CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '91360cae7dbb4115',cH: '8uEB87meLHXCumArUGy.Vr0no81IdllAhAIwSmwlb2E-1739798161-1.2.1.1-JV9pVBMLMhoJEoImXNY3T9rANidfT8JyTJ7hOPqkfxz5rO4tZicnLcaivbMczbOi',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=root-finding&__cf_chl_tk=07K.CoPnlpIqWoH9biYhvQ6ltJSnRLEl0m9dUZAuTpE-1739798161-1.0.1.1-KVlu8I5SgAjRGBlC2syVyZcddN5NHrfybY4GnLuW1Lk",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739798161',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=root-finding&__cf_chl_f_tk=07K.CoPnlpIqWoH9biYhvQ6ltJSnRLEl0m9dUZAuTpE-1739798161-1.0.1.1-KVlu8I5SgAjRGBlC2syVyZcddN5NHrfybY4GnLuW1Lk",md: "P6D52gVT__ZIbrg5N6LtS2O4Sb9g5pJfbT5UWC0YSyk-1739798161-1.2.1.1-EH3O_j8WALHHEPfFJiOO3zXw2SsrVEDAx4r7LAyMGndUyOUq24hbpvxx7fVacwHsCJ9YJX5wnUNI29tMfm55ZwGWPnV0dsHKiRbdI5TbbgsujFDK.8lXkMJEyzsqgOkdeA.ZYndK4n50bG9qEbc8LUS4VoA3aAJ8E_O0MNZ8TXkrIVq37nA72bO7VKevTWho196fBaI1lVxWnezaETySd7QE7DPfKhtzNiaSUUHvhxC8kxk.8rvGfPnsvucukZXX2mRACsglBtv4wlawW2.Xg.GMxnPQ335jcnvzGuqq9u_iprs74LpbUgkipYkOsg6WJp1EUwj84HxIk_mjXIca7FhOPyIKXvESWo19IU1nxFG3bLpeKpo_S84PSs2D.x98eY2m4o3ZuCBQ3N3.U1Zt909wZfrLyFPlJ6KOLT8EUYc1rPV5aJj8dN0.M.k8Oep0vOe4UOPtPfj1K2AUcteAN39mZUjfkSVonAFtWP9qcaKvEv1.qU_8R81IBIOT.upEO5t2Y0e1_jgBSCYdQbB4D4Er1irNYyzhieUsMwJLD9Cj5CU8crv6sRX1VCiaK7mobUqD2UaF24wLRgLtnepNrShwpiQkCrU4GrhNpws_UvSBsdP4FAWvi7QbeQY.TKZHIS.QGeNJQJ6MW8QJbhOawTzPJA0jbIQqQSnQGx6Mg5ykonAHGf1t5Hk_ynWIrav5ycRB5KQ4DWQKc0ThM0FOMMT07EguCvJjnb_Pxo4qVYxr8i5ZuqmxnNHujmaI.BoXjygUDqoCoWSMw0ujZg0PfRIwuebNA4_KVJ_632RoSl6.n8aQzh9hxhL.6tmPuUF61ZqK3IqbEMMKFs6ukt9t3YZ2uahFfa98U6i0wJCtgts7hpu48cqiYOc2b5UmWh7nQhlmZJE9ufqrq8XR7OWRk4Ke5zTiC7617nb4b1TOVy4bTrZYW9g1CuPdpI_d6CwCVt_T20XUcV_Xul42OHUAgJqvkBe4fWi5mSaKKU5puNQwRNmHyo2C.BoYJAiTr9v.etpn19pbw1X60lam1ModeMQmNW3yYtWRNyUAOao17vgBLl989fna4N4zKKs7FCplFERtrlIB3GvvxAQecZPWlttT0L_YsrZ8mY3Bd9.OK1G43LFVjQMeCe9CoX4zMW6MVi0chZozznHlQHMJI2E3.qDlQ65s79H23_UwJ_24HGpSPdoFMhoHnA5jfZhqmFHqIMpWYYRl.p8L2d4FpNEqqM5xajk_cpFSKPolEcyvdVm.c_h2XqkepsK55F1a2t3ty3yE.HhIuyQwIqorDs5gh3q1mOEUzMjp7hyX0wVVi.Yo3XNSOe6Kla6YphVn2JscnFfsV7IetNT6...Xb_3M2vMTpQV0pRcURBoBezhG3J4AkOL5LH08KJHCZNbgzSpxP7Kx9_otMIrzUKdd1rdECgF9mVVwFtUqVa4lLMN.aXjy83AaDNxeB6WKzmD5dqlI7oa0Hlz8gZzB7J_pYfw8ta9SVTIuYXjnGOkMptzOw3qPWmKPm4JdZFTdV8byT6f7ASOE7zMd3zp8RFASvz3nnveTGphNK2hcvm4HF4.Kmf3r8VXkw52Xj7KtTkUMhABdM1aofly1sgUD3wgb_Q6MKIS9WH26Nr7eoWuuXleMXcgycbbTUnSktRjEjmnLgJyh99OsKAlo9nYibbJZNQaCax5jHOLPw__gNolojlPjasS.KfTuITO_x.CQG3V27LwIU_G7VWTejjFFq_nEGHmibzsKOpylx1F.pVKDpMls0Rt3gDLokKQgFesZHidNdqH8tSQhp82HYoozuWliNkLAzVp9Mx3ABBj9md820QmoMU65nA0fZuQ8JJQBdLsMcxe0PusxICIe.2UuaeD4WV6pXnaTl2tJLqiGNhlcrIrS88Qsvi.OzxZBZ4KOFlsXSRrs6sIz8TXtikomPuOMESvlHg",mdrd: "2j89yn4Rnlb11VZLSkwzyfQ7Uuxdt33KWyziyL_mXQQ-1739798161-1.2.1.1-N9QuQVCpKf_E_3oydoNzV1DBxb9sOzmojpPRHEG5Jw62fGZkracxQ8ScqSj88lAKS9lBopZKXqNm5T7NDnAIrkJtfpjQu5AS9h0KGmTHVxuCzhqdXppztGeJcfrvdLKRVowIzws9jz8oipiXp_MrzPsEoXLvcqGvPzLEfvxddHaNYiIcDXSHTMq0sZjIM7ywSTze6WrRZbLjp52tOQu2oENfBTmyyz21XtOcqDbN6Qz_rRT4CqmB_THW6cOt5KxgN2DQRopasQ01EyD6FYYdX5LoFSnPCO2t_iJqrT6zELpNYhcLymEnNzRrgJp0BhOQeUaNy_Z9XntjL6u4jT0Zv3t2j2gQ.MbiT_DqimgF469ulZFlyI1HZMTZij_mymKWWQJHgBhxS0MCUQRe9XK7auESILCNJ1OVMDkdPPIGzRKoOoXNWQNTo5Rg.gnCyXBIu5YWX7KrFI7lltRR4uPwU_ESE2WmZPwFp1geoKtRDDBdAB8B4uLWt0pjdQZUbBHE6o7yJb49souk5kgGh_XpkhxWuNJrevidMs7P0auPzMjWabvk7Z4XwPNKY3gWULF2VJI2Pc0.ChkM5wt4cgfLV1Ya1I0Bh05yptbz4oxy6X7TxW_lHCjKppke3TCya3.oAwem.TDYg.ng2KQ5DCbo3gTHdRHxL9rjq_DG4lZm29GAzDzSGsoimvy5VXCdPuSJ_eAjFfoxyr7eEg4VN.MX22FHdiDz3nQQfMTmOHaxOb4KQddc9Qy1usUcl.NkJi4xWn4Gcymi_UzGeKC2HDyANLOLqPB5GfXS2Uq43QVvXd5ZQ9vg0EFExbbrnvkhSZhjVGdXIe4La0i0CBsuLUgKY3hCfzuHN90oSCO0ibFc0IRV8jtSTx6mtKx2L6uCeyZoz951tTRAv5e.USUNboW1_ID_AHSApYK60O2p3zIHe9CMV2o9F9bA.wPFWmpSZ4N999pPGtIybJYc792B9XZYEe5t3fowc72sEyhM2PgPEv5ibSgppuQYBbks9h.Co4iYIZufl6A.1Mab6LnVQWcT8jMF8ihSsULr7trSCLoeXm6xVqyLLoXhRoxBMyt6H7h6OnDCDImtrisJ20mjUU8I_Po.tPMz0OGA29vripMOSF2ECt3PsF.VxE6ixLZ9Ja1o1uUaeqg1RrK8iSG.WsNlkINYzdRHswa19iFDb_b4mdqAvbWG7uWNFp4zlxPP548NZwCAJL0O0zgnCphxsJVC1YAHoxAeP4L_Gh2dedwXit51KvWk4eShUItAQd7vZaJfYvLpYqdwmlyVObnxDg8CuX9ZF8aJ8xU0nNL1ymKDeHL0YwlhIK.uGiE1hpfxiao6r8qti93EkZe0n2xX8QN4Yypsj2tQWspuq82PQAw6ZmCI8FKvnkQY5A2QDWijE9RkzBulce4OyqFIFmdgYuBZZtaD5WmkGekMP0px4JS9tO1v0pfdOWFFsgAhY.vMOdjmXYywXVZpQTBlp0Yp.XZ6tMlN0g8nmc1RgtDsa7hg.LTKMtM4.nkwZvp7hqyUEDYMrkPmWN6DnOiokCiYPF578Q_JhzJul3Ba.fF_Zmx4UjEftBrjPaBfRp7lI34svshLvvH9.xsUWlEwXT57lScl8rHoxR2S2mkdtTt4QslzcRHIWJMG.eh73_KKUIYZXFfI8GrLYqD_qKcQh9R7tu5qBJr_zPRy6q6BPp_wtkT8UZsRrcLvXO7hImjsPqlZDkLEb9swN3zZ1baVJRtAsYEiRi6uG2SFPpebmD_jtydgosj6COXvsPGfX2FbClVsExQwg3NQllL_QiW1BEMIg1FpJCNNl9UvM9iUN4tFDG7OLA10DrBNzc.ap.fUZdyoRcx6wNsP7SxmccKu7BJ4rzNkJFFQWHA6CFWkr1GZ8vb.NcmIGzmlDj_OZFzlbnbSJRy4Sl6.BuQL8QE9zCU0FGwpRp7d1vMpAly7flM_IyHVgs0"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=91360cae7dbb4115';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=root-finding&__cf_chl_rt_tk=07K.CoPnlpIqWoH9biYhvQ6ltJSnRLEl0m9dUZAuTpE-1739798161-1.0.1.1-KVlu8I5SgAjRGBlC2syVyZcddN5NHrfybY4GnLuW1Lk" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>