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<a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chronological_order_of_Meccan_surahs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Chronological order of Meccan surahs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chronological_order_of_Meccan_surahs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-First_Meccan_surahs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#First_Meccan_surahs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>First Meccan surahs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-First_Meccan_surahs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Second_Meccan_surahs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Second_Meccan_surahs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Second Meccan surahs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Second_Meccan_surahs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Third_Meccan_surahs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Third_Meccan_surahs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Third Meccan surahs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Third_Meccan_surahs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" 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contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Meccan surah</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 36 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-36" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">36 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surat_Makkiyah" title="Surat Makkiyah – Acehnese" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Surat Makkiyah" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Acehnese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%85%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="آية مكية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="آية مكية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%9B%E0%A7%82%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%BE" title="মক্কান ছূৰা – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="মক্কান ছূৰা" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8A%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B1_%D1%81%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Маккаялъулаб сура – Avaric" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Маккаялъулаб сура" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="Avaric" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DA%A9%DB%8C_%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%87%E2%80%8C" title="مکی سوره‌ – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="مکی سوره‌" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE" title="মাক্কি সুরা – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="মাক্কি সুরা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D3%99%D0%BA%D0%BA%D3%99_%D1%81%D2%AF%D1%80%D3%99%D2%BB%D0%B5" title="Мәккә сүрәһе – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Мәккә сүрәһе" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mekanska_sura" title="Mekanska sura – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Mekanska sura" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%89%DE%A6%DE%87%DE%B0%DE%86%DE%A9_%DE%87%DE%A7%DE%87%DE%A8_%DE%89%DE%A6%DE%8B%DE%A6%DE%82%DE%A9_%DE%90%DE%AB%DE%83%DE%A6%DE%8C%DE%B0" title="މައްކީ އާއި މަދަނީ ސޫރަތް – Divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="މައްކީ އާއި މަދަނީ ސޫރަތް" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sura_mecana" title="Sura mecana – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Sura mecana" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%87_%D9%85%DA%A9%DB%8C" title="سوره مکی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سوره مکی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sourates_mecquoises" title="Sourates mecquoises – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Sourates mecquoises" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Маккара сурат – Ingush" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Маккара сурат" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="Ingush" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surorin_Makka" title="Surorin Makka – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Surorin Makka" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE" title="मक्कन सूरा – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="मक्कन सूरा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makiyah" title="Makiyah – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Makiyah" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makiyyah" title="Makiyyah – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Makiyyah" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA_%D1%81%D2%AF%D1%80%D0%B5" title="Меккелік сүре – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Меккелік сүре" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Меканска сура – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Меканска сура" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%87_%D9%85%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%87" title="ايه مكيه – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ايه مكيه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DA%A9%DB%8C_%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D8%A6%D9%88%D9%86" title="مکی سوره‌ئون – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="مکی سوره‌ئون" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makiyyah" title="Makiyyah – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Makiyyah" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makkiyah" title="Makkiyah – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Makkiyah" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mekkaanse_soera%27s" title="Mekkaanse soera's – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Mekkaanse soera's" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9E%E3%83%83%E3%82%AB%E5%95%93%E7%A4%BA" title="マッカ啓示 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="マッカ啓示" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mekkasura" title="Mekkasura – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Mekkasura" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DA%A9%D9%8A_%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86%D9%87" title="مکي سورتونه – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="مکي سورتونه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sura_mekka%C5%84ska" title="Sura mekkańska – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Sura mekkańska" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suras_de_Meca" title="Suras de Meca – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Suras de Meca" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Мекканская сура – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Мекканская сура" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meccan_sura" title="Meccan sura – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Meccan sura" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%95%D8%AA%DB%8C_%D9%85%DB%95%DA%A9%DA%A9%DB%95%DB%8C%DB%8C" title="سوورەتی مەککەیی – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="سوورەتی مەککەیی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Меканска сура – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Меканска сура" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BA%D3%A3" title="Сураи маккӣ – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Сураи маккӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DA%A9%DB%8C_%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%81" title="مکی سورہ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="مکی سورہ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%BA%A5%E5%8A%A0%E7%AF%87%E7%AB%A0" title="麥加篇章 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="麥加篇章" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q234280#sitelinks-wikipedia" 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style="background:lavender;;background:none;font-size:130%;white-space:nowrap;padding-bottom:0;"><a href="/wiki/Quran" title="Quran">Quran</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0.2em 0;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:lavender;;background:lavender;padding-top:0.15em;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Quran" title="History of the Quran">History</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding:0.4em 0.1em 0.2em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wa%E1%B8%A5y" title="Waḥy">Waḥy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad%27s_first_revelation" title="Muhammad's first revelation">First revelation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asbab_al-Nuzul" title="Asbab al-Nuzul">Asbab al-Nuzul</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Historical_reliability_of_the_Quran" title="Historical reliability of the Quran">Historicity</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Manuscripts</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Samarkand_Kufic_Quran" title="Samarkand Kufic Quran">Samarkand Kufic Quran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanaa_manuscript" title="Sanaa manuscript">Sanaa manuscript</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Topkapi_manuscript" title="Topkapi manuscript">Topkapi manuscript</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birmingham_Quran_manuscript" title="Birmingham Quran manuscript">Birmingham manuscript</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0.2em 0;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:lavender;;background:lavender;padding-top:0.15em;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Divisions</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding:0.4em 0.1em 0.2em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Surah" title="Surah">Surah</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_chapters_in_the_Quran" title="List of chapters in the Quran">List</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Meccan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medinan_surah" title="Medinan surah">Medinan</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C4%80yah" title="Āyah">Āyah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juz%27" title="Juz'">Juz'</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Muqatta%CA%BFat" title="Muqattaʿat">Muqatta'at</a></i></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0.2em 0;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:lavender;;background:lavender;padding-top:0.15em;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Content</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding:0.4em 0.1em 0.2em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prophets_and_messengers_in_Islam" title="Prophets and messengers in Islam">Prophets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Baqara_256" title="Al-Baqara 256">No compulsion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_the_Quran" title="Women in the Quran">Women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animals_in_Islam#Qur'an" title="Animals in Islam">Animals</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biblical_and_Quranic_narratives" class="mw-redirect" title="Biblical and Quranic narratives">Legends</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quran_and_miracles" class="mw-redirect" title="Quran and miracles">Miracles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quranic_parables" title="Quranic parables">Parables</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_attitudes_towards_science#Science_and_the_Quran" title="Islamic attitudes towards science">Science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_eschatology" title="Islamic eschatology">Eschatology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/God_in_Islam" title="God in Islam">God</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0.2em 0;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:lavender;;background:lavender;padding-top:0.15em;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Quran_reading" class="mw-redirect" title="Quran reading">Reading</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding:0.4em 0.1em 0.2em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Q%C4%81ri%CA%BE" title="Qāriʾ">Qāriʾ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hafiz_(Quran)" title="Hafiz (Quran)">Hifz</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tajwid" title="Tajwid">Tajwid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarteel" title="Tarteel">Tarteel</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahruf" title="Ahruf">Ahruf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qira%27at" title="Qira'at">Qira'at</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0.2em 0;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:lavender;;background:lavender;padding-top:0.15em;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Quran_translations" title="Quran translations">Translations</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding:0.4em 0.1em 0.2em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_translations_of_the_Quran" title="List of translations of the Quran">List</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/English_translations_of_the_Quran" title="English translations of the Quran">English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmadiyya_translations_of_the_Quran" title="Ahmadiyya translations of the Quran">Ahmadiyya</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0.2em 0;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:lavender;;background:lavender;padding-top:0.15em;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Tafsir" title="Tafsir">Exegesis</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding:0.4em 0.1em 0.2em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tafsir_works" title="List of tafsir works">List</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quranic_hermeneutics" title="Quranic hermeneutics">Hermeneutics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esoteric_interpretation_of_the_Quran" title="Esoteric interpretation of the Quran">Esotericism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naskh_(tafsir)" title="Naskh (tafsir)">Abrogation</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biblical_and_Quranic_narratives" class="mw-redirect" title="Biblical and Quranic narratives">Biblical parallels</a></li></ul> <ul><li><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_related_to_Quranic_verses" title="List of people related to Quranic verses">Related persons</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_characters_and_names_mentioned_in_the_Quran" title="List of characters and names mentioned in the Quran">Mentioned by name</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0.2em 0;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:lavender;;background:lavender;padding-top:0.15em;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Characteristics</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding:0.4em 0.1em 0.2em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/I%27jaz" title="I'jaz">I'jaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quranic_inerrancy" title="Quranic inerrancy">Inerrancy</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0.2em 0;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:lavender;;background:lavender;padding-top:0.15em;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Related</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding:0.4em 0.1em 0.2em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_the_Quran" title="Criticism of the Quran">Criticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attempted_imitations_of_the_Quran" title="Attempted imitations of the Quran">Attempted imitations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hadith_of_the_Quran_and_Sunnah" class="mw-redirect" title="Hadith of the Quran and Sunnah">Quran and Sunnah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quranism" title="Quranism">Quranism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shia_view_of_the_Quran" title="Shia view of the Quran">Shi’a view</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below" style="border:0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Quran" title="Category:Quran">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Islam" title="Portal:Islam">Islam portal</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar" style="padding-top:0;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output 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.navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Quran" title="Template:Quran"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Quran" title="Template talk:Quran"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Quran" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Quran"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>A <b>Meccan surah</b> is, according to the timing and contextual background of their revelation (<i><a href="/wiki/Asb%C4%81b_al-nuz%C5%ABl" class="mw-redirect" title="Asbāb al-nuzūl">asbāb al-nuzūl</a></i>) within <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islamic</a> tradition, a chronologically earlier chapter (<i><a href="/wiki/Suwar" class="mw-redirect" title="Suwar">suwar</a></i>, singular <i><a href="/wiki/S%C5%ABrah" class="mw-redirect" title="Sūrah">sūrah</a></i>) of the <a href="/wiki/Qur%27an" class="mw-redirect" title="Qur'an">Qur'an</a>. The traditional chronological order attributed to <a href="/wiki/Ibn_Abbas" title="Ibn Abbas">Ibn Abbas</a> became widely accepted following its adoption by the 1924 <a href="/wiki/Egyptian_standard_edition" class="mw-redirect" title="Egyptian standard edition">Egyptian standard edition</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Meccan chapters are <a href="/wiki/Revelation_in_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Revelation in Islam">believed to have been revealed</a> anytime before the migration of the Islamic prophet <a href="/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad">Muhammad</a> and his followers from <a href="/wiki/Mecca" title="Mecca">Mecca</a> to <a href="/wiki/Medina" title="Medina">Medina</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Hijra_(Islam)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hijra (Islam)">Hijra</a></i>). The <a href="/wiki/Medinan_surah" title="Medinan surah">Medinan surahs</a> are those revelations which occurred after the move. There are 86 makkan surahs. </p><p>Meccan surahs are typically shorter than Medinan surahs, with relatively short verses (<i><a href="/wiki/%C4%80y%C4%81t" class="mw-redirect" title="Āyāt">āyāt</a></i>), and mostly come near the end of the Qur'an. (As a general rule, the chapters of the Qur'an are ordered from longest to shortest.) Most of the chapters containing <a href="/wiki/Muqatta%27at" class="mw-redirect" title="Muqatta'at">Muqatta'at</a> are Meccan, Except 2, 3 and 13.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The chapters are divided into "Meccan" and "Medinan" sections mostly due to stylistic and thematic factors. Classification of the chapters into these periods is based upon factors such as the length of the verse and the presence or absence of certain key concepts or words (e.g., <i><a href="/wiki/Al-Rahman" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Rahman">al-Rahman</a></i> as the name of God).<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Characteristics_of_Meccan_surahs">Characteristics of Meccan surahs</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meccan_surah&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Characteristics of Meccan surahs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Following are some characteristics of Meccan verses, No 7 and 8 are stylistic characteristics, and the last 4 are content and subject characteristics: </p> <ul><li>Any chapter that has a verse that commands to prostrate to Allah (آيات السجدة) is Meccan, except <a href="/wiki/Surah_13" class="mw-redirect" title="Surah 13">chapters 13</a><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Surah_22" class="mw-redirect" title="Surah 22">22</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Any chapter that contains the word kalla كلا (never) is Meccan, and are found only in the second half of the Qur'an.</li> <li>Any chapter that has the phrase ياأيها الناس <i>Of individual</i>, but does not have the phrase يأيها اللذين آمنوا O you who believe is Meccan except <a href="/wiki/Surah_22" class="mw-redirect" title="Surah 22">chapter 22</a>.</li> <li>Any chapter that start with initial letters <a href="/wiki/Muqattaat" class="mw-redirect" title="Muqattaat">muqattaat</a> are Meccan, except chapters 2,3 and 13.</li> <li>Any chapter that relates the story of <a href="/wiki/Adam" title="Adam">Adam</a> and Iblis (i.e., <a href="/wiki/Satan" title="Satan">Satan</a>) is Meccan, except chapter 2.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Any chapter that relates the stories of previous prophets and their people is Meccan, except <a href="/wiki/Al-Baqara" title="Al-Baqara">chapter 2</a>.</li> <li>Short verses, and strong rhetorical style and rhythmic sound.</li> <li>Repeated use of emphasis, exhortation, analogies and oath.</li> <li>Emphasis on the belief in Allah, the <a href="/wiki/Day_of_Judgement" class="mw-redirect" title="Day of Judgement">Day of Judgement</a> and description of <a href="/wiki/Hell" title="Hell">Hell</a> and Heaven (<a href="/wiki/Paradise" title="Paradise">paradise</a>), except Chapter 2.</li> <li>Call for adherence to good moral and universal characters like truthfulness, kindness to relatives, old and neighbour, etc.</li> <li>Argument with the <a href="/wiki/Polytheists" class="mw-redirect" title="Polytheists">polytheists</a> and refutation of their associating partners with <a href="/wiki/Allah" title="Allah">Allah</a>.</li> <li>Warning the polytheists through stories of previous messengers when punishment came to their people when they rejected their message.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Chronological_order_of_Meccan_surahs">Chronological order of Meccan surahs</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meccan_surah&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Chronological order of Meccan surahs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>One chronological order proposed by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Abu_al-Qasim_%60Umar_ibn_Muhammad_ibn_%60Abd_al-Kafi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abu al-Qasim `Umar ibn Muhammad ibn `Abd al-Kafi (page does not exist)">Abu al-Qasim `Umar ibn Muhammad ibn `Abd al-Kafi</a> and considered the "traditional order"<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> consists of 86 chapters, as follows: </p> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Al-Alaq" title="Al-Alaq">96</a>, 68, 73, 74, 1, 111, 81, 87, 92, 89,</dd> <dd>93, 94, 103, 100, 108, 102, 107, 109, 105, 113,</dd> <dd>114, 112, 53, 80, 97, 91, 85, 95, 106, 101,</dd> <dd>75, 104, 77, 50, 90, 86, 54, 38, 7, 72,</dd> <dd>36, 25, 35, 19, 20, 56, 26, 27, 28, 17,</dd> <dd>10, 11, 12, 15, 6, 37, 31, 34, 39, 40,</dd> <dd>41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 51, 88, 18, 16,</dd> <dd>71, 14, 21, 23, 32, 52, 67, 69, 70, 78,</dd> <dd>79, 82, 84, 30, 29, 83.</dd></dl> <p><a href="/wiki/Theodor_N%C3%B6ldeke" title="Theodor Nöldeke">Theodor Nöldeke</a> proposed a different chronological order, later known as the Nöldeke-Schwally chronology,<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> consisting of 90 chapters, as follows: </p> <ul><li>from the first to the fifth year of Mohammed's mission</li></ul> <dl><dd>96, 74, 111, 106, 108, 104, 107, 102, 105, 92,</dd> <dd>90, 94, 93, 97, 86, 91, 80, 68, 87, 95,</dd> <dd>103, 85, 73, 101, 99, 82, 81, 53, 84, 100,</dd> <dd>79, 77, 78, 88, 89, 75, 83, 69, 51, 52,</dd> <dd>56, 70, 112, 109, 113, 114, 1</dd></dl> <ul><li>the fifth and sixth year of his mission:</li></ul> <dl><dd>54, 37, 71, 76, 44, 50, 20, 26, 15, 19,</dd> <dd>38, 36, 43, 72, 67, 23, 21, 25, 17, 27, 18</dd></dl> <ul><li>from the seventh year to <a href="/wiki/Hijra_(Islam)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hijra (Islam)">Hijra</a>:</li></ul> <dl><dd>32, 41, 45, 16, 30, 11, 14, 12, 40, 28,</dd> <dd>39, 29, 31, 42, 10, 34, 35, 7, 46, 6.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="First_Meccan_surahs">First Meccan surahs</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meccan_surah&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: First Meccan surahs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The First <a href="/wiki/Mecca" title="Mecca">Meccan</a> period refers to the first period in which Muhammad started receiving revelations. The First Meccan <a href="/wiki/Surah" title="Surah">surahs</a> are chapters that have been revealed throughout that period. They reflect the public setting in which they seem to have been shared and due to their structure and length, they seem to be presented in a manner that would be very easy to memorize and pass along orally,<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> not to mention that many of the surahs seem to be used during early liturgies. They are relatively shorter than other chapters in the <a href="/wiki/Quran" title="Quran">Quran</a> but are more diverse in terms of structure. Compared to other later surahs, the surahs of the First Meccan Period employ more rhymes despite their shorter length.<sup id="cite_ref-Ernst_page_76_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ernst_page_76-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They rank from being very short, a paragraph of less than five verses (for example surah 97, 103, 105, 108 and 111) to being organized in clusters of two (surahs 81, 91), three (surahs 82, 84, 86, 90, 92) or four verses (surahs 85, 89).<sup id="cite_ref-Ernst_page_76_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ernst_page_76-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some of these surahs also take on a balanced tripartite structure that begin and conclude with.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (July 2021)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The major theme of these surahs revolves around presenting to humanity how obvious the existence of <a href="/wiki/God" title="God">God</a> is through the use of <a href="/wiki/Oath" title="Oath">oath</a> formulas involving the power of nature in an emphatic tone.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> We especially see the surahs reference destroyed civilizations, declaring their destruction to be the will of God. A stress is put on God being the creator of <a href="/wiki/Earth" title="Earth">Earth</a> and <a href="/wiki/Heaven" title="Heaven">Heaven</a> and everything that lies in between and also His unreachable generosity. In addition, certain surahs generally talk about ethics and values human beings should have, especially the fact that human beings should be humbled by God's power, they should not pursue an extravagant life, be loving and sharing, most particularly with the poorer. Last but not least these surahs contain <a href="/wiki/Eschatological" class="mw-redirect" title="Eschatological">eschatological</a> prophecies.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although not elaborated as in later surahs, these prophecies appear with a threatening tone to make people generally know about the existence of the <a href="/wiki/Last_Judgment" title="Last Judgment">Day of Judgement</a> and all that it encompasses (surah 103, 68, etc.), but also, they contain some of the more visual explanations of Heaven. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Second_Meccan_surahs">Second Meccan surahs</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meccan_surah&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Second Meccan surahs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are 21 surahs in the second <a href="/wiki/Mecca" title="Mecca">Meccan</a> period. These surahs have, on average, <a href="/wiki/Ayah" class="mw-redirect" title="Ayah">ayah</a> between twelve and twenty syllables in length. Some surahs have fewer than fifty ayah, while others, such as surah 20, "<a href="/wiki/Ta-Ha" title="Ta-Ha">Ta-Ha</a>", have well over 100 verses.<sup id="cite_ref-Rob_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rob-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These surahs do not necessarily have distinct features, as the surahs of the first and third Meccan periods do, but instead display a blend of features from both earlier and later Meccan surahs. These middle surahs keep and expand upon the tripartite structure of the verse. According to Ernst,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> surahs that adhere to this structure (common in pre-Islamic Arab poetry)<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="(September 2019)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> will have shorter first and third sections that parallel each other in scope and audience. The third section will "normally conclude with a flourish." These parts bookend a somewhat larger middle section, which is "typically a narrative of prophecy and struggle".<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These surahs also tend to use fewer oaths than earlier Meccan surahs, but take a much more confrontational approach in regards to the disbelievers.<sup id="cite_ref-Rob_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rob-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some surahs in this period adopt a form resembling a <a href="/wiki/Monotheism" title="Monotheism">monotheistic</a> service, as is often seen in later Meccan surahs.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For example, surah 20 begins with a section proclaiming the greatness of God, and then transitions immediately into a story about Moses. After the lengthy story concludes, several verses are devoted to explaining the meaning of the story, especially as it relates to the disbelievers.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Due to the presence of elements from earlier and later Meccan surahs, surahs of the middle Meccan period exemplify the gradual development of the Qur'anic revelations over time, as Muhammad's community slowly grew and changed. This is manifest in the fact that surahs of the second Meccan period tend toward self-referentiality, wherein the Qur'an uses "qur'an" (recitation or the Qu'ran) and "kitaab" (book) to make mention to its own existence (surahs 54, 37, 15, et al.), noting that indeed there is a holy message coming from God. Controversy from these verses have sprung up, wherein the question of the Word's existence is debated. Some believe that the Qur'an existed/exists for all time with God, while others believe that the Qur'an was simply the Word for the Arab peoples of Muhammad from his prophecy onward. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Third_Meccan_surahs">Third Meccan surahs</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meccan_surah&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Third Meccan surahs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Cleanup plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-Cleanup" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/40px-Edit-clear.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/60px-Edit-clear.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/80px-Edit-clear.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section may <b>require <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Cleanup" title="Wikipedia:Cleanup">cleanup</a></b> to meet Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style">quality standards</a>. The specific problem is: <b>Check grammar, syntax and Sp in the last section. Something isn't quite right here.</b><span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Meccan_surah" title="Special:EditPage/Meccan surah">improve this section</a> if you can.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">June 2020</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>This period is marked from the beginning of Muhammad's public ministry to the <a href="/wiki/First_hijra" class="mw-redirect" title="First hijra">Hijra</a>, or the Abyssinian emigration. According to the Yusuf Ali translation, the Third Meccan period refers to the time period from the seventh year to the Hijra, approximately 619-622 A.D. This period is characterized by the persecution of Muhammad and the Muslims by the Quraysh as it expanded to his clan, the <a href="/wiki/Banu_Hashim" title="Banu Hashim">Hashem</a>. To persuade the clan to relent their protection of Muhammad, the <a href="/wiki/Quraysh" title="Quraysh">Quraysh</a> boycotted the Hashem.<sup id="cite_ref-Chronological_Koran_Part_III_2013_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chronological_Koran_Part_III_2013-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Revelations from this period are characterized by descriptions of the resurrection, paradise, and Judgment Day.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In this period, the tripartite structure is abandoned for longer and less complex structure, showing a form of collection that still remains a mystery to scholars. They contain mostly long addresses to the community of the believers (much larger by this time). Also Muhammad begins to be addressed directly by God instead of being used as merely the medium by which God's message is transmitted.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Surahs of this period show the ways in which believers should act even when they face opposition and difficulties.<sup id="cite_ref-Chronological_Koran_Part_III_2013_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chronological_Koran_Part_III_2013-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By the third Meccan period, sensuous imagery of full-bosomed, wide-eyed and virginal maidens have been replaced by references to spouses.<sup id="cite_ref-Robinson,_Neal_2003_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Robinson,_Neal_2003-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> N78/E6o of the Third Meccan Period: 'whoever of their fathers, their spouses and offspring have acted honourably' By the Third Meccan period, Muhammad and the Muslims had gained sufficient support. In the early Meccan periods, these sensuous descriptions and temptations of voluptuous virgins were used to attract the attention of the Meccan pagans however by the Third Meccan period goals had been realigned not to attract pagans but to encourage and foster a law-abiding community centered around worshipping the Word of God.<sup id="cite_ref-Robinson,_Neal_2003_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Robinson,_Neal_2003-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a complete reconstruction of the verses' chronology has been discussed. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meccan_surah&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Medinan_surah" title="Medinan surah">Medinan surah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_chapters_in_the_Quran" title="List of chapters in the Quran">List of chapters in the Quran</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meccan_surah&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Gerhard_B%C3%B6wering" title="Gerhard Böwering">Gerhard Böwering</a>, "Chronology and the Quran", <a href="/wiki/Encyclopaedia_of_the_Qur%27an" class="mw-redirect" title="Encyclopaedia of the Qur'an">Encyclopaedia of the Qur'an</a>, Vol. 1, <a href="/wiki/Brill_Publishers" title="Brill Publishers">Brill</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://textminingthequran.com/wiki/Makki_and_Madani_Surahs">http://textminingthequran.com/wiki/Makki_and_Madani_Surahs</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101031192703/http://textminingthequran.com/wiki/Makki_and_Madani_Surahs">Archived</a> 2010-10-31 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(in Reviews) <i>Studie zur Komposition der mekkanischen Suren</i> by Angelika Neuwirth, Review author[s]: A. Rippin, <i>Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies</i>, University of London, Vol. 45, No. 1. (1982), pp. 149-150.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://al-quran.info/#13:1">"The Quran"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Quran&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fal-quran.info%2F%2313%3A1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMeccan+surah" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://al-quran.info/#22:1">"The Quran"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Quran&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fal-quran.info%2F%2322%3A1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMeccan+surah" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Al-Baqara" title="Al-Baqara">Al-Baqara</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Edgecomb, Kevin P. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bombaxo.com/chronsurs.html">"Chronological Order of Quranic Surahs"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180113191410/http://www.bombaxo.com/chronsurs.html">Archived</a> 2018-01-13 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Accessed 14 July 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Nöldeke Theodor, Bersträsser Gotthelf, Pretzl Otto, Geschichte des Qorans von Theodor Nöldeke ; bearbeitet von Friedrich Schwally, Hidesheim, G. Holms, 1981. 1. ISBN 3-487-00105-5. 1909-1938</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=N%C3%B6ldeke+Theodor%2C+Berstr%C3%A4sser+Gotthelf%2C+Pretzl+Otto%2C+Geschichte+des+Qorans+von+Theodor+N%C3%B6ldeke+%3B+bearbeitet+von+Friedrich+Schwally%2C+Hidesheim%2C+G.+Holms%2C+1981.+1.+ISBN+3-487-00105-5.+1909-1938.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMeccan+surah" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://oce.catholic.com/index.php?title=Koran">Koran - Original Catholic Encyclopedia</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110725232750/http://oce.catholic.com/index.php?title=Koran">Archived</a> 2011-07-25 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">McAuliffe, Jane Dammen. "The Cambridge Companion to the Quran". Cambridge: 2006. 110</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ernst_page_76-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ernst_page_76_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ernst_page_76_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">How to Read the Quran by Ernst, page 76</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">How to Read the Quran by Ernst, page 77</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">McAuliffe, 108</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rob-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Rob_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rob_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Robinson, Neal. Discovering the Qurʼan: A Contemporary Approach to a Veiled Text. Washington, D.C.: Georgetown UP, 2003. Print.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ernst, 105</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">McAuliffe</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Haleem, Abdel. The Qur'an. New York: Oxford UP, 2010. Print.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Chronological_Koran_Part_III_2013-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Chronological_Koran_Part_III_2013_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Chronological_Koran_Part_III_2013_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">"Chronological Koran Part III: Late Meccan Period: A.D. 619-622." Wolf Pangloss. N.p., n.d. Web. 31 Oct. 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Koran." - Original Catholic Encyclopedia. N.p., n.d. Web. 31 Oct. 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">McAuliffe, 111</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Robinson,_Neal_2003-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Robinson,_Neal_2003_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Robinson,_Neal_2003_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Robinson, Neal. Discovering the Qurʼan: A Contemporary Approach to a Veiled Text. Washington, D.C.: Georgetown UP, 2003. 88-92.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nassourou, Mohamadou (2013), "The Qurʾanic verses: history, computer-supported reconstruction of the order of revelation, examining the concept of abrogation", AVM - Akademische Verlagsgemeinschaft, Munich, Germany, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3869244754" title="Special:BookSources/978-3869244754">978-3869244754</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid 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.navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Chapters_of_the_Quran_(List)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Sura" title="Template:Sura"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Sura" title="Template talk:Sura"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Sura" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Sura"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Chapters_of_the_Quran_(List)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Surah" title="Surah">Chapters of the Quran</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_chapters_in_the_Quran" title="List of chapters in the Quran">List</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1–20</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Fatiha" title="Al-Fatiha">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Baqara" title="Al-Baqara">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Imran" title="Al Imran">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/An-Nisa" title="An-Nisa">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Ma%27idah" title="Al-Ma'idah">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-An%27am" title="Al-An'am">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-A%27raf" title="Al-A'raf">7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Anfal" title="Al-Anfal">8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/At-Tawbah" title="At-Tawbah">9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yunus_(surah)" title="Yunus (surah)">10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hud_(surah)" title="Hud (surah)">11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yusuf_(surah)" title="Yusuf (surah)">12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ar-Ra%27d" title="Ar-Ra'd">13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_(surah)" title="Ibrahim (surah)">14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Hejr" title="Al Hejr">15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/An-Nahl" title="An-Nahl">16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Isra%27" title="Al-Isra'">17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Kahf" title="Al-Kahf">18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maryam_(surah)" title="Maryam (surah)">19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ta-Ha" title="Ta-Ha">20</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">21–40</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Anbiya" title="Al-Anbiya">21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Hajj" title="Al-Hajj">22</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Mu%27minun" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Mu'minun">23</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/An-Nur" title="An-Nur">24</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Furqan" title="Al-Furqan">25</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ash-Shu%27ara" title="Ash-Shu'ara">26</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/An-Naml" title="An-Naml">27</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Qasas" title="Al-Qasas">28</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Ankabut" title="Al-Ankabut">29</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ar-Rum" title="Ar-Rum">30</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luqman_(s%C5%ABrah)" title="Luqman (sūrah)">31</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/As-Sajdah" title="As-Sajdah">32</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-A%E1%B8%A5z%C4%81b" title="Al-Aḥzāb">33</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saba_(surah)" title="Saba (surah)">34</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatir" title="Fatir">35</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ya-Sin" title="Ya-Sin">36</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/As-Saaffat" title="As-Saaffat">37</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E1%B9%A2%C4%81d_(surah)" title="Ṣād (surah)">38</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Az-Zumar" title="Az-Zumar">39</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghafir" title="Ghafir">40</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">41–60</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fussilat" title="Fussilat">41</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ash-Shura" title="Ash-Shura">42</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Az-Zukhruf" title="Az-Zukhruf">43</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ad-Dukhan" title="Ad-Dukhan">44</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Jathiya" title="Al-Jathiya">45</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Ahqaf" title="Al-Ahqaf">46</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_(surah)" title="Muhammad (surah)">47</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Fath" title="Al-Fath">48</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Hujurat" title="Al-Hujurat">49</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qaf_(surah)" title="Qaf (surah)">50</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adh-Dhariyat" title="Adh-Dhariyat">51</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/At-Tur" title="At-Tur">52</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/An-Najm" title="An-Najm">53</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Qamar" title="Al-Qamar">54</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ar-Rahman" title="Ar-Rahman">55</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Waqi%27a" title="Al-Waqi'a">56</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Hadid" title="Al-Hadid">57</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Mujadila" title="Al-Mujadila">58</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Hashr" title="Al-Hashr">59</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Mumtahanah" title="Al-Mumtahanah">60</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">61–80</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/As-Saff" title="As-Saff">61</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Jumu%27ah" title="Al-Jumu'ah">62</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Munafiqun" title="Al-Munafiqun">63</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/At-Taghabun" title="At-Taghabun">64</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/At-Talaq" title="At-Talaq">65</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/At-Tahrim" title="At-Tahrim">66</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Mulk" title="Al-Mulk">67</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Qalam" title="Al-Qalam">68</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Haqqa" title="Al-Haqqa">69</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Maarij" title="Al-Maarij">70</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C5%AB%E1%B8%A5" title="Nūḥ">71</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Jinn" title="Al-Jinn">72</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Muzzammil" title="Al-Muzzammil">73</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Muddaththir" title="Al-Muddaththir">74</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Qiyama" title="Al-Qiyama">75</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Insan" title="Al-Insan">76</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Mursalat" title="Al-Mursalat">77</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/An-Naba" title="An-Naba">78</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Nazi%27at" title="Al-Nazi'at">79</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abasa" title="Abasa">80</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">81–100</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/At-Takwir" title="At-Takwir">81</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Infitar" title="Al-Infitar">82</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Mutaffifin" title="Al-Mutaffifin">83</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Inshiqaq" title="Al-Inshiqaq">84</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Burooj" title="Al-Burooj">85</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/At-Tariq" title="At-Tariq">86</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Ala" title="Al-Ala">87</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Ghashiyah" title="Al-Ghashiyah">88</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Fajr_(surah)" title="Al-Fajr (surah)">89</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Balad" title="Al-Balad">90</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ash-Shams" title="Ash-Shams">91</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Lail" title="Al-Lail">92</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ad-Dhuha" title="Ad-Dhuha">93</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ash-Sharh" title="Ash-Sharh">94</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/At-Tin" title="At-Tin">95</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Alaq" title="Al-Alaq">96</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Qadr_(surah)" title="Al-Qadr (surah)">97</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Bayyina" title="Al-Bayyina">98</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Zalzalah" title="Al-Zalzalah">99</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Adiyat" title="Al-Adiyat">100</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">101–114</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Qaria" title="Al-Qaria">101</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/At-Takathur" title="At-Takathur">102</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Asr" title="Al-Asr">103</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Humazah" title="Al-Humazah">104</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Fil" title="Al-Fil">105</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quraysh_(surah)" title="Quraysh (surah)">106</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Ma%27un" title="Al-Ma'un">107</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Kawthar" title="Al-Kawthar">108</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Kafirun" title="Al-Kafirun">109</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/An-Nasr" title="An-Nasr">110</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Masad" title="Al-Masad">111</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Ikhlas" title="Al-Ikhlas">112</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Falaq" title="Al-Falaq">113</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Nas" title="Al-Nas">114</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Meccan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medinan_surah" title="Medinan surah">Medinan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Musabbihat" title="Al-Musabbihat">Al-Musabbihat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Four_Quls" title="Category:Four Quls">Four Quls</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hadith" title="Hadith">Hadith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tafsir" title="Tafsir">Tafsir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seerah" class="mw-redirect" title="Seerah">Seerah</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Meccan_surah&oldid=1259484987">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Meccan_surah&oldid=1259484987</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a 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