Depression - symptoms, types, treatment

<!DOCTYPE html>  <html lang="en-AU"> <head> <title>Depression - symptoms, types, treatment | healthdirect</title> <script src="https://www.google.com/recaptcha/api.js?render=6LeuO7AbAAAAAFFZKM3tkkJpyASWHzTJ-_fpMK7y" async defer></script> <meta name="apple-itunes-app" content="app-id=1021494621"> <meta name="description" content="Depression is a common condition, affecting how you feel, think and act. It’s often treatable and likely to improve with a doctor’s support."> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> <meta name="referrer" content="always" /> <meta name="DC.Format" schema="DCterms:IMT" content="text/html" /><meta name="DC.Type" content="text/html"> <meta name="DC.Title" xml:lang="EN" content="Depression - symptoms, types, treatment" /> <meta name="DC.Creator" content="Healthdirect Australia"> <meta name="DC.Subject" xml:lang="EN" content="Depression,Mental health"> <meta name="DC.Publisher" content="Healthdirect Australia"> <meta name="DC.Date" scheme="ISO8601" content="2024-10-03T00:33:46.816Z"> <meta name="DC.Description" xml:lang="EN" content="Depression is a common condition, affecting how you feel, think and act. It’s often treatable and likely to improve with a doctor’s support."> <meta name="DC.Rights" content="Healthdirect Australia"> <meta name="DC.Language" content="en-AU"> <meta property="og:title" content="Depression" > <meta property="og:type" content="article" > <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/depression" > <meta property="og:image" content="https://media.healthdirect.org.au/images/inline/original/healthdirect_logo.png"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/depression"> <link rel="amphtml" href="https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/amp/article/depression"> <script type="application/ld+json">{"mainEntity":[{"@type":"Question","name":"What is depression?","@id":"https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/depression#Question1","acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","name":"What is depression? Answer","text":"Depression is one of the most common of all mental health conditions and impacts many Australians every day. While we all get sad, feel low or lacking in energy at times, people with depression experience these feelings more intensely and for longer. They can find it difficult to carry on with regular daily tasks during periods of depression. Depression is common — it affects 1 in 7 Australians. If you or someone you care about is experiencing an episode of intensely low mood, remember that depression can be treated and support is available. It’s important to seek help.","@id":"https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/depression#Answer1"}},{"@type":"Question","name":"What are the symptoms of depression?","@id":"https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/depression#Question2","acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","name":"What are the symptoms of depression? Answer","text":"Symptoms of depression involve the way a person feels, thinks and behaves. There are also physical signs of depression. People with depression may feel: sad or teary overwhelmed guilty restless or angry lacking in confidence hopeless or disappointed People with depression may have recurring negative thoughts, such as: 'I’m no good.' 'It’s all my fault.' 'Life’s not worth living.' 'People would be better off without me.' People with depression may also have altered behaviours, such as: not taking part in activities and hobbies they used to enjoy staying in, rather than going out socially being less productive at school or work drinking more alcohol losing interest in sex People with depression may also experience these physical symptoms: sleep problems: difficulty sleeping and/or feeling tired during the day changed appetite with or without weight loss or gain feeling run down or sick headaches muscle pain churning stomach While people with depression can experience any symptom, males and females will often experience and report symptoms differently. Males are more likely to talk about the physical symptoms of depression such as feeling tired, and feelings such as irritability or anger, rather than saying they feel low. If you or someone you care about has been experiencing these signs and symptoms for 2 weeks or more, it’s time to get some help from a health professional, such as your GP.","@id":"https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/depression#Answer2"}},{"@type":"Question","name":"What are the different types of depressive disorder?","@id":"https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/depression#Question3","acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","name":"What are the different types of depressive disorder? Answer","text":"There are several types of depression. While they are all characterised by intense low mood, there are also important differences. Major depression Major depression is also known as major depressive disorder. The most recognised symptom is low mood and loss of interest in activities that you once considered pleasurable. These symptoms can be mild, moderate or severe, but usually interfere with your daily life and relationships. The low mood persists for at least 2 weeks, and will be experienced on most days. Sub-types of major depression include: melancholic depression, a severe form of depression that includes physical as well as emotional symptoms psychotic depression, which includes hallucinations (hearing or seeing people or things that aren't there); delusions (false beliefs that other people don’t experience or agree with); or paranoia (feeling suspicious of other people or feeling that everyone is against them) Bipolar disorder Bipolar disorder is characterised by extreme mood changes that disrupt daily life. Symptoms of manic episodes include: extremely high energy in speech and activity agitation reduced need for sleep finding it hard to focus Symptoms of depressive episodes are similar to those of major depression. People who have bipolar disorder can also experience episodes of psychosis (hallucinations, delusions and/or paranoia). Cyclothymic disorder Cyclothymic disorder is sometimes described as a milder form of bipolar disorder. The person experiences changing moods for at least 2 years. They have periods of hypomania (a mild-to-moderate level of mania) and episodes of depressive symptoms. They may also have very short periods of even moods, with fewer than 2 months in between. Symptoms tend to be less severe and are shorter lasting than in bipolar disorder or major depression. Dysthymic disorder Dysthymic disorder is similar to major depression, but with fewer severe symptoms that persist for at least 2 years. Seasonal affective disorder Seasonal affective disorder (SAD) is a mood disorder (either depression or mania) that has a seasonal pattern. Depressive symptoms tend to start in winter and fade by spring. It can take several winters to diagnose this type of depression. SAD is thought to be triggered by changes in exposure to light in the winter and is more common in countries with short days and long periods of darkness, such as in the cold climate areas of the Northern Hemisphere. SAD is very rare in Australia. Perinatal depression Perinatal and postnatal depression occurs during pregnancy or after the birth of a baby and affects up to 1 in every 5 females in Australia. It is associated with the challenges and demands of parenthood as well as changes in hormones. For males, new routines and roles can also trigger depression. While tiredness and irritability are normal during pregnancy and after the baby is born, if you or your partner experience low mood that persists for more than 2 weeks, it’s important to talk to your GP or community health nurse about whether it may be perinatal depression. All types of depression can be treated and the earlier you seek support, the better. Speak with your doctor about which treatment might be most effective for you.","@id":"https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/depression#Answer3"}},{"@type":"Question","name":"What are the possible causes of depression?","@id":"https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/depression#Question4","acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","name":"What are the possible causes of depression? Answer","text":"Every person with depression is different, and everyone with depression has a unique set of circumstances. Usually, a combination of factors will contribute to your mood. While you often can't pinpoint the cause of the depression, understanding the circumstances can sometimes help you understand how to best manage it. External factors Life events associated with depression include: long-term unemployment living in an abusive or uncaring relationship long-term isolation or loneliness constant work stress Recent life events such as losing your job, illness, an accident, or the death of someone close to you can trigger depression — particularly if you are already at risk. Many Australians have been affected by events such as the COVID-19 pandemic and natural disasters such as bushfires. Events like this can sometimes trigger symptoms of anxiety and depression. Internal factors Personal factors that may leave you more vulnerable to depression include: family history certain personality traits, such as perfectionism, low self-esteem and a tendency to worry drug and alcohol use can leave you more vulnerable to depression People with a family history of depression are at greater risk, possibly because of genetic factors. However not everyone who has a parent or sibling with depression will develop it themselves. Drug and alcohol use can be both the cause and a consequence of depression. Reducing alcohol consumption can be very helpful for people with depression. You can get help from the National Alcohol and Other Drug Hotline on 1800 250 015. Complex chemical changes occur in the body, particularly in the brain, when people have depression. Medical conditions can affect the way your brain regulates your moods. Many of the medicines used to treat depression work on these chemical aspects of depression.","@id":"https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/depression#Answer4"}},{"@type":"Question","name":"How is depression diagnosed?","@id":"https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/depression#Question5","acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","name":"How is depression diagnosed? Answer","text":"If you are concerned about your mental health, or the mental health of someone you care about, it’s important you speak with a health professional, such as a GP. A mental health assessment usually involves a discussion or answering a questionnaire, as well as a physical examination. This will help your doctor identify the cause of your symptoms. Your doctor will want to understand how you feel and think, and check for any symptoms of depression, such as in your energy levels, appetite, sleep and whether you are feeling restless, hopeless or sad. If you have a family history of mental illness — either depression or some other condition — tell your GP, as this can help with your diagnosis. Your answers will also help your GP decide if a specialist such as a counsellor, psychologist or psychiatrist might be helpful.","@id":"https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/depression#Answer5"}},{"@type":"Question","name":"When should I see my doctor?","@id":"https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/depression#Question6","acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","name":"When should I see my doctor? Answer","text":"If you are experiencing symptoms of depression, its best to seek help early. The sooner your symptoms are addressed, the better the outcome will likely be. Your GP is a good place to start. Seek help: if you are feeling sad, teary or overwhelmed most of the time if these feelings have been with you for 2 weeks or more if your low mood affects how you cope at home, work or school Some people with depression feel that life is too difficult, not worth living or even that they themselves are worthless. If you are experiencing suicidal thoughts, don’t wait — seek help now.","@id":"https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/depression#Answer6"}},{"@type":"Question","name":"How is depression treated?","@id":"https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/depression#Question7","acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","name":"How is depression treated? Answer","text":"Depression is a serious health issue and should be managed by a qualified health practitioner. Your GP can assess your mood and your overall health, and will suggest treatment approaches based on several factors, including what type of depression you have, how severe your symptoms are, and whether you are experiencing a first or recurrent episode. There are 3 main approaches to treating depression: lifestyle changes — including reducing substance use, improving sleep, exercise) psychological treatments — including ‘talking therapies’ such as CBT, mindfulness and online therapies physical therapies — including medicines and ECT Often these treatments are used in combination. A wide range of medicines are used to treat depression. Your doctor will work with you to find the one that is right for you. It can take several weeks for an antidepressant medicine to work fully, and often your doctor may need to adjust your dose. It is important that you receive full support during this time. If you need support, Beyond Blue has a free and confidential telephone or online chat counselling support line with trained mental health professionals. There may be a wait before a counsellor is available. By working with your doctor, and drawing on the support available, there is a good chance your depression will improve.","@id":"https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/depression#Answer7"}},{"@type":"Question","name":"Can depression be prevented?","@id":"https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/depression#Question8","acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","name":"Can depression be prevented? Answer","text":"Even if you are more vulnerable to depression, there is plenty you can do to keep symptoms away. Some proven strategies to help you stay well include: exercising avoiding harmful levels of alcohol and other substance use getting adequate sleep reducing anxiety, such as through relaxation techniques staying sociable, so you avoid becoming isolated","@id":"https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/depression#Answer8"}},{"@type":"Question","name":"What are the complications of depression?","@id":"https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/depression#Question9","acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","name":"What are the complications of depression? Answer","text":"When depression becomes very severe, you can experience dark thoughts, and these can even lead to suicide. If you are having thoughts of suicide, talking to someone you trust can help. If someone you care about has severe depression, learn the warning signs, since they may be feeling so bad that they can’t see their way out alone.","@id":"https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/depression#Answer9"}}],"audience":{"disambiguatingDescription":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patient_(disambiguation)","@type":"MedicalAudience","name":"Patient","description":"A patient is any recipient of health care services.","alternateName":"health care consumer","@id":"http://schemaapp.com/db/Healthdirect_Australia/Audience_Patient","sameAs":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patient"},"@type":"FAQPage","name":"Depression","about":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mental_health","description":"Depression is a common condition, affecting how you feel, think and act. It’s often treatable and likely to improve with a doctor’s support.","@id":"https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/depression","@context":"http://schema.org","url":"https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/depression","sameAs":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Major_depressive_disorder","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Depression_(mood)"]}</script> <script src="https://cdn-oc.readspeaker.com/script/8207/webReader/webReader.js?pids=wr" type="text/javascript" id="rs_req_Init"></script> <script> dataLayer = []; </script>  <script>(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-MHFB33K');</script>  <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="/assets/images/apple-touch-icon.png"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="512x512" href="/assets/images/android-chrome-512x512.png"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="192x192" href="/assets/images/android-chrome-192x192.png"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="32x32" href="/assets/images/favicon-32x32.png"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="16x16" href="/assets/images/favicon-16x16.png">  <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/assets/711/styles/main.css"> <style type="text/css"> .grecaptcha-badge{ display:none; 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}; function onError(error) {}</script> </div> </div> <script type="text/javascript"> initialiseSocialShare('socialshare-node-desktop-mode', "https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/depression"); </script> </span> </div> <div id="readspeaker_button1" class="rs_skip rsbtn rs_preserve"> <a rel="nofollow" class="rsbtn_play" accesskey="L" title="Listen to this page using ReadSpeaker" href="//app-oc.readspeaker.com/cgi-bin/rsent?customerid=8207&lang=en_au&readid=mainContentArticleText&url=https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/depression"> <span class="rsbtn_left rsimg rspart"><span class="rsbtn_text"><span>Listen</span></span></span> <span class="rsbtn_right rsimg rsplay rspart"></span> </a> </div> </header> <div class="main_content-body-text"><div class="cont_layout-container"> <div class="cont_layout-media-object"> <i class="cont_layout-media-object-left dor-icon_warning" style="color:#e25553; font-size: 36px;"></i> <p class="cont_layout-media-object-right cont_label-small"><strong>If you or someone you care about is having suicidal thoughts, call triple zero (000) and ask for an ambulance, or go to your nearest hospital emergency department.</strong></p> </div> </div> <div class="cont_layout-standout"> <h2 id="key-facts">Key facts</h2> <ul> <li>Depression is a common mental health condition that affects many Australians every day.</li> <li>Depression affects how you feel, think and behave, and there are physical symptoms as well.</li> <li>Symptoms of depression may include feeling overwhelmed by sadness throughout the day for 2 weeks or more, and often involves sleep and appetite changes.</li> <li>Depression can be treated with medicines and through other approaches, and you can ask your GP for support and advice.</li> <li>If you or someone close to you is talking about self-harm or suicide, do not ignore this — seek urgent medical attention, or call triple zero (000) and ask for an ambulance, or go to your nearest hospital emergency department.</li> </ul> </div> <nav class="cont_nav-index-table__double-col"> <h2>On this page</h2> <ul> <li><a href="#what-is">What is depression?</a></li> <li><a href="#symptoms">What are the symptoms of depression?</a></li> <li><a href="#types">What are the different types of depressive disorder?</a></li> <li><a href="#causes">What are the possible causes of depression?</a></li> <li><a href="#diagnosis">How is depression diagnosed?</a></li> <li><a href="#doctor">When should I see my doctor?</a></li> <li><a href="#treatment">How is depression treated?</a></li> <li><a href="#prevention">Can depression be prevented?</a></li> <li><a href="#complications">Complications of depression</a></li> <li><a href="#resources">Resources and support</a></li> <li><a href="#searchGeneralResults">Related information on Australian websites</a></li> </ul> </nav> <h2 id="what-is">What is depression?</h2> <p>Depression is one of the most common of all mental health conditions and impacts many Australians every day.</p> <p>While we all get sad, feel low or lacking in energy at times, people with depression experience these feelings more intensely and for longer. They can find it difficult to carry on with regular daily tasks during periods of depression.</p> <p>Depression is common — it affects 1 in 7 Australians. If you or <a href="/supporting-someone-with-a-mental-illness">someone you care about</a> is experiencing an episode of intensely low mood, remember that depression can be treated and support is available. It’s important to seek help.</p> <h2 id="symptoms">What are the symptoms of depression?</h2> <p>Symptoms of depression involve the way a person feels, thinks and behaves. There are also physical signs of depression.</p> <p>People with depression may feel:</p> <ul> <li>sad or teary</li> <li>overwhelmed</li> <li>guilty</li> <li><a href="/feeling-restless">restless</a> or angry</li> <li>lacking in confidence</li> <li>hopeless or disappointed</li> </ul> <p>People with depression may have recurring negative thoughts, such as:</p> <ul> <li>'I’m no good.'</li> <li>'It’s all my fault.'</li> <li>'Life’s not worth living.'</li> <li>'People would be better off without me.'</li> </ul> <p>People with depression may also have altered behaviours, such as:</p> <ul> <li>not taking part in activities and hobbies they used to enjoy</li> <li>staying in, rather than going out socially</li> <li>being less productive at school or work</li> <li>drinking more alcohol</li> <li>losing interest in sex</li> </ul> <p>People with depression may also experience these physical symptoms:</p> <ul> <li><a href="/insomnia">sleep problems</a>: difficulty sleeping and/or feeling tired during the day</li> <li>changed appetite with or without weight loss or gain</li> <li>feeling run down or sick</li> <li><a href="/headaches">headaches</a></li> <li>muscle pain</li> <li>churning stomach</li> </ul> <p>While people with depression can experience any symptom, males and females will often experience and report symptoms differently. <a href="/depression-in-men">Males</a> are more likely to talk about the physical symptoms of depression such as feeling tired, and feelings such as irritability or anger, rather than saying they feel low.</p> <p>If you or someone you care about has been experiencing these signs and symptoms for 2 weeks or more, it’s time to get some help from a health professional, such as your GP.</p> <a href="/symptom-checker" class="cont_layout-media-object__icon-standout"> <i class="cont_layout-media-object__icon-standout-left dor-icon_user-md"></i> <p class="cont_layout-media-object__icon-standout-right"><strong>CHECK YOUR SYMPTOMS</strong> — Use the <strong class="cont_underline">Symptom Checker</strong> and find out if you need to seek medical help.</p> </a> <h2 id="types">What are the different types of depressive disorder?</h2> <p>There are several types of depression. While they are all characterised by intense low mood, there are also important differences.</p> <h3>Major depression</h3> <p>Major depression is also known as major depressive disorder. The most recognised symptom is low mood and loss of interest in activities that you once considered pleasurable.</p> <p>These symptoms can be mild, moderate or severe, but usually interfere with your daily life and relationships. The low mood persists for at least 2 weeks, and will be experienced on most days. Sub-types of major depression include:</p> <ul> <li><strong>melancholic depression</strong>, a severe form of depression that includes physical as well as emotional symptoms</li> <li><strong>psychotic depression</strong>, which includes hallucinations (hearing or seeing people or things that aren't there); <a href="/delusions">delusions</a> (false beliefs that other people don’t experience or agree with); or <a href="/paranoia">paranoia</a> (feeling suspicious of other people or feeling that everyone is against them)</li> </ul> <h3>Bipolar disorder</h3> <p><a href="/bipolar-disorder">Bipolar disorder</a> is characterised by extreme mood changes that disrupt daily life. Symptoms of manic episodes include:</p> <ul> <li>extremely high energy in speech and activity</li> <li>agitation</li> <li>reduced need for sleep</li> <li>finding it hard to focus</li> </ul> <p>Symptoms of depressive episodes are similar to those of major depression. People who have bipolar disorder can also experience episodes of <a href="/psychosis">psychosis</a> (hallucinations, delusions and/or paranoia).</p> <h3>Cyclothymic disorder</h3> <p>Cyclothymic disorder is sometimes described as a milder form of bipolar disorder. The person experiences changing moods for at least 2 years. They have periods of hypomania (a mild-to-moderate level of mania) and episodes of depressive symptoms. They may also have very short periods of even moods, with fewer than 2 months in between. Symptoms tend to be less severe and are shorter lasting than in bipolar disorder or major depression.</p> <h3>Dysthymic disorder</h3> <p>Dysthymic disorder is similar to major depression, but with fewer severe symptoms that persist for at least 2 years.</p> <h3>Seasonal affective disorder</h3> <p><a href="/seasonal-affective-disorder">Seasonal affective disorder (SAD)</a> is a mood disorder (either depression or mania) that has a seasonal pattern. Depressive symptoms tend to start in winter and fade by spring. It can take several winters to diagnose this type of depression.</p> <p>SAD is thought to be triggered by changes in exposure to light in the winter and is more common in countries with short days and long periods of darkness, such as in the cold climate areas of the Northern Hemisphere. SAD is very rare in Australia.</p> <h3>Perinatal depression</h3> <p>Perinatal and <a href="/postnatal-depression">postnatal depression</a> occurs during pregnancy or after the birth of a baby and affects up to 1 in every 5 females in Australia. It is associated with the challenges and demands of parenthood as well as changes in hormones.</p> <p>For males, new routines and roles can also trigger depression.</p> <p>While tiredness and irritability are normal during pregnancy and after the baby is born, if you or your partner experience low mood that persists for more than 2 weeks, it’s important to talk to your GP or community health nurse about whether it may be perinatal depression.</p> <p>All types of depression can be treated and the earlier you seek support, the better. Speak with your doctor about which treatment might be most effective for you.</p> <h2 id="causes">What are the possible causes of depression?</h2> <p>Every person with depression is different, and everyone with depression has a unique set of circumstances. Usually, a combination of factors will contribute to your mood. While you often can't pinpoint the cause of the depression, understanding the circumstances can sometimes help you understand how to best manage it.</p> <h3>External factors</h3> <p><a href="/dealing-with-life-events">Life events</a> associated with depression include:</p> <ul> <li>long-term unemployment</li> <li>living in an <a href="/domestic-violence-and-abusive-relationships">abusive or uncaring relationship</a></li> <li>long-term <a href="/loneliness-isolation-mental-health">isolation or loneliness</a></li> <li>constant <a href="/workplace-mental-health">work stress</a></li> </ul> <p>Recent <a href="/dealing-with-life-events">life events</a> such as losing your job, illness, an accident, or the death of someone close to you can trigger depression — particularly if you are already at risk.</p> <p>Many Australians have been affected by events such as the <a href="/covid-19">COVID-19</a> pandemic and <a href="/natural-disasters">natural disasters</a> such as <a href="/bushfire-health-and-safety">bushfires</a>. Events like this can sometimes trigger symptoms of <a href="/anxiety-related-disorders">anxiety</a> and depression.</p> <h3>Internal factors</h3> <p>Personal factors that may leave you more vulnerable to depression include:</p> <ul> <li>family history</li> <li>certain personality traits, such as perfectionism, low <a href="/self-esteem">self-esteem</a> and a tendency to worry</li> <li><a href="/drugs-and-alcohol">drug and alcohol use</a> can leave you more vulnerable to depression</li> </ul> <p>People with a family history of depression are at greater risk, possibly because of genetic factors. However not everyone who has a parent or sibling with depression will develop it themselves.</p> <p>Drug and <a href="/how-alcohol-affects-your-health">alcohol</a> use can be both the cause and a consequence of depression. Reducing alcohol consumption can be very helpful for people with depression. You can get help from the <a href="https://www.health.gov.au/contacts/national-alcohol-and-other-drug-hotline" target="_blank" aria-label="Link opens in a new tab.">National Alcohol and Other Drug Hotline </a>on 1800 250 015.</p> <p>Complex chemical changes occur in the body, particularly in the brain, when people have depression. Medical conditions can affect the way your brain regulates your moods. Many of the medicines used to treat depression work on these chemical aspects of depression.</p> <h2 id="diagnosis">How is depression diagnosed?</h2> <p>If you are concerned about your mental health, or the mental health of someone you care about, it’s important you speak with a <a href="/talking-to-your-doctor-gp-about-mental-health">health professional</a>, such as a GP. A <a href="/mental-illness">mental health assessment</a> usually involves a discussion or answering a questionnaire, as well as a physical examination. This will help your doctor identify the cause of your symptoms.</p> <p>Your doctor will want to understand how you feel and think, and check for any symptoms of depression, such as in your energy levels, appetite, sleep and whether you are feeling restless, hopeless or sad.</p> <p>If you have a family history of mental illness — either depression or some other condition — tell your GP, as this can help with your diagnosis.</p> <p>Your answers will also help your GP decide if a specialist such as a <a href="/counsellors-and-counselling">counsellor, psychologist or psychiatrist</a> might be helpful.</p> <h2 id="doctor">When should I see my doctor?</h2> <p>If you are experiencing symptoms of depression, its best to seek help early. The sooner your symptoms are addressed, the better the outcome will likely be. Your GP is a good place to start. Seek help:</p> <ul> <li>if you are feeling sad, teary or overwhelmed most of the time</li> <li>if these feelings have been with you for 2 weeks or more</li> <li>if your low mood affects how you cope at home, work or school</li> </ul> <p>Some people with depression feel that life is too difficult, not worth living or even that they themselves are <a href="/feeling-worthless">worthless</a>. If you are experiencing suicidal thoughts, don’t wait — seek help now.</p> <a href="/australian-health-services" class="cont_layout-media-object__icon-standout"> <i class="cont_layout-media-object__icon-standout-left dor-icon_hospital"></i> <p class="cont_layout-media-object__icon-standout-right"><strong>FIND A HEALTH SERVICE</strong> — The <strong class="cont_underline">Service Finder</strong> can help you find doctors, pharmacies, hospitals and other health services.</p> </a> <a href="/question-builder" class="cont_layout-media-object__icon-standout"> <i class="cont_layout-media-object__icon-standout-left dor-icon_question"></i> <p class="cont_layout-media-object__icon-standout-right"><strong>ASK YOUR DOCTOR</strong> — Preparing for an appointment? Use the <strong class="cont_underline">Question Builder</strong> for general tips on what to ask your GP or specialist.</p> </a> <h3>Suicide and crisis support</h3> <p>If you or someone close to you is in an emergency, or at immediate risk of harm, call triple zero (000) and ask for an ambulance.</p> <p>To talk to someone now, call <a href="https://www.lifeline.org.au/" target="_blank" aria-label="Link opens in a new tab.">Lifeline</a> on 13 11 14 or the <a href="https://www.suicidecallbackservice.org.au/" target="_blank" aria-label="Link opens in a new tab.">Suicide Call Back Service</a> on 1300 659 467.</p> <h2 id="treatment">How is depression treated?</h2> <p>Depression is a serious health issue and should be managed by a qualified health practitioner. Your GP can assess your mood and your overall health, and will suggest treatment approaches based on several factors, including what type of depression you have, how severe your symptoms are, and whether you are experiencing a first or recurrent episode.</p> <p>There are 3 main approaches to treating depression:</p> <ul> <li>lifestyle changes — including reducing <a href="/substance-abuse">substance use</a>, improving sleep, exercise)</li> <li>psychological treatments — including ‘talking therapies’ such as <a href="/cognitive-behaviour-therapy-cbt">CBT</a>, <a href="/mindfulness">mindfulness</a> and <a href="/etherapy">online therapies</a></li> <li>physical therapies — including medicines and <a href="/electroconvulsive-therapy-ect">ECT</a></li> </ul> <p>Often these treatments are used in combination.</p> <p>A wide range of <a href="/antidepressants">medicines</a> are used to treat depression. Your doctor will work with you to find the one that is right for you. It can take several weeks for an <a href="/antidepressants">antidepressant medicine</a> to work fully, and often your doctor may need to adjust your dose.</p> <p>It is important that you receive full support during this time. If you need support, <a href="https://www.beyondblue.org.au/get-support/talk-to-a-counsellor" target="_blank" aria-label="Link opens in a new tab.">Beyond Blue</a> has a free and confidential telephone or <a href="https://www.beyondblue.org.au/support-service/chat" target="_blank" aria-label="Link opens in a new tab.">online chat</a> counselling support line with trained mental health professionals. There may be a wait before a counsellor is available.</p> <p>By working with your doctor, and drawing on the support available, there is a good chance your depression will improve.</p> <h2 id="prevention">Can depression be prevented?</h2> <p>Even if you are more vulnerable to depression, there is plenty you can do to keep symptoms away.</p> <p>Some proven strategies to help you stay well include:</p> <ul> <li>exercising</li> <li>avoiding harmful levels of alcohol and other substance use</li> <li>getting adequate sleep</li> <li>reducing anxiety, such as through relaxation techniques</li> <li>staying sociable, so you avoid becoming isolated</li> </ul> <h2 id="complications">What are the complications of depression?</h2> <p>When depression becomes very severe, you can experience dark thoughts, and these can even lead to suicide. If you are having <a href="/are-you-experiencing-suicidal-thoughts">thoughts of suicide</a>, talking to someone you trust can help.</p> <p>If someone you care about has severe depression, learn the <a href="/warning-signs-of-suicide">warning signs</a>, since they may be feeling so bad that they can’t see their way out alone.</p> <h2 id="resources">Resources and support</h2> <p>If you or someone near you is in immediate danger of suicide:</p> <ul> <li>call triple zero (000) or</li> <li>go to the nearest hospital emergency department</li> </ul> <p>If you are having negative thoughts and need someone to talk to:</p> <ul> <li>call <a href="https://www.lifeline.org.au/" target="_blank" aria-label="Link opens in a new tab.">Lifeline</a> on 13 11 14</li> <li>call <a href="https://www.beyondblue.org.au/" target="_blank" aria-label="Link opens in a new tab.">Beyond Blue</a> on 1300 22 4636</li> <li>a GP, counsellor, psychologist or psychiatrist</li> <li>family or friends</li> <li>a teacher or coach</li> <li>a work colleague</li> <li>a religious leader</li> </ul> <p>Read the healthdirect page on <a href="/how-to-help-someone-with-depression">how to help someone with depression</a>.</p> <p>Beyond Blue also have a factsheet on <a href="https://www.beyondblue.org.au/the-facts/supporting-someone" target="_blank" aria-label="Link opens in a new tab.">how to support someone with depression</a>.</p></div> <footer class="main_content-article-text-footer"> <div> <h4>Source<span>s</span>:</h4> <span> <a href="https://www.beyondblue.org.au/" target="_blank" title="Beyond Blue">Beyond Blue</a> <em>(Depression)<span></span></em>, <a href="https://www.beyondblue.org.au/" target="_blank" title="Beyond Blue">Beyond Blue</a> <em>(Types of depression)<span></span></em>, <a href="https://www.health.vic.gov.au" target="_blank" title="Department of Health and Human Services Victoria">Department of Health and Human Services Victoria</a> <em>(Preventing and managing depression)<span></span></em>, <a href="https://www.blackdoginstitute.org.au" target="_blank" title="Black Dog Institute">Black Dog Institute</a> <em>(Anxiety and Depression during pregnancy and the postnatal period)<span></span></em>, <a href="https://www.blackdoginstitute.org.au" target="_blank" title="Black Dog Institute">Black Dog Institute</a> <em>(Treatments for depression)<span></span></em>, <a href="https://www.headsup.org.au" target="_blank" title="Heads up">Heads up</a> <em>(Taking care of yourself and staying well)<span></span></em>, <a href="https://www.blackdoginstitute.org.au" target="_blank" title="Black Dog Institute">Black Dog Institute</a> <em>(Causes of depression)<span></span></em>, <a href="https://www.beyondblue.org.au" target="_blank" title="Beyond Blue">Beyond Blue</a> <em>(Signs and symptoms of depression)<span></span></em>, <a href="https://www.beyondblue.org.au" target="_blank" title="Beyond Blue">Beyond Blue</a> <em>(Depression and anxiety in new fathers)<span></span></em>, <a href="https://www.ranzcp.org" target="_blank" title="Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists">Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists</a> <em>(Clinical practice guideline: mood disorders)<span></span></em> </span> </div> </footer> <p>Learn more here about the <a href="https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/about-our-content">development and quality assurance of healthdirect content</a>.</p> <p>Last reviewed: April 2023</p> <div class="main_content-back-to-top"><a href="#backToTop"><i class="dor-icon_caret-up"></i><br><span class="tablet-up__inline">Back To </span>Top</a></a></div> </main>  <section class="main_content-links print-hidden"> <section class="related-pages-section"> <h2>Related pages</h2> <ul> <li> <a href="/depression-in-children" title="Depression in children">Depression in children</a> </li> <li> <a href="/depression-in-men" title="Depression in men">Depression in men</a> </li> <li> <a href="/depression-in-older-people" title="Depression in older people">Depression in older people</a> </li> <li> <a href="/depression-in-women" title="Depression in women">Depression in women</a> </li> <li> <a href="/depression-in-young-people" title="Depression in young people">Depression in young people</a> </li> <li> <a href="/how-to-help-someone-with-depression" title="How to help someone with depression">How to help someone with depression</a> </li> <li> <a href="/losing-interest" title="Losing interest">Losing interest</a> </li> <li> <a href="/melancholia" title="Melancholia (melancholic depression)">Melancholia (melancholic depression)</a> </li> </ul> </section> <section class="related-concept-section"> <h2>Search our site for</h2> <ul> <li> <a class="dor-button__pill-btn" href="/search-results/Mental health" title="Search results for:Mental health">Mental health</a> </li> <li> <a class="dor-button__pill-btn" href="/search-results/Stress" title="Search results for:Stress">Stress</a> </li> <li> <a class="dor-button__pill-btn" 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class="dor-button__pill-btn" href="/search-results/Pessimism" title="Search results for:Pessimism">Pessimism</a> </li> </ul> </section> </section>  <section class="main_content-search"> <header> <h2>Need more information?</h2> <p>These trusted information partners have more on this topic.</p> </header> <div class="main_content-general-text"> <div> <div class="main_content-search-results-partners"> <nav class="dor-tabs__2 veyron-search-tabs" role="tablist"> <label class="dor-tabs_item" role="tab" aria-controls="searchGeneralResults" aria-selected="true"> <input type="radio" checked name="tab"> <div class="dor-tabs_item-btn veyron-search-tab-btn">General search results</div> </label> <label class="dor-tabs_item" role="tab" aria-controls="searchProfessionalResults" aria-selected="false"> <input type="radio" name="tab"> <div class="dor-tabs_item-btn veyron-search-tab-btn">Results for medical professionals</div> </label> </nav> <section id="searchGeneralResults" data-total-records="965"> <p>Top results</p> <a href="https://www.sane.org/information-and-resources/facts-and-guides/depression" data-partner-url="partners/sane-australia" class="main_content-search-tile" target="_blank" data-guid="ECM001|2f031b31-002a-4936-8fa1-06d8c371c8a5"> <h3>Depression</h3> <div class="main_content-search-tile-intro"> <p>Quick facts  Depression affects thinking and emotions, causing low mood and a loss of pleasure in usual activities.  Major depressive disord...</p> </div> <p class="main_content-search-tile-read-more"> <i aria-hidden="true" class="main_content-search-tile-read-more-icon"></i> <i id="read-more">Read more on SANE Australia website</i></p> <img class="main_content-search-tile-logo" alt="SANE Australia" src="https://media.healthdirect.org.au/images/logos/h40/sane-australia-logo-b817f1.png"> </a> <a href="https://au.reachout.com/mental-health-issues/depression/types-of-depression" data-partner-url="partners/reachout.com" class="main_content-search-tile" target="_blank" data-guid="ECM001|7276fd42-cfbe-421b-a563-d1bd47c51a45"> <h3>Types of depression | Depression support</h3> <div class="main_content-search-tile-intro"> <p>Depressive disorders come in many different forms. Understanding the different types of depression can help you to find support that's right for you.</p> </div> <p class="main_content-search-tile-read-more"> <i aria-hidden="true" class="main_content-search-tile-read-more-icon"></i> <i id="read-more">Read more on ReachOut.com website</i></p> <img class="main_content-search-tile-logo" alt="ReachOut.com" src="https://media.healthdirect.org.au/images/logos/h40/reachout-new2024-logo-adfc1c.png"> </a> <a href="https://au.reachout.com/mental-health-issues/depression/treatments-for-depression" data-partner-url="partners/reachout.com" class="main_content-search-tile" target="_blank" data-guid="ECM001|627951ce-d39a-4d6a-8cbf-8eeab972095f"> <h3>Treatments for depression | Depression support</h3> <div class="main_content-search-tile-intro"> <p>Self-help strategies alone may not be always enough to help with depression. Learn more about different depression treatment options and how to find support.</p> </div> <p class="main_content-search-tile-read-more"> <i aria-hidden="true" class="main_content-search-tile-read-more-icon"></i> <i id="read-more">Read more on ReachOut.com website</i></p> <img class="main_content-search-tile-logo" alt="ReachOut.com" src="https://media.healthdirect.org.au/images/logos/h40/reachout-new2024-logo-adfc1c.png"> </a> <a href="https://au.reachout.com/mental-health-issues/depression/self-help-for-depression" data-partner-url="partners/reachout.com" class="main_content-search-tile" target="_blank" data-guid="ECM001|88f23593-3f6f-4590-a549-58bf32faecc9"> <h3>Self-help for depression | Depression</h3> <div class="main_content-search-tile-intro"> <p>Are you looking for small but meaningful ways on how to deal with depression? Read our guide on self-help for depression for some easy places to start.</p> </div> <p class="main_content-search-tile-read-more"> <i aria-hidden="true" class="main_content-search-tile-read-more-icon"></i> <i id="read-more">Read more on ReachOut.com website</i></p> <img class="main_content-search-tile-logo" alt="ReachOut.com" src="https://media.healthdirect.org.au/images/logos/h40/reachout-new2024-logo-adfc1c.png"> </a> <a href="https://karitane.com.au/depression-and-anxiety" data-partner-url="partners/karitane" class="main_content-search-tile" target="_blank" data-guid="ECM001|b519a22c-eefa-4f76-bdd7-f25e47ff56fc"> <h3>Depression and Anxiety</h3> <div class="main_content-search-tile-intro"> <p>Depression and its related symptoms are much more common than you might expect. On average, up to 1 in 7 mums and 1 in 10 dads will experience post or perinatal depression and anxiety.</p> </div> <p class="main_content-search-tile-read-more"> <i aria-hidden="true" class="main_content-search-tile-read-more-icon"></i> <i id="read-more">Read more on Karitane website</i></p> <img class="main_content-search-tile-logo" alt="Karitane" src="https://media.healthdirect.org.au/images/logos/h40/karitane-new_logo-116e57.png"> </a> <a href="https://assets.website-files.com/61ef8a4fe1c6faaa593e22eb/651f46a34146dea778446c13_Depression%20in%20Mob.pdf" data-partner-url="partners/13yarn" class="main_content-search-tile" target="_blank" data-guid="ECM001|5f84e9a6-8909-469a-b628-fbdfeea32027"> <h3>Depression</h3> <div class="main_content-search-tile-intro"> <p>Are you or someone you know feeling real low, or carrying a heavy load? You're not on your own. When our spirit is really sad, some call it depression. It's not just small cries when times are tough. 1 in 6 Australians, including us mob, can feel it in their lives.</p> </div> <p class="main_content-search-tile-read-more"> <i aria-hidden="true" class="main_content-search-tile-read-more-icon"></i> <i id="read-more">Read more on 13YARN website</i></p> <img class="main_content-search-tile-logo" alt="13YARN" src="https://media.healthdirect.org.au/images/logos/h40/13yarn_logo-6f1c81.png"> </a> <a href="https://www.cope.org.au/signs-symptoms-perinatal-depression/" data-partner-url="partners/cope-centre-of-perinatal-excellence" class="main_content-search-tile" target="_blank" data-guid="ECM001|58af7612-84e6-4916-a559-a5fd1025e7d9"> <h3>Symptoms of perinatal depression - COPE</h3> <div class="main_content-search-tile-intro"> <p>The symptoms of perinatal depression are reflected in the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), which is used as a component of assessment for depressive symptoms.</p> </div> <p class="main_content-search-tile-read-more"> <i aria-hidden="true" class="main_content-search-tile-read-more-icon"></i> <i id="read-more">Read more on COPE - Centre of Perinatal Excellence website</i></p> <img class="main_content-search-tile-logo" alt="COPE - Centre of Perinatal Excellence" src="https://media.healthdirect.org.au/images/logos/h40/cope_logo-340ed9.png"> </a> <a href="https://parents.au.reachout.com/mental-health-and-wellbeing/depression/depression-and-teenagers" data-partner-url="partners/reachout.com" class="main_content-search-tile" target="_blank" data-guid="ECM001|609ce73d-79d5-4740-990d-06995aa64f7e"> <h3>Depression in teenagers | Symptoms of depression in teens</h3> <div class="main_content-search-tile-intro"> <p>What causes depression in teens? Teenage depression is more common than many parents may think. Learn the signs, symptoms and treatments for depression in teens.</p> </div> <p class="main_content-search-tile-read-more"> <i aria-hidden="true" class="main_content-search-tile-read-more-icon"></i> <i id="read-more">Read more on ReachOut.com website</i></p> <img class="main_content-search-tile-logo" alt="ReachOut.com" src="https://media.healthdirect.org.au/images/logos/h40/reachout-new2024-logo-adfc1c.png"> </a> <a href="https://headspace.org.au/explore-topics/for-young-people/depression/" data-partner-url="partners/headspace" class="main_content-search-tile" target="_blank" data-guid="ECM001|4d7fa12f-4dd1-4a31-9ba5-8c2f5062e454"> <h3>Depression | What is Depression & The Effects in Young People | headspace</h3> <div class="main_content-search-tile-intro"> <p>Depression is an issue that can affect young people. Learn more about the effects of depression mental health and how you can get help from headspace.</p> </div> <p class="main_content-search-tile-read-more"> <i aria-hidden="true" class="main_content-search-tile-read-more-icon"></i> <i id="read-more">Read more on headspace website</i></p> <img class="main_content-search-tile-logo" alt="headspace" src="https://media.healthdirect.org.au/images/logos/h40/headspace_logo.png"> </a> <a href="https://toolkit.lifeline.org.au/topics/depression/what-is-depression" data-partner-url="partners/lifeline" class="main_content-search-tile" target="_blank" data-guid="ECM001|f030e4d4-11e5-4e98-b669-4343d304c46e"> <h3>What is depression?</h3> <div class="main_content-search-tile-intro"> <p>Learn what depression is, who it affects, what it can feel like, and where to find support.</p> </div> <p class="main_content-search-tile-read-more"> <i aria-hidden="true" class="main_content-search-tile-read-more-icon"></i> <i id="read-more">Read more on Lifeline Australia website</i></p> <img class="main_content-search-tile-logo" alt="Lifeline Australia" src="https://media.healthdirect.org.au/images/logos/h40/lifeline_logo2-9fb294.png"> </a> <section class="main_content-search-show-more "> <button class="main_content-search-show-more-btn" title="Show more search results" rel="nofollow">Show more</button> <i aria-hidden="true" class="main_content-search-show-more-loading"></i> </section> </section> <section id="searchProfessionalResults" class="hidden" data-total-records="190"> <p>Top results</p> <a href="https://www.cochrane.org/CD006722/DEPRESSN_psychostimulants-for-depression" data-partner-url="partners/cochrane-australia" class="main_content-search-tile" target="_blank" data-guid="ECM001|0068c525-cf11-4c2d-8311-08dcfdcbf34c"> <h3>Psychostimulants for depression | Cochrane</h3> <div class="main_content-search-tile-intro"> <p>Authors' conclusions: There is some evidence that in the short-term, PS reduce symptoms of depression</p> </div> <p class="main_content-search-tile-read-more"><i aria-hidden="true" class="main_content-search-tile-read-more-icon"></i> Read more on Cochrane Australia website</p> <img class="main_content-search-tile-logo" alt="Cochrane Australia" src="https://media.healthdirect.org.au/images/logos/h40/cochrane_australia_stacked_rgb-15fbd4.png"> </a> <a href="https://www.cochrane.org/CD007142/DEPRESSN_relaxation-for-depression" data-partner-url="partners/cochrane-australia" class="main_content-search-tile" target="_blank" data-guid="ECM001|2cba81cd-bfe8-485d-b847-84ff800c66b9"> <h3>Relaxation for depression | Cochrane</h3> <div class="main_content-search-tile-intro"> <p>Authors' conclusions: Relaxation techniques were more effective at reducing self-rated depressive symptoms than no or minimal treatment</p> </div> <p class="main_content-search-tile-read-more"><i aria-hidden="true" class="main_content-search-tile-read-more-icon"></i> Read more on Cochrane Australia website</p> <img class="main_content-search-tile-logo" alt="Cochrane Australia" src="https://media.healthdirect.org.au/images/logos/h40/cochrane_australia_stacked_rgb-15fbd4.png"> </a> <a href="https://www.cochrane.org/CD006728/DEPRESSN_family-therapy-for-depression" data-partner-url="partners/cochrane-australia" class="main_content-search-tile" target="_blank" data-guid="ECM001|33192dc0-aaca-405e-8714-066bbf919c56"> <h3>Family therapy for depression | Cochrane</h3> <div class="main_content-search-tile-intro"> <p>Authors' conclusions: The current evidence base is too heterogeneous and sparse to draw conclusions on the overall effectiveness of family therapy in the treatment of depression</p> </div> <p class="main_content-search-tile-read-more"><i aria-hidden="true" class="main_content-search-tile-read-more-icon"></i> Read more on Cochrane Australia website</p> <img class="main_content-search-tile-logo" alt="Cochrane Australia" src="https://media.healthdirect.org.au/images/logos/h40/cochrane_australia_stacked_rgb-15fbd4.png"> </a> <a href="https://www.cochrane.org/CD003390/DEPRESSN_folate-for-depression" data-partner-url="partners/cochrane-australia" class="main_content-search-tile" target="_blank" data-guid="ECM001|85e16822-222e-4026-8a62-272eda3aeadb"> <h3>Folate for depression | Cochrane</h3> <div class="main_content-search-tile-intro"> <p>Authors' conclusions: The limited available evidence suggests folate may have a potential role as a supplement to other treatment for depression</p> </div> <p class="main_content-search-tile-read-more"><i aria-hidden="true" class="main_content-search-tile-read-more-icon"></i> Read more on Cochrane Australia website</p> <img class="main_content-search-tile-logo" alt="Cochrane Australia" src="https://media.healthdirect.org.au/images/logos/h40/cochrane_australia_stacked_rgb-15fbd4.png"> </a> <a href="https://www.cochrane.org/CD004366/DEPRESSN_exercise-for-depression" data-partner-url="partners/cochrane-australia" class="main_content-search-tile" target="_blank" data-guid="ECM001|386cafc1-03bf-417d-b699-bb330c447825"> <h3>Exercise for depression | Cochrane</h3> <div class="main_content-search-tile-intro"> <p>Authors' conclusions: Exercise is moderately more effective than a control intervention for reducing symptoms of depression, but analysis of methodologically robust trials only shows a smaller effect in favour of exercise</p> </div> <p class="main_content-search-tile-read-more"><i aria-hidden="true" class="main_content-search-tile-read-more-icon"></i> Read more on Cochrane Australia website</p> <img class="main_content-search-tile-logo" alt="Cochrane Australia" src="https://media.healthdirect.org.au/images/logos/h40/cochrane_australia_stacked_rgb-15fbd4.png"> </a> <a href="https://www.ausmed.com/learn/articles/depression-in-dementia" data-partner-url="partners/ausmed-education" class="main_content-search-tile" target="_blank" data-guid="ECM001|2d8968c1-cfc7-41a5-b5bb-1e68abb055db"> <h3>Depression in Dementia and the Cornell Scale | Ausmed</h3> <div class="main_content-search-tile-intro"> <p>Depression is estimated to be three to four times more common in older adults with dementia than those without. However, while depression co-occurs in about 20 to 30% of people with dementia, it can be difficult to determine whether an older adult actually has both depression and dementia, has depression only or has dementia only due to similarities between the two conditions. The Cornell Scale for Depression in Dementia (CSDD) is a screening tool specifically intended to identify the signs of depression in people with dementia. The CSDD takes into account non-verbal symptoms of potential depression, including observations and physical signs that a person with cognitive impairment may be unable to vocalise.</p> </div> <p class="main_content-search-tile-read-more"><i aria-hidden="true" class="main_content-search-tile-read-more-icon"></i> Read more on Ausmed Education website</p> <img class="main_content-search-tile-logo" alt="Ausmed Education" src="https://media.healthdirect.org.au/images/logos/h40/ausmed-new-logo-872e67.png"> </a> <a href="https://www.orygen.org.au/Training/Resources/Depression" data-partner-url="partners/orygen" class="main_content-search-tile" target="_blank" data-guid="ECM001|2315dcc9-7f17-4154-8457-b4056fa4e7fa"> <h3>Depression - Orygen, Revolution in Mind</h3> <div class="main_content-search-tile-intro"> <p>Our Skills & Knowledge Division concentrates on growing the capacity of Australia’s youth mental health workforce with an emphasis on accessible expertise and innovation.</p> </div> <p class="main_content-search-tile-read-more"><i aria-hidden="true" class="main_content-search-tile-read-more-icon"></i> Read more on Orygen website</p> <img class="main_content-search-tile-logo" alt="Orygen" src="https://media.healthdirect.org.au/images/logos/h40/orygennew_logo-3964f3.png"> </a> <a href="https://www.mumspace.com.au/clinician-portal/" data-partner-url="partners/MumSpace" class="main_content-search-tile" target="_blank" data-guid="ECM001|e389d4a6-b9eb-4024-b3a2-c9d42a474219"> <h3>Clinician Portal for Health Professionals | MumSpace</h3> <div class="main_content-search-tile-intro"> <p>Our Clinician Portal provides health professionals with access to Australia’s evidence-based treatment for postnatal depression.</p> </div> <p class="main_content-search-tile-read-more"><i aria-hidden="true" class="main_content-search-tile-read-more-icon"></i> Read more on MumSpace website</p> <img class="main_content-search-tile-logo" alt="MumSpace" src="https://media.healthdirect.org.au/images/logos/h40/mumspace-logo-e23b4b.png"> </a> <a href="https://www.cochrane.org/CD007295/MS_drug-treatment-for-depression-in-multiple-sclerosis" data-partner-url="partners/cochrane-australia" class="main_content-search-tile" target="_blank" data-guid="ECM001|852e3f76-c45e-4fe6-a954-3643ede547e9"> <h3>Drug treatment for depression in multiple sclerosis | Cochrane</h3> <div class="main_content-search-tile-intro"> <p>Authors' conclusions: Both desipramine and paroxetine show a trend towards efficacy in depression in MS the short term, but both treatments were associated with adverse effects, with significantly more patients treated with paroxetine suffering from nausea or headache</p> </div> <p class="main_content-search-tile-read-more"><i aria-hidden="true" class="main_content-search-tile-read-more-icon"></i> Read more on Cochrane Australia website</p> <img class="main_content-search-tile-logo" alt="Cochrane Australia" src="https://media.healthdirect.org.au/images/logos/h40/cochrane_australia_stacked_rgb-15fbd4.png"> </a> <a href="https://www.cochrane.org/CD003198/DEPRESSN_tryptophan-and-5-hydroxytryptophan-for-depression" data-partner-url="partners/cochrane-australia" class="main_content-search-tile" target="_blank" data-guid="ECM001|8121cc8c-94cb-4133-a586-075ead995ca1"> <h3>Tryptophan and 5-Hydroxytryptophan for depression | Cochrane</h3> <div class="main_content-search-tile-intro"> <p>Authors' conclusions: A large number of studies appear to address the research questions, but few are of sufficient quality to be reliable</p> </div> <p class="main_content-search-tile-read-more"><i aria-hidden="true" class="main_content-search-tile-read-more-icon"></i> Read more on Cochrane Australia website</p> <img class="main_content-search-tile-logo" alt="Cochrane Australia" src="https://media.healthdirect.org.au/images/logos/h40/cochrane_australia_stacked_rgb-15fbd4.png"> </a> <section 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