CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en-US" class="html_stretched responsive av-preloader-disabled html_header_top html_logo_center html_bottom_nav_header html_menu_right html_custom html_header_sticky_disabled html_header_shrinking_disabled html_header_topbar_active html_mobile_menu_phone html_header_searchicon_disabled html_content_align_center html_header_unstick_top_disabled html_header_stretch_disabled html_minimal_header html_av-submenu-hidden html_av-submenu-display-click html_av-overlay-side html_av-overlay-side-classic html_av-submenu-noclone html_entry_id_45319 av-cookies-no-cookie-consent av-no-preview av-default-lightbox html_text_menu_active av-mobile-menu-switch-default"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8" /> <meta name="robots" content="index, follow" />  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">  <title>The Research Collection – Society for American Baseball Research</title> <meta name='robots' content='max-image-preview:large' /> <style>img:is([sizes="auto" i], [sizes^="auto," i]) { contain-intrinsic-size: 3000px 1500px }</style> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Society for American Baseball Research » Feed" href="https://sabr.org/feed/" /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Society for American Baseball Research » Comments Feed" href="https://sabr.org/comments/feed/" />  <script type='text/javascript'> (function() { /* check if webfonts are disabled by user setting via cookie - or user must opt in. */ var html = document.getElementsByTagName('html')[0]; var cookie_check = html.className.indexOf('av-cookies-needs-opt-in') >= 0 || html.className.indexOf('av-cookies-can-opt-out') >= 0; var allow_continue = true; var silent_accept_cookie = html.className.indexOf('av-cookies-user-silent-accept') >= 0; if( cookie_check && ! silent_accept_cookie ) { if( ! document.cookie.match(/aviaCookieConsent/) || html.className.indexOf('av-cookies-session-refused') >= 0 ) { allow_continue = false; } else { if( ! document.cookie.match(/aviaPrivacyRefuseCookiesHideBar/) ) { allow_continue = false; } else if( ! document.cookie.match(/aviaPrivacyEssentialCookiesEnabled/) ) { allow_continue = false; } else if( document.cookie.match(/aviaPrivacyGoogleWebfontsDisabled/) ) { allow_continue = false; } } } if( allow_continue ) { var f = document.createElement('link'); f.type = 'text/css'; f.rel = 'stylesheet'; f.href = 'https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Lato:300,400,700&display=auto'; f.id = 'avia-google-webfont'; document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(f); } })(); </script> <script type="text/javascript"> /* <![CDATA[ */ window._wpemojiSettings = {"baseUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/15.0.3\/72x72\/","ext":".png","svgUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/15.0.3\/svg\/","svgExt":".svg","source":{"concatemoji":"https:\/\/sabr.org\/wp-includes\/js\/wp-emoji-release.min.js?ver=6.7.1"}}; /*! This file is auto-generated */ !function(i,n){var o,s,e;function c(e){try{var t={supportTests:e,timestamp:(new Date).valueOf()};sessionStorage.setItem(o,JSON.stringify(t))}catch(e){}}function p(e,t,n){e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(t,0,0);var t=new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data),r=(e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(n,0,0),new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data));return t.every(function(e,t){return e===r[t]})}function u(e,t,n){switch(t){case"flag":return n(e,"\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200d\u26a7\ufe0f","\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200b\u26a7\ufe0f")?!1:!n(e,"\ud83c\uddfa\ud83c\uddf3","\ud83c\uddfa\u200b\ud83c\uddf3")&&!n(e,"\ud83c\udff4\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc62\udb40\udc65\udb40\udc6e\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc7f","\ud83c\udff4\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc62\u200b\udb40\udc65\u200b\udb40\udc6e\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc7f");case"emoji":return!n(e,"\ud83d\udc26\u200d\u2b1b","\ud83d\udc26\u200b\u2b1b")}return!1}function f(e,t,n){var r="undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope?new OffscreenCanvas(300,150):i.createElement("canvas"),a=r.getContext("2d",{willReadFrequently:!0}),o=(a.textBaseline="top",a.font="600 32px Arial",{});return e.forEach(function(e){o[e]=t(a,e,n)}),o}function t(e){var t=i.createElement("script");t.src=e,t.defer=!0,i.head.appendChild(t)}"undefined"!=typeof Promise&&(o="wpEmojiSettingsSupports",s=["flag","emoji"],n.supports={everything:!0,everythingExceptFlag:!0},e=new Promise(function(e){i.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",e,{once:!0})}),new Promise(function(t){var n=function(){try{var e=JSON.parse(sessionStorage.getItem(o));if("object"==typeof e&&"number"==typeof e.timestamp&&(new Date).valueOf()<e.timestamp+604800&&"object"==typeof e.supportTests)return e.supportTests}catch(e){}return null}();if(!n){if("undefined"!=typeof Worker&&"undefined"!=typeof OffscreenCanvas&&"undefined"!=typeof URL&&URL.createObjectURL&&"undefined"!=typeof Blob)try{var e="postMessage("+f.toString()+"("+[JSON.stringify(s),u.toString(),p.toString()].join(",")+"));",r=new Blob([e],{type:"text/javascript"}),a=new Worker(URL.createObjectURL(r),{name:"wpTestEmojiSupports"});return void(a.onmessage=function(e){c(n=e.data),a.terminate(),t(n)})}catch(e){}c(n=f(s,u,p))}t(n)}).then(function(e){for(var t in e)n.supports[t]=e[t],n.supports.everything=n.supports.everything&&n.supports[t],"flag"!==t&&(n.supports.everythingExceptFlag=n.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&n.supports[t]);n.supports.everythingExceptFlag=n.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&!n.supports.flag,n.DOMReady=!1,n.readyCallback=function(){n.DOMReady=!0}}).then(function(){return e}).then(function(){var e;n.supports.everything||(n.readyCallback(),(e=n.source||{}).concatemoji?t(e.concatemoji):e.wpemoji&&e.twemoji&&(t(e.twemoji),t(e.wpemoji)))}))}((window,document),window._wpemojiSettings); /* ]]> */ </script> <link rel='stylesheet' id='avia-grid-css' href='https://sabrweb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/themes/enfold/css/grid.css?ver=6.0.6' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='avia-base-css' href='https://sabrweb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/themes/enfold/css/base.css?ver=6.0.6' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='avia-layout-css' href='https://sabrweb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/themes/enfold/css/layout.css?ver=6.0.6' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='avia-module-audioplayer-css' href='https://sabrweb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/themes/enfold/config-templatebuilder/avia-shortcodes/audio-player/audio-player.css?ver=6.0.6' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='avia-module-blog-css' href='https://sabrweb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/themes/enfold/config-templatebuilder/avia-shortcodes/blog/blog.css?ver=6.0.6' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='avia-module-postslider-css' href='https://sabrweb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/themes/enfold/config-templatebuilder/avia-shortcodes/postslider/postslider.css?ver=6.0.6' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='avia-module-button-css' href='https://sabrweb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/themes/enfold/config-templatebuilder/avia-shortcodes/buttons/buttons.css?ver=6.0.6' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='avia-module-buttonrow-css' href='https://sabrweb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/themes/enfold/config-templatebuilder/avia-shortcodes/buttonrow/buttonrow.css?ver=6.0.6' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='avia-module-button-fullwidth-css' href='https://sabrweb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/themes/enfold/config-templatebuilder/avia-shortcodes/buttons_fullwidth/buttons_fullwidth.css?ver=6.0.6' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='avia-module-comments-css' href='https://sabrweb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/themes/enfold/config-templatebuilder/avia-shortcodes/comments/comments.css?ver=6.0.6' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='avia-module-slideshow-css' href='https://sabrweb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/themes/enfold/config-templatebuilder/avia-shortcodes/slideshow/slideshow.css?ver=6.0.6' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='avia-module-gallery-css' href='https://sabrweb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/themes/enfold/config-templatebuilder/avia-shortcodes/gallery/gallery.css?ver=6.0.6' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='avia-module-gridrow-css' href='https://sabrweb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/themes/enfold/config-templatebuilder/avia-shortcodes/grid_row/grid_row.css?ver=6.0.6' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='avia-module-heading-css' href='https://sabrweb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/themes/enfold/config-templatebuilder/avia-shortcodes/heading/heading.css?ver=6.0.6' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='avia-module-hr-css' href='https://sabrweb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/themes/enfold/config-templatebuilder/avia-shortcodes/hr/hr.css?ver=6.0.6' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='avia-module-icon-css' href='https://sabrweb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/themes/enfold/config-templatebuilder/avia-shortcodes/icon/icon.css?ver=6.0.6' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='avia-module-iconbox-css' href='https://sabrweb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/themes/enfold/config-templatebuilder/avia-shortcodes/iconbox/iconbox.css?ver=6.0.6' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='avia-module-icongrid-css' href='https://sabrweb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/themes/enfold/config-templatebuilder/avia-shortcodes/icongrid/icongrid.css?ver=6.0.6' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='avia-module-image-css' href='https://sabrweb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/themes/enfold/config-templatebuilder/avia-shortcodes/image/image.css?ver=6.0.6' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='avia-module-slideshow-contentpartner-css' href='https://sabrweb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/themes/enfold/config-templatebuilder/avia-shortcodes/contentslider/contentslider.css?ver=6.0.6' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='avia-module-magazine-css' href='https://sabrweb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/themes/enfold/config-templatebuilder/avia-shortcodes/magazine/magazine.css?ver=6.0.6' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='avia-module-contact-css' href='https://sabrweb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/themes/enfold/config-templatebuilder/avia-shortcodes/contact/contact.css?ver=6.0.6' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='avia-module-masonry-css' href='https://sabrweb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/themes/enfold/config-templatebuilder/avia-shortcodes/masonry_entries/masonry_entries.css?ver=6.0.6' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='avia-siteloader-css' href='https://sabrweb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/themes/enfold/css/avia-snippet-site-preloader.css?ver=6.0.6' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='avia-module-menu-css' href='https://sabrweb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/themes/enfold/config-templatebuilder/avia-shortcodes/menu/menu.css?ver=6.0.6' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='avia-module-promobox-css' href='https://sabrweb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/themes/enfold/config-templatebuilder/avia-shortcodes/promobox/promobox.css?ver=6.0.6' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='avia-sc-search-css' href='https://sabrweb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/themes/enfold/config-templatebuilder/avia-shortcodes/search/search.css?ver=6.0.6' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='avia-module-social-css' href='https://sabrweb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/themes/enfold/config-templatebuilder/avia-shortcodes/social_share/social_share.css?ver=6.0.6' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='avia-module-tabsection-css' href='https://sabrweb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/themes/enfold/config-templatebuilder/avia-shortcodes/tab_section/tab_section.css?ver=6.0.6' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='avia-module-tabs-css' href='https://sabrweb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/themes/enfold/config-templatebuilder/avia-shortcodes/tabs/tabs.css?ver=6.0.6' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='avia-module-team-css' href='https://sabrweb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/themes/enfold/config-templatebuilder/avia-shortcodes/team/team.css?ver=6.0.6' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='avia-module-testimonials-css' href='https://sabrweb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/themes/enfold/config-templatebuilder/avia-shortcodes/testimonials/testimonials.css?ver=6.0.6' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='avia-module-toggles-css' href='https://sabrweb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/themes/enfold/config-templatebuilder/avia-shortcodes/toggles/toggles.css?ver=6.0.6' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='avia-module-video-css' href='https://sabrweb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/themes/enfold/config-templatebuilder/avia-shortcodes/video/video.css?ver=6.0.6' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='wp-emoji-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'> img.wp-smiley, img.emoji { display: inline !important; border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; height: 1em !important; width: 1em !important; margin: 0 0.07em !important; vertical-align: -0.1em !important; background: none !important; padding: 0 !important; } </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='wp-block-library-css' href='https://sabrweb.b-cdn.net/wp-includes/css/dist/block-library/style.min.css?ver=6.7.1' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='elasticpress-related-posts-style-inline-css' type='text/css'> .editor-styles-wrapper .wp-block-elasticpress-related-posts ul,.wp-block-elasticpress-related-posts ul{list-style-type:none;padding:0}.editor-styles-wrapper .wp-block-elasticpress-related-posts ul li a>div{display:inline} </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='mediaelement-css' href='https://sabrweb.b-cdn.net/wp-includes/js/mediaelement/mediaelementplayer-legacy.min.css?ver=4.2.17' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='wp-mediaelement-css' href='https://sabrweb.b-cdn.net/wp-includes/js/mediaelement/wp-mediaelement.min.css?ver=6.7.1' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='view_editor_gutenberg_frontend_assets-css' href='https://sabrweb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/plugins/wp-views/public/css/views-frontend.css?ver=3.6.18' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='view_editor_gutenberg_frontend_assets-inline-css' type='text/css'> .wpv-sort-list-dropdown.wpv-sort-list-dropdown-style-default > span.wpv-sort-list,.wpv-sort-list-dropdown.wpv-sort-list-dropdown-style-default .wpv-sort-list-item {border-color: #cdcdcd;}.wpv-sort-list-dropdown.wpv-sort-list-dropdown-style-default .wpv-sort-list-item a {color: #444;background-color: #fff;}.wpv-sort-list-dropdown.wpv-sort-list-dropdown-style-default a:hover,.wpv-sort-list-dropdown.wpv-sort-list-dropdown-style-default a:focus {color: #000;background-color: #eee;}.wpv-sort-list-dropdown.wpv-sort-list-dropdown-style-default .wpv-sort-list-item.wpv-sort-list-current a {color: #000;background-color: #eee;} .wpv-sort-list-dropdown.wpv-sort-list-dropdown-style-default > span.wpv-sort-list,.wpv-sort-list-dropdown.wpv-sort-list-dropdown-style-default .wpv-sort-list-item {border-color: #cdcdcd;}.wpv-sort-list-dropdown.wpv-sort-list-dropdown-style-default .wpv-sort-list-item a {color: #444;background-color: #fff;}.wpv-sort-list-dropdown.wpv-sort-list-dropdown-style-default a:hover,.wpv-sort-list-dropdown.wpv-sort-list-dropdown-style-default a:focus {color: #000;background-color: #eee;}.wpv-sort-list-dropdown.wpv-sort-list-dropdown-style-default .wpv-sort-list-item.wpv-sort-list-current a {color: #000;background-color: #eee;}.wpv-sort-list-dropdown.wpv-sort-list-dropdown-style-grey > span.wpv-sort-list,.wpv-sort-list-dropdown.wpv-sort-list-dropdown-style-grey .wpv-sort-list-item {border-color: #cdcdcd;}.wpv-sort-list-dropdown.wpv-sort-list-dropdown-style-grey .wpv-sort-list-item a {color: #444;background-color: #eeeeee;}.wpv-sort-list-dropdown.wpv-sort-list-dropdown-style-grey a:hover,.wpv-sort-list-dropdown.wpv-sort-list-dropdown-style-grey a:focus {color: #000;background-color: #e5e5e5;}.wpv-sort-list-dropdown.wpv-sort-list-dropdown-style-grey .wpv-sort-list-item.wpv-sort-list-current a {color: #000;background-color: #e5e5e5;} .wpv-sort-list-dropdown.wpv-sort-list-dropdown-style-default > span.wpv-sort-list,.wpv-sort-list-dropdown.wpv-sort-list-dropdown-style-default .wpv-sort-list-item {border-color: #cdcdcd;}.wpv-sort-list-dropdown.wpv-sort-list-dropdown-style-default .wpv-sort-list-item a {color: #444;background-color: #fff;}.wpv-sort-list-dropdown.wpv-sort-list-dropdown-style-default a:hover,.wpv-sort-list-dropdown.wpv-sort-list-dropdown-style-default a:focus {color: #000;background-color: #eee;}.wpv-sort-list-dropdown.wpv-sort-list-dropdown-style-default .wpv-sort-list-item.wpv-sort-list-current a {color: #000;background-color: #eee;}.wpv-sort-list-dropdown.wpv-sort-list-dropdown-style-grey > span.wpv-sort-list,.wpv-sort-list-dropdown.wpv-sort-list-dropdown-style-grey .wpv-sort-list-item {border-color: #cdcdcd;}.wpv-sort-list-dropdown.wpv-sort-list-dropdown-style-grey .wpv-sort-list-item a {color: #444;background-color: #eeeeee;}.wpv-sort-list-dropdown.wpv-sort-list-dropdown-style-grey a:hover,.wpv-sort-list-dropdown.wpv-sort-list-dropdown-style-grey a:focus {color: #000;background-color: #e5e5e5;}.wpv-sort-list-dropdown.wpv-sort-list-dropdown-style-grey .wpv-sort-list-item.wpv-sort-list-current a {color: #000;background-color: #e5e5e5;}.wpv-sort-list-dropdown.wpv-sort-list-dropdown-style-blue > span.wpv-sort-list,.wpv-sort-list-dropdown.wpv-sort-list-dropdown-style-blue .wpv-sort-list-item {border-color: #0099cc;}.wpv-sort-list-dropdown.wpv-sort-list-dropdown-style-blue .wpv-sort-list-item a {color: #444;background-color: #cbddeb;}.wpv-sort-list-dropdown.wpv-sort-list-dropdown-style-blue a:hover,.wpv-sort-list-dropdown.wpv-sort-list-dropdown-style-blue a:focus {color: #000;background-color: #95bedd;}.wpv-sort-list-dropdown.wpv-sort-list-dropdown-style-blue .wpv-sort-list-item.wpv-sort-list-current a {color: #000;background-color: #95bedd;} </style> <style id='global-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'> :root{--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--square: 1;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--4-3: 4/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-4: 3/4;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-2: 3/2;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--2-3: 2/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--16-9: 16/9;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--9-16: 9/16;--wp--preset--color--black: #000000;--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray: #abb8c3;--wp--preset--color--white: #ffffff;--wp--preset--color--pale-pink: #f78da7;--wp--preset--color--vivid-red: #cf2e2e;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange: #ff6900;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber: #fcb900;--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan: #7bdcb5;--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan: #00d084;--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue: #8ed1fc;--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue: #0693e3;--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple: #9b51e0;--wp--preset--color--metallic-red: #b02b2c;--wp--preset--color--maximum-yellow-red: #edae44;--wp--preset--color--yellow-sun: #eeee22;--wp--preset--color--palm-leaf: #83a846;--wp--preset--color--aero: #7bb0e7;--wp--preset--color--old-lavender: #745f7e;--wp--preset--color--steel-teal: #5f8789;--wp--preset--color--raspberry-pink: #d65799;--wp--preset--color--medium-turquoise: #4ecac2;--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(6,147,227,1) 0%,rgb(155,81,224) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(122,220,180) 0%,rgb(0,208,130) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(252,185,0,1) 0%,rgba(255,105,0,1) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(255,105,0,1) 0%,rgb(207,46,46) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(238,238,238) 0%,rgb(169,184,195) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(74,234,220) 0%,rgb(151,120,209) 20%,rgb(207,42,186) 40%,rgb(238,44,130) 60%,rgb(251,105,98) 80%,rgb(254,248,76) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,206,236) 0%,rgb(152,150,240) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(254,205,165) 0%,rgb(254,45,45) 50%,rgb(107,0,62) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,203,112) 0%,rgb(199,81,192) 50%,rgb(65,88,208) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,245,203) 0%,rgb(182,227,212) 50%,rgb(51,167,181) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(202,248,128) 0%,rgb(113,206,126) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--midnight: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(2,3,129) 0%,rgb(40,116,252) 100%);--wp--preset--font-size--small: 1rem;--wp--preset--font-size--medium: 1.125rem;--wp--preset--font-size--large: 1.75rem;--wp--preset--font-size--x-large: clamp(1.75rem, 3vw, 2.25rem);--wp--preset--spacing--20: 0.44rem;--wp--preset--spacing--30: 0.67rem;--wp--preset--spacing--40: 1rem;--wp--preset--spacing--50: 1.5rem;--wp--preset--spacing--60: 2.25rem;--wp--preset--spacing--70: 3.38rem;--wp--preset--spacing--80: 5.06rem;--wp--preset--shadow--natural: 6px 6px 9px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--deep: 12px 12px 50px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);--wp--preset--shadow--sharp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--outlined: 6px 6px 0px -3px rgba(255, 255, 255, 1), 6px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);--wp--preset--shadow--crisp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);}:root { --wp--style--global--content-size: 800px;--wp--style--global--wide-size: 1130px; }:where(body) { margin: 0; }.wp-site-blocks > .alignleft { float: left; margin-right: 2em; }.wp-site-blocks > .alignright { float: right; margin-left: 2em; }.wp-site-blocks > .aligncenter { justify-content: center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; }:where(.is-layout-flex){gap: 0.5em;}:where(.is-layout-grid){gap: 0.5em;}.is-layout-flow > .alignleft{float: left;margin-inline-start: 0;margin-inline-end: 2em;}.is-layout-flow > .alignright{float: right;margin-inline-start: 2em;margin-inline-end: 0;}.is-layout-flow > .aligncenter{margin-left: auto !important;margin-right: auto !important;}.is-layout-constrained > .alignleft{float: left;margin-inline-start: 0;margin-inline-end: 2em;}.is-layout-constrained > .alignright{float: right;margin-inline-start: 2em;margin-inline-end: 0;}.is-layout-constrained > .aligncenter{margin-left: auto !important;margin-right: auto !important;}.is-layout-constrained > :where(:not(.alignleft):not(.alignright):not(.alignfull)){max-width: var(--wp--style--global--content-size);margin-left: auto !important;margin-right: auto !important;}.is-layout-constrained > .alignwide{max-width: var(--wp--style--global--wide-size);}body .is-layout-flex{display: flex;}.is-layout-flex{flex-wrap: wrap;align-items: center;}.is-layout-flex > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}body .is-layout-grid{display: grid;}.is-layout-grid > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}body{padding-top: 0px;padding-right: 0px;padding-bottom: 0px;padding-left: 0px;}a:where(:not(.wp-element-button)){text-decoration: underline;}:root :where(.wp-element-button, .wp-block-button__link){background-color: #32373c;border-width: 0;color: #fff;font-family: inherit;font-size: inherit;line-height: inherit;padding: calc(0.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);text-decoration: none;}.has-black-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-metallic-red-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--metallic-red) !important;}.has-maximum-yellow-red-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--maximum-yellow-red) !important;}.has-yellow-sun-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--yellow-sun) !important;}.has-palm-leaf-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--palm-leaf) !important;}.has-aero-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--aero) !important;}.has-old-lavender-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--old-lavender) !important;}.has-steel-teal-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--steel-teal) !important;}.has-raspberry-pink-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--raspberry-pink) !important;}.has-medium-turquoise-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--medium-turquoise) !important;}.has-black-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-metallic-red-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--metallic-red) !important;}.has-maximum-yellow-red-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--maximum-yellow-red) !important;}.has-yellow-sun-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--yellow-sun) !important;}.has-palm-leaf-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--palm-leaf) !important;}.has-aero-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--aero) !important;}.has-old-lavender-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--old-lavender) !important;}.has-steel-teal-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--steel-teal) !important;}.has-raspberry-pink-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--raspberry-pink) !important;}.has-medium-turquoise-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--medium-turquoise) !important;}.has-black-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-metallic-red-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--metallic-red) !important;}.has-maximum-yellow-red-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--maximum-yellow-red) !important;}.has-yellow-sun-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--yellow-sun) !important;}.has-palm-leaf-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--palm-leaf) !important;}.has-aero-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--aero) !important;}.has-old-lavender-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--old-lavender) !important;}.has-steel-teal-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--steel-teal) !important;}.has-raspberry-pink-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--raspberry-pink) !important;}.has-medium-turquoise-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--medium-turquoise) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red) !important;}.has-very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-cool-to-warm-spectrum-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum) !important;}.has-blush-light-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple) !important;}.has-blush-bordeaux-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux) !important;}.has-luminous-dusk-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk) !important;}.has-pale-ocean-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean) !important;}.has-electric-grass-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass) !important;}.has-midnight-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--midnight) !important;}.has-small-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--small) !important;}.has-medium-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--medium) !important;}.has-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--large) !important;}.has-x-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--x-large) !important;} :where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;} :where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;} :root :where(.wp-block-pullquote){font-size: 1.5em;line-height: 1.6;} </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='child-css-css' href='https://sabrweb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/themes/enfold-child/style.css?ver=6.7.1' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='avia-scs-css' href='https://sabrweb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/themes/enfold/css/shortcodes.css?ver=6.0.6' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='avia-fold-unfold-css' href='https://sabrweb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/themes/enfold/css/avia-snippet-fold-unfold.css?ver=6.0.6' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='avia-popup-css-css' href='https://sabrweb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/themes/enfold/js/aviapopup/magnific-popup.min.css?ver=6.0.6' type='text/css' media='screen' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='avia-lightbox-css' href='https://sabrweb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/themes/enfold/css/avia-snippet-lightbox.css?ver=6.0.6' type='text/css' media='screen' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='avia-widget-css-css' href='https://sabrweb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/themes/enfold/css/avia-snippet-widget.css?ver=6.0.6' type='text/css' media='screen' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='avia-dynamic-css' href='https://sabrweb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/dynamic_avia/enfold_child.css?ver=6747ee4f06a94' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='avia-custom-css' href='https://sabrweb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/themes/enfold/css/custom.css?ver=6.0.6' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='avia-style-css' href='https://sabrweb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/themes/enfold-child/style.css?ver=6.0.6' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='elasticpress-facets-css' href='https://sabrweb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/plugins/elasticpress/dist/css/facets-styles.css?ver=7d568203f3965dc85d8a' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='avia-single-post-45319-css' href='https://sabrweb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/dynamic_avia/avia_posts_css/post-45319.css?ver=ver-1732768436' type='text/css' media='all' /> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://sabrweb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/plugins/wp-views/vendor/toolset/common-es/public/toolset-common-es-frontend.js?ver=174000" id="toolset-common-es-frontend-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://sabrweb.b-cdn.net/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery.min.js?ver=3.7.1" id="jquery-core-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://sabrweb.b-cdn.net/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery-migrate.min.js?ver=3.4.1" id="jquery-migrate-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://sabrweb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/themes/enfold/js/avia-js.js?ver=6.0.6" id="avia-js-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://sabrweb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/themes/enfold/js/avia-compat.js?ver=6.0.6" id="avia-compat-js"></script> <link rel="https://api.w.org/" href="https://sabr.org/wp-json/" /><link rel="alternate" title="JSON" type="application/json" href="https://sabr.org/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/45319" /><link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" title="RSD" href="https://sabr.org/xmlrpc.php?rsd" /> <meta name="generator" content="WordPress 6.7.1" /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://sabr.org/the-research-collection/" /> <link rel='shortlink' href='https://sabr.org/?p=45319' /> <link rel="alternate" title="oEmbed (JSON)" type="application/json+oembed" href="https://sabr.org/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsabr.org%2Fthe-research-collection%2F" /> <link rel="alternate" title="oEmbed (XML)" type="text/xml+oembed" href="https://sabr.org/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsabr.org%2Fthe-research-collection%2F&format=xml" />   <script> !function(f,b,e,v,n,t,s) {if(f.fbq)return;n=f.fbq=function(){n.callMethod? n.callMethod.apply(n,arguments):n.queue.push(arguments)}; if(!f._fbq)f._fbq=n;n.push=n;n.loaded=!0;n.version='2.0'; n.queue=[];t=b.createElement(e);t.async=!0; t.src=v;s=b.getElementsByTagName(e)[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(t,s)}(window, document,'script', 'https://connect.facebook.net/en_US/fbevents.js'); fbq('init', '3782094238505693'); fbq('track', 'PageView'); </script> <noscript><img height="1" width="1" src="https://www.facebook.com/tr?id=3782094238505693&ev=PageView&noscript=1" /></noscript>       <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=DC-10729026"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'DC-10729026'); </script>   <script> gtag('event', 'conversion', { 'allow_custom_scripts': true, 'send_to': 'DC-10729026/sabrh0/sabrs0+standard' }); </script> <noscript> <img src="https://ad.doubleclick.net/ddm/activity/src=10729026;type=sabrh0;cat=sabrs0;dc_lat=;dc_rdid=;tag_for_child_directed_treatment=;tfua=;npa=;gdpr=${GDPR};gdpr_consent=${GDPR_CONSENT_755};ord=1?" width="1" height="1" alt="" /> </noscript>  <link rel="profile" href="https://gmpg.org/xfn/11" /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Society for American Baseball Research RSS2 Feed" href="https://sabr.org/feed/" /> <link rel="pingback" href="https://sabr.org/xmlrpc.php" /> <style type='text/css' media='screen'> #top #header_main > .container, #top #header_main > .container .main_menu .av-main-nav > li > a, #top #header_main #menu-item-shop .cart_dropdown_link{ height:300px; line-height: 300px; } .html_top_nav_header .av-logo-container{ height:300px; } .html_header_top.html_header_sticky #top #wrap_all #main{ padding-top:380px; } </style>  <link rel="icon" href="/_media/favicon.png" type="image/png"> <script> window.addEventListener("load",function(){ var c={script:false,link:false}; function ls(s) { if(!['script','link'].includes(s)||c[s]){return;}c[s]=true; var d=document,f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s); if(s==='script'){j.async=true;j.src='https://sabrweb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/plugins/wp-views/vendor/toolset/blocks/public/js/frontend.js?v=1.6.14';}else{ j.rel='stylesheet';j.href='https://sabrweb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/plugins/wp-views/vendor/toolset/blocks/public/css/style.css?v=1.6.14';} f.parentNode.insertBefore(j, f); }; function ex(){ls('script');ls('link')} window.addEventListener("scroll", ex, {once: true}); if (('IntersectionObserver' in window) && ('IntersectionObserverEntry' in window) && ('intersectionRatio' in window.IntersectionObserverEntry.prototype)) { var i = 0, fb = document.querySelectorAll("[class^='tb-']"), o = new IntersectionObserver(es => { es.forEach(e => { o.unobserve(e.target); if (e.intersectionRatio > 0) { ex();o.disconnect();}else{ i++;if(fb.length>i){o.observe(fb[i])}} }) }); if (fb.length) { o.observe(fb[i]) } } }) </script> <noscript> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://sabrweb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/plugins/wp-views/vendor/toolset/blocks/public/css/style.css"> </noscript><style type="text/css"> @font-face {font-family: 'entypo-fontello'; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; font-display: auto; src: url('https://sabrweb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/themes/enfold/config-templatebuilder/avia-template-builder/assets/fonts/entypo-fontello.woff2') format('woff2'), url('https://sabrweb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/themes/enfold/config-templatebuilder/avia-template-builder/assets/fonts/entypo-fontello.woff') format('woff'), url('https://sabrweb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/themes/enfold/config-templatebuilder/avia-template-builder/assets/fonts/entypo-fontello.ttf') format('truetype'), url('https://sabr.org/wp-content/themes/enfold/config-templatebuilder/avia-template-builder/assets/fonts/entypo-fontello.svg#entypo-fontello') format('svg'), url('https://sabr.org/wp-content/themes/enfold/config-templatebuilder/avia-template-builder/assets/fonts/entypo-fontello.eot'), url('https://sabr.org/wp-content/themes/enfold/config-templatebuilder/avia-template-builder/assets/fonts/entypo-fontello.eot?#iefix') format('embedded-opentype'); } #top .avia-font-entypo-fontello, body .avia-font-entypo-fontello, html body [data-av_iconfont='entypo-fontello']:before{ font-family: 'entypo-fontello'; } </style>  </head> <body id="top" class="page-template-default page page-id-45319 stretched rtl_columns av-curtain-numeric lato avia-responsive-images-support" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/WebPage" > <div id='wrap_all'> <header id='header' class='all_colors header_color dark_bg_color av_header_top av_logo_center av_bottom_nav_header av_menu_right av_custom av_header_sticky_disabled av_header_shrinking_disabled av_header_stretch_disabled av_mobile_menu_phone av_header_searchicon_disabled av_header_unstick_top_disabled av_minimal_header av_alternate_logo_active av_header_border_disabled' aria-label="Header" data-av_shrink_factor='50' role="banner" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/WPHeader" > <div id='header_meta' class='container_wrap container_wrap_meta av_secondary_right av_extra_header_active av_entry_id_45319'> <div class='container'> <nav class='sub_menu' role="navigation" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/SiteNavigationElement" ><ul role="menu" class="menu" id="avia2-menu"><li role="menuitem" id="menu-item-17" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-17"><a target="_blank" href="https://profile.sabr.org/">Member Login</a></li> <li role="menuitem" id="menu-item-18" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-18"><a href="/chapters">Join a Chapter</a></li> <li role="menuitem" id="menu-item-20" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-20"><a target="_blank" href="https://profile.sabr.org/search/">Membership Directory</a></li> </ul></nav> </div> </div> <div id='header_main' class='container_wrap container_wrap_logo'> <div class='container av-logo-container'><div class='inner-container'><span class='logo avia-standard-logo'><a href='https://sabr.org/' class='' aria-label='Society for American Baseball Research' ><img src="https://sabrweb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/sabr_logo.png" height="100" width="300" alt='Society for American Baseball Research' title='' /></a></span><style type="text/css"> #header-items { display:flex; justify-content:center; padding-top:90px; } @media all and (max-width:300px) { #header-items .item.right > section .highlights { padding:0; } } @media all and (max-width:767px) { #header-items { flex-direction:column; } #header-items .item.right { padding-top:10px; } #header-items .item.right > section > .avia_textblock { padding:0; } } @media all and (min-width:768px) { #header-items .item.right > section > .avia_textblock { padding:0 0 0 15%; } #header-items .item.right > section .highlights { /*padding-left:180px;*/ } } @media all and (max-width:1080px) { #header-items .item.right > section .highlights h3 { font-size:18px; } #header-items .item.right > section .highlights p { font-size:14px; } } @media all and (max-width:1000px) { #header-items .item.right > section .highlights h3 { font-size:16px; } #header-items .item.right > section .highlights p { /*display:none;*/ } } #header-items .item { flex:auto; text-align:none; } #header-items .item.left > section { padding:4% 8%; margin-top:5%; background: rgb(3, 26, 58, 0.3); } #header-items .item.left > section h3 { padding-bottom:10px; } #header-items .item.right > section p { line-height:18px; } #header-items .item.right > section a { background-color:#ba3434; border-color:#ba3434; color:#fff; padding:10px 18px; } /** overrides **/ span.logo a { height:auto; } </style> <div id="header-items"> <div class="item left"> <section class="av_textblock_section " itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/CreativeWork"> <div class="avia_textblock" itemprop="text"> <h3>Search the Research Collection</h3> <div class="avia_search_element avia-builder-el-2 el_after_av_hr el_before_av_textblock "> <form action="/" id="searchform_element" method="get" class="av_disable_ajax_search"> <div class="av_searchform_wrapper"> <input type="hidden" name="posts_per_page" value="10" /> <input type="text" value="" id="s" name="s" placeholder="" class=""> <div class="av_searchsubmit_wrapper av-submit-hasicon"> <input type="submit" value="" id="searchsubmit" class="button av-submit-hasicon avia-font-entypo-fontello"> <img src="https://sabrweb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/themes/enfold/images/layout/blank.png"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> </section> </div> <div class="item right"> <section class="av_textblock_section " itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/CreativeWork"> <div class="avia_textblock " itemprop="text"> <img class="alignleft size-full wp-image-175" src="https://sabrweb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/sabr-analytics_180x140_WHT.png" alt="SABR Analytics" width="180" height="140"> <div class="highlights"> <h3>SABR Analytics Conference</h3> <p>Register now to join us on March 14-16, 2025, in Phoenix, AZ.</p> <div class="avia-button-wrap avia-button-left avia-builder-el-3 avia-builder-el-no-sibling "> <a href="/analytics" class="avia-button avia-icon_select-no avia-color-custom avia-size-medium avia-position-left "> <span class="avia_iconbox_title">Learn More</span> </a> </div> </div> </div> </section> </div> </div></div></div><div id='header_main_alternate' class='container_wrap'><div class='container'><nav class='main_menu' data-selectname='Select a page' role="navigation" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/SiteNavigationElement" ><div class="avia-menu av-main-nav-wrap"><ul role="menu" class="menu av-main-nav" id="avia-menu"><li role="menuitem" id="menu-item-45384" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page current-menu-item page_item page-item-45319 current_page_item menu-item-top-level menu-item-top-level-1"><a href="https://sabr.org/the-research-collection/" itemprop="url" tabindex="0"><span class="avia-bullet"></span><span class="avia-menu-text">The Research Collection</span><span class="avia-menu-fx"><span class="avia-arrow-wrap"><span class="avia-arrow"></span></span></span></a></li> <li role="menuitem" id="menu-item-45407" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-top-level menu-item-top-level-2"><a href="https://sabr.org/events" itemprop="url" tabindex="0"><span class="avia-bullet"></span><span class="avia-menu-text">Events</span><span class="avia-menu-fx"><span class="avia-arrow-wrap"><span class="avia-arrow"></span></span></span></a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li role="menuitem" id="menu-item-65064" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page"><a href="https://sabr.org/events" itemprop="url" tabindex="0"><span class="avia-bullet"></span><span class="avia-menu-text">Events Calendar</span></a></li> <li role="menuitem" id="menu-item-62567" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="/analytics" itemprop="url" tabindex="0"><span class="avia-bullet"></span><span class="avia-menu-text">Analytics Conference</span></a></li> <li role="menuitem" id="menu-item-62568" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="/convention" itemprop="url" tabindex="0"><span class="avia-bullet"></span><span class="avia-menu-text">Annual Convention</span></a></li> <li role="menuitem" id="menu-item-62569" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="/malloy" itemprop="url" tabindex="0"><span class="avia-bullet"></span><span class="avia-menu-text">Jerry Malloy Negro League Conference</span></a></li> <li role="menuitem" id="menu-item-65063" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page"><a href="https://sabr.org/women-in-baseball-conference/" itemprop="url" tabindex="0"><span class="avia-bullet"></span><span class="avia-menu-text">Women in Baseball Conference</span></a></li> <li role="menuitem" id="menu-item-62570" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="/ivor-campbell19c" itemprop="url" tabindex="0"><span class="avia-bullet"></span><span class="avia-menu-text">19th Century Conference</span></a></li> <li role="menuitem" id="menu-item-62571" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="/sabrday" itemprop="url" tabindex="0"><span class="avia-bullet"></span><span class="avia-menu-text">SABR Day</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li role="menuitem" id="menu-item-196305" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-top-level menu-item-top-level-3"><a href="https://sabr.org/community/" itemprop="url" tabindex="0"><span class="avia-bullet"></span><span class="avia-menu-text">Community</span><span class="avia-menu-fx"><span class="avia-arrow-wrap"><span class="avia-arrow"></span></span></span></a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li role="menuitem" id="menu-item-95533" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="/community" itemprop="url" tabindex="0"><span class="avia-bullet"></span><span class="avia-menu-text">Join SABR</span></a></li> <li role="menuitem" id="menu-item-95530" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://sabr.org/chapters" itemprop="url" tabindex="0"><span class="avia-bullet"></span><span class="avia-menu-text">Regional Chapters</span></a></li> <li role="menuitem" id="menu-item-95531" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://sabr.org/research/committees" itemprop="url" tabindex="0"><span class="avia-bullet"></span><span class="avia-menu-text">Research Committees</span></a></li> <li role="menuitem" id="menu-item-95532" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://sabr.org/chartered-communities/" itemprop="url" tabindex="0"><span class="avia-bullet"></span><span class="avia-menu-text">Chartered Communities</span></a></li> <li role="menuitem" id="menu-item-165544" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page"><a href="https://sabr.org/benefit-spotlight/" itemprop="url" tabindex="0"><span class="avia-bullet"></span><span class="avia-menu-text">Member Benefit Spotlight</span></a></li> <li role="menuitem" id="menu-item-95534" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://profile.sabr.org/page/members-only" itemprop="url" tabindex="0"><span class="avia-bullet"></span><span class="avia-menu-text">Members’ Home</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li role="menuitem" id="menu-item-45485" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-top-level menu-item-top-level-4"><a href="https://sabr.org/donate" itemprop="url" tabindex="0"><span class="avia-bullet"></span><span class="avia-menu-text">Donate</span><span class="avia-menu-fx"><span class="avia-arrow-wrap"><span class="avia-arrow"></span></span></span></a></li> <li role="menuitem" id="menu-item-95638" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-top-level menu-item-top-level-5"><a href="https://sabr.org/scholars" itemprop="url" tabindex="0"><span class="avia-bullet"></span><span class="avia-menu-text">SABR Scholars</span><span class="avia-menu-fx"><span class="avia-arrow-wrap"><span class="avia-arrow"></span></span></span></a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li role="menuitem" id="menu-item-198922" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page"><a href="https://sabr.org/analytics/certification/" itemprop="url" tabindex="0"><span class="avia-bullet"></span><span class="avia-menu-text">Analytics Certification</span></a></li> <li role="menuitem" id="menu-item-198923" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page"><a href="https://sabr.org/scholarships" itemprop="url" tabindex="0"><span class="avia-bullet"></span><span class="avia-menu-text">Scholarships</span></a></li> <li role="menuitem" id="menu-item-198924" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page"><a href="https://sabr.org/internships/" itemprop="url" tabindex="0"><span class="avia-bullet"></span><span class="avia-menu-text">Internships</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li role="menuitem" id="menu-item-57561" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-top-level menu-item-top-level-6"><a href="https://sabr.org/ebooks" itemprop="url" tabindex="0"><span class="avia-bullet"></span><span class="avia-menu-text">Publications</span><span class="avia-menu-fx"><span class="avia-arrow-wrap"><span class="avia-arrow"></span></span></span></a></li> <li role="menuitem" id="menu-item-57424" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-top-level menu-item-top-level-7"><a href="https://sabr.org/latest-news" itemprop="url" tabindex="0"><span class="avia-bullet"></span><span class="avia-menu-text">Latest News</span><span class="avia-menu-fx"><span class="avia-arrow-wrap"><span class="avia-arrow"></span></span></span></a></li> <li class="av-burger-menu-main menu-item-avia-special " role="menuitem"> <a href="#" aria-label="Menu" aria-hidden="false"> <span class="av-hamburger av-hamburger--spin av-js-hamburger"> <span class="av-hamburger-box"> <span class="av-hamburger-inner"></span> <strong>Menu</strong> </span> </span> <span class="avia_hidden_link_text">Menu</span> </a> </li></ul></div></nav></div> </div>  </div> <div class="header_bg"></div>  </header> <div id='main' class='all_colors' data-scroll-offset='0'> <div class='main_color container_wrap_first container_wrap fullsize' ><div class='container av-section-cont-open' ><main role="main" itemprop="mainContentOfPage" class='template-page content av-content-full alpha units'><div class='post-entry post-entry-type-page post-entry-45319'><div class='entry-content-wrapper clearfix'><div class='av-special-heading av-1c95ep3-316ff23cd6efc43fc025b58e82492df5 av-special-heading-h1 avia-builder-el-0 el_before_av_textblock avia-builder-el-first '><h1 class='av-special-heading-tag ' itemprop="headline" >The Research Collection</h1><div class="special-heading-border"><div class="special-heading-inner-border"></div></div></div> <section class='av_textblock_section av-k9iwivr5-32111d8728d729a10676bcb76f1659f3 ' itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/CreativeWork" ><div class='avia_textblock' itemprop="text" ><p>The SABR Research Collection is an archive of 50+ years of groundbreaking baseball research that contains thousands of articles from the </span><em>Baseball Research Journal</span></em> (BRJ), </span><em>The National Pastime</em> (TNP), the SABR Digital Library, and more. Use the search bar at the top to find articles and content on just about any subject in baseball history from SABR’s collection. </span></p> </div></section> <div class='hr av-k9iwuxcm-41adc93dbac39f56f73300c2751f5b7e hr-invisible avia-builder-el-2 el_after_av_textblock el_before_av_two_third '><span class='hr-inner '><span class="hr-inner-style"></span></span></div> <div class='flex_column_table av-k8evvpyb-8486351d0ad888b3baa529e08dc1e653 sc-av_two_third av-equal-height-column-flextable'><div class='flex_column av-k8evvpyb-8486351d0ad888b3baa529e08dc1e653 av_two_third avia-builder-el-3 el_after_av_hr el_before_av_one_third first flex_column_table_cell av-equal-height-column av-align-top av-zero-column-padding ' ><div class='avia-image-container av-k8evctqq-129e1a2613ad11bcc81399c6bb2f776d av-styling- avia-align-center avia-builder-el-4 avia-builder-el-no-sibling noHover av-overlay-hover-deactivate' itemprop="image" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ImageObject" ><div class="avia-image-container-inner"><div class="avia-image-overlay-wrap"><div class="av-image-caption-overlay"><div class="av-caption-image-overlay-bg"></div><div class="av-image-caption-overlay-position"><div class="av-image-caption-overlay-center"><h5 style="color: #ffffff !important;">SABR-Rucker Archive</h5> <p style="font-size:16px;">Find tens of thousands rare baseball images from the 19th century to current major league teams and players.</p> <p style="font-size:16px;"><a href="https://sabr.org/rucker-archive">LEARN MORE</a></p> </div></div></div><img decoding="async" fetchpriority="high" class='wp-image-127619 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-127619 avia_image ' src="https://sabrweb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/research-collection-rucker5_730x285.png" alt='' title='research-collection-rucker5_730x285' height="285" width="730" itemprop="thumbnailUrl" srcset="https://sabrweb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/research-collection-rucker5_730x285.png 730w, https://sabrweb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/research-collection-rucker5_730x285-300x117.png 300w, https://sabrweb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/research-collection-rucker5_730x285-705x275.png 705w" sizes="(max-width: 730px) 100vw, 730px" /></div></div></div></div> <div class='av-flex-placeholder'></div><div class='flex_column av-r5xg2v-54eaa529a6993d4e8926058de0330c27 av_one_third avia-builder-el-5 el_after_av_two_third el_before_av_one_third flex_column_table_cell av-equal-height-column av-align-top av-zero-column-padding ' ><div class='avia-image-container av-k8evctqq-16-70df51a3d231b0208ce2a845bccac937 av-styling- avia-align-center avia-builder-el-6 avia-builder-el-no-sibling noHover av-overlay-hover-deactivate' itemprop="image" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ImageObject" ><div class="avia-image-container-inner"><div class="avia-image-overlay-wrap"><div class="av-image-caption-overlay"><div class="av-caption-image-overlay-bg"></div><div class="av-image-caption-overlay-position"><div class="av-image-caption-overlay-center"><h5 style="color: #ffffff !important;">Baseball Research Journal</h5> <p style="font-size:16px;color: #ffffff !important;">Read articles from the Fall 2024 edition of the BRJ.</p> <p style="font-size:16px;"><a href="/journals/fall-2024-baseball-research-journal">LEARN MORE</a></p> </div></div></div><img decoding="async" fetchpriority="high" class='wp-image-127614 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-127614 avia_image ' src="https://sabrweb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/research-collection7_350x300.jpg" alt='' title='research-collection7_350x300' height="300" width="350" itemprop="thumbnailUrl" srcset="https://sabrweb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/research-collection7_350x300.jpg 350w, https://sabrweb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/research-collection7_350x300-300x257.jpg 300w" sizes="(max-width: 350px) 100vw, 350px" /></div></div></div></div></div><div class='flex_column av-k8evvpyb-17-bcd0f9c8b2c5b8b543b4e6b2b92969ab av_one_third avia-builder-el-7 el_after_av_one_third el_before_av_one_third first flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding column-top-margin' ><div class='avia-image-container av-k8evctqq-12-cbab30a159d491a1a0e74b6b89dc33ff av-styling- avia-align-center avia-builder-el-8 avia-builder-el-no-sibling noHover av-overlay-hover-deactivate' itemprop="image" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ImageObject" ><div class="avia-image-container-inner"><div class="avia-image-overlay-wrap"><div class="av-image-caption-overlay"><div class="av-caption-image-overlay-bg"></div><div class="av-image-caption-overlay-position"><div class="av-image-caption-overlay-center"><h5 style="color: #ffffff !important;">SABR Digital Library</h5> <p style="font-size:16px;">Download or purchase baseball books from the SABR Digital Library.</p> <p style="font-size:16px;"><a href="/ebooks">LEARN MORE</a></p> </div></div></div><img decoding="async" fetchpriority="high" class='wp-image-127613 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-127613 avia_image ' src="https://sabrweb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/research-collection6_350x300.jpg" alt='' title='research-collection6_350x300' height="300" width="350" itemprop="thumbnailUrl" srcset="https://sabrweb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/research-collection6_350x300.jpg 350w, https://sabrweb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/research-collection6_350x300-300x257.jpg 300w" sizes="(max-width: 350px) 100vw, 350px" /></div></div></div></div></p> <div class='flex_column av-r5xg2v-15-5015ef9e1c9e631253edc2c6a19994aa av_one_third avia-builder-el-9 el_after_av_one_third el_before_av_one_third flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding column-top-margin' ><div class='avia-image-container av-k8evctqq-14-609fde86504bb2d73c4de4a2f0b4359e av-styling- avia-align-center avia-builder-el-10 avia-builder-el-no-sibling noHover av-overlay-hover-deactivate' itemprop="image" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ImageObject" ><div class="avia-image-container-inner"><div class="avia-image-overlay-wrap"><div class="av-image-caption-overlay"><div class="av-caption-image-overlay-bg"></div><div class="av-image-caption-overlay-position"><div class="av-image-caption-overlay-center"><h5 style="color: #ffffff !important;">The National Pastime</h5> <p style="font-size:16px;">Find stories from SABR’s convention and literary journal since 1982.</p> <p style="font-size:16px;"><a href="/the-national-pastime-archives">LEARN MORE</a></p> </div></div></div><img decoding="async" fetchpriority="high" class='wp-image-45385 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-45385 avia_image ' src="https://sabrweb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/research-collection2_350x300.jpg" alt='' title='research-collection2_350x300' height="300" width="350" itemprop="thumbnailUrl" srcset="https://sabrweb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/research-collection2_350x300.jpg 350w, https://sabrweb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/research-collection2_350x300-300x257.jpg 300w" sizes="(max-width: 350px) 100vw, 350px" /></div></div></div></div> <div class='flex_column av-19qniqv-e3eb42815c7047c4e0edbdcccc61b73e av_one_third avia-builder-el-11 el_after_av_one_third el_before_av_one_third flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding column-top-margin' ><div class='avia-image-container av-1urnvr-d75c54c535a05b8336f3dbf180e2526a av-styling- avia-align-center avia-builder-el-12 avia-builder-el-no-sibling noHover av-overlay-hover-deactivate' itemprop="image" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ImageObject" ><div class="avia-image-container-inner"><div class="avia-image-overlay-wrap"><div class="av-image-caption-overlay"><div class="av-caption-image-overlay-bg"></div><div class="av-image-caption-overlay-position"><div class="av-image-caption-overlay-center"><h5 style="color: #ffffff !important;">BRJ Archives</h5> <p style="font-size:16px;">Past articles from SABR’s flagship publication, 1972-present.</p> <p style="font-size:16px;"><a href="/baseball-research-journal-archives/">LEARN MORE</a></p> </div></div></div><img decoding="async" fetchpriority="high" class='wp-image-45377 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-45377 avia_image ' src="https://sabrweb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/research-collection_350x300.jpg" alt='' title='research-collection_350x300' height="300" width="350" itemprop="thumbnailUrl" srcset="https://sabrweb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/research-collection_350x300.jpg 350w, https://sabrweb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/research-collection_350x300-300x257.jpg 300w" sizes="(max-width: 350px) 100vw, 350px" /></div></div></div></div> <div class='flex_column_table av-r5xg2v-13-8d322456add9ec7393c35cbaab23999d sc-av_one_third av-equal-height-column-flextable'><div class='flex_column av-r5xg2v-13-8d322456add9ec7393c35cbaab23999d av_one_third avia-builder-el-13 el_after_av_one_third el_before_av_one_third first flex_column_table_cell av-equal-height-column av-align-top av-zero-column-padding column-top-margin' ><div class='avia-image-container av-k8evctqq-11-2b93e882eb0cdb2a32e1faf5c7558498 av-styling- avia-align-center avia-builder-el-14 avia-builder-el-no-sibling noHover av-overlay-hover-deactivate' itemprop="image" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ImageObject" ><div class="avia-image-container-inner"><div class="avia-image-overlay-wrap"><div class="av-image-caption-overlay"><div class="av-caption-image-overlay-bg"></div><div class="av-image-caption-overlay-position"><div class="av-image-caption-overlay-center"><h5 style="color: #ffffff !important;">Games Project</h5> <p style="font-size:16px;">SABR articles on memorable baseball games.</p> <p style="font-size:16px;"><a href="/gamesproject">LEARN MORE</a></p> </div></div></div><img decoding="async" fetchpriority="high" class='wp-image-45389 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-45389 avia_image ' src="https://sabrweb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/research-collection5_350x300.jpg" alt='' title='research-collection5_350x300' height="300" width="350" itemprop="thumbnailUrl" srcset="https://sabrweb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/research-collection5_350x300.jpg 350w, https://sabrweb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/research-collection5_350x300-300x257.jpg 300w" sizes="(max-width: 350px) 100vw, 350px" /></div></div></div></div> <div class='av-flex-placeholder'></div><div class='flex_column av-r5xg2v-10-8275a588f4638db2313b2670a77c6da4 av_one_third avia-builder-el-15 el_after_av_one_third el_before_av_one_third flex_column_table_cell av-equal-height-column av-align-top av-zero-column-padding column-top-margin' ><div class='avia-image-container av-k8evctqq-9-fafd6de2cdd41789b061cf631e91b1d8 av-styling- avia-align-center avia-builder-el-16 avia-builder-el-no-sibling noHover av-overlay-hover-deactivate' itemprop="image" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ImageObject" ><div class="avia-image-container-inner"><div class="avia-image-overlay-wrap"><div class="av-image-caption-overlay"><div class="av-caption-image-overlay-bg"></div><div class="av-image-caption-overlay-position"><div class="av-image-caption-overlay-center"><h5 style="color: #ffffff !important;">Biography Project</h5> <p style="font-size:16px;">6,000+ biographies of baseball players, executives, umpires, and others.</p> <p style="font-size:16px;"><a href="/bioproject">LEARN MORE</a></p> </div></div></div><img decoding="async" fetchpriority="high" class='wp-image-45387 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-45387 avia_image ' src="https://sabrweb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/research-collection3_350x300.jpg" alt='' title='research-collection3_350x300' height="300" width="350" itemprop="thumbnailUrl" srcset="https://sabrweb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/research-collection3_350x300.jpg 350w, https://sabrweb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/research-collection3_350x300-300x257.jpg 300w" sizes="(max-width: 350px) 100vw, 350px" /></div></div></div></div> <div class='av-flex-placeholder'></div><div class='flex_column av-r5xg2v-8-a94f60737fc318e40a7f9ef09d4115b1 av_one_third avia-builder-el-17 el_after_av_one_third el_before_av_hr flex_column_table_cell av-equal-height-column av-align-top av-zero-column-padding column-top-margin' ><div class='avia-image-container av-k8evctqq-7-17ab7bb02889d2bcfd29af08791a0e1d av-styling- avia-align-center avia-builder-el-18 avia-builder-el-no-sibling noHover av-overlay-hover-deactivate' itemprop="image" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ImageObject" ><div class="avia-image-container-inner"><div class="avia-image-overlay-wrap"><div class="av-image-caption-overlay"><div class="av-caption-image-overlay-bg"></div><div class="av-image-caption-overlay-position"><div class="av-image-caption-overlay-center"><h5 style="color: #ffffff !important;">Oral History Collection</h5> <p style="font-size:16px;">Listen to SABR interviews with baseball figures past and present.</p> <p style="font-size:16px;"><a href="/oralhistory">LEARN MORE</a></p> </div></div></div><img decoding="async" fetchpriority="high" class='wp-image-45388 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-45388 avia_image ' src="https://sabrweb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/research-collection4_350x300.jpg" alt='' title='research-collection4_350x300' height="300" width="350" itemprop="thumbnailUrl" srcset="https://sabrweb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/research-collection4_350x300.jpg 350w, https://sabrweb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/research-collection4_350x300-300x257.jpg 300w" sizes="(max-width: 350px) 100vw, 350px" /></div></div></div></div></div> <div class='hr av-1y8ths7-2c6e5dada62b856aa4de79e76cb19749 hr-default avia-builder-el-19 el_after_av_one_third el_before_av_heading '><span class='hr-inner '><span class="hr-inner-style"></span></span></div> <div class='av-special-heading av-lmu3dz-ef8fb17a254a72e7cc6b351925a9c305 av-special-heading-h4 custom-color-heading blockquote modern-quote modern-centered avia-builder-el-20 el_after_av_hr el_before_av_textblock '><h4 class='av-special-heading-tag ' itemprop="headline" >Research Tools</h4><div class="special-heading-border"><div class="special-heading-inner-border"></div></div></div> <section class='av_textblock_section av-k8g707ke-28110306a377090cb901eb79c1319190 ' itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/CreativeWork" ><div class='avia_textblock' itemprop="text" ><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">SABR’s Research Tools are a member benefit designed to help baseball researchers find the resources they need online.</span></p> </div></section> <div class='hr av-1y8ths7-6-e75f6ebd00fbf6f9b93fdab946175962 hr-short avia-builder-el-22 el_after_av_textblock el_before_av_one_third hr-center'><span class='hr-inner '><span class="hr-inner-style"></span></span></div> <div class='flex_column av-1s87zwn-33ba058515e7f9f88871c19850c2d9bc av_one_third avia-builder-el-23 el_after_av_hr el_before_av_one_third first flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding ' ><section class='av_textblock_section av-k8g707ke-5-8f47f321c792f37d67c5920dc0f46b81 ' itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/CreativeWork" ><div class='avia_textblock' itemprop="text" ><p style="text-align: center;"> <h3 style="text-align: center;">Research Resources</h3> <p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Log in to find resources such as Paper of Record, Guide to Sabermetric Research, SABR Defensive Index, The Sporting News Contract Card Collection, Triple Plays Database, and more.</span></p> </div></section> <section class="avia_codeblock_section avia_code_block_0" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/CreativeWork" ><div class='avia_codeblock ' itemprop="text" ><div class="avia-buttonrow-wrap avia-buttonrow-center avia-builder-el-0 el_before_av_textblock avia-builder-el-first "> <a href="https://profile.sabr.org/page/research-resources" class="avia-button avia-icon_select-no avia-size-small avia-color-theme-color" aria-label="Research Resources"><span class="avia_iconbox_title">Learn more</span></a> </div></div></section></div> <div class='flex_column av-1co9tgn-3118c96fe1e85e8736f86865998e8a94 av_one_third avia-builder-el-26 el_after_av_one_third el_before_av_one_third flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding ' ><section class='av_textblock_section av-k8g707ke-4-ced54944fc409db85143fa33384927c7 ' itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/CreativeWork" ><div class='avia_textblock' itemprop="text" ><p style="text-align: center;"> <h3 style="text-align: center;">How-To Guide</h3> <p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Whether you’re just starting out or an experienced author, check out SABR’s </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">Baseball Research Handbook </span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;">for tips and techniques on all aspects of baseball research.</span></p> </div></section> <section class="avia_codeblock_section avia_code_block_1" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/CreativeWork" ><div class='avia_codeblock ' itemprop="text" ><div class="avia-buttonrow-wrap avia-buttonrow-center avia-builder-el-0 el_before_av_textblock avia-builder-el-first "> <a href="https://sabr.org/how-to" class="avia-button avia-icon_select-no avia-size-small avia-color-theme-color" aria-label="How to Do Baseball Research"><span class="avia_iconbox_title">Learn more</span></a> </div></div></section></div> <div class='flex_column av-mmdo7b-b1a669b305cc31cfa250704d8887ca0b av_one_third avia-builder-el-29 el_after_av_one_third el_before_av_hr flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding ' ><section class='av_textblock_section av-k8g707ke-2-27191b901e6fa78bbe95471c0fdcc4e9 ' itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/CreativeWork" ><div class='avia_textblock' itemprop="text" ><p style="text-align: center;"> <h3 style="text-align: center;">Research Committees</h3> <p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Sign up for email announcements from dozens of SABR research committees, such as the Deadball Era, Latino Baseball, Negro Leagues, Statistical Analysis, and Women in Baseball.</span></p> </div></section> <section class="avia_codeblock_section avia_code_block_2" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/CreativeWork" ><div class='avia_codeblock ' itemprop="text" ><div class="avia-buttonrow-wrap avia-buttonrow-center avia-builder-el-0 el_before_av_textblock avia-builder-el-first "> <a href="https://sabr.org/research/committees" class="avia-button avia-icon_select-no avia-size-small avia-color-theme-color" aria-label="Research Committees"><span class="avia_iconbox_title">Learn more</span></a> </div></div></section></div> <div class='hr av-m20zah77-73c893d4e4fd1d5aaaea41c7207f64a8 hr-invisible avia-builder-el-32 el_after_av_one_third el_before_av_hr '><span class='hr-inner '><span class="hr-inner-style"></span></span></div> <div class='hr av-11zf813-893447a0e6b931f9239ae8f2414b8078 hr-invisible avia-builder-el-33 el_after_av_hr el_before_av_hr '><span class='hr-inner '><span class="hr-inner-style"></span></span></div> <div class='hr av-32gvon-de33d7f0b389aa37edbefb80d57fe5e4 hr-invisible avia-builder-el-34 el_after_av_hr el_before_av_one_third '><span class='hr-inner '><span class="hr-inner-style"></span></span></div> <div class='flex_column av-1pxl153-ffb3c9d8b918cb626d97c3461988cbd6 av_one_third avia-builder-el-35 el_after_av_hr el_before_av_one_third first flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding ' ><section class='av_textblock_section av-m20z2ekr-f941ed6a7edeb34ae504743bb396171e ' itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/CreativeWork" ><div class='avia_textblock' itemprop="text" ><h3 style="text-align: center;">The Baseball Index</h3> <p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">The Baseball Index is an ongoing project to catalog the entirety of baseball literature. With more than 250,000 citations, TBI is a searchable database to what has been written about nearly every baseball subject.</span></p> </div></section> <section class="avia_codeblock_section avia_code_block_3" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/CreativeWork" ><div class='avia_codeblock ' itemprop="text" ><div class="avia-buttonrow-wrap avia-buttonrow-center avia-builder-el-0 el_before_av_textblock avia-builder-el-first "> <a href="https://profile.sabr.org/page/research-resources" class="avia-button avia-icon_select-no avia-size-small avia-color-theme-color" aria-label="Research Resources"><span class="avia_iconbox_title">Learn more</span></a> </div></div></section></div> <div class='flex_column av-2w1ecn-efc4783656b68f29dcbd42ce7b5e69ce av_one_third avia-builder-el-38 el_after_av_one_third avia-builder-el-last flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding ' ><section class='av_textblock_section av-m20z455i-15dc1751fedb586b49dc0fce344f79c0 ' itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/CreativeWork" ><div class='avia_textblock' itemprop="text" ><h3 style="text-align: center;">Lahman Baseball Database</h3> <p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">The Lahman Baseball Database contains complete batting and pitching statistics back to 1871, plus fielding statistics, standings, team stats, managerial records, postseason data, and more.</span></p> </div></section> <section class="avia_codeblock_section avia_code_block_4" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/CreativeWork" ><div class='avia_codeblock ' itemprop="text" ><div class="avia-buttonrow-wrap avia-buttonrow-center avia-builder-el-0 el_before_av_textblock avia-builder-el-first "> <a href="https://sabr.org/lahman-database" class="avia-button avia-icon_select-no avia-size-small avia-color-theme-color" aria-label="Lahman Baseball Database"><span class="avia_iconbox_title">Learn more</span></a> </div></div></section></div> </div></div></main>  </div></div><div class="footer-page-content footer_color" id="footer-page"><style type="text/css" data-created_by="avia_inline_auto" id="style-css-av-k6v62xgq-c0812a68936ee67ed4883eaa9d35be9b"> .avia-section.av-k6v62xgq-c0812a68936ee67ed4883eaa9d35be9b{ background-color:#ba3434; background-image:unset; } </style> <div id='av_section_1' class='avia-section av-k6v62xgq-c0812a68936ee67ed4883eaa9d35be9b socket_color avia-section-no-padding avia-no-border-styling avia-builder-el-0 el_before_av_section avia-builder-el-first avia-bg-style-scroll container_wrap fullsize' ><div class='container av-section-cont-open' ><main role="main" itemprop="mainContentOfPage" class='template-page content av-content-full alpha units'><div class='post-entry post-entry-type-page post-entry-45319'><div class='entry-content-wrapper clearfix'> <style type="text/css" data-created_by="avia_inline_auto" id="style-css-av-k6vjh3c1-6e054d3e064b63cc4fd62705beaeb222"> #top .hr.hr-invisible.av-k6vjh3c1-6e054d3e064b63cc4fd62705beaeb222{ height:20px; } </style> <div class='hr av-k6vjh3c1-6e054d3e064b63cc4fd62705beaeb222 hr-invisible avia-builder-el-1 el_before_av_one_half avia-builder-el-first '><span class='hr-inner '><span class="hr-inner-style"></span></span></div> <style type="text/css" data-created_by="avia_inline_auto" id="style-css-av-1is5j-d7bc5744a8d5b0e0c9e8b57d956d9911"> .flex_column.av-1is5j-d7bc5744a8d5b0e0c9e8b57d956d9911{ border-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px; padding:0px 0px 0px 0px; } </style> <div id="footer-donate" class='flex_column av-1is5j-d7bc5744a8d5b0e0c9e8b57d956d9911 av_one_half avia-builder-el-2 el_after_av_hr el_before_av_one_half first flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding ' ><section class='av_textblock_section av-k6vj61qq-af9e91ff62e074eb8aa95ca88522d700 ' itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/CreativeWork" ><div class='avia_textblock' itemprop="text" ><h2 style="text-align: right; transform: none;">Support SABR today!</h2> </div></section></div> <style type="text/css" data-created_by="avia_inline_auto" id="style-css-av-xvar-4d3aff70cab149e235b812ae11946ed5"> .flex_column.av-xvar-4d3aff70cab149e235b812ae11946ed5{ border-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px; padding:0px 0px 0px 0px; } </style> <div class='flex_column av-xvar-4d3aff70cab149e235b812ae11946ed5 av_one_half avia-builder-el-4 el_after_av_one_half avia-builder-el-last flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding ' ><div class='avia-buttonrow-wrap av-kbidfwqk-7b7bf7995a4651ae64cf26905dbdb7f6 avia-buttonrow-center avia-builder-el-5 avia-builder-el-no-sibling '> <style type="text/css" data-created_by="avia_inline_auto" id="style-css-av-5mef-7c601e4a78a7ddddabbbc98264abc4dd"> #top #wrap_all .avia-button.av-5mef-7c601e4a78a7ddddabbbc98264abc4dd{ background-color:#03285e; border-color:#03285e; color:#ffffff; transition:all 0.4s ease-in-out; margin-bottom:25px; margin-right:13px; margin-left:13px; } </style> <a href='https://sabr.org/donate' class='avia-button av-5mef-7c601e4a78a7ddddabbbc98264abc4dd avia-icon_select-no avia-size-medium' aria-label="Donate"><span class='avia_iconbox_title' >Donate</span></a> <style type="text/css" data-created_by="avia_inline_auto" id="style-css-av-z3fn-e5b08a7de37fe77f324fec6174b3914d"> #top #wrap_all .avia-button.av-z3fn-e5b08a7de37fe77f324fec6174b3914d{ background-color:#03285e; border-color:#03285e; color:#ffffff; transition:all 0.4s ease-in-out; margin-bottom:25px; margin-right:13px; margin-left:13px; } </style> <a href='' class='avia-button av-z3fn-e5b08a7de37fe77f324fec6174b3914d avia-icon_select-no avia-size-medium' aria-label="Join"><span class='avia_iconbox_title' >Join</span></a> </div></div> </div></div></main></div></div> <style type="text/css" data-created_by="avia_inline_auto" id="style-css-av-k6v62xgq-3-b844e182fe2bd198b9c139488c36fafb"> .avia-section.av-k6v62xgq-3-b844e182fe2bd198b9c139488c36fafb{ background-color:#0b53bc; background-image:unset; } </style> <div id='av_section_2' class='avia-section av-k6v62xgq-3-b844e182fe2bd198b9c139488c36fafb footer_color avia-section-small avia-no-border-styling avia-builder-el-6 el_after_av_section el_before_av_section avia-bg-style-scroll container_wrap fullsize' ><div class='container av-section-cont-open' ><div class='template-page content av-content-full alpha units'><div class='post-entry post-entry-type-page post-entry-45319'><div class='entry-content-wrapper clearfix'> <style type="text/css" data-created_by="avia_inline_auto" id="style-css-av-22327-cbb1839f1460e724a12e6c0c6578bcec"> .flex_column.av-22327-cbb1839f1460e724a12e6c0c6578bcec{ border-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px; padding:0px 0px 0px 0px; } </style> <div class='flex_column av-22327-cbb1839f1460e724a12e6c0c6578bcec av_one_third avia-builder-el-7 el_before_av_one_third avia-builder-el-first first flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding ' ><style type="text/css" data-created_by="avia_inline_auto" id="style-css-av-k6vmdq6b-11003a6d41192d27d2c0dbf855114ae2"> .avia-image-container.av-k6vmdq6b-11003a6d41192d27d2c0dbf855114ae2 img.avia_image{ box-shadow:none; } .avia-image-container.av-k6vmdq6b-11003a6d41192d27d2c0dbf855114ae2 .av-image-caption-overlay-center{ color:#ffffff; } </style> <div class='avia-image-container av-k6vmdq6b-11003a6d41192d27d2c0dbf855114ae2 av-styling-no-styling avia-align-center avia-builder-el-8 el_before_av_textblock avia-builder-el-first ' itemprop="image" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ImageObject" ><div class="avia-image-container-inner"><div class="avia-image-overlay-wrap"><img decoding="async" fetchpriority="high" class='wp-image-167 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-167 avia_image ' src="https://sabrweb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/sabr_logo.png" alt='' title='sabr_logo' height="121" width="302" itemprop="thumbnailUrl" srcset="https://sabrweb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/sabr_logo.png 302w, https://sabrweb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/sabr_logo-300x120.png 300w" sizes="(max-width: 302px) 100vw, 302px" /></div></div></div> <section class='av_textblock_section av-k6v6dxyg-8fedb2e7940cdf2c89fda660c2b94b0f ' itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/CreativeWork" ><div class='avia_textblock' itemprop="text" ><p>Cronkite School at ASU<br /> 555 N. Central Ave. #406-C<br /> Phoenix, AZ 85004<br /> Phone: 602-496-1460</p> </div></section></div> <style type="text/css" data-created_by="avia_inline_auto" id="style-css-av-moz-1a96db6b54b5ea9999929ed83497377f"> .flex_column.av-moz-1a96db6b54b5ea9999929ed83497377f{ border-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px; padding:0px 0px 0px 0px; } </style> <div class='flex_column av-moz-1a96db6b54b5ea9999929ed83497377f av_one_third avia-builder-el-10 el_after_av_one_third el_before_av_one_third flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding ' ><section class='av_textblock_section av-k6v6dxyg-1-56a3df97f30d50f7b85e9a7dc7ed7dd9 ' itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/CreativeWork" ><div class='avia_textblock' itemprop="text" ><p style="text-align: center;"><a href="/about">About</a></p> <p style="text-align: center;"><a href="/history">History</a></p> <p style="text-align: center;"><a href="/about/meet-the-staff">Meet the Staff</a></p> <p style="text-align: center;"><a href="/about/board-of-directors">Board of Directors</a></p> <p style="text-align: center;"><a href="/about/annual-reports">Annual Reports</a></p> <p style="text-align: center;"><a href="/about/diversity-statement">Diversity Statement</a></p> <p style="text-align: center;"><a href="/about/contact-sabr">Contact SABR</a></p> </div></section></div> <style type="text/css" data-created_by="avia_inline_auto" id="style-css-av-p2xv-b906c037a52a916ab43f3d9c2a496586"> .flex_column.av-p2xv-b906c037a52a916ab43f3d9c2a496586{ border-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px; padding:0px 0px 0px 0px; } </style> <div class='flex_column av-p2xv-b906c037a52a916ab43f3d9c2a496586 av_one_third avia-builder-el-12 el_after_av_one_third avia-builder-el-last flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding ' ><style type="text/css" data-created_by="avia_inline_auto" id="style-css-av-k6v7vj6o-dcc91a687bb8628ecf17b808c0ba5f54"> #top .hr.hr-invisible.av-k6v7vj6o-dcc91a687bb8628ecf17b808c0ba5f54{ height:25px; } </style> <div class='hr av-k6v7vj6o-dcc91a687bb8628ecf17b808c0ba5f54 hr-invisible avia-builder-el-13 el_before_av_icongrid avia-builder-el-first '><span class='hr-inner '><span class="hr-inner-style"></span></span></div> <style type="text/css" data-created_by="avia_inline_auto" id="style-css-av-k6v7p59r-f614e16f6e9ccf1fcd6a51e9f21dfb9a"> .avia-icon-grid-container.av-k6v7p59r-f614e16f6e9ccf1fcd6a51e9f21dfb9a .avia-icongrid{ justify-content:space-between; } </style> <style type="text/css" data-created_by="avia_inline_auto" id="style-css-sub-av-k6v7p59r-f614e16f6e9ccf1fcd6a51e9f21dfb9a"> .avia-icon-grid-container .avia-icongrid-wrapper.av-2x2q3-875d443c969547d14c49976d47268f3f .avia-icongrid-icon{ color:#ffffff; } .avia-icon-grid-container .avia-icongrid-wrapper.av-2a10n-c30ab718bfaefded5d115f27fc784ad1 .avia-icongrid-icon{ color:#ffffff; } .avia-icon-grid-container .avia-icongrid-wrapper.av-1atyr-49b5a14a4221807293ae93ab1137e890 .avia-icongrid-icon{ color:#ffffff; } .avia-icon-grid-container .avia-icongrid-wrapper.av-z3if-8f69ffc628243216548221175ba479bc .avia-icongrid-icon{ color:#ffffff; } </style> <div class='avia-icon-grid-container av-k6v7p59r-f614e16f6e9ccf1fcd6a51e9f21dfb9a avia-builder-el-14 el_after_av_hr el_before_av_button_big avia-builder-el-last av-medium-hide av-small-hide av-mini-hide' ><ul id='avia-icongrid-674e09e204a47' class='avia-icongrid clearfix avia_animate_when_almost_visible avia-icongrid-tooltip avia-icongrid-numrow-4 avia-cell-space-between av-flex-cells av-break-767 av-can-break-50'> <li class='av-icon-cell-item av-row-with-4-cells av-row-nr-1 av-cell-1 av-first-cell-row av-first-cell-item'><a href='http://www.twitter.com/sabr' title='' target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class='avia-icongrid-wrapper av-2x2q3-875d443c969547d14c49976d47268f3f'><article class='article-icon-entry av-icongrid-empty' itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/CreativeWork" ><div class='avia-icongrid-front '><div class="avia-icongrid-inner"><div class='avia-icongrid-icon avia-font-entypo-fontello'><span class='icongrid-char' aria-hidden='true' data-av_icon='' data-av_iconfont='entypo-fontello'></span></div><header class="entry-content-header" aria-label="Icon: "></header></div></div><div class='avia-icongrid-content' data-class-flipback=''><div class="avia-icongrid-inner"><div class='avia-icongrid-text' itemprop="text" ></div></div></div></article></a></li> <li class='av-icon-cell-item av-row-with-4-cells av-row-nr-1 av-cell-2 av-first-cell-row av-inner-cell-item'><a href='https://www.facebook.com/SABR.baseball.research/' title='' target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class='avia-icongrid-wrapper av-2a10n-c30ab718bfaefded5d115f27fc784ad1'><article class='article-icon-entry av-icongrid-empty' itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/CreativeWork" ><div class='avia-icongrid-front '><div class="avia-icongrid-inner"><div class='avia-icongrid-icon avia-font-entypo-fontello'><span class='icongrid-char' aria-hidden='true' data-av_icon='' data-av_iconfont='entypo-fontello'></span></div><header class="entry-content-header" aria-label="Icon: "></header></div></div><div class='avia-icongrid-content' data-class-flipback=''><div class="avia-icongrid-inner"><div class='avia-icongrid-text' itemprop="text" ></div></div></div></article></a></li> <li class='av-icon-cell-item av-row-with-4-cells av-row-nr-1 av-cell-3 av-first-cell-row av-inner-cell-item'><a href='http://www.youtube.com/sabrvideos' title='' target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class='avia-icongrid-wrapper av-1atyr-49b5a14a4221807293ae93ab1137e890'><article class='article-icon-entry av-icongrid-empty' itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/CreativeWork" ><div class='avia-icongrid-front '><div class="avia-icongrid-inner"><div class='avia-icongrid-icon avia-font-entypo-fontello'><span class='icongrid-char' aria-hidden='true' data-av_icon='' data-av_iconfont='entypo-fontello'></span></div><header class="entry-content-header" aria-label="Icon: "></header></div></div><div class='avia-icongrid-content' data-class-flipback=''><div class="avia-icongrid-inner"><div class='avia-icongrid-text' itemprop="text" ></div></div></div></article></a></li> <li class='av-icon-cell-item av-row-with-4-cells av-row-nr-1 av-cell-4 av-first-cell-row av-last-cell-item'><a href='https://sabr.org/about/contact-sabr/' title='' class='avia-icongrid-wrapper av-z3if-8f69ffc628243216548221175ba479bc'><article class='article-icon-entry av-icongrid-empty' itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/CreativeWork" ><div class='avia-icongrid-front '><div class="avia-icongrid-inner"><div class='avia-icongrid-icon avia-font-entypo-fontello'><span class='icongrid-char' aria-hidden='true' data-av_icon='' data-av_iconfont='entypo-fontello'></span></div><header class="entry-content-header" aria-label="Icon: "></header></div></div><div class='avia-icongrid-content' data-class-flipback=''><div class="avia-icongrid-inner"><div class='avia-icongrid-text' itemprop="text" ></div></div></div></article></a></li> </ul></div> <div id="small-full-button" class='avia-button-wrap avia-button-center avia-builder-el-15 el_after_av_icongrid avia-builder-el-last '> <style type="text/css" data-created_by="avia_inline_auto" id="style-css-av-k6v7gkhl-edeb6e3b76ffb26216b728edb826edb3"> #top #wrap_all .avia-button.av-k6v7gkhl-edeb6e3b76ffb26216b728edb826edb3{ background-color:#1271fc; border-color:#1271fc; color:#ffffff; transition:all 0.4s ease-in-out; } #top #wrap_all .avia-button.av-k6v7gkhl-edeb6e3b76ffb26216b728edb826edb3:hover{ background-color:#1271fc; color:#ffffff; transition:all 0.4s ease-in-out; } </style> <a href='https://sabr.org/donate' class='avia-button avia-button-fullwidth av-k6v7gkhl-edeb6e3b76ffb26216b728edb826edb3 avia-icon_select-no avia-color-custom' aria-label="DONATE"><span class='avia_iconbox_title' >DONATE</span></a></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div id='av_section_3' class='avia-section av-k6v62xgq-2-f40b9b16c60912f8aedf31ab5b300730 socket_color avia-section-small avia-no-border-styling avia-builder-el-16 el_after_av_section avia-builder-el-last avia-bg-style-scroll container_wrap fullsize' ><div class='container av-section-cont-open' ><div class='template-page content av-content-full alpha units'><div class='post-entry post-entry-type-page post-entry-45319'><div class='entry-content-wrapper clearfix'> <section class='av_textblock_section av-k6v63hw3-4ff4b12afaae56abf1e69e7fff84fe39 ' itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/CreativeWork" ><div class='avia_textblock' itemprop="text" ><p style="text-align: center;">© SABR. All Rights Reserved</p> </div></section> </p> </div></div></div>  </div></div></div>  </div> </div> <a href='#top' title='Scroll to top' id='scroll-top-link' aria-hidden='true' data-av_icon='' data-av_iconfont='entypo-fontello' tabindex='-1'><span class="avia_hidden_link_text">Scroll to top</span></a> <div id="fb-root"></div> <script type='text/javascript'> /* <![CDATA[ */ var avia_framework_globals = avia_framework_globals || {}; avia_framework_globals.frameworkUrl = 'https://sabr.org/wp-content/themes/enfold/framework/'; avia_framework_globals.installedAt = 'https://sabr.org/wp-content/themes/enfold/'; avia_framework_globals.ajaxurl = 'https://sabr.org/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php'; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://sabrweb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/themes/enfold/js/waypoints/waypoints.min.js?ver=6.0.6" id="avia-waypoints-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://sabrweb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/themes/enfold/js/avia.js?ver=6.0.6" id="avia-default-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://sabrweb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/themes/enfold/js/shortcodes.js?ver=6.0.6" id="avia-shortcodes-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://sabrweb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/themes/enfold/config-templatebuilder/avia-shortcodes/audio-player/audio-player.js?ver=6.0.6" id="avia-module-audioplayer-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://sabrweb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/themes/enfold/config-templatebuilder/avia-shortcodes/gallery/gallery.js?ver=6.0.6" id="avia-module-gallery-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://sabrweb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/themes/enfold/config-templatebuilder/avia-shortcodes/icongrid/icongrid.js?ver=6.0.6" id="avia-module-icongrid-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://sabrweb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/themes/enfold/config-templatebuilder/avia-shortcodes/slideshow/slideshow.js?ver=6.0.6" id="avia-module-slideshow-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://sabrweb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/themes/enfold/config-templatebuilder/avia-shortcodes/magazine/magazine.js?ver=6.0.6" id="avia-module-magazine-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://sabrweb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/themes/enfold/config-templatebuilder/avia-shortcodes/contact/contact.js?ver=6.0.6" id="avia-module-contact-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://sabrweb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/themes/enfold/config-templatebuilder/avia-shortcodes/portfolio/isotope.min.js?ver=6.0.6" id="avia-module-isotope-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://sabrweb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/themes/enfold/config-templatebuilder/avia-shortcodes/masonry_entries/masonry_entries.js?ver=6.0.6" id="avia-module-masonry-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://sabrweb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/themes/enfold/config-templatebuilder/avia-shortcodes/menu/menu.js?ver=6.0.6" id="avia-module-menu-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://sabrweb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/themes/enfold/config-templatebuilder/avia-shortcodes/slideshow/slideshow-video.js?ver=6.0.6" id="avia-module-slideshow-video-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://sabrweb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/themes/enfold/config-templatebuilder/avia-shortcodes/tab_section/tab_section.js?ver=6.0.6" id="avia-module-tabsection-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://sabrweb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/themes/enfold/config-templatebuilder/avia-shortcodes/tabs/tabs.js?ver=6.0.6" id="avia-module-tabs-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://sabrweb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/themes/enfold/config-templatebuilder/avia-shortcodes/testimonials/testimonials.js?ver=6.0.6" id="avia-module-testimonials-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://sabrweb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/themes/enfold/config-templatebuilder/avia-shortcodes/toggles/toggles.js?ver=6.0.6" id="avia-module-toggles-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://sabrweb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/themes/enfold/config-templatebuilder/avia-shortcodes/video/video.js?ver=6.0.6" id="avia-module-video-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://sabrweb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/themes/enfold-child/js/script.js?ver=1.0" id="child-js-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://sabrweb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/themes/enfold/js/avia-snippet-hamburger-menu.js?ver=6.0.6" id="avia-hamburger-menu-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://sabrweb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/themes/enfold/js/avia-snippet-parallax.js?ver=6.0.6" id="avia-parallax-support-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://sabrweb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/themes/enfold/js/avia-snippet-fold-unfold.js?ver=6.0.6" id="avia-fold-unfold-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://sabrweb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/themes/enfold/js/aviapopup/jquery.magnific-popup.min.js?ver=6.0.6" id="avia-popup-js-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://sabrweb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/themes/enfold/js/avia-snippet-lightbox.js?ver=6.0.6" id="avia-lightbox-activation-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://sabrweb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/themes/enfold/js/avia-snippet-megamenu.js?ver=6.0.6" id="avia-megamenu-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://sabrweb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/themes/enfold/js/avia-snippet-footer-effects.js?ver=6.0.6" id="avia-footer-effects-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://sabrweb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/themes/enfold/js/avia-snippet-widget.js?ver=6.0.6" id="avia-widget-js-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="mediaelement-core-js-before"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var mejsL10n = {"language":"en","strings":{"mejs.download-file":"Download File","mejs.install-flash":"You are using a browser that does not have Flash player enabled or installed. Please turn on your Flash player plugin or download the latest version from https:\/\/get.adobe.com\/flashplayer\/","mejs.fullscreen":"Fullscreen","mejs.play":"Play","mejs.pause":"Pause","mejs.time-slider":"Time Slider","mejs.time-help-text":"Use Left\/Right Arrow keys to advance one second, Up\/Down arrows to advance ten seconds.","mejs.live-broadcast":"Live Broadcast","mejs.volume-help-text":"Use Up\/Down Arrow keys to increase or decrease volume.","mejs.unmute":"Unmute","mejs.mute":"Mute","mejs.volume-slider":"Volume Slider","mejs.video-player":"Video Player","mejs.audio-player":"Audio Player","mejs.captions-subtitles":"Captions\/Subtitles","mejs.captions-chapters":"Chapters","mejs.none":"None","mejs.afrikaans":"Afrikaans","mejs.albanian":"Albanian","mejs.arabic":"Arabic","mejs.belarusian":"Belarusian","mejs.bulgarian":"Bulgarian","mejs.catalan":"Catalan","mejs.chinese":"Chinese","mejs.chinese-simplified":"Chinese (Simplified)","mejs.chinese-traditional":"Chinese (Traditional)","mejs.croatian":"Croatian","mejs.czech":"Czech","mejs.danish":"Danish","mejs.dutch":"Dutch","mejs.english":"English","mejs.estonian":"Estonian","mejs.filipino":"Filipino","mejs.finnish":"Finnish","mejs.french":"French","mejs.galician":"Galician","mejs.german":"German","mejs.greek":"Greek","mejs.haitian-creole":"Haitian Creole","mejs.hebrew":"Hebrew","mejs.hindi":"Hindi","mejs.hungarian":"Hungarian","mejs.icelandic":"Icelandic","mejs.indonesian":"Indonesian","mejs.irish":"Irish","mejs.italian":"Italian","mejs.japanese":"Japanese","mejs.korean":"Korean","mejs.latvian":"Latvian","mejs.lithuanian":"Lithuanian","mejs.macedonian":"Macedonian","mejs.malay":"Malay","mejs.maltese":"Maltese","mejs.norwegian":"Norwegian","mejs.persian":"Persian","mejs.polish":"Polish","mejs.portuguese":"Portuguese","mejs.romanian":"Romanian","mejs.russian":"Russian","mejs.serbian":"Serbian","mejs.slovak":"Slovak","mejs.slovenian":"Slovenian","mejs.spanish":"Spanish","mejs.swahili":"Swahili","mejs.swedish":"Swedish","mejs.tagalog":"Tagalog","mejs.thai":"Thai","mejs.turkish":"Turkish","mejs.ukrainian":"Ukrainian","mejs.vietnamese":"Vietnamese","mejs.welsh":"Welsh","mejs.yiddish":"Yiddish"}}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://sabrweb.b-cdn.net/wp-includes/js/mediaelement/mediaelement-and-player.min.js?ver=4.2.17" id="mediaelement-core-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://sabrweb.b-cdn.net/wp-includes/js/mediaelement/mediaelement-migrate.min.js?ver=6.7.1" id="mediaelement-migrate-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="mediaelement-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var _wpmejsSettings = {"pluginPath":"\/wp-includes\/js\/mediaelement\/","classPrefix":"mejs-","stretching":"responsive","audioShortcodeLibrary":"mediaelement","videoShortcodeLibrary":"mediaelement"}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://sabrweb.b-cdn.net/wp-includes/js/mediaelement/wp-mediaelement.min.js?ver=6.7.1" id="wp-mediaelement-js"></script> <script type='text/javascript'> (function($) { /* check if google analytics tracking is disabled by user setting via cookie - or user must opt in. */ var analytics_code = "\n\n<script id='google_analytics_script' class='google_analytics_scripts' async src='https:\/\/www.googletagmanager.com\/gtag\/js?id=G-ZVVDP1PF90'><\/script>\n<script class='google_analytics_scripts' type='text\/javascript'>\nwindow.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || [];\nfunction gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);}\ngtag('js', new Date());\ngtag('config', 'G-ZVVDP1PF90', { 'anonymize_ip': true });\n<\/script>\n".replace(/\"/g, '"' ); var html = document.getElementsByTagName('html')[0]; $('html').on( 'avia-cookie-settings-changed', function(e) { var cookie_check = html.className.indexOf('av-cookies-needs-opt-in') >= 0 || html.className.indexOf('av-cookies-can-opt-out') >= 0; var allow_continue = true; var silent_accept_cookie = html.className.indexOf('av-cookies-user-silent-accept') >= 0; var script_loaded = $( 'script.google_analytics_scripts' ); if( cookie_check && ! silent_accept_cookie ) { if( ! document.cookie.match(/aviaCookieConsent/) || html.className.indexOf('av-cookies-session-refused') >= 0 ) { allow_continue = false; } else { if( ! document.cookie.match(/aviaPrivacyRefuseCookiesHideBar/) ) { allow_continue = false; } else if( ! document.cookie.match(/aviaPrivacyEssentialCookiesEnabled/) ) { allow_continue = false; } else if( document.cookie.match(/aviaPrivacyGoogleTrackingDisabled/) ) { allow_continue = false; } } } // allow 3-rd party plugins to hook (see enfold\config-cookiebot\cookiebot.js) if( window['wp'] && wp.hooks ) { allow_continue = wp.hooks.applyFilters( 'aviaCookieConsent_allow_continue', allow_continue ); } if( ! allow_continue ) { // window['ga-disable-G-ZVVDP1PF90'] = true; if( script_loaded.length > 0 ) { script_loaded.remove(); } } else { if( script_loaded.length == 0 ) { $('head').append( analytics_code ); } } }); $('html').trigger( 'avia-cookie-settings-changed' ); })( jQuery ); </script></body> </html>