CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en-US" class="no-js"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"><script type="text/javascript">(window.NREUM||(NREUM={})).init={privacy:{cookies_enabled:true},ajax:{deny_list:["bam.eu01.nr-data.net"]},distributed_tracing:{enabled:true}};(window.NREUM||(NREUM={})).loader_config={agentID:"212354677",accountID:"3196970",trustKey:"3196970",xpid:"VwcOV19UCBACVVNRAgUCUlc=",licenseKey:"NRJS-0940f7eaf4cb46e1cfe",applicationID:"212354543"};;/*! For license information please see nr-loader-spa-1.274.0.min.js.LICENSE.txt */ (()=>{var e,t,r={8122:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{a:()=>i});var n=r(944);function i(e,t){try{if(!e||"object"!=typeof e)return(0,n.R)(3);if(!t||"object"!=typeof t)return(0,n.R)(4);const r=Object.create(Object.getPrototypeOf(t),Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(t)),o=0===Object.keys(r).length?e:r;for(let a in o)if(void 0!==e[a])try{if(null===e[a]){r[a]=null;continue}Array.isArray(e[a])&&Array.isArray(t[a])?r[a]=Array.from(new Set([...e[a],...t[a]])):"object"==typeof e[a]&&"object"==typeof t[a]?r[a]=i(e[a],t[a]):r[a]=e[a]}catch(e){(0,n.R)(1,e)}return r}catch(e){(0,n.R)(2,e)}}},2555:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Vp:()=>c,fn:()=>s,x1:()=>u});var n=r(384),i=r(8122);const o={beacon:n.NT.beacon,errorBeacon:n.NT.errorBeacon,licenseKey:void 0,applicationID:void 0,sa:void 0,queueTime:void 0,applicationTime:void 0,ttGuid:void 0,user:void 0,account:void 0,product:void 0,extra:void 0,jsAttributes:{},userAttributes:void 0,atts:void 0,transactionName:void 0,tNamePlain:void 0},a={};function s(e){try{const t=c(e);return!!t.licenseKey&&!!t.errorBeacon&&!!t.applicationID}catch(e){return!1}}function c(e){if(!e)throw new Error("All info objects require an agent identifier!");if(!a[e])throw new Error("Info for ".concat(e," was never set"));return a[e]}function u(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All info objects require an agent identifier!");a[e]=(0,i.a)(t,o);const r=(0,n.nY)(e);r&&(r.info=a[e])}},9417:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{D0:()=>h,gD:()=>g,xN:()=>p});var n=r(993);const i=e=>{if(!e||"string"!=typeof e)return!1;try{document.createDocumentFragment().querySelector(e)}catch{return!1}return!0};var o=r(2614),a=r(944),s=r(384),c=r(8122);const u="[data-nr-mask]",d=()=>{const e={mask_selector:"*",block_selector:"[data-nr-block]",mask_input_options:{color:!1,date:!1,"datetime-local":!1,email:!1,month:!1,number:!1,range:!1,search:!1,tel:!1,text:!1,time:!1,url:!1,week:!1,textarea:!1,select:!1,password:!0}};return{ajax:{deny_list:void 0,block_internal:!0,enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0},distributed_tracing:{enabled:void 0,exclude_newrelic_header:void 0,cors_use_newrelic_header:void 0,cors_use_tracecontext_headers:void 0,allowed_origins:void 0},feature_flags:[],generic_events:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:30,autoStart:!0},harvest:{tooManyRequestsDelay:60},jserrors:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0},logging:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0,level:n.p_.INFO},metrics:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},obfuscate:void 0,page_action:{enabled:!0},page_view_event:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},page_view_timing:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:30,autoStart:!0},performance:{capture_marks:!1,capture_measures:!1},privacy:{cookies_enabled:!0},proxy:{assets:void 0,beacon:void 0},session:{expiresMs:o.wk,inactiveMs:o.BB},session_replay:{autoStart:!0,enabled:!1,harvestTimeSeconds:60,preload:!1,sampling_rate:10,error_sampling_rate:100,collect_fonts:!1,inline_images:!1,fix_stylesheets:!0,mask_all_inputs:!0,get mask_text_selector(){return e.mask_selector},set mask_text_selector(t){i(t)?e.mask_selector="".concat(t,",").concat(u):""===t||null===t?e.mask_selector=u:(0,a.R)(5,t)},get block_class(){return"nr-block"},get ignore_class(){return"nr-ignore"},get mask_text_class(){return"nr-mask"},get block_selector(){return e.block_selector},set block_selector(t){i(t)?e.block_selector+=",".concat(t):""!==t&&(0,a.R)(6,t)},get mask_input_options(){return e.mask_input_options},set mask_input_options(t){t&&"object"==typeof t?e.mask_input_options={...t,password:!0}:(0,a.R)(7,t)}},session_trace:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0},soft_navigations:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0},spa:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0},ssl:void 0,user_actions:{enabled:!0}}},l={},f="All configuration objects require an agent identifier!";function h(e){if(!e)throw new Error(f);if(!l[e])throw new Error("Configuration for ".concat(e," was never set"));return l[e]}function p(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error(f);l[e]=(0,c.a)(t,d());const r=(0,s.nY)(e);r&&(r.init=l[e])}function g(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error(f);var r=h(e);if(r){for(var n=t.split("."),i=0;i<n.length-1;i++)if("object"!=typeof(r=r[n[i]]))return;r=r[n[n.length-1]]}return r}},5603:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{a:()=>c,o:()=>s});var n=r(384),i=r(8122);const o={accountID:void 0,trustKey:void 0,agentID:void 0,licenseKey:void 0,applicationID:void 0,xpid:void 0},a={};function s(e){if(!e)throw new Error("All loader-config objects require an agent identifier!");if(!a[e])throw new Error("LoaderConfig for ".concat(e," was never set"));return a[e]}function c(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All loader-config objects require an agent identifier!");a[e]=(0,i.a)(t,o);const r=(0,n.nY)(e);r&&(r.loader_config=a[e])}},3371:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{V:()=>f,f:()=>l});var n=r(8122),i=r(384),o=r(6154),a=r(9324);let s=0;const c={buildEnv:a.F3,distMethod:a.Xs,version:a.xv,originTime:o.WN},u={customTransaction:void 0,disabled:!1,isolatedBacklog:!1,loaderType:void 0,maxBytes:3e4,onerror:void 0,ptid:void 0,releaseIds:{},appMetadata:{},session:void 0,denyList:void 0,timeKeeper:void 0,obfuscator:void 0},d={};function l(e){if(!e)throw new Error("All runtime objects require an agent identifier!");if(!d[e])throw new Error("Runtime for ".concat(e," was never set"));return d[e]}function f(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All runtime objects require an agent identifier!");d[e]={...(0,n.a)(t,u),...c},Object.hasOwnProperty.call(d[e],"harvestCount")||Object.defineProperty(d[e],"harvestCount",{get:()=>++s});const r=(0,i.nY)(e);r&&(r.runtime=d[e])}},9324:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{F3:()=>i,Xs:()=>o,Yq:()=>a,xv:()=>n});const n="1.274.0",i="PROD",o="CDN",a="^2.0.0-alpha.17"},6154:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{A4:()=>s,OF:()=>d,RI:()=>i,WN:()=>h,bv:()=>o,gm:()=>a,lR:()=>f,m:()=>u,mw:()=>c,sb:()=>l});var n=r(1863);const i="undefined"!=typeof window&&!!window.document,o="undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&("undefined"!=typeof self&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&self.navigator instanceof WorkerNavigator||"undefined"!=typeof globalThis&&globalThis instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&globalThis.navigator instanceof WorkerNavigator),a=i?window:"undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&("undefined"!=typeof self&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&self||"undefined"!=typeof globalThis&&globalThis instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&globalThis),s="complete"===a?.document?.readyState,c=Boolean("hidden"===a?.document?.visibilityState),u=""+a?.location,d=/iPad|iPhone|iPod/.test(a.navigator?.userAgent),l=d&&"undefined"==typeof SharedWorker,f=(()=>{const e=a.navigator?.userAgent?.match(/Firefox[/\s](\d+\.\d+)/);return Array.isArray(e)&&e.length>=2?+e[1]:0})(),h=Date.now()-(0,n.t)()},7295:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Xv:()=>a,gX:()=>i,iW:()=>o});var n=[];function i(e){if(!e||o(e))return!1;if(0===n.length)return!0;for(var t=0;t<n.length;t++){var r=n[t];if("*"===r.hostname)return!1;if(s(r.hostname,e.hostname)&&c(r.pathname,e.pathname))return!1}return!0}function o(e){return void 0===e.hostname}function a(e){if(n=[],e&&e.length)for(var t=0;t<e.length;t++){let r=e[t];if(!r)continue;0===r.indexOf("http://")?r=r.substring(7):0===r.indexOf("https://")&&(r=r.substring(8));const i=r.indexOf("/");let o,a;i>0?(o=r.substring(0,i),a=r.substring(i)):(o=r,a="");let[s]=o.split(":");n.push({hostname:s,pathname:a})}}function s(e,t){return!(e.length>t.length)&&t.indexOf(e)===t.length-e.length}function c(e,t){return 0===e.indexOf("/")&&(e=e.substring(1)),0===t.indexOf("/")&&(t=t.substring(1)),""===e||e===t}},1687:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Ak:()=>c,Ze:()=>l,x3:()=>u});var n=r(7836),i=r(3606),o=r(860),a=r(2646);const s={};function c(e,t){const r={staged:!1,priority:o.P3[t]||0};d(e),s[e].get(t)||s[e].set(t,r)}function u(e,t){e&&s[e]&&(s[e].get(t)&&s[e].delete(t),h(e,t,!1),s[e].size&&f(e))}function d(e){if(!e)throw new Error("agentIdentifier required");s[e]||(s[e]=new Map)}function l(e="",t="feature",r=!1){if(d(e),!e||!s[e].get(t)||r)return h(e,t);s[e].get(t).staged=!0,f(e)}function f(e){const t=Array.from(s[e]);t.every((([e,t])=>t.staged))&&(t.sort(((e,t)=>e[1].priority-t[1].priority)),t.forEach((([t])=>{s[e].delete(t),h(e,t)})))}function h(e,t,r=!0){const o=e?n.ee.get(e):n.ee,s=i.i.handlers;if(!o.aborted&&o.backlog&&s){if(r){const e=o.backlog[t],r=s[t];if(r){for(let t=0;e&&t<e.length;++t)p(e[t],r);Object.entries(r).forEach((([e,t])=>{Object.values(t||{}).forEach((t=>{t[0]?.on&&t[0]?.context()instanceof a.y&&t[0].on(e,t[1])}))}))}}o.isolatedBacklog||delete s[t],o.backlog[t]=null,o.emit("drain-"+t,[])}}function p(e,t){var r=e[1];Object.values(t[r]||{}).forEach((t=>{var r=e[0];if(t[0]===r){var n=t[1],i=e[3],o=e[2];n.apply(i,o)}}))}},7836:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{P:()=>c,ee:()=>u});var n=r(384),i=r(8990),o=r(3371),a=r(2646),s=r(5607);const c="nr@context:".concat(s.W),u=function e(t,r){var n={},s={},d={},l=!1;try{l=16===r.length&&(0,o.f)(r).isolatedBacklog}catch(e){}var f={on:p,addEventListener:p,removeEventListener:function(e,t){var r=n[e];if(!r)return;for(var i=0;i<r.length;i++)r[i]===t&&r.splice(i,1)},emit:function(e,r,n,i,o){!1!==o&&(o=!0);if(u.aborted&&!i)return;t&&o&&t.emit(e,r,n);for(var a=h(n),c=g(e),d=c.length,l=0;l<d;l++)c[l].apply(a,r);var p=v()[s[e]];p&&p.push([f,e,r,a]);return a},get:m,listeners:g,context:h,buffer:function(e,t){const r=v();if(t=t||"feature",f.aborted)return;Object.entries(e||{}).forEach((([e,n])=>{s[n]=t,t in r||(r[t]=[])}))},abort:function(){f._aborted=!0,Object.keys(f.backlog).forEach((e=>{delete f.backlog[e]}))},isBuffering:function(e){return!!v()[s[e]]},debugId:r,backlog:l?{}:t&&"object"==typeof t.backlog?t.backlog:{},isolatedBacklog:l};return Object.defineProperty(f,"aborted",{get:()=>{let e=f._aborted||!1;return e||(t&&(e=t.aborted),e)}}),f;function h(e){return e&&e instanceof a.y?e:e?(0,i.I)(e,c,(()=>new a.y(c))):new a.y(c)}function p(e,t){n[e]=g(e).concat(t)}function g(e){return n[e]||[]}function m(t){return d[t]=d[t]||e(f,t)}function v(){return f.backlog}}(void 0,"globalEE"),d=(0,n.Zm)();d.ee||(d.ee=u)},2646:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{y:()=>n});class n{constructor(e){this.contextId=e}}},9908:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{d:()=>n,p:()=>i});var n=r(7836).ee.get("handle");function i(e,t,r,i,o){o?(o.buffer([e],i),o.emit(e,t,r)):(n.buffer([e],i),n.emit(e,t,r))}},3606:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{i:()=>o});var n=r(9908);o.on=a;var i=o.handlers={};function o(e,t,r,o){a(o||n.d,i,e,t,r)}function a(e,t,r,i,o){o||(o="feature"),e||(e=n.d);var a=t[o]=t[o]||{};(a[r]=a[r]||[]).push([e,i])}},3878:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(e,t){return{capture:e,passive:!1,signal:t}}function i(e,t,r=!1,i){window.addEventListener(e,t,n(r,i))}function o(e,t,r=!1,i){document.addEventListener(e,t,n(r,i))}r.d(t,{DD:()=>o,jT:()=>n,sp:()=>i})},5607:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{W:()=>n});const n=(0,r(9566).bz)()},9566:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{LA:()=>s,ZF:()=>c,bz:()=>a,el:()=>u});var n=r(6154);const i="xxxxxxxx-xxxx-4xxx-yxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx";function o(e,t){return e?15&e[t]:16*Math.random()|0}function a(){const e=n.gm?.crypto||n.gm?.msCrypto;let t,r=0;return e&&e.getRandomValues&&(t=e.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(30))),i.split("").map((e=>"x"===e?o(t,r++).toString(16):"y"===e?(3&o()|8).toString(16):e)).join("")}function s(e){const t=n.gm?.crypto||n.gm?.msCrypto;let r,i=0;t&&t.getRandomValues&&(r=t.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(e)));const a=[];for(var s=0;s<e;s++)a.push(o(r,i++).toString(16));return a.join("")}function c(){return s(16)}function u(){return s(32)}},2614:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{BB:()=>a,H3:()=>n,g:()=>u,iL:()=>c,tS:()=>s,uh:()=>i,wk:()=>o});const n="NRBA",i="SESSION",o=144e5,a=18e5,s={STARTED:"session-started",PAUSE:"session-pause",RESET:"session-reset",RESUME:"session-resume",UPDATE:"session-update"},c={SAME_TAB:"same-tab",CROSS_TAB:"cross-tab"},u={OFF:0,FULL:1,ERROR:2}},1863:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(){return Math.floor(performance.now())}r.d(t,{t:()=>n})},7485:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{D:()=>i});var n=r(6154);function i(e){if(0===(e||"").indexOf("data:"))return{protocol:"data"};try{const t=new URL(e,location.href),r={port:t.port,hostname:t.hostname,pathname:t.pathname,search:t.search,protocol:t.protocol.slice(0,t.protocol.indexOf(":")),sameOrigin:t.protocol===n.gm?.location?.protocol&&t.host===n.gm?.location?.host};return r.port&&""!==r.port||("http:"===t.protocol&&(r.port="80"),"https:"===t.protocol&&(r.port="443")),r.pathname&&""!==r.pathname?r.pathname.startsWith("/")||(r.pathname="/".concat(r.pathname)):r.pathname="/",r}catch(e){return{}}}},944:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(e,t){"function"==typeof console.debug&&console.debug("New Relic Warning: https://github.com/newrelic/newrelic-browser-agent/blob/main/docs/warning-codes.md#".concat(e),t)}r.d(t,{R:()=>n})},5284:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{t:()=>c,B:()=>s});var n=r(7836),i=r(6154);const o="newrelic";const a=new Set,s={};function c(e,t){const r=n.ee.get(t);s[t]??={},e&&"object"==typeof e&&(a.has(t)||(r.emit("rumresp",[e]),s[t]=e,a.add(t),function(e={}){try{i.gm.dispatchEvent(new CustomEvent(o,{detail:e}))}catch(e){}}({loaded:!0})))}},8990:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{I:()=>i});var n=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty;function i(e,t,r){if(n.call(e,t))return e[t];var i=r();if(Object.defineProperty&&Object.keys)try{return Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:i,writable:!0,enumerable:!1}),i}catch(e){}return e[t]=i,i}},6389:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(e,t=500,r={}){const n=r?.leading||!1;let i;return(...r)=>{n&&void 0===i&&(e.apply(this,r),i=setTimeout((()=>{i=clearTimeout(i)}),t)),n||(clearTimeout(i),i=setTimeout((()=>{e.apply(this,r)}),t))}}function i(e){let t=!1;return(...r)=>{t||(t=!0,e.apply(this,r))}}r.d(t,{J:()=>i,s:()=>n})},3304:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{A:()=>o});var n=r(7836);const i=()=>{const e=new WeakSet;return(t,r)=>{if("object"==typeof r&&null!==r){if(e.has(r))return;e.add(r)}return r}};function o(e){try{return JSON.stringify(e,i())??""}catch(e){try{n.ee.emit("internal-error",[e])}catch(e){}return""}}},5289:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{GG:()=>o,sB:()=>a});var n=r(3878);function i(){return"undefined"==typeof document||"complete"===document.readyState}function o(e,t){if(i())return e();(0,n.sp)("load",e,t)}function a(e){if(i())return e();(0,n.DD)("DOMContentLoaded",e)}},384:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{NT:()=>o,US:()=>d,Zm:()=>a,bQ:()=>c,dV:()=>s,nY:()=>u,pV:()=>l});var n=r(6154),i=r(1863);const o={beacon:"bam.nr-data.net",errorBeacon:"bam.nr-data.net"};function a(){return n.gm.NREUM||(n.gm.NREUM={}),void 0===n.gm.newrelic&&(n.gm.newrelic=n.gm.NREUM),n.gm.NREUM}function s(){let e=a();return e.o||(e.o={ST:n.gm.setTimeout,SI:n.gm.setImmediate,CT:n.gm.clearTimeout,XHR:n.gm.XMLHttpRequest,REQ:n.gm.Request,EV:n.gm.Event,PR:n.gm.Promise,MO:n.gm.MutationObserver,FETCH:n.gm.fetch,WS:n.gm.WebSocket}),e}function c(e,t){let r=a();r.initializedAgents??={},t.initializedAt={ms:(0,i.t)(),date:new Date},r.initializedAgents[e]=t}function u(e){let t=a();return t.initializedAgents?.[e]}function d(e,t){a()[e]=t}function l(){return function(){let e=a();const t=e.info||{};e.info={beacon:o.beacon,errorBeacon:o.errorBeacon,...t}}(),function(){let e=a();const t=e.init||{};e.init={...t}}(),s(),function(){let e=a();const t=e.loader_config||{};e.loader_config={...t}}(),a()}},2843:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{u:()=>i});var n=r(3878);function i(e,t=!1,r,i){(0,n.DD)("visibilitychange",(function(){if(t)return void("hidden"===document.visibilityState&&e());e(document.visibilityState)}),r,i)}},8139:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{u:()=>f});var n=r(7836),i=r(3434),o=r(8990),a=r(6154);const s={},c=a.gm.XMLHttpRequest,u="addEventListener",d="removeEventListener",l="nr@wrapped:".concat(n.P);function f(e){var t=function(e){return(e||n.ee).get("events")}(e);if(s[t.debugId]++)return t;s[t.debugId]=1;var r=(0,i.YM)(t,!0);function f(e){r.inPlace(e,[u,d],"-",p)}function p(e,t){return e[1]}return"getPrototypeOf"in Object&&(a.RI&&h(document,f),h(a.gm,f),h(c.prototype,f)),t.on(u+"-start",(function(e,t){var n=e[1];if(null!==n&&("function"==typeof n||"object"==typeof n)){var i=(0,o.I)(n,l,(function(){var e={object:function(){if("function"!=typeof n.handleEvent)return;return n.handleEvent.apply(n,arguments)},function:n}[typeof n];return e?r(e,"fn-",null,e.name||"anonymous"):n}));this.wrapped=e[1]=i}})),t.on(d+"-start",(function(e){e[1]=this.wrapped||e[1]})),t}function h(e,t,...r){let n=e;for(;"object"==typeof n&&!Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(n,u);)n=Object.getPrototypeOf(n);n&&t(n,...r)}},3434:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Jt:()=>o,YM:()=>c});var n=r(7836),i=r(5607);const o="nr@original:".concat(i.W);var a=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty,s=!1;function c(e,t){return e||(e=n.ee),r.inPlace=function(e,t,n,i,o){n||(n="");const a="-"===n.charAt(0);for(let s=0;s<t.length;s++){const c=t[s],u=e[c];d(u)||(e[c]=r(u,a?c+n:n,i,c,o))}},r.flag=o,r;function r(t,r,n,s,c){return d(t)?t:(r||(r=""),nrWrapper[o]=t,function(e,t,r){if(Object.defineProperty&&Object.keys)try{return Object.keys(e).forEach((function(r){Object.defineProperty(t,r,{get:function(){return e[r]},set:function(t){return e[r]=t,t}})})),t}catch(e){u([e],r)}for(var n in e)a.call(e,n)&&(t[n]=e[n])}(t,nrWrapper,e),nrWrapper);function nrWrapper(){var o,a,d,l;try{a=this,o=[...arguments],d="function"==typeof n?n(o,a):n||{}}catch(t){u([t,"",[o,a,s],d],e)}i(r+"start",[o,a,s],d,c);try{return l=t.apply(a,o)}catch(e){throw i(r+"err",[o,a,e],d,c),e}finally{i(r+"end",[o,a,l],d,c)}}}function i(r,n,i,o){if(!s||t){var a=s;s=!0;try{e.emit(r,n,i,t,o)}catch(t){u([t,r,n,i],e)}s=a}}}function u(e,t){t||(t=n.ee);try{t.emit("internal-error",e)}catch(e){}}function d(e){return!(e&&"function"==typeof e&&e.apply&&!e[o])}},9300:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{T:()=>n});const n=r(860).K7.ajax},3333:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{TZ:()=>n,Zp:()=>i,mq:()=>s,nf:()=>a,qN:()=>o});const n=r(860).K7.genericEvents,i=["auxclick","click","copy","keydown","paste","scrollend"],o=["focus","blur"],a=4,s=1e3},6774:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{T:()=>n});const n=r(860).K7.jserrors},993:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{ET:()=>o,TZ:()=>a,p_:()=>i});var n=r(860);const i={ERROR:"ERROR",WARN:"WARN",INFO:"INFO",DEBUG:"DEBUG",TRACE:"TRACE"},o="log",a=n.K7.logging},3785:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{R:()=>c,b:()=>u});var n=r(9908),i=r(1863),o=r(860),a=r(3969),s=r(993);function c(e,t,r={},c=s.p_.INFO){(0,n.p)(a.xV,["API/logging/".concat(c.toLowerCase(),"/called")],void 0,o.K7.metrics,e),(0,n.p)(s.ET,[(0,i.t)(),t,r,c],void 0,o.K7.logging,e)}function u(e){return"string"==typeof e&&Object.values(s.p_).some((t=>t===e.toUpperCase().trim()))}},3969:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{TZ:()=>n,XG:()=>s,rs:()=>i,xV:()=>a,z_:()=>o});const n=r(860).K7.metrics,i="sm",o="cm",a="storeSupportabilityMetrics",s="storeEventMetrics"},6630:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{T:()=>n});const n=r(860).K7.pageViewEvent},782:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{T:()=>n});const n=r(860).K7.pageViewTiming},6344:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{BB:()=>d,G4:()=>o,Qb:()=>l,TZ:()=>i,Ug:()=>a,_s:()=>s,bc:()=>u,yP:()=>c});var n=r(2614);const i=r(860).K7.sessionReplay,o={RECORD:"recordReplay",PAUSE:"pauseReplay",REPLAY_RUNNING:"replayRunning",ERROR_DURING_REPLAY:"errorDuringReplay"},a=.12,s={DomContentLoaded:0,Load:1,FullSnapshot:2,IncrementalSnapshot:3,Meta:4,Custom:5},c={[n.g.ERROR]:15e3,[n.g.FULL]:3e5,[n.g.OFF]:0},u={RESET:{message:"Session was reset",sm:"Reset"},IMPORT:{message:"Recorder failed to import",sm:"Import"},TOO_MANY:{message:"429: Too Many Requests",sm:"Too-Many"},TOO_BIG:{message:"Payload was too large",sm:"Too-Big"},CROSS_TAB:{message:"Session Entity was set to OFF on another tab",sm:"Cross-Tab"},ENTITLEMENTS:{message:"Session Replay is not allowed and will not be started",sm:"Entitlement"}},d=5e3,l={API:"api"}},5270:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Aw:()=>c,CT:()=>u,SR:()=>s});var n=r(384),i=r(9417),o=r(7767),a=r(6154);function s(e){return!!(0,n.dV)().o.MO&&(0,o.V)(e)&&!0===(0,i.gD)(e,"session_trace.enabled")}function c(e){return!0===(0,i.gD)(e,"session_replay.preload")&&s(e)}function u(e,t){const r=t.correctAbsoluteTimestamp(e);return{originalTimestamp:e,correctedTimestamp:r,timestampDiff:e-r,originTime:a.WN,correctedOriginTime:t.correctedOriginTime,originTimeDiff:Math.floor(a.WN-t.correctedOriginTime)}}},3738:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{He:()=>i,Kp:()=>s,Lc:()=>u,Rz:()=>d,TZ:()=>n,bD:()=>o,d3:()=>a,jx:()=>l,uP:()=>c});const n=r(860).K7.sessionTrace,i="bstResource",o="resource",a="-start",s="-end",c="fn"+a,u="fn"+s,d="pushState",l=1e3},3962:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{AM:()=>o,O2:()=>s,Qu:()=>c,TZ:()=>a,ih:()=>u,tC:()=>i});var n=r(860);const i=["click","keydown","submit"],o="api",a=n.K7.softNav,s={INITIAL_PAGE_LOAD:"",ROUTE_CHANGE:1,UNSPECIFIED:2},c={INTERACTION:1,AJAX:2,CUSTOM_END:3,CUSTOM_TRACER:4},u={IP:"in progress",FIN:"finished",CAN:"cancelled"}},7378:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{$p:()=>x,BR:()=>b,Kp:()=>R,L3:()=>y,Lc:()=>c,NC:()=>o,SG:()=>d,TZ:()=>i,U6:()=>p,UT:()=>m,d3:()=>w,dT:()=>f,e5:()=>A,gx:()=>v,l9:()=>l,oW:()=>h,op:()=>g,rw:()=>u,tH:()=>E,uP:()=>s,wW:()=>T,xq:()=>a});var n=r(384);const i=r(860).K7.spa,o=["click","submit","keypress","keydown","keyup","change"],a=999,s="fn-start",c="fn-end",u="cb-start",d="api-ixn-",l="remaining",f="interaction",h="spaNode",p="jsonpNode",g="fetch-start",m="fetch-done",v="fetch-body-",b="jsonp-end",y=(0,n.dV)().o.ST,w="-start",R="-end",x="-body",T="cb"+R,A="jsTime",E="fetch"},4234:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{W:()=>o});var n=r(7836),i=r(1687);class o{constructor(e,t){this.agentIdentifier=e,this.ee=n.ee.get(e),this.featureName=t,this.blocked=!1}deregisterDrain(){(0,i.x3)(this.agentIdentifier,this.featureName)}}},7767:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{V:()=>o});var n=r(9417),i=r(6154);const o=e=>i.RI&&!0===(0,n.gD)(e,"privacy.cookies_enabled")},425:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{j:()=>j});var n=r(860),i=r(2555),o=r(3371),a=r(9908),s=r(7836),c=r(1687),u=r(5289),d=r(6154),l=r(944),f=r(3969),h=r(384),p=r(6344);const g=["setErrorHandler","finished","addToTrace","addRelease","addPageAction","setCurrentRouteName","setPageViewName","setCustomAttribute","interaction","noticeError","setUserId","setApplicationVersion","start",p.G4.RECORD,p.G4.PAUSE,"log","wrapLogger"],m=["setErrorHandler","finished","addToTrace","addRelease"];var v=r(1863),b=r(2614),y=r(993),w=r(3785),R=r(2646),x=r(3434);function T(e,t,r,n){if("object"!=typeof t||!t||"string"!=typeof r||!r||"function"!=typeof t[r])return(0,l.R)(29);const i=function(e){return(e||s.ee).get("logger")}(e),o=(0,x.YM)(i),a=new R.y(s.P);return a.level=n.level,a.customAttributes=n.customAttributes,o.inPlace(t,[r],"wrap-logger-",a),i}function A(){const e=(0,h.pV)();g.forEach((t=>{e[t]=(...r)=>function(t,...r){let n=[];return Object.values(e.initializedAgents).forEach((e=>{e&&e.api?e.exposed&&e.api[t]&&n.push(e.api[t](...r)):(0,l.R)(38,t)})),n.length>1?n:n[0]}(t,...r)}))}const E={};var S=r(9417),N=r(5603),O=r(5284);const _=e=>{const t=e.startsWith("http");e+="/",r.p=t?e:"https://"+e};let I=!1;function j(e,t={},g,R){let{init:x,info:j,loader_config:P,runtime:C={},exposed:k=!0}=t;C.loaderType=g;const L=(0,h.pV)();j||(x=L.init,j=L.info,P=L.loader_config),(0,S.xN)(e.agentIdentifier,x||{}),(0,N.a)(e.agentIdentifier,P||{}),j.jsAttributes??={},d.bv&&(j.jsAttributes.isWorker=!0),(0,i.x1)(e.agentIdentifier,j);const H=(0,S.D0)(e.agentIdentifier),D=[j.beacon,j.errorBeacon];I||(H.proxy.assets&&(_(H.proxy.assets),D.push(H.proxy.assets)),H.proxy.beacon&&D.push(H.proxy.beacon),A(),(0,h.US)("activatedFeatures",O.B),e.runSoftNavOverSpa&&=!0===H.soft_navigations.enabled&&H.feature_flags.includes("soft_nav")),C.denyList=[...H.ajax.deny_list||[],...H.ajax.block_internal?D:[]],C.ptid=e.agentIdentifier,(0,o.V)(e.agentIdentifier,C),e.ee=s.ee.get(e.agentIdentifier),void 0===e.api&&(e.api=function(e,t,h=!1){t||(0,c.Ak)(e,"api");const g={};var R=s.ee.get(e),x=R.get("tracer");E[e]=b.g.OFF,R.on(p.G4.REPLAY_RUNNING,(t=>{E[e]=t}));var A="api-",S=A+"ixn-";function N(t,r,n,o){const a=(0,i.Vp)(e);return null===r?delete a.jsAttributes[t]:(0,i.x1)(e,{...a,jsAttributes:{...a.jsAttributes,[t]:r}}),I(A,n,!0,o||null===r?"session":void 0)(t,r)}function O(){}g.log=function(e,{customAttributes:t={},level:r=y.p_.INFO}={}){(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/log/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),(0,w.R)(R,e,t,r)},g.wrapLogger=(e,t,{customAttributes:r={},level:i=y.p_.INFO}={})=>{(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/wrapLogger/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),T(R,e,t,{customAttributes:r,level:i})},m.forEach((e=>{g[e]=I(A,e,!0,"api")})),g.addPageAction=I(A,"addPageAction",!0,n.K7.genericEvents),g.setPageViewName=function(t,r){if("string"==typeof t)return"/"!==t.charAt(0)&&(t="/"+t),(0,o.f)(e).customTransaction=(r||"http://custom.transaction")+t,I(A,"setPageViewName",!0)()},g.setCustomAttribute=function(e,t,r=!1){if("string"==typeof e){if(["string","number","boolean"].includes(typeof t)||null===t)return N(e,t,"setCustomAttribute",r);(0,l.R)(40,typeof t)}else(0,l.R)(39,typeof e)},g.setUserId=function(e){if("string"==typeof e||null===e)return N("enduser.id",e,"setUserId",!0);(0,l.R)(41,typeof e)},g.setApplicationVersion=function(e){if("string"==typeof e||null===e)return N("application.version",e,"setApplicationVersion",!1);(0,l.R)(42,typeof e)},g.start=()=>{try{(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/start/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),R.emit("manual-start-all")}catch(e){(0,l.R)(23,e)}},g[p.G4.RECORD]=function(){(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/recordReplay/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),(0,a.p)(p.G4.RECORD,[],void 0,n.K7.sessionReplay,R)},g[p.G4.PAUSE]=function(){(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/pauseReplay/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),(0,a.p)(p.G4.PAUSE,[],void 0,n.K7.sessionReplay,R)},g.interaction=function(e){return(new O).get("object"==typeof e?e:{})};const _=O.prototype={createTracer:function(e,t){var r={},i=this,o="function"==typeof t;return(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/createTracer/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),h||(0,a.p)(S+"tracer",[(0,v.t)(),e,r],i,n.K7.spa,R),function(){if(x.emit((o?"":"no-")+"fn-start",[(0,v.t)(),i,o],r),o)try{return t.apply(this,arguments)}catch(e){const t="string"==typeof e?new Error(e):e;throw x.emit("fn-err",[arguments,this,t],r),t}finally{x.emit("fn-end",[(0,v.t)()],r)}}}};function I(e,t,r,i){return function(){return(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/"+t+"/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),i&&(0,a.p)(e+t,[(0,v.t)(),...arguments],r?null:this,i,R),r?void 0:this}}function j(){r.e(478).then(r.bind(r,8778)).then((({setAPI:t})=>{t(e),(0,c.Ze)(e,"api")})).catch((e=>{(0,l.R)(27,e),R.abort()}))}return["actionText","setName","setAttribute","save","ignore","onEnd","getContext","end","get"].forEach((e=>{_[e]=I(S,e,void 0,h?n.K7.softNav:n.K7.spa)})),g.setCurrentRouteName=h?I(S,"routeName",void 0,n.K7.softNav):I(A,"routeName",!0,n.K7.spa),g.noticeError=function(t,r){"string"==typeof t&&(t=new Error(t)),(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/noticeError/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),(0,a.p)("err",[t,(0,v.t)(),!1,r,!!E[e]],void 0,n.K7.jserrors,R)},d.RI?(0,u.GG)((()=>j()),!0):j(),g}(e.agentIdentifier,R,e.runSoftNavOverSpa)),void 0===e.exposed&&(e.exposed=k),I=!0}},8374:(e,t,r)=>{r.nc=(()=>{try{return document?.currentScript?.nonce}catch(e){}return""})()},860:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{$J:()=>o,K7:()=>n,P3:()=>i});const n={ajax:"ajax",genericEvents:"generic_events",jserrors:"jserrors",logging:"logging",metrics:"metrics",pageAction:"page_action",pageViewEvent:"page_view_event",pageViewTiming:"page_view_timing",sessionReplay:"session_replay",sessionTrace:"session_trace",softNav:"soft_navigations",spa:"spa"},i={[n.pageViewEvent]:1,[n.pageViewTiming]:2,[n.metrics]:3,[n.jserrors]:4,[n.spa]:5,[n.ajax]:6,[n.sessionTrace]:7,[n.softNav]:8,[n.sessionReplay]:9,[n.logging]:10,[n.genericEvents]:11},o={[n.pageViewTiming]:"events",[n.ajax]:"events",[n.spa]:"events",[n.softNav]:"events",[n.metrics]:"jserrors",[n.jserrors]:"jserrors",[n.sessionTrace]:"browser/blobs",[n.sessionReplay]:"browser/blobs",[n.logging]:"browser/logs",[n.genericEvents]:"ins"}}},n={};function i(e){var t=n[e];if(void 0!==t)return t.exports;var o=n[e]={exports:{}};return r[e](o,o.exports,i),o.exports}i.m=r,i.d=(e,t)=>{for(var r in t)i.o(t,r)&&!i.o(e,r)&&Object.defineProperty(e,r,{enumerable:!0,get:t[r]})},i.f={},i.e=e=>Promise.all(Object.keys(i.f).reduce(((t,r)=>(i.f[r](e,t),t)),[])),i.u=e=>({212:"nr-spa-compressor",249:"nr-spa-recorder",478:"nr-spa"}[e]+"-1.274.0.min.js"),i.o=(e,t)=>Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(e,t),e={},t="NRBA-1.274.0.PROD:",i.l=(r,n,o,a)=>{if(e[r])e[r].push(n);else{var s,c;if(void 0!==o)for(var u=document.getElementsByTagName("script"),d=0;d<u.length;d++){var l=u[d];if(l.getAttribute("src")==r||l.getAttribute("data-webpack")==t+o){s=l;break}}if(!s){c=!0;var f={478:"sha512-1vUqEfJPB8Pihje9mv5CfYgkitO1FWcS+UQb84DbXqP8oYctRv4/lzl/MzNLPlRhcY1WVDBGL20I8vm6s2VV7g==",249:"sha512-Y/BeZAh6VSTmUtUNmS5XdyKxL92s30Fyyj8xVW76HSPxcKItL4+x2+kGMZc8pMJnUpZDz1L4eftZQAJh3D8NnA==",212:"sha512-Gn2tQ3qog5Yhrx/gRutkSTYPp+7nkKFt4/mIXg99LxcNpMDAYJZDBYmAACdoHNM86+iq1F3cBcQotFNzjIX8bw=="};(s=document.createElement("script")).charset="utf-8",s.timeout=120,i.nc&&s.setAttribute("nonce",i.nc),s.setAttribute("data-webpack",t+o),s.src=r,0!==s.src.indexOf(window.location.origin+"/")&&(s.crossOrigin="anonymous"),f[a]&&(s.integrity=f[a])}e[r]=[n];var h=(t,n)=>{s.onerror=s.onload=null,clearTimeout(p);var i=e[r];if(delete e[r],s.parentNode&&s.parentNode.removeChild(s),i&&i.forEach((e=>e(n))),t)return t(n)},p=setTimeout(h.bind(null,void 0,{type:"timeout",target:s}),12e4);s.onerror=h.bind(null,s.onerror),s.onload=h.bind(null,s.onload),c&&document.head.appendChild(s)}},i.r=e=>{"undefined"!=typeof Symbol&&Symbol.toStringTag&&Object.defineProperty(e,Symbol.toStringTag,{value:"Module"}),Object.defineProperty(e,"__esModule",{value:!0})},i.p="https://js-agent.newrelic.com/",(()=>{var e={38:0,788:0};i.f.j=(t,r)=>{var n=i.o(e,t)?e[t]:void 0;if(0!==n)if(n)r.push(n[2]);else{var o=new Promise(((r,i)=>n=e[t]=[r,i]));r.push(n[2]=o);var a=i.p+i.u(t),s=new Error;i.l(a,(r=>{if(i.o(e,t)&&(0!==(n=e[t])&&(e[t]=void 0),n)){var o=r&&("load"===r.type?"missing":r.type),a=r&&r.target&&r.target.src;s.message="Loading chunk "+t+" failed.\n("+o+": "+a+")",s.name="ChunkLoadError",s.type=o,s.request=a,n[1](s)}}),"chunk-"+t,t)}};var t=(t,r)=>{var n,o,[a,s,c]=r,u=0;if(a.some((t=>0!==e[t]))){for(n in s)i.o(s,n)&&(i.m[n]=s[n]);if(c)c(i)}for(t&&t(r);u<a.length;u++)o=a[u],i.o(e,o)&&e[o]&&e[o][0](),e[o]=0},r=self["webpackChunk:NRBA-1.274.0.PROD"]=self["webpackChunk:NRBA-1.274.0.PROD"]||[];r.forEach(t.bind(null,0)),r.push=t.bind(null,r.push.bind(r))})(),(()=>{"use strict";i(8374);var e=i(944),t=i(6344),r=i(9566);class n{agentIdentifier;constructor(e=(0,r.LA)(16)){this.agentIdentifier=e}#e(t,...r){if("function"==typeof this.api?.[t])return this.api[t](...r);(0,e.R)(35,t)}addPageAction(e,t){return this.#e("addPageAction",e,t)}setPageViewName(e,t){return this.#e("setPageViewName",e,t)}setCustomAttribute(e,t,r){return this.#e("setCustomAttribute",e,t,r)}noticeError(e,t){return this.#e("noticeError",e,t)}setUserId(e){return this.#e("setUserId",e)}setApplicationVersion(e){return this.#e("setApplicationVersion",e)}setErrorHandler(e){return this.#e("setErrorHandler",e)}addRelease(e,t){return this.#e("addRelease",e,t)}log(e,t){return this.#e("log",e,t)}}class o extends n{#e(t,...r){if("function"==typeof this.api?.[t])return this.api[t](...r);(0,e.R)(35,t)}start(){return this.#e("start")}finished(e){return this.#e("finished",e)}recordReplay(){return this.#e(t.G4.RECORD)}pauseReplay(){return this.#e(t.G4.PAUSE)}addToTrace(e){return this.#e("addToTrace",e)}setCurrentRouteName(e){return this.#e("setCurrentRouteName",e)}interaction(){return this.#e("interaction")}wrapLogger(e,t,r){return this.#e("wrapLogger",e,t,r)}}var a=i(860),s=i(9417);const c=Object.values(a.K7);function u(e){const t={};return c.forEach((r=>{t[r]=function(e,t){return!0===(0,s.gD)(t,"".concat(e,".enabled"))}(r,e)})),t}var d=i(425);var l=i(1687),f=i(4234),h=i(5289),p=i(6154),g=i(5270),m=i(7767),v=i(6389);class b extends f.W{constructor(e,t,r=!0){super(e.agentIdentifier,t),this.auto=r,this.abortHandler=void 0,this.featAggregate=void 0,this.onAggregateImported=void 0,!1===e.init[this.featureName].autoStart&&(this.auto=!1),this.auto?(0,l.Ak)(e.agentIdentifier,t):this.ee.on("manual-start-all",(0,v.J)((()=>{(0,l.Ak)(e.agentIdentifier,this.featureName),this.auto=!0,this.importAggregator(e)})))}importAggregator(t,r={}){if(this.featAggregate||!this.auto)return;let n;this.onAggregateImported=new Promise((e=>{n=e}));const o=async()=>{let o;try{if((0,m.V)(this.agentIdentifier)){const{setupAgentSession:e}=await i.e(478).then(i.bind(i,6526));o=e(t)}}catch(t){(0,e.R)(20,t),this.ee.emit("internal-error",[t]),this.featureName===a.K7.sessionReplay&&this.abortHandler?.()}try{if(t.sharedAggregator)await t.sharedAggregator;else{t.sharedAggregator=i.e(478).then(i.bind(i,9337));const{EventAggregator:e}=await t.sharedAggregator;t.sharedAggregator=new e}if(!this.#t(this.featureName,o))return(0,l.Ze)(this.agentIdentifier,this.featureName),void n(!1);const{lazyFeatureLoader:e}=await i.e(478).then(i.bind(i,6103)),{Aggregate:a}=await e(this.featureName,"aggregate");this.featAggregate=new a(t,r),n(!0)}catch(t){(0,e.R)(34,t),this.abortHandler?.(),(0,l.Ze)(this.agentIdentifier,this.featureName,!0),n(!1),this.ee&&this.ee.abort()}};p.RI?(0,h.GG)((()=>o()),!0):o()}#t(e,t){switch(e){case a.K7.sessionReplay:return(0,g.SR)(this.agentIdentifier)&&!!t;case a.K7.sessionTrace:return!!t;default:return!0}}}var y=i(6630);class w extends b{static featureName=y.T;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,y.T,t),this.importAggregator(e)}}var R=i(384);var x=i(9908),T=i(2843),A=i(3878),E=i(782),S=i(1863);class N extends b{static featureName=E.T;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,E.T,t),p.RI&&((0,T.u)((()=>(0,x.p)("docHidden",[(0,S.t)()],void 0,E.T,this.ee)),!0),(0,A.sp)("pagehide",(()=>(0,x.p)("winPagehide",[(0,S.t)()],void 0,E.T,this.ee))),this.importAggregator(e))}}var O=i(3969);class _ extends b{static featureName=O.TZ;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,O.TZ,t),this.importAggregator(e)}}var I=i(6774),j=i(3304);class P{constructor(e,t,r,n,i){this.name="UncaughtError",this.message="string"==typeof e?e:(0,j.A)(e),this.sourceURL=t,this.line=r,this.column=n,this.__newrelic=i}}function C(e){return H(e)?e:new P(void 0!==e?.message?e.message:e,e?.filename||e?.sourceURL,e?.lineno||e?.line,e?.colno||e?.col,e?.__newrelic)}function k(e){const t="Unhandled Promise Rejection";if(!e?.reason)return;if(H(e.reason))try{return e.reason.message=t+": "+e.reason.message,C(e.reason)}catch(t){return C(e.reason)}const r=C(e.reason);return r.message=t+": "+r?.message,r}function L(e){if(e.error instanceof SyntaxError&&!/:\d+$/.test(e.error.stack?.trim())){const t=new P(e.message,e.filename,e.lineno,e.colno,e.error.__newrelic);return t.name=SyntaxError.name,t}return H(e.error)?e.error:C(e)}function H(e){return e instanceof Error&&!!e.stack}class D extends b{static featureName=I.T;#r=!1;constructor(e,r=!0){super(e,I.T,r);try{this.removeOnAbort=new AbortController}catch(e){}this.ee.on("internal-error",(e=>{this.abortHandler&&(0,x.p)("ierr",[C(e),(0,S.t)(),!0,{},this.#r],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)})),this.ee.on(t.G4.REPLAY_RUNNING,(e=>{this.#r=e})),p.gm.addEventListener("unhandledrejection",(e=>{this.abortHandler&&(0,x.p)("err",[k(e),(0,S.t)(),!1,{unhandledPromiseRejection:1},this.#r],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)}),(0,A.jT)(!1,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),p.gm.addEventListener("error",(e=>{this.abortHandler&&(0,x.p)("err",[L(e),(0,S.t)(),!1,{},this.#r],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)}),(0,A.jT)(!1,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),this.abortHandler=this.#n,this.importAggregator(e)}#n(){this.removeOnAbort?.abort(),this.abortHandler=void 0}}var M=i(8990);let K=1;const U="nr@id";function V(e){const t=typeof e;return!e||"object"!==t&&"function"!==t?-1:e===p.gm?0:(0,M.I)(e,U,(function(){return K++}))}function G(e){if("string"==typeof e&&e.length)return e.length;if("object"==typeof e){if("undefined"!=typeof ArrayBuffer&&e instanceof ArrayBuffer&&e.byteLength)return e.byteLength;if("undefined"!=typeof Blob&&e instanceof Blob&&e.size)return e.size;if(!("undefined"!=typeof FormData&&e instanceof FormData))try{return(0,j.A)(e).length}catch(e){return}}}var F=i(8139),B=i(7836),W=i(3434);const z={},q=["open","send"];function Z(t){var r=t||B.ee;const n=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get("xhr")}(r);if(z[n.debugId]++)return n;z[n.debugId]=1,(0,F.u)(r);var i=(0,W.YM)(n),o=p.gm.XMLHttpRequest,a=p.gm.MutationObserver,s=p.gm.Promise,c=p.gm.setInterval,u="readystatechange",d=["onload","onerror","onabort","onloadstart","onloadend","onprogress","ontimeout"],l=[],f=p.gm.XMLHttpRequest=function(t){const r=new o(t),a=n.context(r);try{n.emit("new-xhr",[r],a),r.addEventListener(u,(s=a,function(){var e=this;e.readyState>3&&!s.resolved&&(s.resolved=!0,n.emit("xhr-resolved",[],e)),i.inPlace(e,d,"fn-",y)}),(0,A.jT)(!1))}catch(t){(0,e.R)(15,t);try{n.emit("internal-error",[t])}catch(e){}}var s;return r};function h(e,t){i.inPlace(t,["onreadystatechange"],"fn-",y)}if(function(e,t){for(var r in e)t[r]=e[r]}(o,f),f.prototype=o.prototype,i.inPlace(f.prototype,q,"-xhr-",y),n.on("send-xhr-start",(function(e,t){h(e,t),function(e){l.push(e),a&&(g?g.then(b):c?c(b):(m=-m,v.data=m))}(t)})),n.on("open-xhr-start",h),a){var g=s&&s.resolve();if(!c&&!s){var m=1,v=document.createTextNode(m);new a(b).observe(v,{characterData:!0})}}else r.on("fn-end",(function(e){e[0]&&e[0].type===u||b()}));function b(){for(var e=0;e<l.length;e++)h(0,l[e]);l.length&&(l=[])}function y(e,t){return t}return n}var Y="fetch-",X=Y+"body-",J=["arrayBuffer","blob","json","text","formData"],Q=p.gm.Request,ee=p.gm.Response,te="prototype";const re={};function ne(e){const t=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get("fetch")}(e);if(!(Q&&ee&&p.gm.fetch))return t;if(re[t.debugId]++)return t;function r(e,r,n){var i=e[r];"function"==typeof i&&(e[r]=function(){var e,r=[...arguments],o={};t.emit(n+"before-start",[r],o),o[B.P]&&o[B.P].dt&&(e=o[B.P].dt);var a=i.apply(this,r);return t.emit(n+"start",[r,e],a),a.then((function(e){return t.emit(n+"end",[null,e],a),e}),(function(e){throw t.emit(n+"end",[e],a),e}))})}return re[t.debugId]=1,J.forEach((e=>{r(Q[te],e,X),r(ee[te],e,X)})),r(p.gm,"fetch",Y),t.on(Y+"end",(function(e,r){var n=this;if(r){var i=r.headers.get("content-length");null!==i&&(n.rxSize=i),t.emit(Y+"done",[null,r],n)}else t.emit(Y+"done",[e],n)})),t}var ie=i(7485),oe=i(5603);class ae{constructor(e){this.agentIdentifier=e}generateTracePayload(e){if(!this.shouldGenerateTrace(e))return null;var t=(0,oe.o)(this.agentIdentifier);if(!t)return null;var n=(t.accountID||"").toString()||null,i=(t.agentID||"").toString()||null,o=(t.trustKey||"").toString()||null;if(!n||!i)return null;var a=(0,r.ZF)(),s=(0,r.el)(),c=Date.now(),u={spanId:a,traceId:s,timestamp:c};return(e.sameOrigin||this.isAllowedOrigin(e)&&this.useTraceContextHeadersForCors())&&(u.traceContextParentHeader=this.generateTraceContextParentHeader(a,s),u.traceContextStateHeader=this.generateTraceContextStateHeader(a,c,n,i,o)),(e.sameOrigin&&!this.excludeNewrelicHeader()||!e.sameOrigin&&this.isAllowedOrigin(e)&&this.useNewrelicHeaderForCors())&&(u.newrelicHeader=this.generateTraceHeader(a,s,c,n,i,o)),u}generateTraceContextParentHeader(e,t){return"00-"+t+"-"+e+"-01"}generateTraceContextStateHeader(e,t,r,n,i){return i+"@nr=0-1-"+r+"-"+n+"-"+e+"----"+t}generateTraceHeader(e,t,r,n,i,o){if(!("function"==typeof p.gm?.btoa))return null;var a={v:[0,1],d:{ty:"Browser",ac:n,ap:i,id:e,tr:t,ti:r}};return o&&n!==o&&(a.d.tk=o),btoa((0,j.A)(a))}shouldGenerateTrace(e){return this.isDtEnabled()&&this.isAllowedOrigin(e)}isAllowedOrigin(e){var t=!1,r={};if((0,s.gD)(this.agentIdentifier,"distributed_tracing")&&(r=(0,s.D0)(this.agentIdentifier).distributed_tracing),e.sameOrigin)t=!0;else if(r.allowed_origins instanceof Array)for(var n=0;n<r.allowed_origins.length;n++){var i=(0,ie.D)(r.allowed_origins[n]);if(e.hostname===i.hostname&&e.protocol===i.protocol&&e.port===i.port){t=!0;break}}return t}isDtEnabled(){var e=(0,s.gD)(this.agentIdentifier,"distributed_tracing");return!!e&&!!e.enabled}excludeNewrelicHeader(){var e=(0,s.gD)(this.agentIdentifier,"distributed_tracing");return!!e&&!!e.exclude_newrelic_header}useNewrelicHeaderForCors(){var e=(0,s.gD)(this.agentIdentifier,"distributed_tracing");return!!e&&!1!==e.cors_use_newrelic_header}useTraceContextHeadersForCors(){var e=(0,s.gD)(this.agentIdentifier,"distributed_tracing");return!!e&&!!e.cors_use_tracecontext_headers}}var se=i(9300),ce=i(7295),ue=["load","error","abort","timeout"],de=ue.length,le=(0,R.dV)().o.REQ,fe=(0,R.dV)().o.XHR;class he extends b{static featureName=se.T;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,se.T,t),this.dt=new ae(e.agentIdentifier),this.handler=(e,t,r,n)=>(0,x.p)(e,t,r,n,this.ee);try{const e={xmlhttprequest:"xhr",fetch:"fetch",beacon:"beacon"};p.gm?.performance?.getEntriesByType("resource").forEach((t=>{if(t.initiatorType in e&&0!==t.responseStatus){const r={status:t.responseStatus},n={rxSize:t.transferSize,duration:Math.floor(t.duration),cbTime:0};pe(r,t.name),this.handler("xhr",[r,n,t.startTime,t.responseEnd,e[t.initiatorType]],void 0,a.K7.ajax)}}))}catch(e){}ne(this.ee),Z(this.ee),function(e,t,r,n){function i(e){var t=this;t.totalCbs=0,t.called=0,t.cbTime=0,t.end=R,t.ended=!1,t.xhrGuids={},t.lastSize=null,t.loadCaptureCalled=!1,t.params=this.params||{},t.metrics=this.metrics||{},e.addEventListener("load",(function(r){T(t,e)}),(0,A.jT)(!1)),p.lR||e.addEventListener("progress",(function(e){t.lastSize=e.loaded}),(0,A.jT)(!1))}function o(e){this.params={method:e[0]},pe(this,e[1]),this.metrics={}}function s(t,r){e.loader_config.xpid&&this.sameOrigin&&r.setRequestHeader("X-NewRelic-ID",e.loader_config.xpid);var i=n.generateTracePayload(this.parsedOrigin);if(i){var o=!1;i.newrelicHeader&&(r.setRequestHeader("newrelic",i.newrelicHeader),o=!0),i.traceContextParentHeader&&(r.setRequestHeader("traceparent",i.traceContextParentHeader),i.traceContextStateHeader&&r.setRequestHeader("tracestate",i.traceContextStateHeader),o=!0),o&&(this.dt=i)}}function c(e,r){var n=this.metrics,i=e[0],o=this;if(n&&i){var a=G(i);a&&(n.txSize=a)}this.startTime=(0,S.t)(),this.body=i,this.listener=function(e){try{"abort"!==e.type||o.loadCaptureCalled||(o.params.aborted=!0),("load"!==e.type||o.called===o.totalCbs&&(o.onloadCalled||"function"!=typeof r.onload)&&"function"==typeof o.end)&&o.end(r)}catch(e){try{t.emit("internal-error",[e])}catch(e){}}};for(var s=0;s<de;s++)r.addEventListener(ue[s],this.listener,(0,A.jT)(!1))}function u(e,t,r){this.cbTime+=e,t?this.onloadCalled=!0:this.called+=1,this.called!==this.totalCbs||!this.onloadCalled&&"function"==typeof r.onload||"function"!=typeof this.end||this.end(r)}function d(e,t){var r=""+V(e)+!!t;this.xhrGuids&&!this.xhrGuids[r]&&(this.xhrGuids[r]=!0,this.totalCbs+=1)}function l(e,t){var r=""+V(e)+!!t;this.xhrGuids&&this.xhrGuids[r]&&(delete this.xhrGuids[r],this.totalCbs-=1)}function f(){this.endTime=(0,S.t)()}function h(e,r){r instanceof fe&&"load"===e[0]&&t.emit("xhr-load-added",[e[1],e[2]],r)}function g(e,r){r instanceof fe&&"load"===e[0]&&t.emit("xhr-load-removed",[e[1],e[2]],r)}function m(e,t,r){t instanceof fe&&("onload"===r&&(this.onload=!0),("load"===(e[0]&&e[0].type)||this.onload)&&(this.xhrCbStart=(0,S.t)()))}function v(e,r){this.xhrCbStart&&t.emit("xhr-cb-time",[(0,S.t)()-this.xhrCbStart,this.onload,r],r)}function b(e){var t,r=e[1]||{};if("string"==typeof e[0]?0===(t=e[0]).length&&p.RI&&(t=""+p.gm.location.href):e[0]&&e[0].url?t=e[0].url:p.gm?.URL&&e[0]&&e[0]instanceof URL?t=e[0].href:"function"==typeof e[0].toString&&(t=e[0].toString()),"string"==typeof t&&0!==t.length){t&&(this.parsedOrigin=(0,ie.D)(t),this.sameOrigin=this.parsedOrigin.sameOrigin);var i=n.generateTracePayload(this.parsedOrigin);if(i&&(i.newrelicHeader||i.traceContextParentHeader))if(e[0]&&e[0].headers)s(e[0].headers,i)&&(this.dt=i);else{var o={};for(var a in r)o[a]=r[a];o.headers=new Headers(r.headers||{}),s(o.headers,i)&&(this.dt=i),e.length>1?e[1]=o:e.push(o)}}function s(e,t){var r=!1;return t.newrelicHeader&&(e.set("newrelic",t.newrelicHeader),r=!0),t.traceContextParentHeader&&(e.set("traceparent",t.traceContextParentHeader),t.traceContextStateHeader&&e.set("tracestate",t.traceContextStateHeader),r=!0),r}}function y(e,t){this.params={},this.metrics={},this.startTime=(0,S.t)(),this.dt=t,e.length>=1&&(this.target=e[0]),e.length>=2&&(this.opts=e[1]);var r,n=this.opts||{},i=this.target;"string"==typeof i?r=i:"object"==typeof i&&i instanceof le?r=i.url:p.gm?.URL&&"object"==typeof i&&i instanceof URL&&(r=i.href),pe(this,r);var o=(""+(i&&i instanceof le&&i.method||n.method||"GET")).toUpperCase();this.params.method=o,this.body=n.body,this.txSize=G(n.body)||0}function w(e,t){if(this.endTime=(0,S.t)(),this.params||(this.params={}),(0,ce.iW)(this.params))return;let n;this.params.status=t?t.status:0,"string"==typeof this.rxSize&&this.rxSize.length>0&&(n=+this.rxSize);const i={txSize:this.txSize,rxSize:n,duration:(0,S.t)()-this.startTime};r("xhr",[this.params,i,this.startTime,this.endTime,"fetch"],this,a.K7.ajax)}function R(e){const t=this.params,n=this.metrics;if(!this.ended){this.ended=!0;for(let t=0;t<de;t++)e.removeEventListener(ue[t],this.listener,!1);t.aborted||(0,ce.iW)(t)||(n.duration=(0,S.t)()-this.startTime,this.loadCazptureCalled||4!==e.readyState?null==t.status&&(t.status=0):T(this,e),n.cbTime=this.cbTime,r("xhr",[t,n,this.startTime,this.endTime,"xhr"],this,a.K7.ajax))}}function T(e,r){e.params.status=r.status;var n=function(e,t){var r=e.responseType;return"json"===r&&null!==t?t:"arraybuffer"===r||"blob"===r||"json"===r?G(e.response):"text"===r||""===r||void 0===r?G(e.responseText):void 0}(r,e.lastSize);if(n&&(e.metrics.rxSize=n),e.sameOrigin){var i=r.getResponseHeader("X-NewRelic-App-Data");i&&((0,x.p)(O.rs,["Ajax/CrossApplicationTracing/Header/Seen"],void 0,a.K7.metrics,t),e.params.cat=i.split(", ").pop())}e.loadCaptureCalled=!0}t.on("new-xhr",i),t.on("open-xhr-start",o),t.on("open-xhr-end",s),t.on("send-xhr-start",c),t.on("xhr-cb-time",u),t.on("xhr-load-added",d),t.on("xhr-load-removed",l),t.on("xhr-resolved",f),t.on("addEventListener-end",h),t.on("removeEventListener-end",g),t.on("fn-end",v),t.on("fetch-before-start",b),t.on("fetch-start",y),t.on("fn-start",m),t.on("fetch-done",w)}(e,this.ee,this.handler,this.dt),this.importAggregator(e)}}function pe(e,t){var r=(0,ie.D)(t),n=e.params||e;n.hostname=r.hostname,n.port=r.port,n.protocol=r.protocol,n.host=r.hostname+":"+r.port,n.pathname=r.pathname,e.parsedOrigin=r,e.sameOrigin=r.sameOrigin}const ge={},me=["pushState","replaceState"];function ve(e){const t=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get("history")}(e);return!p.RI||ge[t.debugId]++||(ge[t.debugId]=1,(0,W.YM)(t).inPlace(window.history,me,"-")),t}var be=i(3738);const{He:ye,bD:we,d3:Re,Kp:xe,TZ:Te,Lc:Ae,uP:Ee,Rz:Se}=be;class Ne extends b{static featureName=Te;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,Te,t);if(!(0,m.V)(this.agentIdentifier))return void this.deregisterDrain();const r=this.ee;let n;ve(r),this.eventsEE=(0,F.u)(r),this.eventsEE.on(Ee,(function(e,t){this.bstStart=(0,S.t)()})),this.eventsEE.on(Ae,(function(e,t){(0,x.p)("bst",[e[0],t,this.bstStart,(0,S.t)()],void 0,a.K7.sessionTrace,r)})),r.on(Se+Re,(function(e){this.time=(0,S.t)(),this.startPath=location.pathname+location.hash})),r.on(Se+xe,(function(e){(0,x.p)("bstHist",[location.pathname+location.hash,this.startPath,this.time],void 0,a.K7.sessionTrace,r)}));try{n=new PerformanceObserver((e=>{const t=e.getEntries();(0,x.p)(ye,[t],void 0,a.K7.sessionTrace,r)})),n.observe({type:we,buffered:!0})}catch(e){}this.importAggregator(e,{resourceObserver:n})}}var Oe=i(2614);class _e extends b{static featureName=t.TZ;#i;#o;constructor(e,r=!0){let n;super(e,t.TZ,r),this.replayRunning=!1,this.#o=e;try{n=JSON.parse(localStorage.getItem("".concat(Oe.H3,"_").concat(Oe.uh)))}catch(e){}(0,g.SR)(e.agentIdentifier)&&this.ee.on(t.G4.RECORD,(()=>this.#a())),this.#s(n)?(this.#i=n?.sessionReplayMode,this.#c()):this.importAggregator(e),this.ee.on("err",(e=>{this.replayRunning&&(this.errorNoticed=!0,(0,x.p)(t.G4.ERROR_DURING_REPLAY,[e],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee))})),this.ee.on(t.G4.REPLAY_RUNNING,(e=>{this.replayRunning=e}))}#s(e){return e&&(e.sessionReplayMode===Oe.g.FULL||e.sessionReplayMode===Oe.g.ERROR)||(0,g.Aw)(this.agentIdentifier)}#u=!1;async#c(e){if(!this.#u){this.#u=!0;try{const{Recorder:t}=await Promise.all([i.e(478),i.e(249)]).then(i.bind(i,8589));this.recorder??=new t({mode:this.#i,agentIdentifier:this.agentIdentifier,trigger:e,ee:this.ee}),this.recorder.startRecording(),this.abortHandler=this.recorder.stopRecording}catch(e){}this.importAggregator(this.#o,{recorder:this.recorder,errorNoticed:this.errorNoticed})}}#a(){this.featAggregate?this.featAggregate.mode!==Oe.g.FULL&&this.featAggregate.initializeRecording(Oe.g.FULL,!0):(this.#i=Oe.g.FULL,this.#c(t.Qb.API),this.recorder&&this.recorder.parent.mode!==Oe.g.FULL&&(this.recorder.parent.mode=Oe.g.FULL,this.recorder.stopRecording(),this.recorder.startRecording(),this.abortHandler=this.recorder.stopRecording))}}var Ie=i(3962);class je extends b{static featureName=Ie.TZ;constructor(e,t=!0){if(super(e,Ie.TZ,t),!p.RI||!(0,R.dV)().o.MO)return;const r=ve(this.ee);Ie.tC.forEach((e=>{(0,A.sp)(e,(e=>{a(e)}),!0)}));const n=()=>(0,x.p)("newURL",[(0,S.t)(),""+window.location],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee);r.on("pushState-end",n),r.on("replaceState-end",n);try{this.removeOnAbort=new AbortController}catch(e){}(0,A.sp)("popstate",(e=>(0,x.p)("newURL",[e.timeStamp,""+window.location],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)),!0,this.removeOnAbort?.signal);let i=!1;const o=new((0,R.dV)().o.MO)(((e,t)=>{i||(i=!0,requestAnimationFrame((()=>{(0,x.p)("newDom",[(0,S.t)()],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee),i=!1})))})),a=(0,v.s)((e=>{(0,x.p)("newUIEvent",[e],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee),o.observe(document.body,{attributes:!0,childList:!0,subtree:!0,characterData:!0})}),100,{leading:!0});this.abortHandler=function(){this.removeOnAbort?.abort(),o.disconnect(),this.abortHandler=void 0},this.importAggregator(e,{domObserver:o})}}var Pe=i(7378);const Ce={},ke=["appendChild","insertBefore","replaceChild"];function Le(e){const t=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get("jsonp")}(e);if(!p.RI||Ce[t.debugId])return t;Ce[t.debugId]=!0;var r=(0,W.YM)(t),n=/[?&](?:callback|cb)=([^&#]+)/,i=/(.*)\.([^.]+)/,o=/^(\w+)(\.|$)(.*)$/;function a(e,t){if(!e)return t;const r=e.match(o),n=r[1];return a(r[3],t[n])}return r.inPlace(Node.prototype,ke,"dom-"),t.on("dom-start",(function(e){!function(e){if(!e||"string"!=typeof e.nodeName||"script"!==e.nodeName.toLowerCase())return;if("function"!=typeof e.addEventListener)return;var o=(s=e.src,c=s.match(n),c?c[1]:null);var s,c;if(!o)return;var u=function(e){var t=e.match(i);if(t&&t.length>=3)return{key:t[2],parent:a(t[1],window)};return{key:e,parent:window}}(o);if("function"!=typeof u.parent[u.key])return;var d={};function l(){t.emit("jsonp-end",[],d),e.removeEventListener("load",l,(0,A.jT)(!1)),e.removeEventListener("error",f,(0,A.jT)(!1))}function f(){t.emit("jsonp-error",[],d),t.emit("jsonp-end",[],d),e.removeEventListener("load",l,(0,A.jT)(!1)),e.removeEventListener("error",f,(0,A.jT)(!1))}r.inPlace(u.parent,[u.key],"cb-",d),e.addEventListener("load",l,(0,A.jT)(!1)),e.addEventListener("error",f,(0,A.jT)(!1)),t.emit("new-jsonp",[e.src],d)}(e[0])})),t}const He={};function De(e){const t=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get("promise")}(e);if(He[t.debugId])return t;He[t.debugId]=!0;var r=t.context,n=(0,W.YM)(t),i=p.gm.Promise;return i&&function(){function e(r){var o=t.context(),a=n(r,"executor-",o,null,!1);const s=Reflect.construct(i,[a],e);return t.context(s).getCtx=function(){return o},s}p.gm.Promise=e,Object.defineProperty(e,"name",{value:"Promise"}),e.toString=function(){return i.toString()},Object.setPrototypeOf(e,i),["all","race"].forEach((function(r){const n=i[r];e[r]=function(e){let i=!1;[...e||[]].forEach((e=>{this.resolve(e).then(a("all"===r),a(!1))}));const o=n.apply(this,arguments);return o;function a(e){return function(){t.emit("propagate",[null,!i],o,!1,!1),i=i||!e}}}})),["resolve","reject"].forEach((function(r){const n=i[r];e[r]=function(e){const r=n.apply(this,arguments);return e!==r&&t.emit("propagate",[e,!0],r,!1,!1),r}})),e.prototype=i.prototype;const o=i.prototype.then;i.prototype.then=function(...e){var i=this,a=r(i);a.promise=i,e[0]=n(e[0],"cb-",a,null,!1),e[1]=n(e[1],"cb-",a,null,!1);const s=o.apply(this,e);return a.nextPromise=s,t.emit("propagate",[i,!0],s,!1,!1),s},i.prototype.then[W.Jt]=o,t.on("executor-start",(function(e){e[0]=n(e[0],"resolve-",this,null,!1),e[1]=n(e[1],"resolve-",this,null,!1)})),t.on("executor-err",(function(e,t,r){e[1](r)})),t.on("cb-end",(function(e,r,n){t.emit("propagate",[n,!0],this.nextPromise,!1,!1)})),t.on("propagate",(function(e,r,n){this.getCtx&&!r||(this.getCtx=function(){if(e instanceof Promise)var r=t.context(e);return r&&r.getCtx?r.getCtx():this})}))}(),t}const Me={},Ke="setTimeout",Ue="setInterval",Ve="clearTimeout",Ge="-start",Fe=[Ke,"setImmediate",Ue,Ve,"clearImmediate"];function Be(e){const t=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get("timer")}(e);if(Me[t.debugId]++)return t;Me[t.debugId]=1;var r=(0,W.YM)(t);return r.inPlace(p.gm,Fe.slice(0,2),Ke+"-"),r.inPlace(p.gm,Fe.slice(2,3),Ue+"-"),r.inPlace(p.gm,Fe.slice(3),Ve+"-"),t.on(Ue+Ge,(function(e,t,n){e[0]=r(e[0],"fn-",null,n)})),t.on(Ke+Ge,(function(e,t,n){this.method=n,this.timerDuration=isNaN(e[1])?0:+e[1],e[0]=r(e[0],"fn-",this,n)})),t}const We={};function ze(e){const t=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get("mutation")}(e);if(!p.RI||We[t.debugId])return t;We[t.debugId]=!0;var r=(0,W.YM)(t),n=p.gm.MutationObserver;return n&&(window.MutationObserver=function(e){return this instanceof n?new n(r(e,"fn-")):n.apply(this,arguments)},MutationObserver.prototype=n.prototype),t}const{TZ:qe,d3:Ze,Kp:Ye,$p:Xe,wW:Je,e5:Qe,tH:$e,uP:et,rw:tt,Lc:rt}=Pe;class nt extends b{static featureName=qe;constructor(e,t=!0){if(super(e,qe,t),!p.RI)return;try{this.removeOnAbort=new AbortController}catch(e){}let r,n=0;const i=this.ee.get("tracer"),o=Le(this.ee),a=De(this.ee),s=Be(this.ee),c=Z(this.ee),u=this.ee.get("events"),d=ne(this.ee),l=ve(this.ee),f=ze(this.ee);function h(e,t){l.emit("newURL",[""+window.location,t])}function g(){n++,r=window.location.hash,this[et]=(0,S.t)()}function m(){n--,window.location.hash!==r&&h(0,!0);var e=(0,S.t)();this[Qe]=~~this[Qe]+e-this[et],this[rt]=e}function v(e,t){e.on(t,(function(){this[t]=(0,S.t)()}))}this.ee.on(et,g),a.on(tt,g),o.on(tt,g),this.ee.on(rt,m),a.on(Je,m),o.on(Je,m),this.ee.on("fn-err",((...t)=>{t[2]?.__newrelic?.[e.agentIdentifier]||(0,x.p)("function-err",[...t],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)})),this.ee.buffer([et,rt,"xhr-resolved"],this.featureName),u.buffer([et],this.featureName),s.buffer(["setTimeout"+Ye,"clearTimeout"+Ze,et],this.featureName),c.buffer([et,"new-xhr","send-xhr"+Ze],this.featureName),d.buffer([$e+Ze,$e+"-done",$e+Xe+Ze,$e+Xe+Ye],this.featureName),l.buffer(["newURL"],this.featureName),f.buffer([et],this.featureName),a.buffer(["propagate",tt,Je,"executor-err","resolve"+Ze],this.featureName),i.buffer([et,"no-"+et],this.featureName),o.buffer(["new-jsonp","cb-start","jsonp-error","jsonp-end"],this.featureName),v(d,$e+Ze),v(d,$e+"-done"),v(o,"new-jsonp"),v(o,"jsonp-end"),v(o,"cb-start"),l.on("pushState-end",h),l.on("replaceState-end",h),window.addEventListener("hashchange",h,(0,A.jT)(!0,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),window.addEventListener("load",h,(0,A.jT)(!0,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),window.addEventListener("popstate",(function(){h(0,n>1)}),(0,A.jT)(!0,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),this.abortHandler=this.#n,this.importAggregator(e)}#n(){this.removeOnAbort?.abort(),this.abortHandler=void 0}}var it=i(3333);class ot extends b{static featureName=it.TZ;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,it.TZ,t);const r=[e.init.page_action.enabled,e.init.performance.capture_marks,e.init.performance.capture_measures,e.init.user_actions.enabled];p.RI&&e.init.user_actions.enabled&&(it.Zp.forEach((e=>(0,A.sp)(e,(e=>(0,x.p)("ua",[e],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)),!0))),it.qN.forEach((e=>(0,A.sp)(e,(e=>(0,x.p)("ua",[e],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)))))),r.some((e=>e))?this.importAggregator(e):this.deregisterDrain()}}var at=i(993),st=i(3785);class ct extends b{static featureName=at.TZ;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,at.TZ,t);const r=this.ee;this.ee.on("wrap-logger-end",(function([e]){const{level:t,customAttributes:n}=this;(0,st.R)(r,e,n,t)})),this.importAggregator(e)}}new class extends o{constructor(t,r){super(r),p.gm?(this.features={},(0,R.bQ)(this.agentIdentifier,this),this.desiredFeatures=new Set(t.features||[]),this.desiredFeatures.add(w),this.runSoftNavOverSpa=[...this.desiredFeatures].some((e=>e.featureName===a.K7.softNav)),(0,d.j)(this,t,t.loaderType||"agent"),this.run()):(0,e.R)(21)}get config(){return{info:this.info,init:this.init,loader_config:this.loader_config,runtime:this.runtime}}run(){try{const t=u(this.agentIdentifier),r=[...this.desiredFeatures];r.sort(((e,t)=>a.P3[e.featureName]-a.P3[t.featureName])),r.forEach((r=>{if(!t[r.featureName]&&r.featureName!==a.K7.pageViewEvent)return;if(this.runSoftNavOverSpa&&r.featureName===a.K7.spa)return;if(!this.runSoftNavOverSpa&&r.featureName===a.K7.softNav)return;const n=function(e){switch(e){case a.K7.ajax:return[a.K7.jserrors];case a.K7.sessionTrace:return[a.K7.ajax,a.K7.pageViewEvent];case a.K7.sessionReplay:return[a.K7.sessionTrace];case a.K7.pageViewTiming:return[a.K7.pageViewEvent];default:return[]}}(r.featureName).filter((e=>!(e in this.features)));n.length>0&&(0,e.R)(36,{targetFeature:r.featureName,missingDependencies:n}),this.features[r.featureName]=new r(this)}))}catch(t){(0,e.R)(22,t);for(const e in this.features)this.features[e].abortHandler?.();const r=(0,R.Zm)();delete r.initializedAgents[this.agentIdentifier]?.api,delete r.initializedAgents[this.agentIdentifier]?.features,delete this.sharedAggregator;return r.ee.get(this.agentIdentifier).abort(),!1}}}({features:[he,w,N,Ne,_e,_,D,ot,ct,je,nt],loaderType:"spa"})})()})();</script> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" /> <link rel="preload" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/wp-content/themes/nobelprize/assets/fonts/ivar/AlfredSerifText-Regular.woff2" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin="anonymous"> <link rel="preload" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/wp-content/themes/nobelprize/assets/fonts/alfred/AlfredSans-Regular.woff2" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin="anonymous"> <link rel="profile" href="http://gmpg.org/xfn/11"> <script>(function(html){html.className = html.className.replace(/\bno-js\b/,'js')})(document.documentElement);</script> <meta name='robots' content='index, follow, max-image-preview:large, max-snippet:-1, max-video-preview:-1' />  <title>Terms of use - NobelPrize.org</title> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/organization/terms-of-use/" /> <meta property="og:locale" content="en_US" /> <meta property="og:type" content="article" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.nobelprize.org/organization/terms-of-use/" /> <meta property="og:site_name" content="NobelPrize.org" /> <meta property="article:published_time" content="2018-08-14T11:13:27+00:00" /> <meta property="article:modified_time" content="2024-09-26T13:37:35+00:00" /> <meta name="author" content="Ulrika Royen" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" /> <meta name="twitter:label1" content="Written by" /> <meta name="twitter:data1" content="Ulrika Royen" /> <meta name="twitter:label2" content="Est. reading time" /> <meta name="twitter:data2" content="15 minutes" /> <script type="application/ld+json" class="yoast-schema-graph">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https://www.nobelprize.org/organization/terms-of-use/","url":"https://www.nobelprize.org/organization/terms-of-use/","name":"Terms of use - NobelPrize.org","isPartOf":{"@id":"https://www.nobelprize.org/#website"},"datePublished":"2018-08-14T11:13:27+00:00","dateModified":"2024-09-26T13:37:35+00:00","author":{"@id":"https://www.nobelprize.org/#/schema/person/759b6ac5fc0b1faf7675ff3ae856a1c8"},"breadcrumb":{"@id":"https://www.nobelprize.org/organization/terms-of-use/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https://www.nobelprize.org/organization/terms-of-use/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https://www.nobelprize.org/organization/terms-of-use/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https://www.nobelprize.org/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Terms of use"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https://www.nobelprize.org/#website","url":"https://www.nobelprize.org/","name":"NobelPrize.org","description":"The official website of the Nobel Prize","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https://www.nobelprize.org/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":"required name=search_term_string"}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https://www.nobelprize.org/#/schema/person/759b6ac5fc0b1faf7675ff3ae856a1c8","name":"Ulrika Royen","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https://www.nobelprize.org/#/schema/person/image/","url":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/ec052aec63ee5b27e23b22350e27afc2?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/ec052aec63ee5b27e23b22350e27afc2?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Ulrika Royen"}}]}</script>  <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//www.nobelprize.org' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//stats.wp.com' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='mediaelement-css' href='https://www.nobelprize.org/wp-includes/js/mediaelement/mediaelementplayer-legacy.min.css?ver=4.2.17' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='wp-mediaelement-css' href='https://www.nobelprize.org/wp-includes/js/mediaelement/wp-mediaelement.min.css?ver=6.6.2' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='jetpack-sharing-buttons-style-inline-css' type='text/css'> .jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list{display:flex;flex-direction:row;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:0;list-style-type:none;margin:5px;padding:0}.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list.has-small-icon-size{font-size:12px}.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list.has-normal-icon-size{font-size:16px}.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list.has-large-icon-size{font-size:24px}.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list.has-huge-icon-size{font-size:36px}@media print{.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list{display:none!important}}.editor-styles-wrapper .wp-block-jetpack-sharing-buttons{gap:0;padding-inline-start:0}ul.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list.has-background{padding:1.25em 2.375em} </style> <style id='global-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'> :root{--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--square: 1;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--4-3: 4/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-4: 3/4;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-2: 3/2;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--2-3: 2/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--16-9: 16/9;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--9-16: 9/16;--wp--preset--color--black: #2e2a25;--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray: #abb8c3;--wp--preset--color--white: #ffffff;--wp--preset--color--pale-pink: #f78da7;--wp--preset--color--vivid-red: #cf2e2e;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange: #ff6900;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber: #fcb900;--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan: #7bdcb5;--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan: #00d084;--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue: #8ed1fc;--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue: #0693e3;--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple: #9b51e0;--wp--preset--color--black-400: #969492;--wp--preset--color--grey-500: #8a8a8d;--wp--preset--color--grey-400: #c8c8c8;--wp--preset--color--grey-100: #f1f1f1;--wp--preset--color--nobel-gold: #cc9b40;--wp--preset--color--nobel-pale: #f2f0ee;--wp--preset--color--nobel-smoke: #f9f5ed;--wp--preset--color--blue-700: #004b87;--wp--preset--color--blue-500: #3880c3;--wp--preset--color--blue-400: #a0c5d8;--wp--preset--color--blue-300: #c2ced9;--wp--preset--color--blue-100: #ebf2f8;--wp--preset--color--red: #bc1836;--wp--preset--color--green-100: #eaefed;--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(6,147,227,1) 0%,rgb(155,81,224) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(122,220,180) 0%,rgb(0,208,130) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(252,185,0,1) 0%,rgba(255,105,0,1) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(255,105,0,1) 0%,rgb(207,46,46) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(238,238,238) 0%,rgb(169,184,195) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(74,234,220) 0%,rgb(151,120,209) 20%,rgb(207,42,186) 40%,rgb(238,44,130) 60%,rgb(251,105,98) 80%,rgb(254,248,76) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,206,236) 0%,rgb(152,150,240) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(254,205,165) 0%,rgb(254,45,45) 50%,rgb(107,0,62) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,203,112) 0%,rgb(199,81,192) 50%,rgb(65,88,208) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,245,203) 0%,rgb(182,227,212) 50%,rgb(51,167,181) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(202,248,128) 0%,rgb(113,206,126) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--midnight: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(2,3,129) 0%,rgb(40,116,252) 100%);--wp--preset--font-size--small: 13px;--wp--preset--font-size--medium: clamp(14px, 0.875rem + ((1vw - 3.2px) * 0.682), 20px);--wp--preset--font-size--large: clamp(22.041px, 1.378rem + ((1vw - 3.2px) * 1.586), 36px);--wp--preset--font-size--x-large: clamp(25.014px, 1.563rem + ((1vw - 3.2px) * 1.93), 42px);--wp--preset--font-size--14: 0.875rem;--wp--preset--font-size--15: clamp(0.875rem, 0.875rem + ((1vw - 0.2rem) * 0.115), 0.938rem);--wp--preset--font-size--16: clamp(0.875rem, 0.875rem + ((1vw - 0.2rem) * 0.227), 1rem);--wp--preset--font-size--18: clamp(0.875rem, 0.875rem + ((1vw - 0.2rem) * 0.455), 1.125rem);--wp--preset--font-size--22: clamp(0.915rem, 0.915rem + ((1vw - 0.2rem) * 0.836), 1.375rem);--wp--preset--font-size--24: clamp(0.984rem, 0.984rem + ((1vw - 0.2rem) * 0.938), 1.5rem);--wp--preset--font-size--32: clamp(1.5rem, 1.5rem + ((1vw - 0.2rem) * 0.909), 2rem);--wp--preset--font-size--48: clamp(2rem, 2rem + ((1vw - 0.2rem) * 1.818), 3rem);--wp--preset--font-size--100: clamp(4rem, 4rem + ((1vw - 0.2rem) * 4.091), 6.25rem);--wp--preset--font-family--primary: 'Alfred Sans Regular', 'Helvetica Neue', 'Arial', sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--secondary: 'Alfred Serif Regular', 'Times', 'Times New Roman', serif;--wp--preset--spacing--20: 0.5rem;--wp--preset--spacing--30: 1rem;--wp--preset--spacing--40: 1.25rem;--wp--preset--spacing--50: 1.5rem;--wp--preset--spacing--60: 2rem;--wp--preset--spacing--70: 2.5rem;--wp--preset--spacing--80: 3rem;--wp--preset--spacing--10: 0.25rem;--wp--preset--spacing--90: 3.5rem;--wp--preset--spacing--100: 4rem;--wp--preset--spacing--110: 4.5rem;--wp--preset--spacing--120: 5rem;--wp--preset--spacing--130: 5.5rem;--wp--preset--spacing--140: 6rem;--wp--preset--spacing--150: 6.5rem;--wp--preset--spacing--160: 7rem;--wp--preset--shadow--natural: 6px 6px 9px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--deep: 12px 12px 50px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);--wp--preset--shadow--sharp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--outlined: 6px 6px 0px -3px rgba(255, 255, 255, 1), 6px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);--wp--preset--shadow--crisp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);--wp--custom--image-ratio--regular: 3/2;--wp--custom--image-ratio--landscape: 16/9;--wp--custom--image-ratio--portrait: 2/3;--wp--custom--line-height--xs: 1;--wp--custom--line-height--s: 1.125;--wp--custom--line-height--sm: 1.25;--wp--custom--line-height--m: 1.3;--wp--custom--line-height--l: 1.4;--wp--custom--line-height--xl: 1.5;--wp--custom--font-variant--heading--1--font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--48);--wp--custom--font-variant--heading--1--line-height: var(--wp--custom--line-height--xs);--wp--custom--font-variant--heading--1--font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--primary);--wp--custom--font-variant--heading--2--font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--32);--wp--custom--font-variant--heading--2--line-height: var(--wp--custom--line-height--s);--wp--custom--font-variant--heading--2--font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--primary);--wp--custom--font-variant--heading--3--font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--24);--wp--custom--font-variant--heading--3--line-height: var(--wp--custom--line-height--s);--wp--custom--font-variant--heading--3--font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--primary);--wp--custom--font-variant--heading--4--font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--18);--wp--custom--font-variant--heading--4--line-height: var(--wp--custom--line-height--sm);--wp--custom--font-variant--heading--4--font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--primary);--wp--custom--font-variant--heading--5--font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--16);--wp--custom--font-variant--heading--5--line-height: var(--wp--custom--line-height--m);--wp--custom--font-variant--heading--5--font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--primary);--wp--custom--font-variant--heading--6--font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--15);--wp--custom--font-variant--heading--6--line-height: var(--wp--custom--line-height--xl);--wp--custom--font-variant--heading--6--font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--primary);--wp--custom--font-variant--paragraph--xsmall--font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--14);--wp--custom--font-variant--paragraph--xsmall--line-height: var(--wp--custom--line-height--l);--wp--custom--font-variant--paragraph--xsmall--font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--secondary);--wp--custom--font-variant--paragraph--small--font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--16);--wp--custom--font-variant--paragraph--small--line-height: var(--wp--custom--line-height--l);--wp--custom--font-variant--paragraph--small--font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--secondary);--wp--custom--font-variant--paragraph--medium--font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--18);--wp--custom--font-variant--paragraph--medium--line-height: var(--wp--custom--line-height--m);--wp--custom--font-variant--paragraph--medium--font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--secondary);--wp--custom--font-variant--paragraph--large--font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--22);--wp--custom--font-variant--paragraph--large--line-height: var(--wp--custom--line-height--m);--wp--custom--font-variant--paragraph--large--font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--secondary);--wp--custom--font-variant--button--small--font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--14);--wp--custom--font-variant--button--small--line-height: var(--wp--custom--line-height--sm);--wp--custom--font-variant--button--small--font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--primary);--wp--custom--font-variant--button--large--font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--16);--wp--custom--font-variant--button--large--line-height: var(--wp--custom--line-height--sm);--wp--custom--font-variant--button--large--font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--primary);--wp--custom--font-variant--info--counters--font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--100);--wp--custom--font-variant--info--counters--line-height: var(--wp--custom--line-height--xs);--wp--custom--font-variant--info--counters--font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--primary);--wp--custom--font-variant--info--legal--font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--14);--wp--custom--font-variant--info--legal--line-height: var(--wp--custom--line-height--l);--wp--custom--font-variant--info--legal--font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--primary);}.wp-block-nobel-prize-queried-content{--wp--preset--color--grey-100: #f1f1f1;--wp--preset--color--nobel-pale: #f2f0ee;--wp--preset--color--nobel-smoke: #f9f5ed;--wp--preset--color--blue-100: #ebf2f8;--wp--preset--color--green-100: #eaefed;}.has-black-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-400-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--black-400) !important;}.has-grey-500-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--grey-500) !important;}.has-grey-400-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--grey-400) !important;}.has-grey-100-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--grey-100) !important;}.has-nobel-gold-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--nobel-gold) !important;}.has-nobel-pale-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--nobel-pale) !important;}.has-nobel-smoke-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--nobel-smoke) !important;}.has-blue-700-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--blue-700) !important;}.has-blue-500-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--blue-500) !important;}.has-blue-400-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--blue-400) !important;}.has-blue-300-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--blue-300) !important;}.has-blue-100-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--blue-100) !important;}.has-red-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--red) !important;}.has-green-100-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--green-100) !important;}.has-black-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-400-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black-400) !important;}.has-grey-500-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--grey-500) !important;}.has-grey-400-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--grey-400) !important;}.has-grey-100-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--grey-100) !important;}.has-nobel-gold-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--nobel-gold) !important;}.has-nobel-pale-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--nobel-pale) !important;}.has-nobel-smoke-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--nobel-smoke) !important;}.has-blue-700-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--blue-700) !important;}.has-blue-500-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--blue-500) !important;}.has-blue-400-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--blue-400) !important;}.has-blue-300-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--blue-300) !important;}.has-blue-100-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--blue-100) !important;}.has-red-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--red) !important;}.has-green-100-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--green-100) !important;}.has-black-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-400-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black-400) !important;}.has-grey-500-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--grey-500) !important;}.has-grey-400-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--grey-400) !important;}.has-grey-100-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--grey-100) !important;}.has-nobel-gold-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--nobel-gold) !important;}.has-nobel-pale-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--nobel-pale) !important;}.has-nobel-smoke-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--nobel-smoke) !important;}.has-blue-700-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--blue-700) !important;}.has-blue-500-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--blue-500) !important;}.has-blue-400-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--blue-400) !important;}.has-blue-300-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--blue-300) !important;}.has-blue-100-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--blue-100) !important;}.has-red-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--red) !important;}.has-green-100-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--green-100) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red) !important;}.has-very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-cool-to-warm-spectrum-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum) !important;}.has-blush-light-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple) !important;}.has-blush-bordeaux-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux) !important;}.has-luminous-dusk-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk) !important;}.has-pale-ocean-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean) !important;}.has-electric-grass-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass) !important;}.has-midnight-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--midnight) !important;}.has-small-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--small) !important;}.has-medium-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--medium) !important;}.has-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--large) !important;}.has-x-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--x-large) !important;}.has-14-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--14) !important;}.has-15-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--15) !important;}.has-16-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--16) !important;}.has-18-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--18) !important;}.has-22-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--22) !important;}.has-24-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--24) !important;}.has-32-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--32) !important;}.has-48-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--48) !important;}.has-100-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--100) !important;}.has-primary-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--primary) !important;}.has-secondary-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--secondary) !important;}.wp-block-nobel-prize-queried-content.has-grey-100-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--grey-100) !important;}.wp-block-nobel-prize-queried-content.has-nobel-pale-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--nobel-pale) !important;}.wp-block-nobel-prize-queried-content.has-nobel-smoke-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--nobel-smoke) !important;}.wp-block-nobel-prize-queried-content.has-blue-100-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--blue-100) !important;}.wp-block-nobel-prize-queried-content.has-green-100-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--green-100) !important;}.wp-block-nobel-prize-queried-content.has-grey-100-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--grey-100) !important;}.wp-block-nobel-prize-queried-content.has-nobel-pale-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--nobel-pale) !important;}.wp-block-nobel-prize-queried-content.has-nobel-smoke-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--nobel-smoke) !important;}.wp-block-nobel-prize-queried-content.has-blue-100-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--blue-100) !important;}.wp-block-nobel-prize-queried-content.has-green-100-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--green-100) !important;}.wp-block-nobel-prize-queried-content.has-grey-100-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--grey-100) !important;}.wp-block-nobel-prize-queried-content.has-nobel-pale-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--nobel-pale) !important;}.wp-block-nobel-prize-queried-content.has-nobel-smoke-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--nobel-smoke) !important;}.wp-block-nobel-prize-queried-content.has-blue-100-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--blue-100) !important;}.wp-block-nobel-prize-queried-content.has-green-100-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--green-100) !important;} :where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;} :where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;} :root :where(.wp-block-pullquote){font-size: clamp(0.984em, 0.984rem + ((1vw - 0.2em) * 0.938), 1.5em);line-height: 1.6;} </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='nobelprize_block_library_admin-css' href='https://www.nobelprize.org/wp-content/plugins/nobelprize-block-library/dist/css/frontend.css?ver=caaa306ca540657ccbf9' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='styles-css' href='https://www.nobelprize.org/wp-content/themes/nobelprize/dist/css/frontend.css?ver=876a6e0119578e9b1801' type='text/css' media='all' /> <script type="text/javascript" id="loadjs-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var fallback = {"path":"\/var\/www\/html\/wp-content\/themes\/nobelprize\/\/assets\/js\/frontend\/lib\/respimg\/ls.respimg.min.js"}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.nobelprize.org/wp-content/themes/nobelprize/assets/js/frontend/lib/loadjs.js?ver=1731929817" id="loadjs-js"></script> <style>img#wpstats{display:none}</style> <link type="text/plain" rel="author" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/wp-content/themes/nobelprize/humans.txt" /> <script> window.VIDEOJS_NO_BASE_THEME = true; window.VIDEOJS_NO_DYNAMIC_STYLE = true; </script>  <script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdn.cookielaw.org/consent/d75760b8-7732-445e-9a87-2de3e237d0fe/OtAutoBlock.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.cookielaw.org/scripttemplates/otSDKStub.js" type="text/javascript" charset="UTF-8" data-domain-script="d75760b8-7732-445e-9a87-2de3e237d0fe"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> function OptanonWrapper() { } </script>   <script type="text/javascript">(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-WDHZ8W5');</script>  <link rel="icon" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/uploads/2018/08/Nobel-favicon-50x50.png" sizes="32x32" /> <link rel="icon" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/uploads/2018/08/Nobel-favicon-232x232.png" sizes="192x192" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/uploads/2018/08/Nobel-favicon-188x188.png" /> <meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="https://www.nobelprize.org/uploads/2018/08/Nobel-favicon.png" /> <style type="text/css" id="wp-custom-css"> .summit-event-nav .prizes-nav-top-tier li:last-of-type { border-right: 0; } .ot-sdk-show-settings:hover, .ot-sdk-show-settings { background-color: #CEA152 !important; border-color: #CEA152 !important; color: #FFFFFF !important; } </style> </head> <body class="post-template-default single single-post postid-48964 single-format-standard terms-of-use-nobelprize-org">  <noscript><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-WDHZ8W5" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript>   <a class="skip-link screen-reader-text" href="#content"> Skip to content </a> <header class="site-header" role="banner" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/WPHeader"> <div class="site-header__wrapper container"> <div class="site-banner" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Organization"> <div class="site-banner-logo" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Organization"> <h1 class="site-logo" itemprop="logo"> <a itemprop="url" href="https://www.nobelprize.org" name="top" aria-label="The Nobel Prize"> <svg class="site-logo-icon site-logo-icon--big" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="77" height="60" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 77 60"><path d="M25.298 1.997h-4.631v14.66h-2.21V1.997h-4.674V0h11.515v1.997ZM42.126 0v16.657h-2.21V8.711h-9.179v7.946h-2.21V0h2.21v6.714h9.179V0h2.21Zm14.617 16.657V14.66h-7.691V8.711h7.011V6.714h-7.011V1.997h7.564V0h-9.731v16.657h9.858Zm-43.045 5.014V38.33h-1.53L2.225 25.41v12.918H.1V21.67h1.7l9.773 12.578V21.671h2.125Zm12.025-.34c-4.801 0-8.71 3.867-8.71 8.669 0 4.802 3.909 8.669 8.71 8.669 4.802 0 8.711-3.867 8.711-8.669 0-4.802-3.91-8.669-8.71-8.669Zm.043 2.083c3.527 0 6.459 2.932 6.459 6.586 0 3.654-2.932 6.586-6.46 6.586-3.526 0-6.458-2.932-6.458-6.586 0-3.654 2.932-6.586 6.459-6.586Zm23.116 9.943c0 2.932-2.125 4.972-5.227 4.972h-5.779V21.67h5.27c3.059 0 4.971 1.53 4.971 3.995 0 1.614-.85 2.89-2.252 3.527 1.87.68 3.017 2.167 3.017 4.164Zm-8.796-9.73v4.8h3.06c1.53 0 2.846-.934 2.846-2.506 0-1.573-1.232-2.295-2.847-2.295h-3.06Zm6.629 9.772c0-1.87-1.445-3.017-3.145-3.017h-3.484v6.034h3.484c1.7-.042 3.145-1.147 3.145-3.017Zm15.467 4.93V36.33h-7.649v-5.949h7.012v-1.997h-7.012V23.67h7.564V21.67h-9.773V38.33h9.858ZM76.29 36.33v1.998h-9.731V21.67h2.21v14.66h7.52Zm-65.057 15.85c2.89 0 4.93-1.784 4.93-4.419 0-2.592-2.04-4.42-4.972-4.42H5.41V60h2.21v-7.819h3.612Zm0-6.841c1.615 0 2.72.892 2.72 2.422 0 1.53-1.105 2.422-2.72 2.422H7.621V45.34h3.612Zm12.11 6.756h-1.742V60h-2.21V43.343h5.78c2.89 0 4.929 1.742 4.929 4.376 0 2.423-1.742 4.08-4.25 4.335l6.035 7.904H29.25l-5.906-7.862ZM21.602 50.1h3.612c1.657 0 2.72-.85 2.72-2.38 0-1.53-1.105-2.38-2.72-2.38h-3.612v4.76Zm15.17-6.756h-2.21V60h2.21V43.343Zm3.442 14.915L49.86 45.34h-8.71v-1.997h11.557v1.614l-9.73 13.046h9.985V60H40.213v-1.742ZM66.304 60v-1.997h-7.691v-5.95h7.011v-1.996h-7.011V45.34h7.564v-1.997h-9.731V60h9.858Z"/></svg> <svg class="site-logo-icon site-logo-icon--small" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="171" height="16" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 171 16"><path d="M10.3 2.222H6.256v12.684H4.344V2.222H.3V.494h9.963v1.728h.037ZM24.822.494v14.412H22.91V8.03h-7.94v6.875h-1.913V.494h1.912v5.809h7.941V.494h1.912Zm12.61 12.684v1.728h-8.53V.494h8.42v1.728h-6.544v4.081h6.066v1.728h-6.066v5.147h6.654ZM57.322.494v14.412h-1.324L47.397 3.729v11.177h-1.839V.494h1.47l8.457 10.883V.494h1.838ZM60.19 7.7c0-4.154 3.382-7.5 7.537-7.5 4.154 0 7.536 3.346 7.536 7.5s-3.382 7.5-7.537 7.5c-4.154 0-7.536-3.346-7.536-7.5Zm13.162 0c0-3.162-2.537-5.699-5.589-5.699-3.051 0-5.588 2.537-5.588 5.699s2.537 5.699 5.588 5.699c3.052 0 5.588-2.537 5.588-5.699Zm14.411 2.904c0 2.537-1.838 4.302-4.522 4.302h-5.037V.494h4.56c2.646 0 4.3 1.324 4.3 3.456 0 1.397-.735 2.5-1.948 3.051 1.655.589 2.647 1.875 2.647 3.603Zm-7.61-8.419V6.34H82.8c1.324 0 2.463-.81 2.463-2.17 0-1.36-1.066-1.985-2.463-1.985h-2.647Zm5.735 8.456c0-1.617-1.25-2.61-2.72-2.61h-3.015v5.22h3.015c1.47-.036 2.72-.992 2.72-2.61Zm13.383 2.537v1.728h-8.53V.494h8.42v1.728h-6.545v4.081h6.103v1.728h-6.066v5.147h6.618Zm12.206 0v1.728h-8.42V.494h1.912v12.684h6.508Zm15.514-8.86c0 2.28-1.765 3.823-4.265 3.823h-3.125v6.765h-1.911V.494h5c2.537 0 4.301 1.581 4.301 3.824Zm-1.912 0c0-1.324-.955-2.096-2.353-2.096h-3.125v4.191h3.125c1.398 0 2.353-.772 2.353-2.095Zm8.089 3.75h-1.508v6.838h-1.911V.494h5c2.5 0 4.264 1.507 4.264 3.787 0 2.095-1.507 3.53-3.676 3.75l5.22 6.838h-2.279l-5.11-6.801Zm-1.471-1.728h3.125c1.434 0 2.353-.736 2.353-2.06 0-1.323-.956-2.058-2.353-2.058h-3.125V6.34ZM142.91.494h1.912v14.412h-1.912V.494ZM147.8 13.4l8.346-11.177h-7.537V.494h10v1.397l-8.419 11.287h8.639v1.728H147.8v-1.508Zm22.537-.221v1.728h-8.53V.494h8.42v1.728h-6.545v4.081h6.067v1.728h-6.067v5.147h6.655Z"/></svg> </a> </h1> </div> <div class="mobile-actions"> <div class="mobile-search"> <button type="button" id="search-mobile-trigger-js"> <svg class="search-open" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" role="img" aria-labelledby="desktop-search-title desktop-search-description"> <title id="desktop-search-title">Close the search form</title> <desc id="desktop-search-description">A button that allows you to close the search form if needed</desc> <path fill="#2E2A25" d="m19.6 21-6.3-6.3A6.096 6.096 0 0 1 9.5 16c-1.817 0-3.354-.63-4.612-1.887C3.629 12.854 3 11.317 3 9.5c0-1.817.63-3.354 1.888-4.612C6.146 3.629 7.683 3 9.5 3c1.817 0 3.354.63 4.613 1.888C15.37 6.146 16 7.683 16 9.5a6.096 6.096 0 0 1-1.3 3.8l6.3 6.3-1.4 1.4ZM9.5 14c1.25 0 2.313-.438 3.188-1.313C13.562 11.813 14 10.75 14 9.5c0-1.25-.438-2.313-1.313-3.188C11.813 5.438 10.75 5 9.5 5c-1.25 0-2.313.438-3.188 1.313S5 8.25 5 9.5c0 1.25.438 2.313 1.313 3.188C7.188 13.562 8.25 14 9.5 14Z"/> </svg> <svg class="search-close" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" fill="#2E2A25" role="img" aria-labelledby="desktop-search-title desktop-search-description"> <title id="desktop-search-title">Close the search form</title> <desc id="desktop-search-description">A button that allows you to close the search form if needed</desc> <path d="M6.4 19 5 17.6l5.6-5.6L5 6.4 6.4 5l5.6 5.6L17.6 5 19 6.4 13.4 12l5.6 5.6-1.4 1.4-5.6-5.6L6.4 19Z"/> </svg> </button>  <noscript> <a id="mobile-close-js" class="toggle-close" href="#"> <span>Close Mobile Menu</span> </a> </noscript> </div> <div class="mobile-nav"> <a id="mobile-nav-js" href="#main-navigation-js" class="toggle"> <span> Toggle Mobile Menu </span> </a> </div> </div> </div> <nav id="main-navigation-js" class="site-main-navigation" role="navigation" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/SiteNavigationElement" aria-label="Main menu" aria-expanded="false"> <ul id="menu-header_top" class="main-menu" role="menu"><li id="menu-item-28259" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-28259" role="menuitem"><a href="/prizes/">Nobel Prizes & laureates</a> <ul class="sub-menu" role="menu" aria-hidden="true"> <li id="menu-item-175174" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-175174" role="menuitem"><a href="/prizes/lists/all-nobel-prizes/">All Nobel Prizes</a></li> <li id="menu-item-222451" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-222451" role="menuitem"><a href="https://www.nobelprize.org/all-nobel-prizes-2024/">All Nobel Prizes 2024</a></li> <li id="menu-item-48853" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-48853" role="menuitem"><a href="/prizes/physics/">Physics prize</a></li> <li id="menu-item-48854" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-48854" role="menuitem"><a href="/prizes/chemistry/">Chemistry prize</a></li> <li id="menu-item-48855" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-48855" role="menuitem"><a href="/prizes/medicine/">Medicine prize</a></li> <li id="menu-item-48856" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-48856" role="menuitem"><a href="/prizes/literature/">Literature prize</a></li> <li id="menu-item-48857" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-48857" role="menuitem"><a href="/prizes/peace/">Peace prize</a></li> <li id="menu-item-48858" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-48858" role="menuitem"><a href="/prizes/economic-sciences/">Prize in economic sciences</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-28260" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-28260" role="menuitem"><a href="/about/">About</a> <ul class="sub-menu" role="menu" aria-hidden="true"> <li id="menu-item-43405" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-43405" role="menuitem"><a href="/about-the-nobel-prize/">About the prize</a></li> <li id="menu-item-43408" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-43408" role="menuitem"><a href="/alfred-nobel">Alfred Nobel</a></li> <li id="menu-item-43407" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-43407" role="menuitem"><a href="/about/nobel-prize-award-ceremonies/">Award ceremonies</a></li> <li id="menu-item-43409" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-43409" role="menuitem"><a href="/nomination">Nomination</a></li> <li id="menu-item-43406" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-43406" role="menuitem"><a href="/the-nobel-prize-organisation">Organisation</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-28261" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-28261" role="menuitem"><a href="/stories/">Stories</a></li> <li id="menu-item-28262" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-28262" role="menuitem"><a href="/educational/">Educational</a></li> <li id="menu-item-219562" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-219562" role="menuitem"><a href="/events-museums/">Events & museums</a></li> <li role="menuitem" class="searchform"> <button type="button" id="search-trigger-js"> <svg class="search-open" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" role="img" aria-labelledby="desktop-search-title desktop-search-description"> <title id="desktop-search-title">Close the search form</title> <desc id="desktop-search-description">A button that allows you to close the search form if needed</desc> <path fill="#2E2A25" d="m19.6 21-6.3-6.3A6.096 6.096 0 0 1 9.5 16c-1.817 0-3.354-.63-4.612-1.887C3.629 12.854 3 11.317 3 9.5c0-1.817.63-3.354 1.888-4.612C6.146 3.629 7.683 3 9.5 3c1.817 0 3.354.63 4.613 1.888C15.37 6.146 16 7.683 16 9.5a6.096 6.096 0 0 1-1.3 3.8l6.3 6.3-1.4 1.4ZM9.5 14c1.25 0 2.313-.438 3.188-1.313C13.562 11.813 14 10.75 14 9.5c0-1.25-.438-2.313-1.313-3.188C11.813 5.438 10.75 5 9.5 5c-1.25 0-2.313.438-3.188 1.313S5 8.25 5 9.5c0 1.25.438 2.313 1.313 3.188C7.188 13.562 8.25 14 9.5 14Z"></path> </svg> <svg class="search-close" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" fill="#2E2A25" role="img" aria-labelledby="desktop-search-title desktop-search-description"> <title id="desktop-search-title">Close the search form</title> <desc id="desktop-search-description">A button that allows you to close the search form if needed</desc> <path d="M6.4 19 5 17.6l5.6-5.6L5 6.4 6.4 5l5.6 5.6L17.6 5 19 6.4 13.4 12l5.6 5.6-1.4 1.4-5.6-5.6L6.4 19Z"></path> </svg> </button> </li> </ul> </nav> </div> <div class="header-search-form" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="container"> <form class="searchform -header" method="GET" action="/search/" > <label for="search-form-input-header" class="screen-reader-text"> Header Search </label> <input type="search" class="input" name="s" id="search-form-input-header" placeholder="Enter your search here" value="" > <button type="submit"> <svg width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="#2E2A25" role="img" aria-labelledby="submit-search-title-header submit-search-description-header"> <title id="submit-search-title-header">Submit a search term</title> <desc id="submit-search-description-header">Allows users to submit a search term</desc> <path d="m19.6 21-6.3-6.3A6.096 6.096 0 0 1 9.5 16c-1.817 0-3.354-.63-4.612-1.887C3.629 12.854 3 11.317 3 9.5c0-1.817.63-3.354 1.888-4.612C6.146 3.629 7.683 3 9.5 3c1.817 0 3.354.63 4.613 1.888C15.37 6.146 16 7.683 16 9.5a6.096 6.096 0 0 1-1.3 3.8l6.3 6.3-1.4 1.4ZM9.5 14c1.25 0 2.313-.438 3.188-1.313C13.562 11.813 14 10.75 14 9.5c0-1.25-.438-2.313-1.313-3.188C11.813 5.438 10.75 5 9.5 5c-1.25 0-2.313.438-3.188 1.313S5 8.25 5 9.5c0 1.25.438 2.313 1.313 3.188C7.188 13.562 8.25 14 9.5 14Z"/> </svg> </button> </form> </div> </div> </header> <main id="content" role="main" class="nobel-content"> <section class="page-hero -exposed page-hero__variation--d context-post -color-option-default"> <h1 class="title "> Terms of use </h1> </section> <section class="page-section"> <section class="page-content border-top"> <article class=" entry entry-gutenberg"> <h2 class="wp-block-heading">Introduction</h2> <p>Nobel Prize Outreach provides this web site (the “Site”) primarily in support of the mission of the Nobel Foundation to spread information and knowledge about the Nobel Prize® and the Nobel Prize laureates.</p> <p>Nobel Prize Outreach encourages you to use the Site as an educational, informational and research tool, subject to the specific terms and conditions of use (“Terms and Conditions of Use”) set forth here.</p> <h2 class="wp-block-heading">Acceptance of terms and conditions</h2> <p>By accessing this web site, you accept without limitation or qualification these Terms and Conditions of Use. Nobel Prize Outreach may revise these Terms and Conditions of Use at any time, which revisions shall be binding on you.</p> <p>If you just want to visit the Site in order to read, educate yourself or play the interactive games, please go ahead! These Terms and Conditions of Use are primarily applicable to persons with the intention of using the Site in another way than the activities mentioned or described in this document.</p> <p>If you do not wish to be bound by these Terms and Conditions of Use, please exit the Site now and refrain from further use.</p> <h2 class="wp-block-heading">Trademarks</h2> <p>The names, titles, building images, trademarks, service marks and logos that appear on the Site are registered and unregistered marks of the Nobel Foundation, including but not limited to Nobel Prize®, the Nobel Prize medal® design mark, Nobelprize.org®, Nobel Prize Museum®, Nobelmuseet®, Nobel Prize Outreach® and Nobel Symposia® (collectively, the “Nobel Foundation trademarks”). The Nobel Foundation is most restrictive in permitting use of these trademarks, and you may not use the Nobel Foundation trademarks without prior written permission from the Nobel Foundation.</p> <p>The trademarks of third parties may also appear on the Site from time to time; you may not use these trademarks without prior written permission of their respective owners. You acknowledge and agree that nothing on the Site grants, expressly or implicitly, any right or license to use any of the Nobel Foundation trademarks or may be construed to mean that Nobel Prize Outreach has authority to grant any right or license on behalf of any third party trademark owner. Nobel Prize Outreach assumes no responsibility for ascertaining whether such rights are valid or for securing such rights on your behalf. Beyond the credit lines that may be listed on the Site, Nobel Prize Outreach does not provide addresses, phone numbers, or other contact information for third party rights holders.</p> <h2 class="wp-block-heading">Copyrights</h2> <p>Everything, including but not limited to the articles, texts, photographs, images, data, files, audio and video clips, illustrations, designs, educational games and documentation in whole or in part (the “Content”) which appears on the Site is either proprietary to Nobel Prize Outreach or used in accordance with applicable law or third party consents.</p> <p>You may not reproduce, distribute, display, transmit, modify, perform, adapt, generate derivative works or otherwise use the Content without prior written permission – if not expressly stated elsewhere in these Terms and Conditions of Use.</p> <p>The following listed copyright protected material: photos of the laureates, other photos, the Nobel Prize diplomas, the Nobel Prize lectures, speeches and biographies – of which the Nobel Foundation is the proprietor – and the Nobel posters, of which a third party is the holder, are encompassed by special regulations.</p> <h2 class="wp-block-heading">Photos or images of the Nobel Prize medal</h2> <p>Permission to use an image or photo of a Nobel Prize medal is only granted if the image is going to be used as an illustration for an editorial text about Alfred Nobel, the Nobel Prize® or a laureate.</p> <p>An image of the Nobel Prize medal may, however, not be used on the cover of books, booklets or other printed matter, on posters, in exhibitions etc, nor for publicity or commercial purposes.</p> <p>If permission is granted, “®© The Nobel Foundation” must be indicated.</p> <h3 class="wp-block-heading">Other photos</h3> <p>For uses of other photos, permission from the Nobel Foundation, and in certain cases from the photographer, is required.</p> <p>If permission is granted “© The Nobel Foundation” and the photographer must be indicated.</p> <h2 class="wp-block-heading">Nobel Prize diplomas</h2> <p>The artists and calligraphers of the Nobel Prize diplomas have granted the Nobel Foundation the rights to these materials.</p> <p>If permission is granted “© The Nobel Foundation” and the specific artist and/or calligrapher must be indicated.</p> <h2 class="wp-block-heading">Nobel Prize lectures, speeches and biographies</h2> <p>To use or translate a Nobel Prize lecture, a presentation speech, a banquet speech or a biography, permission must be granted by the Nobel Foundation.</p> <p>If permission is granted, “© The Nobel Foundation” and relevant year must be stated, the text correctly quoted and the author identified as the sole author of the text.</p> <p>All Nobel Prize lectures, presentation speeches, banquet speeches and biographies are also published in the book series “Les Prix Nobel” and “Nobel Lectures.”</p> <h2 class="wp-block-heading">Requesting permission from the Nobel Foundation</h2> <p>To apply for permission to use any of the material listed above, please <a class="tell_a_friend" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/contact" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">contact the Nobel Foundation</a> or write to: The Nobel Foundation, P.O. Box 5232, SE-102 45 Stockholm, Sweden, fax +46 8 660 38 47.</p> <h2 class="wp-block-heading">Nobel posters</h2> <p>The copyrights for the Nobel posters in physics, chemistry and economic sciences belong to the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. Copyright for the Nobel posters in physiology or medicine belongs to the Nobel Committee for Physiology or Medicine at Karolinska Institutet.</p> <p>Permission from these bodies is required for use of the Nobel posters.</p> <h2 class="wp-block-heading">Other copyright protected work</h2> <p>You may not reproduce, distribute, display, transmit, modify, perform, adapt, generate derivative works or otherwise use other parts of the Content without the prior, written permission of Nobel Prize Outreach unless your use qualifies as:</p> <ul class="wp-block-list"> <li>Legislative exemption,</li> <li>Speical permission for educators, or</li> <li>Press releases</li> </ul> <p>all of which are further described below.</p> <h2 class="wp-block-heading">Legal exemptions</h2> <p>Nobel Prize Outreach does not object to your reproduction, distribution, display, transmission, performance, and use of the Content if done in accordance with the Swedish Copyright Act (Upphovsrättslagen, SFS 1960:729) or other applicable limitations and exemptions laid forth in the Swedish Copyright Act and related laws.</p> <p>Unless otherwise noted on the Site, Nobel Prize Outreach requires not express permission for use that falls within a legislative exemption, but two conditions apply:</p> <ul class="wp-block-list"> <li>No modifications may be made as to the integrity or attribution of the Content and</li> <li>All copies of the Content must bear accurate identifying information, including proprietary information, credit lines, copyright (©), including relevant year when appropriate, and trademark (® or <sup>TM</sup>) notices, and a citation of the Site: <a href="http://www.nobelprize.org/">http://www.nobelprize.org</a></li> </ul> <h3 class="wp-block-heading">Beyond legislative exemption: Special permission for educational use</h3> <p>This provision does not apply to corporations that produce, package, prepare, or sell educational materials for teachers and other educators.</p> <p>Nobel Prize Outreach recognizes that not every educational use qualifies for a legislative exemption. In order to further support the work of teachers and other educators, in accordance with Nobel Prize Outreach’s own educational mission, Nobel Prize Outreach therefore consents to the following additional uses of this Site:</p> <p>Subject specifically to the rights of third parties (which are entirely the responsibility of the user), Nobel Prize Outreach consents to the reproduction, distribution, display, transmission, performance, and use of the Content by individual teachers and other educators if done for the limited purpose of classroom or workshop instruction (including online intranet instruction) in a school or other educational organization; provided, however, said organization is a not-for-profit legal entity and provided, further, that the Content and compilation are not sold or otherwise commercially distributed.</p> <p>Unless otherwise noted on the Site, Nobel Prize Outreach requires no express permission for a limited educational exemption, but to conditions apply:</p> <ul class="wp-block-list"> <li>No modifications may be made as to the integrity or attribution of the Content; and</li> <li>All copies of the Content must bear accurate identifying information, including proprietary collection information, credit lines, copyright (©), including relevant year if appropriate, and trademark notices (® or <sup>TM</sup>), and a citation of the Site: <a href="http://www.nobelprize.org/">http://www.nobelprize.org.</a></li> </ul> <h2 class="wp-block-heading">Press releases</h2> <p>Except where noted otherwise, press releases that appear on this Site may be downloaded, reproduced and published (and in the case of text-based materials, translated) by members of the press.</p> <p>You are not allowed to use the Nobel Foundation trademarks when publishing or using press releases.</p> <h2 class="wp-block-heading">Nobel Week Dialogue</h2> <p>If you wish to attend, please note the following:</p> <p>In order to attend you must have not only completed the registration process but also received a confirmation email.</p> <p>Nobel Prize Outreach will not share any of your personal information with third parties; however we reserve the right to share your personal information if we are legally obligated to do so.</p> <p>By registering to attend as an audience member, you agree to receive periodic email updates regarding event details, reminders and changes to the event programme in the lead up to the 9th December event as well as periodic email information about other similar activities.</p> <p>By registering to attend as an audience member, you agree to receive a text alert to your mobile (first) to update you regarding registering for specific afternoon discussion panel preferences closer to the event, and (second) to remind you, a week prior to the event.</p> <p>Nobel Prize Outreach retains the right to ask attendees to leave for any reason and at any time during the Nobel Week Dialogue.</p> <p>By registering to attend the Nobel Week Dialogue as an audience member, you understand that you have no recourse to public funds or private scholarship; all costs incurred to attend the event are your responsibility.</p> <p>The Nobel Week Dialogue, or parts of it, will be broadcast in different ways and on different media, and by attending Nobel Week Dialogue in person you may be captured on camera and/or film. If you do not want to be captured on camera and/or film, you cannot attend the conference.</p> <p>Further, Nobel Prize Outreach has the right, but not the obligation, to edit any film or recording from the Nobel Week Dialogue.</p> <p>Nobel Prize Outreach shall not be held responsible for any loss or damage arising from any change in the Nobel Week Dialogue, its programme, the date or the involvement of particular speakers or delegates, or from the cancellation of the Nobel Week Dialogue for whatever reason.</p> <h3 class="wp-block-heading">Lectures and discussions</h3> <p>To use or translate a presentation speech, a lecture, a discussion or a biography, permission must be granted by Nobel Prize Outreach.</p> <p>If permission is granted is granted, “© Nobel Prize Outreach” and relevant year must be stated, the text correctly quoted and the author(s) identified.</p> <h2 class="wp-block-heading">Requesting permission from Nobel Prize Outreach</h2> <p>If your proposed use of the Site Content does not meet the conditions stated above, you must request and obtain express permission in writing from Nobel Prize Outreach. Please be advised that Nobel Prize Outreach is selective in granting such permission, and when Nobel Prize Outreach does grant permission Nobel Prize Outreach generally imposes a fee. All fees collected by Nobel Prize Outreach are used to further Nobel Prize Outreach’s educational programs and other non-profit missions.</p> <p>To apply for permission, please <a href="https://www.nobelprize.org/contact/">send an e-mail</a> or write to: Nobelprize.org, Nobel Prize Outreach AB, Box 5232, SE-102 45, Sweden,<br />fax +46 8 663 27 69.</p> <h2 class="wp-block-heading">Commercial use</h2> <p>Commercial Use of the Nobel Foundation trademarks and other Site Content is expressly prohibited. You must therefore request and obtain express permission in writing from the Nobel Foundation or Nobel Prize Outreach. Please be advised that the Nobel Foundation and Nobel Prize Outreach are selective in granting such permission.</p> <h2 class="wp-block-heading">Reservation of rights</h2> <p>All rights not expressly granted by Nobel Prize Outreach herein are specifically and completely reserved. Nothing on the Site or in these Terms and Conditions of Use grants, expressly or implicitly, any right or license to use any Content or property of any third party, or may be construed to mean that Nobel Prize Outreach has authority to grant any right or license on behalf of any third party.</p> <h2 class="wp-block-heading">Integrity</h2> <p>Nobel Prize Outreach has created and compiled the Site with careful regard for accuracy and integrity of scholarship. Nobel Prize Outreach believes that the context in which Nobel Prize Outreach presents material is important to understanding it, and Nobel Prize Outreach will improve, modify, enhance and expand the Site on a continuous basis. Thus, while Nobel Prize Outreach recognizes that the digital nature of the Site may allow you to use subsets of this material, Nobel Prize Outreach urges you to consider the complete context for maximum appreciation and accuracy.</p> <h2 class="wp-block-heading">Links to this site</h2> <p>Nobel Prize Outreach appreciates the interest of others in linking to this Site. If you arrive at Nobel Prize Outreach’s Site from a third party link, please note that a link to this Site does not imply a relationship with, or endorsement of, the third party site or its content, purpose, policies or business practices. Nobel Prize Outreach appreciates being informed of such links.</p> <p>If you are interested in providing a link from your site to this Site, please note the following rules:</p> <ul class="wp-block-list"> <li>You may use the name “Nobelprize.org” to identify the link;</li> <li>You may not use the Nobelprize.org logo or any other Nobel related logo or image without the express written permission of Nobel Prize Outreach. These are reserved for entities that are professionally associated or affiliated with us;</li> <li>You are not allowed to include Content from Nobelprize.org into other websites using frames or similar techniques, or by using page elements from Nobelprize.org.</li> <li>You are allowed to link to complete html pages on Nobelprize.org and not directly to images, videos, games, etc. that display the Content out of its context.</li> <li>You are allowed to insert iFrame widgets supported by Nobelprize.org. You are not allowed to alter the original Content. Nobel Prize Outreach provides these iFrame widgets as a convenience for you, but is not responsible for the content on the referring Site or Application.</li> </ul> <h2 class="wp-block-heading">Links from this site</h2> <p>In using the Site, you may find that Nobel Prize Outreach provides links to one or more third party web sites (the “Linked Site[s]”). Nobel Prize Outreach provides these links as a convenience for you and other users, but is not responsible for the content or links of the linked Site(s). In most instances, such links represent cooperative projects or endeavors established with Nobel Prize Outreach’s business affiliates, allies, sponsors, licensees, artists, organizations and/or other persons who have a significant connection to Nobel Prize Outreach’s mission and programs. Although Nobel Prize Outreach expects such links to be reputable, relevant and reliable, Nobel Prize Outreach does not actively monitor or control the content or links of the Linked Sites, which may continuously change.</p> <p>Nobel Prize Outreach encourages you to read the terms and conditions and similar policies of the respective Linked Sites, should you choose to visit them. A link from this Site does not imply a relationship with, or endorsement of, the Linked Site(s) or its/their content, purpose, policies, or business practices.</p> <h2 class="wp-block-heading">Submissions</h2> <p>Any communication or material you post, transmit, or distribute to the Site by electronic mail or otherwise, including any data or other content, questions, comments, suggestions, or similar, is and will be treated as, non-confidential and non- proprietary. Nobel Prize Outreach or its affiliates may use anything you transmit or post for any purpose, including but not limited to reproduction, disclosure (to law enforcement entities or others), transmission, publication, broadcast, and posting. Furthermore, Nobel Prize Outreach is free to use any ideas, concepts, know-how or techniques contained in any communication you send to the Site for any purpose whatsoever including but not limited to developing, manufacturing and marketing products using such information.</p> <h2 class="wp-block-heading">Warranty and indemnification</h2> <p>By using this Site in any manner, you represent and warrant that your use will be consistent with the Terms and Conditions. You agree to indemnify, defend and hold Nobel Prize Outreach harmless from all claims, causes, costs, expenses, fees (including reasonable attorneys’ fees), judgments, liabilities, losses and damages arising from or relating to your use of the Site.</p> <h2 class="wp-block-heading">Disclaimer of warranties</h2> <p>Nobel Prize Outreach provides the Site on an “AS IS” basis. Your use of the Site and its Content is at your own risk. Nobel Prize Outreach disclaims all warranties of any kind, whether express or implied, including but not limited to the implied warranties of merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, copyright ownership and/or non-infringement of copyrights or other third party proprietary rights. Nobel Prize Outreach does not warrant that the Site will provide continuous, prompt, secure or error-free service.</p> <p>Nobel Prize Outreach makes reasonable, ongoing efforts to revise and update the Site but assumes no liability for any errors or omissions, including inaccuracy of Content, or for any damages or losses that you or any third party may incur as a result of the unavailability of the Site. Nobel Prize Outreach assumes no responsibility, and shall not be liable for, any damages to or viruses that may affect your computer equipment or other property arising from your use of the Site, including but not limited to the reproduction of the Content.</p> <h2 class="wp-block-heading">Limitation of liability</h2> <p>Neither Nobel Prize Outreach, its affiliates, trustees, directors, officers, employees or agents shall have any liability for any damages, including without limitation any direct, indirect, incidental, compensatory, punitive, special or consequential damages (even if Nobel Prize Outreach has been advised of the possibility of such damages) arising from or related to your use of the Site and/or its Content.</p> <h2 class="wp-block-heading">Choice of law</h2> <p>These Terms and Conditions of Use and any counterparts, amendments or revisions thereto shall be governed and construed in accordance with Swedish Law without regard to principles of conflicts of laws. Any case, controversy, suit, action or proceeding arising out of, in connection with or related to this agreement shall be brought in the District Court of Stockholm (Stockholms Tingsrätt), and you hereby waive any objection that you may have to personal jurisdiction in this court.</p> </article> <footer class="border-top pagecite" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/citation"> <p> To cite this section <br> MLA style: Terms of use. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2024. Sat. 23 Nov 2024. <https://www.nobelprize.org/organization/terms-of-use/> </p> </footer> </section> <aside class="page-aside border-top -full-width"> <footer class="footer"> <div class="share-this"> <h6 class="heading"> Share this </h6> <ul class="socialicons" aria-label="Social sharing links"> <li class="socialicon" data-social="facebook"> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/sharer.php?u=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nobelprize.org%2Forganization%2Fterms-of-use%2F&t=Terms+of+use" data-target="https://www.nobelprize.org/organization/terms-of-use/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" > <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="40" height="40" viewBox="0 0 40 40"><path d="M14.526 34h-3.96A4.572 4.572 0 0 1 6 29.43V10.57C6 8.051 8.051 6 10.571 6H29.43A4.577 4.577 0 0 1 34 10.57v18.854c0 2.52-2.051 4.57-4.571 4.57h-3.492a.573.573 0 0 1-.571-.571V22.305c0-.314.257-.571.571-.571h2.229l.405-3.228h-2.634a.573.573 0 0 1-.571-.571v-3.28c0-.314.257-.57.571-.57h2.709v-3.229h-4.892a1.62 1.62 0 0 0-1.617 1.617v5.462a.573.573 0 0 1-.571.571h-2.709v3.228h2.709c.314 0 .571.257.571.571v11.118a.59.59 0 0 1-.166.406c-.148.148-.171.171-7.44.171h-.005ZM10.57 7.143a3.43 3.43 0 0 0-3.428 3.427v18.854a3.43 3.43 0 0 0 3.423 3.428h10.423V22.87H18.28a.573.573 0 0 1-.571-.572v-4.37c0-.314.257-.571.571-.571h2.709v-4.89c0-1.52 1.24-2.76 2.76-2.76h5.462c.315 0 .572.257.572.571v4.37a.573.573 0 0 1-.572.572h-2.708v2.137h2.708a.56.56 0 0 1 .429.194c.109.126.16.286.137.451l-.548 4.37a.573.573 0 0 1-.566.504h-2.16v9.975h2.92a3.43 3.43 0 0 0 3.428-3.428V10.57a3.43 3.43 0 0 0-3.428-3.427H10.57Z"/></svg> <span class="screen-reader-text"> Facebook </span> </a> </li> <li class="socialicon" data-social="twitter"> <a href="https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?text=Terms+of+use&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nobelprize.org%2Forganization%2Fterms-of-use%2F" data-target="https://www.nobelprize.org/organization/terms-of-use/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" > <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="40" height="40" viewBox="0 0 40 40"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M11.143 6h17.714A5.148 5.148 0 0 1 34 11.143v17.714A5.148 5.148 0 0 1 28.857 34H11.143A5.148 5.148 0 0 1 6 28.857V11.143A5.148 5.148 0 0 1 11.143 6Zm17.714 26.857c2.205 0 4-1.795 4-4V11.143c0-2.205-1.795-4-4-4H11.143c-2.205 0-4 1.795-4 4v17.714c0 2.205 1.795 4 4 4h17.714Zm-.995-22.384a.572.572 0 0 1 .847.768l-6.933 7.65 6.977 9.923a.572.572 0 0 1-.468.9h-3.714a.571.571 0 0 1-.468-.243l-5.205-7.404-6.76 7.46a.57.57 0 0 1-.808.04.572.572 0 0 1-.04-.808l6.934-7.65-6.977-9.923a.572.572 0 0 1 .468-.9h3.714c.186 0 .36.09.467.243l5.206 7.404 6.76-7.46Zm-15.047.956L24.869 28.57h2.317L15.132 11.43h-2.317Z" clip-rule="evenodd"/></svg> <span class="screen-reader-text"> X </span> </a> </li> <li class="socialicon" data-social="linkedin"> <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/shareArticle?mini=true&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nobelprize.org%2Forganization%2Fterms-of-use%2F&title=Terms+of+use" data-target="https://www.nobelprize.org/organization/terms-of-use/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" > <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="40" height="40" viewBox="0 0 40 40"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12.909 14.251a2.557 2.557 0 0 1-2.555-2.554 2.56 2.56 0 0 1 2.555-2.554 2.56 2.56 0 0 1 2.554 2.554 2.56 2.56 0 0 1-2.554 2.554Zm0-3.965c-.778 0-1.412.634-1.412 1.411s.634 1.412 1.412 1.412c.777 0 1.411-.635 1.411-1.412 0-.777-.634-1.411-1.411-1.411Z" clip-rule="evenodd"/><path d="M28.771 28.211c0 .315.258.572.572.572l-.006-.006a.573.573 0 0 0 .572-.571v-7.292c0-3.605-2.509-4.891-4.852-4.891-1.457 0-2.497.383-3.44 1v-.532a.573.573 0 0 0-.571-.571h-3.612a.573.573 0 0 0-.571.571v11.715c0 .314.257.571.571.571a.573.573 0 0 0 .572-.571V17.063h2.468v1.108a.574.574 0 0 0 .943.44c1.057-.891 2.034-1.44 3.646-1.44 1.114 0 3.708.366 3.708 3.749v7.291ZM14.611 28.783a.573.573 0 0 1-.571-.572V17.07h-2.543V28.21a.573.573 0 0 1-.571.572.573.573 0 0 1-.572-.572V16.497c0-.314.257-.571.572-.571h3.685c.315 0 .572.257.572.571v11.714a.573.573 0 0 1-.572.572Z"/><path d="M25.657 28.783a.573.573 0 0 1-.571-.572V22.83c0-1.286-.412-1.738-1.577-1.738-1.252 0-1.886.458-1.886 1.355v5.765a.573.573 0 0 1-.572.572.573.573 0 0 1-.571-.572v-5.765c0-1.56 1.131-2.497 3.029-2.497 1.897 0 2.72.971 2.72 2.88v5.382a.573.573 0 0 1-.572.572Z"/><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M11.143 34h17.714A5.15 5.15 0 0 0 34 28.857V11.143A5.15 5.15 0 0 0 28.857 6H11.143A5.15 5.15 0 0 0 6 11.143v17.714A5.15 5.15 0 0 0 11.143 34Zm-4-22.857c0-2.206 1.794-4 4-4h17.714c2.206 0 4 1.794 4 4v17.714c0 2.206-1.794 4-4 4H11.143c-2.206 0-4-1.794-4-4V11.143Z" clip-rule="evenodd"/></svg> <span class="screen-reader-text"> LinkedIn </span> </a> </li> <li class="socialicon" data-social="email"> <a data-target="https://www.nobelprize.org/organization/terms-of-use/" href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#89b6fafcebe3eceafdb4cffbe6e4acbbb9c7e6ebece5d9fbe0f3eca7e6fbeeb3acbbb9ddecfbe4faacbbb9e6efacbbb9fcfaecafaab9bab1b2ebe6edf0b4e1fdfdf9fab3a6a6fefefea7e7e6ebece5f9fbe0f3eca7e6fbeea6e6fbeee8e7e0f3e8fde0e6e7a6fdecfbe4faa4e6efa4fcfaeca6" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="40" height="40" viewBox="0 0 40 40"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12.229 14.02A1.37 1.37 0 0 0 11 15.384v9.84a1.37 1.37 0 0 0 1.37 1.37h15.26a1.37 1.37 0 0 0 1.37-1.37V15.37A1.37 1.37 0 0 0 27.63 14H12.37a.5.5 0 0 0-.141.02Zm.256.98a.504.504 0 0 1-.114.013.37.37 0 0 0-.371.37v9.841a.37.37 0 0 0 .37.37h15.26a.37.37 0 0 0 .37-.37V15.37a.37.37 0 0 0-.37-.37H12.485Zm.288.88a.5.5 0 0 1 .699-.107L20 20.577l6.528-4.804a.5.5 0 0 1 .593.805l-6.825 5.023a.5.5 0 0 1-.592 0l-6.825-5.023a.5.5 0 0 1-.106-.699Z" clip-rule="evenodd"/><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M28.857 6H11.143A5.148 5.148 0 0 0 6 11.143v17.714A5.148 5.148 0 0 0 11.143 34h17.714A5.148 5.148 0 0 0 34 28.857V11.143A5.148 5.148 0 0 0 28.857 6Zm4 22.857c0 2.205-1.795 4-4 4H11.143c-2.205 0-4-1.795-4-4V11.143c0-2.205 1.795-4 4-4h17.714c2.205 0 4 1.795 4 4v17.714Z" clip-rule="evenodd"/></svg> <span class="screen-reader-text"> Email this page </span> </a> </li> </ul> </div> </footer> </aside> </section> </main> <footer class="site-footer" role="contentinfo"> <div class="container"> <section class="footer-information"> <h4 class="heading"> <a href="/the-nobel-prize-organisation/">About the Nobel Prize organisation</a> </h4> <div class="footer-sections"> <div class="footer-section"> <h5> <a href="/the-nobel-prize-organisation/the-nobel-foundation/">The Nobel Foundation</a> </h5> <p>Tasked with a mission to manage Alfred Nobel's fortune and has ultimate responsibility for fulfilling the intentions of Nobel's will.</p> </div> <div class="footer-section"> <h5> <a href="/the-nobel-prize-organisation/prize-awarding-institutions/">The prize-awarding institutions</a> </h5> <p>For more than a century, these academic institutions have worked independently to select Nobel Prize laureates.</p> </div> <div class="footer-section"> <h5> <a href="/the-nobel-prize-organisation/outreach-organisations/">Outreach organisations</a> </h5> <p>Several outreach organisations and activities have been developed to inspire generations and disseminate knowledge about the Nobel Prize.</p> </div> </div> </section> <section class="footer-nav"> <nav class="footer-menu" role="navigation" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/SiteNavigationElement"> <ul id="menu-footer_col_1" class="footer-column-items" role="menu"><li id="menu-item-28266" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-28266" role="menuitem"><a href="https://www.nobelprize.org/press-room/">Press</a></li> <li id="menu-item-42845" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-42845" role="menuitem"><a href="https://www.nobelprize.org/contact">Contact</a></li> <li id="menu-item-28265" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-28265" role="menuitem"><a href="https://www.nobelprize.org/frequently-asked-questions/">FAQ</a></li> </ul> </nav> <nav class="footer-menu" role="navigation" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/SiteNavigationElement"> <ul id="menu-footer_col_2" class="footer-column-items" role="menu"><li id="menu-item-28268" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-28268" role="menuitem"><a href="/about/privacy-policy/">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="menu-item-28269" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-28269" role="menuitem"><a href="/about/technical-support/">Technical support</a></li> <li id="menu-item-42844" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-42844" role="menuitem"><a href="/about/terms-of-use/">Terms of use</a></li> </ul> </nav> <nav class="footer-menu" role="navigation" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/SiteNavigationElement"> <ul id="menu-footer_col_3" class="footer-column-items" role="menu"><li id="menu-item-28272" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-28272" role="menuitem"><a href="/about/developer-zone/">For developers</a></li> <li id="menu-item-42843" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-42843" role="menuitem"><a href="/mediaplayer/">Media player</a></li> <li id="menu-item-224329" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-224329" role="menuitem"><a href="https://careers.nobelprize.org">Careers</a></li> </ul> </nav> <nav class="footer-menu footer-social" role="navigation" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/SiteNavigationElement"> <h6> Join us </h6> <ul id="menu-footer_social" class="socialmenu"><li id="menu-item-28273" class="facebook menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-28273" role="menuitem"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/nobelprize/"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="40" height="40" viewBox="0 0 40 40"><path d="M14.526 34h-3.96A4.572 4.572 0 0 1 6 29.43V10.57C6 8.051 8.051 6 10.571 6H29.43A4.577 4.577 0 0 1 34 10.57v18.854c0 2.52-2.051 4.57-4.571 4.57h-3.492a.573.573 0 0 1-.571-.571V22.305c0-.314.257-.571.571-.571h2.229l.405-3.228h-2.634a.573.573 0 0 1-.571-.571v-3.28c0-.314.257-.57.571-.57h2.709v-3.229h-4.892a1.62 1.62 0 0 0-1.617 1.617v5.462a.573.573 0 0 1-.571.571h-2.709v3.228h2.709c.314 0 .571.257.571.571v11.118a.59.59 0 0 1-.166.406c-.148.148-.171.171-7.44.171h-.005ZM10.57 7.143a3.43 3.43 0 0 0-3.428 3.427v18.854a3.43 3.43 0 0 0 3.423 3.428h10.423V22.87H18.28a.573.573 0 0 1-.571-.572v-4.37c0-.314.257-.571.571-.571h2.709v-4.89c0-1.52 1.24-2.76 2.76-2.76h5.462c.315 0 .572.257.572.571v4.37a.573.573 0 0 1-.572.572h-2.708v2.137h2.708a.56.56 0 0 1 .429.194c.109.126.16.286.137.451l-.548 4.37a.573.573 0 0 1-.566.504h-2.16v9.975h2.92a3.43 3.43 0 0 0 3.428-3.428V10.57a3.43 3.43 0 0 0-3.428-3.427H10.57Z"></path></svg> <span class="screen-reader-text">Facebook</span> </a></li> <li id="menu-item-28274" class="twitter menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-28274" role="menuitem"><a href="https://twitter.com/NobelPrize"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="40" height="40" viewBox="0 0 40 40"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M11.143 6h17.714A5.148 5.148 0 0 1 34 11.143v17.714A5.148 5.148 0 0 1 28.857 34H11.143A5.148 5.148 0 0 1 6 28.857V11.143A5.148 5.148 0 0 1 11.143 6Zm17.714 26.857c2.205 0 4-1.795 4-4V11.143c0-2.205-1.795-4-4-4H11.143c-2.205 0-4 1.795-4 4v17.714c0 2.205 1.795 4 4 4h17.714Zm-.995-22.384a.572.572 0 0 1 .847.768l-6.933 7.65 6.977 9.923a.572.572 0 0 1-.468.9h-3.714a.571.571 0 0 1-.468-.243l-5.205-7.404-6.76 7.46a.57.57 0 0 1-.808.04.572.572 0 0 1-.04-.808l6.934-7.65-6.977-9.923a.572.572 0 0 1 .468-.9h3.714c.186 0 .36.09.467.243l5.206 7.404 6.76-7.46Zm-15.047.956L24.869 28.57h2.317L15.132 11.43h-2.317Z" clip-rule="evenodd"></path></svg> <span class="screen-reader-text">Twitter</span> </a></li> <li id="menu-item-43144" class="instagram menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-43144" role="menuitem"><a href="https://www.instagram.com/nobelprize_org/?hl=en"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="40" height="40" viewBox="0 0 40 40"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M28.857 34H11.143A5.15 5.15 0 0 1 6 28.857V11.143A5.15 5.15 0 0 1 11.143 6h17.714A5.15 5.15 0 0 1 34 11.143v17.714A5.15 5.15 0 0 1 28.857 34ZM11.143 7.143c-2.206 0-4 1.794-4 4v17.714c0 2.206 1.794 4 4 4h17.714c2.206 0 4-1.794 4-4V11.143c0-2.206-1.794-4-4-4H11.143Zm8.857 20c-3.937 0-7.143-3.206-7.143-7.143s3.206-7.143 7.143-7.143 7.143 3.206 7.143 7.143-3.206 7.143-7.143 7.143ZM20 14c-3.309 0-6 2.691-6 6s2.691 6 6 6 6-2.691 6-6-2.691-6-6-6Zm6-2.286a2.285 2.285 0 1 0 4.57.001 2.285 2.285 0 0 0-4.57 0Zm1.143 0c0-.628.514-1.143 1.143-1.143.628 0 1.143.515 1.143 1.143 0 .629-.515 1.143-1.143 1.143a1.146 1.146 0 0 1-1.143-1.143Z" clip-rule="evenodd"></path></svg> <span class="screen-reader-text">Instagram</span> </a></li> <li id="menu-item-43145" class="youtube menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-43145" role="menuitem"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/thenobelprize"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="40" height="40" viewBox="0 0 40 40"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M11.143 34h17.714A5.15 5.15 0 0 0 34 28.857V11.143A5.15 5.15 0 0 0 28.857 6H11.143A5.15 5.15 0 0 0 6 11.143v17.714A5.15 5.15 0 0 0 11.143 34Zm-4-22.857c0-2.206 1.794-4 4-4h17.714c2.206 0 4 1.794 4 4v17.714c0 2.206-1.794 4-4 4H11.143c-2.206 0-4-1.794-4-4V11.143Zm20.2 15.143H12.65a2.753 2.753 0 0 1-2.748-2.749v-7.074a2.753 2.753 0 0 1 2.748-2.749h14.692a2.753 2.753 0 0 1 2.748 2.749v7.074a2.753 2.753 0 0 1-2.748 2.749ZM12.65 14.857c-.885 0-1.605.72-1.605 1.606v7.074c0 .886.72 1.606 1.605 1.606h14.692c.886 0 1.606-.72 1.606-1.606v-7.074c0-.886-.72-1.606-1.606-1.606H12.65Zm5.643 8.766a.753.753 0 0 1-.746-.749l-.022-5.748c0-.275.148-.526.383-.657a.753.753 0 0 1 .76.017l4.537 2.8a.746.746 0 0 1 .354.628.77.77 0 0 1-.337.64l-4.52 2.949a.766.766 0 0 1-.409.12Zm0 0h.003-.006.003Zm.375-5.794.017 4.32 3.394-2.218-3.411-2.108v.006Z" clip-rule="evenodd"></path></svg> <span class="screen-reader-text">Youtube</span> </a></li> <li id="menu-item-164548" class="linkedin menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-164548" role="menuitem"><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/nobelprize/"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="40" height="40" viewBox="0 0 40 40"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12.909 14.251a2.557 2.557 0 0 1-2.555-2.554 2.56 2.56 0 0 1 2.555-2.554 2.56 2.56 0 0 1 2.554 2.554 2.56 2.56 0 0 1-2.554 2.554Zm0-3.965c-.778 0-1.412.634-1.412 1.411s.634 1.412 1.412 1.412c.777 0 1.411-.635 1.411-1.412 0-.777-.634-1.411-1.411-1.411Z" clip-rule="evenodd"></path><path d="M28.771 28.211c0 .315.258.572.572.572l-.006-.006a.573.573 0 0 0 .572-.571v-7.292c0-3.605-2.509-4.891-4.852-4.891-1.457 0-2.497.383-3.44 1v-.532a.573.573 0 0 0-.571-.571h-3.612a.573.573 0 0 0-.571.571v11.715c0 .314.257.571.571.571a.573.573 0 0 0 .572-.571V17.063h2.468v1.108a.574.574 0 0 0 .943.44c1.057-.891 2.034-1.44 3.646-1.44 1.114 0 3.708.366 3.708 3.749v7.291ZM14.611 28.783a.573.573 0 0 1-.571-.572V17.07h-2.543V28.21a.573.573 0 0 1-.571.572.573.573 0 0 1-.572-.572V16.497c0-.314.257-.571.572-.571h3.685c.315 0 .572.257.572.571v11.714a.573.573 0 0 1-.572.572Z"></path><path d="M25.657 28.783a.573.573 0 0 1-.571-.572V22.83c0-1.286-.412-1.738-1.577-1.738-1.252 0-1.886.458-1.886 1.355v5.765a.573.573 0 0 1-.572.572.573.573 0 0 1-.571-.572v-5.765c0-1.56 1.131-2.497 3.029-2.497 1.897 0 2.72.971 2.72 2.88v5.382a.573.573 0 0 1-.572.572Z"></path><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M11.143 34h17.714A5.15 5.15 0 0 0 34 28.857V11.143A5.15 5.15 0 0 0 28.857 6H11.143A5.15 5.15 0 0 0 6 11.143v17.714A5.15 5.15 0 0 0 11.143 34Zm-4-22.857c0-2.206 1.794-4 4-4h17.714c2.206 0 4 1.794 4 4v17.714c0 2.206-1.794 4-4 4H11.143c-2.206 0-4-1.794-4-4V11.143Z" clip-rule="evenodd"></path></svg> <span class="screen-reader-text">LinkedIn</span> </a></li> </ul> </nav> </section> <section class="colophon border-top"> <div class="footer-logo" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Organization"> <p class="site-logo" itemprop="logo"> <a itemprop="url" href="https://www.nobelprize.org"> The Nobel Prize </a> </p> </div> <div class="copyright"> Copyright © Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2024 </div> </section> </div> </footer> <button type="button" class="to-top" tabindex="-1"> <span class="screen-reader-text"> Scroll to top </span> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="45.999" height="26.001" viewBox="0 0 45.999 26.001"><path xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="#FFF" d="M5.905 24.997a3.484 3.484 0 0 1-4.893 0 3.403 3.403 0 0 1 0-4.845l19.54-19.149a3.486 3.486 0 0 1 4.895 0l19.538 19.15a3.4 3.4 0 0 1 0 4.845 3.485 3.485 0 0 1-4.893.001L22.999 9.294z"/></svg></button> <script data-cfasync="false" src="/cdn-cgi/scripts/5c5dd728/cloudflare-static/email-decode.min.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.nobelprize.org/wp-content/plugins/nobelprize-block-library/dist/js/frontend.js?ver=caaa306ca540657ccbf9" id="nobelprize_block_library_frontend-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.nobelprize.org/wp-content/themes/nobelprize/dist/js/frontend.js?ver=876a6e0119578e9b1801" id="frontend-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.nobelprize.org/wp-content/themes/nobelprize/assets/js/frontend/lib/bgset/ls.bgset.min.js?ver=1731929817" id="lazy-sizes-bg-set-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.nobelprize.org/wp-content/themes/nobelprize/assets/js/frontend/lib/lazysizes/lazysizes.min.js?ver=1731929817" id="lazy-sizes-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.nobelprize.org/wp-content/themes/nobelprize/assets/js/frontend/lib/objectfit/ls.object-fit.min.js?ver=1731929817" id="lazy-sizes-object-fit-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.nobelprize.org/wp-content/plugins/nobelprize/assets/js/admin/lib/flickity/flickity.pkgd.js?ver=1731929817" id="flickity-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.nobelprize.org/wp-content/themes/nobelprize/assets/js/frontend/lib/clamp/clamp.min.js?ver=1731929817" id="clamp-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://stats.wp.com/e-202447.js" id="jetpack-stats-js" data-wp-strategy="defer"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="jetpack-stats-js-after"> /* <![CDATA[ */ _stq = window._stq || []; _stq.push([ "view", JSON.parse("{\"v\":\"ext\",\"blog\":\"197939892\",\"post\":\"48964\",\"tz\":\"1\",\"srv\":\"www.nobelprize.org\",\"j\":\"1:13.9.1\"}") ]); _stq.push([ "clickTrackerInit", "197939892", "48964" ]); /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript">window.NREUM||(NREUM={});NREUM.info={"beacon":"bam.eu01.nr-data.net","licenseKey":"NRJS-0940f7eaf4cb46e1cfe","applicationID":"212354543","transactionName":"MhBSZQoZXUZZB0UMCwtac0QLDFxYFzdYCwMJEBAcWChcRkw=","queueTime":0,"applicationTime":479,"atts":"HldFE0IDThkaBRNfHxgI","errorBeacon":"bam.eu01.nr-data.net","agent":""}</script></body> </html>