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<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en" data-astro-cid-tnnyocjb> <head><meta charset="utf-8"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"><meta name="description" content="The ruins of the impressive temples and monuments in Ancient Egypt, where to find them, and who built them"><meta name="keywords" content="Temples,monuments,chapel,buildings,ancient egypt"><meta name="generator" content="Astro v4.16.13"><meta name="color-scheme" content="light dark"><title>Temples and Monuments in Ancient Egypt | Pharaoh.se</title><meta property="og:type" content="article"><meta property="og:title" content="Temples and Monuments in Ancient Egypt"><meta property="og:site_name" content="Pharaoh.se"><meta property="og:description" content="The ruins of the impressive temples and monuments in Ancient Egypt, where to find them, and who built them"><meta property="og:url" content="https://pharaoh.se/ancient-egypt/temples-and-monuments/"><meta property="og:image" 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data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v> <div class="container print:break-after-page" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v> <p class="lead" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v> From the gigantic pyramid fields of Memphis to the huge temples and tombs of Thebes, mystical Egypt continues inspire awe in people across the world. </p> <p data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v> The ancient Egyptians erected some of the world's most spectacular and long-lasting monuments. Their pyramids, temples and other structures are are a testament to their engineering and artistic skills. Temples were created and dedicated to the gods, as well as hosting ceremonies and festivals, and were beautifully ornamented with religious imagery and hieroglyphic writings. </p> <p class="py-3" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v> In addition to <a href="/ancient-egypt/pyramids" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v>pyramids</a> and temples, the ancient Egyptians also built a variety of other monuments, including <a href="/ancient-egypt/obelisks" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v>obelisks</a>, sphinxes, enormous statues, and necropolises with finely decorated tombs dug into the mountains. These monuments were used to commemorate important events or individuals, and they were also a way for the Egyptians to show their power and strength. They are a testament to the ingenuity and creativity of ancient Egypt, though mostly in ruins, many of these structures have withstood the test of time and continue to be studied and admired by people all over the world. </p> <p class="pb-8 pt-5" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v> This is by no means an exhaustive list of sites, and there are many sites that could have been included but were left out for the sake of brevity and simplicity. Arguably, only the most important and well-known sites will be presented here. </p> </div> <div class="container" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v> <div class="mb-20 print:mt-10 print:break-before-page" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v> <div class="text-center" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v> <h2 class="py-2" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v>Giza</h2> <div class="pos" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v> <img loading="lazy" class="w-full rounded-md sm:rounded-2xl" src="/images/q01.webp" alt="Giza" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v> <a target="_blank" href="https://www.google.com/maps?ll=29.975921,31.13087&t=h&z=16" class="transition-all duration-500 hover:scale-150" title="Show on map" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v> <svg height="48px" width="48px" version="1.1" id="Layer_1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" viewBox="0 0 473.658 473.658" xml:space="preserve" fill="#000000" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v> <circle style="fill:#A2D4DE;" cx="236.829" cy="236.829" r="236.829" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v></circle> <title>Show a map to Giza</title> <path style="fill:#6CC077;" d="M404.288,69.347c92.488,92.488,92.495,242.446-0.007,334.941c-92.48,92.488-242.446,92.488-334.934,0 L404.288,69.347z" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v></path> <path style="fill:#FFFFFF;" d="M445.79,125.333c-1.81-3.388-3.695-6.728-5.669-10.007 C220.85,200.753,124.016,406.517,110.629,437.201c3.235,2.046,6.514,4.001,9.854,5.894 C130.561,419.553,225.476,210.356,445.79,125.333z" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v></path> <path style="fill:#CC3432;" d="M237.506,80.252c-57.665,0-104.41,46.745-104.41,104.395c0,75.94,98.531,177.478,107.39,177.478 c8.859,0,101.399-110.487,101.399-177.478C341.886,126.997,295.156,80.252,237.506,80.252z M237.001,219.545 c-22.636,0-40.967-17.838-40.967-39.857s18.332-39.872,40.967-39.872c22.628,0,40.967,17.849,40.967,39.872 S259.629,219.545,237.001,219.545z" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v></path> <path style="fill:#BA2E2D;" d="M240.486,363.994c-9.218,0-109.26-102.618-109.26-179.348c0-58.592,47.676-106.265,106.279-106.265 c58.585,0,106.25,47.672,106.25,106.265C343.755,251.264,250.673,363.994,240.486,363.994z M237.506,82.122 c-56.539,0-102.54,45.993-102.54,102.525c0,76.217,96.833,173.768,105.502,175.593c8.863-2.285,99.548-109.178,99.548-175.593 C340.016,128.115,294.03,82.122,237.506,82.122z M237.001,221.414c-23.619,0-42.837-18.72-42.837-41.726 c0-23.021,19.218-41.741,42.837-41.741s42.837,18.72,42.837,41.741C279.838,202.694,260.62,221.414,237.001,221.414z M237.001,141.686c-21.559,0-39.098,17.049-39.098,38.002c0,20.949,17.539,37.987,39.098,37.987 c21.563,0,39.098-17.041,39.098-37.987C276.099,158.731,258.56,141.686,237.001,141.686z" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v></path> </svg> </a> </div> <p class="py-8 font-sans text-base" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v> <b data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v>Built by:</b>   Khufu, Khafra, Menkaura, Amenhotep II and many more </p> </div> <div class="kartinfo" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v> <p data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v>The Pyramid Fields, stretching from Giza to Dahshur, was Memphis’ massive Necropolis, and it contains various outstanding funeral monuments, including the colossal pyramids, rock tombs, elegant mastabas, and temples. The most imposing and iconic are, of course, the three pyramids of Khufu (Cheops), Khafra (Chephren) and Menkaura (Mycineros).</p> <div class="mt-3 border-t-2 border-stone-200 px-3 font-sans text-stone-700 dark:border-shark-700 dark:text-shark-400" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v></div> </div> </div><div class="mb-20 print:mt-10 print:break-before-page" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v> <div class="text-center" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v> <h2 class="py-2" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v>Karnak Temple Complex</h2> <div class="pos" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v> <img loading="lazy" class="w-full rounded-md sm:rounded-2xl" src="/images/q02.webp" alt="Karnak Temple Complex" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v> <a target="_blank" href="https://www.google.com/maps?ll=25.718828,32.657404&t=h&z=16" class="transition-all duration-500 hover:scale-150" title="Show on map" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v> <svg height="48px" width="48px" version="1.1" id="Layer_1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" viewBox="0 0 473.658 473.658" xml:space="preserve" fill="#000000" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v> <circle style="fill:#A2D4DE;" cx="236.829" cy="236.829" r="236.829" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v></circle> <title>Show a map to Karnak Temple Complex</title> <path style="fill:#6CC077;" d="M404.288,69.347c92.488,92.488,92.495,242.446-0.007,334.941c-92.48,92.488-242.446,92.488-334.934,0 L404.288,69.347z" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v></path> <path style="fill:#FFFFFF;" d="M445.79,125.333c-1.81-3.388-3.695-6.728-5.669-10.007 C220.85,200.753,124.016,406.517,110.629,437.201c3.235,2.046,6.514,4.001,9.854,5.894 C130.561,419.553,225.476,210.356,445.79,125.333z" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v></path> <path style="fill:#CC3432;" d="M237.506,80.252c-57.665,0-104.41,46.745-104.41,104.395c0,75.94,98.531,177.478,107.39,177.478 c8.859,0,101.399-110.487,101.399-177.478C341.886,126.997,295.156,80.252,237.506,80.252z M237.001,219.545 c-22.636,0-40.967-17.838-40.967-39.857s18.332-39.872,40.967-39.872c22.628,0,40.967,17.849,40.967,39.872 S259.629,219.545,237.001,219.545z" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v></path> <path style="fill:#BA2E2D;" d="M240.486,363.994c-9.218,0-109.26-102.618-109.26-179.348c0-58.592,47.676-106.265,106.279-106.265 c58.585,0,106.25,47.672,106.25,106.265C343.755,251.264,250.673,363.994,240.486,363.994z M237.506,82.122 c-56.539,0-102.54,45.993-102.54,102.525c0,76.217,96.833,173.768,105.502,175.593c8.863-2.285,99.548-109.178,99.548-175.593 C340.016,128.115,294.03,82.122,237.506,82.122z M237.001,221.414c-23.619,0-42.837-18.72-42.837-41.726 c0-23.021,19.218-41.741,42.837-41.741s42.837,18.72,42.837,41.741C279.838,202.694,260.62,221.414,237.001,221.414z M237.001,141.686c-21.559,0-39.098,17.049-39.098,38.002c0,20.949,17.539,37.987,39.098,37.987 c21.563,0,39.098-17.041,39.098-37.987C276.099,158.731,258.56,141.686,237.001,141.686z" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v></path> </svg> </a> </div> <p class="py-8 font-sans text-base" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v> <b data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v>Built by:</b>   Senusret I, Thutmose I, Thutmose II, Hatshepsut, Thutmose III, Amenhotep II and many more. The largest temple complex in Egypt. </p> </div> <div class="kartinfo" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v> <p data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v>Even though the majority of the still-standing structures date from the New Kingdom, construction actually started during Senusret I's reign during the Middle Kingdom and continued for about 2000 years, far into the Ptolemaic Kingdom. The temple complex, was unique in its size, intricacy, and diversity, dominated of the enormous city of Thebes. The magnitude and variety of features are astounding, but already in ancient times, parts were dismantled, or “quarried”, for use in other structures.</p> <div class="mt-3 border-t-2 border-stone-200 px-3 font-sans text-stone-700 dark:border-shark-700 dark:text-shark-400" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v>Champollion, <i>Monuments</i>, III, plates 277-299; IV, 300-317<br><i>Description de l'Égypte</i>, III, plates 16-67</div> </div> </div><div class="mb-20 print:mt-10 print:break-before-page" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v> <div class="text-center" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v> <h2 class="py-2" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v>Valley of the Kings</h2> <div class="pos" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v> <img loading="lazy" class="w-full rounded-md sm:rounded-2xl" src="/images/q03.webp" alt="Valley of the Kings" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v> <a target="_blank" href="https://www.google.com/maps?ll=25.740696,32.601784&t=h&z=16" class="transition-all duration-500 hover:scale-150" title="Show on map" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v> <svg height="48px" width="48px" version="1.1" id="Layer_1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" viewBox="0 0 473.658 473.658" xml:space="preserve" fill="#000000" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v> <circle style="fill:#A2D4DE;" cx="236.829" cy="236.829" r="236.829" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v></circle> <title>Show a map to Valley of the Kings</title> <path style="fill:#6CC077;" d="M404.288,69.347c92.488,92.488,92.495,242.446-0.007,334.941c-92.48,92.488-242.446,92.488-334.934,0 L404.288,69.347z" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v></path> <path style="fill:#FFFFFF;" d="M445.79,125.333c-1.81-3.388-3.695-6.728-5.669-10.007 C220.85,200.753,124.016,406.517,110.629,437.201c3.235,2.046,6.514,4.001,9.854,5.894 C130.561,419.553,225.476,210.356,445.79,125.333z" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v></path> <path style="fill:#CC3432;" d="M237.506,80.252c-57.665,0-104.41,46.745-104.41,104.395c0,75.94,98.531,177.478,107.39,177.478 c8.859,0,101.399-110.487,101.399-177.478C341.886,126.997,295.156,80.252,237.506,80.252z M237.001,219.545 c-22.636,0-40.967-17.838-40.967-39.857s18.332-39.872,40.967-39.872c22.628,0,40.967,17.849,40.967,39.872 S259.629,219.545,237.001,219.545z" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v></path> <path style="fill:#BA2E2D;" d="M240.486,363.994c-9.218,0-109.26-102.618-109.26-179.348c0-58.592,47.676-106.265,106.279-106.265 c58.585,0,106.25,47.672,106.25,106.265C343.755,251.264,250.673,363.994,240.486,363.994z M237.506,82.122 c-56.539,0-102.54,45.993-102.54,102.525c0,76.217,96.833,173.768,105.502,175.593c8.863-2.285,99.548-109.178,99.548-175.593 C340.016,128.115,294.03,82.122,237.506,82.122z M237.001,221.414c-23.619,0-42.837-18.72-42.837-41.726 c0-23.021,19.218-41.741,42.837-41.741s42.837,18.72,42.837,41.741C279.838,202.694,260.62,221.414,237.001,221.414z M237.001,141.686c-21.559,0-39.098,17.049-39.098,38.002c0,20.949,17.539,37.987,39.098,37.987 c21.563,0,39.098-17.041,39.098-37.987C276.099,158.731,258.56,141.686,237.001,141.686z" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v></path> </svg> </a> </div> <p class="py-8 font-sans text-base" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v> <b data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v>Built by:</b>   New Kingdom pharaohs </p> </div> <div class="kartinfo" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v> <p data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v>The valley, which is located on the west bank of the Nile and is across from Thebes, served as the primary burial location for the pharaohs of the Beautifully painted illustrations from Egyptian mythology decorate the royal tombs, and while almost all of the tombs have been robbed and left open to the public since antiquity, they nonetheless provide insight into the pharaohs’ enormous wealth and authority. Most famous of them all is, of course, the tomb of Tutankhamun, discovered in 1922.<br />The impressive <a href="https://thebanmappingproject.com/valley-kings" target="_blank">Theban Mapping Project</a> website is highly recommended and is filled with all the detailed information about the valley you need.</p> <div class="mt-3 border-t-2 border-stone-200 px-3 font-sans text-stone-700 dark:border-shark-700 dark:text-shark-400" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v>1739: Pococke, Richard. <i>A description of the East</i>, pl.30-34.<br>1799: Napoleon's Egyptian Expedition, published in <i>Description de l'Égypte</i>, Vol. 2, pl. 77-92<br>1825: James Burton, <i>Hieroplyphica</i><br>1829: Jean-François Champollion, <i>Monuments</i> II, pl. 149-191bis, III 231-276<br>1844-45: Lepsius <i>Denkmaeler</i><br>1816: Giovanni Battista Belzoni<br>1820/30: Robert Hay</div> </div> </div><div class="mb-20 print:mt-10 print:break-before-page" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v> <div class="text-center" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v> <h2 class="py-2" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v>Abu Simbel</h2> <div class="pos" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v> <img loading="lazy" class="w-full rounded-md sm:rounded-2xl" src="/images/q04.webp" alt="Abu Simbel" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v> <a target="_blank" href="https://www.google.com/maps?ll=22.336956,31.62615&t=h&z=16" class="transition-all duration-500 hover:scale-150" title="Show on map" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v> <svg height="48px" width="48px" version="1.1" id="Layer_1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" viewBox="0 0 473.658 473.658" xml:space="preserve" fill="#000000" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v> <circle style="fill:#A2D4DE;" cx="236.829" cy="236.829" r="236.829" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v></circle> <title>Show a map to Abu Simbel</title> <path style="fill:#6CC077;" d="M404.288,69.347c92.488,92.488,92.495,242.446-0.007,334.941c-92.48,92.488-242.446,92.488-334.934,0 L404.288,69.347z" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v></path> <path style="fill:#FFFFFF;" d="M445.79,125.333c-1.81-3.388-3.695-6.728-5.669-10.007 C220.85,200.753,124.016,406.517,110.629,437.201c3.235,2.046,6.514,4.001,9.854,5.894 C130.561,419.553,225.476,210.356,445.79,125.333z" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v></path> <path style="fill:#CC3432;" d="M237.506,80.252c-57.665,0-104.41,46.745-104.41,104.395c0,75.94,98.531,177.478,107.39,177.478 c8.859,0,101.399-110.487,101.399-177.478C341.886,126.997,295.156,80.252,237.506,80.252z M237.001,219.545 c-22.636,0-40.967-17.838-40.967-39.857s18.332-39.872,40.967-39.872c22.628,0,40.967,17.849,40.967,39.872 S259.629,219.545,237.001,219.545z" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v></path> <path style="fill:#BA2E2D;" d="M240.486,363.994c-9.218,0-109.26-102.618-109.26-179.348c0-58.592,47.676-106.265,106.279-106.265 c58.585,0,106.25,47.672,106.25,106.265C343.755,251.264,250.673,363.994,240.486,363.994z M237.506,82.122 c-56.539,0-102.54,45.993-102.54,102.525c0,76.217,96.833,173.768,105.502,175.593c8.863-2.285,99.548-109.178,99.548-175.593 C340.016,128.115,294.03,82.122,237.506,82.122z M237.001,221.414c-23.619,0-42.837-18.72-42.837-41.726 c0-23.021,19.218-41.741,42.837-41.741s42.837,18.72,42.837,41.741C279.838,202.694,260.62,221.414,237.001,221.414z M237.001,141.686c-21.559,0-39.098,17.049-39.098,38.002c0,20.949,17.539,37.987,39.098,37.987 c21.563,0,39.098-17.041,39.098-37.987C276.099,158.731,258.56,141.686,237.001,141.686z" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v></path> </svg> </a> </div> <p class="py-8 font-sans text-base" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v> <b data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v>Built by:</b>   Ramesses II </p> </div> <div class="kartinfo" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v> <p data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v>In the 13th century BC, Ramesses II had the four massive 20-meter-tall seated statues of the pharaoh at the Abu Simbel temple cut out of the mountainside to commemorate his victory at the Battle of Kadesh. The temple was completely buried beneath the desert sand when Napoleon's Egyptian expedition passed by in 1800 and remained unknown until rediscovered and excavated some 15 years later.</p> <div class="mt-3 border-t-2 border-stone-200 px-3 font-sans text-stone-700 dark:border-shark-700 dark:text-shark-400" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v>Champollion, <i>Monuments</i>, I, plates 3-38bis<br>Lepsius, <i>Denkmaeler</i>, III 185-196 and more.</div> </div> </div><div class="mb-20 print:mt-10 print:break-before-page" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v> <div class="text-center" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v> <h2 class="py-2" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v>Philae</h2> <div class="pos" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v> <img loading="lazy" class="w-full rounded-md sm:rounded-2xl" src="/images/q05.webp" alt="Philae" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v> <a target="_blank" href="https://www.google.com/maps?ll=24.025205,32.883939&t=h&z=16" class="transition-all duration-500 hover:scale-150" title="Show on map" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v> <svg height="48px" width="48px" version="1.1" id="Layer_1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" viewBox="0 0 473.658 473.658" xml:space="preserve" fill="#000000" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v> <circle style="fill:#A2D4DE;" cx="236.829" cy="236.829" r="236.829" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v></circle> <title>Show a map to Philae</title> <path style="fill:#6CC077;" d="M404.288,69.347c92.488,92.488,92.495,242.446-0.007,334.941c-92.48,92.488-242.446,92.488-334.934,0 L404.288,69.347z" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v></path> <path style="fill:#FFFFFF;" d="M445.79,125.333c-1.81-3.388-3.695-6.728-5.669-10.007 C220.85,200.753,124.016,406.517,110.629,437.201c3.235,2.046,6.514,4.001,9.854,5.894 C130.561,419.553,225.476,210.356,445.79,125.333z" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v></path> <path style="fill:#CC3432;" d="M237.506,80.252c-57.665,0-104.41,46.745-104.41,104.395c0,75.94,98.531,177.478,107.39,177.478 c8.859,0,101.399-110.487,101.399-177.478C341.886,126.997,295.156,80.252,237.506,80.252z M237.001,219.545 c-22.636,0-40.967-17.838-40.967-39.857s18.332-39.872,40.967-39.872c22.628,0,40.967,17.849,40.967,39.872 S259.629,219.545,237.001,219.545z" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v></path> <path style="fill:#BA2E2D;" d="M240.486,363.994c-9.218,0-109.26-102.618-109.26-179.348c0-58.592,47.676-106.265,106.279-106.265 c58.585,0,106.25,47.672,106.25,106.265C343.755,251.264,250.673,363.994,240.486,363.994z M237.506,82.122 c-56.539,0-102.54,45.993-102.54,102.525c0,76.217,96.833,173.768,105.502,175.593c8.863-2.285,99.548-109.178,99.548-175.593 C340.016,128.115,294.03,82.122,237.506,82.122z M237.001,221.414c-23.619,0-42.837-18.72-42.837-41.726 c0-23.021,19.218-41.741,42.837-41.741s42.837,18.72,42.837,41.741C279.838,202.694,260.62,221.414,237.001,221.414z M237.001,141.686c-21.559,0-39.098,17.049-39.098,38.002c0,20.949,17.539,37.987,39.098,37.987 c21.563,0,39.098-17.041,39.098-37.987C276.099,158.731,258.56,141.686,237.001,141.686z" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v></path> </svg> </a> </div> <p class="py-8 font-sans text-base" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v> <b data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v>Built by:</b>   Necho I, Psamtik II, Ptolemy II, Ptolemy III, Ptolemy V, Ptolemy VI, Trajanus and other Roman emperors </p> </div> <div class="kartinfo" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v> <p data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v>Late Period pharaohs and Roman Emperors erected monuments that span nearly the entire island, with the principal constructions being on the island's southern side. When the Great Dam of Assuan inundated everything upstream, the temples were transferred to the adjacent island of Agilkia.</p> <div class="mt-3 border-t-2 border-stone-200 px-3 font-sans text-stone-700 dark:border-shark-700 dark:text-shark-400" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v>Description d’Égypte, I, plates 1-29<br>Champollion, <i>Monuments</i>, I, plates 75-94<br>Lepsius, <i>Denkmaeler</i>, IV</div> </div> </div><div class="mb-20 print:mt-10 print:break-before-page" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v> <div class="text-center" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v> <h2 class="py-2" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v>Luxor Temple</h2> <div class="pos" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v> <img loading="lazy" class="w-full rounded-md sm:rounded-2xl" src="/images/q06.webp" alt="Luxor Temple" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v> <a target="_blank" href="https://www.google.com/maps?ll=25.700056,32.639395&t=h&z=16" class="transition-all duration-500 hover:scale-150" title="Show on map" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v> <svg height="48px" width="48px" version="1.1" id="Layer_1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" viewBox="0 0 473.658 473.658" xml:space="preserve" fill="#000000" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v> <circle style="fill:#A2D4DE;" cx="236.829" cy="236.829" r="236.829" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v></circle> <title>Show a map to Luxor Temple</title> <path style="fill:#6CC077;" d="M404.288,69.347c92.488,92.488,92.495,242.446-0.007,334.941c-92.48,92.488-242.446,92.488-334.934,0 L404.288,69.347z" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v></path> <path style="fill:#FFFFFF;" d="M445.79,125.333c-1.81-3.388-3.695-6.728-5.669-10.007 C220.85,200.753,124.016,406.517,110.629,437.201c3.235,2.046,6.514,4.001,9.854,5.894 C130.561,419.553,225.476,210.356,445.79,125.333z" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v></path> <path style="fill:#CC3432;" d="M237.506,80.252c-57.665,0-104.41,46.745-104.41,104.395c0,75.94,98.531,177.478,107.39,177.478 c8.859,0,101.399-110.487,101.399-177.478C341.886,126.997,295.156,80.252,237.506,80.252z M237.001,219.545 c-22.636,0-40.967-17.838-40.967-39.857s18.332-39.872,40.967-39.872c22.628,0,40.967,17.849,40.967,39.872 S259.629,219.545,237.001,219.545z" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v></path> <path style="fill:#BA2E2D;" d="M240.486,363.994c-9.218,0-109.26-102.618-109.26-179.348c0-58.592,47.676-106.265,106.279-106.265 c58.585,0,106.25,47.672,106.25,106.265C343.755,251.264,250.673,363.994,240.486,363.994z M237.506,82.122 c-56.539,0-102.54,45.993-102.54,102.525c0,76.217,96.833,173.768,105.502,175.593c8.863-2.285,99.548-109.178,99.548-175.593 C340.016,128.115,294.03,82.122,237.506,82.122z M237.001,221.414c-23.619,0-42.837-18.72-42.837-41.726 c0-23.021,19.218-41.741,42.837-41.741s42.837,18.72,42.837,41.741C279.838,202.694,260.62,221.414,237.001,221.414z M237.001,141.686c-21.559,0-39.098,17.049-39.098,38.002c0,20.949,17.539,37.987,39.098,37.987 c21.563,0,39.098-17.041,39.098-37.987C276.099,158.731,258.56,141.686,237.001,141.686z" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v></path> </svg> </a> </div> <p class="py-8 font-sans text-base" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v> <b data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v>Built by:</b>   Amenhotep III, Amenhotep IV, Tutankhamun, Horemhab, Ramesses II, Nectanebo I, Alexander the Great </p> </div> <div class="kartinfo" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v> <p data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v>The Luxor Temple Complex was built during the New Kingdom in ancient Thebes and is situated on the east bank of the Nile. In contrast to the other temples, this complex is not devoted to a king or a god, but rather to the restoration of kingship; possibly used for the coronation of the pharaohs.</p> <div class="mt-3 border-t-2 border-stone-200 px-3 font-sans text-stone-700 dark:border-shark-700 dark:text-shark-400" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v>Champollion, <i>Monuments</i>, IV, plates 318-349<br><i>Description de l'Égypte</i>, III, plates 1-15</div> </div> </div><div class="mb-20 print:mt-10 print:break-before-page" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v> <div class="text-center" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v> <h2 class="py-2" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v>Colossii of Memnon</h2> <div class="pos" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v> <img loading="lazy" class="w-full rounded-md sm:rounded-2xl" src="/images/q07.webp" alt="Colossii of Memnon" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v> <a target="_blank" href="https://www.google.com/maps?ll=25.720455,32.610539&t=h&z=16" class="transition-all duration-500 hover:scale-150" title="Show on map" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v> <svg height="48px" width="48px" version="1.1" id="Layer_1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" viewBox="0 0 473.658 473.658" xml:space="preserve" fill="#000000" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v> <circle style="fill:#A2D4DE;" cx="236.829" cy="236.829" r="236.829" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v></circle> <title>Show a map to Colossii of Memnon</title> <path style="fill:#6CC077;" d="M404.288,69.347c92.488,92.488,92.495,242.446-0.007,334.941c-92.48,92.488-242.446,92.488-334.934,0 L404.288,69.347z" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v></path> <path style="fill:#FFFFFF;" d="M445.79,125.333c-1.81-3.388-3.695-6.728-5.669-10.007 C220.85,200.753,124.016,406.517,110.629,437.201c3.235,2.046,6.514,4.001,9.854,5.894 C130.561,419.553,225.476,210.356,445.79,125.333z" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v></path> <path style="fill:#CC3432;" d="M237.506,80.252c-57.665,0-104.41,46.745-104.41,104.395c0,75.94,98.531,177.478,107.39,177.478 c8.859,0,101.399-110.487,101.399-177.478C341.886,126.997,295.156,80.252,237.506,80.252z M237.001,219.545 c-22.636,0-40.967-17.838-40.967-39.857s18.332-39.872,40.967-39.872c22.628,0,40.967,17.849,40.967,39.872 S259.629,219.545,237.001,219.545z" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v></path> <path style="fill:#BA2E2D;" d="M240.486,363.994c-9.218,0-109.26-102.618-109.26-179.348c0-58.592,47.676-106.265,106.279-106.265 c58.585,0,106.25,47.672,106.25,106.265C343.755,251.264,250.673,363.994,240.486,363.994z M237.506,82.122 c-56.539,0-102.54,45.993-102.54,102.525c0,76.217,96.833,173.768,105.502,175.593c8.863-2.285,99.548-109.178,99.548-175.593 C340.016,128.115,294.03,82.122,237.506,82.122z M237.001,221.414c-23.619,0-42.837-18.72-42.837-41.726 c0-23.021,19.218-41.741,42.837-41.741s42.837,18.72,42.837,41.741C279.838,202.694,260.62,221.414,237.001,221.414z M237.001,141.686c-21.559,0-39.098,17.049-39.098,38.002c0,20.949,17.539,37.987,39.098,37.987 c21.563,0,39.098-17.041,39.098-37.987C276.099,158.731,258.56,141.686,237.001,141.686z" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v></path> </svg> </a> </div> <p class="py-8 font-sans text-base" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v> <b data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v>Built by:</b>   Amenhotep III </p> </div> <div class="kartinfo" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v> <p data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v>Two enormous 18 meters tall stone statues located in front of Amenhotep III’s ruined mortuary temple at Thebes. Greek inscriptions on the northernmost statue refer to the legendary Greek ruler Memnon, who the statue was then mistakenly believed to depict, and are linked to the Greek name for the entire Theban Necropolis, <em>the Memnonium.</em></p> <div class="mt-3 border-t-2 border-stone-200 px-3 font-sans text-stone-700 dark:border-shark-700 dark:text-shark-400" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v>Pococke, <i>A Description of the East</i>, pl. 36-37<br> <i>Description de l'Égypte</i>, II, plates 20-22<br>Lepsius, <i>Denkmaeler</i>, I 91; VI <i>passim</i>; Text III, 140-147</div> </div> </div><div class="mb-20 print:mt-10 print:break-before-page" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v> <div class="text-center" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v> <h2 class="py-2" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v>Mortuary Temple of Hatshepsut</h2> <div class="pos" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v> <img loading="lazy" class="w-full rounded-md sm:rounded-2xl" src="/images/q08.webp" alt="Mortuary Temple of Hatshepsut" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v> <a target="_blank" href="https://www.google.com/maps?ll=25.738278,32.606583&t=h&z=16" class="transition-all duration-500 hover:scale-150" title="Show on map" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v> <svg height="48px" width="48px" version="1.1" id="Layer_1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" viewBox="0 0 473.658 473.658" xml:space="preserve" fill="#000000" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v> <circle style="fill:#A2D4DE;" cx="236.829" cy="236.829" r="236.829" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v></circle> <title>Show a map to Mortuary Temple of Hatshepsut</title> <path style="fill:#6CC077;" d="M404.288,69.347c92.488,92.488,92.495,242.446-0.007,334.941c-92.48,92.488-242.446,92.488-334.934,0 L404.288,69.347z" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v></path> <path style="fill:#FFFFFF;" d="M445.79,125.333c-1.81-3.388-3.695-6.728-5.669-10.007 C220.85,200.753,124.016,406.517,110.629,437.201c3.235,2.046,6.514,4.001,9.854,5.894 C130.561,419.553,225.476,210.356,445.79,125.333z" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v></path> <path style="fill:#CC3432;" d="M237.506,80.252c-57.665,0-104.41,46.745-104.41,104.395c0,75.94,98.531,177.478,107.39,177.478 c8.859,0,101.399-110.487,101.399-177.478C341.886,126.997,295.156,80.252,237.506,80.252z M237.001,219.545 c-22.636,0-40.967-17.838-40.967-39.857s18.332-39.872,40.967-39.872c22.628,0,40.967,17.849,40.967,39.872 S259.629,219.545,237.001,219.545z" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v></path> <path style="fill:#BA2E2D;" d="M240.486,363.994c-9.218,0-109.26-102.618-109.26-179.348c0-58.592,47.676-106.265,106.279-106.265 c58.585,0,106.25,47.672,106.25,106.265C343.755,251.264,250.673,363.994,240.486,363.994z M237.506,82.122 c-56.539,0-102.54,45.993-102.54,102.525c0,76.217,96.833,173.768,105.502,175.593c8.863-2.285,99.548-109.178,99.548-175.593 C340.016,128.115,294.03,82.122,237.506,82.122z M237.001,221.414c-23.619,0-42.837-18.72-42.837-41.726 c0-23.021,19.218-41.741,42.837-41.741s42.837,18.72,42.837,41.741C279.838,202.694,260.62,221.414,237.001,221.414z M237.001,141.686c-21.559,0-39.098,17.049-39.098,38.002c0,20.949,17.539,37.987,39.098,37.987 c21.563,0,39.098-17.041,39.098-37.987C276.099,158.731,258.56,141.686,237.001,141.686z" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v></path> </svg> </a> </div> <p class="py-8 font-sans text-base" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v> <b data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v>Built by:</b>   Hatshepsut </p> </div> <div class="kartinfo" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v> <p data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v>Hatshepsut’s mortuary temple at Thebes is regarded as a masterpiece of ancient architecture because of the way its three enormous terraces soar above the desert floor and into the Deir el-Bahari cliffs.</p> <div class="mt-3 border-t-2 border-stone-200 px-3 font-sans text-stone-700 dark:border-shark-700 dark:text-shark-400" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v><i>Description de l'Égypte</i>, II, plates 38-39<br></div> </div> </div><div class="mb-20 print:mt-10 print:break-before-page" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v> <div class="text-center" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v> <h2 class="py-2" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v>Edfu</h2> <div class="pos" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v> <img loading="lazy" class="w-full rounded-md sm:rounded-2xl" src="/images/q09.webp" alt="Edfu" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v> <a target="_blank" href="https://www.google.com/maps?ll=24.977301,32.87341&t=h&z=16" class="transition-all duration-500 hover:scale-150" title="Show on map" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v> <svg height="48px" width="48px" version="1.1" id="Layer_1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" viewBox="0 0 473.658 473.658" xml:space="preserve" fill="#000000" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v> <circle style="fill:#A2D4DE;" cx="236.829" cy="236.829" r="236.829" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v></circle> <title>Show a map to Edfu</title> <path style="fill:#6CC077;" d="M404.288,69.347c92.488,92.488,92.495,242.446-0.007,334.941c-92.48,92.488-242.446,92.488-334.934,0 L404.288,69.347z" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v></path> <path style="fill:#FFFFFF;" d="M445.79,125.333c-1.81-3.388-3.695-6.728-5.669-10.007 C220.85,200.753,124.016,406.517,110.629,437.201c3.235,2.046,6.514,4.001,9.854,5.894 C130.561,419.553,225.476,210.356,445.79,125.333z" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v></path> <path style="fill:#CC3432;" d="M237.506,80.252c-57.665,0-104.41,46.745-104.41,104.395c0,75.94,98.531,177.478,107.39,177.478 c8.859,0,101.399-110.487,101.399-177.478C341.886,126.997,295.156,80.252,237.506,80.252z M237.001,219.545 c-22.636,0-40.967-17.838-40.967-39.857s18.332-39.872,40.967-39.872c22.628,0,40.967,17.849,40.967,39.872 S259.629,219.545,237.001,219.545z" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v></path> <path style="fill:#BA2E2D;" d="M240.486,363.994c-9.218,0-109.26-102.618-109.26-179.348c0-58.592,47.676-106.265,106.279-106.265 c58.585,0,106.25,47.672,106.25,106.265C343.755,251.264,250.673,363.994,240.486,363.994z M237.506,82.122 c-56.539,0-102.54,45.993-102.54,102.525c0,76.217,96.833,173.768,105.502,175.593c8.863-2.285,99.548-109.178,99.548-175.593 C340.016,128.115,294.03,82.122,237.506,82.122z M237.001,221.414c-23.619,0-42.837-18.72-42.837-41.726 c0-23.021,19.218-41.741,42.837-41.741s42.837,18.72,42.837,41.741C279.838,202.694,260.62,221.414,237.001,221.414z M237.001,141.686c-21.559,0-39.098,17.049-39.098,38.002c0,20.949,17.539,37.987,39.098,37.987 c21.563,0,39.098-17.041,39.098-37.987C276.099,158.731,258.56,141.686,237.001,141.686z" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v></path> </svg> </a> </div> <p class="py-8 font-sans text-base" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v> <b data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v>Built by:</b>   Ptolemaic dynasty </p> </div> <div class="kartinfo" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v> <p data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v>The Ptolemaic temple of Horus at Edfu, erected between 237 BC and 57 BC, is Egypt's best preserved temple. The massive temple was built from sandstone blocks on the site of a smaller New Kingdom temple. </p> <div class="mt-3 border-t-2 border-stone-200 px-3 font-sans text-stone-700 dark:border-shark-700 dark:text-shark-400" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v><i>Description de l'Égypte</i>, I, plates 48-65<br>Champollion, <i>Monuments</i> II, plates 123-139ter</div> </div> </div><div class="mb-20 print:mt-10 print:break-before-page" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v> <div class="text-center" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v> <h2 class="py-2" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v>Ramesseum</h2> <div class="pos" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v> <img loading="lazy" class="w-full rounded-md sm:rounded-2xl" src="/images/q10.webp" alt="Ramesseum" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v> <a target="_blank" href="https://www.google.com/maps?ll=25.727402,32.610717&t=h&z=16" class="transition-all duration-500 hover:scale-150" title="Show on map" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v> <svg height="48px" width="48px" version="1.1" id="Layer_1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" viewBox="0 0 473.658 473.658" xml:space="preserve" fill="#000000" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v> <circle style="fill:#A2D4DE;" cx="236.829" cy="236.829" r="236.829" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v></circle> <title>Show a map to Ramesseum</title> <path style="fill:#6CC077;" d="M404.288,69.347c92.488,92.488,92.495,242.446-0.007,334.941c-92.48,92.488-242.446,92.488-334.934,0 L404.288,69.347z" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v></path> <path style="fill:#FFFFFF;" d="M445.79,125.333c-1.81-3.388-3.695-6.728-5.669-10.007 C220.85,200.753,124.016,406.517,110.629,437.201c3.235,2.046,6.514,4.001,9.854,5.894 C130.561,419.553,225.476,210.356,445.79,125.333z" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v></path> <path style="fill:#CC3432;" d="M237.506,80.252c-57.665,0-104.41,46.745-104.41,104.395c0,75.94,98.531,177.478,107.39,177.478 c8.859,0,101.399-110.487,101.399-177.478C341.886,126.997,295.156,80.252,237.506,80.252z M237.001,219.545 c-22.636,0-40.967-17.838-40.967-39.857s18.332-39.872,40.967-39.872c22.628,0,40.967,17.849,40.967,39.872 S259.629,219.545,237.001,219.545z" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v></path> <path style="fill:#BA2E2D;" d="M240.486,363.994c-9.218,0-109.26-102.618-109.26-179.348c0-58.592,47.676-106.265,106.279-106.265 c58.585,0,106.25,47.672,106.25,106.265C343.755,251.264,250.673,363.994,240.486,363.994z M237.506,82.122 c-56.539,0-102.54,45.993-102.54,102.525c0,76.217,96.833,173.768,105.502,175.593c8.863-2.285,99.548-109.178,99.548-175.593 C340.016,128.115,294.03,82.122,237.506,82.122z M237.001,221.414c-23.619,0-42.837-18.72-42.837-41.726 c0-23.021,19.218-41.741,42.837-41.741s42.837,18.72,42.837,41.741C279.838,202.694,260.62,221.414,237.001,221.414z M237.001,141.686c-21.559,0-39.098,17.049-39.098,38.002c0,20.949,17.539,37.987,39.098,37.987 c21.563,0,39.098-17.041,39.098-37.987C276.099,158.731,258.56,141.686,237.001,141.686z" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v></path> </svg> </a> </div> <p class="py-8 font-sans text-base" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v> <b data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v>Built by:</b>   Ramesses II </p> </div> <div class="kartinfo" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v> <p data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v>The tomb temple of Ramesses II is known as the Ramesseum. On the west bank of the Nile, in Upper Egypt's Theban Necropolis, is where you can find it. When Jean-François Champollion visited the ruins in 1829, he recognised the hieroglyphs on the walls that make up Ramesses' names and titles.</p> <div class="mt-3 border-t-2 border-stone-200 px-3 font-sans text-stone-700 dark:border-shark-700 dark:text-shark-400" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v><i>Description de l'Égypte</i>, II, plates 23-33</div> </div> </div><div class="mb-20 print:mt-10 print:break-before-page" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v> <div class="text-center" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v> <h2 class="py-2" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v>Dendera Temple complex</h2> <div class="pos" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v> <img loading="lazy" class="w-full rounded-md sm:rounded-2xl" src="/images/q11.webp" alt="Dendera Temple complex" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v> <a target="_blank" href="https://www.google.com/maps?ll=26.142,32.6699&t=h&z=16" class="transition-all duration-500 hover:scale-150" title="Show on map" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v> <svg height="48px" width="48px" version="1.1" id="Layer_1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" viewBox="0 0 473.658 473.658" xml:space="preserve" fill="#000000" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v> <circle style="fill:#A2D4DE;" cx="236.829" cy="236.829" r="236.829" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v></circle> <title>Show a map to Dendera Temple complex</title> <path style="fill:#6CC077;" d="M404.288,69.347c92.488,92.488,92.495,242.446-0.007,334.941c-92.48,92.488-242.446,92.488-334.934,0 L404.288,69.347z" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v></path> <path style="fill:#FFFFFF;" d="M445.79,125.333c-1.81-3.388-3.695-6.728-5.669-10.007 C220.85,200.753,124.016,406.517,110.629,437.201c3.235,2.046,6.514,4.001,9.854,5.894 C130.561,419.553,225.476,210.356,445.79,125.333z" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v></path> <path style="fill:#CC3432;" d="M237.506,80.252c-57.665,0-104.41,46.745-104.41,104.395c0,75.94,98.531,177.478,107.39,177.478 c8.859,0,101.399-110.487,101.399-177.478C341.886,126.997,295.156,80.252,237.506,80.252z M237.001,219.545 c-22.636,0-40.967-17.838-40.967-39.857s18.332-39.872,40.967-39.872c22.628,0,40.967,17.849,40.967,39.872 S259.629,219.545,237.001,219.545z" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v></path> <path style="fill:#BA2E2D;" d="M240.486,363.994c-9.218,0-109.26-102.618-109.26-179.348c0-58.592,47.676-106.265,106.279-106.265 c58.585,0,106.25,47.672,106.25,106.265C343.755,251.264,250.673,363.994,240.486,363.994z M237.506,82.122 c-56.539,0-102.54,45.993-102.54,102.525c0,76.217,96.833,173.768,105.502,175.593c8.863-2.285,99.548-109.178,99.548-175.593 C340.016,128.115,294.03,82.122,237.506,82.122z M237.001,221.414c-23.619,0-42.837-18.72-42.837-41.726 c0-23.021,19.218-41.741,42.837-41.741s42.837,18.72,42.837,41.741C279.838,202.694,260.62,221.414,237.001,221.414z M237.001,141.686c-21.559,0-39.098,17.049-39.098,38.002c0,20.949,17.539,37.987,39.098,37.987 c21.563,0,39.098-17.041,39.098-37.987C276.099,158.731,258.56,141.686,237.001,141.686z" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v></path> </svg> </a> </div> <p class="py-8 font-sans text-base" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v> <b data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v>Built by:</b>   Pepi I, Mentuhotep II, Amenemhat I, Thutmose III, Amenhotep III, Ramesses II, Ramses III, Ptolemaios XII Auletes, Tiberius, Caligula, Claudius, Nero, Trajanus, Antonius Pius and more </p> </div> <div class="kartinfo" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v> <p data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v>The Temple of Hathor is the primary structure of the Dendera temple complex, built during the Ptolemaic dynasty's final years in the first century BC. However, there has been a temple there since the Middle Kingdom, and it underwent improvements until the reign of the Roman emperor Trajan.</p> <div class="mt-3 border-t-2 border-stone-200 px-3 font-sans text-stone-700 dark:border-shark-700 dark:text-shark-400" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v>Mariette, <i>Dendérah</i>, 6 volumes, (Paris: 1870-75)<br><i>Description de l'Égypte</i>, IV, plates 2-34</div> </div> </div><div class="mb-20 print:mt-10 print:break-before-page" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v> <div class="text-center" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v> <h2 class="py-2" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v>Medinet Habu Temple</h2> <div class="pos" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v> <img loading="lazy" class="w-full rounded-md sm:rounded-2xl" src="/images/q12.webp" alt="Medinet Habu Temple" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v> <a target="_blank" href="https://www.google.com/maps?ll=25.719258,32.60136&t=h&z=16" class="transition-all duration-500 hover:scale-150" title="Show on map" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v> <svg height="48px" width="48px" version="1.1" id="Layer_1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" viewBox="0 0 473.658 473.658" xml:space="preserve" fill="#000000" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v> <circle style="fill:#A2D4DE;" cx="236.829" cy="236.829" r="236.829" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v></circle> <title>Show a map to Medinet Habu Temple</title> <path style="fill:#6CC077;" d="M404.288,69.347c92.488,92.488,92.495,242.446-0.007,334.941c-92.48,92.488-242.446,92.488-334.934,0 L404.288,69.347z" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v></path> <path style="fill:#FFFFFF;" d="M445.79,125.333c-1.81-3.388-3.695-6.728-5.669-10.007 C220.85,200.753,124.016,406.517,110.629,437.201c3.235,2.046,6.514,4.001,9.854,5.894 C130.561,419.553,225.476,210.356,445.79,125.333z" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v></path> <path style="fill:#CC3432;" d="M237.506,80.252c-57.665,0-104.41,46.745-104.41,104.395c0,75.94,98.531,177.478,107.39,177.478 c8.859,0,101.399-110.487,101.399-177.478C341.886,126.997,295.156,80.252,237.506,80.252z M237.001,219.545 c-22.636,0-40.967-17.838-40.967-39.857s18.332-39.872,40.967-39.872c22.628,0,40.967,17.849,40.967,39.872 S259.629,219.545,237.001,219.545z" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v></path> <path style="fill:#BA2E2D;" d="M240.486,363.994c-9.218,0-109.26-102.618-109.26-179.348c0-58.592,47.676-106.265,106.279-106.265 c58.585,0,106.25,47.672,106.25,106.265C343.755,251.264,250.673,363.994,240.486,363.994z M237.506,82.122 c-56.539,0-102.54,45.993-102.54,102.525c0,76.217,96.833,173.768,105.502,175.593c8.863-2.285,99.548-109.178,99.548-175.593 C340.016,128.115,294.03,82.122,237.506,82.122z M237.001,221.414c-23.619,0-42.837-18.72-42.837-41.726 c0-23.021,19.218-41.741,42.837-41.741s42.837,18.72,42.837,41.741C279.838,202.694,260.62,221.414,237.001,221.414z M237.001,141.686c-21.559,0-39.098,17.049-39.098,38.002c0,20.949,17.539,37.987,39.098,37.987 c21.563,0,39.098-17.041,39.098-37.987C276.099,158.731,258.56,141.686,237.001,141.686z" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v></path> </svg> </a> </div> <p class="py-8 font-sans text-base" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v> <b data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v>Built by:</b>   Ramesses III </p> </div> <div class="kartinfo" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v> <p data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v>The mortuary temple of Ramesses III is strikingly similar and much better preserved than the Ramesseum.</p> <div class="mt-3 border-t-2 border-stone-200 px-3 font-sans text-stone-700 dark:border-shark-700 dark:text-shark-400" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v><i>Description de l'Égypte</i>, II, plates 2-18<br>Champollion, <i>Monuments</i>, II, plates 195-200; III, 201-228</div> </div> </div><div class="mb-20 print:mt-10 print:break-before-page" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v> <div class="text-center" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v> <h2 class="py-2" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v>Kom Ombo Temple</h2> <div class="pos" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v> <img loading="lazy" class="w-full rounded-md sm:rounded-2xl" src="/images/q13.webp" alt="Kom Ombo Temple" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v> <a target="_blank" href="https://www.google.com/maps?ll=24.451747,32.928077&t=h&z=16" class="transition-all duration-500 hover:scale-150" title="Show on map" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v> <svg height="48px" width="48px" version="1.1" id="Layer_1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" viewBox="0 0 473.658 473.658" xml:space="preserve" fill="#000000" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v> <circle style="fill:#A2D4DE;" cx="236.829" cy="236.829" r="236.829" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v></circle> <title>Show a map to Kom Ombo Temple</title> <path style="fill:#6CC077;" d="M404.288,69.347c92.488,92.488,92.495,242.446-0.007,334.941c-92.48,92.488-242.446,92.488-334.934,0 L404.288,69.347z" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v></path> <path style="fill:#FFFFFF;" d="M445.79,125.333c-1.81-3.388-3.695-6.728-5.669-10.007 C220.85,200.753,124.016,406.517,110.629,437.201c3.235,2.046,6.514,4.001,9.854,5.894 C130.561,419.553,225.476,210.356,445.79,125.333z" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v></path> <path style="fill:#CC3432;" d="M237.506,80.252c-57.665,0-104.41,46.745-104.41,104.395c0,75.94,98.531,177.478,107.39,177.478 c8.859,0,101.399-110.487,101.399-177.478C341.886,126.997,295.156,80.252,237.506,80.252z M237.001,219.545 c-22.636,0-40.967-17.838-40.967-39.857s18.332-39.872,40.967-39.872c22.628,0,40.967,17.849,40.967,39.872 S259.629,219.545,237.001,219.545z" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v></path> <path style="fill:#BA2E2D;" d="M240.486,363.994c-9.218,0-109.26-102.618-109.26-179.348c0-58.592,47.676-106.265,106.279-106.265 c58.585,0,106.25,47.672,106.25,106.265C343.755,251.264,250.673,363.994,240.486,363.994z M237.506,82.122 c-56.539,0-102.54,45.993-102.54,102.525c0,76.217,96.833,173.768,105.502,175.593c8.863-2.285,99.548-109.178,99.548-175.593 C340.016,128.115,294.03,82.122,237.506,82.122z M237.001,221.414c-23.619,0-42.837-18.72-42.837-41.726 c0-23.021,19.218-41.741,42.837-41.741s42.837,18.72,42.837,41.741C279.838,202.694,260.62,221.414,237.001,221.414z M237.001,141.686c-21.559,0-39.098,17.049-39.098,38.002c0,20.949,17.539,37.987,39.098,37.987 c21.563,0,39.098-17.041,39.098-37.987C276.099,158.731,258.56,141.686,237.001,141.686z" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v></path> </svg> </a> </div> <p class="py-8 font-sans text-base" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v> <b data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v>Built by:</b>   Ptolemaic dynasty </p> </div> <div class="kartinfo" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v> <p data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v>The remarkable double temples known as the Temple of Kom Ombo were built during the Ptolemaic dynasty with addition in Roman times.</p> <div class="mt-3 border-t-2 border-stone-200 px-3 font-sans text-stone-700 dark:border-shark-700 dark:text-shark-400" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v></div> </div> </div><div class="mb-20 print:mt-10 print:break-before-page" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v> <div class="text-center" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v> <h2 class="py-2" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v>Saqqara</h2> <div class="pos" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v> <img loading="lazy" class="w-full rounded-md sm:rounded-2xl" src="/images/q14.webp" alt="Saqqara" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v> <a target="_blank" href="https://www.google.com/maps?ll=29.871984,31.219163&t=h&z=16" class="transition-all duration-500 hover:scale-150" title="Show on map" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v> <svg height="48px" width="48px" version="1.1" id="Layer_1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" viewBox="0 0 473.658 473.658" xml:space="preserve" fill="#000000" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v> <circle style="fill:#A2D4DE;" cx="236.829" cy="236.829" r="236.829" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v></circle> <title>Show a map to Saqqara</title> <path style="fill:#6CC077;" d="M404.288,69.347c92.488,92.488,92.495,242.446-0.007,334.941c-92.48,92.488-242.446,92.488-334.934,0 L404.288,69.347z" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v></path> <path style="fill:#FFFFFF;" d="M445.79,125.333c-1.81-3.388-3.695-6.728-5.669-10.007 C220.85,200.753,124.016,406.517,110.629,437.201c3.235,2.046,6.514,4.001,9.854,5.894 C130.561,419.553,225.476,210.356,445.79,125.333z" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v></path> <path style="fill:#CC3432;" d="M237.506,80.252c-57.665,0-104.41,46.745-104.41,104.395c0,75.94,98.531,177.478,107.39,177.478 c8.859,0,101.399-110.487,101.399-177.478C341.886,126.997,295.156,80.252,237.506,80.252z M237.001,219.545 c-22.636,0-40.967-17.838-40.967-39.857s18.332-39.872,40.967-39.872c22.628,0,40.967,17.849,40.967,39.872 S259.629,219.545,237.001,219.545z" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v></path> <path style="fill:#BA2E2D;" d="M240.486,363.994c-9.218,0-109.26-102.618-109.26-179.348c0-58.592,47.676-106.265,106.279-106.265 c58.585,0,106.25,47.672,106.25,106.265C343.755,251.264,250.673,363.994,240.486,363.994z M237.506,82.122 c-56.539,0-102.54,45.993-102.54,102.525c0,76.217,96.833,173.768,105.502,175.593c8.863-2.285,99.548-109.178,99.548-175.593 C340.016,128.115,294.03,82.122,237.506,82.122z M237.001,221.414c-23.619,0-42.837-18.72-42.837-41.726 c0-23.021,19.218-41.741,42.837-41.741s42.837,18.72,42.837,41.741C279.838,202.694,260.62,221.414,237.001,221.414z M237.001,141.686c-21.559,0-39.098,17.049-39.098,38.002c0,20.949,17.539,37.987,39.098,37.987 c21.563,0,39.098-17.041,39.098-37.987C276.099,158.731,258.56,141.686,237.001,141.686z" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v></path> </svg> </a> </div> <p class="py-8 font-sans text-base" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v> <b data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v>Built by:</b>   Djoser, Userkaf, Djedkara Isesi, Menkauhor, Unas, Teti, Pepi I, Merenra, Pepi II, and many more </p> </div> <div class="kartinfo" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v> <p data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v>Saqqara contains ancient Egyptian royal burial grounds and served as the necropolis for Memphis, the ancient Egyptian capital. Saqqara is home to multiple pyramids, notably Djoser's Step Pyramid, as well as a number of mastaba tombs and can be seen to the south from the Giza plateau.</p> <div class="mt-3 border-t-2 border-stone-200 px-3 font-sans text-stone-700 dark:border-shark-700 dark:text-shark-400" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v></div> </div> </div><div class="mb-20 print:mt-10 print:break-before-page" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v> <div class="text-center" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v> <h2 class="py-2" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v>Abusir</h2> <div class="pos" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v> <img loading="lazy" class="w-full rounded-md sm:rounded-2xl" src="/images/q15.webp" alt="Abusir" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v> <a target="_blank" href="https://www.google.com/maps?ll=29.895801,31.202808&t=h&z=16" class="transition-all duration-500 hover:scale-150" title="Show on map" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v> <svg height="48px" width="48px" version="1.1" id="Layer_1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" viewBox="0 0 473.658 473.658" xml:space="preserve" fill="#000000" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v> <circle style="fill:#A2D4DE;" cx="236.829" cy="236.829" r="236.829" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v></circle> <title>Show a map to Abusir</title> <path style="fill:#6CC077;" d="M404.288,69.347c92.488,92.488,92.495,242.446-0.007,334.941c-92.48,92.488-242.446,92.488-334.934,0 L404.288,69.347z" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v></path> <path style="fill:#FFFFFF;" d="M445.79,125.333c-1.81-3.388-3.695-6.728-5.669-10.007 C220.85,200.753,124.016,406.517,110.629,437.201c3.235,2.046,6.514,4.001,9.854,5.894 C130.561,419.553,225.476,210.356,445.79,125.333z" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v></path> <path style="fill:#CC3432;" d="M237.506,80.252c-57.665,0-104.41,46.745-104.41,104.395c0,75.94,98.531,177.478,107.39,177.478 c8.859,0,101.399-110.487,101.399-177.478C341.886,126.997,295.156,80.252,237.506,80.252z M237.001,219.545 c-22.636,0-40.967-17.838-40.967-39.857s18.332-39.872,40.967-39.872c22.628,0,40.967,17.849,40.967,39.872 S259.629,219.545,237.001,219.545z" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v></path> <path style="fill:#BA2E2D;" d="M240.486,363.994c-9.218,0-109.26-102.618-109.26-179.348c0-58.592,47.676-106.265,106.279-106.265 c58.585,0,106.25,47.672,106.25,106.265C343.755,251.264,250.673,363.994,240.486,363.994z M237.506,82.122 c-56.539,0-102.54,45.993-102.54,102.525c0,76.217,96.833,173.768,105.502,175.593c8.863-2.285,99.548-109.178,99.548-175.593 C340.016,128.115,294.03,82.122,237.506,82.122z M237.001,221.414c-23.619,0-42.837-18.72-42.837-41.726 c0-23.021,19.218-41.741,42.837-41.741s42.837,18.72,42.837,41.741C279.838,202.694,260.62,221.414,237.001,221.414z M237.001,141.686c-21.559,0-39.098,17.049-39.098,38.002c0,20.949,17.539,37.987,39.098,37.987 c21.563,0,39.098-17.041,39.098-37.987C276.099,158.731,258.56,141.686,237.001,141.686z" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v></path> </svg> </a> </div> <p class="py-8 font-sans text-base" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v> <b data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v>Built by:</b>   Sahura, Niuserra, Neferirkara </p> </div> <div class="kartinfo" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v> <p data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v>Served as the royal necropolis in the Fifth Dynasty, with the pyramids of Neferirkara Kakai, Niuserra, and Sahura.</p> <div class="mt-3 border-t-2 border-stone-200 px-3 font-sans text-stone-700 dark:border-shark-700 dark:text-shark-400" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v></div> </div> </div><div class="mb-20 print:mt-10 print:break-before-page" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v> <div class="text-center" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v> <h2 class="py-2" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v>Dashur</h2> <div class="pos" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v> <img loading="lazy" class="w-full rounded-md sm:rounded-2xl" src="/images/q16.webp" alt="Dashur" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v> <a target="_blank" href="https://www.google.com/maps?ll=29.795678,31.215815&t=h&z=16" class="transition-all duration-500 hover:scale-150" title="Show on map" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v> <svg height="48px" width="48px" version="1.1" id="Layer_1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" viewBox="0 0 473.658 473.658" xml:space="preserve" fill="#000000" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v> <circle style="fill:#A2D4DE;" cx="236.829" cy="236.829" r="236.829" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v></circle> <title>Show a map to Dashur</title> <path style="fill:#6CC077;" d="M404.288,69.347c92.488,92.488,92.495,242.446-0.007,334.941c-92.48,92.488-242.446,92.488-334.934,0 L404.288,69.347z" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v></path> <path style="fill:#FFFFFF;" d="M445.79,125.333c-1.81-3.388-3.695-6.728-5.669-10.007 C220.85,200.753,124.016,406.517,110.629,437.201c3.235,2.046,6.514,4.001,9.854,5.894 C130.561,419.553,225.476,210.356,445.79,125.333z" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v></path> <path style="fill:#CC3432;" d="M237.506,80.252c-57.665,0-104.41,46.745-104.41,104.395c0,75.94,98.531,177.478,107.39,177.478 c8.859,0,101.399-110.487,101.399-177.478C341.886,126.997,295.156,80.252,237.506,80.252z M237.001,219.545 c-22.636,0-40.967-17.838-40.967-39.857s18.332-39.872,40.967-39.872c22.628,0,40.967,17.849,40.967,39.872 S259.629,219.545,237.001,219.545z" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v></path> <path style="fill:#BA2E2D;" d="M240.486,363.994c-9.218,0-109.26-102.618-109.26-179.348c0-58.592,47.676-106.265,106.279-106.265 c58.585,0,106.25,47.672,106.25,106.265C343.755,251.264,250.673,363.994,240.486,363.994z M237.506,82.122 c-56.539,0-102.54,45.993-102.54,102.525c0,76.217,96.833,173.768,105.502,175.593c8.863-2.285,99.548-109.178,99.548-175.593 C340.016,128.115,294.03,82.122,237.506,82.122z M237.001,221.414c-23.619,0-42.837-18.72-42.837-41.726 c0-23.021,19.218-41.741,42.837-41.741s42.837,18.72,42.837,41.741C279.838,202.694,260.62,221.414,237.001,221.414z M237.001,141.686c-21.559,0-39.098,17.049-39.098,38.002c0,20.949,17.539,37.987,39.098,37.987 c21.563,0,39.098-17.041,39.098-37.987C276.099,158.731,258.56,141.686,237.001,141.686z" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v></path> </svg> </a> </div> <p class="py-8 font-sans text-base" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v> <b data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v>Built by:</b>   Sneferu, Senusret III, Amenemhat III </p> </div> <div class="kartinfo" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v> <p data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v>The Bent pyramid and the Red pyramid, both erected by Sneferu in the Fourth Dynasty, are part of a necropolis containing other pyramids. Amenemhat II (the White Pyramid) and Amenemhat III (the Black Pyramid), as well as Senusret III, erected pyramids nearby.</p> <div class="mt-3 border-t-2 border-stone-200 px-3 font-sans text-stone-700 dark:border-shark-700 dark:text-shark-400" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v></div> </div> </div><div class="mb-20 print:mt-10 print:break-before-page" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v> <div class="text-center" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v> <h2 class="py-2" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v>Abydos</h2> <div class="pos" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v> <img loading="lazy" class="w-full rounded-md sm:rounded-2xl" src="/images/q17.webp" alt="Abydos" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v> <a target="_blank" href="https://www.google.com/maps?ll=26.184521,31.919237&t=h&z=16" class="transition-all duration-500 hover:scale-150" title="Show on map" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v> <svg height="48px" width="48px" version="1.1" id="Layer_1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" viewBox="0 0 473.658 473.658" xml:space="preserve" fill="#000000" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v> <circle style="fill:#A2D4DE;" cx="236.829" cy="236.829" r="236.829" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v></circle> <title>Show a map to Abydos</title> <path style="fill:#6CC077;" d="M404.288,69.347c92.488,92.488,92.495,242.446-0.007,334.941c-92.48,92.488-242.446,92.488-334.934,0 L404.288,69.347z" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v></path> <path style="fill:#FFFFFF;" d="M445.79,125.333c-1.81-3.388-3.695-6.728-5.669-10.007 C220.85,200.753,124.016,406.517,110.629,437.201c3.235,2.046,6.514,4.001,9.854,5.894 C130.561,419.553,225.476,210.356,445.79,125.333z" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v></path> <path style="fill:#CC3432;" d="M237.506,80.252c-57.665,0-104.41,46.745-104.41,104.395c0,75.94,98.531,177.478,107.39,177.478 c8.859,0,101.399-110.487,101.399-177.478C341.886,126.997,295.156,80.252,237.506,80.252z M237.001,219.545 c-22.636,0-40.967-17.838-40.967-39.857s18.332-39.872,40.967-39.872c22.628,0,40.967,17.849,40.967,39.872 S259.629,219.545,237.001,219.545z" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v></path> <path style="fill:#BA2E2D;" d="M240.486,363.994c-9.218,0-109.26-102.618-109.26-179.348c0-58.592,47.676-106.265,106.279-106.265 c58.585,0,106.25,47.672,106.25,106.265C343.755,251.264,250.673,363.994,240.486,363.994z M237.506,82.122 c-56.539,0-102.54,45.993-102.54,102.525c0,76.217,96.833,173.768,105.502,175.593c8.863-2.285,99.548-109.178,99.548-175.593 C340.016,128.115,294.03,82.122,237.506,82.122z M237.001,221.414c-23.619,0-42.837-18.72-42.837-41.726 c0-23.021,19.218-41.741,42.837-41.741s42.837,18.72,42.837,41.741C279.838,202.694,260.62,221.414,237.001,221.414z M237.001,141.686c-21.559,0-39.098,17.049-39.098,38.002c0,20.949,17.539,37.987,39.098,37.987 c21.563,0,39.098-17.041,39.098-37.987C276.099,158.731,258.56,141.686,237.001,141.686z" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v></path> </svg> </a> </div> <p class="py-8 font-sans text-base" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v> <b data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v>Built by:</b>   Seti I, Ramesses II </p> </div> <div class="kartinfo" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v> <p data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v>The Mortuary Temple of Seti I at Abydos was discovered buried by desert sand in the mid 1800's and excavated in 1859 under Auguste Mariette.</p> <div class="mt-3 border-t-2 border-stone-200 px-3 font-sans text-stone-700 dark:border-shark-700 dark:text-shark-400" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v>Calverley, The Temple of King Sethos at Abydos, 5 volumes<br>Mariette, <i>Abydos</i>, 2 volumes.</div> </div> </div><div class="mb-20 print:mt-10 print:break-before-page" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v> <div class="text-center" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v> <h2 class="py-2" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v>Valley of the Queens</h2> <div class="pos" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v> <img loading="lazy" class="w-full rounded-md sm:rounded-2xl" src="/images/q18.webp" alt="Valley of the Queens" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v> <a target="_blank" href="https://www.google.com/maps?ll=25.727693,32.593112&t=h&z=16" class="transition-all duration-500 hover:scale-150" title="Show on map" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v> <svg height="48px" width="48px" version="1.1" id="Layer_1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" viewBox="0 0 473.658 473.658" xml:space="preserve" fill="#000000" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v> <circle style="fill:#A2D4DE;" cx="236.829" cy="236.829" r="236.829" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v></circle> <title>Show a map to Valley of the Queens</title> <path style="fill:#6CC077;" d="M404.288,69.347c92.488,92.488,92.495,242.446-0.007,334.941c-92.48,92.488-242.446,92.488-334.934,0 L404.288,69.347z" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v></path> <path style="fill:#FFFFFF;" d="M445.79,125.333c-1.81-3.388-3.695-6.728-5.669-10.007 C220.85,200.753,124.016,406.517,110.629,437.201c3.235,2.046,6.514,4.001,9.854,5.894 C130.561,419.553,225.476,210.356,445.79,125.333z" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v></path> <path style="fill:#CC3432;" d="M237.506,80.252c-57.665,0-104.41,46.745-104.41,104.395c0,75.94,98.531,177.478,107.39,177.478 c8.859,0,101.399-110.487,101.399-177.478C341.886,126.997,295.156,80.252,237.506,80.252z M237.001,219.545 c-22.636,0-40.967-17.838-40.967-39.857s18.332-39.872,40.967-39.872c22.628,0,40.967,17.849,40.967,39.872 S259.629,219.545,237.001,219.545z" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v></path> <path style="fill:#BA2E2D;" d="M240.486,363.994c-9.218,0-109.26-102.618-109.26-179.348c0-58.592,47.676-106.265,106.279-106.265 c58.585,0,106.25,47.672,106.25,106.265C343.755,251.264,250.673,363.994,240.486,363.994z M237.506,82.122 c-56.539,0-102.54,45.993-102.54,102.525c0,76.217,96.833,173.768,105.502,175.593c8.863-2.285,99.548-109.178,99.548-175.593 C340.016,128.115,294.03,82.122,237.506,82.122z M237.001,221.414c-23.619,0-42.837-18.72-42.837-41.726 c0-23.021,19.218-41.741,42.837-41.741s42.837,18.72,42.837,41.741C279.838,202.694,260.62,221.414,237.001,221.414z M237.001,141.686c-21.559,0-39.098,17.049-39.098,38.002c0,20.949,17.539,37.987,39.098,37.987 c21.563,0,39.098-17.041,39.098-37.987C276.099,158.731,258.56,141.686,237.001,141.686z" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v></path> </svg> </a> </div> <p class="py-8 font-sans text-base" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v> <b data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v>Built by:</b>   New Kingdom queens </p> </div> <div class="kartinfo" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v> <p data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v>Many New Kingdom princesses and queens of the Pharaohs were buried in the Valley of the Queens.</p> <div class="mt-3 border-t-2 border-stone-200 px-3 font-sans text-stone-700 dark:border-shark-700 dark:text-shark-400" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v></div> </div> </div><div class="mb-20 print:mt-10 print:break-before-page" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v> <div class="text-center" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v> <h2 class="py-2" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v>Temple of Amada and Derr</h2> <div class="pos" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v> <img loading="lazy" class="w-full rounded-md sm:rounded-2xl" src="/images/q19.webp" alt="Temple of Amada and Derr" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v> <a target="_blank" href="https://www.google.com/maps?ll=22.731666,32.262159&t=h&z=16" class="transition-all duration-500 hover:scale-150" title="Show on map" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v> <svg height="48px" width="48px" version="1.1" id="Layer_1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" viewBox="0 0 473.658 473.658" xml:space="preserve" fill="#000000" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v> <circle style="fill:#A2D4DE;" cx="236.829" cy="236.829" r="236.829" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v></circle> <title>Show a map to Temple of Amada and Derr</title> <path style="fill:#6CC077;" d="M404.288,69.347c92.488,92.488,92.495,242.446-0.007,334.941c-92.48,92.488-242.446,92.488-334.934,0 L404.288,69.347z" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v></path> <path style="fill:#FFFFFF;" d="M445.79,125.333c-1.81-3.388-3.695-6.728-5.669-10.007 C220.85,200.753,124.016,406.517,110.629,437.201c3.235,2.046,6.514,4.001,9.854,5.894 C130.561,419.553,225.476,210.356,445.79,125.333z" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v></path> <path style="fill:#CC3432;" d="M237.506,80.252c-57.665,0-104.41,46.745-104.41,104.395c0,75.94,98.531,177.478,107.39,177.478 c8.859,0,101.399-110.487,101.399-177.478C341.886,126.997,295.156,80.252,237.506,80.252z M237.001,219.545 c-22.636,0-40.967-17.838-40.967-39.857s18.332-39.872,40.967-39.872c22.628,0,40.967,17.849,40.967,39.872 S259.629,219.545,237.001,219.545z" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v></path> <path style="fill:#BA2E2D;" d="M240.486,363.994c-9.218,0-109.26-102.618-109.26-179.348c0-58.592,47.676-106.265,106.279-106.265 c58.585,0,106.25,47.672,106.25,106.265C343.755,251.264,250.673,363.994,240.486,363.994z M237.506,82.122 c-56.539,0-102.54,45.993-102.54,102.525c0,76.217,96.833,173.768,105.502,175.593c8.863-2.285,99.548-109.178,99.548-175.593 C340.016,128.115,294.03,82.122,237.506,82.122z M237.001,221.414c-23.619,0-42.837-18.72-42.837-41.726 c0-23.021,19.218-41.741,42.837-41.741s42.837,18.72,42.837,41.741C279.838,202.694,260.62,221.414,237.001,221.414z M237.001,141.686c-21.559,0-39.098,17.049-39.098,38.002c0,20.949,17.539,37.987,39.098,37.987 c21.563,0,39.098-17.041,39.098-37.987C276.099,158.731,258.56,141.686,237.001,141.686z" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v></path> </svg> </a> </div> <p class="py-8 font-sans text-base" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v> <b data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v>Built by:</b>   Thutmose III, Amenhotep II, Ramesses II, Merenptah, Siptah </p> </div> <div class="kartinfo" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v> <p data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v>Thutmose III built the Temple of Amada, the oldest Egyptian temple in Nubia, which was dedicated to of Amun and Re-Horakhty. Ramesses II constructed the rock-cut Egyptian temple known as the Temple of Derr in Nubia. The 1960s saw the construction of the Aswan Dam, luckily efforts to preserve ancient temples allowed for the dismantling, and relocation of both temples.</p> <div class="mt-3 border-t-2 border-stone-200 px-3 font-sans text-stone-700 dark:border-shark-700 dark:text-shark-400" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v>Champollion, <i>Monuments</i>, I, plates 44-49</div> </div> </div><div class="mb-20 print:mt-10 print:break-before-page" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v> <div class="text-center" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v> <h2 class="py-2" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v>Temple of Hibis</h2> <div class="pos" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v> <img loading="lazy" class="w-full rounded-md sm:rounded-2xl" src="/images/q20.webp" alt="Temple of Hibis" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v> <a target="_blank" href="https://www.google.com/maps?ll=25.476538,30.55597&t=h&z=16" class="transition-all duration-500 hover:scale-150" title="Show on map" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v> <svg height="48px" width="48px" version="1.1" id="Layer_1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" viewBox="0 0 473.658 473.658" xml:space="preserve" fill="#000000" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v> <circle style="fill:#A2D4DE;" cx="236.829" cy="236.829" r="236.829" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v></circle> <title>Show a map to Temple of Hibis</title> <path style="fill:#6CC077;" d="M404.288,69.347c92.488,92.488,92.495,242.446-0.007,334.941c-92.48,92.488-242.446,92.488-334.934,0 L404.288,69.347z" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v></path> <path style="fill:#FFFFFF;" d="M445.79,125.333c-1.81-3.388-3.695-6.728-5.669-10.007 C220.85,200.753,124.016,406.517,110.629,437.201c3.235,2.046,6.514,4.001,9.854,5.894 C130.561,419.553,225.476,210.356,445.79,125.333z" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v></path> <path style="fill:#CC3432;" d="M237.506,80.252c-57.665,0-104.41,46.745-104.41,104.395c0,75.94,98.531,177.478,107.39,177.478 c8.859,0,101.399-110.487,101.399-177.478C341.886,126.997,295.156,80.252,237.506,80.252z M237.001,219.545 c-22.636,0-40.967-17.838-40.967-39.857s18.332-39.872,40.967-39.872c22.628,0,40.967,17.849,40.967,39.872 S259.629,219.545,237.001,219.545z" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v></path> <path style="fill:#BA2E2D;" d="M240.486,363.994c-9.218,0-109.26-102.618-109.26-179.348c0-58.592,47.676-106.265,106.279-106.265 c58.585,0,106.25,47.672,106.25,106.265C343.755,251.264,250.673,363.994,240.486,363.994z M237.506,82.122 c-56.539,0-102.54,45.993-102.54,102.525c0,76.217,96.833,173.768,105.502,175.593c8.863-2.285,99.548-109.178,99.548-175.593 C340.016,128.115,294.03,82.122,237.506,82.122z M237.001,221.414c-23.619,0-42.837-18.72-42.837-41.726 c0-23.021,19.218-41.741,42.837-41.741s42.837,18.72,42.837,41.741C279.838,202.694,260.62,221.414,237.001,221.414z M237.001,141.686c-21.559,0-39.098,17.049-39.098,38.002c0,20.949,17.539,37.987,39.098,37.987 c21.563,0,39.098-17.041,39.098-37.987C276.099,158.731,258.56,141.686,237.001,141.686z" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v></path> </svg> </a> </div> <p class="py-8 font-sans text-base" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v> <b data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v>Built by:</b>   Darius I, Darius II, Akoris, Necho I, Necho II, and several Ptolemaic pharaohs </p> </div> <div class="kartinfo" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v> <p data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v>The Temple of Hibis is the largest and best preserved ancient Egyptian temple in the Kharga Oasis, and the only surviving monument in Egypt dating to the Persian period.</p> <div class="mt-3 border-t-2 border-stone-200 px-3 font-sans text-stone-700 dark:border-shark-700 dark:text-shark-400" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v>Winlock, The Temple of Hibis, 3 volumes. 1941-53.</div> </div> </div><div class="mb-20 print:mt-10 print:break-before-page" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v> <div class="text-center" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v> <h2 class="py-2" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v>Elephantine</h2> <div class="pos" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v> <img loading="lazy" class="w-full rounded-md sm:rounded-2xl" src="/images/q45.webp" alt="Elephantine" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v> <a target="_blank" href="https://www.google.com/maps?ll=24.085668,32.886326&t=h&z=16" class="transition-all duration-500 hover:scale-150" title="Show on map" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v> <svg height="48px" width="48px" version="1.1" id="Layer_1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" viewBox="0 0 473.658 473.658" xml:space="preserve" fill="#000000" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v> <circle style="fill:#A2D4DE;" cx="236.829" cy="236.829" r="236.829" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v></circle> <title>Show a map to Elephantine</title> <path style="fill:#6CC077;" d="M404.288,69.347c92.488,92.488,92.495,242.446-0.007,334.941c-92.48,92.488-242.446,92.488-334.934,0 L404.288,69.347z" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v></path> <path style="fill:#FFFFFF;" d="M445.79,125.333c-1.81-3.388-3.695-6.728-5.669-10.007 C220.85,200.753,124.016,406.517,110.629,437.201c3.235,2.046,6.514,4.001,9.854,5.894 C130.561,419.553,225.476,210.356,445.79,125.333z" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v></path> <path style="fill:#CC3432;" d="M237.506,80.252c-57.665,0-104.41,46.745-104.41,104.395c0,75.94,98.531,177.478,107.39,177.478 c8.859,0,101.399-110.487,101.399-177.478C341.886,126.997,295.156,80.252,237.506,80.252z M237.001,219.545 c-22.636,0-40.967-17.838-40.967-39.857s18.332-39.872,40.967-39.872c22.628,0,40.967,17.849,40.967,39.872 S259.629,219.545,237.001,219.545z" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v></path> <path style="fill:#BA2E2D;" d="M240.486,363.994c-9.218,0-109.26-102.618-109.26-179.348c0-58.592,47.676-106.265,106.279-106.265 c58.585,0,106.25,47.672,106.25,106.265C343.755,251.264,250.673,363.994,240.486,363.994z M237.506,82.122 c-56.539,0-102.54,45.993-102.54,102.525c0,76.217,96.833,173.768,105.502,175.593c8.863-2.285,99.548-109.178,99.548-175.593 C340.016,128.115,294.03,82.122,237.506,82.122z M237.001,221.414c-23.619,0-42.837-18.72-42.837-41.726 c0-23.021,19.218-41.741,42.837-41.741s42.837,18.72,42.837,41.741C279.838,202.694,260.62,221.414,237.001,221.414z M237.001,141.686c-21.559,0-39.098,17.049-39.098,38.002c0,20.949,17.539,37.987,39.098,37.987 c21.563,0,39.098-17.041,39.098-37.987C276.099,158.731,258.56,141.686,237.001,141.686z" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v></path> </svg> </a> </div> <p class="py-8 font-sans text-base" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v> <b data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v>Built by:</b>   </p> </div> <div class="kartinfo" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v> <p data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v>The island of Elephantine stood at the border between Egypt and Nubia and held two impressive temples. However, they were deliberately demolished in 1822 during the attempt to conquer Sudan by Muhammad Ali, who had assumed control in Egypt.</p> <div class="mt-3 border-t-2 border-stone-200 px-3 font-sans text-stone-700 dark:border-shark-700 dark:text-shark-400" data-astro-cid-a66vrl4v><i>Description de l'Égypte</i>, I, plates 31-38</div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <div class="py-10 my-5 print:hidden" aria-hidden="true"> <img src="/svg/thoth.svg" loading="lazy" class="mx-auto h-28 opacity-50 transition duration-300 hover:opacity-100" alt="Thoth" title="You have reached the end of the page. This is Thoth, the wise God of writing and hieroglyphs." srcset=""> <p class="text-center uppercase font-sans text-xs pt-3"> <abbr class="text-stone-400 dark:text-shark-700 no-underline" title="Latin for: Nothing comes from nothing">Ex nihilo nihil fit</abbr> </p> </div> <div class="hidden print:block print:py-20 text-center"> <h3>Original text from:</h3><a href="https://pharaoh.se{currentPath}" class="font-mono text-sm text-black"><img src="/svg/pharaohse.svg" alt="Pharaoh.SE" class="w-60 mx-auto block">https://pharaoh.se/ancient-egypt/temples-and-monuments/</a> </div> </article> <aside class="hidden lg:grid lg:col-span-3 print:hidden border-s border-stone-300 dark:border-shark-900 dark:bg-darky" data-astro-cid-ssfzsv2f> <div class="flex h-full px-5 overflow-y-auto sm:w-64 w-80 font-sans" data-astro-cid-ssfzsv2f> <nav class="-mx-3 space-y-8 pb-36" data-astro-cid-ssfzsv2f> <div class="space-y-1" data-astro-cid-ssfzsv2f> <label for="pharaohs" class="px-3 text-base font-bold text-stone-800 uppercase dark:text-shark-400" data-astro-cid-ssfzsv2f>Pharaohs</label> <a class="list-link" href="/ancient-egypt/pharaohs" data-astro-cid-ssfzsv2f>Pharaohs</a> <a class="list-link" href="/ancient-egypt/dynasties" data-astro-cid-ssfzsv2f>Dynasties</a> <a class="list-link" href="/ancient-egypt/chronology" data-astro-cid-ssfzsv2f>Chronology</a> </div> <div class="space-y-1" data-astro-cid-ssfzsv2f> <label for="Egyptian king lists" class="px-3 text-base font-bold text-stone-800/80 uppercase dark:text-shark-400" data-astro-cid-ssfzsv2f>Egyptian king lists</label> <a class="list-link" href="/ancient-egypt/kinglists" data-astro-cid-ssfzsv2f>Overview</a> <a class="list-link" href="/ancient-egypt/kinglist/abydos-canon" data-astro-cid-ssfzsv2f>Abydos Canon</a> <a class="list-link" href="/ancient-egypt/kinglist/karnak-canon" data-astro-cid-ssfzsv2f>Karnak Canon</a> <a class="list-link" href="/ancient-egypt/kinglist/saqqara-canon" data-astro-cid-ssfzsv2f>Saqqara Canon</a> <a class="list-link" href="/ancient-egypt/kinglist/compare-canons" data-astro-cid-ssfzsv2f>Compare canons</a> <a class="list-link" href="/ancient-egypt/kinglist/medinet-habu-canon" data-astro-cid-ssfzsv2f>Medinet Habu Canon</a> <a class="list-link" href="/ancient-egypt/kinglist/ramesseum-canon" data-astro-cid-ssfzsv2f>Ramesseum Canon</a> <a class="list-link" href="/ancient-egypt/kinglist/marseille" data-astro-cid-ssfzsv2f>Marseille offering table</a> <a class="list-link" href="/ancient-egypt/kinglist/other" data-astro-cid-ssfzsv2f>Minor king lists</a> </div> <div class="space-y-1" data-astro-cid-ssfzsv2f> <label for="Turin king list" class="px-3 text-base font-bold text-stone-800/80 uppercase dark:text-shark-400" data-astro-cid-ssfzsv2f>Turin king list</label> <a class="list-link" href="/ancient-egypt/kinglist/turin" data-astro-cid-ssfzsv2f>Overview</a> <a class="list-link" href="/ancient-egypt/kinglist/turin-history" data-astro-cid-ssfzsv2f>History</a> <a class="list-link" href="/ancient-egypt/kinglist/turin-contents" data-astro-cid-ssfzsv2f>Contents</a> <a class="list-link" href="/ancient-egypt/kinglist/turin-fragments" data-astro-cid-ssfzsv2f>Fragments</a> <a class="list-link" href="/ancient-egypt/kinglist/turin-vorlage" data-astro-cid-ssfzsv2f>Vorlage</a> <a class="list-link" href="/ancient-egypt/kinglist/turin-gallery" data-astro-cid-ssfzsv2f>Gallery</a> <a class="list-link" href="/ancient-egypt/kinglist/turin-recto" data-astro-cid-ssfzsv2f>Recto</a> <a class="list-link" href="/ancient-egypt/kinglist/turin/library" data-astro-cid-ssfzsv2f>Library</a> </div> <div class="space-y-1" data-astro-cid-ssfzsv2f> <label for="Historians" class="px-3 text-base font-bold text-stone-800 uppercase dark:text-shark-400" data-astro-cid-ssfzsv2f>Historians</label> <a class="list-link" href="/ancient-egypt/kinglist/herodotus" data-astro-cid-ssfzsv2f>Herodotus</a> <a class="list-link" href="/ancient-egypt/kinglist/manetho" data-astro-cid-ssfzsv2f>Manetho</a> <a class="list-link" href="/ancient-egypt/kinglist/manetho-king-list" data-astro-cid-ssfzsv2f>Manetho’s king list</a> <a class="list-link" href="/ancient-egypt/kinglist/africanus" data-astro-cid-ssfzsv2f>Africanus</a> <a class="list-link" href="/ancient-egypt/kinglist/eusebius" data-astro-cid-ssfzsv2f>Eusebius</a> <a class="list-link" href="/ancient-egypt/kinglist/josephus" data-astro-cid-ssfzsv2f>Josephus</a> <a class="list-link" href="/ancient-egypt/kinglist/diodorus" data-astro-cid-ssfzsv2f>Diodorus</a> <a class="list-link" href="/ancient-egypt/kinglist/jerome" data-astro-cid-ssfzsv2f>St. Jerome</a> <a class="list-link" href="/ancient-egypt/kinglist/eratosthenes" data-astro-cid-ssfzsv2f>Eratosthenes</a> <a class="list-link" href="/ancient-egypt/kinglist/syncellus" data-astro-cid-ssfzsv2f>Syncellus</a> </div> <div class="space-y-1" data-astro-cid-ssfzsv2f> <label for="Ancient Egypt: Miscellaneous" class="px-3 text-base font-bold text-stone-800 uppercase dark:text-shark-400" data-astro-cid-ssfzsv2f>Ancient Egypt</label> <a class="list-link" href="/ancient-egypt/obelisks" data-astro-cid-ssfzsv2f>Obelisks</a> <a class="list-link" href="/ancient-egypt/temples-and-monuments" data-astro-cid-ssfzsv2f>Monuments & Temples</a> <a class="list-link" href="/ancient-egypt/hieroglyphs" data-astro-cid-ssfzsv2f>Hieroglyphs</a> <a class="list-link" href="/ancient-egypt/cartography" data-astro-cid-ssfzsv2f>Cartography</a> <a class="list-link" href="/ancient-egypt/egyptology" data-astro-cid-ssfzsv2f>Egyptology</a> <a class="list-link" href="/ancient-egypt/titles-and-epithets" data-astro-cid-ssfzsv2f>Titles & epithets</a> <a class="list-link" href="/ancient-egypt/book-series" data-astro-cid-ssfzsv2f>Important books</a>  <a class="list-link" href="/ancient-egypt/battle-of-kadesh" data-astro-cid-ssfzsv2f>Battle of Kadesh</a> <a class="list-link" href="/ancient-egypt/bibliography" data-astro-cid-ssfzsv2f>Bibliography</a> </div> <div class="space-y-1" data-astro-cid-ssfzsv2f> <label for="Ancient Egypt Periods" class="px-3 text-base font-bold text-stone-800 uppercase dark:text-shark-400" data-astro-cid-ssfzsv2f>Periods</label> <a class="list-link" href="/ancient-egypt/period/old-kingdom" data-astro-cid-ssfzsv2f>Old Kingdom</a> <a class="list-link" href="/ancient-egypt/period/first-intermediate-period" data-astro-cid-ssfzsv2f>First Intermediate</a> <a class="list-link" href="/ancient-egypt/period/middle-kingdom" data-astro-cid-ssfzsv2f>Middle Kingdom</a> <a class="list-link" href="/ancient-egypt/period/second-intermediate-period" data-astro-cid-ssfzsv2f>Second Intermediate</a> <a class="list-link" href="/ancient-egypt/period/new-kingdom" data-astro-cid-ssfzsv2f>New Kingdom</a> <a class="list-link" href="/ancient-egypt/period/third-intermediate-period" data-astro-cid-ssfzsv2f>Third Intermediate</a> <a class="list-link" href="/ancient-egypt/period/late-period" data-astro-cid-ssfzsv2f>Late Period</a> <a class="list-link" href="/ancient-egypt/period/roman-emperors" data-astro-cid-ssfzsv2f>Roman Egypt</a> <a class="list-link" href="/ancient-egypt/period/unplaced-kings" data-astro-cid-ssfzsv2f>Unplaced kings</a> </div> <div class="space-y-1" data-astro-cid-ssfzsv2f> <label for="About these pages" class="px-3 text-base font-bold text-stone-800 uppercase dark:text-shark-400" data-astro-cid-ssfzsv2f>Pharaoh.se</label>  <a class="list-link" href="/ancient-egypt/curiosities" data-astro-cid-ssfzsv2f>Curiosities</a> <a class="list-link" href="/privacy" data-astro-cid-ssfzsv2f>Privacy</a> <a class="list-link" href="/about" data-astro-cid-ssfzsv2f>About / Contact</a> </div> </nav> </div> </aside> </div> </div> <footer class="g2 text-stone-100 print:hidden"> <div class="text-center font-sans container mx-auto pb-20 sm:pb-0"> <div class="flex flex-col gap-x-10 sm:flex-row flex-wrap items-center justify-center min-h-[320px]"> <div class="flex-0 w-28 place-items-end my-5 sm:my-0"> <a href="/" class="no-underline"><img 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