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class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rock_relief"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Rock relief</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rock_relief-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div 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Available in 41 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-41" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">41 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1" title="بهرام بن سابور – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بهرام بن سابور" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/I_B%C9%99hram" title="I Bəhram – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="I Bəhram" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahram_1-s%C3%A8" title="Bahram 1-sè – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Bahram 1-sè" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC_I" title="Бахрам I – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Бахрам I" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahram_I" title="Bahram I – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Bahram I" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahr%C3%A1m_I." title="Bahrám I. – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Bahrám I." data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahram_I." title="Bahram I. – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Bahram I." data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%92%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%AC%CE%BC%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%91%CE%84_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%A0%CE%B5%CF%81%CF%83%CE%AF%CE%B1%CF%82" title="Βαράμης Α΄ της Περσίας – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Βαράμης Α΄ της Περσίας" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahram_I" title="Bahram I – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Bahram I" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahram_I.a" title="Bahram I.a – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Bahram I.a" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85_%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%85" title="بهرام یکم – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="بهرام یکم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vahram_Ier" title="Vahram Ier – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Vahram Ier" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B0%94%ED%9D%90%EB%9E%8C_1%EC%84%B8" title="바흐람 1세 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="바흐람 1세" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8E%D5%A1%D5%B0%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B4_I" title="Վահրամ I – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Վահրամ I" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahram_I." title="Bahram I. – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Bahram I." data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahram_I" title="Bahram I – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Bahram I" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%9D_%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%9F" title="בהראם הראשון – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="בהראם הראשון" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%90%E1%83%B0%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B_I" title="ბაჰრამ I – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ბაჰრამ I" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/I._Bahr%C3%A1m_sz%C3%A1sz%C3%A1nida_kir%C3%A1ly" title="I. Bahrám szászánida király – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="I. Bahrám szászánida király" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1" title="بهرام بن سابور – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="بهرام بن سابور" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%84" title="بهرام اول – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="بهرام اول" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahram_I" title="Bahram I – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Bahram I" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%90%E3%83%8F%E3%83%A9%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A01%E4%B8%96" title="バハラーム1世 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="バハラーム1世" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahram_I_av_Persia" title="Bahram I av Persia – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Bahram I av Persia" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahrom_I" title="Bahrom I – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Bahrom I" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%84" title="بہرام اول – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="بہرام اول" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahram_I" title="Bahram I – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Bahram I" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vararanes_I" title="Vararanes I – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Vararanes I" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC_I" title="Бахрам I – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Бахрам I" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A1hr%C3%A1m_I." title="Báhrám I. – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Báhrám I." data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahram_I." title="Bahram I. – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Bahram I." data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC_I" title="Бахрам I – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Бахрам I" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahram_I" title="Bahram I – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Bahram I" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahram_I" title="Bahram I – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Bahram I" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/I_%D0%91%D3%99%D2%BB%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="I Бәһрам – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="I Бәһрам" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D2%B3%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8_I" title="Баҳроми I – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Баҳроми I" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/I._Behr%C3%A2m" title="I. Behrâm – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="I. Behrâm" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC_I" title="Бахрам I – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Бахрам I" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%84" title="بہرام اول – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="بہرام اول" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Behram_I" title="Behram I – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Behram I" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E8%B5%AB%E6%8B%89%E5%A7%86%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%96" title="巴赫拉姆一世 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="巴赫拉姆一世" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q310215#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs 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color:inherit; font-size: 125%">Bahram I<br /><span title="Middle Persian-language text"><span lang="pal" dir="rtl">𐭥𐭫𐭧𐭫𐭠𐭭</span></span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><i><a href="/wiki/King_of_Kings_of_Iranians_and_non-Iranians" class="mw-redirect" title="King of Kings of Iranians and non-Iranians">King of Kings of Iranians and non-Iranians</a></i></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image photo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Coin_of_Bahram_I_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Coin_of_Bahram_I_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Coin_of_Bahram_I_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="213" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Coin_of_Bahram_I_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Coin_of_Bahram_I_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Coin_of_Bahram_I_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="398" data-file-height="386" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-bottom:0.2em;padding-top:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_drachma" title="Ancient drachma">Drachma</a> of Bahram I</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_shahanshahs_of_the_Sasanian_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="List of shahanshahs of the Sasanian Empire">Shahanshah</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Sasanian_Empire" title="Sasanian Empire">Sasanian Empire</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Reign</th><td class="infobox-data">June 271 – September 274</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Predecessor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Hormizd_I" title="Hormizd I">Hormizd I</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Successor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Bahram_II" title="Bahram II">Bahram II</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><div style="height: 4px; width:100%;"></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">September 274</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Issue_(genealogy)" title="Issue (genealogy)">Issue</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Bahram_II" title="Bahram II">Bahram II</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Hormizd_I_Kushanshah" title="Hormizd I Kushanshah">Hormizd I Kushanshah</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Dynasty" title="Dynasty">House</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Sasan" class="mw-redirect" title="House of Sasan">House of Sasan</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Father</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Shapur_I" title="Shapur I">Shapur I</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Religion</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Zoroastrianism" title="Zoroastrianism">Zoroastrianism</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Bahram I</b> (also spelled <b>Wahram I</b> or <b>Warahran I</b>; <a href="/wiki/Middle_Persian_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Middle Persian language">Middle Persian</a>: <span lang="pal" dir="rtl">𐭥𐭫𐭧𐭫𐭠𐭭</span>) was the fourth <a href="/wiki/Sasanian_Empire" title="Sasanian Empire">Sasanian</a> <a href="/wiki/King_of_Kings" title="King of Kings">King of Kings</a> of <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a> from 271 to 274. He was the eldest son of <a href="/wiki/Shapur_I" title="Shapur I">Shapur I</a> (<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> 240–270</span>) and succeeded his brother <a href="/wiki/Hormizd_I" title="Hormizd I">Hormizd I</a> (<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> 270–271</span>), who had reigned for a year. </p><p>Bahram I's reign marked the end of the Sasanian tolerance towards <a href="/wiki/Manichaeism" title="Manichaeism">Manichaeism</a>, and in 274, with the support of the influential Zoroastrian priest <a href="/wiki/Kartir" title="Kartir">Kartir</a>, he had <a href="/wiki/Mani_(prophet)" title="Mani (prophet)">Mani</a> imprisoned and executed. Bahram I's reign was brief and largely uneventful. He was succeeded by his son <a href="/wiki/Bahram_II" title="Bahram II">Bahram II</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Name">Name</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahram_I&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Name"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Theophoric_name" title="Theophoric name">theophoric name</a> "Bahram" (<span title="Persian-language text"><span lang="fa" dir="rtl">بهرام یکم</span></span>) is the <a href="/wiki/New_Persian" title="New Persian">New Persian</a> form of the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Persian" title="Middle Persian">Middle Persian</a> <i>Warahrān</i> (also spelled <i>Wahrām</i>), which is derived from the <a href="/wiki/Old_Iranian_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Old Iranian languages">Old Iranian</a> <i>Vṛθragna</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMultiple_authors1988514–522_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMultiple_authors1988514–522-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Avestan" title="Avestan">Avestan</a> equivalent was <a href="/wiki/Verethragna" title="Verethragna">Verethragna</a>, the name of the old Iranian god of victory, whilst the <a href="/wiki/Parthian_language" title="Parthian language">Parthian</a> version was <i>*Warθagn</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMultiple_authors1988514–522_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMultiple_authors1988514–522-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The name is transliterated in <a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a> as <i>Baranes</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWiesehöfer2018193–194_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWiesehöfer2018193–194-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> whilst the <a href="/wiki/Armenian_language" title="Armenian language">Armenian</a> transliteration is <i>Vahagn/Vrām</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMultiple_authors1988514–522_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMultiple_authors1988514–522-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The name is attested in <a href="/wiki/Georgian_language" title="Georgian language">Georgian</a> as <i>Baram</i><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERapp2014203_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERapp2014203-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> as <i>Vararanes</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMartindaleJonesMorris1971945_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMartindaleJonesMorris1971945-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Life_prior_to_his_accession">Life prior to his accession</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahram_I&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Life prior to his accession"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gold_coin_of_Shapur_I,_minted_at_Ctesiphon_between_260%E2%80%93272.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Gold_coin_of_Shapur_I%2C_minted_at_Ctesiphon_between_260%E2%80%93272.jpg/220px-Gold_coin_of_Shapur_I%2C_minted_at_Ctesiphon_between_260%E2%80%93272.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="106" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Gold_coin_of_Shapur_I%2C_minted_at_Ctesiphon_between_260%E2%80%93272.jpg/330px-Gold_coin_of_Shapur_I%2C_minted_at_Ctesiphon_between_260%E2%80%93272.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Gold_coin_of_Shapur_I%2C_minted_at_Ctesiphon_between_260%E2%80%93272.jpg/440px-Gold_coin_of_Shapur_I%2C_minted_at_Ctesiphon_between_260%E2%80%93272.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="386" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Gold_dinar" title="Gold dinar">Gold dinar</a> of <a href="/wiki/Shapur_I" title="Shapur I">Shapur I</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Bahram I was the oldest son of <a href="/wiki/Shapur_I" title="Shapur I">Shapur I</a>, the second shah of the Sasanian Empire. He had three younger brothers: <a href="/wiki/Hormizd_I" title="Hormizd I">Hormizd-Ardashir</a>, <a href="/wiki/Narseh" title="Narseh">Narseh</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Shapur_Meshanshah" title="Shapur Meshanshah">Shapur Meshanshah</a>. Although the oldest of Shapur's sons, Bahram I was ranked below his brothers, probably due to his mother's lowly origin: she was either a minor queen or a <a href="/wiki/Concubine" class="mw-redirect" title="Concubine">concubine</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWeber2016_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeber2016-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrye1983127_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrye1983127-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During Shapur's reign, Bahram I served as the governor of the newly conquered region of <a href="/wiki/Gilan" class="mw-redirect" title="Gilan">Gilan</a>, situated on the southwest shore of the <a href="/wiki/Caspian_Sea" title="Caspian Sea">Caspian Sea</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrye1983121–122_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrye1983121–122-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKia2016233_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKia2016233-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He held the title of <i>Gelan Shah</i> ("king of Gilan"). He is mentioned in an inscription on the wall of the <a href="/wiki/Ka%27ba-ye_Zartosht" title="Ka'ba-ye Zartosht">Ka'ba-ye Zartosht</a> at <a href="/wiki/Naqsh-e_Rostam" title="Naqsh-e Rostam">Naqsh-e Rostam</a> near <a href="/wiki/Persepolis" title="Persepolis">Persepolis</a> in southern Iran, which Shapur I had created in order to praise his sons by citing their names and titles.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKia2016233_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKia2016233-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Shapur I died in 270, and was succeeded by Hormizd-Ardashir (who became known as Hormizd I), who ruled from May 270 until his death in June 271. Bahram I, who was never considered a candidate for succession of the throne by his father, ascended with the aid of the powerful <a href="/wiki/Zoroastrian" class="mw-redirect" title="Zoroastrian">Zoroastrian</a> priest <a href="/wiki/Kartir" title="Kartir">Kartir</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShahbazi1988514–522_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShahbazi1988514–522-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He then made a settlement with Narseh, who agreed to give up his entitlement to the throne in return for the governorship of the important frontier province of <a href="/wiki/Sasanian_Armenia" title="Sasanian Armenia">Armenia</a>, which was constantly the source of war between the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman</a> and Sasanian Empires.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWeber2016_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeber2016-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is nevertheless likely that despite this settlement, Narseh still viewed Bahram as a <a href="/wiki/Usurper" title="Usurper">usurper</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShahbazi1988514–522_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShahbazi1988514–522-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reign">Reign</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahram_I&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Reign"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Shahname_-_Mani_death.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Shahname_-_Mani_death.jpg/220px-Shahname_-_Mani_death.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="277" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Shahname_-_Mani_death.jpg/330px-Shahname_-_Mani_death.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Shahname_-_Mani_death.jpg/440px-Shahname_-_Mani_death.jpg 2x" data-file-width="716" data-file-height="900" /></a><figcaption>A 14th-century illustration of the execution of <a href="/wiki/Mani_(prophet)" title="Mani (prophet)">Mani</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The previous Sasanian shahs, including Shapur I, had pursued a policy of <a href="/wiki/Religious_tolerance" title="Religious tolerance">religious tolerance</a> towards the non-Zoroastrian minorities in the empire. Although admiring the teachings of his own religion and encouraging the Zoroastrian clergy, Shapur I allowed the <a href="/wiki/Judaism" title="Judaism">Jews</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhists</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hindus</a> to freely practice their own religions.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKia2016234_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKia2016234-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was also friendly towards <a href="/wiki/Mani_(prophet)" title="Mani (prophet)">Mani</a>, the founder of <a href="/wiki/Manichaeism" title="Manichaeism">Manichaeism</a>, who was allowed to preach freely and even act as an escort in Shapur's military expeditions.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKia2016234_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKia2016234-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following Bahram I's accession to the throne, the rise of the authority of the Zoroastrian priesthood, and the increasing influence of Kartir, this changed. When Mani arrived at the city of <a href="/wiki/Gundishapur" class="mw-redirect" title="Gundishapur">Gundishapur</a> there was uproar, in the same fashion as <a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus</a>' entry into <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDaryaee200974_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDaryaee200974-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After protests from Kartir and the other Zoroastrian priests, Bahram I was persuaded to imprison Mani, who was sentenced to death in 274.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDaryaee200974–75_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDaryaee200974–75-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShahbazi1988514–522_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShahbazi1988514–522-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Mani's death was followed by the persecution of his followers by Kartir and the Zoroastrian clergy, who moved against the kingdom's religious minorities as a way to increase and spread their influence.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKia2016234_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKia2016234-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To the Zoroastrian clergy, Mani had been seen as a heterogeneous <a href="/wiki/Philosopher" class="mw-redirect" title="Philosopher">philosopher</a> and a threatening pagan, who presented an obscure perception of Zoroastrianism that was tainted by Jewish, Buddhist, and Christian ideas.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKia2016234_10-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKia2016234-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With the backing of Bahram I, Kartir laid the foundations for a Zoroastrian state church,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShahbazi1988514–522_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShahbazi1988514–522-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKia2016234_10-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKia2016234-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which led to Bahram being applauded in Sasanian-based sources as a "benevolent and worthy king".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShahbazi1988514–522_9-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShahbazi1988514–522-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bahram I was nevertheless, like his predecessors, a "lukewarm Zoroastrian".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESkjærvø2011608–628_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESkjærvø2011608–628-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bahram I died in September 274 and was succeeded by his son <a href="/wiki/Bahram_II" title="Bahram II">Bahram II</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShahbazi1988514–522_9-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShahbazi1988514–522-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another son of Bahram I, <a href="/wiki/Hormizd_I_Kushanshah" title="Hormizd I Kushanshah">Hormizd I Kushanshah</a>, ruled over the <a href="/wiki/Kushano-Sasanian_Kingdom" title="Kushano-Sasanian Kingdom">Kushano-Sasanian kingdom</a> in the east, and would later lead a rebellion against Bahram II, which failed.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShahbazi2004_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShahbazi2004-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The line of Bahram I continued to rule the Sasanian Empire until 293, when <a href="/wiki/Narseh" title="Narseh">Narseh</a> overthrew the latter's grandson <a href="/wiki/Bahram_III" title="Bahram III">Bahram III</a> and proclaimed himself the new shah.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWeber2016_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeber2016-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The line was thus shifted to Narseh and his descendants, who continued to rule the empire until its fall in 651.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShahbazi2005_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShahbazi2005-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Coinage,_appearance_and_habits"><span id="Coinage.2C_appearance_and_habits"></span>Coinage, appearance and habits</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahram_I&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Coinage, appearance and habits"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Under Bahram I, the reverse of <a href="/wiki/Sasanian_coinage" title="Sasanian coinage">coins</a> were changed back to the version minted during the reign of Shapur I, with two attendants turning their backs to the <a href="/wiki/Fire_altar" class="mw-redirect" title="Fire altar">fire altar</a>, instead of facing it.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECurtisStewart200824–25_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECurtisStewart200824–25-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The front of Bahram I's coins shows him wearing the distinctive crown of the angelic divinity <a href="/wiki/Mithra" title="Mithra">Mithra</a>; a headgear decorated with ray-shaped spikes.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShahbazi1988514–522_9-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShahbazi1988514–522-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A coin of Bahram was seemingly minted at <a href="/wiki/Balkh" title="Balkh">Balkh</a> in <a href="/wiki/Bactria" title="Bactria">Bactria</a>, which makes it the first imperial Sasanian coin (i.e. not <a href="/wiki/Kushano-Sasanian" class="mw-redirect" title="Kushano-Sasanian">Kushano-Sasanian</a>) minted in the former domains of the <a href="/wiki/Kushan_Empire" title="Kushan Empire">Kushan Empire</a>, and confirms direct Sasanian rule in the region under Bahram I.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECurtisStewart200825_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECurtisStewart200825-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The lost <i>Book of the Portraits of Sasanian Kings</i> portrayed Bahram I as "standing, holding a lance in the right hand and leaning upon a sword held in the left, and wearing a red gown and trousers and a gold crown topped with a sky-blue globe".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShahbazi1988514–522_9-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShahbazi1988514–522-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bahram I was keen on combat, hunting and feasting, which he regarded as righteousness.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShahbazi1988514–522_9-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShahbazi1988514–522-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rock_relief">Rock relief</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahram_I&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Rock relief"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bishapur_V_relief_Bahram_Ist.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Bishapur_V_relief_Bahram_Ist.JPG/220px-Bishapur_V_relief_Bahram_Ist.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Bishapur_V_relief_Bahram_Ist.JPG/330px-Bishapur_V_relief_Bahram_Ist.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Bishapur_V_relief_Bahram_Ist.JPG/440px-Bishapur_V_relief_Bahram_Ist.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Rock_relief" title="Rock relief">rock relief</a> of Bahram I receiving the royal <a href="/wiki/Diadem" title="Diadem">diadem</a> from the Zoroastrian supreme god <a href="/wiki/Ahura_Mazda" title="Ahura Mazda">Ahura Mazda</a>, at the ancient city of <a href="/wiki/Bishapur" title="Bishapur">Bishapur</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Following the precedent of Ardashir I and Shapur I, Bahram I had an image of his accession carved in a <a href="/wiki/Rock_relief" title="Rock relief">rock relief</a>. It displayed him on horseback, accepting the <a href="/wiki/Diadem" title="Diadem">diadem</a> of kingship from the Zoroastrian supreme god <a href="/wiki/Ahura_Mazda" title="Ahura Mazda">Ahura Mazda</a>, who is also depicted sitting on a horse.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShahbazi1988514–522_9-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShahbazi1988514–522-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A <a href="/wiki/Middle_Persian" title="Middle Persian">Middle Persian</a> inscription is written on the relief.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShahbazi1988514–522_9-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShahbazi1988514–522-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the archaeologist <a href="/wiki/Erich_Schmidt_(archaeologist)" title="Erich Schmidt (archaeologist)">Erich Schmidt</a>, the relief is "artistically the most appealing example of Sasanian rock sculpture".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShahbazi1988514–522_9-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShahbazi1988514–522-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When Narseh ascended the throne in 293, he had the rock relief altered, replacing Bahram's name with his own.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShahbazi1988514–522_9-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShahbazi1988514–522-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahram_I&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahram_I&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMultiple_authors1988514–522-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMultiple_authors1988514–522_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMultiple_authors1988514–522_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMultiple_authors1988514–522_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMultiple_authors1988">Multiple authors 1988</a>, pp. 514–522.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWiesehöfer2018193–194-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWiesehöfer2018193–194_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWiesehöfer2018">Wiesehöfer 2018</a>, pp. 193–194.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERapp2014203-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERapp2014203_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRapp2014">Rapp 2014</a>, p. 203.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMartindaleJonesMorris1971945-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMartindaleJonesMorris1971945_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMartindaleJonesMorris1971">Martindale, Jones & Morris 1971</a>, p. 945.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeber2016-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWeber2016_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWeber2016_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWeber2016_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWeber2016">Weber 2016</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrye1983127-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrye1983127_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFrye1983">Frye 1983</a>, p. 127.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrye1983121–122-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrye1983121–122_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFrye1983">Frye 1983</a>, pp. 121–122.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKia2016233-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKia2016233_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKia2016233_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKia2016">Kia 2016</a>, p. 233.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEShahbazi1988514–522-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShahbazi1988514–522_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShahbazi1988514–522_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShahbazi1988514–522_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShahbazi1988514–522_9-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShahbazi1988514–522_9-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShahbazi1988514–522_9-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShahbazi1988514–522_9-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShahbazi1988514–522_9-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShahbazi1988514–522_9-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShahbazi1988514–522_9-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShahbazi1988514–522_9-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShahbazi1988514–522_9-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShahbazi1988514–522_9-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFShahbazi1988">Shahbazi 1988</a>, pp. 514–522.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKia2016234-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKia2016234_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKia2016234_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKia2016234_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKia2016234_10-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKia2016234_10-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKia2016">Kia 2016</a>, p. 234.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDaryaee200974-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDaryaee200974_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDaryaee2009">Daryaee 2009</a>, p. 74.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDaryaee200974–75-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDaryaee200974–75_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDaryaee2009">Daryaee 2009</a>, pp. 74–75.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESkjærvø2011608–628-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESkjærvø2011608–628_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSkjærvø2011">Skjærvø 2011</a>, pp. 608–628.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEShahbazi2004-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShahbazi2004_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFShahbazi2004">Shahbazi 2004</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEShahbazi2005-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShahbazi2005_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFShahbazi2005">Shahbazi 2005</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECurtisStewart200824–25-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECurtisStewart200824–25_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCurtisStewart2008">Curtis & Stewart 2008</a>, pp. 24–25.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECurtisStewart200825-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECurtisStewart200825_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCurtisStewart2008">Curtis & Stewart 2008</a>, p. 25.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahram_I&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFCurtisStewart2008" class="citation book cs1">Curtis, Vesta Sarkhosh; Stewart, Sarah (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gYsAAwAAQBAJ"><i>The Sasanian Era</i></a>. I.B. Tauris. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1845116903" title="Special:BookSources/978-1845116903"><bdi>978-1845116903</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Sasanian+Era&rft.pub=I.B.+Tauris&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1845116903&rft.aulast=Curtis&rft.aufirst=Vesta+Sarkhosh&rft.au=Stewart%2C+Sarah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DgYsAAwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABahram+I" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDaryaee2009" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Touraj_Daryaee" title="Touraj Daryaee">Daryaee, Touraj</a> (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/SasanianPersia"><i>Sasanian Persia: The Rise and Fall of an Empire</i></a>. I.B.Tauris & Co. Ltd. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85043-898-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85043-898-4"><bdi>978-1-85043-898-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sasanian+Persia%3A+The+Rise+and+Fall+of+an+Empire&rft.pub=I.B.Tauris+%26+Co.+Ltd.&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-85043-898-4&rft.aulast=Daryaee&rft.aufirst=Touraj&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2FSasanianPersia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABahram+I" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrye1983" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Nelson_Frye" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard Nelson Frye">Frye, Richard Nelson</a> (1983). "The political history of Iran under the Sasanians". In <a href="/wiki/Ehsan_Yarshater" title="Ehsan Yarshater">Yarshater, Ehsan</a> (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Ko_RafMSGLkC"><i>The Cambridge History of Iran</i></a>. Vol. 3(1): The Seleucid, Parthian and Sasanian Periods. Cambridge: <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-20092-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-20092-X"><bdi>0-521-20092-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+political+history+of+Iran+under+the+Sasanians&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+History+of+Iran&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1983&rft.isbn=0-521-20092-X&rft.aulast=Frye&rft.aufirst=Richard+Nelson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DKo_RafMSGLkC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABahram+I" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKia2016" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Kia, Mehrdad (2016). <i>The Persian Empire: A Historical Encyclopedia</i>. <a href="/wiki/ABC-CLIO" class="mw-redirect" title="ABC-CLIO">ABC-CLIO</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1610693912" title="Special:BookSources/978-1610693912"><bdi>978-1610693912</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Persian+Empire%3A+A+Historical+Encyclopedia&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-1610693912&rft.aulast=Kia&rft.aufirst=Mehrdad&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABahram+I" class="Z3988"></span> (2 volumes)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMartindaleJonesMorris1971" class="citation book cs1">Martindale, J. R.; Jones, A. H. M.; Morris, J. (1971). <i>The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire: Volume 1, AD 260-395</i>. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780521072335" title="Special:BookSources/9780521072335"><bdi>9780521072335</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Prosopography+of+the+Later+Roman+Empire%3A+Volume+1%2C+AD+260-395&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1971&rft.isbn=9780521072335&rft.aulast=Martindale&rft.aufirst=J.+R.&rft.au=Jones%2C+A.+H.+M.&rft.au=Morris%2C+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABahram+I" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMultiple_authors1988" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Multiple authors (1988). "Bahrām". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/bahram-the-name-of-six-sasanian-kings"><i>Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. III, Fasc. 5</i></a>. pp. <span class="nowrap">514–</span>522.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Bahr%C4%81m&rft.btitle=Encyclopaedia+Iranica%2C+Vol.+III%2C+Fasc.+5&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E514-%3C%2Fspan%3E522&rft.date=1988&rft.au=Multiple+authors&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iranicaonline.org%2Farticles%2Fbahram-the-name-of-six-sasanian-kings&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABahram+I" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRapp2014" class="citation book cs1">Rapp, Stephen H. (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=T8VIBQAAQBAJ&q=rapp+inscription+kartir"><i>The Sasanian World through Georgian Eyes: Caucasia and the Iranian Commonwealth in Late Antique Georgian Literature</i></a>. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1472425522" title="Special:BookSources/978-1472425522"><bdi>978-1472425522</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Sasanian+World+through+Georgian+Eyes%3A+Caucasia+and+the+Iranian+Commonwealth+in+Late+Antique+Georgian+Literature&rft.pub=Ashgate+Publishing%2C+Ltd.&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1472425522&rft.aulast=Rapp&rft.aufirst=Stephen+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DT8VIBQAAQBAJ%26q%3Drapp%2Binscription%2Bkartir&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABahram+I" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShahbazi1988" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Alireza_Shapour_Shahbazi" title="Alireza Shapour Shahbazi">Shahbazi, A. Shapur</a> (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/bahram-01">"Bahrām I"</a>. <i>Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. III, Fasc. 5</i>. pp. <span class="nowrap">514–</span>522.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Bahr%C4%81m+I&rft.btitle=Encyclopaedia+Iranica%2C+Vol.+III%2C+Fasc.+5&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E514-%3C%2Fspan%3E522&rft.date=1988&rft.aulast=Shahbazi&rft.aufirst=A.+Shapur&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iranicaonline.org%2Farticles%2Fbahram-01&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABahram+I" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShahbazi2004" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Alireza_Shapour_Shahbazi" title="Alireza Shapour Shahbazi">Shahbazi, A. Shapur</a> (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/hormozd-kusansah">"Hormozd Kušānšāh"</a>. <i>Encyclopædia Iranica</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Hormozd+Ku%C5%A1%C4%81n%C5%A1%C4%81h&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Iranica&rft.date=2004&rft.aulast=Shahbazi&rft.aufirst=A.+Shapur&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iranicaonline.org%2Farticles%2Fhormozd-kusansah&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABahram+I" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShahbazi2005" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Alireza_Shapour_Shahbazi" title="Alireza Shapour Shahbazi">Shahbazi, A. Shapur</a> (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/sasanian-dynasty">"Sasanian Dynasty"</a>. <i>Encyclopædia Iranica</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Sasanian+Dynasty&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Iranica&rft.date=2005&rft.aulast=Shahbazi&rft.aufirst=A.+Shapur&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iranicaonline.org%2Farticles%2Fsasanian-dynasty&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABahram+I" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSkjærvø2011" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Prods_Oktor_Skjaervo" title="Prods Oktor Skjaervo">Skjærvø, Prods Oktor</a> (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/kartir">"Kartir"</a>. <i>Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. XV, Fasc. 6</i>. pp. <span class="nowrap">608–</span>628.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Kartir&rft.btitle=Encyclopaedia+Iranica%2C+Vol.+XV%2C+Fasc.+6&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E608-%3C%2Fspan%3E628&rft.date=2011&rft.aulast=Skj%C3%A6rv%C3%B8&rft.aufirst=Prods+Oktor&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iranicaonline.org%2Farticles%2Fkartir&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABahram+I" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeber2016" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Weber, Ursula (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/narseh-sasanian-king">"Narseh"</a>. <i>Encyclopædia Iranica</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Narseh&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Iranica&rft.date=2016&rft.aulast=Weber&rft.aufirst=Ursula&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iranicaonline.org%2Farticles%2Fnarseh-sasanian-king&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABahram+I" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWiesehöfer2018" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Josef_Wieseh%C3%B6fer" title="Josef Wiesehöfer">Wiesehöfer, Josef</a> (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780198662778.001.0001/acref-9780198662778-e-603?rskey=rkOrOO&result=1">"Bahram I"</a>. In Nicholson, Oliver (ed.). <i><a href="/wiki/The_Oxford_Dictionary_of_Late_Antiquity" title="The Oxford Dictionary of Late Antiquity">The Oxford Dictionary of Late Antiquity</a></i>. Oxford: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-866277-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-866277-8"><bdi>978-0-19-866277-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Bahram+I&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Dictionary+of+Late+Antiquity&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-0-19-866277-8&rft.aulast=Wieseh%C3%B6fer&rft.aufirst=Josef&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxfordreference.com%2Fview%2F10.1093%2Facref%2F9780198662778.001.0001%2Facref-9780198662778-e-603%3Frskey%3DrkOrOO%26result%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABahram+I" class="Z3988"></span> <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:95%; color: var( --color-subtle, #555 )">(subscription required)</span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahram_I&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYar-Shater" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ehsan_Yarshater" title="Ehsan Yarshater">Yar-Shater, Ehsan</a> (ed.). <i>The History of Al-Ṭabarī</i>. State University of New York Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+History+of+Al-%E1%B9%ACabar%C4%AB&rft.pub=State+University+of+New+York+Press&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABahram+I" class="Z3988"></span> (40 volumes)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRawlinson1875" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/George_Rawlinson" title="George Rawlinson">Rawlinson, George</a> (1875). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sevengreatmonarc03rawl/page/494">"Chapter XXII"</a>. <i>The Seven Great Monarchies of the Ancient Eastern World</i>. Vol. III. The Nottingham Society.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapter+XXII&rft.btitle=The+Seven+Great+Monarchies+of+the+Ancient+Eastern+World&rft.pub=The+Nottingham+Society&rft.date=1875&rft.aulast=Rawlinson&rft.aufirst=George&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsevengreatmonarc03rawl%2Fpage%2F494&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABahram+I" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFD700; text-align:center;"><div>Bahram I </div><div><b><a href="/wiki/Sasanian_Empire" title="Sasanian Empire">Sasanian dynasty</a></b></div><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-size:90%; margin:2em"> <b>Died:</b> September 274</span> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Hormizd_I" title="Hormizd I">Hormizd I</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/King_of_Kings_of_Iran_and_non-Iran" class="mw-redirect" title="King of Kings of Iran and non-Iran">King of Kings of Iran and non-Iran</a> </b><br />271–274 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Bahram_II" title="Bahram II">Bahram II</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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.navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Rulers_of_the_Sasanian_Empire_(224–651)142" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Sasanian_Rulers" title="Template:Sasanian Rulers"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Sasanian_Rulers" title="Template talk:Sasanian Rulers"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Sasanian_Rulers" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Sasanian Rulers"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Rulers_of_the_Sasanian_Empire_(224–651)142" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_kings_of_the_Sasanian_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="List of kings of the Sasanian Empire">Rulers</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Sasanian_Empire" title="Sasanian Empire">Sasanian Empire</a> <small>(224–651)</small></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ardashir_I" title="Ardashir I">Ardashir I</a> <small>(224–242)</small></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Shapur_I" title="Shapur I">Shapur I</a> <small>(240–270)</small></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hormizd_I" title="Hormizd I">Hormizd I</a> <small>(270–271)</small></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bahram I</a> <small>(271–274)</small></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bahram_II" title="Bahram II">Bahram II</a> <small>(274–293)</small></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bahram_III" title="Bahram III">Bahram III</a> <small>(293)</small></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Narseh" title="Narseh">Narseh</a> <small>(293–303)</small></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hormizd_II" title="Hormizd II">Hormizd II</a> <small>(303–309)</small></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Adur_Narseh" title="Adur Narseh">Adur Narseh</a> <small>(309)</small></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Shapur_II" title="Shapur II">Shapur II</a> <small>(309–379)</small></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ardashir_II" title="Ardashir II">Ardashir II</a> <small>(379–383)</small></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Shapur_III" title="Shapur III">Shapur III</a> <small>(383–388)</small></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bahram_IV" title="Bahram IV">Bahram IV</a> <small>(388–399)</small></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Yazdegerd_I" title="Yazdegerd I">Yazdegerd I</a> <small>(399–420)</small></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Shapur_IV" title="Shapur IV">Shapur IV</a> <small>(420)</small></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Khosrow_(son_of_Bahram_IV)" title="Khosrow (son of Bahram IV)">Khosrow</a> <small>(420)</small></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bahram_V" title="Bahram V">Bahram V</a> <small>(420–438)</small></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Yazdegerd_II" title="Yazdegerd II">Yazdegerd II</a> <small>(438–457)</small></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hormizd_III" title="Hormizd III">Hormizd III</a> <small>(457–459)</small></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Peroz_I" title="Peroz I">Peroz I</a> <small>(459–484)</small></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Balash" title="Balash">Balash</a> <small>(484–488)</small></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kavad_I" title="Kavad I">Kavad I</a> <small>(488–496)</small></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jamasp" title="Jamasp">Jamasp</a> <small>(496–498/9)</small></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kavad_I" title="Kavad I">Kavad I</a> <small>(498/9–531)</small></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Khosrow_I" title="Khosrow I">Khosrow I</a> <small>(531–579)</small></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hormizd_IV" title="Hormizd IV">Hormizd IV</a> <small>(579–590)</small></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Khosrow_II" title="Khosrow II">Khosrow II</a> <small>(590)</small></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bahram_Chobin" title="Bahram Chobin">Bahram VI Chobin</a><sup>§</sup> <small>(590–591)</small></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Khosrow_II" title="Khosrow II">Khosrow II</a> <small>(591–628)</small></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vistahm" title="Vistahm">Vistahm</a><sup>§</sup> <small>(591–596)</small></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kavad_II" title="Kavad II">Kavad II</a> <small>(628)</small></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ardashir_III" title="Ardashir III">Ardashir III</a> <small>(628–630)</small></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Shahrbaraz" title="Shahrbaraz">Shahrbaraz</a><sup>§</sup> <small>(630)</small></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Khosrow_III" title="Khosrow III">Khosrow III</a><sup>§</sup> <small>(630)</small></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Boran" title="Boran">Boran</a> <small>(630)</small></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Shapur-i_Shahrvaraz" title="Shapur-i Shahrvaraz">Shapur-i Shahrvaraz</a> <small>(630)</small></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Azarmidokht" title="Azarmidokht">Azarmidokht</a> <small>(630–631)</small></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Farrukh_Hormizd" title="Farrukh Hormizd">Farrukh Hormizd</a><sup>§</sup> <small>(630–631)</small></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hormizd_VI" title="Hormizd VI">Hormizd VI</a><sup>§</sup> <small>(630–632)</small></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Khosrow_IV" title="Khosrow IV">Khosrow IV</a><sup>§</sup> <small>(630–636)</small></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Boran" title="Boran">Boran</a> <small>(631–632)</small></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Yazdegerd_III" title="Yazdegerd III">Yazdegerd III</a> <small>(632–651)</small></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Peroz_III" title="Peroz III">Peroz III</a> <small>(pretender)</small></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Narsieh" title="Narsieh">Narsieh</a> <small>(pretender)</small></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><sup>§</sup> usurpers or rival claimants</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q310215#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata707" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" 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style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118505963">Germany</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/118505963">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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