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class="vector-toc-link" href="#Design_process_and_city_approvals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1.2 Design process and city approvals </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Design_process_and_city_approvals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Construction" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Construction"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Construction </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Construction-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Early_years" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_years"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 Early years </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_years-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Opening" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Opening"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3.1 Opening </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Opening-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1978_engineering_crisis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1978_engineering_crisis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3.2 1978 engineering crisis </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1978_engineering_crisis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1980s_and_1990s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1980s_and_1990s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3.3 1980s and 1990s </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1980s_and_1990s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-21st_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#21st_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4 21st century </div> </a> <ul id="toc-21st_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Architecture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Architecture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Architecture </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Architecture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Architecture subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Architecture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Form_and_facade" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Form_and_facade"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Form and facade </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Form_and_facade-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Roof" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Roof"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1.1 Roof </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Roof-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Plaza" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Plaza"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Plaza </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Plaza-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-St._Peter's_Lutheran_Church" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#St._Peter's_Lutheran_Church"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2.1 St. Peter's Lutheran Church </div> </a> <ul id="toc-St._Peter's_Lutheran_Church-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Structural_features" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Structural_features"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 Structural features </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Structural_features-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Stilts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Stilts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3.1 Stilts </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Stilts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chevrons" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chevrons"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3.2 Chevrons </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chevrons-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Interior" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Interior"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4 Interior </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Interior-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Base" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Base"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4.1 Base </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Base-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mechanical_features" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mechanical_features"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4.2 Mechanical features </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mechanical_features-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Impact" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Impact"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Impact </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Impact-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Impact subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Impact-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Reception" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reception"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Reception </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reception-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Awards_and_use_as_icon" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Awards_and_use_as_icon"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Awards and use as icon </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Awards_and_use_as_icon-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 References </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle References subsection </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 Citations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.3 Sources </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Citigroup Center</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 30 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-30" aria-hidden="true" > 30 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citigroup_Center" title="Citigroup Center – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Citigroup Center" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citigroup_Center" title="Citigroup Center – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Citigroup Center" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citigroup_Center" title="Citigroup Center – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Citigroup Center" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citigroup_Center" title="Citigroup Center – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Citigroup Center" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citigroup_Center" title="Citigroup Center – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Citigroup Center" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citigroup_Center" title="Citigroup Center – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Citigroup Center" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citigroup_Center_(New_York)" title="Citigroup Center (New York) – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Citigroup Center (New York)" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%AA%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%DA%AF%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%BE_%D8%B3%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%B1" title="ساختمان سیتی‌گروپ سنتر – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ساختمان سیتی‌گروپ سنتر" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citigroup_Center" title="Citigroup Center – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Citigroup Center" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%8B%9C%ED%8B%B0%EA%B7%B8%EB%A3%B9_%EC%84%BC%ED%84%B0_(%EB%89%B4%EC%9A%95)" title="시티그룹 센터 (뉴욕) – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="시티그룹 센터 (뉴욕)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citigroup_Center_(New_York)" title="Citigroup Center (New York) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Citigroup Center (New York)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%92%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9E_%E1%83%AA%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="სიტიგრუპ ცენტრი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="სიტიგრუპ ცენტრი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citigroup_Center" title="Citigroup Center – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Citigroup Center" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%B2_%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%AA%D9%89_%D8%AC%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A8_(%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B7%D8%AD%D8%A9_%D8%B3%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%A8_%D9%81%D9%89_%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%A7)" title="مركز سيتى جروب (ناطحة سحاب فى امريكا) – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="مركز سيتى جروب (ناطحة سحاب فى امريكا)" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citigroup_Center_(New_York)" title="Citigroup Center (New York) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Citigroup Center (New York)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B7%E3%83%86%E3%82%A3%E3%82%B0%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BC%E3%83%97%E3%83%BB%E3%82%BB%E3%83%B3%E3%82%BF%E3%83%BC" title="シティグループ・センター – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="シティグループ・センター" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citigroup_Center" title="Citigroup Center – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Citigroup Center" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citigroup_Center_(Nowy_Jork)" title="Citigroup Center (Nowy Jork) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Citigroup Center (Nowy Jork)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citigroup_Center" title="Citigroup Center – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Citigroup Center" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citigroup_Center" title="Citigroup Center – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Citigroup Center" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B3%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BF-%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80" title="Ситигруп-центр – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ситигруп-центр" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citigroup_Center" title="Citigroup Center – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Citigroup Center" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citigroup_Center" title="Citigroup Center – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Citigroup Center" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citigroup_Center" title="Citigroup Center – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Citigroup Center" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citigroup_Center" title="Citigroup Center – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Citigroup Center" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%9B%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8B%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="ซิตีกรุปเซ็นเตอร์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ซิตีกรุปเซ็นเตอร์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citigroup_Center" title="Citigroup Center – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Citigroup Center" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%96%D1%82%D1%96%D0%B3%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BF-%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80_(%D0%9D%D1%8C%D1%8E-%D0%99%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BA)" title="Сітігруп-центр (Нью-Йорк) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Сітігруп-центр (Нью-Йорк)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citigroup_Center" title="Citigroup Center – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Citigroup Center" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li 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<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Citigroup_Center&params=40_45_31_N_73_58_13_W_region:US_type:landmark">40°45′31″N 73°58′13″W / 40.75861°N 73.97028°W / 40.75861; -73.97028</a></div></div> <div id="mw-indicator-featured-star" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Featured_articles*" title="This is a featured article. Click here for more information."><img alt="Featured article" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/20px-Cscr-featured.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/30px-Cscr-featured.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/40px-Cscr-featured.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="466" data-file-height="443" /></a></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Office skyscraper in Manhattan, New York</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For similarly named buildings, see <a href="/wiki/Citigroup_Center_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Citigroup Center (disambiguation)">Citigroup Center (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org">Citigroup Center 601 Lexington Avenue</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/File:Citigroup_center.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Citigroup_center.jpg/250px-Citigroup_center.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="313" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Citigroup_center.jpg/375px-Citigroup_center.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/12/Citigroup_center.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="500" /></a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="text-align: center"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 250px; height: 200px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="250" data-height="200" data-zoom="13" data-overlays="["_689177b7fca86dcb6eb73b7d06c345be2db6cf32"]"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,13,a,a,250x200.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Citigroup_Center&revid=1251738510&groups=_689177b7fca86dcb6eb73b7d06c345be2db6cf32" width="250" height="200" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,13,a,a,250x200@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Citigroup_Center&revid=1251738510&groups=_689177b7fca86dcb6eb73b7d06c345be2db6cf32 2x" alt="Map" /></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Former names</th><td class="infobox-data nickname">Citicorp Center</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#ededed">General information</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data category">Office</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data label">153 East <a href="/wiki/53rd_Street_(Manhattan)" title="53rd Street (Manhattan)">53rd Street</a>, New York, NY 10022</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Citigroup_Center&params=40_45_31_N_73_58_13_W_region:US_type:landmark">40°45′31″N 73°58′13″W / 40.75861°N 73.97028°W / 40.75861; -73.97028</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Construction started</th><td class="infobox-data">April 1974</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Topped-out</th><td class="infobox-data">October 6, 1976</td></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Completed</th><td class="infobox-data">1977</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Opening</th><td class="infobox-data">October 12, 1977; 47 years ago (1977-10-12)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Cost</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/United_States_dollar" title="United States dollar">US$</a>195 million (equivalent to $765 million in 2023)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Owner</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Boston_Properties" class="mw-redirect" title="Boston Properties">Boston Properties</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#ededed">Height</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Architectural</th><td class="infobox-data">915 ft (279 m)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#ededed">Technical details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Floor count</th><td class="infobox-data">59</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Floor area</th><td class="infobox-data">1,654,020 sq ft (153,663 m2)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Lifts/elevators</th><td class="infobox-data">38</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#ededed">Design and construction</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Architect(s)</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Stubbins" title="Hugh Stubbins">Hugh Stubbins</a>, <a href="/wiki/Emery_Roth_%26_Sons" class="mw-redirect" title="Emery Roth & Sons">Emery Roth & Sons</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Developer</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Citicorp" class="mw-redirect" title="Citicorp">Citicorp</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Structural engineer</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/William_LeMessurier" title="William LeMessurier">William LeMessurier</a>, James Ruderman</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#ededed">References</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="#cite_note-skyscraperCenter-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-Emporis-2">[2]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><div style="border:4px solid #FFE978; line-height: 1.5; text-align: center;"> <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Landmark" class="mw-redirect" title="New York City Landmark">New York City Landmark</a></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Designated</th><td class="infobox-data">December 6, 2016<a href="#cite_note-NYCL_p._1-3">[3]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Reference no.</th><td class="infobox-data">2582<a href="#cite_note-NYCL_p._1-3">[3]</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><th colspan="2"> </th></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> The Citigroup Center (formerly Citicorp Center and also known by its address, 601 Lexington Avenue) is an office skyscraper in the <a href="/wiki/Midtown_Manhattan" title="Midtown Manhattan">Midtown Manhattan</a> neighborhood of <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>. Built in 1977 for <a href="/wiki/Citibank" title="Citibank">Citibank</a>, it is 915 feet (279 m) tall and has 1.3 million square feet (120,000 m2) of office space across 59 floors. The building was designed by architect <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Stubbins" title="Hugh Stubbins">Hugh Stubbins</a>, associate architect <a href="/wiki/Emery_Roth_%26_Sons" class="mw-redirect" title="Emery Roth & Sons">Emery Roth & Sons</a>, and structural engineer <a href="/wiki/William_LeMessurier" title="William LeMessurier">William LeMessurier</a>. The Citigroup Center takes up much of a city block bounded clockwise from the west by <a href="/wiki/Lexington_Avenue" title="Lexington Avenue">Lexington Avenue</a>, <a href="/wiki/54th_Street_(Manhattan)" title="54th Street (Manhattan)">54th Street</a>, <a href="/wiki/Third_Avenue" title="Third Avenue">Third Avenue</a>, and <a href="/wiki/53rd_Street_(Manhattan)" title="53rd Street (Manhattan)">53rd Street</a>. Land acquisition took place from 1968 to 1973; St. Peter's Church sold its plot on the condition that a new church building be constructed at the base of the tower. The design was announced in July 1973, and the structure was completed in October 1977. Less than a year after completion, <a href="/wiki/Citicorp_Center_engineering_crisis" title="Citicorp Center engineering crisis">the structure had to be strengthened</a> when it was discovered that, due to a design flaw, the building was vulnerable to collapse in high winds. The building was acquired by <a href="/wiki/Boston_Properties" class="mw-redirect" title="Boston Properties">Boston Properties</a> in 2001, and Citicorp Center was renamed 601 Lexington Avenue in the 2000s. The <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Landmarks_Preservation_Commission" title="New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission">New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission</a> designated the Citigroup Center as a city landmark in 2016. The building's public spaces underwent renovations in 1995 and 2017. The tower's base includes four giant <a href="/wiki/Stilts_(architecture)" title="Stilts (architecture)">stilts</a>, which are placed mid-wall rather than at the building's corners. Its roof is sloped at a 45-degree angle. East of the tower is a six-story office annex. The northwest corner of the tower overhangs St. Peter's Evangelical Lutheran Church at Lexington Avenue and 54th Street, a granite structure designed by Stubbins. Also at the base is a sunken plaza, a shopping concourse, and entrances to the church and the <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Subway" title="New York City Subway">New York City Subway</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Lexington_Avenue/51st_Street_station" title="Lexington Avenue/51st Street station">Lexington Avenue/51st Street station</a>. The upper stories are supported by stacked load-bearing braces in the form of inverted <a href="/wiki/Chevron_(insignia)" title="Chevron (insignia)">chevrons</a>. Upon the Citigroup Center's completion, it received mixed reviews, as well as architectural awards. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Site">Site</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Citigroup_Center&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Site">edit</a>]</div> The Citigroup Center is at 601 Lexington Avenue in the <a href="/wiki/Midtown_Manhattan" title="Midtown Manhattan">Midtown Manhattan</a> neighborhood of <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>.<a href="#cite_note-aia5-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-NYCL_p._1-3">[3]</a> It takes up the majority of a <a href="/wiki/City_block" title="City block">city block</a> bounded by <a href="/wiki/Lexington_Avenue" title="Lexington Avenue">Lexington Avenue</a> to the west, <a href="/wiki/54th_Street_(Manhattan)" title="54th Street (Manhattan)">54th Street</a> to the north, <a href="/wiki/Third_Avenue" title="Third Avenue">Third Avenue</a> to the east, and <a href="/wiki/53rd_Street_(Manhattan)" title="53rd Street (Manhattan)">53rd Street</a> to the south.<a href="#cite_note-ZoLa-5">[5]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Land_lot" title="Land lot">land lot</a> covers 70,572 sq ft (6,556.4 m2) with a <a href="/wiki/Frontage" title="Frontage">frontage</a> of 200 ft (61 m) on Lexington Avenue and a west–east length of 325 ft (99 m).<a href="#cite_note-ZoLa-5">[5]</a> The building shares the block with 880 Third Avenue, an 18-story structure at 53rd Street and Third Avenue.<a href="#cite_note-NYCL_p._5-6">[6]</a> Other nearby buildings include <a href="/wiki/599_Lexington_Avenue" title="599 Lexington Avenue">599 Lexington Avenue</a> to the south, <a href="/wiki/100_East_53rd_Street" class="mw-redirect" title="100 East 53rd Street">100 East 53rd Street</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Seagram_Building" title="Seagram Building">Seagram Building</a> to the southwest, <a href="/wiki/399_Park_Avenue" title="399 Park Avenue">399 Park Avenue</a> to the west, the <a href="/wiki/Central_Synagogue_(Manhattan)" title="Central Synagogue (Manhattan)">Central Synagogue</a> to the northwest, and the <a href="/wiki/Lipstick_Building" title="Lipstick Building">Lipstick Building</a> to the east.<a href="#cite_note-ZoLa-5">[5]</a> The <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Subway" title="New York City Subway">New York City Subway</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Lexington_Avenue/51st_Street_station" title="Lexington Avenue/51st Street station">Lexington Avenue/51st Street station</a> is directly underneath the building.<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a> Thirty-one parcels were acquired and cleared to make way for the development.<a href="#cite_note-NYCL_p._5-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-Hellman_p._32-8">[8]</a> The 54th Street frontage was largely occupied by <a href="/wiki/Brownstone" title="Brownstone">brownstone</a> houses.<a href="#cite_note-Hellman_p._34-9">[9]</a> Some of the other lots contained commercial spaces, ranging from small shops to the upscale Cafe Chauveron.<a href="#cite_note-Hellman_p._34-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-Stern_(1995)_p._490-10">[10]</a> The site also included the Medical Chambers on 54th Street, which was owned by a <a href="/wiki/Cooperative" title="Cooperative">cooperative</a> of doctors.<a href="#cite_note-Hellman_p._34-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-nyt19710131-11">[11]</a> St. Peter's Evangelical Lutheran Church occupied the corner of Lexington Avenue and 54th Street;<a href="#cite_note-NYCL_p._5-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-Hellman_p._31-12">[12]</a> its sanctuary was rebuilt when the Citigroup Center was developed.<a href="#cite_note-NYCL_p._12-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-Stern_(1995)_p._490-10">[10]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Street_furniture">Street furniture</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Citigroup_Center&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Street furniture">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Citicorp_Center_Oct_2020_07.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Custom pylon at the northeast corner of Lexington Avenue and 53rd Street. The pylon is square and painted gray. There are pedestrian traffic signals embedded into the sides of the pylon." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Citicorp_Center_Oct_2020_07.jpg/220px-Citicorp_Center_Oct_2020_07.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Citicorp_Center_Oct_2020_07.jpg/330px-Citicorp_Center_Oct_2020_07.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Citicorp_Center_Oct_2020_07.jpg/440px-Citicorp_Center_Oct_2020_07.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>Custom pedestrian traffic signal pylon, northeast corner of Lexington Avenue and 53rd Street</figcaption></figure> Custom street furniture—including newsstands, flagpoles, and streetlight pylons—was designed for the sidewalks around the Citigroup Center.<a href="#cite_note-NYCL_p._11-14">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-Stern_(1995)_p._496-15">[15]</a> New Jersey–based company Designetics designed pylons with a cruciform cross-section and street lamps at the top. Seven lighting pylons are placed along the streets that surround the block. Three custom pylons—at the northwest, northeast, and southwest corners of the block<a href="#cite_note-16">[a]</a>—include pedestrian and vehicular traffic lights.<a href="#cite_note-nyt19780618-17">[16]</a> The pylons were initially designed with a "glossy black finish" that contrasted with the tower's aluminum <a href="/wiki/Facade" class="mw-redirect" title="Facade">facade</a>;<a href="#cite_note-NYCL_p._11-14">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-Stern_(1995)_p._496-15">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-nyt19780618-17">[16]</a> by 2016, they had been painted gray.<a href="#cite_note-NYCL_p._11-14">[14]</a> <a href="/wiki/The_New_Yorker" title="The New Yorker">The New Yorker</a> described the pylons in 2017 as "sculptural towers worthy of Brancusi".<a href="#cite_note-Monchaux-18">[17]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Citigroup_Center&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Citibank" title="Citibank">First National City Bank</a> (later Citibank) was founded in 1812<a href="#cite_note-19">[18]</a> and, for over a century, had its headquarters in the <a href="/wiki/Financial_District,_Manhattan" title="Financial District, Manhattan">Financial District</a> of <a href="/wiki/Lower_Manhattan" title="Lower Manhattan">Lower Manhattan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-NYCL_p._5-6">[6]</a> The company was headquartered at 52 Wall Street<a href="#cite_note-20">[19]</a> until 1908, when it moved to <a href="/wiki/55_Wall_Street" title="55 Wall Street">55 Wall Street</a>.<a href="#cite_note-21">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-22">[21]</a> After National City Bank and the Farmers' Loan and Trust Company merged in 1929,<a href="#cite_note-23">[22]</a> the new company, City Bank Farmers Trust, moved into a new structure at <a href="/wiki/20_Exchange_Place" title="20 Exchange Place">20 Exchange Place</a>, which was completed in 1931,<a href="#cite_note-nyt19310225-24">[23]</a> and opened a Midtown office at 399 Park Avenue, one block west of the present Citigroup Center, in 1961.<a href="#cite_note-25">[24]</a> On the northwestern corner of the future Citigroup Center site was St. Peter's Lutheran Church, which had been founded in 1862 as a German-speaking congregation.<a href="#cite_note-NYCL_p._5-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-26">[b]</a> The St. Peter's congregation occupied a building at Lexington Avenue and 46th Street from 1871 to 1902, when it was demolished for the <a href="/wiki/Construction_of_Grand_Central_Terminal" class="mw-redirect" title="Construction of Grand Central Terminal">construction of Grand Central Terminal</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Hellman_p._31-12">[12]</a> This prompted the congregation to move to a Gothic building designed by John G. Michel and P. Brandner,<a href="#cite_note-27">[25]</a> which was completed in 1905.<a href="#cite_note-NYCL_p._5-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-Hellman_p._31-12">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-28">[26]</a> The congregation, which at its peak had a membership of over one thousand, had decreased to below 300 by the 1960s, prompting the congregation to consider relocating to near the <a href="/wiki/Headquarters_of_the_United_Nations" title="Headquarters of the United Nations">United Nations headquarters</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Hellman_p._31-12">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-Stern_(1995)_p._490-10">[10]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Planning">Planning</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Citigroup_Center&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Planning">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Site_acquisition">Site acquisition</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Citigroup_Center&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Site acquisition">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:NYC_TotR_Queens.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="The slanted top of 601 Lexington Avenue, in the left foreground, as seen from Rockefeller Center. Other nearby skyscrapers are visible in the right foreground, while the borough of Queens is visible in the distance." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/NYC_TotR_Queens.jpg/220px-NYC_TotR_Queens.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="126" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/NYC_TotR_Queens.jpg/330px-NYC_TotR_Queens.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/NYC_TotR_Queens.jpg/440px-NYC_TotR_Queens.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6208" data-file-height="3567" /></a><figcaption>Top of the Citigroup Center (left) as seen from <a href="/wiki/Rockefeller_Center" title="Rockefeller Center">Rockefeller Center</a></figcaption></figure> Lots on the St. Peter's block were acquired secretively starting in 1968 and continued for five and a half years.<a href="#cite_note-NYCL_p._5-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-Hellman_p._33-29">[27]</a> The acquisition was headed by brokers Donald Schnabel and Charles McArthur of Julien J. Studley Inc.<a href="#cite_note-Stern_(1995)_p._490-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-Hellman_pp._31-32-30">[28]</a> The brokers believed that a large, contiguous land lot would be worth more than the sum of each lot's individual worth, though the firm had not yet secured a client for which it was purchasing the lots.<a href="#cite_note-Hellman_pp._31-32-30">[28]</a> St. Peter's Church's membership was increasing again by then, and members of the congregation were loath to part with their property.<a href="#cite_note-Hellman_p._31-12">[12]</a> A Studley broker formed a company called Lexman, which then approached what had become First National City Bank to determine their interest in acquiring the St. Peter's block, one block east of their headquarters at the time.<a href="#cite_note-NYCL_p._5-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-Hellman_p._32-8">[8]</a> Lexman gradually acquired the other lots on the block.<a href="#cite_note-Hellman_p._33-29">[27]</a> The brokerage firm again negotiated with St. Peter's congregation in late 1969 after some lots had been acquired.<a href="#cite_note-NYCL_p._6-31">[29]</a> John White, president of consulting firm James D. Landauer Associates, proposed that the new structure on the site be a condominium development; i.e. the church would have a partial ownership stake in the new development.<a href="#cite_note-NYCL_p._6-31">[29]</a><a href="#cite_note-Hellman_pp._34-35-32">[30]</a> In February 1970, the congregation signed a <a href="/wiki/Letter_of_intent" title="Letter of intent">letter of intent</a> to sell its building, as well as the <a href="/wiki/Air_rights" title="Air rights">air rights</a> above the church,<a href="#cite_note-NYCL_p._6-31">[29]</a><a href="#cite_note-Hellman_pp._34-35-32">[30]</a> to First National City Bank.<a href="#cite_note-nb197408-33">[31]</a><a href="#cite_note-Hellman_p._37-34">[32]</a> In exchange, the congregation received $9 million and was named as a condominium partner in the tower's development. The congregation saw a $4 million net profit, as its new building cost $5 million.<a href="#cite_note-NYCL_p._6-31">[29]</a><a href="#cite_note-nb197408-33">[31]</a><a href="#cite_note-Hellman_p._35-35">[33]</a> Members of the congregation formally approved the sale of their building in May 1971.<a href="#cite_note-p119143123-36">[34]</a> <a href="/wiki/KlingStubbins" title="KlingStubbins">Hugh Stubbins & Associates</a> was hired to develop plans for a large building on the city block, and St. Peter's Church hired <a href="/wiki/Edward_Larrabee_Barnes" title="Edward Larrabee Barnes">Edward Larrabee Barnes</a> as a design consultant by the beginning of 1971.<a href="#cite_note-nyt19710131-11">[11]</a> The Stubbins firm, at the time, had relatively little experience designing high-rise buildings.<a href="#cite_note-Stern_(1995)_p._490-10">[10]</a> <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a> characterized the site as an "annex" to First National City Bank's main building at 399 Park Avenue.<a href="#cite_note-nyt19710131-11">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-NYCL_p._6-31">[29]</a> The congregation of St. Peter's Church voted in May 1971 to approve the sale of its old building and construct a new structure on the same site,<a href="#cite_note-nyt19771004-37">[35]</a><a href="#cite_note-38">[36]</a> and they relocated in early 1973 to a temporary location at the <a href="/wiki/Central_Presbyterian_Church_(New_York_City)" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Presbyterian Church (New York City)">Central Presbyterian Church</a>.<a href="#cite_note-39">[37]</a> By July 1973, land acquisition was almost entirely complete,<a href="#cite_note-40">[38]</a> although the last parcel was not acquired until November 1975, when the lot at 884 Third Avenue was purchased.<a href="#cite_note-NYCL_p._6-31">[29]</a> The parcels cost $40 million, making it the most expensive city block on earth at the time.<a href="#cite_note-Stern_(1995)_pp._490-492-41">[39]</a><a href="#cite_note-Hellman_p._37-34">[32]</a> The only lot on the block that First National City Bank had not acquired was 880 Third Avenue, which had been completed in 1965, and which the brokers considered too new to be demolished.<a href="#cite_note-Stern_(1995)_p._490-10">[10]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Design_process_and_city_approvals">Design process and city approvals</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Citigroup_Center&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Design process and city approvals">edit</a>]</div> In addition to what became the final design, Stubbins and his associates studied at least six alternate proposals for the tower, with varying rooftop designs.<a href="#cite_note-Stern_(1995)_p._492-42">[40]</a> Early plans also called for installing stilts underneath each corner.<a href="#cite_note-AR_p._69-43">[41]</a> These plans were scrapped because the northwestern stilt would extend into St. Peter's Lutheran Church, and the church wanted its sanctuary to be structurally separate from the tower.<a href="#cite_note-wsj201606022-44">[42]</a><a href="#cite_note-AR_p._69-43">[41]</a> Before the official plans for the building were announced, the architects had designed a roof sloped at a 45-degree corner, which was to contain west-facing terraces<a href="#cite_note-NYCL_p._8-45">[43]</a><a href="#cite_note-nyt19760919-46">[44]</a> for about 100 apartments,<a href="#cite_note-wp19771015-47">[45]</a><a href="#cite_note-Schmertz_p._108-48">[46]</a> but the <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Department_of_City_Planning" title="New York City Department of City Planning">New York City Department of City Planning</a> would not approve a <a href="/wiki/Zoning" title="Zoning">zoning</a> change to permit that use.<a href="#cite_note-NYCL_p._8-45">[43]</a><a href="#cite_note-Schmertz_p._108-48">[46]</a><a href="#cite_note-PA_p._55-49">[47]</a> The architects then rotated the roof southward<a href="#cite_note-wsj201606022-44">[42]</a><a href="#cite_note-nyt19760919-46">[44]</a> to accommodate flat-plate solar collectors.<a href="#cite_note-NYCL_p._7-50">[48]</a><a href="#cite_note-Loring-Meckler-51">[49]</a> Plans for the project, then known as Citicorp Center, were publicly disclosed on July 24, 1973.<a href="#cite_note-nyt19730725-52">[50]</a><a href="#cite_note-Hellman_p._37-34">[32]</a> The plans called for a 910 ft-tall (280 m) tower with stilts under the center of each side, rising 112 ft (34 m) above street level. The project would also include an eight-story office annex, three stories of retail, a landscaped public plaza, and a new church building.<a href="#cite_note-Stern_(1995)_p._492-42">[40]</a><a href="#cite_note-nyt19730725-52">[50]</a><a href="#cite_note-AJ-1973-10-53">[51]</a> St. Peter's old church building had been demolished by mid-1973,<a href="#cite_note-nyt19730725-52">[50]</a> and First National City Bank had become known as Citibank, a subsidiary of Citicorp.<a href="#cite_note-nb197408-33">[31]</a> St. Peter's pastor Ralph E. Peterson described the project as "a very bold venture in an urban environment".<a href="#cite_note-54">[52]</a> In part because of Peterson's insistence, the plans included a publicly accessible plaza with shopping available.<a href="#cite_note-Schmertz_p._114-55">[53]</a> Early plans for the church also called for it to have a cube design;<a href="#cite_note-nyt19771205-56">[54]</a> the church's final design, with a diagonal skylight, was announced in April 1974.<a href="#cite_note-nyt19740408-57">[55]</a> The city government approved plans for Citicorp Center the same year.<a href="#cite_note-NYCL_p._13-58">[56]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Construction">Construction</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Citigroup_Center&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Construction">edit</a>]</div> Groundbreaking ceremonies for the tower were hosted in April 1974, but work began only twelve months later.<a href="#cite_note-NYCL_p._7-50">[48]</a> The tower's construction was supervised by Vivian Longo, who, at the building's completion in 1977, was twenty-five years old.<a href="#cite_note-newsday19780115-59">[57]</a><a href="#cite_note-60">[58]</a> Citicorp Center was one of the few large structures in Manhattan that were being erected in the mid-1970s.<a href="#cite_note-61">[59]</a> At the peak of construction, three thousand people were employed, and 565 workers were on site simultaneously.<a href="#cite_note-NYCL_p._7-50">[48]</a><a href="#cite_note-nyt19760919-46">[44]</a> The steel framework had been completed to the eighteenth floor by the end of 1975.<a href="#cite_note-NYCL_p._7-50">[48]</a> When the frame <a href="/wiki/Topped_out" class="mw-redirect" title="Topped out">topped out</a> on October 7, 1976, officials predicted Citicorp Center would be the only major structure in New York City to be completed in 1977.<a href="#cite_note-Stern_(1995)_p._493-62">[60]</a><a href="#cite_note-63">[61]</a> The cornerstone for the new St. Peter's Church was laid on November 1, 1976.<a href="#cite_note-64">[62]</a> Citibank acquired two buildings at 148 and 152 East 53rd Street, immediately south of the new tower, the next month. The company did not intend to develop the sites of these buildings, but they contained <a href="/wiki/Strip_club" title="Strip club">topless bars</a>, which Citibank officials perceived would decrease the value of the tower.<a href="#cite_note-65">[63]</a><a href="#cite_note-66">[64]</a> The bank's vice president for real estate management, Arthur E. Driscoll, had studied vacancy rates at fourteen nearby "prime office buildings" while Citicorp Center was being developed.<a href="#cite_note-67">[65]</a> The first tenants moved to the office building in April 1977.<a href="#cite_note-wp19771015-47">[45]</a> By that August, Citicorp Center was 96 percent rented,<a href="#cite_note-nyt19770821-68">[66]</a> even though average rents were higher than in other buildings nearby.<a href="#cite_note-nyt19760919-46">[44]</a><a href="#cite_note-wp19771015-47">[45]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_years">Early years</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Citigroup_Center&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Early years">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Opening">Opening</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Citigroup_Center&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Opening">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:53rd_St_Lex_Av_td_08_-_Citigroup_Center.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="The Citigroup Center as viewed from the ground at Lexington Avenue and 53rd Street" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/53rd_St_Lex_Av_td_08_-_Citigroup_Center.jpg/220px-53rd_St_Lex_Av_td_08_-_Citigroup_Center.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/53rd_St_Lex_Av_td_08_-_Citigroup_Center.jpg/330px-53rd_St_Lex_Av_td_08_-_Citigroup_Center.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/53rd_St_Lex_Av_td_08_-_Citigroup_Center.jpg/440px-53rd_St_Lex_Av_td_08_-_Citigroup_Center.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="5472" /></a><figcaption>Viewed from Lexington Avenue</figcaption></figure> The office tower was dedicated on October 12, 1977.<a href="#cite_note-NYCL_p._7-50">[48]</a><a href="#cite_note-nyt19771012-69">[67]</a> Stubbins gave an opening speech in which he described the building as a "skyscraper for the people".<a href="#cite_note-NYCL_p._7-50">[48]</a><a href="#cite_note-csm19771101-70">[68]</a> Almost all the space within the retail complex at the building's base, known as the Market, had been rented,<a href="#cite_note-nyt19771004-37">[35]</a> and over 300 retailers had applied to operate storefronts in the Market.<a href="#cite_note-nyt19770821-68">[66]</a> The majority of the Market's space was rented by household furnishings retailer <a href="/wiki/Habitat_(retailer)" title="Habitat (retailer)">Conran's</a>, which occupied 40,000 sq ft (3,700 m2),<a href="#cite_note-71">[69]</a> but some of the other retailers included restaurants serving cuisine of various countries.<a href="#cite_note-nyt19760604-72">[70]</a> Citibank planned to occupy 600,000 sq ft (56,000 m2), or 26 stories, moving its offices to the building from five other addresses in Midtown.<a href="#cite_note-nyt19760919-46">[44]</a><a href="#cite_note-wp19771015-47">[45]</a> The remaining stories were occupied by a variety of firms, including those in law and accounting, as well as the <a href="/wiki/Consul_(representative)" title="Consul (representative)">Consulate-General</a> of Japan and technology company <a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a>.<a href="#cite_note-NYCL_p._13-58">[56]</a> At the time of Citicorp Center's dedication, the final design features of St. Peter's Church were being installed.<a href="#cite_note-73">[71]</a> St. Peter's Church was dedicated on December 4, 1977,<a href="#cite_note-NYCL_p._12-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-74">[72]</a> and the Nevelson Chapel was separately dedicated the same month.<a href="#cite_note-75">[73]</a> Initially, the tower's slanted roof created an ice problem during winter, as snow and ice would slide down the roof onto the sidewalk.<a href="#cite_note-nyt19780122-76">[74]</a> Furthermore, the shopping concourse was initially only lightly used and largely unknown to the public.<a href="#cite_note-nyt19780126-77">[75]</a> The plaza on Lexington Avenue opened by July 1978.<a href="#cite_note-NYCL_p._7-50">[48]</a> In the complex's early years, St. Peter's Church encountered fiscal deficits because of high utility costs, as well as inflation and lack of investment experience, even though the church earned money from renting out some of the other space it owned at Citicorp Center.<a href="#cite_note-78">[76]</a> By 1980, Citicorp counted 25,000 daily visitors to the shopping concourse, but some of the stores had already closed down because of a lack of patronage.<a href="#cite_note-NYCL_p._14-79">[77]</a><a href="#cite_note-80">[78]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="1978_engineering_crisis">1978 engineering crisis</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Citigroup_Center&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: 1978 engineering crisis">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Citicorp_Center_engineering_crisis" title="Citicorp Center engineering crisis">Citicorp Center engineering crisis</a></div> Due to material changes during construction, the building as completed was vulnerable to collapse in high winds. LeMessurier's original design for the chevron load braces had used welded joints. To save money, Bethlehem Steel changed the plans in 1974 to use bolted joints, which was accepted by LeMessurier's office but not known to the engineer himself.<a href="#cite_note-Morgenstern_p._46-81">[79]</a> Furthermore, LeMessurier originally only needed to calculate wind loads from perpendicular winds, as required under the building code; in typical buildings, loads from quartering winds at the corners would be less.<a href="#cite_note-Morgenstern_p._46-81">[79]</a><a href="#cite_note-McGinn_2018_p._82-82">[80]</a> In June 1978, after an inquiry from engineering student Diane Hartley,<a href="#cite_note-AIA_Study-83">[81]</a><a href="#cite_note-Online_Ethics_1995-84">[82]</a> LeMessurier recalculated the wind loads on the building with quartering winds.<a href="#cite_note-McGinn_2018_p._82-82">[80]</a> LeMessurier found that quartering winds would significantly increase the load at the bolted joints.<a href="#cite_note-Morgenstern_p._46-81">[79]</a> After conducting tests on the building's structural safety,<a href="#cite_note-Morgenstern_pp._46-47-85">[83]</a> he found that a wind capable of toppling Citicorp Center would have a 1-in-55 chance of occurring in an average year, or a 1-in-16 chance of happening if the <a href="/wiki/Tuned_mass_damper" title="Tuned mass damper">tuned mass damper</a> (TMD) on the roof was powered off.<a href="#cite_note-slate_2014-86">[84]</a> LeMessurier proposed welding steel plates over the bolted joints, and Karl Koch Erecting was hired for the welding process.<a href="#cite_note-Morgenstern_p._50-87">[85]</a> Starting in August 1978, construction crews installed the welded panels at night.<a href="#cite_note-NYCL_p._9-88">[86]</a><a href="#cite_note-Morgenstern_p._50-87">[85]</a> The fixes were completed that October, after which LeMessurier claimed that a wind strong enough to topple the building would have a 1-in-700 chance of occurring in any given year.<a href="#cite_note-Morgenstern_p._53-89">[87]</a> The work was not publicized at the time, as it took place during the <a href="/wiki/1978_New_York_City_newspaper_strike" title="1978 New York City newspaper strike">1978 New York City newspaper strike</a> and very few people were notified of the issue.<a href="#cite_note-slate_2014-86">[84]</a><a href="#cite_note-Morgenstern_p._50-87">[85]</a> Since no structural failure occurred, the extent of the engineering crisis was only publicly revealed in a lengthy article in <a href="/wiki/The_New_Yorker" title="The New Yorker">The New Yorker</a> in 1995.<a href="#cite_note-NYCL_p._9-88">[86]</a><a href="#cite_note-Morgenstern_p._45-90">[88]</a> A <a href="/wiki/National_Institute_of_Standards_and_Technology" title="National Institute of Standards and Technology">National Institute of Standards and Technology</a> reassessment of the engineering crisis in 2019, using modern technology, indicated that the quartering wind loads were not as severe as LeMessurier and Hartley had thought.<a href="#cite_note-91">[89]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="1980s_and_1990s">1980s and 1990s</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Citigroup_Center&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: 1980s and 1990s">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CitigroupCenterNight.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Night view of Manhattan's skyline as seen from Rockefeller Center. The Citigroup Center's slanted roof is visible on the right side of the image." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/CitigroupCenterNight.jpg/220px-CitigroupCenterNight.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/CitigroupCenterNight.jpg/330px-CitigroupCenterNight.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/CitigroupCenterNight.jpg/440px-CitigroupCenterNight.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>Night view of the Citigroup Center (at right) from Rockefeller Center</figcaption></figure> As completed, Citicorp Center was divided into three separate <a href="/wiki/Condominium" title="Condominium">condominium</a>-style ownership stakes. One condominium was owned by the church, while the other two were 61.55 and 32.85 percent ownership stakes in the office stories.<a href="#cite_note-NYCL_pp._13-14-92">[90]</a> In October 1987, Citicorp sold the 61.55 percent ownership stake (consisting of the 23rd through 59th floors), along with a one-third stake in its former 399 Park Avenue headquarters, to <a href="/wiki/Dai-Ichi_Mutual_Life_Insurance_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Dai-Ichi Mutual Life Insurance Company">Dai-Ichi Mutual Life Insurance Company</a> for $670 million. Citicorp used the profits from the sale to reduce its losses, which in the first half of 1987 totaled $2.32 billion; it continued to own the remaining stories at Citicorp Center.<a href="#cite_note-93">[91]</a><a href="#cite_note-94">[92]</a> At the time, Citicorp was developing <a href="/wiki/One_Court_Square" title="One Court Square">One Court Square</a> across the <a href="/wiki/East_River" title="East River">East River</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Long_Island_City" title="Long Island City">Long Island City</a> neighborhood of <a href="/wiki/Queens" title="Queens">Queens</a>.<a href="#cite_note-NYCL_p._14-79">[77]</a><a href="#cite_note-NYTimes-1CtSq-Giant-Aug1988-95">[93]</a> The new building in Queens was one subway stop away from Citicorp Center and 399 Park Avenue, allowing Citicorp to split its offices between the buildings.<a href="#cite_note-NYTimes-1CtSq-Giant-Aug1988-95">[93]</a> The Market shopping atrium fell into disrepair in the two decades following Citicorp Center's completion.<a href="#cite_note-nyt19960616-96">[94]</a> In May 1995, Citicorp commenced a $15 million, eighteen-month renovation of the shopping concourse, which was designed by <a href="/wiki/Gwathmey_Siegel_%26_Associates_Architects" title="Gwathmey Siegel & Associates Architects">Gwathmey Siegel & Associates Architects</a>.<a href="#cite_note-NYCL_p._14-79">[77]</a><a href="#cite_note-nyt19950507-97">[95]</a> The brick pavers were replaced with <a href="/wiki/Terrazzo" title="Terrazzo">terrazzo</a>, new signs were installed outside each storefront, and circulation features, such as the placement of escalators, were rearranged.<a href="#cite_note-NYCL_p._14-79">[77]</a><a href="#cite_note-nyt19960616-96">[94]</a><a href="#cite_note-98">[96]</a> The shopping concourse was renamed the Shops at Citicorp Center and bookstore <a href="/wiki/Barnes_%26_Noble" title="Barnes & Noble">Barnes & Noble</a> was named as the anchor tenant, taking 40,000 sq ft (3,700 m2).<a href="#cite_note-nyt19950507-97">[95]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="21st_century">21st century</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Citigroup_Center&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: 21st century">edit</a>]</div> By late 2000, Dai-Ichi's broker <a href="/wiki/JLL_(company)" title="JLL (company)">Jones Lang LaSalle</a> had placed the entirety of the office building, which had become known as the Citigroup Center, for sale.<a href="#cite_note-wsj20010124-99">[97]</a><a href="#cite_note-cny20001023-100">[98]</a> Dai-Ichi and Citigroup—the latter of which had been formed in 1998 through a merger of Citicorp and <a href="/wiki/The_Travelers_Companies" title="The Travelers Companies">the Travelers Companies</a><a href="#cite_note-The_New_York_Times_1998_v464-101">[99]</a>—arranged to jointly sell both condominium shares.<a href="#cite_note-cny20001023-100">[98]</a> Richard and Eric D. Hadar, a father-and-son venture, bid $725 million for Dai-Ichi's ownership stake in January 2001. For the purchase, Eric Hadar had arranged a $525 million first mortgage from <a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Bank" title="Deutsche Bank">Deutsche Bank</a> and a $150 million mezzanine loan from the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Singapore" title="Government of Singapore">government of Singapore</a>.<a href="#cite_note-wsj20010124-99">[97]</a><a href="#cite_note-102">[100]</a> The sale was delayed after Boston Properties offered to buy Dai-Ichi's stake.<a href="#cite_note-103">[101]</a> Eric Hadar's company, Allied Partners, along with Boston Properties, ultimately finalized their purchase of both condominium shares that April.<a href="#cite_note-104">[102]</a><a href="#cite_note-Boston_Properties,_Inc._2001-105">[103]</a> The price was $755 million, including closing costs and taxes, and Citigroup relocated to 399 Park Avenue.<a href="#cite_note-NYCL_p._14-79">[77]</a><a href="#cite_note-106">[104]</a> One of the stilts was structurally reinforced following the September 11 attacks,<a href="#cite_note-:0-107">[105]</a><a href="#cite_note-:1-108">[106]</a> and protective <a href="/wiki/Bollard" title="Bollard">bollards</a> were installed on the sidewalk.<a href="#cite_note-p308508821-109">[107]</a> Boston Properties bought Allied Partners' stake in the Citigroup Center in 2006 for $100 million.<a href="#cite_note-110">[108]</a><a href="#cite_note-111">[109]</a> The same year, Boston Properties began rebranding the building as 601 Lexington Avenue.<a href="#cite_note-112">[110]</a> A new Lexington Avenue lobby was constructed and the tower stories' entrance was relocated from 53rd Street to Lexington Avenue.<a href="#cite_note-Architect_Magazine-113">[111]</a><a href="#cite_note-114">[112]</a> In addition, a ramp was installed on 53rd Street and a reception area was added to the northern entrance of St. Peter's Church.<a href="#cite_note-NYCL_p._14-79">[77]</a> The name change took effect in 2010.<a href="#cite_note-NYCL_p._14-79">[77]</a><a href="#cite_note-115">[113]</a><a href="#cite_note-Observer_2008-116">[114]</a> Boston Properties was also considering selling naming rights to the building.<a href="#cite_note-117">[115]</a> By 2013, Citigroup only occupied three stories at the Citigroup Center.<a href="#cite_note-118">[116]</a> The next year, Boston Properties sold a 45 percent ownership stake in the Citigroup Center, along with proportional stakes in the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Atlantic_Wharf_Office_Building&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Atlantic Wharf Office Building (page does not exist)">Atlantic Wharf Office Building</a> and <a href="/wiki/100_Federal_Street" title="100 Federal Street">100 Federal Street</a> in Boston, to companies associated with <a href="/wiki/Norges_Bank_Investment_Management" class="mw-redirect" title="Norges Bank Investment Management">Norges Bank Investment Management</a>. These firms paid a combined $1.5 billion.<a href="#cite_note-119">[117]</a><a href="#cite_note-Boston_Properties,_Inc._2014-120">[118]</a> In mid-2016, the <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Landmarks_Preservation_Commission" title="New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission">New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission</a> (LPC) proposed protecting twelve buildings in East Midtown, including the Citigroup Center, in advance of proposed changes to the area's zoning.<a href="#cite_note-Hurowitz_2016-121">[119]</a> At the time, Boston Properties was contemplating renovations to the building; the company filed alteration plans for the plaza that July,<a href="#cite_note-Wachs2017-122">[120]</a> and it was vacating the space in the office annex.<a href="#cite_note-123">[121]</a> On December 6, 2016, the LPC designated the Citigroup Center as a city landmark.<a href="#cite_note-NYCL_p._1-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-Walker_20162-124">[122]</a><a href="#cite_note-Cohen_2016-125">[123]</a> The designation made the Citigroup Center the city's youngest landmark at that time.<a href="#cite_note-Walker_20162-124">[122]</a> The same month, Boston Properties announced plans to renovate the office annex, which would be rebranded 159 East 53rd Street.<a href="#cite_note-126">[124]</a> Shortly afterward, in March 2017, <a href="/wiki/Gensler" title="Gensler">Gensler</a> revealed its design for a refurbished entry plaza and a new atrium space.<a href="#cite_note-127">[125]</a><a href="#cite_note-128">[126]</a> That June, work on the plaza commenced; the original fountain, which had been part of the landmark designation, was demolished.<a href="#cite_note-Wachs_2017-129">[127]</a> All of the space in the 159 East 53rd Street annex was leased to <a href="/wiki/NYU_Langone_Health" title="NYU Langone Health">NYU Langone Health</a> in 2018.<a href="#cite_note-130">[128]</a><a href="#cite_note-131">[129]</a> Following the completion of the renovation, in late 2019, Anna Castellani signed a lease for a 10,000 sq ft (930 m2) food hall at the base of the Citigroup Center.<a href="#cite_note-132">[130]</a><a href="#cite_note-Alexa_2017-133">[131]</a> In October 2019, London-based company etc.venues agreed to operate a 30,000 sq ft (2,800 m2) conference center on the 14th floor.<a href="#cite_note-Baird-Remba_2019-134">[132]</a> In 2021, Boston Properties converted the shopping concourse into a food hall named the Hugh.<a href="#cite_note-Fabricant_2021_t948-135">[133]</a><a href="#cite_note-Hughes_2023_b644-136">[134]</a> Boston Properties and Norges Bank Investment Management refinanced the Citigroup Center that December with a $1 billion mortgage from four banks.<a href="#cite_note-Burke_2021-137">[135]</a><a href="#cite_note-trd-2021-12-15-138">[136]</a> At the time, the building's office space was 96.3 percent occupied, and the tenants largely included financial firms and law offices.<a href="#cite_note-trd-2022-04-21-139">[137]</a> With about 326,000 square feet (30,300 m2) of space, the <a href="/wiki/Blackstone_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Blackstone Group">Blackstone Group</a> was one of the building's largest tenants in 2022.<a href="#cite_note-Crain's_New_York_Business_2022-140">[138]</a><a href="#cite_note-Hallum_2022-141">[139]</a> Other large tenants by then included Citibank, <a href="/wiki/Kirkland_%26_Ellis" title="Kirkland & Ellis">Kirkland & Ellis</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Freshfields_Bruckhaus_Deringer" title="Freshfields Bruckhaus Deringer">Freshfields Bruckhaus Deringer</a>.<a href="#cite_note-trd-2022-04-21-139">[137]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Architecture">Architecture</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Citigroup_Center&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Architecture">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CitigroupCenter2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A set of three glass and steel buildings. From left to right are 399 Park Avenue, Citigroup Center, and the Seagram Building." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/CitigroupCenter2.jpg/220px-CitigroupCenter2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/CitigroupCenter2.jpg/330px-CitigroupCenter2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/CitigroupCenter2.jpg/440px-CitigroupCenter2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2848" data-file-height="2136" /></a><figcaption>The Citigroup Center as seen from Park Avenue, between <a href="/wiki/399_Park_Avenue" title="399 Park Avenue">399 Park Avenue</a> to the left and the <a href="/wiki/Seagram_Building" title="Seagram Building">Seagram Building</a> to the right</figcaption></figure> The Citigroup Center consists of the office tower and its annex; there is also a structure for St. Peter's Church at the base of the office tower.<a href="#cite_note-NYCL_p._2-142">[140]</a> The tower was designed by architect <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Stubbins" title="Hugh Stubbins">Hugh Stubbins</a>, along with associate architects <a href="/wiki/Emery_Roth_%26_Sons" class="mw-redirect" title="Emery Roth & Sons">Emery Roth & Sons</a>, for the <a href="/wiki/Citibank" title="Citibank">First National City Bank</a> (later Citibank).<a href="#cite_note-aia5-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-AJ-1973-10-53">[51]</a><a href="#cite_note-nyt19730725-52">[50]</a> Of the other principals at Hugh A. Stubbins & Associates, architect Peter Woytuk was most involved in the design, while project manager W. Easley Hammer oversaw the construction.<a href="#cite_note-NYCL_p._7-50">[48]</a><a href="#cite_note-Stern_(1995)_pp._490-492-41">[39]</a> In addition, <a href="/wiki/Edward_Larrabee_Barnes" title="Edward Larrabee Barnes">Edward Larrabee Barnes</a> was the consulting architect,<a href="#cite_note-Emporis-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-nyt19730725-52">[50]</a><a href="#cite_note-Stern_(1995)_pp._490-492-41">[39]</a> and <a href="/wiki/LeMessurier_Associates" class="mw-redirect" title="LeMessurier Associates">LeMessurier Associates</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Ruderman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="James Ruderman (page does not exist)">James Ruderman</a> were the structural engineers.<a href="#cite_note-AJ-1973-10-53">[51]</a><a href="#cite_note-AISC1978-143">[141]</a> The general contractor was the HRH Construction Corporation<a href="#cite_note-NYCL_p._7-50">[48]</a><a href="#cite_note-AISC1978-143">[141]</a> (which was acquired by the <a href="/wiki/Starrett_Corporation" title="Starrett Corporation">Starrett Housing Corporation</a> during the building's construction<a href="#cite_note-144">[142]</a>), and the steel contractor was <a href="/wiki/Bethlehem_Steel" title="Bethlehem Steel">Bethlehem Steel</a>.<a href="#cite_note-AISC1978-143">[141]</a><a href="#cite_note-Morgenstern_p._46-81">[79]</a> Numerous contractors supplied other material for the building.<a href="#cite_note-PA_p._106-145">[143]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Form_and_facade">Form and facade</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Citigroup_Center&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Form and facade">edit</a>]</div> The Citigroup Center is 59 stories high, with its roof about 915 ft (279 m) above ground level.<a href="#cite_note-skyscraperCenter-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-Emporis-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-NYCL_p._1-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-147">[c]</a> Excluding unused floor numbers accounting for the raised base, it contains 46 office stories.<a href="#cite_note-sun19790624-148">[145]</a><a href="#cite_note-PA_p._55-49">[47]</a> At the time of completion, Citicorp Center was the seventh-tallest building in the world.<a href="#cite_note-Stern_(1995)_p._493-62">[60]</a><a href="#cite_note-AR_p._66-146">[144]</a> In addition to the primary 59-story tower, there is an annex at 159 East 53rd Street with six<a href="#cite_note-AR_p._66-146">[144]</a><a href="#cite_note-Stern_(1995)_p._492-42">[40]</a> or seven stories.<a href="#cite_note-Žaknić_Smith_Rice_Council_on_Tall_Buildings_and_Urban_Habitat_p.-149">[146]</a> It extends east to Third Avenue and includes part of the building's shopping concourse.<a href="#cite_note-AR_p._66-146">[144]</a><a href="#cite_note-Stern_(1995)_p._492-42">[40]</a> The tower and its annex have similarly-designed facades.<a href="#cite_note-NYCL_p._8-45">[43]</a> The facade is made of anodized aluminum and reflective glass panels.<a href="#cite_note-NYCL_p._8-45">[43]</a><a href="#cite_note-nyt19771029-150">[147]</a><a href="#cite_note-ENR_p._68-151">[148]</a> Each facade segment measures 12 by 9 ft (3.7 by 2.7 m) and consists of both glass panes and aluminum plates.<a href="#cite_note-PA_1978-02-152">[149]</a> To conserve energy, each window is <a href="/wiki/Double-glazed" class="mw-redirect" title="Double-glazed">double-glazed</a>; the inner pane is coated with <a href="/wiki/Chrome_plating" title="Chrome plating">chrome plating</a>.<a href="#cite_note-nyt19771029-150">[147]</a><a href="#cite_note-ENR_p._68-151">[148]</a> The windows on each floor are separated by flush aluminum <a href="/wiki/Spandrel" title="Spandrel">spandrels</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Schmertz_p._115-153">[150]</a> The spandrels were manufactured by Flour City Architectural Metals, a firm based in <a href="/wiki/Glen_Cove,_New_York" title="Glen Cove, New York">Glen Cove, New York</a>.<a href="#cite_note-NYCL_p._8-45">[43]</a><a href="#cite_note-154">[151]</a> The aluminum is silver-colored, like that on the <a href="/wiki/500_Park_Avenue" title="500 Park Avenue">Pepsi-Cola Building</a> and <a href="/wiki/28_Liberty_Street" title="28 Liberty Street">One Chase Manhattan Plaza</a>, because Stubbins thought a dark color would not allow observers to "see the shade and shadow".<a href="#cite_note-NYCL_p._8-45">[43]</a> The facade is fitted with 2 inches (51 mm) of insulation,<a href="#cite_note-NYCL_p._11-14">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-ENR_p._68-151">[148]</a> double the amount of insulation considered normal at the time of construction.<a href="#cite_note-nyt19771029-150">[147]</a><a href="#cite_note-ENR_p._68-151">[148]</a> The aluminum was polished to reflect heat from sunlight.<a href="#cite_note-nyt19771029-150">[147]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Roof">Roof</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Citigroup_Center&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Roof">edit</a>]</div> The triangular roof of the Citigroup Center rises 160 ft (49 m) above the top story and faces south, sloping at a 45-degree angle.<a href="#cite_note-AR_p._66-146">[144]</a><a href="#cite_note-Stern_(1995)_p._492-42">[40]</a><a href="#cite_note-Stichweh_2016-155">[152]</a><a href="#cite_note-156">[d]</a> The roof was originally intended to face west and contain several terraces,<a href="#cite_note-NYCL_p._8-45">[43]</a><a href="#cite_note-nyt19760919-46">[44]</a> but the architects rotated the roof southward to accommodate flat-plate solar collectors, which they believed would produce hot water that could dehumidify air and reduce the need for other energy for cooling.<a href="#cite_note-Loring-Meckler-51">[49]</a> Starting in February 1975, engineers from the <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology" title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">Massachusetts Institute of Technology</a> conducted a twelve-month feasibility study for the installation of such a system.<a href="#cite_note-Stern_(1995)_p._492-42">[40]</a><a href="#cite_note-157">[153]</a><a href="#cite_note-158">[154]</a> Afterward, the system was scrapped, either because of the smaller-than-expected savings,<a href="#cite_note-159">[155]</a><a href="#cite_note-160">[156]</a><a href="#cite_note-newsday19780115-59">[57]</a> the cost of the required refined mechanical systems,<a href="#cite_note-ENR_p._68-151">[148]</a> supplier issues,<a href="#cite_note-NYCL_p._11-14">[14]</a> or the insufficient energy produced by the system.<a href="#cite_note-Berenholtz_Reynolds_1988_p.-161">[157]</a> Even after the solar-collector plans were scrapped, the design was kept; Stubbins wrote that the roof "relieves the uniformity of flat-topped towers proliferating in the center of the city".<a href="#cite_note-Stern_(1995)_pp._492-493-162">[158]</a><a href="#cite_note-Stubbins_1976_p.-163">[159]</a> This made Citicorp Center the first postmodern skyscraper in New York City with an entirely decorative roof.<a href="#cite_note-Stichweh_2016-155">[152]</a><a href="#cite_note-Nash_2005-164">[160]</a> The roof was also fitted with solar panels in 1983, when <a href="/wiki/Consolidated_Edison" title="Consolidated Edison">Consolidated Edison</a> and Citibank sponsored a four-year solar panel test.<a href="#cite_note-NYCL_p._11-14">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-165">[161]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Plaza">Plaza</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Citigroup_Center&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Plaza">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:51_53_Streets_exit_2007_vc.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A 2007 image of stairs leading from the building's sunken plaza to street level" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/51_53_Streets_exit_2007_vc.jpg/220px-51_53_Streets_exit_2007_vc.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/51_53_Streets_exit_2007_vc.jpg/330px-51_53_Streets_exit_2007_vc.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/51_53_Streets_exit_2007_vc.jpg/440px-51_53_Streets_exit_2007_vc.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>View from the plaza</figcaption></figure> A large plaza, 12 ft (3.7 m) beneath street level, was designed by landscape architect <a href="/wiki/Hideo_Sasaki" title="Hideo Sasaki">Sasaki Associates</a> and built along with Citicorp Center.<a href="#cite_note-NYCL_p._10-166">[162]</a> The plaza's presence was encouraged by the <a href="/wiki/1961_Zoning_Resolution" class="mw-redirect" title="1961 Zoning Resolution">1961 Zoning Resolution</a>,<a href="#cite_note-NYCL_p._10-166">[162]</a> which gave additional floor area to New York City developers as a zoning "bonus" for including open space outside their buildings.<a href="#cite_note-167">[163]</a> While many developers took advantage of the "bonus", the <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Planning_Commission" class="mw-redirect" title="New York City Planning Commission">New York City Planning Commission</a> found in 1975 that many of these plazas ranged from "bleak, forlorn places" to those that were "forbidding and downright hostile".<a href="#cite_note-168">[164]</a><a href="#cite_note-nyt19750417-169">[165]</a> In response, the City Planning Commission's Urban Design Group was formed in 1967 to determine how to improve plaza designs,<a href="#cite_note-NYCL_p._10-166">[162]</a><a href="#cite_note-Schmertz_p._114-55">[53]</a> influencing a design handbook that the City Planning Commission published in 1975.<a href="#cite_note-NYCL_p._10-166">[162]</a><a href="#cite_note-nyt19750417-169">[165]</a> The design of the Citigroup Center's plaza was finalized in 1973,<a href="#cite_note-NYCL_p._10-166">[162]</a> and it included many of the same features described in the handbook, such as an outdoor plaza, a covered pedestrian area, and an <a href="/wiki/Arcade_(architecture)" title="Arcade (architecture)">arcade</a> running for a city block.<a href="#cite_note-NYCL_p._10-166">[162]</a><a href="#cite_note-Schmertz_pp._114-115-170">[166]</a> The plaza has an area of 6,000 sq ft (560 m2).<a href="#cite_note-Wachs2017-122">[120]</a> Under the zoning laws, its presence allowed the tower to be designed with a maximum <a href="/wiki/Floor_area_ratio" title="Floor area ratio">floor area ratio</a> of 18:1, higher than the 15:1 ratio specified for the area.<a href="#cite_note-PA_p._55-49">[47]</a> The plaza is accessed by a diagonally-oriented stairway<a href="#cite_note-NYCL_p._10-166">[162]</a> extending northeast from the corner of Lexington Avenue and 53rd Street.<a href="#cite_note-Schmertz_p._116-171">[167]</a> On the south side of the plaza is an entrance to the Lexington Avenue/51st Street subway station.<a href="#cite_note-Morrone_2009_p._169-172">[168]</a><a href="#cite_note-173">[169]</a> The Citigroup Center's entrance replaces two previous subway entrances on the sidewalk.<a href="#cite_note-NYCL_p._10-166">[162]</a> The north side of the plaza contains the entrance to St. Peter's Church.<a href="#cite_note-NYCL_pp._10-11-174">[170]</a> During the plaza's construction, the developers collaborated with the numerous public agencies that had a stake in the project, including the <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Transportation_Authority" title="Metropolitan Transportation Authority">Metropolitan Transportation Authority</a>, which operated the subway station.<a href="#cite_note-Schmertz_p._115-153">[150]</a> The plaza, interior shopping concourse, and sidewalks all initially contained brown brick floor pavers. There was, originally, also a fountain at the center of the plaza, which was designed to conceal noise from the environs, similar to the fountain at nearby <a href="/wiki/Paley_Park" title="Paley Park">Paley Park</a>.<a href="#cite_note-NYCL_pp._10-11-174">[170]</a> That fountain was demolished in 2017.<a href="#cite_note-Wachs_2017-129">[127]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="St._Peter's_Lutheran_Church">St. Peter's Lutheran Church</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Citigroup_Center&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: St. Peter's Lutheran Church">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/St._Peter%27s_Church_(Manhattan)" title="St. Peter's Church (Manhattan)">St. Peter's Church (Manhattan)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:242px;max-width:242px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:240px;max-width:240px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:172px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:St_Peter%27s_Lutheran_Church_Manhattan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="St. Peter's Church as seen from the south. The church has an angular facade of brown Caledonia granite and a skylight on the roof. At right is the office tower itself." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/St_Peter%27s_Lutheran_Church_Manhattan.jpg/238px-St_Peter%27s_Lutheran_Church_Manhattan.jpg" decoding="async" width="238" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/St_Peter%27s_Lutheran_Church_Manhattan.jpg/357px-St_Peter%27s_Lutheran_Church_Manhattan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/St_Peter%27s_Lutheran_Church_Manhattan.jpg/476px-St_Peter%27s_Lutheran_Church_Manhattan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="610" data-file-height="442" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">St. Peter's Church as seen from the south</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:240px;max-width:240px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:178px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:St_Peter%27s_Lutheran_Church_(Manhattan)_(3).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="One of the rooms inside St. Peter's Church, which has wooden pews, a sloped ceiling, and angled walls" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/St_Peter%27s_Lutheran_Church_%28Manhattan%29_%283%29.JPG/238px-St_Peter%27s_Lutheran_Church_%28Manhattan%29_%283%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="238" height="179" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/St_Peter%27s_Lutheran_Church_%28Manhattan%29_%283%29.JPG/357px-St_Peter%27s_Lutheran_Church_%28Manhattan%29_%283%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/St_Peter%27s_Lutheran_Church_%28Manhattan%29_%283%29.JPG/476px-St_Peter%27s_Lutheran_Church_%28Manhattan%29_%283%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">Interior of St. Peter's Church</div></div></div></div></div> At the northwest corner of Citigroup Center is St. Peter's Lutheran Church<a href="#cite_note-NYCL_p._12-13">[13]</a> at 619 Lexington Avenue.<a href="#cite_note-Time_Out_New_York_2012_e805-175">[171]</a> The exterior was designed by Stubbins and Hammer, while the interior was furnished by <a href="/wiki/Massimo_Vignelli" title="Massimo Vignelli">Vignelli Associates</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Stern_(1995)_p._496-15">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-nyt19771205-56">[54]</a><a href="#cite_note-NYCL_p._12-13">[13]</a> The church's congregation permitted Citicorp to erect the office tower only if an edifice, structurally unconnected to the tower, were built at the same location as the congregation's old building. Andrew Alpern and <a href="/wiki/Seymour_Durst" title="Seymour Durst">Seymour Durst</a> characterized the agreement as "ecumenically joining God and mammon to the benefit of both".<a href="#cite_note-Stern_(1995)_p._490-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-Alpern_2011_p.-176">[172]</a> In addition, at least 63 percent of the church was to have "nothing built above it".<a href="#cite_note-NYCL_p._12-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-177">[173]</a> According to Stubbins, the lack of structural connections would give the church a "breathing space" of its own.<a href="#cite_note-csm19771101-70">[68]</a> The church was described by the architectural writer <a href="/wiki/David_W._Dunlap" title="David W. Dunlap">David W. Dunlap</a> in 2004 as the city's "most architecturally successful postwar sanctuary".<a href="#cite_note-NYCL_p._13-58">[56]</a><a href="#cite_note-178">[174]</a> The structure rises about 60 ft (18 m) above ground<a href="#cite_note-wsj201606022-44">[42]</a> and 85 ft (26 m) above the Citigroup Center's plaza.<a href="#cite_note-Stern_(1995)_p._496-15">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-nyt19771205-56">[54]</a><a href="#cite_note-NYCL_p._12-13">[13]</a> It has a facade of brown Caledonia granite interspersed with ashlar.<a href="#cite_note-wsj201606022-44">[42]</a><a href="#cite_note-nyt19771205-56">[54]</a><a href="#cite_note-NYCL_p._12-13">[13]</a> The roof is clad in copper that is coated with lead. The materials were meant to establish a distinct identity for the church while also associating it with the office tower.<a href="#cite_note-Stern_(1995)_p._496-15">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-NYCL_p._12-13">[13]</a> At the top of the church building, a skylight bisects it from southwest to northeast, allowing passersby to look inside.<a href="#cite_note-Žaknić_Smith_Rice_Council_on_Tall_Buildings_and_Urban_Habitat_p.-149">[146]</a><a href="#cite_note-nyt19771205-56">[54]</a> A window at the corner of Lexington Avenue and 54th Street also overlooks the <a href="/wiki/Pipe_organ" title="Pipe organ">pipe organ</a> inside.<a href="#cite_note-NYCL_p._12-13">[13]</a> Stubbins had intended the structure's shape to resemble a pair of hands "held up in prayer with light coming between them".<a href="#cite_note-nyt19740408-57">[55]</a> Arnaldo Pomodoro designed a bronze cross for the exterior, which was installed in 1982 and measures 8 ft (2.4 m) tall by 6 ft (1.8 m) wide.<a href="#cite_note-179">[175]</a> The church's main sanctuary is adjacent to the lower plaza<a href="#cite_note-NYCL_pp._10-11-174">[170]</a><a href="#cite_note-Schmertz_p._112-180">[176]</a> and is about 5 ft (1.5 m) beneath the plaza.<a href="#cite_note-NYCL_pp._10-11-174">[170]</a> The sanctuary has movable pews that can seat up to 850 people.<a href="#cite_note-Stern_(1995)_p._496-15">[15]</a> There was also a black-box theater, a library, kitchen, daycare center, clergy offices, dressing rooms, choir rooms, and lecture and community rooms.<a href="#cite_note-nyt19740408-57">[55]</a> Upon the church's completion, there was a two-manual, two-pedal organ with 2,175 pipes.<a href="#cite_note-181">[177]</a> Inside the church is the 24-seat <a href="/wiki/Chapel_of_the_Good_Shepherd_(Louise_Nevelson)" title="Chapel of the Good Shepherd (Louise Nevelson)">Chapel of the Good Shepherd</a> (also known as the Nevelson Chapel),<a href="#cite_note-Cascone_2020-182">[178]</a> which was donated by parishioner Erol Beker<a href="#cite_note-Stern_(1995)_p._495-183">[179]</a> and designed by sculptor <a href="/wiki/Louise_Nevelson" title="Louise Nevelson">Louise Nevelson</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Schmertz_p._112-180">[176]</a><a href="#cite_note-Nevelson_Chapel_2018-184">[180]</a> The basement theater was used by the <a href="/wiki/York_Theatre" title="York Theatre">York Theatre</a>.<a href="#cite_note-185">[181]</a> St. Peter's Church also hosts a <a href="/wiki/Jazz" title="Jazz">jazz</a> ministry created by the Rev. <a href="/wiki/John_Garcia_Gensel" title="John Garcia Gensel">John Garcia Gensel</a>, who in 1965 became the Minister to the Jazz Community.<a href="#cite_note-186">[182]</a><a href="#cite_note-187">[183]</a> The jazz ministry has sponsored several programs over the years,<a href="#cite_note-NYCL_p._12-13">[13]</a> such as free jazz performances at the base of the office tower.<a href="#cite_note-188">[184]</a> The church has hosted memorials and funerals for jazz musicians such as <a href="/wiki/Miles_Davis" title="Miles Davis">Miles Davis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dizzy_Gillespie" title="Dizzy Gillespie">Dizzy Gillespie</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Thelonious_Monk" title="Thelonious Monk">Thelonious Monk</a>.<a href="#cite_note-NYCL_p._12-13">[13]</a> In 2021, the church was seriously damaged after a broken <a href="/wiki/Water_main" class="mw-redirect" title="Water main">water main</a> flooded its space.<a href="#cite_note-189">[185]</a><a href="#cite_note-190">[186]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Structural_features">Structural features</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Citigroup_Center&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Structural features">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:53rd_St_Lex_Av_td_10_-_Citigroup_Center.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Base of the Citigroup Center as seen from Lexington Avenue and 53rd Street. St. Peter's Evangelical Lutheran Church is visible to the left below the skyscraper." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/53rd_St_Lex_Av_td_10_-_Citigroup_Center.jpg/220px-53rd_St_Lex_Av_td_10_-_Citigroup_Center.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/53rd_St_Lex_Av_td_10_-_Citigroup_Center.jpg/330px-53rd_St_Lex_Av_td_10_-_Citigroup_Center.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/53rd_St_Lex_Av_td_10_-_Citigroup_Center.jpg/440px-53rd_St_Lex_Av_td_10_-_Citigroup_Center.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5472" data-file-height="3648" /></a><figcaption>Base of the Citigroup Center. St. Peter's Evangelical Lutheran Church is visible to the left below the skyscraper; the location of the church influenced the columns' locations.</figcaption></figure> The tower stories are of <a href="/wiki/Tube_(structure)#Trussed_or_braced" title="Tube (structure)">trussed-tube</a> construction.<a href="#cite_note-NYCL_p._9-88">[86]</a><a href="#cite_note-191">[187]</a> Each of the tower stories measures 157 by 157 ft (48 by 48 m),<a href="#cite_note-AISC1978-143">[141]</a><a href="#cite_note-ENR_p._69-192">[188]</a> or 24,600 sq ft (2,290 m2) in total.<a href="#cite_note-Stephens1977-193">[189]</a> Within the office stories, the elevator shafts and emergency stairs are embedded in a service core at the center of each story.<a href="#cite_note-Schmertz_p._111-194">[190]</a> The core is about 68 by 68 ft (21 by 21 m), while the floor space around the core is just less than 45 ft (14 m) wide.<a href="#cite_note-ENR_p._69-192">[188]</a> Overall, the Citigroup Center is made of 24,000 short tons (21,000 long tons; 22,000 t) of steel, two-fifths of the amount used in the <a href="/wiki/Empire_State_Building" title="Empire State Building">Empire State Building</a>.<a href="#cite_note-NYCL_p._9-88">[86]</a><a href="#cite_note-Morgenstern_p._47-195">[191]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Stilts">Stilts</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Citigroup_Center&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Stilts">edit</a>]</div> The tower is supported by four stilts<a href="#cite_note-Berenholtz_Reynolds_1988_p.-161">[157]</a> measuring approximately 112 ft (34 m) high with a cross section of 24 by 24 ft (7.3 by 7.3 m).<a href="#cite_note-AJ-1973-10-53">[51]</a><a href="#cite_note-Stern_(1995)_p._492-42">[40]</a><a href="#cite_note-Schmertz_p._116-171">[167]</a><a href="#cite_note-196">[e]</a> The stilts are underneath the centers of each <a href="/wiki/Elevation_(architecture)" class="mw-redirect" title="Elevation (architecture)">elevation</a> of the facade, and the building's corners are <a href="/wiki/Cantilever" title="Cantilever">cantilevered</a> 72 ft (22 m) outward from the core.<a href="#cite_note-Morgenstern_p._46-81">[79]</a><a href="#cite_note-AR_p._66-146">[144]</a><a href="#cite_note-Nash_2005-164">[160]</a> According to Stanley Goldstein of LeMessurier's New York City office, stilts at the centers of each elevation would be able to withstand forces from "quartering winds" from the corners, compared to stilts at the corners. Additionally, the stilts allowed the building to have a smaller <a href="/wiki/Foundation_(engineering)" title="Foundation (engineering)">foundation</a> than in a conventional building of similar size.<a href="#cite_note-ENR_p._69-192">[188]</a> Each of the individual stilts is composed of four vertical beams; the outer pairs of beams are much heavier than the inner pairs.<a href="#cite_note-AR_p._69-43">[41]</a><a href="#cite_note-ENR_p._70-197">[192]</a> This design prevents the stilt from buckling.<a href="#cite_note-ENR_p._70-197">[192]</a> Inside the stilts are emergency stairs and mechanical ducts.<a href="#cite_note-NYCL_p._9-88">[86]</a><a href="#cite_note-AR_p._69-43">[41]</a> In 2002, following the <a href="/wiki/September_11_attacks" title="September 11 attacks">September 11 attacks</a> the previous year, one of the stilts was reinforced with blast-resistant shields of steel and copper as well as steel bracing.<a href="#cite_note-:0-107">[105]</a><a href="#cite_note-:1-108">[106]</a> There is also an octagonal elevator core in the middle of the building,<a href="#cite_note-NYCL_p._8-45">[43]</a><a href="#cite_note-Nash_2005-164">[160]</a><a href="#cite_note-ENR_p._70-197">[192]</a> which measures 63 by 72 ft (19 by 22 m)<a href="#cite_note-ENR_p._70-197">[192]</a> and carries half of the building's gravity-related structural loads.<a href="#cite_note-AR_p._69-43">[41]</a> Beneath the lowest office story, the core contains only elevators, and the emergency staircases are within the stilts.<a href="#cite_note-ENR_p._70-197">[192]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Chevrons">Chevrons</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Citigroup_Center&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Chevrons">edit</a>]</div> Above the stilts, within the walls, are stacked load-bearing braces in the form of inverted <a href="/wiki/Chevron_(insignia)" title="Chevron (insignia)">chevrons</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Stern_(1995)_p._493-62">[60]</a><a href="#cite_note-slate_2014-86">[84]</a> Each elevation of the facade has six chevrons, which are eight stories tall.<a href="#cite_note-Morgenstern_p._46-81">[79]</a><a href="#cite_note-Nash_2005-164">[160]</a><a href="#cite_note-AR_p._68-198">[193]</a> The wind loads from each eight-story tier are transferred into the center of the frame, where 60 in-wide (150 cm) "mast column transports" extend the tower's entire height.<a href="#cite_note-ENR_p._69-192">[188]</a><a href="#cite_note-AR_p._68-198">[193]</a> The mast columns are 30 in (760 mm) deep at their bases, tapering to 18 in (460 mm) above the 40th floor. The diagonal beams in each chevron are 14 in (360 mm) deep and connect to spandrel panels at the top of each eight-story tier, which are 36 in (910 mm) deep.<a href="#cite_note-ENR_p._69-192">[188]</a> The tops of each eight-story tier (where the diagonal beams meet the building's corners) do not have vertical columns, thus preventing wind loads from accumulating at the tower's corners.<a href="#cite_note-Žaknić_Smith_Rice_Council_on_Tall_Buildings_and_Urban_Habitat_p.-149">[146]</a> The ninth story, the lowest level above the stilts, contains a trussed frame similar to those use in <a href="/wiki/Cantilever_bridge" title="Cantilever bridge">cantilever bridges</a>, where the wind loads are transferred downward into the stilts.<a href="#cite_note-AR_p._68-198">[193]</a><a href="#cite_note-ENR_pp._69-70-199">[194]</a> This story is used as mechanical space.<a href="#cite_note-ENR_pp._69-70-199">[194]</a> The chevrons are not visible from the exterior but can be seen from the offices inside;<a href="#cite_note-Stern_(1995)_p._493-62">[60]</a><a href="#cite_note-AR_p._70-200">[195]</a> this contrasted with structures such as Chicago's <a href="/wiki/John_Hancock_Center" title="John Hancock Center">John Hancock Center</a> in which the diagonal beams could be seen from the outside.<a href="#cite_note-Stern_(1995)_p._493-62">[60]</a><a href="#cite_note-Schmertz_p._115-153">[150]</a><a href="#cite_note-nyt19760919-46">[44]</a> After Citicorp Center's completion, W. Easley Hammer said he thought it was a mistake to conceal the chevrons,<a href="#cite_note-Stern_(1995)_p._493-62">[60]</a> while LeMessurier said that Stubbins had rejected his idea for exposed chevrons.<a href="#cite_note-Morgenstern_p._46-81">[79]</a><a href="#cite_note-NYCL_p._9-88">[86]</a> The chevrons were originally bolted to each other with over two hundred joints.<a href="#cite_note-NYCL_p._9-88">[86]</a><a href="#cite_note-Morgenstern_pp._46-47-85">[83]</a> Following the <a href="/wiki/Citicorp_Center_engineering_crisis" title="Citicorp Center engineering crisis">Citicorp Center engineering crisis</a> of 1978, workers installed 2 in-thick (5.1 cm) steel plates over each joint.<a href="#cite_note-NYCL_p._9-88">[86]</a><a href="#cite_note-Morgenstern_p._50-87">[85]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Interior">Interior</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Citigroup_Center&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Interior">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CityCorp_Center_Manh_lobby_plaza_jeh.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Interior of the tower's public lobby, which contains trees, tables, and chairs" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/CityCorp_Center_Manh_lobby_plaza_jeh.JPG/220px-CityCorp_Center_Manh_lobby_plaza_jeh.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="193" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/CityCorp_Center_Manh_lobby_plaza_jeh.JPG/330px-CityCorp_Center_Manh_lobby_plaza_jeh.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/CityCorp_Center_Manh_lobby_plaza_jeh.JPG/440px-CityCorp_Center_Manh_lobby_plaza_jeh.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2632" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>Public lobby</figcaption></figure> The tower contains approximately 1.3×10<s style="display:none">^</s>6 sq ft (120,000 m2) of rentable space.<a href="#cite_note-skyscraperCenter-1">[1]</a> The office annex to the east contains about 270,000 sq ft (25,000 m2) of space.<a href="#cite_note-Stern_(1995)_p._493-62">[60]</a> According to the Department of City Planning, the building has a <a href="/wiki/Gross_floor_area" class="mw-redirect" title="Gross floor area">gross floor area</a> of 1,654,020 sq ft (153,663 m2),<a href="#cite_note-ZoLa-5">[5]</a> while, according to <a href="/wiki/The_Skyscraper_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="The Skyscraper Center">The Skyscraper Center</a>, the building has 1,578,883 sq ft (146,683.0 m2).<a href="#cite_note-skyscraperCenter-1">[1]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Base">Base</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Citigroup_Center&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Base">edit</a>]</div> The Citigroup Center's main entrance lobby is at the middle of the Lexington Avenue frontage, across a footbridge that also provides entrance to St. Peter's Church. The main entrance consists of a double-height glass box, with steel ribs, that is 70 ft (21 m) long. The lobby was constructed as part of a 2010 renovation.<a href="#cite_note-Architect_Magazine-113">[111]</a> There is a three-story shopping concourse at the base of the stilts, originally called the Market.<a href="#cite_note-Berenholtz_Reynolds_1988_p.-161">[157]</a><a href="#cite_note-newsday19780115-59">[57]</a><a href="#cite_note-nyt19760604-72">[70]</a> The lowest level, corresponding to the lower lobby, includes a plant-filled atrium measuring 85 ft (26 m) high, with a skylight measuring 90 by 100 ft (27 by 30 m).<a href="#cite_note-Stern_(1995)_p._495-183">[179]</a><a href="#cite_note-PA_p._57-201">[196]</a> The corner of Third Avenue and 54th Street contained an entrance to the lowest level of the shopping concourse, while on 54th Street was an entrance to the second level.<a href="#cite_note-PA_p._57-201">[196]</a> The storefronts were designed to blend in with the plaza and street, with similar floor surfaces and transparent exterior walls.<a href="#cite_note-nyt19770821-68">[66]</a> Overall, the stores were intended as a commitment to the city, a corporate symbol, and a tourist attraction, according to one of Citicorp's vice presidents, Arthur E. Driscoll.<a href="#cite_note-Stern_(1995)_p._493-62">[60]</a><a href="#cite_note-nyt19760604-72">[70]</a> From 1987 to 2008, the bank presented a <a href="/wiki/Model_train" class="mw-redirect" title="Model train">model train</a> exhibition in the space each December.<a href="#cite_note-202">[197]</a> The shopping concourse was renamed The Shops at Citicorp Center in 1995,<a href="#cite_note-nyt19950507-97">[95]</a> and it was known as the Atrium by 2016.<a href="#cite_note-NYCL_p._14-79">[77]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Mechanical_features">Mechanical features</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Citigroup_Center&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Mechanical features">edit</a>]</div> In the office stories, the elevators and stairs are clustered in a central core.<a href="#cite_note-Schmertz_p._114-55">[53]</a> The building contains 20 <a href="/wiki/Double-deck_elevator" title="Double-deck elevator">double-deck elevators</a>,<a href="#cite_note-wsj19740402-203">[198]</a><a href="#cite_note-PA_p._34-204">[199]</a> which <a href="/wiki/Otis_Worldwide" title="Otis Worldwide">Otis Worldwide</a> constructed for $7 million.<a href="#cite_note-wsj19740402-203">[198]</a><a href="#cite_note-205">[200]</a> Although each of the upper or lower decks serves only odd or even floors, visitors can travel between odd and even floors using escalators.<a href="#cite_note-Mackay2010-206">[201]</a> Each of the elevators consists of two standard elevator cabs that operate simultaneously in one shaft.<a href="#cite_note-wsj19740402-203">[198]</a><a href="#cite_note-PA_p._34-204">[199]</a> The elevators cost 25 percent more than standard elevators but allowed for a 24 percent reduction in the floor area taken up by elevators,<a href="#cite_note-csm19751104-207">[202]</a> as twenty-six single-deck elevator shafts would have been required otherwise.<a href="#cite_note-Stephens1977-193">[189]</a> The Citigroup Center's double-deck elevators were likely the first to be installed in New York City since 1932, when the <a href="/wiki/70_Pine_Street" title="70 Pine Street">Cities Service Building</a> was completed.<a href="#cite_note-NYCL_p._11-14">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-Stern_(1995)_p._492-42">[40]</a> In total, the Citigroup Center has 38 elevators.<a href="#cite_note-skyscraperCenter-1">[1]</a> At Citicorp Center's completion, a "supermail" system delivered each tenant's mail. Incoming mail was sorted in the basement and transferred via lifts to each floor, where the mail was transported manually to fixed bins.<a href="#cite_note-PA_1978-07-208">[203]</a> The building also contained 2,500 sensors to monitor the mechanical systems, such as <a href="/wiki/Heating,_ventilation,_and_air_conditioning" title="Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning">HVAC</a>, lighting, electrical, sprinkler, life-safety, security, and elevator systems.<a href="#cite_note-PA_p._34-204">[199]</a> The sloped roof houses mechanical equipment.<a href="#cite_note-ENR_p._68-151">[148]</a> The building was intended to be energy-efficient compared to its contemporaries.<a href="#cite_note-AJ-1973-10-53">[51]</a><a href="#cite_note-nyt19771029-150">[147]</a><a href="#cite_note-PA_p._34-204">[199]</a> Its water supply consisted entirely of cold water;<a href="#cite_note-ENR_p._68-151">[148]</a> heat from the building's mechanical systems was recirculated to warm the water and the office spaces.<a href="#cite_note-nyt19771029-150">[147]</a> The office spaces were cooled with outside air wherever it was practical.<a href="#cite_note-nyt19771029-150">[147]</a> The fluorescent light bars in the ceiling, manufactured by Joseph Loring & Associates, were fitted with glass shields to spread artificial light across a wider area.<a href="#cite_note-nyt19771029-150">[147]</a><a href="#cite_note-PA_p._34-204">[199]</a> Even though the rooftop solar collectors were not installed, the other features were intended to reduce energy use by up to 42 percent, compared with a regular office building of the same size.<a href="#cite_note-nyt19771012-69">[67]</a> During the summer, the building used a conventional air-conditioning system, offsetting any energy saved by the heat-deflecting facade.<a href="#cite_note-Stephens1977-193">[189]</a> Citicorp Center was the city's first skyscraper to feature a <a href="/wiki/Tuned_mass_damper" title="Tuned mass damper">tuned mass damper</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Stern_(1995)_p._493-62">[60]</a><a href="#cite_note-Žaknić_Smith_Rice_Council_on_Tall_Buildings_and_Urban_Habitat_p.-149">[146]</a><a href="#cite_note-AR_p._70-200">[195]</a> Located within the rooftop mechanical space, the TMD is designed to counteract swaying motions due to wind and reduces wind-related movement by up to fifty percent.<a href="#cite_note-NYCL_p._9-88">[86]</a><a href="#cite_note-209">[204]</a><a href="#cite_note-210">[205]</a> The equipment weighs 400 short tons (360 long tons; 360 t) and includes a concrete block measuring 30 by 30 by 6 ft (9.1 by 9.1 by 1.8 m).<a href="#cite_note-AISC1978-143">[141]</a><a href="#cite_note-Stern_(1995)_p._493-62">[60]</a><a href="#cite_note-nyt19760919-46">[44]</a> The block sits on an oil-coated steel plate and has two spring mechanisms, one each to counteract north–south and east–west movement.<a href="#cite_note-AR_p._70-200">[195]</a> The equipment cost around $1.5 million to install.<a href="#cite_note-Connor2003-211">[206]</a> By comparison, it would have cost $5 million<a href="#cite_note-AR_p._70-200">[195]</a> to reduce the tower's movement by adding 2,800 short tons (2,500 long tons; 2,500 t) of additional steel.<a href="#cite_note-Connor2003-211">[206]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Impact">Impact</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Citigroup_Center&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Impact">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reception">Reception</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Citigroup_Center&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Reception">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Citigroup_Center_05.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Close-up of the base, looking toward the roof. One of the columns, as well as the structural core, are visible in the image." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Citigroup_Center_05.JPG/220px-Citigroup_Center_05.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="329" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Citigroup_Center_05.JPG/330px-Citigroup_Center_05.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Citigroup_Center_05.JPG/440px-Citigroup_Center_05.JPG 2x" data-file-width="685" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption>Close-up of the base</figcaption></figure> As one of three office buildings approved in Manhattan during 1974, Citicorp Center received much media attention during its construction.<a href="#cite_note-NYCL_p._13-58">[56]</a> After the design was announced, the architectural writer <a href="/wiki/Ada_Louise_Huxtable" title="Ada Louise Huxtable">Ada Louise Huxtable</a> criticized the design in The New York Times, saying that the tower "has neither romanticism nor structural rationalism but, instead, appears to have been painstakingly invented with a tortured logic through a series of pragmatic and esthetic compromises".<a href="#cite_note-Stern_(1995)_p._493-62">[60]</a><a href="#cite_note-212">[207]</a> As the building was being completed, Huxtable took a less harsh tone, saying that it contained a "clear desire for design quality" despite the drawbacks of the form and roof.<a href="#cite_note-NYCL_p._13-58">[56]</a><a href="#cite_note-213">[208]</a> A writer for the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Daily_News" title="New York Daily News">New York Daily News</a> described the building as being a typical New York City office structure that would only attract notice if it were built elsewhere.<a href="#cite_note-214">[209]</a> A <a href="/wiki/New_York_(magazine)" title="New York (magazine)">New York</a> magazine writer, Suzanne Stephens, stated that the building was simply a modified version of a 1950s skyscraper,<a href="#cite_note-Stern_(1995)_p._493-62">[60]</a><a href="#cite_note-Stephens1977-193">[189]</a> considering the rooftop and base to be wasteful with space.<a href="#cite_note-Stephens1977-193">[189]</a> After the building's completion, it had mixed reception. The architectural critic <a href="/wiki/Paul_Goldberger" title="Paul Goldberger">Paul Goldberger</a> wrote for The New York Times that the roof was unusual and that the building had a reflective facade and a varied form, but that the overall design was not particularly innovative.<a href="#cite_note-nyt19771012-69">[67]</a> Another architectural critic, Jack Egan, similarly wrote for <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a> that the building had distinctive design features but did not appeal to either nostalgia or novel innovation.<a href="#cite_note-wp19771015-47">[45]</a> Huxtable regarded the plaza as an architectural success but observed in January 1978 that very few people used it.<a href="#cite_note-nyt19780126-77">[75]</a> <a href="/wiki/August_Heckscher_II" title="August Heckscher II">August Heckscher II</a>, a former New York City parks commissioner, described the interior as "an amenity in which we can all rejoice".<a href="#cite_note-Stern_(1995)_p._495-183">[179]</a><a href="#cite_note-NYCL_p._14-79">[77]</a><a href="#cite_note-nyt19771222-215">[210]</a> Nevertheless, Heckscher believed the atrium's silver cladding and light fixtures to be unwelcoming and suggestive of the indoors,<a href="#cite_note-Stern_(1995)_p._495-183">[179]</a><a href="#cite_note-nyt19771222-215">[210]</a> and Stephens said that the benefits of the atrium did not transcend class boundaries.<a href="#cite_note-Stern_(1995)_p._495-183">[179]</a><a href="#cite_note-216">[211]</a> Other critics described Citicorp Center in a largely positive light. The historian and writer <a href="/wiki/John_Tauranac" title="John Tauranac">John Tauranac</a> described the tower as the "most dramatic new skyscraper" in New York City since the completion of <a href="/wiki/30_Rockefeller_Plaza" title="30 Rockefeller Plaza">30 Rockefeller Plaza</a> several decades prior.<a href="#cite_note-NYCL_p._13-58">[56]</a><a href="#cite_note-217">[212]</a> The architect and writer <a href="/wiki/Robert_A._M._Stern" title="Robert A. M. Stern">Robert A. M. Stern</a> said Citicorp Center was the summation of the "unique architectural and urbanistic character that made Fifty-third Street at once an enclave within midtown and a microcosm of midtown itself".<a href="#cite_note-Stern_(1995)_p._490-10">[10]</a> The urbanist and sociologist <a href="/wiki/William_H._Whyte" title="William H. Whyte">William H. Whyte</a> spoke positively of the structure for its juxtaposition of design elements, such as the exterior plaza and sidewalk.<a href="#cite_note-NYCL_p._11-14">[14]</a> The building was also praised by publications outside the New York City area.<a href="#cite_note-NYCL_p._13-58">[56]</a> <a href="/wiki/The_Baltimore_Sun" title="The Baltimore Sun">The Baltimore Sun</a> described the building as being simultaneously sophisticated and simple-looking,<a href="#cite_note-sun19790624-148">[145]</a> while <a href="/wiki/The_Observer" title="The Observer">The Observer</a> of London wrote that the building was a "unique contribution" to the skyline of Manhattan's East Side.<a href="#cite_note-NYCL_p._13-58">[56]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Awards_and_use_as_icon">Awards and use as icon</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Citigroup_Center&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Awards and use as icon">edit</a>]</div> Upon Citicorp Center's completion, it received several architectural awards. In 1978, the <a href="/wiki/City_Club_of_New_York" title="City Club of New York">City Club of New York</a> gave the building a Bard Award, which recognized "excellence in architecture and urban design".<a href="#cite_note-218">[213]</a> The same year, the <a href="/wiki/American_Institute_of_Steel_Construction" title="American Institute of Steel Construction">American Institute of Steel Construction</a> gave its Architectural Award of Excellence to Citicorp for the building's design.<a href="#cite_note-AISC1978-143">[141]</a><a href="#cite_note-NYCL_p._13-58">[56]</a> The <a href="/wiki/American_Institute_of_Architects" title="American Institute of Architects">American Institute of Architects</a> (AIA) gave Citicorp an Honor Award in 1979,<a href="#cite_note-Emporis-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-219">[214]</a> and Hugh Stubbins and Associates received the AIA's R.S. Reynolds Memorial Award in 1981 for using aluminum in Citicorp Center's design.<a href="#cite_note-AR_1981-07-220">[215]</a><a href="#cite_note-221">[216]</a> The AIA's 2007 survey <a href="/wiki/America%27s_Favorite_Architecture" title="America's Favorite Architecture">List of America's Favorite Architecture</a> ranked the Citigroup Center among the top 150 buildings in the United States.<a href="#cite_note-222">[217]</a><a href="#cite_note-nyt-2007-05-27-223">[218]</a> The sloped roof of the building has been used for branding purposes. For instance, it is included on the label of <a href="/wiki/Chock_full_o%27Nuts" title="Chock full o'Nuts">Chock full o'Nuts</a> coffee.<a href="#cite_note-224">[219]</a> In addition, the top left corner of the first "M" in <a href="/wiki/Manhattan_Mini_Storage" title="Manhattan Mini Storage">Manhattan Mini Storage</a>'s logo was sloped to resemble the Citigroup Center's roof.<a href="#cite_note-Anderson_2012-225">[220]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Citigroup_Center&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><a href="/wiki/File:P_parthenon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/P_parthenon.svg/31px-P_parthenon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="31" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/P_parthenon.svg/47px-P_parthenon.svg.png 1.5x, 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Designated Landmarks in Manhattan from 14th to 59th Streets">List of New York City Designated Landmarks in Manhattan from 14th to 59th Streets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_New_York_City" title="List of tallest buildings in New York City">List of tallest buildings in New York City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_the_United_States" title="List of tallest buildings in the United States">List of tallest buildings in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_freestanding_steel_structures" title="List of tallest freestanding steel structures">List of tallest freestanding steel structures</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Citigroup_Center&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notes">Notes</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Citigroup_Center&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a> The northwest, northeast, and southwest corners of the block correspond respectively to the corners of Lexington Avenue and 54th Street; Third Avenue and 54th Street; and Lexington Avenue and 53rd Street.<a href="#cite_note-ZoLa-5">[5]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSchmertz1978">Schmertz 1978</a>, p. 112, erroneously states that St. Peter's was founded at Lexington Avenue and 54th Street; the church was established several blocks south at 46th Street.<a href="#cite_note-NYCL_p._5-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-Hellman_p._31-12">[12]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-147"><a href="#cite_ref-147">^</a> The height is alternatively cited as 914 ft (279 m).<a href="#cite_note-Stern_(1995)_p._493-62">[60]</a><a href="#cite_note-AR_p._66-146">[144]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-156"><a href="#cite_ref-156">^</a> The roof height is alternatively given as 130 ft (40 m).<a href="#cite_note-nyt19780122-76">[74]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-196"><a href="#cite_ref-196">^</a> A New York Times article says that the columns are 114 ft (35 m) high with a cross section of 22 by 22 ft (6.7 by 6.7 m).<a href="#cite_note-nyt19771012-69">[67]</a> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Citigroup_Center&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Citations">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-skyscraperCenter-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-skyscraperCenter_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-skyscraperCenter_1-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-skyscraperCenter_1-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-skyscraperCenter_1-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-skyscraperCenter_1-4">e</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120615204426/http://skyscrapercenter.com/new-york-city/citigroup-center">"Citigroup Center – The Skyscraper Center"</a>. Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://skyscrapercenter.com/new-york-city/citigroup-center/">the original</a> on June 15, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Council+on+Tall+Buildings+and+Urban+Habitat&rft.atitle=Citigroup+Center+%E2%80%93+The+Skyscraper+Center&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fskyscrapercenter.com%2Fnew-york-city%2Fcitigroup-center%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACitigroup+Center" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Emporis-2">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Emporis_2-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Emporis_2-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Emporis_2-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Emporis_2-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070929143521/http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=citigroupcenter-newyorkcity-ny-usa">"601 Lexington Avenue"</a>. Emporis. Archived from the original on September 29, 2007. Retrieved January 1, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=601+Lexington+Avenue&rft.pub=Emporis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.emporis.com%2Fbuildings%2F114152%2F601-lexington-new-york-city-ny-usa&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACitigroup+Center" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: unfit URL (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_unfit_URL" title="Category:CS1 maint: unfit URL">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-NYCL_p._1-3">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NYCL_p._1_3-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYCL_p._1_3-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYCL_p._1_3-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYCL_p._1_3-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYCL_p._1_3-4">e</a> <a href="#CITEREFLandmarks_Preservation_Commission2016">Landmarks Preservation Commission 2016</a>, p. 1. </li> <li id="cite_note-aia5-4">^ <a href="#cite_ref-aia5_4-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-aia5_4-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhiteWillenskyLeadon2010" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Norval_White" title="Norval White">White, Norval</a>; Willensky, Elliot; Leadon, Fran (2010). <a href="/wiki/AIA_Guide_to_New_York_City" title="AIA Guide to New York City">AIA Guide to New York City</a> (5th ed.). New York: Oxford University Press. p. 320. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19538-386-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19538-386-7"><bdi>978-0-19538-386-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=AIA+Guide+to+New+York+City&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=320&rft.edition=5th&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-19538-386-7&rft.aulast=White&rft.aufirst=Norval&rft.au=Willensky%2C+Elliot&rft.au=Leadon%2C+Fran&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACitigroup+Center" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ZoLa-5">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ZoLa_5-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ZoLa_5-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ZoLa_5-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ZoLa_5-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ZoLa_5-4">e</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zola.planning.nyc.gov/l/lot/1/1308/7501#15.9/40.758421/-73.967056">"601 Lexington Avenue, 10022"</a>. <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Department_of_City_Planning" title="New York City Department of City Planning">New York City Department of City Planning</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220411040611/https://zola.planning.nyc.gov/l/lot/1/1308/7501#15.9/40.758421/-73.967056">Archived</a> from the original on April 11, 2022. Retrieved March 20, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=New+York+City+Department+of+City+Planning&rft.atitle=601+Lexington+Avenue%2C+10022&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fzola.planning.nyc.gov%2Fl%2Flot%2F1%2F1308%2F7501%2315.9%2F40.758421%2F-73.967056&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACitigroup+Center" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYCL_p._5-6">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NYCL_p._5_6-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYCL_p._5_6-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYCL_p._5_6-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYCL_p._5_6-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYCL_p._5_6-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYCL_p._5_6-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYCL_p._5_6-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYCL_p._5_6-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYCL_p._5_6-8">i</a> <a href="#CITEREFLandmarks_Preservation_Commission2016">Landmarks Preservation Commission 2016</a>, p. 5. </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.mta.info/maps/neighborhood_maps.htm">"MTA Neighborhood Maps: Midtown Manhattan"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Transportation_Authority" title="Metropolitan Transportation Authority">Metropolitan Transportation Authority</a>. 2018. Retrieved October 1, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=MTA+Neighborhood+Maps%3A+Midtown+Manhattan&rft.pub=Metropolitan+Transportation+Authority&rft.date=2018&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fweb.mta.info%2Fmaps%2Fneighborhood_maps.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACitigroup+Center" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hellman_p._32-8">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hellman_p._32_8-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hellman_p._32_8-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFHellman1974">Hellman 1974</a>, p. 32. </li> <li id="cite_note-Hellman_p._34-9">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hellman_p._34_9-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hellman_p._34_9-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hellman_p._34_9-2">c</a> <a href="#CITEREFHellman1974">Hellman 1974</a>, p. 34. </li> <li id="cite_note-Stern_(1995)_p._490-10">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Stern_(1995)_p._490_10-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stern_(1995)_p._490_10-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stern_(1995)_p._490_10-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stern_(1995)_p._490_10-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stern_(1995)_p._490_10-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stern_(1995)_p._490_10-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stern_(1995)_p._490_10-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stern_(1995)_p._490_10-7">h</a> <a href="#CITEREFSternMellinsFishman1995">Stern, Mellins & Fishman 1995</a>, p. 490. </li> <li id="cite_note-nyt19710131-11">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nyt19710131_11-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-nyt19710131_11-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-nyt19710131_11-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhitehouse1971" class="citation news cs1">Whitehouse, Franklin (January 31, 1971). "Bank Assembling Site". The New York Times. p. R7. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ProQuest" title="ProQuest">ProQuest</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.proquest.com/docview/119118595">119118595</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Bank+Assembling+Site&rft.pages=R7&rft.date=1971-01-31&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Whitehouse&rft.aufirst=Franklin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACitigroup+Center" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hellman_p._31-12">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hellman_p._31_12-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hellman_p._31_12-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hellman_p._31_12-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hellman_p._31_12-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hellman_p._31_12-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hellman_p._31_12-5">f</a> <a href="#CITEREFHellman1974">Hellman 1974</a>, p. 31. </li> <li id="cite_note-NYCL_p._12-13">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NYCL_p._12_13-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYCL_p._12_13-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYCL_p._12_13-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYCL_p._12_13-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYCL_p._12_13-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYCL_p._12_13-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYCL_p._12_13-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYCL_p._12_13-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYCL_p._12_13-8">i</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYCL_p._12_13-9">j</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYCL_p._12_13-10">k</a> <a href="#CITEREFLandmarks_Preservation_Commission2016">Landmarks Preservation Commission 2016</a>, p. 12. </li> <li id="cite_note-NYCL_p._11-14">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NYCL_p._11_14-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYCL_p._11_14-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYCL_p._11_14-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYCL_p._11_14-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYCL_p._11_14-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYCL_p._11_14-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYCL_p._11_14-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYCL_p._11_14-7">h</a> <a href="#CITEREFLandmarks_Preservation_Commission2016">Landmarks Preservation Commission 2016</a>, p. 11. </li> <li id="cite_note-Stern_(1995)_p._496-15">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Stern_(1995)_p._496_15-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stern_(1995)_p._496_15-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stern_(1995)_p._496_15-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stern_(1995)_p._496_15-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stern_(1995)_p._496_15-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stern_(1995)_p._496_15-5">f</a> <a href="#CITEREFSternMellinsFishman1995">Stern, Mellins & Fishman 1995</a>, p. 496. </li> <li id="cite_note-nyt19780618-17">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nyt19780618_17-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-nyt19780618_17-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHorsley1978" class="citation news cs1">Horsley, Carter B. (June 18, 1978). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1978/06/18/archives/pylons-as-a-way-to-cut-clutter.html">"Pylons as a Way to Cut Clutter"</a>. The New York Times. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220411040614/https://www.nytimes.com/1978/06/18/archives/pylons-as-a-way-to-cut-clutter.html">Archived</a> from the original on April 11, 2022. 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Financing American Enterprise: the Story of Commercial Banking. Greenwood Press. p. 74. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-313-23576-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-313-23576-4"><bdi>978-0-313-23576-4</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/8451784">8451784</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Financing+American+Enterprise%3A+the+Story+of+Commercial+Banking&rft.pages=74&rft.pub=Greenwood+Press&rft.date=1982&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F8451784&rft.isbn=978-0-313-23576-4&rft.aulast=Trescott&rft.aufirst=Paul&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACitigroup+Center" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"City Bank Moves to Its New Home: $70,000,000 Cash and $500,000,000 Securities Transferred Without the Slightest Hitch". 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December 20, 1908. p. 3. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ProQuest" title="ProQuest">ProQuest</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.proquest.com/docview/96796221">96796221</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=City+Bank+Moves+to+Its+New+Home%3A+%2470%2C000%2C000+Cash+and+%24500%2C000%2C000+Securities+Transferred+Without+the+Slightest+Hitch&rft.pages=3&rft.date=1908-12-20&rft.issn=0362-4331&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACitigroup+Center" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFvan_B._ClevelandHuertas1985" class="citation book cs1">van B. 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The New York Times. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220411040617/https://www.nytimes.com/1977/12/05/archives/no-taint-of-materialism-in-church-design-at-bank-center.html">Archived</a> from the original on April 11, 2022. 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Retrieved April 3, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=An+Office+Tower+on+Columns+Designed+for+Church+Facility&rft.date=1974-04-08&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Horsley&rft.aufirst=Carter+B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1974%2F04%2F08%2Farchives%2Fan-office-tower-on-columns-designed-for-church-facility-twice-as.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACitigroup+Center" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYCL_p._13-58">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NYCL_p._13_58-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYCL_p._13_58-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYCL_p._13_58-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYCL_p._13_58-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYCL_p._13_58-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYCL_p._13_58-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYCL_p._13_58-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYCL_p._13_58-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYCL_p._13_58-8">i</a> <a href="#CITEREFLandmarks_Preservation_Commission2016">Landmarks Preservation Commission 2016</a>, p. 13. </li> <li id="cite_note-newsday19780115-59">^ <a href="#cite_ref-newsday19780115_59-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-newsday19780115_59-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-newsday19780115_59-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWallach1978" class="citation news cs1">Wallach, Amei (January 15, 1978). 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New York Daily News. p. 155. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220411040654/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/75180918/she-draws-the-interest-at-citicorp/">Archived</a> from the original on April 11, 2022. Retrieved April 5, 2021 – via newspapers.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+York+Daily+News&rft.atitle=She+Draws+The+Interest+At+Citicorp&rft.pages=155&rft.date=1977-09-19&rft.aulast=Gottlieb&rft.aufirst=Martin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fclip%2F75180918%2Fshe-draws-the-interest-at-citicorp%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACitigroup+Center" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOser1975" class="citation news cs1">Oser, Alan S. (September 24, 1975). 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Retrieved April 5, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Executives+and+Workmen+Celebrate+Topping+Out+Of+the+Citicorp+Center&rft.date=1976-10-07&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1976%2F10%2F07%2Farchives%2Fexecutives-and-workmen-celebrate-topping-out-of-the-citicorp-center.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACitigroup+Center" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/75118252/cornerstone-ceremonies/">"Cornerstone Ceremonies"</a>. New York Daily News. 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The New York Times. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220411040653/https://www.nytimes.com/1976/12/14/archives/citibank-buying-buildings-to-keep-sex-shops-away-from-its-offices.html">Archived</a> from the original on April 11, 2022. 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The New York Times. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210721153203/https://www.nytimes.com/1977/10/12/archives/long-island-opinion-citicorps-center-reflects-synthesis-of.html">Archived</a> from the original on July 21, 2021. 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The New York Times. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180221051748/http://www.nytimes.com/1977/10/04/archives/conran-the-first-kid-on-citicorps-block-celebrates-opening-of-his.html">Archived</a> from the original on February 21, 2018. 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Retrieved April 5, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Lexington+Avenue+Mall+Being+Planned+as+a+U.N.+of+Food&rft.date=1976-06-04&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Ferretti&rft.aufirst=Fred&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1976%2F06%2F04%2Farchives%2Flexington-avenue-mall-being-planned-as-a-un-of-food-a-onestop.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACitigroup+Center" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVecsey1977" class="citation news cs1">Vecsey, George (October 16, 1977). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1977/10/16/archives/citicorp-towers-over-st-peters-but-the-church-is-not-in-shadow.html">"Citicorp Towers Over. St. Peter's But the Church Is Not in Shadow"</a>. The New York Times. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210206182626/https://www.nytimes.com/1977/10/16/archives/citicorp-towers-over-st-peters-but-the-church-is-not-in-shadow.html">Archived</a> from the original on February 6, 2021. Retrieved April 5, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Citicorp+Towers+Over.+St.+Peter%27s+But+the+Church+Is+Not+in+Shadow&rft.date=1977-10-16&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Vecsey&rft.aufirst=George&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1977%2F10%2F16%2Farchives%2Fciticorp-towers-over-st-peters-but-the-church-is-not-in-shadow.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACitigroup+Center" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilson1977" class="citation news cs1">Wilson, John S. (December 2, 1977). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1977/12/02/archives/jazz-in-church-from-vespers-to-matins.html">"Jazz in Church From Vespers to Matins"</a>. The New York Times. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220411040639/https://www.nytimes.com/1977/12/02/archives/jazz-in-church-from-vespers-to-matins.html">Archived</a> from the original on April 11, 2022. 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January 22, 1978. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200528074635/https://www.nytimes.com/1978/01/22/archives/top-of-citicorp-center-poses-an-icy-problem.html">Archived</a> from the original on May 28, 2020. Retrieved April 5, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Top+of+Citicorp+Center+Poses+an+Icy+Problem&rft.date=1978-01-22&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1978%2F01%2F22%2Farchives%2Ftop-of-citicorp-center-poses-an-icy-problem.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACitigroup+Center" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-nyt19780126-77">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nyt19780126_77-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-nyt19780126_77-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHuxtable1978" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ada_Louise_Huxtable" title="Ada Louise Huxtable">Huxtable, Ada Louise</a> (January 26, 1978). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1978/01/26/archives/the-sabotaging-of-pubic-space-design-notebook.html">"The Sabotaging of Public Space"</a>. The New York Times. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210625004252/https://www.nytimes.com/1978/01/26/archives/the-sabotaging-of-pubic-space-design-notebook.html">Archived</a> from the original on June 25, 2021. Retrieved April 5, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=The+Sabotaging+of+Public+Space&rft.date=1978-01-26&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Huxtable&rft.aufirst=Ada+Louise&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1978%2F01%2F26%2Farchives%2Fthe-sabotaging-of-pubic-space-design-notebook.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACitigroup+Center" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAustin1981" class="citation news cs1">Austin, Charles (March 2, 1981). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1981/03/02/nyregion/church-at-citicorp-center-is-facing-fiscal-trouble.html">"Church at Citicorp Center Is Facing Fiscal Trouble"</a>. The New York Times. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180125220913/http://www.nytimes.com/1981/03/02/nyregion/church-at-citicorp-center-is-facing-fiscal-trouble.html">Archived</a> from the original on January 25, 2018. Retrieved April 6, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Church+at+Citicorp+Center+Is+Facing+Fiscal+Trouble&rft.date=1981-03-02&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Austin&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1981%2F03%2F02%2Fnyregion%2Fchurch-at-citicorp-center-is-facing-fiscal-trouble.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACitigroup+Center" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYCL_p._14-79">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NYCL_p._14_79-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYCL_p._14_79-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYCL_p._14_79-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYCL_p._14_79-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYCL_p._14_79-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYCL_p._14_79-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYCL_p._14_79-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYCL_p._14_79-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYCL_p._14_79-8">i</a> <a href="#CITEREFLandmarks_Preservation_Commission2016">Landmarks Preservation Commission 2016</a>, p. 14. </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1980/06/28/113948346.pdf">"Trials of a Skyscraper Mall; Many Tenants Are Dissatisfied With Citicorp"</a> (PDF). The New York Times. June 28, 1980. p. B1. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220411040551/http://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1980/06/28/113948346.html?pdf_redirect=true&site=false">Archived</a> from the original on April 11, 2022. Retrieved April 6, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Trials+of+a+Skyscraper+Mall%3B+Many+Tenants+Are+Dissatisfied+With+Citicorp&rft.pages=B1&rft.date=1980-06-28&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftimesmachine.nytimes.com%2Ftimesmachine%2F1980%2F06%2F28%2F113948346.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACitigroup+Center" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Morgenstern_p._46-81">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Morgenstern_p._46_81-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Morgenstern_p._46_81-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Morgenstern_p._46_81-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Morgenstern_p._46_81-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Morgenstern_p._46_81-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Morgenstern_p._46_81-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Morgenstern_p._46_81-6">g</a> <a href="#CITEREFMorgenstern1995">Morgenstern 1995</a>, p. 46. </li> <li id="cite_note-McGinn_2018_p._82-82">^ <a href="#cite_ref-McGinn_2018_p._82_82-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-McGinn_2018_p._82_82-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcGinn2018" class="citation book cs1">McGinn, Robert (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=sCA4DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA82">The Ethical Engineer: Contemporary Concepts and Cases</a>. Princeton University Press. p. 82. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4008-8910-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4008-8910-5"><bdi>978-1-4008-8910-5</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210506174135/https://books.google.com/books?id=sCA4DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA82">Archived</a> from the original on May 6, 2021. 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Retrieved April 6, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Business+Standard&rft.atitle=Citi+Doesn%27t+Live+Here+Anymore+as+Name+Comes+Off+NYC+Skyscraper&rft.date=2013-01-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.business-standard.com%2Farticle%2Ffinance%2Fciti-doesn-39-t-live-here-anymore-as-name-comes-off-new-york-skyscraper-108121501044_1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACitigroup+Center" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rew-online.com/boston-properties-sells-1-5b-package-to-norway/">"Boston Properties sells $1.5B package to Norway"</a>. Real Estate Weekly. 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Retrieved April 6, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Progressive+Architecture&rft.atitle=Technics%3A+exterior+wall+panels&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=85&rft.date=1978-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fusmodernist.org%2FPA%2FPA-1978-02.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACitigroup+Center" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Schmertz_p._115-153">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Schmertz_p._115_153-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Schmertz_p._115_153-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Schmertz_p._115_153-2">c</a> <a href="#CITEREFSchmertz1978">Schmertz 1978</a>, p. 115. </li> <li id="cite_note-154"><a href="#cite_ref-154">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHorsley1980" class="citation news cs1">Horsley, Carter B. (March 16, 1980). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1980/03/16/archives/citicorps-skyscraper-weathering-tower-is-weathering.html">"Citicorp's Skyscraper 'Weathering'; Tower is 'Weathering'"</a>. The New York Times. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220411040606/https://www.nytimes.com/1980/03/16/archives/citicorps-skyscraper-weathering-tower-is-weathering.html">Archived</a> from the original on April 11, 2022. Retrieved April 5, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Citicorp%27s+Skyscraper+%27Weathering%27%3B+Tower+is+%27Weathering%27&rft.date=1980-03-16&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Horsley&rft.aufirst=Carter+B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1980%2F03%2F16%2Farchives%2Fciticorps-skyscraper-weathering-tower-is-weathering.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACitigroup+Center" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Stichweh_2016-155">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Stichweh_2016_155-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stichweh_2016_155-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStichweh2016" class="citation book cs1">Stichweh, Dirk (2016). New York Skyscrapers. <a href="/wiki/Prestel_Publishing" title="Prestel Publishing">Prestel Publishing</a>. p. 113. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-7913-8226-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-7913-8226-5"><bdi>978-3-7913-8226-5</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/923852487">923852487</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=New+York+Skyscrapers&rft.pages=113&rft.pub=Prestel+Publishing&rft.date=2016&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F923852487&rft.isbn=978-3-7913-8226-5&rft.aulast=Stichweh&rft.aufirst=Dirk&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACitigroup+Center" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-157"><a href="#cite_ref-157">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAssociated_Press1975" class="citation news cs1">Associated Press (February 5, 1975). "MIT To Run Solar Energy Design Project". The Hartford Courant. p. 55. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ProQuest" title="ProQuest">ProQuest</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.proquest.com/docview/542764559">542764559</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hartford+Courant&rft.atitle=MIT+To+Run+Solar+Energy+Design+Project&rft.pages=55&rft.date=1975-02-05&rft.au=Associated+Press&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACitigroup+Center" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-158"><a href="#cite_ref-158">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://usmodernist.org/AR/AR-1975-03.pdf">"MIT Team Will Lead Major Solar Study"</a> (PDF). Architectural Record. Vol. 157. March 1975. p. 35. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210803204139/https://usmodernist.org/AR/AR-1975-03.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on August 3, 2021. Retrieved April 5, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Architectural+Record&rft.atitle=MIT+Team+Will+Lead+Major+Solar+Study&rft.volume=157&rft.pages=35&rft.date=1975-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fusmodernist.org%2FAR%2FAR-1975-03.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACitigroup+Center" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-159"><a href="#cite_ref-159">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarroll1976" class="citation news cs1">Carroll, Robert (February 4, 1976). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/75120350/skyscraper-drops-solar-energy-plans/">"Skyscraper Drops Solar-Energy Plans"</a>. New York Daily News. p. 33. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220411040623/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/75120350/skyscraper-drops-solar-energy-plans/">Archived</a> from the original on April 11, 2022. Retrieved April 5, 2021 – via newspapers.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+York+Daily+News&rft.atitle=Skyscraper+Drops+Solar-Energy+Plans&rft.pages=33&rft.date=1976-02-04&rft.aulast=Carroll&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fclip%2F75120350%2Fskyscraper-drops-solar-energy-plans%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACitigroup+Center" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-160"><a href="#cite_ref-160">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1976/03/14/archives/citiscraper.html">"Citiscraper"</a>. The New York Times. March 14, 1976. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220411040607/https://www.nytimes.com/1976/03/14/archives/citiscraper.html">Archived</a> from the original on April 11, 2022. Retrieved April 5, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Citiscraper&rft.date=1976-03-14&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1976%2F03%2F14%2Farchives%2Fcitiscraper.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACitigroup+Center" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Berenholtz_Reynolds_1988_p.-161">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Berenholtz_Reynolds_1988_p._161-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Berenholtz_Reynolds_1988_p._161-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Berenholtz_Reynolds_1988_p._161-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBerenholtzReynolds1988" class="citation book cs1">Berenholtz, Richard; Reynolds, Donald M. (1988). Manhattan architecture. New York: Prentice Hall Press. p. 194. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-13-551987-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-13-551987-X"><bdi>0-13-551987-X</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/17732386">17732386</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Manhattan+architecture&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=194&rft.pub=Prentice+Hall+Press&rft.date=1988&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F17732386&rft.isbn=0-13-551987-X&rft.aulast=Berenholtz&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft.au=Reynolds%2C+Donald+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACitigroup+Center" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Stern_(1995)_pp._492-493-162"><a href="#cite_ref-Stern_(1995)_pp._492-493_162-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSternMellinsFishman1995">Stern, Mellins & Fishman 1995</a>, pp. 492–493. </li> <li id="cite_note-Stubbins_1976_p.-163"><a href="#cite_ref-Stubbins_1976_p._163-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStubbins1976" class="citation book cs1">Stubbins, Hugh (1976). Architecture, the design experience. New York: Wiley. p. 19. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-471-83482-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-471-83482-3"><bdi>978-0-471-83482-3</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1974044">1974044</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Architecture%2C+the+design+experience&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=19&rft.pub=Wiley&rft.date=1976&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1974044&rft.isbn=978-0-471-83482-3&rft.aulast=Stubbins&rft.aufirst=Hugh&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACitigroup+Center" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nash_2005-164">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Nash_2005_164-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nash_2005_164-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nash_2005_164-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nash_2005_164-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNash2005" class="citation book cs1">Nash, Eric (2005). Manhattan Skyscrapers. New York: Princeton Architectural Press. p. 141. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-56898-652-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-56898-652-4"><bdi>978-1-56898-652-4</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/407907000">407907000</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Manhattan+Skyscrapers&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=141&rft.pub=Princeton+Architectural+Press&rft.date=2005&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F407907000&rft.isbn=978-1-56898-652-4&rft.aulast=Nash&rft.aufirst=Eric&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACitigroup+Center" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-165"><a href="#cite_ref-165">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAssociated_Press1983" class="citation news cs1">Associated Press (September 23, 1983). "Solar Study Starts On Citicorp's Roof". The New York Times. p. B5. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ProQuest" title="ProQuest">ProQuest</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.proquest.com/docview/122163019">122163019</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Solar+Study+Starts+On+Citicorp%27s+Roof&rft.pages=B5&rft.date=1983-09-23&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.au=Associated+Press&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACitigroup+Center" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYCL_p._10-166">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NYCL_p._10_166-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYCL_p._10_166-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYCL_p._10_166-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYCL_p._10_166-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYCL_p._10_166-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYCL_p._10_166-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYCL_p._10_166-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYCL_p._10_166-7">h</a> <a href="#CITEREFLandmarks_Preservation_Commission2016">Landmarks Preservation Commission 2016</a>, p. 10. </li> <li id="cite_note-167"><a href="#cite_ref-167">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKaydenThe_Municipal_Art_Society_of_New_York2000" class="citation book cs1">Kayden, Jerold S.; The Municipal Art Society of New York (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=OpeNSAfYASoC&pg=PA9">Privately Owned Public Space: The New York City Experience</a>. Wiley. p. 10. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-471-36257-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-471-36257-9"><bdi>978-0-471-36257-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Privately+Owned+Public+Space%3A+The+New+York+City+Experience&rft.pages=10&rft.pub=Wiley&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-471-36257-9&rft.aulast=Kayden&rft.aufirst=Jerold+S.&rft.au=The+Municipal+Art+Society+of+New+York&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DOpeNSAfYASoC%26pg%3DPA9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACitigroup+Center" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-168"><a href="#cite_ref-168">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCity_Planning_Commission1975" class="citation book cs1">City Planning Commission (1975). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/2407010">New life for plazas</a>. City of New York. p. 5. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/2407010">2407010</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220411040614/https://www.worldcat.org/title/new-life-for-plazas/oclc/2407010">Archived</a> from the original on April 11, 2022. Retrieved April 5, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=New+life+for+plazas&rft.pages=5&rft.pub=City+of+New+York&rft.date=1975&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F2407010&rft.au=City+Planning+Commission&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F2407010&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACitigroup+Center" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-nyt19750417-169">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nyt19750417_169-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-nyt19750417_169-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFowler1975" class="citation news cs1">Fowler, Glenn (April 17, 1975). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1975/04/17/archives/city-planning-unit-moving-to-create-human-open-space-at-skyscrapers.html">"City Planning Unit Moving to Create 'Hunan' Open Space at Skyscrapers"</a>. The New York Times. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220411040616/https://www.nytimes.com/1975/04/17/archives/city-planning-unit-moving-to-create-human-open-space-at-skyscrapers.html">Archived</a> from the original on April 11, 2022. Retrieved April 5, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=City+Planning+Unit+Moving+to+Create+%27Hunan%27+Open+Space+at+Skyscrapers&rft.date=1975-04-17&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Fowler&rft.aufirst=Glenn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1975%2F04%2F17%2Farchives%2Fcity-planning-unit-moving-to-create-human-open-space-at-skyscrapers.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACitigroup+Center" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Schmertz_pp._114-115-170"><a href="#cite_ref-Schmertz_pp._114-115_170-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSchmertz1978">Schmertz 1978</a>, pp. 114–115. </li> <li id="cite_note-Schmertz_p._116-171">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Schmertz_p._116_171-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Schmertz_p._116_171-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFSchmertz1978">Schmertz 1978</a>, p. 116. </li> <li id="cite_note-Morrone_2009_p._169-172"><a href="#cite_ref-Morrone_2009_p._169_172-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorrone2009" class="citation book cs1">Morrone, Francis (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=EnM7nPb43DoC&pg=PA169">Architectural Guidebook to New York City</a>. Gibbs Smith. p. 169. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4236-1116-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4236-1116-5"><bdi>978-1-4236-1116-5</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220411040616/https://books.google.com/books?id=EnM7nPb43DoC&pg=PA169">Archived</a> from the original on April 11, 2022. Retrieved December 13, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Architectural+Guidebook+to+New+York+City&rft.pages=169&rft.pub=Gibbs+Smith&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-4236-1116-5&rft.aulast=Morrone&rft.aufirst=Francis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DEnM7nPb43DoC%26pg%3DPA169&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACitigroup+Center" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-173"><a href="#cite_ref-173">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.mta.info/maps/neighborhoods/mn/M11_midtown_2015.pdf">"MTA Neighborhood Maps: Midtown"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Transportation_Authority" title="Metropolitan Transportation Authority">Metropolitan Transportation Authority</a>. 2018. Retrieved October 1, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=MTA+Neighborhood+Maps%3A+Midtown&rft.pub=Metropolitan+Transportation+Authority&rft.date=2018&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fweb.mta.info%2Fmaps%2Fneighborhoods%2Fmn%2FM11_midtown_2015.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACitigroup+Center" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYCL_pp._10-11-174">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NYCL_pp._10-11_174-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYCL_pp._10-11_174-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYCL_pp._10-11_174-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYCL_pp._10-11_174-3">d</a> <a href="#CITEREFLandmarks_Preservation_Commission2016">Landmarks Preservation Commission 2016</a>, pp. 10–11. </li> <li id="cite_note-Time_Out_New_York_2012_e805-175"><a href="#cite_ref-Time_Out_New_York_2012_e805_175-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.timeout.com/newyork/attractions/st-peters-church">"St. Peter's Church"</a>. Time Out New York. April 13, 2012. Retrieved January 1, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Time+Out+New+York&rft.atitle=St.+Peter%27s+Church&rft.date=2012-04-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.timeout.com%2Fnewyork%2Fattractions%2Fst-peters-church&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACitigroup+Center" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Alpern_2011_p.-176"><a href="#cite_ref-Alpern_2011_p._176-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlpernDurst2011" class="citation book cs1">Alpern, Andrew; Durst, Seymour (2011). Holdouts!: the buildings that got in the way. Old York Foundation Distributed by David R. Godine, Publisher. p. 116. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-56792-443-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-56792-443-5"><bdi>978-1-56792-443-5</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/722452921">722452921</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Holdouts%21%3A+the+buildings+that+got+in+the+way&rft.pages=116&rft.pub=Old+York+Foundation+Distributed+by+David+R.+Godine%2C+Publisher&rft.date=2011&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F722452921&rft.isbn=978-1-56792-443-5&rft.aulast=Alpern&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft.au=Durst%2C+Seymour&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACitigroup+Center" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-177"><a href="#cite_ref-177">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMontgomery1971" class="citation news cs1">Montgomery, Paul L. (May 24, 1971). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1971/05/24/archives/office-complex-to-house-an-old-east-side-church-office-complex-to.html">"Office Complexto House An Old East Side Church"</a>. The New York Times. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220331072116/https://www.nytimes.com/1971/05/24/archives/office-complex-to-house-an-old-east-side-church-office-complex-to.html">Archived</a> from the original on March 31, 2022. Retrieved April 5, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Office+Complexto+House+An+Old+East+Side+Church&rft.date=1971-05-24&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Montgomery&rft.aufirst=Paul+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1971%2F05%2F24%2Farchives%2Foffice-complex-to-house-an-old-east-side-church-office-complex-to.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACitigroup+Center" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-178"><a href="#cite_ref-178">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDunlap2004" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/David_W._Dunlap" title="David W. Dunlap">Dunlap, David W.</a> (2004). From Abyssinian to Zion: A Guide to Manhattan's Houses of Worship. New York: <a href="/wiki/Columbia_University_Press" title="Columbia University Press">Columbia University Press</a>. p. 241. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-231-12543-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-231-12543-7"><bdi>0-231-12543-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=From+Abyssinian+to+Zion%3A+A+Guide+to+Manhattan%27s+Houses+of+Worship&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=241&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0-231-12543-7&rft.aulast=Dunlap&rft.aufirst=David+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACitigroup+Center" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-179"><a href="#cite_ref-179">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHabermanJohnston1982" class="citation news cs1">Haberman, Clyde; Johnston, Laurie (November 5, 1982). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1982/11/05/nyregion/new-york-day-by-day-a-cross-for-st-peter-s.html">"A Cross for St. Peter's"</a>. The New York Times. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150524104251/http://www.nytimes.com/1982/11/05/nyregion/new-york-day-by-day-a-cross-for-st-peter-s.html">Archived</a> from the original on May 24, 2015. Retrieved April 5, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=A+Cross+for+St.+Peter%27s&rft.date=1982-11-05&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Haberman&rft.aufirst=Clyde&rft.au=Johnston%2C+Laurie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1982%2F11%2F05%2Fnyregion%2Fnew-york-day-by-day-a-cross-for-st-peter-s.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACitigroup+Center" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Schmertz_p._112-180">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Schmertz_p._112_180-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Schmertz_p._112_180-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFSchmertz1978">Schmertz 1978</a>, p. 112. </li> <li id="cite_note-181"><a href="#cite_ref-181">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHughes1977" class="citation news cs1">Hughes, Allen (December 9, 1977). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1977/12/09/archives/music-st-peters-pipe-organ.html">"Music: St. Peter's Pipe Organ"</a>. 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The Wall Street Journal. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0099-9660">0099-9660</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171223220506/https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB111455757986017645">Archived</a> from the original on December 23, 2017. 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The New York Times. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220411040622/https://www.nytimes.com/1978/06/11/archives/free-jazz-at-citicorp-center-dick-hyman-to-perform-salutes-to.html">Archived</a> from the original on April 11, 2022. 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Tokyo: Process Architecture. p. 148. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-89860-011-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-89860-011-7"><bdi>978-0-89860-011-7</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/6044418">6044418</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220411040624/https://www.worldcat.org/title/hugh-stubbins-architecture-in-the-spirit-of-the-times/oclc/6044418">Archived</a> from the original on April 11, 2022. 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Look Down, Not Up"</a>. The New York Times. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220411040701/https://www.nytimes.com/1974/01/06/archives/the-new-urban-image-look-down-not-up.html">Archived</a> from the original on April 11, 2022. 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The New York Times. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200602083458/https://www.nytimes.com/1977/06/05/archives/architecture-view-an-acrobatic-act-of-architecture-architecture.html">Archived</a> from the original on June 2, 2020. Retrieved April 5, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Architecture+View&rft.date=1977-06-05&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Huxtable&rft.aufirst=Ada+Louise&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1977%2F06%2F05%2Farchives%2Farchitecture-view-an-acrobatic-act-of-architecture-architecture.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACitigroup+Center" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-214"><a href="#cite_ref-214">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReel1977" class="citation news cs1">Reel, William (December 16, 1977). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/75211909/east-side-west-side-all-over-town/">"East side, West side, all over town"</a>. New York Daily News. p. 165. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220411040713/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/75211909/east-side-west-side-all-over-town/">Archived</a> from the original on April 11, 2022. Retrieved April 6, 2021 – via newspapers.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+York+Daily+News&rft.atitle=East+side%2C+West+side%2C+all+over+town&rft.pages=165&rft.date=1977-12-16&rft.aulast=Reel&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fclip%2F75211909%2Feast-side-west-side-all-over-town%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACitigroup+Center" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-nyt19771222-215">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nyt19771222_215-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-nyt19771222_215-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeckscher1977" class="citation news cs1">Heckscher, August (December 22, 1977). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1977/12/22/archives/westchester-opinion-design-notebook.html">"Design Notebook;"</a>. The New York Times. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220411040702/https://www.nytimes.com/1977/12/22/archives/westchester-opinion-design-notebook.html">Archived</a> from the original on April 11, 2022. Retrieved April 6, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Design+Notebook%3B&rft.date=1977-12-22&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Heckscher&rft.aufirst=August&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1977%2F12%2F22%2Farchives%2Fwestchester-opinion-design-notebook.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACitigroup+Center" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-216"><a href="#cite_ref-216">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFProgressive_Architecture1978">Progressive Architecture 1978</a>, pp. 54, 58. </li> <li id="cite_note-217"><a href="#cite_ref-217">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTauranac1979" class="citation book cs1">Tauranac, John (1979). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/4494970">Essential New York: a guide to the history and architecture of Manhattan's important buildings, parks, and bridges</a>. New York: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-03-042626-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-03-042626-1"><bdi>978-0-03-042626-1</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/4494970">4494970</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220411040730/https://www.worldcat.org/title/essential-new-york-a-guide-to-the-history-and-architecture-of-manhattans-important-buildings-parks-and-bridges/oclc/4494970">Archived</a> from the original on April 11, 2022. Retrieved April 5, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Essential+New+York%3A+a+guide+to+the+history+and+architecture+of+Manhattan%27s+important+buildings%2C+parks%2C+and+bridges&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Holt%2C+Rinehart%2C+and+Winston&rft.date=1979&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F4494970&rft.isbn=978-0-03-042626-1&rft.aulast=Tauranac&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F4494970&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACitigroup+Center" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-218"><a href="#cite_ref-218">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoldberger1978" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Goldberger" title="Paul Goldberger">Goldberger, Paul</a> (June 6, 1978). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1978/06/06/archives/new-jersey-pages-diversity-marks-architecture-awards-no-longer-a.html">"Diversity Marks Architecture Awards"</a>. The New York Times. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220411040705/https://www.nytimes.com/1978/06/06/archives/new-jersey-pages-diversity-marks-architecture-awards-no-longer-a.html">Archived</a> from the original on April 11, 2022. Retrieved April 6, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Diversity+Marks+Architecture+Awards&rft.date=1978-06-06&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Goldberger&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1978%2F06%2F06%2Farchives%2Fnew-jersey-pages-diversity-marks-architecture-awards-no-longer-a.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACitigroup+Center" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-219"><a href="#cite_ref-219">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoldberger1979" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Goldberger" title="Paul Goldberger">Goldberger, Paul</a> (April 29, 1979). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1979/04/29/archives/aia-prizes-go-to-the-grand-and-the-modest-aia-prizes-go-to-the.html">"A.I.A. Prizes Go to the Grand and the Modest"</a>. The New York Times. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220411040719/https://www.nytimes.com/1979/04/29/archives/aia-prizes-go-to-the-grand-and-the-modest-aia-prizes-go-to-the.html">Archived</a> from the original on April 11, 2022. Retrieved April 6, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=A.I.A.+Prizes+Go+to+the+Grand+and+the+Modest&rft.date=1979-04-29&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Goldberger&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1979%2F04%2F29%2Farchives%2Faia-prizes-go-to-the-grand-and-the-modest-aia-prizes-go-to-the.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACitigroup+Center" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-AR_1981-07-220"><a href="#cite_ref-AR_1981-07_220-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://usmodernist.org/AR/AR-1981-07.pdf">"The 25th R.S. Reynolds Memorial Award was presented to Hugh Stubbins and Associates, Inc"</a> (PDF). Architectural Record. Vol. 63, no. 7. p. 33. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210803211510/https://usmodernist.org/AR/AR-1981-07.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on August 3, 2021. Retrieved April 6, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Architectural+Record&rft.atitle=The+25th+R.S.+Reynolds+Memorial+Award+was+presented+to+Hugh+Stubbins+and+Associates%2C+Inc.&rft.volume=63&rft.issue=7&rft.pages=33&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fusmodernist.org%2FAR%2FAR-1981-07.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACitigroup+Center" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-221"><a href="#cite_ref-221">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Citicorp Center Honored for Its Use of Aluminum". Los Angeles Times. May 31, 1981. p. I16. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ProQuest" title="ProQuest">ProQuest</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.proquest.com/docview/152788273">152788273</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Citicorp+Center+Honored+for+Its+Use+of+Aluminum&rft.pages=I16&rft.date=1981-05-31&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACitigroup+Center" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-222"><a href="#cite_ref-222">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110510113118/http://favoritearchitecture.org/afa150.php">"List of America's Favorite Architecture"</a>. FavoriteArchitecture.org. AIA. 2007. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://favoritearchitecture.org/afa150.php">the original</a> on May 10, 2011. Retrieved September 27, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=FavoriteArchitecture.org&rft.atitle=List+of+America%27s+Favorite+Architecture&rft.date=2007&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffavoritearchitecture.org%2Fafa150.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACitigroup+Center" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-nyt-2007-05-27-223"><a href="#cite_ref-nyt-2007-05-27_223-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKugel2007" class="citation news cs1">Kugel, Seth (May 27, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2007/05/27/travel/27Bweekend.html">"The List: 33 Architectural Favorites in New York"</a>. The New York Times. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230120163218/https://www.nytimes.com/2007/05/27/travel/27Bweekend.html">Archived</a> from the original on January 20, 2023. Retrieved January 20, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=The+List%3A+33+Architectural+Favorites+in+New+York&rft.date=2007-05-27&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Kugel&rft.aufirst=Seth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2007%2F05%2F27%2Ftravel%2F27Bweekend.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACitigroup+Center" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-224"><a href="#cite_ref-224">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarron2004" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/James_Barron_(journalist)" title="James Barron (journalist)">Barron, James</a> (June 19, 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2004/06/19/nyregion/lost-towers-reflected-in-a-can.html">"Lost Towers, Reflected in a Can"</a>. The New York Times. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181211010104/https://www.nytimes.com/2004/06/19/nyregion/lost-towers-reflected-in-a-can.html">Archived</a> from the original on December 11, 2018. Retrieved July 24, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Lost+Towers%2C+Reflected+in+a+Can&rft.date=2004-06-19&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Barron&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2004%2F06%2F19%2Fnyregion%2Flost-towers-reflected-in-a-can.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACitigroup+Center" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Anderson_2012-225"><a href="#cite_ref-Anderson_2012_225-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnderson2012" class="citation web cs1">Anderson, L.V. (September 11, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://slate.com/culture/2012/09/twin-towers-in-company-logos-why-some-businesses-have-kept-the-world-trade-center-buildings-after-11-years.html">"In These Company Logos, the Twin Towers Still Stand"</a>. Slate. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220411040631/https://slate.com/culture/2012/09/twin-towers-in-company-logos-why-some-businesses-have-kept-the-world-trade-center-buildings-after-11-years.html">Archived</a> from the original on April 11, 2022. Retrieved April 5, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Slate&rft.atitle=In+These+Company+Logos%2C+the+Twin+Towers+Still+Stand&rft.date=2012-09-11&rft.aulast=Anderson&rft.aufirst=L.V.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fslate.com%2Fculture%2F2012%2F09%2Ftwin-towers-in-company-logos-why-some-businesses-have-kept-the-world-trade-center-buildings-after-11-years.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACitigroup+Center" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Citigroup_Center&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Sources">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFProgressive_Architecture1978" class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://usmodernist.org/PA/PA-1978-12.pdf">"At the core of the Apple"</a> (PDF). Progressive Architecture. Vol. 59, no. 12. December 1978. pp. 54–58, 106.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Progressive+Architecture&rft.atitle=At+the+core+of+the+Apple&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=12&rft.pages=54-58%2C+106&rft.date=1978-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fusmodernist.org%2FPA%2FPA-1978-12.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACitigroup+Center" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArchitectural_Record1976" class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210724202812/https://www.lemessurier.com/sites/default/files/publications/_Citicorp%20ArchRecord%20Aug1976-forweb.pdf">"At New York's Citicorp Center, a structure of masterly invention underlies the urbane face of a skyscraper in the grand manner"</a> (PDF). Architectural Record. Vol. 159, no. E3. August 1978. pp. 66–71. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lemessurier.com/sites/default/files/publications/_Citicorp%20ArchRecord%20Aug1976-forweb.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on July 24, 2021. Retrieved April 5, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Architectural+Record&rft.atitle=At+New+York%27s+Citicorp+Center%2C+a+structure+of+masterly+invention+underlies+the+urbane+face+of+a+skyscraper+in+the+grand+manner&rft.volume=159&rft.issue=E3&rft.pages=66-71&rft.date=1978-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lemessurier.com%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fpublications%2F_Citicorp%2520ArchRecord%2520Aug1976-forweb.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACitigroup+Center" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHellman1974" class="citation magazine cs1">Hellman, Peter (February 24, 1974). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=AKLMSS7yJCgC&pg=PA3">"How They Assembled the Most Expensive Block in New York's History"</a>. <a href="/wiki/New_York_(magazine)" title="New York (magazine)">New York</a>. Vol. 31. pp. 31–37.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+York&rft.atitle=How+They+Assembled+the+Most+Expensive+Block+in+New+York%27s+History&rft.volume=31&rft.pages=31-37&rft.date=1974-02-24&rft.aulast=Hellman&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DAKLMSS7yJCgC%26pg%3DPA3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACitigroup+Center" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEngineering_News-Record1976" class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lemessurier.com/sites/default/files/publications/CiticorpLegsCentered%20ENR%20Jun1976.pdf">"Legs centered under each face carry diagonally braced tower"</a> (PDF). Engineering News-Record. June 24, 1976. pp. 68–70.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Engineering+News-Record&rft.atitle=Legs+centered+under+each+face+carry+diagonally+braced+tower&rft.pages=68-70&rft.date=1976-06-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lemessurier.com%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fpublications%2FCiticorpLegsCentered%2520ENR%2520Jun1976.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACitigroup+Center" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorgenstern1995" class="citation magazine cs1">Morgenstern, Joseph (May 25, 1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/1995/05/29/the-fifty-nine-story-crisis">"The Fifty-Nine-Story Crisis"</a>. The New Yorker. pp. 45–53.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+Yorker&rft.atitle=The+Fifty-Nine-Story+Crisis&rft.pages=45-53&rft.date=1995-05-25&rft.aulast=Morgenstern&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newyorker.com%2Fmagazine%2F1995%2F05%2F29%2Fthe-fifty-nine-story-crisis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACitigroup+Center" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLandmarks_Preservation_Commission2016" class="citation report cs1">Postal, Matthew A. (December 6, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://s-media.nyc.gov/agencies/lpc/lp/2582.pdf">Citicorp Center</a> (PDF) (Report). <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Landmarks_Preservation_Commission" title="New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission">New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Citicorp+Center&rft.pub=New+York+City+Landmarks+Preservation+Commission&rft.date=2016-12-06&rft.aulast=Postal&rft.aufirst=Matthew+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fs-media.nyc.gov%2Fagencies%2Flpc%2Flp%2F2582.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACitigroup+Center" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchmertz1978" class="citation magazine cs1">Schmertz, Mildred F. (June 1978). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://usmodernist.org/AR/AR-1978-06.pdf">"Citicorp Center: If You Don't Like the Crown Look At Its Base"</a> (PDF). Architectural Record. Vol. 163, no. 7.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Architectural+Record&rft.atitle=Citicorp+Center%3A+If+You+Don%27t+Like+the+Crown+Look+At+Its+Base&rft.volume=163&rft.issue=7&rft.date=1978-06&rft.aulast=Schmertz&rft.aufirst=Mildred+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fusmodernist.org%2FAR%2FAR-1978-06.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACitigroup+Center" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSternMellinsFishman1995" class="citation book cs1">Stern, Robert A. M.; Mellins, Thomas; Fishman, David (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/newyork1960archi0000ster">New York 1960: Architecture and Urbanism Between the Second World War and the Bicentennial</a>. New York: Monacelli Press. pp. 490–496. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-885254-02-4" title="Special:BookSources/1-885254-02-4"><bdi>1-885254-02-4</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/32159240">32159240</a>. <a href="/wiki/OL_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OL (identifier)">OL</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlibrary.org/books/OL1130718M">1130718M</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=New+York+1960%3A+Architecture+and+Urbanism+Between+the+Second+World+War+and+the+Bicentennial&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=490-496&rft.pub=Monacelli+Press&rft.date=1995&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F32159240&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopenlibrary.org%2Fbooks%2FOL1130718M%23id-name%3DOL&rft.isbn=1-885254-02-4&rft.aulast=Stern&rft.aufirst=Robert+A.+M.&rft.au=Mellins%2C+Thomas&rft.au=Fishman%2C+David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fnewyork1960archi0000ster&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACitigroup+Center" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Citigroup_Center&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">West of 5th Av</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/One_Worldwide_Plaza" title="One Worldwide Plaza">1 Worldwide Plz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2_Columbus_Circle" title="2 Columbus Circle">2 Columbus Cir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5_Columbus_Circle" title="5 Columbus Circle">5 Columbus Cir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5_West_54th_Street" title="5 West 54th Street">5 W 54th St</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/7_West_54th_Street" title="7 West 54th Street">7 W 54th St</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/10_West_56th_Street" title="10 West 56th Street">10 W 56th St</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/11_West_54th_Street" title="11 West 54th Street">11 W 54th St</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/12_West_56th_Street" title="12 West 56th Street">12 W 56th St</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/13_and_15_West_54th_Street" title="13 and 15 West 54th Street">13–15 W 54th St</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/30_West_44th_Street" title="30 West 44th Street">30 W 44th St (Penn Club)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/30_West_56th_Street" title="30 West 56th Street">30 W 56th St</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/46_West_55th_Street" title="46 West 55th Street">46 W 55th St</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/53W53" title="53W53">53W53</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/111_West_57th_Street" title="111 West 57th Street">111 W 57th St</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_School_of_Performing_Arts" title="High School of Performing Arts">120 W 46th St</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/125_West_55th_Street" title="125 West 55th Street">125 W 55th St</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/130_West_57th_Street" title="130 West 57th Street">130 W 57th St</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/140_West_57th_Street" title="140 West 57th Street">140 W 57th St</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/165_West_57th_Street" title="165 West 57th Street">165 W 57th St</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/200_Central_Park_South" title="200 Central Park South">200 Central Park S</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/218_West_57th_Street" title="218 West 57th Street">218 W 57th St</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/220_Central_Park_South" title="220 Central Park South">220 Central Park S</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/224_West_57th_Street" title="224 West 57th Street">224 W 57th St</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/240_Central_Park_South" title="240 Central Park South">240 Central Park S</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/500_Fifth_Avenue" title="500 Fifth Avenue">500 5th Av</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/520_Fifth_Avenue" title="520 Fifth Avenue">520 5th Av</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/608_Fifth_Avenue" title="608 Fifth Avenue">608 5th Av</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/650_Fifth_Avenue" title="650 Fifth Avenue">650 5th Av</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/660_Fifth_Avenue" title="660 Fifth Avenue">660 5th Av</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/712_Fifth_Avenue" title="712 Fifth Avenue">712 5th Av</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/740_Eighth_Avenue" title="740 Eighth Avenue">740 8th Av</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/750_Seventh_Avenue" title="750 Seventh Avenue">750 7th Av</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/810_Seventh_Avenue" title="810 Seventh Avenue">810 7th Av</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/888_Seventh_Avenue" title="888 Seventh Avenue">888 7th Av</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1166_Avenue_of_the_Americas" title="1166 Avenue of the Americas">1166 6th Av</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1301_Avenue_of_the_Americas" title="1301 Avenue of the Americas">1301 6th Av</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1345_Avenue_of_the_Americas" title="1345 Avenue of the Americas">1345 6th Av</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1717_Broadway" title="1717 Broadway">1717 Broadway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1740_Broadway" title="1740 Broadway">1740 Broadway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aeolian_Building_(42nd_Street)" title="Aeolian Building (42nd Street)">Aeolian Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alwyn_Court" title="Alwyn Court">Alwyn Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Americas_Tower" title="Americas Tower">Americas Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ARO_(building)" title="ARO (building)">ARO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Axa_Equitable_Center" title="Axa Equitable Center">Axa Equitable Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bank_of_America_Tower_(Manhattan)" title="Bank of America Tower (Manhattan)">Bank of America Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bergdorf_Goodman_Building" title="Bergdorf Goodman Building">Bergdorf Goodman Bldg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Briarcliffe" title="The Briarcliffe">The Briarcliffe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brill_Building" title="Brill Building">Brill Bldg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calvary_Baptist_Church_(Manhattan)" title="Calvary Baptist Church (Manhattan)">Calvary Baptist Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carnegie_Hall_Tower" title="Carnegie Hall Tower">Carnegie Hall Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Park_Place" title="Central Park Place">Central Park Place</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Park_Tower" title="Central Park Tower">Central Park Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CBS_Building" title="CBS Building">CBS Bldg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_St._Mary_the_Virgin_(Manhattan)" title="Church of St. Mary the Virgin (Manhattan)">Church of St. Mary the Virgin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown_Building_(Manhattan)" title="Crown Building (Manhattan)">Crown Bldg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coty_Building" title="Coty Building">Coty Bldg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Bank_Center" title="Deutsche Bank Center">Deutsche Bank Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Michelangelo" title="The Michelangelo">Executive Plz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fifth_Avenue_Presbyterian_Church" title="Fifth Avenue Presbyterian Church">Fifth Avenue Presbyterian Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gainsborough_Studios_(Manhattan)" title="Gainsborough Studios (Manhattan)">Gainsborough Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hampshire_House" title="Hampshire House">Hampshire House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hearst_Tower_(Manhattan)" title="Hearst Tower (Manhattan)">Hearst Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manufacturers_Trust_Company_Building" title="Manufacturers Trust Company Building">Manufacturers Trust Bldg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Hellinger_Theatre" title="Mark Hellinger Theatre">Mark Hellinger Theatre</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Times_Square_Church" title="Times Square Church">Times Square Church</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Tower_(Manhattan)" title="Metropolitan Tower (Manhattan)">Metropolitan Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_the_New_York_City_Bar_Association" title="House of the New York City Bar Association">New York City Bar Association Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_Yacht_Club_Building" title="New York Yacht Club Building">New York Yacht Club Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One57" title="One57">One57</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Osborne" title="The Osborne">The Osborne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paramount_Plaza" title="Paramount Plaza">Paramount Plz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Park_House_(New_York_City)" title="Park House (New York City)">Park House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_Center" title="Philippine Center">Philippine Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Random_House_Tower" title="Random House Tower">Random House Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rockefeller_Apartments" title="Rockefeller Apartments">Rockefeller Apts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rodin_Studios" title="Rodin Studios">Rodin Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Malachy_Roman_Catholic_Church" title="St. Malachy Roman Catholic Church">St. Malachy Roman Catholic Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Thomas_Church_(Manhattan)" title="Saint Thomas Church (Manhattan)">St. Thomas Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salmon_Tower_Building" title="Salmon Tower Building">Salmon Tower Bldg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solow_Building" title="Solow Building">Solow Bldg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tower_49" title="Tower 49">Tower 49</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tower_Fifth" title="Tower Fifth">Tower Fifth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trump_Parc" title="Trump Parc">Trump Parc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W._R._Grace_Building" title="W. R. Grace Building">W. R. Grace Bldg</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Rockefeller_Center" title="Rockefeller Center">Rockefeller Center</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1_Rockefeller_Plaza" title="1 Rockefeller Plaza">1 Rockefeller Plz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/10_Rockefeller_Plaza" title="10 Rockefeller Plaza">10 Rockefeller Plz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/30_Rockefeller_Plaza" title="30 Rockefeller Plaza">30 Rockefeller Plz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/50_Rockefeller_Plaza" title="50 Rockefeller Plaza">50 Rockefeller Plz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/75_Rockefeller_Plaza" title="75 Rockefeller Plaza">75 Rockefeller Plz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1211_Avenue_of_the_Americas" title="1211 Avenue of the Americas">1211 6th Av</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1221_Avenue_of_the_Americas" title="1221 Avenue of the Americas">1221 6th Av</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1251_Avenue_of_the_Americas" title="1251 Avenue of the Americas">1251 6th Av</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1271_Avenue_of_the_Americas" title="1271 Avenue of the Americas">1271 6th Av</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Empire_Building" title="British Empire Building">British Empire Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Building_(Rockefeller_Center)" title="International Building (Rockefeller Center)">International Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Maison_Francaise_(Rockefeller_Center)" title="La Maison Francaise (Rockefeller Center)">La Maison Francaise</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Times_Square" title="Times Square">Times Square</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/One_Astor_Plaza" title="One Astor Plaza">1 Astor Plz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One_Times_Square" title="One Times Square">1 Times Sq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3_Times_Square" title="3 Times Square">3 Times Sq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4_Times_Square" title="4 Times Square">4 Times Sq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleven_Times_Square" title="Eleven Times Square">11 Times Sq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/20_Times_Square" title="20 Times Square">20 Times Sq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/229_West_43rd_Street" title="229 West 43rd Street">229 W 43rd St</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Times_Square_Hotel" title="Times Square Hotel">255 W 43rd St</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1500_Broadway" title="1500 Broadway">1500 Broadway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1501_Broadway" title="1501 Broadway">1501 Broadway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1540_Broadway" title="1540 Broadway">1540 Broadway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1552_Broadway" title="1552 Broadway">1552 Broadway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1585_Broadway" title="1585 Broadway">1585 Broadway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TSX_Broadway" title="TSX Broadway">TSX Broadway</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">East of 5th Av</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/One_Vanderbilt" title="One Vanderbilt">One Vanderbilt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3_East_57th_Street" title="3 East 57th Street">3 E 57th St</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hale_Building" title="Hale Building">7 E 44th St</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/12_East_53rd_Street" title="12 East 53rd Street">12 E 53rd St</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/18_East_50th_Street" title="18 East 50th Street">18 E 50th St</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/19_East_54th_Street" title="19 East 54th Street">19 E 54th St</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selene_(building)" title="Selene (building)">100 E 53rd St (Selene)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/138_East_50th_Street" title="138 East 50th Street">138 E 50th St</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/175_Park_Avenue" title="175 Park Avenue">175 Park Av</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/252_East_57th_Street" title="252 East 57th Street">252 E 57th St</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/245_Park_Avenue" title="245 Park Avenue">245 Park Av</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/270_Park_Avenue_(2021%E2%80%93present)" title="270 Park Avenue (2021–present)">270 Park Av</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/277_Park_Avenue" title="277 Park Avenue">277 Park Av</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/299_Park_Avenue" title="299 Park Avenue">299 Park Av</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/345_Park_Avenue" title="345 Park Avenue">345 Park Av</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/383_Madison_Avenue" title="383 Madison Avenue">383 Madison Av</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/399_Park_Avenue" title="399 Park Avenue">399 Park Av</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/400_Madison_Avenue" title="400 Madison Avenue">400 Madison Av</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/425_Park_Avenue" title="425 Park Avenue">425 Park Av</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/432_Park_Avenue" title="432 Park Avenue">432 Park Av</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/450_Lexington_Avenue" title="450 Lexington Avenue">450 Lexington Av</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/450_Park_Avenue" title="450 Park Avenue">450 Park Av</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/488_Madison_Avenue" title="488 Madison Avenue">488 Madison Av (Look Bldg)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/500_Park_Avenue" title="500 Park Avenue">500 Park Av</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/525_Lexington_Avenue" title="525 Lexington Avenue">525 Lexington Av</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/550_Madison_Avenue" title="550 Madison Avenue">550 Madison Av (Sony Bldg)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/569_Lexington_Avenue" title="569 Lexington Avenue">569 Lexington Av</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/590_Madison_Avenue" title="590 Madison Avenue">590 Madison Av (IBM Bldg)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/599_Lexington_Avenue" title="599 Lexington Avenue">599 Lexington Av</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/647_Fifth_Avenue" title="647 Fifth Avenue">647 5th Av</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/689_Fifth_Avenue" title="689 Fifth Avenue">689 5th Av</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/731_Lexington_Avenue" title="731 Lexington Avenue">731 Lexington Av</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/919_Third_Avenue" title="919 Third Avenue">919 3rd Av</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Fifth_Avenue" title="Apple Fifth Avenue">Apple Fifth Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cartier_Building" title="Cartier Building">Cartier Bldg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CBS_Studio_Building" title="CBS Studio Building">CBS Studio Bldg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Synagogue_(Manhattan)" title="Central Synagogue (Manhattan)">Central Synagogue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Scribner%27s_Sons_Building" title="Charles Scribner's Sons Building">Charles Scribner's Sons Bldg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chrysler_Building" title="Chrysler Building">Chrysler Bldg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Sweden_in_New_York" title="Church of Sweden in New York">Church of Sweden in New York</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Citigroup Ctr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CitySpire" title="CitySpire">CitySpire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DuMont_Building" title="DuMont Building">DuMont Bldg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fifth_Church_of_Christ,_Scientist_(New_York_City)" title="Fifth Church of Christ, Scientist (New York City)">Fifth Church of Christ, Scientist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_F._French_Building" title="Fred F. French Building">Fred F. French Bldg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuller_Building" title="Fuller Building">Fuller Bldg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Electric_Building" title="General Electric Building">General Electric Bldg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Motors_Building_(Manhattan)" title="General Motors Building (Manhattan)">General Motors Bldg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graybar_Building" title="Graybar Building">Graybar Bldg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helmsley_Building" title="Helmsley Building">Helmsley Bldg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lever_House" title="Lever House">Lever House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lipstick_Building" title="Lipstick Building">Lipstick Bldg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LVMH_Tower" title="LVMH Tower">LVMH Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MetLife_Building" title="MetLife Building">MetLife Bldg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modulightor_Building" title="Modulightor Building">Modulightor Bldg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_H._Moore_House" title="William H. Moore House">William H. Moore House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olympic_Tower" title="Olympic Tower">Olympic Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Park_Avenue_Plaza" title="Park Avenue Plaza">Park Avenue Plz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Park_Avenue_Tower" title="Park Avenue Tower">Park Avenue Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ritz_Tower" title="Ritz Tower">Ritz Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saks_Fifth_Avenue_flagship_store" title="Saks Fifth Avenue flagship store">Saks Fifth Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Agnes_Church_(New_York_City)" title="St. Agnes Church (New York City)">St. Agnes Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Bartholomew%27s_Episcopal_Church_(Manhattan)" title="St. Bartholomew's Episcopal Church (Manhattan)">St. Bartholomew's Episcopal Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Patrick%27s_Cathedral_(Midtown_Manhattan)" title="St. Patrick's Cathedral (Midtown Manhattan)">St. Patrick's Cathedral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seagram_Building" title="Seagram Building">Seagram Bldg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sutton_58" title="Sutton 58">Sutton 58</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiffany_%26_Co._flagship_store" title="Tiffany & Co. flagship store">Tiffany & Co.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trump_Tower" title="Trump Tower">Trump Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villard_Houses" title="Villard Houses">Villard Houses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_and_Helen_Ziegler_House" title="William and Helen Ziegler House">William and Helen Ziegler House</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Central_Palace" title="Grand Central Palace">Grand Central Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hotel_Marguery" title="Hotel Marguery">Hotel Marguery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mrs._O._H._P._Belmont_House" title="Mrs. O. H. P. Belmont House">Mrs. O. H. P. Belmont House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherwood_Studio_Building" title="Sherwood Studio Building">Sherwood Studio Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Nicholas_Collegiate_Reformed_Protestant_Dutch_Church" title="St. Nicholas Collegiate Reformed Protestant Dutch Church">St. Nicholas Collegiate Reformed Protestant Dutch Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Studebaker_Building_(Midtown_Manhattan)" title="Studebaker Building (Midtown Manhattan)">Studebaker Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_Emanu-El_(New_York,_1868)" title="Temple Emanu-El (New York, 1868)">Temple Emanu-El</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/270_Park_Avenue_(1960%E2%80%932021)" title="270 Park Avenue (1960–2021)">Union Carbide Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanderbilt_Triple_Palace" title="Vanderbilt Triple Palace">Vanderbilt Triple Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_K._Vanderbilt_House" title="William K. Vanderbilt House">William K. Vanderbilt House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Presbyterian_Church" title="West Presbyterian Church">West Presbyterian Church</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Theaters" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Theaters</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Broadway_theaters" title="List of Broadway theaters">Broadway theaters</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ambassador_Theatre_(New_York_City)" title="Ambassador Theatre (New York City)">Ambassador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_Wilson_Theatre" title="August Wilson Theatre">August Wilson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belasco_Theatre" title="Belasco Theatre">Belasco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_B._Jacobs_Theatre" title="Bernard B. Jacobs Theatre">Bernard B. Jacobs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Booth_Theatre" title="Booth Theatre">Booth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broadhurst_Theatre" title="Broadhurst Theatre">Broadhurst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broadway_Theatre_(53rd_Street)" title="Broadway Theatre (53rd Street)">Broadway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circle_in_the_Square_Theatre" title="Circle in the Square Theatre">Circle in the Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethel_Barrymore_Theatre" title="Ethel Barrymore Theatre">Ethel Barrymore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugene_O%27Neill_Theatre" title="Eugene O'Neill Theatre">Eugene O'Neill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerald_Schoenfeld_Theatre" title="Gerald Schoenfeld Theatre">Gerald Schoenfeld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gershwin_Theatre" title="Gershwin Theatre">Gershwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hayes_Theater" title="Hayes Theater">Hayes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hudson_Theatre" title="Hudson Theatre">Hudson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Theatre" title="Imperial Theatre">Imperial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Earl_Jones_Theatre" title="James Earl Jones Theatre">James Earl Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Golden_Theatre" title="John Golden Theatre">John Golden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lena_Horne_Theatre" title="Lena Horne Theatre">Lena Horne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longacre_Theatre" title="Longacre Theatre">Longacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunt-Fontanne_Theatre" title="Lunt-Fontanne Theatre">Lunt-Fontanne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyceum_Theatre_(Broadway)" title="Lyceum Theatre (Broadway)">Lyceum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyric_Theatre_(New_York_City,_1998)" title="Lyric Theatre (New York City, 1998)">Lyric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Majestic_Theatre_(Broadway)" title="Majestic Theatre (Broadway)">Majestic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marquis_Theatre" title="Marquis Theatre">Marquis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minskoff_Theatre" title="Minskoff Theatre">Minskoff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_Box_Theatre" title="Music Box Theatre">Music Box</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neil_Simon_Theatre" title="Neil Simon Theatre">Neil Simon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palace_Theatre_(New_York_City)" title="Palace Theatre (New York City)">Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Rodgers_Theatre" title="Richard Rodgers Theatre">Richard Rodgers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._James_Theatre" title="St. James Theatre">St. James</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_J._Friedman_Theatre" title="Samuel J. Friedman Theatre">Samuel J. Friedman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shubert_Theatre_(Broadway)" title="Shubert Theatre (Broadway)">Shubert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Sondheim_Theatre" title="Stephen Sondheim Theatre">Stephen Sondheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Studio_54" title="Studio 54">Studio 54</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Todd_Haimes_Theatre" title="Todd Haimes Theatre">Todd Haimes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Kerr_Theatre" title="Walter Kerr Theatre">Walter Kerr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winter_Garden_Theatre" title="Winter Garden Theatre">Winter Garden</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other venues</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/55th_Street_Playhouse" title="55th Street Playhouse">55th Street Playhouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carnegie_Hall" title="Carnegie Hall">Carnegie Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ed_Sullivan_Theater" title="Ed Sullivan Theater">Ed Sullivan Theater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_ImaginAsian" title="The ImaginAsian">The ImaginAsian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Victory_Theater" title="New Victory Theater">New Victory Theater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Center" title="New York City Center">New York City Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paris_Theater_(Manhattan)" title="Paris Theater (Manhattan)">Paris Theater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_City_Music_Hall" title="Radio City Music Hall">Radio City Music Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sony_Hall" title="Sony Hall">Sony Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Theater_Center" title="The Theater Center">The Theater Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Town_Hall_(New_York_City)" title="The Town Hall (New York City)">The Town Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/York_Theatre" title="York Theatre">York Theatre</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Closed/demolished</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/44th_Street_Theatre" title="44th Street Theatre">44th Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/48th_Street_Theatre" title="48th Street Theatre">48th Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_Theatre_(42nd_Street)" title="Apollo Theatre (42nd Street)">Apollo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Center_Theatre_(New_York_City)" title="Center Theatre (New York City)">Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capitol_Theatre_(New_York_City)" title="Capitol Theatre (New York City)">Capitol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_Carroll_Theatre" title="Earl Carroll Theatre">Earl Carroll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edison_Theatre" title="Edison Theatre">Edison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Embassy_Theatre_(New_York_City)" title="Embassy Theatre (New York City)">Embassy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fulton_Theatre" title="Fulton Theatre">Fulton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_M._Cohan%27s_Theatre" title="George M. Cohan's Theatre">George M. Cohan's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loew%27s_State_Theatre_(New_York_City)" title="Loew's State Theatre (New York City)">Loew's State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyric_Theatre_(New_York_City,_1998)" title="Lyric Theatre (New York City, 1998)">Lyric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Century_Theatre" title="New Century Theatre">New Century</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olympia_Theatre_(New_York_City)" title="Olympia Theatre (New York City)">Olympia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roxy_Theatre_(New_York_City)" title="Roxy Theatre (New York City)">Roxy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strand_Theatre_(Manhattan)" title="Strand Theatre (Manhattan)">Strand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Times_Square_Theater" title="Times Square Theater">Times Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoria_Theatre_(Hammerstein%27s)" title="Victoria Theatre (Hammerstein's)">Victoria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ziegfeld_Theatre_(1927)" title="Ziegfeld Theatre (1927)">Ziegfeld (1927)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ziegfeld_Theatre_(1969)" title="Ziegfeld Theatre (1969)">Ziegfeld (1969)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Hotels" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Hotels</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Algonquin_Hotel" title="Algonquin Hotel">Algonquin Hotel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allerton_Hotel_for_Women" title="Allerton Hotel for Women">Allerton Hotel for Women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Benjamin_Royal_Sonesta_New_York" title="The Benjamin Royal Sonesta New York">The Benjamin Royal Sonesta New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cassa_Hotel_%26_Residences" title="Cassa Hotel & Residences">Cassa Hotel & Residences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Chatwal_New_York" title="The Chatwal New York">The Chatwal New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Webster_Hotel" title="Webster Hotel">Club Quarters, Midtown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crowne_Plaza_Times_Square_Manhattan" title="Crowne Plaza Times Square Manhattan">Crowne Plaza Times Square Manhattan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Seasons_Hotel_New_York" title="Four Seasons Hotel New York">Four Seasons Hotel New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hotel_Edison" title="Hotel Edison">Hotel Edison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hotel_Elys%C3%A9e" title="Hotel Elysée">Hotel Elysée</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hotel_Gerard" title="Hotel Gerard">Hotel Gerard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyatt_Grand_Central_New_York" title="Hyatt Grand Central New York">Hyatt Grand Central New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/InterContinental_New_York_Barclay_Hotel" title="InterContinental New York Barclay Hotel">InterContinental New York Barclay Hotel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JW_Marriott_Essex_House" title="JW Marriott Essex House">JW Marriott Essex House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Iroquois_New_York" title="The Iroquois New York">The Iroquois New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lexington_Hotel_(New_York_City)" title="Lexington Hotel (New York City)">Lexington Hotel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lombardy_Hotel" title="Lombardy Hotel">Lombardy Hotel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lotte_New_York_Palace_Hotel" title="Lotte New York Palace Hotel">Lotte New York Palace Hotel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luxor_Hotel_(New_York_City)" title="Luxor Hotel (New York City)">Luxor Hotel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mansfield_Hotel" title="Mansfield Hotel">Mansfield Hotel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Michelangelo" title="The Michelangelo">The Michelangelo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Millennium_Times_Square_New_York" title="Millennium Times Square New York">Millennium Times Square New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_Hilton_Midtown" title="New York Hilton Midtown">New York Hilton Midtown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_Marriott_Marquis" title="New York Marriott Marquis">New York Marriott Marquis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paramount_Hotel" title="Paramount Hotel">Paramount Hotel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Park_Central_Hotel" title="Park Central Hotel">Park Central Hotel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Park_Lane_Hotel_(Manhattan)" title="Park Lane Hotel (Manhattan)">Park Lane Hotel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Peninsula_New_York" title="The Peninsula New York">The Peninsula New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plaza_Hotel" title="Plaza Hotel">Plaza Hotel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Quin" title="The Quin">The Quin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hotel_St._Moritz" title="Hotel St. Moritz">The Ritz-Carlton New York, Central Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Smith_Hotel" title="Roger Smith Hotel">Roger Smith Hotel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Row_NYC_Hotel" title="Row NYC Hotel">Row NYC Hotel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royalton_Hotel" title="Royalton Hotel">Royalton Hotel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Regis_New_York" title="St. Regis New York">St. Regis New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheraton_New_York_Times_Square_Hotel" title="Sheraton New York Times Square Hotel">Sheraton New York Times Square Hotel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sofitel_New_York_Hotel" title="Sofitel New York Hotel">Sofitel New York Hotel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thompson_Central_Park_New_York_Hotel" title="Thompson Central Park New York Hotel">Thompson Central Park New York Hotel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waldorf_Astoria_New_York" title="Waldorf Astoria New York">Waldorf Astoria New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warwick_New_York_Hotel" title="Warwick New York Hotel">Warwick New York Hotel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/569_Lexington_Avenue" title="569 Lexington Avenue">DoubleTree by Hilton Hotel Metropolitan New York City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hotel_Carter" title="Hotel Carter">Hotel Carter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hotel_Claridge" title="Hotel Claridge">Hotel Claridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hotel_Manhattan" title="Hotel Manhattan">Hotel Manhattan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hotel_Metropole_(New_York_City)" title="Hotel Metropole (New York City)">Hotel Metropole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_Biltmore_Hotel" title="New York Biltmore Hotel">New York Biltmore Hotel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/525_Lexington_Avenue" title="525 Lexington Avenue">New York Marriott East Side</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omni_Berkshire_Place" title="Omni Berkshire Place">Omni Berkshire Place</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pabst_Hotel" title="Pabst Hotel">Pabst Hotel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ritz-Carlton_Hotel_(New_York_City)" title="Ritz-Carlton Hotel (New York City)">Ritz-Carlton Hotel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roosevelt_Hotel_(Manhattan)" title="Roosevelt Hotel (Manhattan)">Roosevelt Hotel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savoy-Plaza_Hotel" title="Savoy-Plaza Hotel">Savoy-Plaza Hotel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Times_Square_Hotel" title="Times Square Hotel">Times Square Hotel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weylin_Hotel" title="Weylin Hotel">Weylin Hotel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windsor_Hotel_(Manhattan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Windsor Hotel (Manhattan)">Windsor Hotel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Other_points_of_interest" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Other points of interest</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Restaurants/ nightlife</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/21_Club" title="21 Club">21 Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/54_Below" title="54 Below">54 Below</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alto_(restaurant)" title="Alto (restaurant)">Alto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthos_(restaurant)" title="Anthos (restaurant)">Anthos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aureole_(restaurant)" title="Aureole (restaurant)">Aureole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burger_Heaven" title="Burger Heaven">Burger Heaven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Bernardin" title="Le Bernardin">Le Bernardin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cafe_Chambord" title="Cafe Chambord">Cafe Chambord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campbell_Apartment" title="Campbell Apartment">Campbell Apartment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Caravelle_(New_York_City)" title="La Caravelle (New York City)">La Caravelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caviar_Russe" title="Caviar Russe">Caviar Russe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Del_Pezzo_Restaurant" title="Del Pezzo Restaurant">Del Pezzo Restaurant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellen%27s_Stardust_Diner" title="Ellen's Stardust Diner">Ellen's Stardust Diner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Twenty_Five" title="Four Twenty Five">Four Twenty Five</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Kreuther" title="Gabriel Kreuther">Gabriel Kreuther</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallagher%27s_Steakhouse" title="Gallagher's Steakhouse">Gallagher's Steakhouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Central_Oyster_Bar_%26_Restaurant" title="Grand Central Oyster Bar & Restaurant">Grand Central Oyster Bar & Restaurant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Grenouille_(restaurant)" title="La Grenouille (restaurant)">La Grenouille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iridium_Jazz_Club" title="Iridium Jazz Club">Iridium Jazz Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Jardinier" title="Le Jardinier">Le Jardinier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_Cole_Bar" class="mw-redirect" title="King Cole Bar">King Cole Bar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurumazushi" title="Kurumazushi">Kurumazushi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_Quarter_(nightclub)" title="Latin Quarter (nightclub)">Latin Quarter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lespinasse_(restaurant)" title="Lespinasse (restaurant)">Lespinasse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marea_(restaurant)" title="Marea (restaurant)">Marea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naro_(restaurant)" title="Naro (restaurant)">Naro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Seasons_Restaurant" title="Four Seasons Restaurant">The Pool and the Grill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oceana_(restaurant)" title="Oceana (restaurant)">Oceana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Original_Soupman" title="The Original Soupman">The Original Soupman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P._J._Clarke%27s" title="P. J. Clarke's">P. J. Clarke's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patsy%27s" title="Patsy's">Patsy's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Pavillon_(Daniel_Boulud_restaurant)" title="Le Pavillon (Daniel Boulud restaurant)">Le Pavillon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Burger" title="Prime Burger">Prime Burger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Quilted_Giraffe" title="The Quilted Giraffe">The Quilted Giraffe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rainbow_Room" title="Rainbow Room">Rainbow Room</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Restaurant_Aquavit" title="Restaurant Aquavit">Restaurant Aquavit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rumpelmayer%27s_(New_York_City)" title="Rumpelmayer's (New York City)">Rumpelmayer's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Tea_Room" title="Russian Tea Room">Russian Tea Room</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sardi%27s" title="Sardi's">Sardi's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satsuki_(restaurant)" title="Satsuki (restaurant)">Satsuki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shun_Lee_Palace" title="Shun Lee Palace">Shun Lee Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stage_Deli" title="Stage Deli">Stage Deli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Campbell" class="mw-redirect" title="The Campbell">The Campbell</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Museums/ cultural centers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Austrian_Cultural_Forum_New_York" title="Austrian Cultural Forum New York">Austrian Cultural Forum New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Girl_Scout_Museum_and_Archives" title="Girl Scout Museum and Archives">Girl Scout Museum and Archives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_M._Mossman_Lock_Museum" title="John M. Mossman Lock Museum">John M. Mossman Lock Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_Cultural_Center_New_York" title="Korean Cultural Center New York">Korean Cultural Center New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madame_Tussauds_New_York" title="Madame Tussauds New York">Madame Tussauds New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Arts_and_Design" title="Museum of Arts and Design">Museum of Arts and Design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Broadway" title="Museum of Broadway">Museum of Broadway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Modern_Art" title="Museum of Modern Art">Museum of Modern Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_Transit_Museum" title="New York Transit Museum">New York Transit Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paley_Center_for_Media#New_York" title="Paley Center for Media">Paley Center for Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rose_Museum" title="Rose Museum">Rose Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spyscape" title="Spyscape">Spyscape</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Stores</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Argosy_Book_Store" title="Argosy Book Store">Argosy Book Store</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gotham_Book_Mart" title="Gotham Book Mart">Gotham Book Mart</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Clubhouses</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Fine_Arts_Society" title="American Fine Arts Society">American Fine Arts Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Brook" title="The Brook">The Brook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Century_Association" title="Century Association">Century Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornell_Club_of_New_York" title="Cornell Club of New York">Cornell Club of New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harvard_Club_of_New_York_City" title="Harvard Club of New York City">Harvard Club of New York City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_Athletic_Club" title="New York Athletic Club">New York Athletic Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Bar_Association" title="New York City Bar Association">New York City Bar Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_Friars_Club" title="New York Friars Club">New York Friars Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_Yacht_Club" title="New York Yacht Club">New York Yacht Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penn_Club_of_New_York" title="Penn Club of New York">Penn Club of New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racquet_and_Tennis_Club" title="Racquet and Tennis Club">Racquet and Tennis Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_Club_of_New_York" title="University Club of New York">University Club of New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_National_Republican_Club" title="Women's National Republican Club">Women's National Republican Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Yale_Club_of_New_York_City" title="The Yale Club of New York City">Yale Club of New York City</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Clubhouses (former)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Princeton_Club_of_New_York" title="Princeton Club of New York">Princeton Club of New York</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Green spaces</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abby_Aldrich_Rockefeller_Sculpture_Garden" title="Abby Aldrich Rockefeller Sculpture Garden">Abby Aldrich Rockefeller Sculpture Garden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Park" title="Central Park">Central Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Army_Plaza_(Manhattan)" title="Grand Army Plaza (Manhattan)">Grand Army Plaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenacre_Park" title="Greenacre Park">Greenacre Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paley_Park" title="Paley Park">Paley Park</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Educational institutions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/53rd_Street_Library" title="53rd Street Library">53rd Street Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circle_in_the_Square_Theatre_School" title="Circle in the Square Theatre School">Circle in the Square Theatre School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CUNY_School_of_Labor_and_Urban_Studies" title="CUNY School of Labor and Urban Studies">CUNY School of Labor and Urban Studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_School_of_Performing_Arts" title="High School of Performing Arts">High School of Performing Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacqueline_Kennedy_Onassis_High_School_for_International_Careers" title="Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis High School for International Careers">Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis High School for International Careers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Thomas_Choir_School" title="Saint Thomas Choir School">Saint Thomas Choir School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_University_of_New_York_College_of_Optometry" title="State University of New York College of Optometry">SUNY College of Optometry</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Art galleries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Galerie_St._Etienne" title="Galerie St. Etienne">Galerie St. Etienne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rehs_Galleries" title="Rehs Galleries">Rehs Galleries</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Transportation" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Transportation</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Subway" title="New York City Subway">Subway</a> stations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fifth_Avenue/53rd_Street_station" title="Fifth Avenue/53rd Street station">Fifth Avenue/53rd Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fifth_Avenue%E2%80%9359th_Street_station" title="Fifth Avenue–59th Street station">Fifth Avenue–59th Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seventh_Avenue_station_(IND_lines)" title="Seventh Avenue station (IND lines)">Seventh Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/42nd_Street%E2%80%93Bryant_Park/Fifth_Avenue_station" title="42nd Street–Bryant Park/Fifth Avenue station">42nd Street–Bryant Park/Fifth Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/42nd_Street%E2%80%93Port_Authority_Bus_Terminal_station" title="42nd Street–Port Authority Bus Terminal station">42nd Street–Port Authority Bus Terminal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/47th%E2%80%9350th_Streets%E2%80%93Rockefeller_Center_station" title="47th–50th Streets–Rockefeller Center station">47th–50th Streets–Rockefeller Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/49th_Street_station_(BMT_Broadway_Line)" title="49th Street station (BMT Broadway Line)">49th Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/50th_Street_station_(IND_lines)" title="50th Street station (IND lines)">50th Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/50th_Street_station_(IRT_Broadway%E2%80%93Seventh_Avenue_Line)" title="50th Street station (IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line)">50th Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/57th_Street%E2%80%93Seventh_Avenue_station" title="57th Street–Seventh Avenue station">57th Street–Seventh Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/57th_Street_station_(IND_Sixth_Avenue_Line)" title="57th Street station (IND Sixth Avenue Line)">57th Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/59th_Street%E2%80%93Columbus_Circle_station" title="59th Street–Columbus Circle station">59th Street–Columbus Circle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Central%E2%80%9342nd_Street_station" title="Grand Central–42nd Street station">Grand Central–42nd Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lexington_Avenue/51st_Street_station" title="Lexington Avenue/51st Street station">Lexington Avenue/51st Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lexington_Avenue/59th_Street_station" title="Lexington Avenue/59th Street station">Lexington Avenue/59th Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Times_Square%E2%80%9342nd_Street_station" title="Times Square–42nd Street station">Times Square–42nd Street</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Railroad stations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Central_Madison" title="Grand Central Madison">Grand Central Madison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Central_Terminal" title="Grand Central Terminal">Grand Central Terminal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Streets and intersections</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Third_Avenue" title="Third Avenue">Third Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fifth_Avenue" title="Fifth Avenue">Fifth Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sixth_Avenue" title="Sixth Avenue">Sixth Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/6%C2%BD_Avenue" title="6½ Avenue">Six and a Half Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seventh_Avenue_(Manhattan)" title="Seventh Avenue (Manhattan)">Seventh Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eighth_Avenue_(Manhattan)" title="Eighth Avenue (Manhattan)">Eighth Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/42nd_Street_(Manhattan)" title="42nd Street (Manhattan)">42nd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/47th_Street_(Manhattan)" title="47th Street (Manhattan)">47th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/50th_Street_(Manhattan)" title="50th Street (Manhattan)">50th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/51st_Street_(Manhattan)" title="51st Street (Manhattan)">51st</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/52nd_Street_(Manhattan)" title="52nd Street (Manhattan)">52nd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/53rd_Street_(Manhattan)" title="53rd Street (Manhattan)">53rd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/54th_Street_(Manhattan)" title="54th Street (Manhattan)">54th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/55th_Street_(Manhattan)" title="55th Street (Manhattan)">55th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/57th_Street_(Manhattan)" title="57th Street (Manhattan)">57th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/59th_Street_(Manhattan)" title="59th Street (Manhattan)">59th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broadway_(Manhattan)" title="Broadway (Manhattan)">Broadway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbus_Circle" title="Columbus Circle">Columbus Circle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duffy_Square" title="Duffy Square">Duffy Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Army_Plaza_(Manhattan)" title="Grand Army Plaza (Manhattan)">Grand Army Plaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Abbott_Way" title="George Abbott Way">George Abbott Way</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lexington_Avenue" title="Lexington Avenue">Lexington Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madison_Avenue" title="Madison Avenue">Madison Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Park_Avenue" title="Park Avenue">Park Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Park_Avenue_Viaduct" title="Park Avenue Viaduct">Park Avenue Viaduct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pershing_Square,_Manhattan" title="Pershing Square, Manhattan">Pershing Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shubert_Alley" title="Shubert Alley">Shubert Alley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Times_Square" title="Times Square">Times Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanderbilt_Avenue_(Manhattan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Vanderbilt Avenue (Manhattan)">Vanderbilt Avenue</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Related_topics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Related topics</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Billionaires%27_Row" title="Billionaires' Row">Billionaires' Row</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Brazil,_Manhattan" title="Little Brazil, Manhattan">Little Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midtown_South" title="Midtown South">Midtown South</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minnesota_Strip" title="Minnesota Strip">Minnesota Strip</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>See also: <a href="/wiki/Manhattan_Community_Board_5" title="Manhattan Community Board 5">Manhattan Community Board 5</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="East_Midtown_(34th–59th_Sts,_east_of_Lexington_Ave)_and_Turtle_Bay" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Midtown_East,_Manhattan" title="Template:Midtown East, Manhattan"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Midtown_East,_Manhattan" title="Template talk:Midtown East, Manhattan"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Midtown_East,_Manhattan" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Midtown East, Manhattan"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="East_Midtown_(34th–59th_Sts,_east_of_Lexington_Ave)_and_Turtle_Bay" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Midtown_Manhattan" title="Midtown Manhattan">East Midtown (34th–59th Sts, east of Lexington Ave)</a> and <a href="/wiki/Turtle_Bay,_Manhattan" title="Turtle Bay, Manhattan">Turtle Bay</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Manhattan" title="Manhattan">Manhattan</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Buildings" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Buildings</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">34th–42nd Sts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/146_East_38th_Street" title="146 East 38th Street">146 East 38th Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/152_East_38th_Street" title="152 East 38th Street">152 East 38th Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/207_East_36th_Street" title="207 East 36th Street">207 East 36th Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/325_East_38th_Street" title="325 East 38th Street">325 East 38th Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/333_East_38th_Street" title="333 East 38th Street">333 East 38th Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allerton_39th_Street_House" title="Allerton 39th Street House">Allerton 39th Street House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civic_Club_/_Estonian_House" title="Civic Club / Estonian House">Civic Club / Estonian House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Copper_(building)" title="The Copper (building)">The Copper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Corinthian_(Manhattan)" title="The Corinthian (Manhattan)">The Corinthian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daily_News_Building" title="Daily News Building">Daily News Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_S._Bowdoin_Stable" title="George S. Bowdoin Stable">George S. Bowdoin Stable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_W._Allen_Stable" title="Jonathan W. Allen Stable">Jonathan W. Allen Stable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kips_Bay_Brewing_Company" title="Kips Bay Brewing Company">Kips Bay Brewing Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manhattan_Place" title="Manhattan Place">Manhattan Place</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socony%E2%80%93Mobil_Building" title="Socony–Mobil Building">Socony–Mobil Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tudor_City" title="Tudor City">Tudor City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/View_34" title="View 34">View 34</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">42nd–51st Sts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/One_Dag_Hammarskj%C3%B6ld_Plaza" title="One Dag Hammarskjöld Plaza">One Dag Hammarskjöld Plaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One_United_Nations_Plaza" title="One United Nations Plaza">One United Nations Plaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two_United_Nations_Plaza" title="Two United Nations Plaza">Two United Nations Plaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_United_Nations_Plaza" title="Three United Nations Plaza">Three United Nations Plaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/50_United_Nations_Plaza" title="50 United Nations Plaza">50 United Nations Plaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/219_East_49th_Street" title="219 East 49th Street">219 East 49th Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/525_Lexington_Avenue" title="525 Lexington Avenue">525 Lexington Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/569_Lexington_Avenue" title="569 Lexington Avenue">569 Lexington Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amster_Yard" title="Amster Yard">Amster Yard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beaux-Arts_Apartments" title="Beaux-Arts Apartments">Beaux-Arts Apartments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beekman_Tower" title="Beekman Tower">Beekman Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edgar_J._Kaufmann_Conference_Center" title="Edgar J. Kaufmann Conference Center">Edgar J. Kaufmann Conference Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Foundation_Center_for_Social_Justice" title="Ford Foundation Center for Social Justice">Ford Foundation Center for Social Justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lescaze_House" title="Lescaze House">Lescaze House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg_House" title="Luxembourg House">Luxembourg House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trump_World_Tower" title="Trump World Tower">Trump World Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tudor_City" title="Tudor City">Tudor City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_House" title="Turkish House">Turkish House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turtle_Bay_Gardens_Historic_District" title="Turtle Bay Gardens Historic District">Turtle Bay Gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Headquarters_of_the_United_Nations" title="Headquarters of the United Nations">United Nations headquarters</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dag_Hammarskj%C3%B6ld_Library" title="Dag Hammarskjöld Library">Dag Hammarskjöld Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Conference_Building" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations Conference Building">Conference Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_Building" title="United Nations General Assembly Building">General Assembly Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Secretariat_Building" title="United Nations Secretariat Building">Secretariat Building</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">51st–59th Sts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/One_Sutton_Place_South" title="One Sutton Place South">One Sutton Place South</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/23_Beekman_Place" title="23 Beekman Place">23 Beekman Place</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/252_East_57th_Street" title="252 East 57th Street">252 East 57th Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/300_East_57th_Street" title="300 East 57th Street">300 East 57th Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/303_East_51st_Street" title="303 East 51st Street">303 East 51st Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/312_and_314_East_53rd_Street" title="312 and 314 East 53rd Street">312 and 314 East 53rd Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/599_Lexington_Avenue" title="599 Lexington Avenue">599 Lexington Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/731_Lexington_Avenue" title="731 Lexington Avenue">731 Lexington Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/919_Third_Avenue" title="919 Third Avenue">919 Third Avenue</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Citigroup Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lipstick_Building" title="Lipstick Building">Lipstick Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modulightor_Building" title="Modulightor Building">Modulightor Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_House_(New_York_City)" title="River House (New York City)">River House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rockefeller_Guest_House" title="Rockefeller Guest House">Rockefeller Guest House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Sovereign" title="The Sovereign">The Sovereign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sutton_House_(Manhattan)" title="Sutton House (Manhattan)">Sutton House</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/East_Side_Airline_Terminal" title="East Side Airline Terminal">East Side Airline Terminal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kips_Bay_Generating_Station" title="Kips Bay Generating Station">Kips Bay Generating Station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waterside_Generating_Station" title="Waterside Generating Station">Waterside Generating Station</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Culture" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Culture</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Shops, restaurants, nightlife</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/P._J._Clarke%27s" title="P. J. Clarke's">P. J. Clarke's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarge%27s_Deli" title="Sarge's Deli">Sarge's Deli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shun_Lee_Palace" title="Shun Lee Palace">Shun Lee Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sparks_Steak_House" title="Sparks Steak House">Sparks Steak House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sushi_Amane" title="Sushi Amane">Sushi Amane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sushi_Yasuda" title="Sushi Yasuda">Sushi Yasuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tempura_Matsui" title="Tempura Matsui">Tempura Matsui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Townhouse_Bar" title="Townhouse Bar">Townhouse Bar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Museums/venues</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_ImaginAsian" title="The ImaginAsian">The ImaginAsian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan_Society_(Manhattan)" title="Japan Society (Manhattan)">Japan Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neighborhood_Playhouse_School_of_the_Theatre" title="Neighborhood Playhouse School of the Theatre">Neighborhood Playhouse School of the Theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trygve_Lie_Gallery" title="Trygve Lie Gallery">Trygve Lie Gallery</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Hotels</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Benjamin_Royal_Sonesta_New_York" title="The Benjamin Royal Sonesta New York">The Benjamin Royal Sonesta New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lexington_Hotel_(New_York_City)" title="Lexington Hotel (New York City)">Lexington Hotel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Millennium_Hilton_New_York_One_UN_Plaza" title="Millennium Hilton New York One UN Plaza">Millennium Hilton New York One UN Plaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Westin_New_York_Grand_Central_Hotel" title="The Westin New York Grand Central Hotel">The Westin New York Grand Central Hotel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belmont_Plaza_Hotel" title="Belmont Plaza Hotel">Belmont Plaza Hotel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caf%C3%A9_Nicholson" title="Café Nicholson">Café Nicholson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caesar%27s_Retreat" title="Caesar's Retreat">Caesar's Retreat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christ_Cella" title="Christ Cella">Christ Cella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cloud_Club" title="Cloud Club">Cloud Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convivio_(restaurant)" title="Convivio (restaurant)">Convivio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Costello%27s" title="Costello's">Costello's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/525_Lexington_Avenue" title="525 Lexington Avenue">DoubleTree by Hilton Hotel Metropolitan New York City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Morocco" title="El Morocco">El Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Embers_(nightclub)" title="The Embers (nightclub)">The Embers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lafayette_(restaurant)" title="Lafayette (restaurant)">Lafayette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Cirque" title="Le Cirque">Le Cirque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Club" title="Le Club">Le Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lut%C3%A8ce_(restaurant)" title="Lutèce (restaurant)">Lutèce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mischa_(restaurant)" title="Mischa (restaurant)">Mischa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murray_Hill_Theatre_(Broadway)" title="Murray Hill Theatre (Broadway)">Murray Hill Theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museum_of_the_Peaceful_Arts" title="Museum of the Peaceful Arts">Museum of the Peaceful Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neary%27s" title="Neary's">Neary's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/569_Lexington_Avenue" title="569 Lexington Avenue">New York Marriott East Side</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tulsi_(restaurant)" title="Tulsi (restaurant)">Tulsi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vong_(restaurant)" title="Vong (restaurant)">Vong</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Other_points_of_interest" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Other points of interest</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Green spaces</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amster_Yard" title="Amster Yard">Amster Yard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dag_Hammarskj%C3%B6ld_Plaza" title="Dag Hammarskjöld Plaza">Dag Hammarskjöld Plaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_River_Greenway" title="East River Greenway">East River Greenway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenacre_Park" title="Greenacre Park">Greenacre Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MacArthur_Playground" title="MacArthur Playground">MacArthur Playground</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Detmold_Park" title="Peter Detmold Park">Peter Detmold Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Bunche_Park" title="Ralph Bunche Park">Ralph Bunche Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Moses_Playground" title="Robert Moses Playground">Robert Moses Playground</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Vartan_Park" title="St. Vartan Park">St. Vartan Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trygve_Lie_Plaza" title="Trygve Lie Plaza">Trygve Lie Plaza</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Education</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cathedral_High_School_(New_York_City)" title="Cathedral High School (New York City)">Cathedral High School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_School_of_Art_and_Design" title="High School of Art and Design">High School of Art and Design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyceum_Kennedy_International_School" title="Lyceum Kennedy International School">Lyceum Kennedy International School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P.S._135" title="P.S. 135">P.S. 135</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stern_College_for_Women" title="Stern College for Women">Stern College for Women</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Religion</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Church_Center_for_the_United_Nations" title="Church Center for the United Nations">Church Center for the United Nations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Covenant_(Manhattan)" title="Church of the Covenant (Manhattan)">Church of the Covenant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Holy_Family_(Manhattan)" title="Church of the Holy Family (Manhattan)">Church of the Holy Family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Agnes_Church_(New_York_City)" title="St. Agnes Church (New York City)">St. Agnes Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Boniface_Church_(New_York_City)" title="St. Boniface Church (New York City)">St. Boniface Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Gabriel_Church_(Manhattan)" title="St. Gabriel Church (Manhattan)">St. Gabriel Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._John_the_Evangelist_Church_(Manhattan)" title="St. John the Evangelist Church (Manhattan)">St. John the Evangelist Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Vartan_Armenian_Cathedral" title="St. Vartan Armenian Cathedral">St. Vartan Armenian Cathedral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sutton_Place_Synagogue" title="Sutton Place Synagogue">Sutton Place Synagogue</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Transportation" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Transportation</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Subway" title="New York City Subway">Subway</a> stations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Central%E2%80%9342nd_Street_station" title="Grand Central–42nd Street station">Grand Central–42nd Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lexington_Avenue/51st_Street_station" title="Lexington Avenue/51st Street station">Lexington Avenue/51st Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lexington_Avenue/59th_Street_station" title="Lexington Avenue/59th Street station">Lexington Avenue/59th Street</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Railroad, ferry</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Central_Madison" title="Grand Central Madison">Grand Central Madison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Central_Terminal" title="Grand Central Terminal">Grand Central Terminal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_34th_Street_Ferry_Landing" title="East 34th Street Ferry Landing">East 34th Street Ferry Landing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Streets</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Avenue_(Manhattan)" title="First Avenue (Manhattan)">First Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Avenue_(Manhattan)" title="Second Avenue (Manhattan)">Second Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Avenue" title="Third Avenue">Third Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/34th_Street_(Manhattan)" title="34th Street (Manhattan)">34th Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/42nd_Street_(Manhattan)" title="42nd Street (Manhattan)">42nd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/47th_Street_(Manhattan)" title="47th Street (Manhattan)">47th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/50th_Street_(Manhattan)" title="50th Street (Manhattan)">50th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/51st_Street_(Manhattan)" title="51st Street (Manhattan)">51st</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/52nd_Street_(Manhattan)" title="52nd Street (Manhattan)">52nd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/53rd_Street_(Manhattan)" title="53rd Street (Manhattan)">53rd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/54th_Street_(Manhattan)" title="54th Street (Manhattan)">54th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/55th_Street_(Manhattan)" title="55th Street (Manhattan)">55th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/57th_Street_(Manhattan)" title="57th Street (Manhattan)">57th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/59th_Street_(Manhattan)" title="59th Street (Manhattan)">59th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beekman_Place" title="Beekman Place">Beekman Place</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lexington_Avenue" title="Lexington Avenue">Lexington Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/York_Avenue_and_Sutton_Place" title="York Avenue and Sutton Place">Sutton Place</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Related_topics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Related topics</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Murray_Hill,_Manhattan" title="Murray Hill, Manhattan">Murray Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sniffen_Court_Historic_District" title="Sniffen Court Historic District">Sniffen Court Historic District</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>See also: <a href="/wiki/Manhattan_Community_Board_6" title="Manhattan Community Board 6">Manhattan Community Board 6</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q391243#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/170168840157045402608">VIAF</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" 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[\"CITEREFConnor2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCroghan2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDePalma1988\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDeutsch1996\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEgan1977\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEngineering_News-Record1976\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFabricant2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFerretti1976\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFowler1975\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGlanzLipton2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGoldberger1977\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFGoldberger1978\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGoldberger1979\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGottlieb1977\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGrant2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGreer1982\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHabermanJohnston1982\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHallum2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHammel1977\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHansen2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHeckscher1977\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHellman1974\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHentoff2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHorsley1974\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHorsley1976\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHorsley1977\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHorsley1978\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHorsley1980\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHughes1977\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHughes2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHurowitz2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHuxtable1974\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHuxtable1977\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHuxtable1978\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJackson2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJohnston1973\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJones2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKaiser1976\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKanno-Youngs2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKaydenThe_Municipal_Art_Society_of_New_York2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKramer1977\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKugel2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLandmarks_Preservation_Commission2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLeMessurier1979\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLoring-Meckler_Associates,_Inc.Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology1977\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLouviere1974\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLowenstein1987\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLynch2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMackay2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMarlin1979\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcGinn2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMontgomery1971\"] = 3,\n [\"CITEREFMorgenstern1995\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMorrone2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNash2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFO\u0026#039;Driscoll2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOser1975\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFParisi1977\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFParkDuthinhSimiuYeo2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFProgressive_Architecture1978\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFReel1977\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFReyes1996\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRon1975\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRothstein2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRubinstein2008\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFSchmertz1978\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSmith2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStephens1977\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStichweh2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStubbins1976\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStubbins1977\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTauranac1979\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTomasson1975\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTrescott1982\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVardaro\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVecsey1977\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWachs2017\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFWalker2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWallach1978\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWalter-Warner2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWerner2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWhitehouse1971\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWilson1977\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWilson1978\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFde_Monchaux2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFvan_B._ClevelandHuertas1985\"] = 1,\n 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website\"] = 1,\n [\"Portal\"] = 1,\n [\"ProQuest\"] = 21,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"Start date and age\"] = 1,\n [\"Use American English\"] = 1,\n [\"Use mdy dates\"] = 1,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\n","limitreport-profile":[["?","280","18.9"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::callParserFunction","220","14.9"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::gsub","120","8.1"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::match","100","6.8"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getExpandedArgument","80","5.4"],["dataWrapper \u003Cmw.lua:672\u003E","80","5.4"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::sub","60","4.1"],["recursiveClone 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