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pathotypes</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: pathotypes"> <meta name="keywords" content="pathotypes"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler 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style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4</span> Varietal Screening of Watermelon against Powdery Mildew Disease and Its Management</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Asim%20Abbasi">Asim Abbasi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amer%20Habib"> Amer Habib</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sajid%20Hussain"> Sajid Hussain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Sufyan"> Muhammad Sufyan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Iqra"> Iqra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hasnain%20Sajjad"> Hasnain Sajjad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Except for few scattered cases, powdery mildew disease was not a big problem for watermelon in the past but with the outbreaks of its pathotypes, races 1W and 2W, this disease becomes a serious issue all around the globe. The severe outbreak of this disease also increased the rate of fungicide application for its proper management. Twelve varieties of watermelon were screened in Research Area of Department of Plant pathology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad to check the incidence of powdery mildew disease. Disease inoculum was prepared and applied with the help of foliar spray method. Fungicides and plants extracts were also applied after the disease incidence. Percentage leaf surface area diseased was assessed visually with a modified Horsfall-Barratt scale. The results of the experiment revealed that among all varieties, WT2257 and Zcugma F1 were highly resistant showing less than 5% disease incidence while Anar Kali and Sugar baby were highly susceptible with disease incidence of more than 65%. Among botanicals neem extract gave best results with disease incidence of less than 20%. Besides neem, all other botanicals also gave significant control of powdery mildew disease than the untreated check. In case of fungicides, Gemstar showed least disease incidence i.e. < 10%, however besides control maximum disease incidence was observed in Curzate (> 30%). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=botanicals" title="botanicals">botanicals</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fungicides" title=" fungicides"> fungicides</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pathotypes" title=" pathotypes"> pathotypes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=powdery%20mildew" title=" powdery mildew"> powdery mildew</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/79893/varietal-screening-of-watermelon-against-powdery-mildew-disease-and-its-management" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/79893.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">297</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3</span> Microbial Analysis of Street Vended Ready-to-Eat Meat around Thohoyandou Area, Vhembe District, Limpopo Province, RSA</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tshimangadzo%20Jeanette%20Raedani">Tshimangadzo Jeanette Raedani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Edgar%20Musie"> Edgar Musie</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Afsatou%20Traore"> Afsatou Traore</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Street-vended meats, including chicken, pork, and beef, are popular in urban areas worldwide due to their convenience and affordability. However, these meats often pose a significant risk of foodborne diseases. The high water activity, protein content, and nearly neutral pH of meat create conditions conducive to the growth of pathogenic bacteria. Street foods, particularly meats, are frequently linked to outbreaks of foodborne illnesses due to potential contamination from improper handling and preparation. This study aimed to assess the microbial quality and safety of street-vended ready-to-eat meat sold in the Thohoyandou area. Method: The study involved collecting 168 samples of street-vended meat, split evenly between chicken (n=84) and beef (n=84), from various vendors around Thohoyandou. The samples were randomly selected and transported in sterile conditions to the Department of Food Microbiology at the University of Venda for analysis. Each 10-gram sample was cultured in selective media: MSA for Staphylococcus aureus, EMB for E. coli O157, XLD agar for Salmonella, and Sorbitol McConkey for Shigella. After initial culturing, the presumptive colonies were sub-cultured for purification and identified through Gram staining and biochemical tests, including Catalase, API 20E, Klingler Iron Agar Test, and Vitek 2 system. Antibiotic susceptibility was tested using agents such as Ampicillin, Chloramphenicol, Penicillin, Neomycin, Tetracycline, Streptomycin, and Amoxicillin. Molecular characterization was performed to identify E. coli pathotypes using multiplex PCR. Results: Out of 168 samples tested, 32 (19%) were positive for Staphylococcus spp., with the highest prevalence found in cooked chicken meat. The most common staphylococcus species identified were S. xylosus (13.2%) and S. saprophyticus (10.5%). E. coli was present in 29 (19.3%) of the samples, with the highest prevalence in fried chicken. Antibiotic susceptibility testing showed that 100% of E. coli isolates were resistant to Ampicillin, Tetracycline, and Penicillin, but 100% were susceptible to Neomycin. Staphylococcus spp. isolates were also 100% resistant to Ampicillin and 100% susceptible to Neomycin. The study detected a range of virulence genes in E. coli, with prevalence rates from 13.33% to 86.67%. The identified pathotypes included EPEC, EHEC, ETEC, EAEC, and EIEC, with many isolates showing mixed pathotypes. Conclusion: The study highlighted that the microbial quality and safety of street-vended meats in Thohoyandou are inadequate, rendering them unsafe for consumption. The presence of pathogenic microorganisms in both beef and chicken samples indicates significant risks associated with poor personal hygiene and food preparation practices. This underscores the need for improved monitoring and stricter food safety measures to prevent foodborne diseases and ensure consumer safety. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=meat" title="meat">meat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microbial%20analysis" title=" microbial analysis"> microbial analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=street%20vendors" title=" street vendors"> street vendors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20coli" title=" E. coli"> E. coli</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/190231/microbial-analysis-of-street-vended-ready-to-eat-meat-around-thohoyandou-area-vhembe-district-limpopo-province-rsa" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/190231.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">27</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2</span> Unraveling the Evolution of Mycoplasma Hominis Through Its Genome Sequence</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Boutheina%20Ben%20Abdelmoumen%20Mardassi">Boutheina Ben Abdelmoumen Mardassi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Salim%20Chibani"> Salim Chibani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Safa%20Boujemaa"> Safa Boujemaa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amaury%20Vaysse"> Amaury Vaysse</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Julien%20Guglielmini"> Julien Guglielmini</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elhem%20Yacoub"> Elhem Yacoub</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background and aim: Mycoplasma hominis (MH) is a pathogenic bacterium belonging to the Mollicutes class. It causes a wide range of gynecological infections and infertility among adults. Recently, we have explored for the first time the phylodistribution of Tunisian M. hominis clinical strains using an expanded MLST. We have demonstrated their distinction into two pure lineages, which each corresponding to a specific pathotype: genital infections and infertility. The aim of this project is to gain further insight into the evolutionary dynamics and the specific genetic factors that distinguish MH pathotypes Methods: Whole genome sequencing of Mycoplasma hominis clinical strains was performed using illumina Miseq. Denovo assembly was performed using a publicly available in-house pipeline. We used prokka to annotate the genomes, panaroo to generate the gene presence matrix and Jolytree to establish the phylogenetic tree. We used treeWAS to identify genetic loci associated with the pathothype of interest from the presence matrix and phylogenetic tree. Results: Our results revealed a clear categorization of the 62 MH clinical strains into two distinct genetic lineages, with each corresponding to a specific pathotype.; gynecological infections and infertility[AV1] . Genome annotation showed that GC content is ranging between 26 and 27%, which is a known characteristic of Mycoplasma genome. Housekeeping genes belonging to the core genome are highly conserved among our strains. TreeWas identified 4 virulence genes associated with the pathotype gynecological infection. encoding for asparagine--tRNA ligase, restriction endonuclease subunit S, Eco47II restriction endonuclease, and transcription regulator XRE (involved in tolerance to oxidative stress). Five genes have been identified that have a statistical association with infertility, tow lipoprotein, one hypothetical protein, a glycosyl transferase involved in capsule synthesis, and pyruvate kinase involved in biofilm formation. All strains harbored an efflux pomp that belongs to the family of multidrug resistance ABC transporter, which confers resistance to a wide range of antibiotics. Indeed many adhesion factors and lipoproteins (p120, p120', p60, p80, Vaa) have been checked and confirmed in our strains with a relatively 99 % to 96 % conserved domain and hypervariable domain that represent 1 to 4 % of the reference sequence extracted from gene bank. Conclusion: In summary, this study led to the identification of specific genetic loci associated with distinct pathotypes in M hominis. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mycoplasma%20hominis" title="mycoplasma hominis">mycoplasma hominis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=infertility" title=" infertility"> infertility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gynecological%20infections" title=" gynecological infections"> gynecological infections</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=virulence%20genes" title=" virulence genes"> virulence genes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antibiotic%20resistance" title=" antibiotic resistance"> antibiotic resistance</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167070/unraveling-the-evolution-of-mycoplasma-hominis-through-its-genome-sequence" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167070.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">96</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1</span> Pathogenic Escherichia Coli Strains and Their Antibiotic Susceptibility Profiles in Cases of Child Diarrhea at Addis Ababa University, College of Health Sciences, Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Benyam%20Zenebe">Benyam Zenebe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tesfaye%20Sisay"> Tesfaye Sisay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gurja%20Belay"> Gurja Belay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Workabeba%20Abebe"> Workabeba Abebe</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: The prevalence and antibiogram of pathogenic E. coli strains, which cause diarrhea vary from region to region, and even within countries in the same geographical area. In Ethiopia, diagnostic approaches to E. coli induced diarrhea in children less than five years of age are not standardized. The aim of this study was to determine the involvement of pathogenic E. coli strains in child diarrhea and determine the antibiograms of the isolates in children less than 5 years of age with diarrhea at Addis Ababa University College of Health Sciences TikurAnbessa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods: A purposive study that included 98 diarrheic children less than five years of age was conducted at Addis Ababa University College of Health Sciences, TikurAnbessa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia to detect pathogenic E. coli biotypes. Stool culture was used to identify presumptive E. coliisolates. Presumptive isolates were confirmed by biochemical tests, and antimicrobial susceptibility tests were performed on confirmed E. coli isolates by the disk diffusion method. DNA was extracted from confirmed isolates by a heating method and subjected to Polymerase Chain Reaction or the presence of virulence genes. Amplified PCR products were analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis. Data were collected on child demographics and clinical conditions using administered questionnaires. The prevalence of E. coli strains from the total diarrheic children, and the prevalence of pathogenic strains from total E. coli isolates along with their susceptibility profiles; the distribution of pathogenic E.coli biotypes among different age groups and between the sexes were determined by using descriptive statistics. Result: Out of 98 stool specimens collected from diarrheic children less than 5 years of age, 75 presumptive E. coli isolates were identified by culture; further confirmation by biochemical tests showed that only 56 of the isolates were E. coli; 29 of the isolates were found in male children and 27 of them in female children. Out of the 58 isolates of E. coli, 25 pathotypes belonging to different classes of pathogenic strains: STEC, EPEC, EHEC, EAEC were detected by using the PCR technique. Pathogenic E. coli exhibited high rates of antibiotic resistance to many of the antibiotics tested. Moreover, they exhibited multiple drug resistance. Conclusion: This study found that the isolation rate of E. coli and the involvement of antibiotic-resistant pathogenic E. coli in diarrheic children is prominent, and hence focus should be given on the diagnosis and antimicrobial sensitivity testing of pathogenic E. coli at Addis Ababa University College of Health Sciences TikurAnbessa Specialized Hospital. Among antibiotics tested, Cefotitan could be a drug of choice to treat E. coli. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antibiotic%20susceptibility%20profile" title="antibiotic susceptibility profile">antibiotic susceptibility profile</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=children" title=" children"> children</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diarrhea" title=" diarrhea"> diarrhea</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20coli" title=" E. coli"> E. coli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pathogenic" title=" pathogenic"> pathogenic</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/129154/pathogenic-escherichia-coli-strains-and-their-antibiotic-susceptibility-profiles-in-cases-of-child-diarrhea-at-addis-ababa-university-college-of-health-sciences-tikur-anbessa-specialized-hospital-addis-ababa-ethiopia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/129154.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">234</span> </span> </div> </div> </div> </main> <footer> <div id="infolinks" class="pt-3 pb-2"> <div class="container"> <div style="background-color:#f5f5f5;" class="p-3"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> About <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">About Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support#legal-information">Legal</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/WASET-16th-foundational-anniversary.pdf">WASET celebrates its 16th foundational anniversary</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Account <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile">My Account</a></li> </ul> </div> <div 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