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for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">个人工具</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="用户菜单" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=zh.wikipedia.org&uselang=zh"><span>资助维基百科</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E6%88%B4%E9%9C%87" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录，但这不是强制性的"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>创建账号</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E6%88%B4%E9%9C%87" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>登录</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-生平" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#生平"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>生平</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-生平-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-學術" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#學術"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>學術</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-學術-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-評價" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#評價"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>評價</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-評價-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-主要著作" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#主要著作"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>主要著作</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-主要著作-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-水經注公案" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#水經注公案"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>水經注公案</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-水經注公案-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-學生" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#學生"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>學生</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-學生-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-研究書目" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#研究書目"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>研究書目</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-研究書目-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-纪念" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#纪念"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>纪念</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-纪念-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-參考資料" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#參考資料"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>參考資料</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-參考資料-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-外部連結" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#外部連結"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>外部連結</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-外部連結-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="目录" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">戴震</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。20种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-20" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">20种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%89_%D8%B2%D9%87%D9%8A%D9%86" title="داى زهين – 埃及阿拉伯文" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="داى زهين" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="埃及阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D0%A7%D0%B6%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%8C" title="Дай Чжэнь – 白俄罗斯语" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Дай Чжэнь" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄罗斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D0%A7%D0%B6%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%8C" title="Дай Чжэнь – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Дай Чжэнь" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dai_Zhen" title="Dai Zhen – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Dai Zhen" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taj_%C4%8Cen" title="Taj Čen – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Taj Čen" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dai_Zhen" title="Dai Zhen – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Dai Zhen" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dai_Zhen" title="Dai Zhen – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Dai Zhen" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dai_Zhen" title="Dai Zhen – 加利西亚语" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Dai Zhen" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B4%D5%A1%D5%B5_%D5%89%D5%AA%D5%A5%D5%B6" title="Դայ Չժեն – 亚美尼亚语" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Դայ Չժեն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亚美尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dai_Zhen" title="Dai Zhen – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Dai Zhen" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%88%B4%E9%9C%87" title="戴震 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="戴震" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D0%A7%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C" title="Дай Чжень – 哈萨克语" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Дай Чжень" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="哈萨克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8C%80%EC%A7%84_(%EC%B2%AD%EB%82%98%EB%9D%BC)" title="대진 (청나라) – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="대진 (청나라)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%B9,_%D0%A7%D0%B6%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%8C" title="Дай, Чжэнь – 柯尔克孜语" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Дай, Чжэнь" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="柯尔克孜语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dai_Zhen" title="Dai Zhen – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Dai Zhen" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dai_Zhen" title="Dai Zhen – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Dai Zhen" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dai_Zhen" title="Dai Zhen – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Dai Zhen" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D0%A7%D0%B6%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%8C" title="Дай Чжэнь – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Дай Чжэнь" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taj_%C4%8Cen" title="Taj Čen – 斯洛伐克语" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Taj Čen" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D0%A7%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C" title="Дай Чжень – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Дай Чжень" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q714369#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul 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.infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox td div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox td div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox td div.NavHead:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox td div.NavHead:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive 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.infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border:0;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-right:1px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .mergedrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .mergedrow .infobox-full-data{border:0;border-right:1px solid #a2a9b1}</style><table class="infobox bordered vcard" style="width: 21em; font-size: 89%;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn" style="color: #000; background-color: #FFFFDD; font-size: 120%; text-align: center;">戴震</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Dai_Zhen.png" class="mw-file-description" title="《清代學者像傳》第二集《戴震像》，楊鵬秋繪"><img alt="《清代學者像傳》第二集《戴震像》，楊鵬秋繪" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Dai_Zhen.png/200px-Dai_Zhen.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Dai_Zhen.png/300px-Dai_Zhen.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Dai_Zhen.png/400px-Dai_Zhen.png 2x" data-file-width="668" data-file-height="980" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">《<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E4%BB%A3%E5%AD%B8%E8%80%85%E5%83%8F%E5%82%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="清代學者像傳">清代學者像傳</a>》第二集《戴震像》，楊鵬秋繪</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align:center;background:#CDDBE8; color: #000; font-size:110%;font-weight:bold;">大清翰林院庶吉士</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">籍貫</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E5%BE%BD%E7%9C%81" title="安徽省">安徽省</a><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%91%E5%AE%81%E5%8E%BF" title="休宁县">休寧縣</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">族裔</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">漢族</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">字號</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">字東原</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">出生</th><td class="infobox-data" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%8D%E6%AD%A3" title="雍正">雍正</a>元年十二月二十四<br />即1724年1月19日<br /></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">逝世</th><td class="infobox-data" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%BE%E9%9A%86" title="乾隆">乾隆</a>四十二年五月二十七<br />即1777年7月1日<br /><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="北京">京師</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #CFCFCF; text-align: center;">出身</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="font-size: 90%;text-align: left;"> <ul><li>乾隆四十年乙未科同進士出身</li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #CFCFCF; text-align: center;">著作</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="font-size: 90%;text-align: left;"> <ul><li>《戴氏遺書》等</li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Daizhen.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Daizhen.jpg/220px-Daizhen.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="314" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Daizhen.jpg/330px-Daizhen.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Daizhen.jpg/440px-Daizhen.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1751" data-file-height="2500" /></a><figcaption>安徽屯溪老街戴震紀念館</figcaption></figure> <p><b>戴震</b>（1724年1月19日—1777年7月1日），字<b>慎修</b>，號<b>東原</b>，<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%BD%E5%B7%9E%E5%BA%9C" title="徽州府">徽州府</a><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%91%E5%AE%81%E5%8E%BF" title="休宁县">休寧县</a>（今安徽省<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%83%E5%B1%B1%E5%B8%82" class="mw-redirect" title="黃山市">黃山市</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%AF%E6%BA%AA%E5%8C%BA" title="屯溪区">屯溪区</a>）人，<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B" title="中國">中國</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E4%BB%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="清代">清代</a><a href="/wiki/%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E5%AD%B8%E5%AE%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="語言學家">語言學家</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%80%9D%E6%83%B3%E5%AE%B6" title="思想家">思想家</a>。曾六次<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%83%E8%A9%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="會試">會試</a>未中。<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>晚年因學術成就顯著，<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%BE%E9%9A%86%E5%B8%9D" title="乾隆帝">乾隆帝</a>特招入館任《<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E5%BA%AB%E5%85%A8%E6%9B%B8" title="四庫全書">四庫全書</a>》纂修官，賜同<a href="/wiki/%E9%80%B2%E5%A3%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="進士">進士</a>出身，授<a href="/wiki/%E7%BF%B0%E6%9E%97%E9%99%A2" title="翰林院">翰林院</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%B6%E5%90%89%E5%A3%AB" title="庶吉士">庶吉士</a>。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="生平"><span id=".E7.94.9F.E5.B9.B3"></span>生平</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%88%B4%E9%9C%87&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：生平"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>戴震生於雍正元年十二月二十四（1724年1月19日），小時聰敏，過目成誦，十歲讀《大學章句》至「右經一章」以下，問私塾老師說：「此何以知其為『孔子之言而曾子述之』？又何以知其為『曾子之意而門人記之』？」師應之曰：「此朱文公所說。」但戴震接著指出周朝離宋朝有兩千年之遙，為什麼朱子能知道這些事呢？問得老師無言以對。<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>十七歲時，戴震讀完了私塾，客居南豐。 </p><p>戴震是<a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%B3%E9%9F%BB%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="音韻學">音韻學</a>家<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%9F%E6%B0%B8_(%E4%BA%BA%E7%89%A9)" title="江永 (人物)">江永</a>的弟子。他對<a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="經學">經學</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E6%96%87" class="mw-redirect" title="天文">天文</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86" class="mw-redirect" title="地理">地理</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="歷史">歷史</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B8%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="數學">數學</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%A9%9F%E6%A2%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="機械">機械</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E5%88%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="水利">水利</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9" title="生物">生物</a>及古代器物都有研究，被譽為百科全書式的學者。乾隆七年，前往徽州府婺源與江永相識，因為戴震與其表字相同，從此專字東原。二人並沒有明確的師徒關係，而是亦師亦友。乾隆十九年，往北京避難與<a href="/wiki/%E9%8C%A2%E5%A4%A7%E6%98%95" class="mw-redirect" title="錢大昕">錢大昕</a>相識。乾隆二十年（1755年）夏，戴震初識<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%80%E6%98%80" title="紀昀">紀昀</a>，戴震後來幾次到京師都住在紀昀家。紀昀出資將戴震的《考工記圖》付梓，並為之作序。 </p><p>乾隆二十三年（1758年），設館於<a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%AE%E9%83%A8%E5%B0%9A%E6%9B%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="禮部尚書">禮部尚書</a><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%8B%E5%AE%89%E5%9B%BD_(%E9%9B%8D%E6%AD%A3%E8%BF%9B%E5%A3%AB)" class="mw-redirect" title="王安国 (雍正进士)">王安國</a>家，教授<a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%8B%E5%BF%B5%E5%AD%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="王念孫">王念孫</a>讀經。次年，結識<a href="/wiki/%E6%83%A0%E6%A3%9F" title="惠棟">惠棟</a>於<a href="/wiki/%E6%8F%9A%E5%B7%9E%E5%BA%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="揚州府">揚州</a><a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%AC%E8%BF%90%E4%BD%BF" title="转运使">轉運使</a><a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%A7%E6%96%87%E5%BC%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="盧文弨">盧文弨</a>署內。乾隆二十九年（1764年），中式<a href="/wiki/%E8%88%89%E4%BA%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="舉人">舉人</a>。乾隆三十三年（1768年），成《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8E%9F%E5%96%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="原善（页面不存在）">原善</a>》三卷。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%BE%E9%9A%86" title="乾隆">乾隆</a>三十八年（1773年），因紀昀的推薦為《<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E5%BA%AB%E5%85%A8%E6%9B%B8" title="四庫全書">四庫全書</a>》纂修官。乾隆四十年（1775年），為乾隆帝特許，經殿試，賜同進士出身。授<a href="/wiki/%E7%BF%B0%E6%9E%97%E9%99%A2" title="翰林院">翰林院</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%B6%E5%90%89%E5%A3%AB" title="庶吉士">庶吉士</a>，未及<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%A3%E9%A6%86" class="mw-redirect" title="散馆">散館</a>授官而病卒。紀昀有詩懷念：「披肝露膽兩不疑，情話分明憶舊時。」<a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%AA%E6%A6%9C" title="洪榜">洪榜</a>為戴震寫行狀稱：「抱經世之才，其論治以富民為本」。 </p><p>乾隆四十二年五月二十七日去世，享年五十五歲。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="學術"><span id=".E5.AD.B8.E8.A1.93"></span>學術</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%88%B4%E9%9C%87&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：學術"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>戴震對於<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E9%9F%B3%E9%9F%B5%E5%AD%A6" title="汉语音韵学">汉语音韻學</a>很有研究，創立了古音九類二十五部之說以及陰陽入對轉的理論。此外，他也精通<a href="/wiki/%E8%A8%93%E8%A9%81%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="訓詁學">訓詁學</a>。四十歲後開始質疑<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%8B%E5%AD%A6_(%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6)" title="宋学 (中国哲学)">宋学</a>，進而力抨宋代理學家。<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>以為程、朱論理摻雜佛老，不復先秦儒學宗旨，晚年所著《<a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%9F%E5%AD%90%E5%AD%97%E7%BE%A9%E7%96%8F%E8%AD%89" title="孟子字義疏證">孟子字義疏證</a>》，全面否定了程朱思想。 </p><p>戴震在《孟子字義疏證》一書中批駁了程朱理學的「存天理，去人欲」主張，並指出，宋儒輕言天理、公義，而輕「民之飢寒愁怨、飲食男女、常情隱曲之感，言雖美，而用之治人，則禍其人。」<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>於是，理學以理殺人，「適成忍而殘殺之具」，極大地壓抑了人的天性，扭曲了道德、文章：「夫詖辭邪說之深入人心，必害於事，害於政，天下披其禍而莫之能覺也。」<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>可謂是「酷吏以法殺人，後儒以理殺人」<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>戴震對道學的批判，延續了清初<a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%8B%E5%A4%AB%E4%B9%8B" title="王夫之">王夫之</a>等人的套路，在文字、考辨的基礎上，提出了人乃血氣之軀，道德也無非“不過”、“不及”之論，是人類天性的合理調節，是自然需要的合理表達，由此改變了體用兩分，倫理為体，人慾為氣，由私欲害理推導出理慾對立的本體論，恢復儒學本來面目和倫理的原初意義。 </p><p>在否定了朱熹的形而上學本體論的過程中，戴震發揮了<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%B5%E8%BC%89_(%E5%8C%97%E5%AE%8B)" title="張載 (北宋)">張載</a>以來所形成「天道－性－人道」体用一體的説法，形成了「天道論」這一世界圖式。由此戴震得出結論：天道無非氣化流行之變，「氣」即「道」，体用唯一的説法：「形而上」之「道」，即「未成形質」以前之「氣」；「形而下」之器，即「已成形質」以後之物，形式與質料互為條件，陰陽消長相為基礎，理學所謂「理在事先」不過是私心自用，偏執形式而已。戴震這一對体用一體的繼承所發展出來的「天性論」充滿了人性的關懷和肯定，極大地解放了籠罩「去人欲、存天理」的理學桎梏之下的人心思想。同時，戴震與章學誠並稱清代學術史與思想史上兩大高峰，以漢學為宗，發揮了六經皆史的治學方法，開創了儒家學術思想由「尊德性」向「道問學」的歷史轉向。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%A0%E5%A4%AA%E7%82%8E" title="章太炎">章太炎</a>是推重戴震的第一人，「銓次諸儒學術所原，不過惠、戴二宗」。<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>又說戴學源於<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%80%E5%AD%90" title="荀子">荀子</a>。從章太炎開始，戴震的哲學才進一步為人所注意。<a href="/wiki/%E8%83%A1%E9%81%A9" title="胡適">胡適</a>著《戴東原的哲學》，認為戴震建立起「清朝學術全盛時代的哲學」，「可說是宋明理學的根本革命，也可以說是新理學的建設——哲學的中興。」 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E5%A7%9A%E9%BC%90" title="姚鼐">姚鼐</a>與戴震共修《《四庫全書》時，欲事戴為師遭到拒絕，<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>姚鼐於是攻擊戴學「破碎不通」，甚至罵戴將「身滅絕嗣，此殆未可以為偶然也」。<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>戴震「反宋儒」、「反朱熹」，故不為<a href="/wiki/%E9%8C%A2%E7%A9%86" title="錢穆">錢穆</a>所喜。<a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%99%E8%8B%B1%E6%99%82" title="余英時">余英時</a>《論戴震與章學誠》認為︰“然東原斥程朱即所以發揮程朱，實齋（章學誠）宗陸王即所以叛離陸王，取徑雖異，旨則歸一，則兩家之貌異緩和疼不能掩其心同。”戴震撰有《汾州府志》和《汾陽縣誌》，其間與章學誠發生過激烈的爭論。余英時謂：“東原謂方志當重地理沿革，這裡顯然表現出了一種狹義的考證觀點。蓋東原治《水經注》有年，即移《水經注》之法於方志之纂修也。”後世出版有《戴震文集》、《戴震集》等。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="評價"><span id=".E8.A9.95.E5.83.B9"></span>評價</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%88%B4%E9%9C%87&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：評價"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%A0%E5%AF%A6%E9%BD%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="章實齋">章實齋</a>《<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%8F%B2%E9%80%9A%E7%BE%A9" title="文史通義">文史通義</a>‧書朱陸篇後》指出：“戴君學術，實自朱子道問學而得之……偶有出於朱子所不及者，因而丑貶朱子，至斥以悖謬，詆以妄作”。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B9%E6%9D%B1%E6%A8%B9" title="方東樹">方東樹</a>《<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E5%AD%A6%E5%95%86%E5%85%91" title="汉学商兑">漢學商兌</a>》批評戴震：“程朱所嚴辨理欲，指人主及學人心術邪正言之，乃最吃緊本務，與民情同然好惡之慾迥別。今移此混彼，妄援立說，謂當通遂其欲，不當繩之以理，言理則為以意見殺人，此恆古未有之異端邪說。”</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%81%E5%95%9F%E8%B6%85" class="mw-redirect" title="梁啟超">梁啟超</a>說：“苟無戴震，則清學能否卓然自樹立，蓋未可知也。”<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%83%A1%E9%81%A9" title="胡適">胡適</a>認為戴震足与<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%B1%E7%86%B9" title="朱熹">朱熹</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%8B%E9%98%B3%E6%98%8E" class="mw-redirect" title="王阳明">王阳明</a>齐名，是朱子以后的第一个大思想家。<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>戴震認為：“必知字之詁，而後識句之意，識句之意，而後通全篇之義，進而窺全書之指。”<a href="/wiki/%E9%8C%A2%E9%8D%BE%E6%9B%B8" title="錢鍾書">錢鍾書</a>說：“是特一邊耳……復須解全篇之義乃至全書之指，庶得以定某句之意；解全句之意，庶得以定某字之詁；或並須曉會作者立言之宗尚、當時流行之文風，以及修詞異宜之著述體裁，方概知全篇或全書之指歸……交互往復，庶幾乎義解圓足而免於偏枯。”<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="主要著作"><span id=".E4.B8.BB.E8.A6.81.E8.91.97.E4.BD.9C"></span>主要著作</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%88%B4%E9%9C%87&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：主要著作"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>《<a href="/wiki/%E7%AD%96%E7%AE%97" class="mw-redirect" title="策算">策算</a>》一卷乾隆九年（1744年）</li> <li>《毛郑诗考正》五卷</li> <li>《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8E%9F%E8%B1%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="原象（页面不存在）">原象</a>》一卷</li> <li>《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8B%BE%E8%82%A1%E5%89%B2%E5%9C%9C%E8%A8%98&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="勾股割圜記（页面不存在）">勾股割圜記</a>》三卷</li> <li>《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BA%8C%E5%A4%A9%E6%96%87%E7%95%A5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="續天文略（页面不存在）">續天文略</a>》二卷</li> <li>《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B0%9A%E6%9B%B8%E7%BE%A9%E8%80%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="尚書義考（页面不存在）">尚書義考</a>》二卷</li> <li>《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B6%93%E8%80%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="經考（页面不存在）">經考</a>》五卷</li> <li>《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B1%88%E5%8E%9F%E8%B3%A6%E6%B3%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="屈原賦注（页面不存在）">屈原賦注</a>》三卷</li> <li>《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8E%9F%E5%96%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="原善（页面不存在）">原善</a>》三卷</li> <li>《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%80%83%E5%B7%A5%E8%A8%98%E5%9C%96%E6%B3%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="考工記圖注（页面不存在）">考工記圖注</a>》</li> <li>《<a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%9F%E5%AD%90%E5%AD%97%E7%BE%A9%E7%96%8F%E8%AD%89" title="孟子字義疏證">孟子字義疏證</a>》，原稱《孟子私淑錄》、《緒言》三卷</li> <li>《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%BA%B8%E8%A3%9C%E8%A8%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="中庸補註（页面不存在）">中庸補註</a>》</li> <li>《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%B4%E5%9C%B0%E8%A8%98&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="水地記（页面不存在）">水地記</a>》一卷</li> <li>《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%81%B2%E9%9F%BB%E8%80%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="聲韻考（页面不存在）">聲韻考</a>》四卷</li> <li>《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%81%B2%E9%A1%9E%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="聲類表（页面不存在）">聲類表</a>》十卷</li> <li>《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80%E7%96%8F%E8%AD%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="方言疏證（页面不存在）">方言疏證</a>》十三卷</li> <li>《<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E7%B6%93%E6%B3%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="水經注">水經注</a>》三十五卷</li> <li>《文集》十卷</li> <li>《直隶河渠书》一百十一卷</li> <li>《汾阳县志》</li> <li>《汾州府志》三十四卷</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="水經注公案"><span id=".E6.B0.B4.E7.B6.93.E6.B3.A8.E5.85.AC.E6.A1.88"></span>水經注公案</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%88%B4%E9%9C%87&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：水經注公案"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>戴震從乾隆三十年（1765年）起，開始研究北魏<a href="/wiki/%E9%85%88%E9%81%93%E5%85%83" class="mw-redirect" title="酈道元">酈道元</a>的《水經注》，直到乾隆四十年（1775年），才最終<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%A1%E5%B0%8D" title="校對">校定</a>《水經注》，前後十年。他三次<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%A1%E5%B0%8D" title="校對">校訂</a>《水經注》，為《水經注》總計補缺漏字2128個，刪妄增字1448個，正臆改字3715個，使得《水經注》正本清源，還其本來面貌。 </p><p>戴震在四庫全書館中<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%A1%E5%B0%8D" title="校對">校勘</a>《水經注》時，曾捲入抄襲<a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%99%E4%B8%80%E6%B8%85" title="趙一清">趙一清</a>成果的公案。段玉裁認為趙書襲戴。<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%8B%E5%9C%8B%E7%B6%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="王國維">王國維</a>對於戴震的《水經注》是否剽竊問題，撰寫《書戴校水經注後》一文，指斥其非，王国维愤然道：“凡此等学问上可忌可耻之事，东原胥为之而不顾。”<a href="/wiki/%E8%83%A1%E9%81%A9" title="胡適">胡適</a>則為戴震辯護，認為戴震在《水經注》研究方面沒有抄襲的嫌疑，一般認為胡適是白費二十餘年心力。<a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%8A%E5%AE%88%E6%95%AC" title="楊守敬">楊守敬</a>《水經註疏》每每點出：“此戴襲趙之確證。”例如卷五寫道：“趙氏不撿……而……以訂酈氏，大謬。戴氏亦不加詳考，竟依改，可哂也。”<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%B3%E6%A9%8B%E9%A9%9B_(%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E5%AD%B8%E5%AE%B6)" class="mw-redirect" title="陳橋驛 (歷史學家)">陳橋驛</a>則認為，与其说是“气矜”，不如说是“功名之欲”。<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="學生"><span id=".E5.AD.B8.E7.94.9F"></span>學生</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%88%B4%E9%9C%87&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：學生"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>戴震的學生有很多都是著名的文字學家： </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AE%B5%E7%8E%89%E8%A3%81" title="段玉裁">段玉裁</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%94%E5%BB%A3%E6%A3%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="孔廣森">孔廣森</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%8B%E5%BF%B5%E5%AD%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="王念孫">王念孫</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%AA%E6%A6%9C" title="洪榜">洪榜</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="研究書目"><span id=".E7.A0.94.E7.A9.B6.E6.9B.B8.E7.9B.AE"></span>研究書目</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%88%B4%E9%9C%87&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：研究書目"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%81%E5%90%AF%E8%B6%85" title="梁启超">梁启超</a>《戴东原先生传》1923年（民国十二年）《饮冰室合集》第五卷</li> <li>梁启超《戴东原哲学》1923年（民国十二年）《饮冰室合集》第五卷</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%AA%E6%A6%9C" title="洪榜">洪榜</a>：《戴東原先生行狀》，《二洪遺稿》</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%83%A1%E9%81%A9" title="胡適">胡適</a>：《<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://taiwanebook.ncl.edu.tw/en/book/NLPI-31120003525085/reader">戴東原的哲學</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20210224034202/http://taiwanebook.ncl.edu.tw/en/book/NLPI-31120003525085/reader">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）》</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%99%E8%8B%B1%E6%99%82" title="余英時">余英時</a>：《論戴震與章學誠》（香港：龍門書店，1976）。</li> <li>胡明辉：〈<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nssd.org/articles/Article_Read.aspx?id=35211458">青年戴震：十八世纪中国士人社会的“局外人”与儒学的新动向</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20210110102132/http://www.nssd.org/articles/Article_Read.aspx?id=35211458">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）〉。</li> <li>黃俊傑：〈<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://huang.cc.ntu.edu.tw/pdf/CCA0904.pdf">東亞近世儒學思潮的新動向——戴東原、伊藤仁齋與丁茶山對孟學的解釋</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20211110165326/http://huang.cc.ntu.edu.tw/pdf/CCA0904.pdf">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）〉。</li> <li>丘為君：《<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://taiwanebook.ncl.edu.tw/en/book/NCL-002893539/reader">戴震學的形成</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20210110102137/http://taiwanebook.ncl.edu.tw/en/book/NCL-002893539/reader">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）》（台北：聯經出版事業股份有限公司，2004）。</li> <li>丘為君：〈<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://readopac3.ncl.edu.tw/nclJournal/search/detail.jsp?sysId=0005420083&dtdId=000040&search_type=detail&la=ch&checked=&unchecked=0810005441005,0820005420083,0830005417405,0840005655887,0850005331849,0860005323653,0870005365021,0880005289746,0890005278312,0900005228518,0910005223517,0920005027616,0930004922469,0940004922462,0950005841041,0960006069067,">梁啟超的戴震研究——動機、方法、與意義</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20210224034218/http://readopac3.ncl.edu.tw/nclJournal/search/detail.jsp?sysId=0005420083&dtdId=000040&search_type=detail&la=ch&checked=&unchecked=0810005441005,0820005420083,0830005417405,0840005655887,0850005331849,0860005323653,0870005365021,0880005289746,0890005278312,0900005228518,0910005223517,0920005027616,0930004922469,0940004922462,0950005841041,0960006069067,">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）〉。</li> <li>岡田武彥著，陳瑋芬譯：〈<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.litphil.sinica.edu.tw/home/publish/PDF/Newsletter/38/38-67-90.pdf">戴震與日本古學派的思想——唯氣論與理學批判論的展開</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20150105161028/http://www.litphil.sinica.edu.tw/home/publish/PDF/Newsletter/38/38-67-90.pdf">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）〉。</li> <li>石井刚：〈<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nssd.org/articles/article_read.aspx?id=672740430">文学复古与“科学”革命：戴震的西学对章太炎国故文体的影响</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20210110102150/http://www.nssd.org/articles/article_read.aspx?id=672740430">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）〉。</li> <li>吳震：〈<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nssd.cn/html/1/156/159/index.html?lngId=ZXYJ2022009007">戴震哲學的方法論反思</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20230714144237/https://www.nssd.cn/html/1/156/159/index.html?lngId=ZXYJ2022009007">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）〉</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="纪念"><span id=".E7.BA.AA.E5.BF.B5"></span>纪念</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%88%B4%E9%9C%87&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节：纪念"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%88%B4%E4%B8%9C%E5%8E%9F%E5%A2%93" class="mw-redirect" title="戴东原墓">戴东原墓</a>：戴震的墓地位于安徽黄山市<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%91%E5%AE%81%E5%8E%BF" title="休宁县">休宁县</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%95%86%E5%B1%B1%E9%95%87" title="商山镇">商山镇</a>东北几山头，靠近<a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%AF%E6%BA%AA%E5%8C%BA" title="屯溪区">屯溪区</a>。墓地面积40平方米，封土高1．5米，墓碑上有"隆阜戴氏，皇清特赐<a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%9B%E5%A3%AB" title="进士">进士</a>出身，敕授<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E6%9E%97%E9%83%8E" title="文林郎">文林郎</a><a href="/wiki/%E7%BF%B0%E6%9E%97%E9%99%A2" title="翰林院">翰林院</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%B6%E5%90%89%E5%A3%AB" title="庶吉士">庶吉士</a>，先考东原府君，先姚朱氏孺人合墓"字样。墓前有石砌享堂20平方米。1981年9月8日，戴东原墓公布为第一批<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E5%BE%BD%E7%9C%81%E6%96%87%E7%89%A9%E4%BF%9D%E6%8A%A4%E5%8D%95%E4%BD%8D" title="安徽省文物保护单位">安徽省文物保护单位</a>。<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>戴震纪念馆：1924年，戴震的后裔购下隆阜中街紧靠横江码头的一座清代民居“摇碧楼”，面积108平方米，开办“戴氏私立东原图书馆”，即<a href="/wiki/%E6%88%B4%E9%9C%87%E8%97%8F%E4%B9%A6%E6%A5%BC" title="戴震藏书楼">戴震藏书楼</a>，收藏戴震藏书9167册。1982年改为戴震纪念馆。由于此处已被列为危房，且位于郊区，交通偏僻，游人稀少，2003年，戴震纪念馆搬迁至<a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%AF%E6%BA%AA" class="mw-redirect" title="屯溪">屯溪</a>市区的<a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%AF%E6%BA%AA%E8%80%81%E8%A1%97" title="屯溪老街">屯溪老街</a>立新巷1号新址，是一座规模较大的清代徽派建筑，面积427平方米，即<a href="/wiki/%E9%9C%87%E4%BF%AE%E6%A5%BC" title="震修楼">震修楼</a>。<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。戴震藏书楼已公布为<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%84%E5%B1%B1%E5%B8%82%E6%96%87%E7%89%A9%E4%BF%9D%E6%8A%A4%E5%8D%95%E4%BD%8D" title="黄山市文物保护单位">黄山市文物保护单位</a>。<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>2019年，震修楼公布为第八批<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E5%BE%BD%E7%9C%81%E6%96%87%E7%89%A9%E4%BF%9D%E6%8A%A4%E5%8D%95%E4%BD%8D" title="安徽省文物保护单位">安徽省文物保护单位</a><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="參考資料"><span id=".E5.8F.83.E8.80.83.E8.B3.87.E6.96.99"></span>參考資料</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%88%B4%E9%9C%87&action=edit&section=9" title="编辑章节：參考資料"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">余英時：《論戴震與章學誠》</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《國朝漢學師承記》（清）江藩著中華書局1983版，第八十五頁</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BE%AF%E5%A4%96%E5%BA%90" title="侯外庐">侯外廬</a>《中國思想史綱》：“戴震的學術思想，依據他對宋學態度的變化，大體可以四十歲為界際，分為前後兩個時期：前期雖力倡漢學，但不排斥宋學；後期獨標經學新義以力攻宋學。”</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《孟子字義疏證‧權》，《戴震全書》卷六，黃山書社1995年版，第217頁。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《孟子字義疏證‧權》，《戴震全書》卷六，黃山書社1995年版，第215頁。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《與某書》，《戴震全書》卷六，黃山書社1995年版，第496頁。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">吳承仕：《章炳麟論學集》</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《戴東原先生全集》，卷9，《與姚孝廉姬傳書》</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">姚鼐，《再覆簡齋書》，《惜抱軒全集》卷6</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《清代學術概論》</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《戴东原在中国哲学史上的地位》，《讀書雜誌》第十七期，1924年1月</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《管錐編》第一七一頁</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">段玉裁《戴東原年譜》：趙書經梁處素校刊，有不合者，捃戴本以正之。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《论戴震校武英殿本〈水经注〉的功过》，收入陈桥驿《郦学新论》</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">安徽省人民政府關於調整全省重點文物保護單位的通知，1981年9月8日</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.sina.com.cn/s/2003-02-28/0906926623.html">戴震纪念馆迁址屯溪老街添新景</a>. 江淮晨报. 2003-02-28 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2021-07-26</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20030925202004/http://news.sina.com.cn/s/2003-02-28/0906926623.html">存档</a>于2003-09-25）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%88%B4%E9%9C%87&rft.btitle=%E6%88%B4%E9%9C%87%E7%BA%AA%E5%BF%B5%E9%A6%86%E8%BF%81%E5%9D%80+%E5%B1%AF%E6%BA%AA%E8%80%81%E8%A1%97%E6%B7%BB%E6%96%B0%E6%99%AF&rft.date=2003-02-28&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%E6%B1%9F%E6%B7%AE%E6%99%A8%E6%8A%A5&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.sina.com.cn%2Fs%2F2003-02-28%2F0906926623.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ahshx.gov.cn/zwgk/public/6615714/9456414.html">黄山市各级文物保护单位一览表</a>. 2019-01-15 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2021-07-26</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210709190724/http://www.ahshx.gov.cn/zwgk/public/6615714/9456414.html">存档</a>于2021-07-09）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%88%B4%E9%9C%87&rft.btitle=%E9%BB%84%E5%B1%B1%E5%B8%82%E5%90%84%E7%BA%A7%E6%96%87%E7%89%A9%E4%BF%9D%E6%8A%A4%E5%8D%95%E4%BD%8D%E4%B8%80%E8%A7%88%E8%A1%A8&rft.date=2019-01-15&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ahshx.gov.cn%2Fzwgk%2Fpublic%2F6615714%2F9456414.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191018013203/http://xxgk.ah.gov.cn/UserData/DocHtml/731/2019/4/9/912051177441.html">安徽省人民政府关于公布第八批省级文物保护单位的通知</a>. 安徽省人民政府办公厅. 2019-03-28 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2021-07-26</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://xxgk.ah.gov.cn/UserData/DocHtml/731/2019/4/9/912051177441.html">原始内容</a>存档于2019-10-18）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%88%B4%E9%9C%87&rft.atitle=%E5%AE%89%E5%BE%BD%E7%9C%81%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C%E5%85%B3%E4%BA%8E%E5%85%AC%E5%B8%83%E7%AC%AC%E5%85%AB%E6%89%B9%E7%9C%81%E7%BA%A7%E6%96%87%E7%89%A9%E4%BF%9D%E6%8A%A4%E5%8D%95%E4%BD%8D%E7%9A%84%E9%80%9A%E7%9F%A5&rft.date=2019-03-28&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fxxgk.ah.gov.cn%2FUserData%2FDocHtml%2F731%2F2019%2F4%2F9%2F912051177441.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="外部連結"><span id=".E5.A4.96.E9.83.A8.E9.80.A3.E7.B5.90"></span>外部連結</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%88%B4%E9%9C%87&action=edit&section=10" title="编辑章节：外部連結"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="mw-editsection-like plainlinks" 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title="陈省身">陈省身</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%B1%E5%AE%9D%E7%90%AE" title="钱宝琮">钱宝琮</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%9F%E6%B3%BD%E6%B6%B5" title="江泽涵">江泽涵</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8E%E7%BD%97%E5%BA%9A" title="华罗庚">华罗庚</a> <ul><li>《<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B8%E8%AB%96%E5%B0%8E%E5%BC%95" title="數論導引">數論導引</a>》</li> <li>《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A0%86%E5%8F%A0%E7%B4%A0%E6%95%B0%E8%AE%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="堆叠素数论（页面不存在）">堆叠素数论</a>》</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%8B%E5%85%83_(%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%A6%E5%AE%B6)" title="王元 (数学家)">王元</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BD%98%E6%89%BF%E6%B4%9E" title="潘承洞">潘承洞</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A8%B1%E5%AF%B6%E9%A8%84" title="許寶騄">许宝騄</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%99%88%E6%99%AF%E6%B6%A6" title="陈景润">陈景润</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%98%E6%88%90%E6%A1%90" title="丘成桐">丘成桐</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%B4%E6%96%87%E4%BF%8A" title="吴文俊">吴文俊</a> <ul><li><a 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