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class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prominent_writers_by_country"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Prominent writers by country</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Prominent_writers_by_country-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Prominent writers by country subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Prominent_writers_by_country-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Australia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Australia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Australia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Australia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fiji" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fiji"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Fiji</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fiji-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-French_Polynesia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#French_Polynesia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>French Polynesia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-French_Polynesia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kiribati" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kiribati"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Kiribati</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kiribati-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Marshall_Islands" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Marshall_Islands"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Marshall Islands</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Marshall_Islands-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Micronesia,_Federated_States_of" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Micronesia,_Federated_States_of"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Micronesia, Federated States of</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Micronesia,_Federated_States_of-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nauru" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nauru"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span>Nauru</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nauru-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-New_Zealand" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#New_Zealand"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.8</span> <span>New Zealand</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-New_Zealand-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Palau" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Palau"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.9</span> <span>Palau</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Palau-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Papua_New_Guinea" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Papua_New_Guinea"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.10</span> <span>Papua New Guinea</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Papua_New_Guinea-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Samoa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Samoa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.11</span> <span>Samoa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Samoa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Solomon_Islands" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Solomon_Islands"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.12</span> <span>Solomon Islands</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Solomon_Islands-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tonga" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tonga"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.13</span> <span>Tonga</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tonga-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tuvalu" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tuvalu"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.14</span> <span>Tuvalu</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tuvalu-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vanuatu" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vanuatu"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.15</span> <span>Vanuatu</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vanuatu-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span 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.sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks hlist"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title" style="background:#ccccff;"><a href="/wiki/History_of_literature" title="History of literature">History of literature</a><br /><span class="nobold">by region or country</span></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ddddff;"> General topics</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0.2em 0 0.8em;"> <table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_basic_literature_topics" class="mw-redirect" title="List of basic literature topics">Basic topics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_literary_terms" class="mw-redirect" title="List of literary terms">Literary terms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literary_criticism" title="Literary criticism">Criticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literary_theory" title="Literary theory">Theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_literature" title="World literature">World literature</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="border-top:1px #aaa solid; font-weight:normal; font-style:italic"> Types</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Epic_poetry" title="Epic poetry">Epic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novel" title="Novel">Novel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poetry" title="Poetry">Poetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prose" title="Prose">Prose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romance_(heroic_literature)" class="mw-redirect" title="Romance (heroic literature)">Romance</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="border-top:1px #aaa solid; font-weight:normal; font-style:italic"> Lists</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_books" class="mw-redirect" title="List of books">Books</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_authors" class="mw-redirect" title="List of authors">Authors</a></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ddddff;"> Middle Eastern</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0.2em 0 0.8em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_literature" title="Ancient literature">Ancient</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sumerian_literature" title="Sumerian literature">Sumerian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Babylonian_literature" class="mw-redirect" title="Babylonian literature">Babylonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_literature" title="Hebrew literature">Hebrew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pahlavi_literature" class="mw-redirect" title="Pahlavi literature">Pahlavi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persian_literature" title="Persian literature">Persian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabic_literature" title="Arabic literature">Arabic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_literature" title="Israeli literature">Israeli</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ddddff;"> <a href="/wiki/Western_literature" title="Western literature">European</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0.2em 0 0.8em;"> <table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_literature" title="Armenian literature">Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_literature" title="Greek literature">Greek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_literature" title="Latin literature">Latin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_Medieval_literature" class="mw-redirect" title="Early Medieval literature">Early Medieval</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Matter_of_Rome" title="Matter of Rome">Matter of Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matter_of_France" title="Matter of France">Matter of France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matter_of_Britain" title="Matter of Britain">Matter of Britain</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medieval_literature" title="Medieval literature">Medieval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renaissance_literature" title="Renaissance literature">Renaissance</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="border-top:1px #aaa solid; font-weight:normal; font-style:italic"> Modern</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Structuralism" title="Structuralism">Structuralism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poststructuralism" class="mw-redirect" title="Poststructuralism">Poststructuralism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deconstruction" title="Deconstruction">Deconstruction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modernism" title="Modernism">Modernism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postmodernism" title="Postmodernism">Postmodernism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-colonialism" class="mw-redirect" title="Post-colonialism">Post-colonialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypertext_fiction" title="Hypertext fiction">Hypertexts</a></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ddddff;"> North and South American</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0.2em 0 0.8em;"> <table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_literature" title="American literature">American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_literature" title="Canadian literature">Canadian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamaican_literature" title="Jamaican literature">Jamaican</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="border-top:1px #aaa solid; font-weight:normal; font-style:italic"> <a href="/wiki/Latin_American_literature" title="Latin American literature">Latin American</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Argentine_literature" title="Argentine literature">Argentine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_literature" title="Brazilian literature">Brazilian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chilean_literature" title="Chilean literature">Chilean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombian_literature" title="Colombian literature">Colombian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_literature" title="Cuban literature">Cuban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_literature" title="Mexican literature">Mexican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peruvian_literature" title="Peruvian literature">Peruvian</a></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ddddff;"> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Oceanian</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0.2em 0 0.8em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_literature" title="Australian literature">Australian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_literature" title="New Zealand literature">New Zealand</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ddddff;"> <a href="/wiki/Asian_literature" title="Asian literature">Asian</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0.2em 0 0.8em;"> <table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-weight:normal; font-style:italic"> East</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_literature" title="Chinese literature">Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_literature" title="Japanese literature">Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_literature" title="Korean literature">Korean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_literature" title="Mongolian literature">Mongolian</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-weight:normal; font-style:italic;border-top:1px #aaa solid;"> Southeast</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Burmese_literature" title="Burmese literature">Burmese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_literature" title="Philippine literature">Philippine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_literature" title="Thai literature">Thai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_literature" title="Vietnamese literature">Vietnamese</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-weight:normal; font-style:italic;border-top:1px #aaa solid;"> South</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Meitei_literature" title="Ancient Meitei literature">Ancient Meitei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telugu_literature" title="Telugu literature">Telugu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_literature" title="Tamil literature">Tamil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanskrit_literature" title="Sanskrit literature">Sanskrit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_literature" title="Indian literature">Indian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_literature" title="Pakistani literature">Pakistani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assamese_literature" title="Assamese literature">Assamese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengali_literature" title="Bengali literature">Bengali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gujarati_literature" title="Gujarati literature">Gujarati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindi_literature" title="Hindi literature">Hindi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kannada_literature" title="Kannada literature">Kannada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashmiri_literature" class="mw-redirect" title="Kashmiri literature">Kashmiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malayalam_literature" title="Malayalam literature">Malayalam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marathi_literature" title="Marathi literature">Marathi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meitei_literature" title="Meitei literature">Modern Meitei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepali_literature" title="Nepali literature">Nepali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajasthani_literature" title="Rajasthani literature">Rajasthani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sindhi_literature" title="Sindhi literature">Sindhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urdu_literature" title="Urdu literature">Urdu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_writing_in_English" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian writing in English">Indian writing in English</a></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ddddff;"> <a href="/wiki/African_literature" title="African literature">African</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0.2em 0 0.8em;"> <table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-weight:normal; font-style:italic"> North</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_literature" title="Egyptian literature">Egyptian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_literature" title="Ancient Egyptian literature">Ancient Egyptian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moroccan_literature" title="Moroccan literature">Moroccan</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-weight:normal; font-style:italic;border-top:1px #aaa solid;"> Sub-Saharan</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nigerian_literature" title="Nigerian literature">Nigerian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_literature" title="South African literature">South African</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swahili_literature" title="Swahili literature">Swahili</a></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ddddff;"> Related topics</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0.2em 0 0.8em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_science_fiction" title="History of science fiction">History of science fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_years_in_literature" title="List of years in literature">List of years in literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Literature_by_country" title="Category:Literature by country">Literature by country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_theatre" title="History of theatre">History of theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_ideas" class="mw-redirect" title="History of ideas">History of ideas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intellectual_history" title="Intellectual history">Intellectual history</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below" style="background:#ddddff;"> <span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Books-aj.svg_aj_ashton_01.svg/16px-Books-aj.svg_aj_ashton_01.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Books-aj.svg_aj_ashton_01.svg/24px-Books-aj.svg_aj_ashton_01.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Books-aj.svg_aj_ashton_01.svg/32px-Books-aj.svg_aj_ashton_01.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="309" data-file-height="274" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Literature" title="Portal:Literature">Literature portal</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:History_of_literature_by_region_or_country" title="Template:History of literature by region or country"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:History_of_literature_by_region_or_country" title="Template talk:History of literature by region or country"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:History_of_literature_by_region_or_country" title="Special:EditPage/Template:History of literature by region or country"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks hlist" style="width:22.0em; border: 4px double #0099FF; background:#FFFFFF;"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle"><b><span style="color:#000000;">This article is part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Culture_of_Oceania" title="Category:Culture of Oceania">a series</a> on</span></b></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background:#2FAAB5; border: 1px double #75B2DD;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Oceania" title="Culture of Oceania"><span style="color:#FFFFFF;">Oceanian Culture</span></a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Oceania_(centered_orthographic_projection).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Oceania_%28centered_orthographic_projection%29.svg/120px-Oceania_%28centered_orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Oceania_%28centered_orthographic_projection%29.svg/180px-Oceania_%28centered_orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Oceania_%28centered_orthographic_projection%29.svg/240px-Oceania_%28centered_orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#2FA3AA; color:#fff; border: 1px double #75B2DD;"> Society</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0.2em 0 0.6em;font-size:95%;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Oceania" title="History of Oceania">Shared Histories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Oceania" title="Languages of Oceania">Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Oceania" title="Religion in Oceania">Religion</a><br /></li> <li>People <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_Oceania" title="Indigenous peoples of Oceania">Indigenous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Europeans_in_Oceania" title="Europeans in Oceania">European</a></li></ul></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#2FA3AA; color:#fff; border: 1px double #75B2DD;"> Arts and literature</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0.2em 0 0.6em;font-size:95%;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Oceania" class="mw-redirect" title="Architecture of Oceania">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oceanian_art" title="Oceanian art">Art</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Literature</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#2FA3AA; color:#fff; border: 1px double #75B2DD;"> Other</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0.2em 0 0.6em;font-size:95%;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oceanian_cuisine" title="Oceanian cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Oceanian_films" title="List of Oceanian films">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mythology_of_Oceania" title="Mythology of Oceania">Mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Oceania" title="Sport in Oceania">Sports</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#2FA3AA; color:#fff; border: 1px double #75B2DD;"> Symbols</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0.2em 0 0.6em;font-size:95%;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flags_of_Oceania" title="Flags of Oceania">Flags</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armorial_of_Oceania" title="Armorial of Oceania">Armorial </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Oceania" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Oceania">World Heritage Sites</a></li></ul> <hr /></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%E5%A4%A7%E6%B4%8B.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/%E5%A4%A7%E6%B4%8B.png/50px-%E5%A4%A7%E6%B4%8B.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="41" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/%E5%A4%A7%E6%B4%8B.png/75px-%E5%A4%A7%E6%B4%8B.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/%E5%A4%A7%E6%B4%8B.png/100px-%E5%A4%A7%E6%B4%8B.png 2x" data-file-width="756" data-file-height="617" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Portal:Oceania" title="Portal:Oceania">Oceania Portal</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Culture_of_Oceania_sidebar" title="Template:Culture of Oceania sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Culture_of_Oceania_sidebar" title="Template talk:Culture of Oceania sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Culture_of_Oceania_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Culture of Oceania sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Oceanian</b> (Australasian, Melanesian, Micronesian, and Polynesian) <b>literature</b> developed in a unique geographical environment that allowed the development of a unique literature to thrive. Oceanian literature was heavily influenced by <a href="/wiki/Religion" title="Religion">religion</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ritual" title="Ritual">ritual</a> and <a href="/wiki/Colonization" title="Colonization">colonization</a>. This can be seen by the large amount of <a href="/wiki/Religious_symbol" title="Religious symbol">religious symbolism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Political_activism" class="mw-redirect" title="Political activism">political activism</a> featured in it. </p><p>Another major influence in Oceanian society was its intricate <a href="/wiki/Oral_tradition" title="Oral tradition">oral tradition</a>. For a long time, most Oceanian literature was not written down. As a result, stock formulas and <a href="/wiki/Rhyme" title="Rhyme">rhyming</a> were used in many works (these traits made it easier to memorize). Gods, creation myths, and spirits are also prominent in Oceanian literature, showcasing again the influence oral tradition had on the literature of Oceania. </p><p>Modern Oceanian literature is mainly written in the <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English language</a> but also feature different languages and <a href="/wiki/Speech" title="Speech">speech</a>. The literatures of Oceania, particularly during the return to many island nations’ independence in the 1960s and 1970s, were often strongly political and invested in finding literary expression for new independent, interconnected Pacific lives.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Oceanian writers drew on a wide, translational pool of references, with African, American, European and Indian literatures often productively woven into their texts.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The ocean carries a lot of symbolism and meaning to the cultures and people that have travelled through, in which largely has impacted the literary cultures and historical narratives in Oceania.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="List_of_countries_and_territories">List of countries and territories</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oceanian_literature&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: List of countries and territories"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Samoan_literature&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="American Samoan literature (page does not exist)">American Samoan literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_literature" title="Australian literature">Australian literature</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christmas_Islander_literature&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Christmas Islander literature (page does not exist)">Christmas Islander literature</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cocos_(Keeling)_Islander_literature&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cocos (Keeling) Islander literature (page does not exist)">Cocos (Keeling) Islander literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cook_Islands_literature" title="Cook Islands literature">Cook Islands literature</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Easter_Islander_literature&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Easter Islander literature (page does not exist)">Easter Islander literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fijian_literature" title="Fijian literature">Fijian literature</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=French_Polynesian_literature&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="French Polynesian literature (page does not exist)">French Polynesian literature</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guamanian_literature&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Guamanian literature (page does not exist)">Guamanian literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawaiian_literature" title="Hawaiian literature">Hawaiian literature</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=I-Kiribati_literature&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="I-Kiribati literature (page does not exist)">I-Kiribati literature</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marshall_Islander_literature&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marshall Islander literature (page does not exist)">Marshall Islander literature</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Micronesian_literature&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Micronesian literature (page does not exist)">Micronesian literature</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nauruan_literature&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nauruan literature (page does not exist)">Nauruan literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Caledonian_literature" title="New Caledonian literature">New Caledonian literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_literature" title="New Zealand literature">New Zealand literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niue#Culture" title="Niue">Niuean literature</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Norfolk_Islander_literature&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Norfolk Islander literature (page does not exist)">Norfolk Islander literature</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Northern_Mariana_Islander_literature&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Northern Mariana Islander literature (page does not exist)">Northern Mariana Islander literature</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palauan_literature&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Palauan literature (page does not exist)">Palauan literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papua_New_Guinean_literature" title="Papua New Guinean literature">Papua New Guinean literature</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pitcairn_Islander_literature&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pitcairn Islander literature (page does not exist)">Pitcairn Islander literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samoan_literature" title="Samoan literature">Samoan literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon_Islands_literature" title="Solomon Islands literature">Solomon Islands literature</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tokelauan_literature&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tokelauan literature (page does not exist)">Tokelauan literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongan_literature" title="Tongan literature">Tongan literature</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tuvaluan_literature&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tuvaluan literature (page does not exist)">Tuvaluan literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literature_of_Vanuatu" title="Literature of Vanuatu">Vanuatuan literature</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wallis_and_Futuna_Islander_literature&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wallis and Futuna Islander literature (page does not exist)">Wallis and Futuna Islander literature</a></li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Prominent_writers_by_country">Prominent writers by country</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oceanian_literature&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Prominent writers by country"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Oceanian_writers" title="List of Oceanian writers">List of Oceanian writers</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Australia">Australia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oceanian_literature&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Australia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Australian_novelists" title="List of Australian novelists">List of Australian novelists</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thea_Astley" title="Thea Astley">Thea Astley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Blainey" title="Geoffrey Blainey">Geoffrey Blainey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manning_Clark" title="Manning Clark">Manning Clark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcus_Clarke" title="Marcus Clarke">Marcus Clarke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miles_Franklin" title="Miles Franklin">Miles Franklin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peggy_Frew" title="Peggy Frew">Peggy Frew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Garner" title="Helen Garner">Helen Garner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germaine_Greer" title="Germaine Greer">Germaine Greer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Hughes_(critic)" title="Robert Hughes (critic)">Robert Hughes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barry_Humphries" title="Barry Humphries">Barry Humphries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clive_James" title="Clive James">Clive James</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Jolley" title="Elizabeth Jolley">Elizabeth Jolley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gail_Jones_(writer)" title="Gail Jones (writer)">Gail Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jill_Ker_Conway" title="Jill Ker Conway">Jill Ker Conway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Keneally" title="Thomas Keneally">Thomas Keneally</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Lawson" title="Henry Lawson">Henry Lawson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nam_Le" title="Nam Le">Nam Le</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Malouf" title="David Malouf">David Malouf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colleen_McCullough" title="Colleen McCullough">Colleen McCullough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_McGahan" title="Andrew McGahan">Andrew McGahan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alex_Miller" title="Alex Miller">Alex Miller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banjo_Paterson" title="Banjo Paterson">Banjo Paterson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christina_Stead" title="Christina Stead">Christina Stead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morris_West" title="Morris West">Morris West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_White" title="Patrick White">Patrick White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Williamson" title="David Williamson">David Williamson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Winton" title="Tim Winton">Tim Winton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Markus_Zusak" title="Markus Zusak">Markus Zusak</a></li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fiji">Fiji</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oceanian_literature&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Fiji"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raymond_Pillai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Raymond Pillai (page does not exist)">Raymond Pillai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subramani" title="Subramani">Subramani</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pio_Manoa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pio Manoa (page does not exist)">Pio Manoa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peter_Thomson_(Fijian_author)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peter Thomson (Fijian author) (page does not exist)">Peter Thomson</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mikaele_M.K._Yasa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mikaele M.K. Yasa (page does not exist)">Mikaele M.K. Yasa</a></li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="French_Polynesia">French Polynesia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oceanian_literature&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: French Polynesia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flora_Devantine" title="Flora Devantine">Flora Devantine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Titaua_Peu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Titaua Peu (page does not exist)">Titaua Peu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chantal_Spitz" title="Chantal Spitz">Chantal Spitz</a></li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kiribati">Kiribati</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oceanian_literature&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Kiribati"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Teweiariki_Teaero&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Teweiariki Teaero (page does not exist)">Teweiariki Teaero</a></li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Marshall_Islands">Marshall Islands</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oceanian_literature&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Marshall Islands"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bob_Barclay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bob Barclay (page does not exist)">Bob Barclay</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daniel_A._Kelin_II&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daniel A. Kelin II (page does not exist)">Daniel A. Kelin II</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jack_Niedenthal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jack Niedenthal (page does not exist)">Jack Niedenthal</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dirk_R._Spennemann&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dirk R. Spennemann (page does not exist)">Dirk R. Spennemann</a></li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Micronesia,_Federated_States_of"><span id="Micronesia.2C_Federated_States_of"></span>Micronesia, Federated States of</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oceanian_literature&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Micronesia, Federated States of"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Luelen_Bernart" title="Luelen Bernart">Luelen Bernart</a></li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nauru">Nauru</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oceanian_literature&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Nauru"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timothy_Detudamo" title="Timothy Detudamo">Timothy Detudamo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ben_Bam_Solomon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ben Bam Solomon (page does not exist)">Ben Bam Solomon</a></li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="New_Zealand">New Zealand</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oceanian_literature&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: New Zealand"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_New_Zealand_writers" title="List of New Zealand writers">List of New Zealand writers</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eleanor_Catton" title="Eleanor Catton">Eleanor Catton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Duff" title="Alan Duff">Alan Duff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janet_Frame" title="Janet Frame">Janet Frame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patricia_Grace" title="Patricia Grace">Patricia Grace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlotte_Grimshaw" title="Charlotte Grimshaw">Charlotte Grimshaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keri_Hulme" title="Keri Hulme">Keri Hulme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lloyd_Jones_(New_Zealand_author)" title="Lloyd Jones (New Zealand author)">Lloyd Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Shadbolt" title="Maurice Shadbolt">Maurice Shadbolt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Witi_Ihimaera" title="Witi Ihimaera">Witi Ihimaera</a></li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Palau">Palau</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oceanian_literature&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Palau"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Susan_Kloulechad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Susan Kloulechad (page does not exist)">Susan Kloulechad</a></li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Papua_New_Guinea">Papua New Guinea</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oceanian_literature&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Papua New Guinea"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nora_Vagi_Brash" title="Nora Vagi Brash">Nora Vagi Brash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vincent_Eri" title="Vincent Eri">Vincent Eri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Maori_Kiki" title="Albert Maori Kiki">Albert Maori Kiki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ignatius_Kilage" title="Ignatius Kilage">Ignatius Kilage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loujaya_Kouza" title="Loujaya Kouza">Loujaya Kouza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Narokobi" title="Bernard Narokobi">Bernard Narokobi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russell_Soaba" title="Russell Soaba">Russell Soaba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Somare" title="Michael Somare">Michael Somare</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nash_Sorariba&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nash Sorariba (page does not exist)">Nash Sorariba</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Regis_Stella&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Regis Stella (page does not exist)">Regis Stella</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Steven_Edmund_Winduo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Steven Edmund Winduo (page does not exist)">Steven Edmund Winduo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arthur_Jawodimbari&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arthur Jawodimbari (page does not exist)">Arthur Jawodimbari</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kumalau_Tawali&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kumalau Tawali (page does not exist)">Kumalau Tawali</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peter_Kama_Kerpi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peter Kama Kerpi (page does not exist)">Peter Kama Kerpi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tony_Wanim_Kagl&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tony Wanim Kagl (page does not exist)">Tony Wanim Kagl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Waiko" title="John Waiko">John Waiko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Kasaipwalova" title="John Kasaipwalova">John 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href="/w/index.php?title=Oceanian_literature&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFTusitala_Marsh2013" class="citation book cs1">Tusitala Marsh, Selina (2013). "Literature". In Rapaport, Moshe (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt6wqh08"><i>The Pacific Islands: Environment and Society, Revised Edition</i></a>. University of Hawai'i Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8248-3586-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8248-3586-6"><bdi>978-0-8248-3586-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Literature&rft.btitle=The+Pacific+Islands%3A+Environment+and+Society%2C+Revised+Edition&rft.pub=University+of+Hawai%27i+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-0-8248-3586-6&rft.aulast=Tusitala+Marsh&rft.aufirst=Selina&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Fj.ctt6wqh08&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOceanian+literature" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLongHayward2024" class="citation book cs1">Long, Maebh; Hayward, Matthew (2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cup.columbia.edu/book/the-rise-of-pacific-literature/9780231217453"><i>The Rise of Pacific Literature: Decolonization, Radical Campuses, and Modernism</i></a>. New York: Columbia University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-231-56173-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-231-56173-0"><bdi>978-0-231-56173-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Rise+of+Pacific+Literature%3A+Decolonization%2C+Radical+Campuses%2C+and+Modernism&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft.date=2024&rft.isbn=978-0-231-56173-0&rft.aulast=Long&rft.aufirst=Maebh&rft.au=Hayward%2C+Matthew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcup.columbia.edu%2Fbook%2Fthe-rise-of-pacific-literature%2F9780231217453&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOceanian+literature" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFinnegan,_Orbell" class="citation book cs1">Finnegan, Orbell. <i>South Pacific Oral Traditions</i>. Indiana University Press. p. 15.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=South+Pacific+Oral+Traditions&rft.pages=15&rft.pub=Indiana+University+Press&rft.au=Finnegan%2C+Orbell&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOceanian+literature" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Citations">Citations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oceanian_literature&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/art/Oceanic-literature">'Oceanic literature'</a>, Guiart, Jean in <i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i>. Retrieved on December 14, 2007.</li> <li>Goetzfridt, Nicholas J. (1995). <i>Indigenous Literature of Oceania: A Survey of Criticism and Interpretation,</i> Westport, CT: Greenwood Press.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output 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href="/w/index.php?title=Micronesian_literature&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Micronesian literature (page does not exist)">Federated States of Micronesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fijian_literature" title="Fijian literature">Fiji</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kiribati_literature&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kiribati literature (page does not exist)">Kiribati</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marshallese_literature&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marshallese literature (page does not exist)">Marshall Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nauruan_literature&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nauruan literature (page does not exist)">Nauru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_literature" title="New Zealand literature">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palauan_literature&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Palauan literature (page does not exist)">Palau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papua_New_Guinean_literature" title="Papua New Guinean literature">Papua New Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samoan_literature" title="Samoan literature">Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon_Islands_literature" title="Solomon Islands literature">Solomon Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongan_literature" title="Tongan literature">Tonga</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tuvaluan_literature&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tuvaluan literature (page does not exist)">Tuvalu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanuatuan_literature" class="mw-redirect" title="Vanuatuan literature">Vanuatu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Associated_state" title="Associated state">Associated states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cook_Islands_literature" title="Cook Islands literature">Cook Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niuean_literature" class="mw-redirect" title="Niuean literature">Niue</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependencies</a> and<br /><a href="/wiki/List_of_administrative_divisions_by_country" title="List of administrative divisions by country">other territories</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Samoan_literature&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="American Samoan literature (page does not exist)">American Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christmas_Island_literature&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Christmas Island literature (page does not exist)">Christmas Island</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cocossian_literature&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cocossian literature (page does not exist)">Cocos (Keeling) Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Easter_Island_literature&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Easter Island literature (page does not exist)">Easter Island</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=French_Polynesian_literature&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="French Polynesian literature (page does not exist)">French Polynesia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guamanian_literature&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Guamanian literature (page does not exist)">Guam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawaiian_literature" title="Hawaiian literature">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Caledonian_literature" title="New Caledonian literature">New Caledonia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Norfolk_Island_literature&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Norfolk Island literature (page does not exist)">Norfolk Island</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Northern_Marianan_literature&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Northern Marianan literature (page does not exist)">Northern Mariana Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pitcairn_Islands_literature&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pitcairn Islands literature (page does not exist)">Pitcairn Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tokelauan_literature&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tokelauan literature (page does not exist)">Tokelau</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wallis_and_Futuna_literature&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wallis and Futuna literature (page does not exist)">Wallis and Futuna</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><br /> </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style 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