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data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Innhold</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">flytt til sidefeltet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">skjul</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Til toppen)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Byen_og_omgivelsene" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Byen_og_omgivelsene"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Byen og omgivelsene</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Byen_og_omgivelsene-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Byens_tidligste_historie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Byens_tidligste_historie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Byens tidligste historie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Byens_tidligste_historie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Den_hettittiske_hovedstad" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Den_hettittiske_hovedstad"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Den hettittiske hovedstad</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Den_hettittiske_hovedstad-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gjenoppdagelsen_av_byen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gjenoppdagelsen_av_byen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Gjenoppdagelsen av byen</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gjenoppdagelsen_av_byen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sfinksen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sfinksen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Sfinksen</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sfinksen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referanser" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referanser"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Referanser</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referanser-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Litteratur" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Litteratur"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Litteratur</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Litteratur-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eksterne_lenker" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eksterne_lenker"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Eksterne lenker</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eksterne_lenker-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Innhold" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Vis/skjul innholdsfortegnelsen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Vis/skjul innholdsfortegnelsen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Hattusa</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gå til en artikkel på et annet språk. Tilgjengelig på 64 språk" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-64" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">64 språk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hattusa" title="Hattusa – norsk nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Hattusa" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norsk nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hattusas" title="Hattusas – dansk" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Hattusas" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hattusa" title="Hattusa – svensk" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Hattusa" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hattusha" title="Hattusha – færøysk" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Hattusha" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="færøysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B8%AAattusa" title="Ḫattusa – sveitsertysk" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Ḫattusa" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="sveitsertysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%90%E1%89%B1%E1%88%B3%E1%88%BD" title="ሐቱሳሽ – amharisk" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ሐቱሳሽ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amharisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B4%D8%A7" title="خاتوشا – arabisk" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="خاتوشا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xattusa" title="Xattusa – aserbajdsjansk" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Xattusa" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="aserbajdsjansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%82%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B0" title="Хаттуса – basjkirsk" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Хаттуса" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="basjkirsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B0" title="Хатуса – belarusisk" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Хатуса" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarusisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%88%D0%B0" title="Хатуша – bulgarsk" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Хатуша" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hatu%C5%A1a" title="Hatuša – bosnisk" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Hatuša" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosnisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hattusha" title="Hattusha – bretonsk" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Hattusha" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretonsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hattusa" title="Hattusa – katalansk" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Hattusa" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chattu%C5%A1a%C5%A1" title="Chattušaš – tsjekkisk" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Chattušaš" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tsjekkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="utmerket artikkel-merke"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B8%AAattu%C5%A1a" title="Ḫattuša – tysk" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Ḫattuša" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A7%CE%B1%CF%84%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%8D%CF%83%CE%B1" title="Χαττούσα – gresk" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Χαττούσα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="gresk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hattusa" title="Hattusa – engelsk" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Hattusa" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hattusa" title="Hattusa – spansk" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Hattusa" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hatu%C5%9Da" title="Hatuŝa – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Hatuŝa" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hattusa" title="Hattusa – baskisk" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Hattusa" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B4%D8%A7" title="خاتوشا – persisk" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="خاتوشا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="anbefalt artikkel-merke"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hattusa" title="Hattusa – fransk" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Hattusa" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="fransk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hattusa" title="Hattusa – galisisk" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Hattusa" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%95%98%ED%88%AC%EC%83%A4" title="하투샤 – koreansk" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="하투샤" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BD%D5%A1%D5%A9%D5%A9%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%BD%D5%A1" title="Խաթթուսա – armensk" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Խաթթուսա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hatu%C5%A1a" title="Hatuša – kroatisk" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Hatuša" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroatisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hattusa" title="Hattusa – indonesisk" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Hattusa" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="anbefalt artikkel-merke"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B8%AAattu%C5%A1a" title="Ḫattuša – italiensk" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Ḫattuša" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%97%D7%AA%D7%95%D7%A9%D7%94" title="חתושה – hebraisk" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="חתושה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebraisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hattusa" title="Hattusa – javanesisk" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Hattusa" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AE%E1%83%90%E1%83%97%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90" title="ხათუსა – georgisk" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ხათუსა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%82%D1%83%D1%88%D0%B0" title="Хаттуша – kasakhisk" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Хаттуша" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kasakhisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hattusa" title="Hattusa – kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Hattusa" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%82%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%81" title="Хаттусас – kirgisisk" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Хаттусас" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hatu%C5%A1a%C5%A1a" title="Hatušaša – latvisk" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Hatušaša" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="latvisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hatu%C5%A1as" title="Hatušas – litauisk" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Hatušas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litauisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="utmerket artikkel-merke"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hattuszasz" title="Hattuszasz – ungarsk" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Hattuszasz" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%88%D0%B0" title="Хатуша – makedonsk" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Хатуша" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedonsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hattusha" title="Hattusha – maltesisk" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Hattusha" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="maltesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B3" title="حتوساس – egyptisk arabisk" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="حتوساس" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="egyptisk arabisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hattusa" title="Hattusa – malayisk" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Hattusa" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malayisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hattusa" title="Hattusa – nederlandsk" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Hattusa" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederlandsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B8" title="हत्तुसस – nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="हत्तुसस" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8F%E3%83%83%E3%83%88%E3%82%A5%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A3" title="ハットゥシャ – japansk" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ハットゥシャ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hattusa" title="Hattusa – oksitansk" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Hattusa" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="oksitansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xattusa" title="Xattusa – usbekisk" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Xattusa" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="usbekisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hattusa" title="Hattusa – polsk" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Hattusa" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hatusa" title="Hatusa – portugisisk" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Hatusa" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hattu%C8%99a" title="Hattușa – rumensk" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Hattușa" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%82%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B0" title="Хаттуса – russisk" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Хаттуса" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hattusa" title="Hattusa – skotsk" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Hattusa" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="skotsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chattu%C5%A1a%C5%A1" title="Chattušaš – slovakisk" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Chattušaš" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovakisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hatu%C5%A1a" title="Hatuša – slovensk" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Hatuša" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%88%D0%B0" title="Хатуша – serbisk" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Хатуша" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hattusa" title="Hattusa – serbokroatisk" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Hattusa" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbokroatisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hattu%C5%A1a" title="Hattuša – finsk" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Hattuša" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BE" title="அத்துசா – tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="அத்துசா" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hattu%C5%9Fa" title="Hattuşa – tyrkisk" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Hattuşa" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="tyrkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%82%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B0" title="Хаттуса – ukrainsk" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Хаттуса" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%81%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%A7" title="ہاتوسا – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ہاتوسا" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hattusa" title="Hattusa – vietnamesisk" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Hattusa" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%93%88%E5%9B%BE%E6%B2%99" title="哈图沙 – wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="哈图沙" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%93%88%E5%9B%BE%E6%B2%99" title="哈图沙 – kinesisk" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="哈图沙" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kinesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q181007#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Rediger lenker til artikkelen på andre språk" class="wbc-editpage">Rediger lenker</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Navnerom"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Hattusa" title="Vis innholdssiden [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikkel</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Diskusjon:Hattusa" rel="discussion" title="Diskusjon om 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mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hattusa&veaction=edit" title="Rediger siden [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Rediger</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hattusa&action=edit" title="Rediger kildekoden for denne siden [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Rediger kilde</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hattusa&action=history"><span>Vis historikk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Generelt </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesial:Lenker_hit/Hattusa" title="Liste over alle wikisider som lenker hit [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Lenker hit</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesial:Relaterte_endringer/Hattusa" rel="nofollow" title="Siste endringer i sider som blir lenket fra denne siden [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Relaterte endringer</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=no" title="Last opp filer [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Last opp fil</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesial:Spesialsider" title="Liste over alle spesialsider [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Spesialsider</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hattusa&oldid=23830319" title="Permanent lenke til denne versjonen av siden"><span>Permanent lenke</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hattusa&action=info" title="Mer informasjon om denne siden"><span>Sideinformasjon</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:Siteringshjelp&page=Hattusa&id=23830319&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informasjon om hvordan denne siden kan siteres"><span>Siter denne siden</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fno.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FHattusa"><span>Hent forkortet URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fno.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FHattusa"><span>Last ned QR-kode</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Skriv ut / eksporter </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:DownloadAsPdf&page=Hattusa&action=show-download-screen"><span>Last ned som PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hattusa&printable=yes" title="Utskriftsvennlig versjon av denne siden [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Utskriftsvennlig versjon</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> På andre prosjekter </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Hattusa" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q181007" title="Lenke til koblet dataregisterelement [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata-element</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Sideverktøy"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Utseende"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Utseende</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">flytt til sidefeltet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">skjul</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Fra Wikipedia, den frie encyklopedi</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="nb" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Lion_Gate,_Hattusa_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Lion_Gate%2C_Hattusa_01.jpg/250px-Lion_Gate%2C_Hattusa_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Lion_Gate%2C_Hattusa_01.jpg/375px-Lion_Gate%2C_Hattusa_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Lion_Gate%2C_Hattusa_01.jpg/500px-Lion_Gate%2C_Hattusa_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>Løveporten ved Hattusa, Tyrkia. Dette var den ene av byens to porter. Bueformen er typisk for hettittisk arkitektur.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Hattusa</b> (også nevnt som <i>Ḫattuša</i>, <i>Hattusha</i>, <i>Hattusas</i> og <i>Hattush</i>; på <a href="/wiki/Tyrkisk" title="Tyrkisk">tyrkisk</a> <i>Hattuşaş</i>) var en oldtidshovedstad i <a href="/wiki/Hettittene" title="Hettittene">Hettitterriket</a> i den sene <a href="/wiki/Bronsealderen" title="Bronsealderen">bronsealderen</a>. Regionen ligger ved stor sløyfe for elven <a href="/wiki/K%C4%B1z%C4%B1l%C4%B1rmak" title="Kızılırmak">Kızılırmak</a> (Marashantiya i hettittiske kilder og <a href="/wiki/K%C4%B1z%C4%B1l%C4%B1rmak" title="Kızılırmak">Halys</a> i den klassiske <a href="/wiki/Antikken" title="Antikken">antikken</a>). <a href="/wiki/Ruiner" title="Ruiner">Ruinene</a> ligger overfor dagens by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bo%C4%9Fazk%C3%B6y&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Boğazköy (ikke skrevet ennå)">Boğazköy</a> i <a href="/wiki/Tyrkia" title="Tyrkia">Tyrkia</a>, rundt 145 kilometer øst for <a href="/wiki/Ankara" title="Ankara">Ankara</a> i provinsen <a href="/wiki/%C3%87orum" title="Çorum">Çorum</a>. Hattusa ble lagt til <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCOs</a> liste over <a href="/wiki/Verdensarven" title="Verdensarven">verdens kultur- og naturarvsteder</a> («Verdensarven») i <a href="/wiki/1986" title="1986">1986</a> som ett av ni steder i Tyrkia. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Byen_og_omgivelsene">Byen og omgivelsene</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hattusa&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Rediger avsnitt: Byen og omgivelsene" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hattusa&action=edit&section=1" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Byen og omgivelsene"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Hattusa.yenicekale.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Hattusa.yenicekale.jpg/250px-Hattusa.yenicekale.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="297" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Hattusa.yenicekale.jpg/375px-Hattusa.yenicekale.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Hattusa.yenicekale.jpg/500px-Hattusa.yenicekale.jpg 2x" data-file-width="590" data-file-height="701" /></a><figcaption>Fjellklippan Yenicekale i Hattusa.</figcaption></figure> <p>Landskapet rundt byen omfatter rike jordbruksområder, høyere åser for å gjete tamdyr som <a href="/wiki/Sau" class="mw-redirect" title="Sau">sauer</a> og <a href="/wiki/Geit" title="Geit">geiter</a>, foruten også skog. Mindre skogsområder kan fortsatt bli funnet utenfor byen, men i oldtiden var disse langt mer utbredt. Det betydde at innbyggerne hadde utmerket tilgang på tømmer for brensel og bygging av hus og andre strukturer. Markene ga folket betydelig avling av <a href="/wiki/Hvete" class="mw-redirect" title="Hvete">hvete</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bygg_(korn)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bygg (korn)">bygg</a> og <a href="/wiki/Linse" class="mw-disambig" title="Linse">linse</a>. <a href="/wiki/Lin" title="Lin">Lin</a> ble også høstet, men det viktigste materiale for klær var <a href="/wiki/Ull_(tekstil)" title="Ull (tekstil)">ull</a> fra sauene. De jaktet også på <a href="/wiki/Hjort" title="Hjort">hjort</a> i skogene, men det var antagelig mest en forlystelse for adelen framfor en egentlig kilde til mat. Hovedkilden for kjøttmat var tamdyr. Ettersom elvene i området er for smale og uegnet for større skip gikk all transport til og fra Hattusa over land. </p><p>Byen lå oppe på en bergflate med flere naturlige klipper som var lette å forsvare. Hattusa var sterkt befestet og omgitt av høye bymurer, og disse ble utvidet gjentatte ganger under byens historie. Oppe på en av bergklippene lå kongeborgen, i dag kalt for <a href="/w/index.php?title=B%C3%BCy%C3%BCkkale&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Büyükkale (ikke skrevet ennå)">Büyükkale</a>. Byen var dominert av store templer for de hettittiske gudene. Rett utenfor byen lå <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yazilikaya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yazilikaya (ikke skrevet ennå)">Yazilikaya</a>, en hellig bergklippe med steinrelieffer som ble hugget rett inn i fjellet. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Byens_tidligste_historie">Byens tidligste historie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hattusa&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Rediger avsnitt: Byens tidligste historie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hattusa&action=edit&section=2" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Byens tidligste historie"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Yazilikaya.12gods.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Yazilikaya.12gods.jpg/250px-Yazilikaya.12gods.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Yazilikaya.12gods.jpg/375px-Yazilikaya.12gods.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Yazilikaya.12gods.jpg/500px-Yazilikaya.12gods.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2182" data-file-height="987" /></a><figcaption>De tolv hettittiske guder i Underverden som er hugget inn i fjellet i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yaz%C4%B1l%C4%B1kaya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yazılıkaya (ikke skrevet ennå)">Yazılıkaya</a>, en helligdom som ligger rett ved Hattusa</figcaption></figure> <p>Før 2000 f.Kr. hadde en bosetning av åpenbart innfødte <a href="/wiki/Hattisk" title="Hattisk">hattiske</a> folk som etablerte seg på steder som hadde vært bosatt tidligere.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> De tidligste spor fra bosetninger på stedet er datert til 5000-tallet f.Kr. Mellom 1800- og 1700-tallet f.Kr. hadde handelsmenn fra <a href="/wiki/Assur" class="mw-disambig" title="Assur">Assur</a> i <a href="/wiki/Assyria" title="Assyria">Assyria</a> etablert en handelpost her som ble satt opp i deres eget, adskilte kvarter i byen. Senteret for deres handelnettverk er blitt lokalisert i <a href="/wiki/Kanesh" class="mw-redirect" title="Kanesh">Kanesh</a> (Neša) (dagens Kültepe). Forretningene krevde skriftlige nedtegnelser og handelnettverket fra Assur introduserte <a href="/wiki/Skriftspr%C3%A5k" title="Skriftspråk">skriftspråk</a> til Hattusa i form av <a href="/wiki/Kileskrift" title="Kileskrift">kileskrift</a>. </p><p>Et forkullet kulturlag som ble åpenbart i de <a href="/wiki/Arkeologi" title="Arkeologi">arkeologiske</a> utgravningene vitner om brenning og ødeleggelse av byen Hattusa en gang rundt år 1700 f.Kr. De ansvarlige synes å ha vært hæren til kong <a href="/w/index.php?title=Anitta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anitta (ikke skrevet ennå)">Anitta</a> fra <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kussara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kussara (ikke skrevet ennå)">Kussara</a> (en by som muligens kan bli identifisert med Alişar) som tok ære for handlingen og som deretter reise en inskripsjon med en forbannelse: <i>«Om natten tok jeg byen med makt; jeg hadde sådd gress på dets sted. Skulle en annen konge etter meg forsøke å bosette Hattusa på nytt, må himmelens værguder slå ham ned.»</i> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Den_hettittiske_hovedstad">Den hettittiske hovedstad</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hattusa&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Rediger avsnitt: Den hettittiske hovedstad" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hattusa&action=edit&section=3" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Den hettittiske hovedstad"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Hattusa.temple1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Hattusa.temple1.jpg/350px-Hattusa.temple1.jpg" decoding="async" width="350" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Hattusa.temple1.jpg/525px-Hattusa.temple1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Hattusa.temple1.jpg/700px-Hattusa.temple1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="809" data-file-height="333" /></a><figcaption>Det store tempelet i den indre byen.</figcaption></figure> <p>Kun en generasjon senere hadde en <i>hettittisk</i>talende konge valgt dette stedet som sin residens og hovedstad. Hettittisk hadde fått dominans over <a href="/wiki/Hattisk" title="Hattisk">hattisk</a> i en tid, og det hattiske navnet «Hattus» ble nå hettittiske «Hattusa», og kongen tok navnet <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hattusili_I&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hattusili I (ikke skrevet ennå)">Hattusili I</a>, «den fra Hattusa». Han markerte begynnelsen en ikke-hattisk «hettittisk» stat, og den kongelige linje av store hettittiske konger – hvor 27 kjennes ved navn. </p><p>Etter at fjellfolket <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaskianere&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kaskianere (ikke skrevet ennå)">kaskianere</a> presset seg mot kongedømmets nordområder angrep de byen to ganger, noe som førte at til at kongene flyttet det kongelige sete til en annen by. Under <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tudhaliya_I&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tudhaliya I (ikke skrevet ennå)">Tudhaliya I</a> flyttet hettittene nord til <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sapinuwa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sapinuwa (ikke skrevet ennå)">Sapinuwa</a>, men trakk så tilbake. Under <a href="/w/index.php?title=Muwatalli_II&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Muwatalli II (ikke skrevet ennå)">Muwatalli II</a> bevegde de seg sør til <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tarhuntassa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tarhuntassa (ikke skrevet ennå)">Tarhuntassa</a>, men utpekte Hattusili III som guvernør over Hattusa. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mursili_III&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mursili III (ikke skrevet ennå)">Mursili III</a> flyttet setet tilbake til Huttusa hvor kongene ble fram til slutten av det hettittiske kongedømmet på 1100-tallet f.Kr. </p><p>På sitt høydepunkt dekket byen rundt 1.8 km² og besto av en indre og ytre del, begge omgitt av en massiv og fortsatt synlig befestningsmur som ble reist under regimet til <a href="/w/index.php?title=Suppiluliuma_I&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Suppiluliuma I (ikke skrevet ennå)">Suppiluliuma I</a> (ca. 1344–1322 f.Kr., <i>kort kronologi</i>). Den indre byen dekket et område på rundt 0.8 km² og var okkupert av en citadell med store administrative bygninger og templer. </p><p>Sør for den ytre byen på rundt 1 km², med forseggjorte porthvelvinger med relieffer som viste krigere, løver og sfinkser. Fire templer lå her, hver med en gårdsplass omgitt av en søylegang og verdslige bygninger og residenser. Utenfor bymurene lå gravstedene, det meste besto av <a href="/wiki/Kremasjon" class="mw-redirect" title="Kremasjon">kremasjoner</a>. Moderne beregninger hadde anslått befolkningen til mellom 40 000 og 50 000 på det meste. I den tidlige perioden hadde den indre bydelen en tredjedel av dette tallet. Bolighus ble bygd i tømmer og leire som siden har forsvunnet fra stedet, og etterlatt seg for ettertiden kun de som var bygd av stein, hovedsakelig templer og palasser. </p><p>Byen ble ødelagt sammen med den hettittiske staten i seg selv en gang rundt 1200 f.Kr. som en del av bronsealdersammenbruddet (se <a href="/wiki/Bronsealderens_sammenbrudd" title="Bronsealderens sammenbrudd">Bronsealderens sammenbrudd</a>). Stedet ble deretter forlatt fram til en gang rundt år 800 f.Kr. da en beskjeden <a href="/wiki/Frygia" title="Frygia">frygisk</a> bosetning slo seg ned i området. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gjenoppdagelsen_av_byen">Gjenoppdagelsen av byen</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hattusa&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Rediger avsnitt: Gjenoppdagelsen av byen" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hattusa&action=edit&section=4" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Gjenoppdagelsen av byen"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Hattusa.rampart.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Hattusa.rampart.jpg/250px-Hattusa.rampart.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="372" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Hattusa.rampart.jpg/375px-Hattusa.rampart.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Hattusa.rampart.jpg/500px-Hattusa.rampart.jpg 2x" data-file-width="588" data-file-height="874" /></a><figcaption>Festningsvollen Yerkapi i sør.</figcaption></figure> <p>Den franske arkeologen <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Chantre" title="Ernest Chantre">Ernest Chantre</a> begynte en del prøveundersøkelser ved en landsby som da ble kalt for Boğazköy i årene 1893-1894.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Siden 1906 har et tysk selskap, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Deutsche_Orient-Gesellschaft&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Deutsche Orient-Gesellschaft (ikke skrevet ennå)">Deutsche Orient-Gesellschaft</a>, drevet utgravninger ved Hattusa (med opphold under de to verdenskrigene og under depresjonen). Arkeologisk arbeid blir fortsatt utført av tyskere, nå av <a href="/w/index.php?title=Deutsches_Arch%C3%A4ologische_Institut&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Deutsches Archäologische Institut (ikke skrevet ennå)">Deutsches Archäologische Institut</a>. Hugo Winckler og Theodor Makridi Bey ledet de første utgravningene i 1906, 1907, og 1911-1913, som ble gjenopptatt av Kurt Bittel, fulgt av Peter Neve (direktør for stedet i 1963, generaldirektør i 1978-1994).<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>En av de viktigste oppdagelsene ved stedet har vært det kongelige arkiv med <a href="/wiki/Kileskrift" title="Kileskrift">kileskrift</a> på leirtavler, bestående av offisiell korrespondanse og kontrakter foruten også lovverk, prosedyrer for kultseremonier, <a href="/wiki/Orakel" title="Orakel">orakelprofetier</a> og litteratur fra Midtøsten. En særlig viktig leirtavle, i dag utstilt i Istabuls arkeologiske museum, gir detaljer om vilkårene for en fredsavtale som ble oppnådd i årene etter slaget ved Kadesh mellom hettittene og egypterne under farao <a href="/wiki/Ramses_II_av_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Ramses II av Egypt">Ramses II</a>, i år 1259 eller 1258 f.Kr. En kopi er utstilt i hovedkvarteret til <a href="/wiki/FN" class="mw-redirect" title="FN">De forente nasjoner</a> (FN) i New York som et eksempel på ett av første kjente internasjonale fredsavtaler. </p><p>Selv om de 30 000 leirtavler som er avdekket i Hattusa og som utgjør det meste av den kjente hettittiske litteraturen, har det blitt avdekket arkiver i andre sentra i Anatolia, som ved <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tabigga&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tabigga (ikke skrevet ennå)">Tabigga</a> (Maşat Höyük) og ved Sapinuwa (Ortaköy). De er nå fordelt mellom de arkeologiske museum i <a href="/wiki/Ankara" title="Ankara">Ankara</a> og <a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sfinksen">Sfinksen</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hattusa&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Rediger avsnitt: Sfinksen" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hattusa&action=edit&section=5" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Sfinksen"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>En <a href="/wiki/Sfinks" title="Sfinks">sfinks</a> fra Hattusa ble fraktet ut av Tyrkia for å bli restaurert i <a href="/wiki/Tyskland" title="Tyskland">Tyskland</a> i <a href="/wiki/1917" title="1917">1917</a>, men har ikke blitt levert tilbake. Den var nylig tema for et tyrkisk politisk initiativ om å gi begrensninger på tyske arkeologer som arbeidet i landet. Sfinksen er i dag utstilt i <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlins</a> <a href="/wiki/Pergamonmuseum" class="mw-redirect" title="Pergamonmuseum">Pergamonmuseum</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referanser">Referanser</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hattusa&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Rediger avsnitt: Referanser" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hattusa&action=edit&section=6" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Referanser"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120527064520/http://www.hattuscha.de/English/cityhistory1.htm">The Excavations at Hattusha: «A Brief History»</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100417053143/http://www.hattuscha.de/English/english1.htm">««The Excavations at Hattusha – a project of the German Institute of Archaeology»: <i>Discovery</i>»</a>. Arkivert fra <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hattuscha.de/English/english1.htm">originalen</a> 17. april 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besøkt 6. desember 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AHattusa&rft.btitle=%C2%ABThe+Excavations+at+Hattusha+%E2%80%93+a+project+of+the+German+Institute+of+Archaeology%C2%BB%3A+Discovery&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hattuscha.de%2FEnglish%2Fenglish1.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Seeher, Jürgen: «Forty Years in the Capital of the Hittites: Peter Neve Retires from His Position as Director of the Ḫattuša-Boğazköy Excavations» i <i>The Biblical Archaeologist</i> <i>58</i>.2, «Anatolian Archaeology: A Tribute to Peter Neve» (Juni 1995), ss. 63-67.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Litteratur">Litteratur</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hattusa&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Rediger avsnitt: Litteratur" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hattusa&action=edit&section=7" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Litteratur"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Neve, Peter: Hattusa – Stadt der Götter und Tempel. Neue Ausgrabungen in der Hauptstadt der Hethiter. Ph. von Zabern, Mainz 1996. (2. utg.) <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/3805314787" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 3-8053-1478-7</a></li> <li>Dörfler, W. Et al.: Untersuchungen zur Kulturgeschichte und Agrarökonomie im Einzugsbereich hethitischer Städte. MDOG Berlin 132, 2000, 367-381. ISSN 0342-118X</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eksterne_lenker">Eksterne lenker</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hattusa&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Rediger avsnitt: Eksterne lenker" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hattusa&action=edit&section=8" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Eksterne lenker"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://muze.gov.tr/muze-detay?SectionId=BGO01&DistId=MRK">Offisielt nettsted</a> <span class="noprint plainlinks wikidata-linkback wd_p856"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181007?uselang=nb#P856" title="Rediger på Wikidata"><img alt="Rediger på Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></li> <li><span class="bjeller languageicon" style="color: var(--color-subtle, #54595d);cursor:help;" title="engelsk">(en)</span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Hattusa" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Hattusa">Hattusa</a> – kategori av bilder, video eller lyd på <a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Commons</a> <span class="noprint plainlinks wikidata-linkback wd_p373"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181007?uselang=nb#P373" title="Rediger på Wikidata"><img alt="Rediger på Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></li> <li><span class="bjeller languageicon" style="color: var(--color-subtle, #54595d);cursor:help;" title="engelsk">(en)</span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Hattusa" class="extiw" title="commons:Hattusa">Hattusa</a> – galleri av bilder, video eller lyd på <a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Commons</a> <span class="noprint plainlinks wikidata-linkback wd_p935"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181007?uselang=nb#P935" title="Rediger på Wikidata"><img alt="Rediger på Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100417053143/http://www.hattuscha.de/English/english1.htm">Excavations at Hattusha</a>, utgravningene ved Hattusa som et prosjekt under det tyske arkeologiske institutt</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.reshafim.org.il/ad/egypt/ramses-hattusili-treaty.htm">Hittite version of the Peace treaty with Ramses II of 1283 BC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150924090310/http://www.reshafim.org.il/ad/egypt/ramses-hattusili-treaty.htm">Arkivert</a> 24. september 2015 hos <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>., hettittisk versjon av fredsavtalen med Egypt i 1283 f.Kr.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pbase.com/dosseman/bogazkale">The old Hittite capital</a>, bilder av den hettittiske hovedstaden med lenker til andre steder</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.visitturkeynow.com/cities/c_hattusas.htm">Hattusas</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090630080808/http://www.visitturkeynow.com/cities/c_hattusas.htm">Arkivert</a> 30. juni 2009 hos <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20121206011725/http://www.googlesyndicatedsearch.com/u/unesco?q=hattusas&search2=GO&sitesearch=unesco.org&hl=en&domains=unesco.org">Nominasjonen i UNESCO</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23230704">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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