CINXE.COM

Just a moment...

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '9135a1df4c9df938',cH: 'qm_iYp_doiMw_ni5xhb14ye8lVUtujX.fCOzw.gr34Y-1739793786-1.2.1.1-FF9O8rZl3LESrRGTy7HCfp66Nwa.SvisNg6vCrKewfSj9Kw0PqDjWIK066HtiWgB',cUPMDTk: "\/1386\/ris?__cf_chl_tk=0ljocr3UdhHoVK0jsBNWA5ebyBQ_r9ASDuOBabdMr8A-1739793786-1.0.1.1-3DXPsJShpY0UzXTNge17QKKd.rDPOY0WdJf0hbView4",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739793786',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/1386\/ris?__cf_chl_f_tk=0ljocr3UdhHoVK0jsBNWA5ebyBQ_r9ASDuOBabdMr8A-1739793786-1.0.1.1-3DXPsJShpY0UzXTNge17QKKd.rDPOY0WdJf0hbView4",md: "iKj38m4aFOG9RGfcLf7Ik.THX2Sk3tWvEUXdw5U7FxU-1739793786-1.2.1.1-yqsJDx8f6i1wrwhtq6XJCkgDw1yq0NMHaHLtUUBUBFFnAtJYBfrQ6llNA.2uTr1RJcf.YgLbAJYdvUJaMceBNZi66S1WZVfsKBzTIgeaRs0igpx_WW77LgvBdaFf.JieYJ7iLmEsjfUOhM0LRjSMQJGPvFF3djOG2mFJ2YY1yPUsPIyGnX.VrXoU0YnmhiyihJCZ1YrUbbUAjujFqAMOZW5K8cHYlRw17l2XRL_ca10.ws70nrHHoKpoo13ST.leI1oPw3P3XR0_fYBUR7.raq5TrIbsFr3gW94F_xpRUt3FRUxS2LX66brBhZjXPcNXU3fbtRq5WveVuXgS5yTKYBw.yB0_AOCFZZpzEKCv4G2lJo7lCR8iTYTls0GgotSPxF22HmenwU5Bjg_S6zRw6eweHbp_YpQ9jZs9LIFm36JNsGeWFetj6sePeTOabnbqQlnTOtlpADpqUHm_0KOpKUX8PmZD463tohFiEpO8icHHjYfatTosncNS8fGSF3vTDRNFhklRmc_kfgF3bOFeEe558WXNawvQOA_jDOqBPIYxCQNE8VaB_aoV6wZQvEMDD9TkAa3qtab5mtIsuYQ844D5O7rD4wcZiE69xACllyn8MV2h7K5.ggh1FYTulMSUk7l8gs8g.dF9diy577ylzHZjAcpQALhSSAUPbzhcJ14TJli2886fw1Ad5p1oMuUFCLeKqa8mA1V_hczdR3XOo0UCiiMbyXJsJEXCjHUsd2d_Qb5Wt9QhV9sRKaIQIxXrEN0j4rTLlhBFyFLbKeLM8aSAAYi2AXqtMO1NMmg_Q1EsexJo0nR.kr9rR5f_D4tzwNTjmfXT.aPR4_BjVNEK3UrNmRVBc8KtL6qo1Xe0xUmdUmUPoPDtBggJIHEAJg57jikMI9VHmYstwVSVU1ndxtkO2NapZrMbN1bLe1Bg7EiNXnwVyA2mgNZP.MLyuCNHRphEQxRS9qZsmwLmlH9M.dnf9L0t2WKEKyoaYDdXvGeTeMlk_it95gSiXDGlDYkV2.OP3jEUqjzKvwUssqspI74iq6gXegGjnPJt3eEZh3rpeodfe7ujrnjalCqUs_s8rrf2o8MijdLVfNqxjkfaJd1gFKLlbDzI1Zlw_Q26iWI6AFRApuoHeC484S_HgiaXBJHx.bS2c9X7WeHstjn.7E8tR52QIJWgpzrZYm1a3mo.ApZG.Kna.Jh93pxFkDTAkEgi_iJlQ.1vnlyE.jntHQa.aemR7MEgmCWRL9OZOs3jH7iE5ubZuLtvxc6r6AbV6EBm0EFLVdn2dDvT2vEX0FfDvAnqqTZVYJ5oqdVpPDUSDvRGkfWqi1hUtDLIdeDYlYCKZ6F7b9iDMdkru2_.fYWmWdVyqRFZ5ptROBjD4a2sSj12iFSuD5asWNxsXA.wuvx.uHrYCCp93ZgBEWOm5SEEV7jKq5APx8YBoaYdO7wt0jaCGlm9Dm1m.bbAPbIIiJeWyOFjivt2LjM2hk4BMmAcS7UQ8bXduAUCjetlbp1IoDcEJBJS4LCjMbXP0Db_mx_wic.aU6N4LLJVSjP4P_Kf27z_mZN9KAACr2WdiD6nWRDQyYUX_StxCQWtzHJhw3hmYv9cwXqCZu0L5yCDbUNMFuos14CHu76eiVYSA9fnR3Uebp8ddjWKswE9_WV47OOEBN8O2duGrYcs6fAOICyLYQ24ucEPIhb.X5iahSfU61I8IoN3e_UdB.yh3lFRM8xGA4RUxP0bnNzpXobtERDg6P5G51uxlW6fEh3a7fZC_qHX3UrcoCNtjBAn5VcfrFsEfQRxYGvzf5QzX0jtHjF0bPyYM.MG5Xz.vaJPHliRyKgIsp64oAI1tbdnt8BODOVJO7Auk0aJSwGHViRr9w",mdrd: "k9KOoEGOxr4GxQ_HV05groe93SlAQe.vP0ln136UhYU-1739793786-1.2.1.1-SK_Y2clmb6ECyXxP4p433egjELEMk1pwYrcGa2vJDw0ApbaqNHJ31E1tdAwYrPYR0U5Z78yBorbJJUGbBRnaLMUVInv5bEiaVzqd2GT4x9bkuKYoi8m8WcjD3Rnjp8MvP9gpLnrCGpg4V7xwqlW0HtxerkgbWEE6b6XKvPQnQEKlixpkqjzR.2KzsoOa.4PbABk8d7EzqDnR5f276wGecENpcb3WUxr0zXjTX2LBcWxP7dx258hrPQKkw86cKSZVTb7rEkpOAqkTLVDzKFIF5wbTZJhi5JxqCOVHQbO0ZCPNgR.7.s.BzQfyz3bNrGOR.YU4aBadQBtYD6CrWkW3DsWTRmxaEQgf45MPE5vMi.XSYyQz0L40FLtAcAE2w8.UK_aKqfyST4ug0fu_a0UywCgNqAImeTL.qfHarUiw2BhxcnfOw0Mne64y4qjDcLHyfEsF66uJCVd8Cv.zPKAgCIT3cCvhb55Y6Fl3LaVgIc99cSGoh6AVoeRajC_2I5tWZ5bAiKGukduZThGH6qx0l7URMs748Rhe_tK0be5ccDsta0jtAvAZItKqoiDJ__KtLuRJ3FbAX_M1Py65momPV3e5gEBHzKSGZ.HTgJAh..dTtaOesj0o9Bvx.rWCyYGHLcPGMxeWixDCoahr0g4yQc2NuqT56DXpdcN7h5MDP39ioSzS1FbmDhXZKc6lfOrHHBEmVI_d0Lo6j11sRSTTXdvh.40gDJaaqwNuHV4pc_WiZ2LrgOaj_6L2gVHvWEt1RIxw9cWrtqIRZPvsEBrsTh8PMWIMtJfSwgpwiXebQDQjAEbFgcw6uiVY7v8GfPSCPM7DDc4C.rpKL6n9ir_6crsSF6L4g1H5hTNzOPUsM0CBPV0gAQykQ1ssQ1yPiu2a01G2GYW5fP40OGpT2zG9ovAbMTcfA9uTddRMOITN6WkBkGlXaZKRxZIqY_aSgFeWCyAtGD5hUqgoSXcbkw4j4Xi1ManlvuBmygrkhaNOkSwxmAeBfAJgbUVO_L7rUjDViVkU_f9IV4MYUnUbj9fXL3S5lqWLt761YbhY9IOSFHiwbt.7YX6fTGgS54158nA3bJewWAFpuC8eEjK2X.Wr9sCmw96dX4TCJvNSiMa3ABc4h__F7dRhrCYufa9Ru97uMhSg5nRkvQJ4FOpL3Rfs8JiLG4R2HHhy9VFxd1JwEsue9PKg9eVE7v0wQ4jpFrTgk5w0RK91knrqodC14rQRU_KLh0I9GC4h3m2zGURkjRVuiRPmTdC10mcKhb1cI.fu5sjX.aqdedl8peT9thfN1aSpc78e.sENFAYw7eoodkOK3uhh_y5NpLmQ5x0BvwG9gUb4QUfBwAqIrK_1Ih5PBx.LTzbHcOFq5mDLkpNoBYR94L8V34p2yN9UjoyiypxYhcpapphAWUGQadA_3YMLgk7h5YokcEuiM8W_8wTHNaSyi9.k26kt3DeU0LDxSwemfyf24Fq5.QNbH7jO1YwPcxm.izAelhLfjZMqme27vpq5kJT2ZyTmbDthAK3S5t8icd.DbyfvFNxCw40gwlOLQujAUWKBZBl3QdWGZTV.A0lOAPPzh8u4X.zDN1Wd23hUcr6POPjZR6Max4tTXKG9CsV_iaDS_GiJ8wHMBd_YTwhnlAoV77xWdpXPK_p5lw8o_JDffQ.MhrGEdFB38O_GfNu6ZO.bS9qERVxXzes.z8vyexcnWTcGEe7qj9TgrjTAWHGUgF.fF1andSbQn5klSjXcuHHRiniWw.G6uKzkBzWJ8kC5TtoUHWkg7eNxfkdB5XhkRKk4CTUPPNkV_RU9lGeME1ND8Ke6gu48Ty8dEfRudxDMl6BMoawnj_BIzEI7eB5qU2XPN5hmwZHr3FqEWBo5iKce4PrUvfU2ZPrvAZZu2_uUxaseSJnRv5z3NvIFxaBhPdNi.h8kwY8NhrGcxFrPp4WMzxQTWm8zelQjDtujQ6b3YRywspIRpCahSPMUHJv2w9iL5kF2x7AgjJeCWA"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9135a1df4c9df938';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/1386\/ris?__cf_chl_rt_tk=0ljocr3UdhHoVK0jsBNWA5ebyBQ_r9ASDuOBabdMr8A-1739793786-1.0.1.1-3DXPsJShpY0UzXTNge17QKKd.rDPOY0WdJf0hbView4" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>