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Plana Indogangètica - Viquipèdia, l'enciclopèdia lliure

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data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contingut</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">mou a la barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">amaga</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inici</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Geografia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geografia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Geografia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geografia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geologia_regional" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geologia_regional"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Geologia regional</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geologia_regional-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Història" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Història"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Història</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Història-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fauna" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fauna"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Fauna</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fauna-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Agricultura" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Agricultura"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Agricultura</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Agricultura-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Divisions_administratives" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Divisions_administratives"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Divisions administratives</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Divisions_administratives-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referències" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referències"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Referències</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referències-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contingut" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Commuta la taula de continguts." > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Commuta la taula de continguts.</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Plana Indogangètica</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Vés a un article en una altra llengua. Disponible en 63 llengües" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-63" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">63 llengües</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%87%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AC_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%8A" title="سهل الغانج الهندي - àrab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="سهل الغانج الهندي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="àrab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llanura_indoganx%C3%A9tica" title="Llanura indoganxética - asturià" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Llanura indoganxética" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hind-Qanq_oval%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1" title="Hind-Qanq ovalığı - azerbaidjanès" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Hind-Qanq ovalığı" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaidjanès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4-%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3_%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B5%D2%99%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B5" title="Һинд-Ганг тигеҙлеге - baixkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Һинд-Ганг тигеҙлеге" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baixkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0-%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%9E%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Інда-Гангская раўніна - belarús" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Інда-Гангская раўніна" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarús" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE-%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Индо-Гангска равнина - búlgar" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Индо-Гангска равнина" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="búlgar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%81-%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="सिंधु-गंगा के मैदान - Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="सिंधु-गंगा के मैदान" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%81-%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%99%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BF" title="সিন্ধু-গাঙ্গেয় সমভূমি - bengalí" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="সিন্ধু-গাঙ্গেয় সমভূমি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indo-Gangetic_Plain" title="Indo-Gangetic Plain - cebuà" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Indo-Gangetic Plain" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuà" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indogan%C5%BEsk%C3%A1_n%C3%AD%C5%BEina" title="Indoganžská nížina - txec" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Indoganžská nížina" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="txec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indus-Gangessletten" title="Indus-Gangessletten - danès" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Indus-Gangessletten" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indus-Ganges-Brahmaputra-Ebene" title="Indus-Ganges-Brahmaputra-Ebene - alemany" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Indus-Ganges-Brahmaputra-Ebene" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemany" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indo-Gangetic_Plain" title="Indo-Gangetic Plain - anglès" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Indo-Gangetic Plain" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indus-Ganga_ebena%C4%B5o" title="Indus-Ganga ebenaĵo - esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Indus-Ganga ebenaĵo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llanura_indogang%C3%A9tica" title="Llanura indogangética - espanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Llanura indogangética" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Induse-Gangese_madalik" title="Induse-Gangese madalik - estonià" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Induse-Gangese madalik" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indus-Gangesetako_lautada" title="Indus-Gangesetako lautada - basc" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Indus-Gangesetako lautada" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%84%DA%AF%D9%87_%D8%B3%D9%86%D8%AF_%D9%88_%DA%AF%D9%86%DA%AF" title="جلگه سند و گنگ - persa" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جلگه سند و گنگ" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indo-Gangesin_tasanko" title="Indo-Gangesin tasanko - finès" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Indo-Gangesin tasanko" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plaine_indo-gang%C3%A9tique" title="Plaine indo-gangétique - francès" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Plaine indo-gangétique" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaira_indoganx%C3%A9tica" title="Chaira indoganxética - gallec" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Chaira indoganxética" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="gallec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%81-%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="सिन्धु-गंगा का मैदान - hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="सिन्धु-गंगा का मैदान" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indogangeska_nizina" title="Indogangeska nizina - croat" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Indogangeska nizina" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indo-Gangeszi-s%C3%ADks%C3%A1g" title="Indo-Gangeszi-síkság - hongarès" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Indo-Gangeszi-síkság" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="hongarès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BB%D5%B6%D5%A4%D5%B8%D5%BD-%D4%B3%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A3%D5%A5%D5%BD%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%B0%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A9%D5%A1%D5%BE%D5%A1%D5%B5%D6%80" title="Ինդոս-Գանգեսյան հարթավայր - armeni" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ինդոս-Գանգեսյան հարթավայր" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dataran_Rendah_Indo-Gangga" title="Dataran Rendah Indo-Gangga - indonesi" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Dataran Rendah Indo-Gangga" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pianura_indo-gangetica" title="Pianura indo-gangetica - italià" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Pianura indo-gangetica" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%92%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89%E3%82%A5%E3%82%B9%E3%82%BF%E3%83%BC%E3%83%B3%E5%B9%B3%E9%87%8E" title="ヒンドゥスターン平野 - japonès" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ヒンドゥスターン平野" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93-%E1%83%92%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%92%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%99%E1%83%94" title="ინდ-განგის ვაკე - georgià" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ინდ-განგის ვაკე" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%AE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%96-%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3_%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%8B%D2%9B%D1%82%D1%8B%D2%93%D1%8B" title="Үнді-Ганг жазықтығы - kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Үнді-Ганг жазықтығы" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%A7%E0%B3%82_%E0%B2%97%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%97%E0%B2%BE_%E0%B2%AC%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%81" title="ಸಿಂಧೂ ಗಂಗಾ ಬಯಲು - kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಸಿಂಧೂ ಗಂಗಾ ಬಯಲು" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9D%B8%EB%8D%94%EC%8A%A4-%EA%B0%A0%EC%A7%80%EC%8A%A4_%ED%8F%89%EC%9B%90" title="인더스-갠지스 평원 - coreà" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="인더스-갠지스 평원" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreà" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4-%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3_%D1%82%D2%AF%D0%B7%D0%B4%D2%AF%D0%B3%D2%AF" title="Инд-ганг түздүгү - kirguís" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Инд-ганг түздүгү" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirguís" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indo%E2%80%93Gangos_lyguma" title="Indo–Gangos lyguma - lituà" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Indo–Gangos lyguma" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituà" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Индоганшка Низина - macedoni" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Индоганшка Низина" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedoni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A7%E0%B5%81-%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%BE_%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%82" title="സിന്ധു-ഗംഗാ സമതലം - malaiàlam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="സിന്ധു-ഗംഗാ സമതലം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malaiàlam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%81_%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%99%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="सिन्धु गङ्गा मैदान - nepalès" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="सिन्धु गङ्गा मैदान" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepalès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gangesvlakte" title="Gangesvlakte - neerlandès" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Gangesvlakte" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Det_nordindiske_l%C3%A5glandet" title="Det nordindiske låglandet - noruec nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Det nordindiske låglandet" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="noruec nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Det_nordindiske_lavlandet" title="Det nordindiske lavlandet - noruec bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Det nordindiske lavlandet" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="noruec bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plana_Indogangetica" title="Plana Indogangetica - occità" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Plana Indogangetica" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occità" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nizina_Hindusta%C5%84ska" title="Nizina Hindustańska - polonès" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Nizina Hindustańska" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%88%D8%B3_%D8%AA%DB%92_%DA%AF%D9%86%DA%AF_%D8%AF%D8%A7_%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86" title="انڈس تے گنگ دا میدان - Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="انڈس تے گنگ دا میدان" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plan%C3%ADcie_Indo-Gang%C3%A9tica" title="Planície Indo-Gangética - portuguès" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Planície Indo-Gangética" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portuguès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE-%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Индо-Гангская равнина - rus" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Индо-Гангская равнина" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Indian_Plain" title="North Indian Plain - Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="North Indian Plain" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indogangsk%C3%A1_n%C3%AD%C5%BEina" title="Indogangská nížina - eslovac" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Indogangská nížina" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="eslovac" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Severnoindijsko_ni%C5%BEavje" title="Severnoindijsko nižavje - eslovè" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Severnoindijsko nižavje" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="eslovè" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE-%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Индо-ганшка низија - serbi" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Индо-ганшка низија" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nordindiska_sl%C3%A4ttlandet" title="Nordindiska slättlandet - suec" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Nordindiska slättlandet" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tambarare_ya_Uhindi_Kaskazini" title="Tambarare ya Uhindi Kaskazini - suahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Tambarare ya Uhindi Kaskazini" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="suahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81-%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%BF" title="சிந்து-கங்கைச் சமவெளி - tàmil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="சிந்து-கங்கைச் சமவெளி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tàmil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%87%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%A1%E0%B1%8B-%E0%B0%97%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%97%E0%B0%BE_%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%88%E0%B0%A6%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%82" title="ఇండో-గంగా మైదానం - telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ఇండో-గంగా మైదానం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B8%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B3%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B8-%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2" title="ที่ราบลุ่มแม่น้ำสินธุ-คงคา - tai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ที่ราบลุ่มแม่น้ำสินธุ-คงคา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hint-Ganj_Ovas%C4%B1" title="Hint-Ganj Ovası - turc" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Hint-Ganj Ovası" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE-%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%80%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Індо-Гангська рівнина - ucraïnès" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Індо-Гангська рівнина" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraïnès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%86%D8%AF%DA%BE_%D9%88_%DA%AF%D9%86%DA%AF_%DA%A9%D8%A7_%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86" title="سندھ و گنگ کا میدان - urdú" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="سندھ و گنگ کا میدان" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdú" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindgang_tekisligi" title="Hindgang tekisligi - uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Hindgang tekisligi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%93ng_b%E1%BA%B1ng_%E1%BA%A4n-H%E1%BA%B1ng" title="Đồng bằng Ấn-Hằng - vietnamita" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Đồng bằng Ấn-Hằng" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamita" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E6%B2%B3-%E6%81%92%E6%B2%B3%E5%B9%B3%E5%8E%9F" title="印度河-恒河平原 - xinès wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="印度河-恒河平原" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="xinès wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93-%E1%83%92%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%92%E1%83%98%E1%83%A8_%E1%83%A0%E1%83%96%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ინდ-განგიშ რზენი - mingrelià" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ინდ-განგიშ რზენი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="mingrelià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E6%B2%B3-%E6%81%92%E6%B2%B3%E5%B9%B3%E5%8E%9F" title="印度河-恒河平原 - xinès" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="印度河-恒河平原" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="xinès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E5%B9%B3%E5%8E%9F" title="中央平原 - cantonès" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="中央平原" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q192305#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifica enllaços interlingües" class="wbc-editpage">Modifica els enllaços</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Espais de noms"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Plana_Indogang%C3%A8tica" title="Vegeu el contingut de la pàgina [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Pàgina</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a 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href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:DownloadAsPdf&amp;page=Plana_Indogang%C3%A8tica&amp;action=show-download-screen"><span>Baixa com a PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Plana_Indogang%C3%A8tica&amp;printable=yes" title="Versió per a impressió d&#039;aquesta pàgina [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versió per a impressora</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> En altres projectes </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Indo-Gangetic_Plain" hreflang="en"><span>Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q192305" title="Enllaç a l&#039;element del repositori de dades connectat [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Element a Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Eines de la pàgina"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aparença"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Aparença</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">mou a la barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">amaga</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates-ind" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><span title="Coordenades geogràfiques WGS84">Coord.:</span> <span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="//geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Plana_Indogang%C3%A8tica&amp;language=ca&amp;params=27_N_80_E_region:"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Mapes, fotos aèries i altres informacions per a aquesta localització">27°&#160;N, 80°&#160;E</span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">&#xfeff; / &#xfeff;</span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Mapes, fotos aèries i altres informacions per a aquesta localització"><span class="latitude">27°N</span>,<span class="longitude">80°E</span></span><span style="display:none">&#xfeff; / <span class="geo">27; 80</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">De la Viquipèdia, l&#039;enciclopèdia lliure</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ca" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r33623789">.mw-parser-output .infobox_bodystyle{font-size:85%;text-align:left;width:24em}.mw-parser-output .infobox_titlestyle{background:#d9b38c}.mw-parser-output .infobox_abovestyle{background:#d9b38c}.mw-parser-output .infobox_headerclass_w_botton_top{background:#d9b38c;border-bottom:2px solid #ccccff;border-top:2px solid #ccccff}.mw-parser-output .infobox_headerstyle{background:#d9b38c}.mw-parser-output .infobox_subheaderstyle{background:#d9b38c}.mw-parser-output .infobox_subheaderstyle1{width:100%;background:#d9b38c;text-align:center;font-size:125%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .infobox_belowstyle{border-top:#aaa 1px solid;background:#FFA07A}.mw-parser-output .infobox-label{background:#eeeeee;padding-right:1.2em;text-align:start}</style><table class="infobox" style="font-size:90%;width:25em;infobox_bodystyle"><caption class="infobox_titlestyle" style="font-weight:bold"><span style="float:left; margin-left: 3px;"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Simpleicons_Places_placeholder-tool.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Plantilla:Infotaula indret"><img alt="Plantilla:Infotaula indret" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Simpleicons_Places_placeholder-tool.svg/20px-Simpleicons_Places_placeholder-tool.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Simpleicons_Places_placeholder-tool.svg/30px-Simpleicons_Places_placeholder-tool.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Simpleicons_Places_placeholder-tool.svg/40px-Simpleicons_Places_placeholder-tool.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></span>Plana Indogangètica</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r33606766">.mw-parser-output .img_toogle ul{list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0;font-size:70%}.mw-parser-output .img_toogle li{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .img_toogle li:after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .img_toogle li:last-child:after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .img_toogle_caption{font-size:100%;font-style:normal;text-align:center;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px}</style><div class="img_toogle"> <div class="geobox"><table style="width:auto; margin:auto; border:none; border-spacing:0; padding:0;"><tbody><tr><td style="border:none; padding:0; text-align:center;"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Ganges_calling.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Imatge"><img alt="Imatge" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Ganges_calling.jpg/300px-Ganges_calling.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Ganges_calling.jpg/450px-Ganges_calling.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Ganges_calling.jpg/600px-Ganges_calling.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1598" data-file-height="712" /></a></span></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Tipus</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start"><a href="/wiki/Plana" title="Plana">plana</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192305?uselang=ca#P31" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Epònim</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start"><a href="/wiki/Indus" title="Indus">Indus</a> i <a href="/wiki/Ganges" title="Ganges">Ganges</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192305?uselang=ca#P138" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">Part de</span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start"><a href="/wiki/%C3%8Dndia" title="Índia">Índia</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192305?uselang=ca#P361" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header infobox_headerclass_w_botton_top" style="text-align:center">Localització</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center;text-align:start"></td></tr><tr><td class="infobox-label"><b>Entitat territorial administrativa</b></td><td><a href="/wiki/%C3%8Dndia" title="Índia">Índia</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192305?uselang=ca#P17" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center;text-align:start"><table align="center" style="width:auto; cellspacing:1; cellpadding:0%; border:0; margin:0; display:table;"><tbody><tr><td align="center" style="width:auto; vertical-align:middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Indo-Gangetic_Plain.png" class="mw-file-description" title="lang=ca"><img alt="lang=ca" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Indo-Gangetic_Plain.png/150px-Indo-Gangetic_Plain.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="102" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Indo-Gangetic_Plain.png/225px-Indo-Gangetic_Plain.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Indo-Gangetic_Plain.png/300px-Indo-Gangetic_Plain.png 2x" data-file-width="922" data-file-height="630" /></a></span> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192305?uselang=ca#P242" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> </td> <td align="center" style="width:auto; vertical-align:middle;"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container floatright" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="150" data-height="150" data-zoom="4" data-lat="27" data-lon="80" data-overlays="[&quot;_51c8393ba1b541b1322f141e4190617e1cb7204a&quot;]" href="/wiki/Especial:Map/4/27/80/ca"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,4,27,80,150x150.png?lang=ca&amp;domain=ca.wikipedia.org&amp;title=Plana_Indogang%C3%A8tica&amp;revid=34244934&amp;groups=_51c8393ba1b541b1322f141e4190617e1cb7204a" width="150" height="150" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,4,27,80,150x150@2x.png?lang=ca&amp;domain=ca.wikipedia.org&amp;title=Plana_Indogang%C3%A8tica&amp;revid=34244934&amp;groups=_51c8393ba1b541b1322f141e4190617e1cb7204a 2x" alt="Map" /></a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" align="center" style="width:auto; vertical-align:middle;"><small>&#160;<span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="//geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Plana_Indogang%C3%A8tica&amp;language=ca&amp;params=27_N_80_E_region:"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Mapes, fotos aèries i altres informacions per a aquesta localització">27°&#160;N, 80°&#160;E</span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">&#xfeff; / &#xfeff;</span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Mapes, fotos aèries i altres informacions per a aquesta localització"><span class="latitude">27°N</span>,<span class="longitude">80°E</span></span><span style="display:none">&#xfeff; / <span class="geo">27; 80</span></span></span></a></span></small></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Format per</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start"><div style="text-align:start;"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q11792455" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q11792455">Ganga plain</a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11792455?uselang=ca" title="Tradueix"><img alt="Tradueix" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192305?uselang=ca#P527" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center;text-align:start"><div style="float: right;"> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center;text-align:start"><div style="float: left;"> </div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>La <b>plana indogangètica</b> és una regió compresa per una planura extensa i fèrtil que abasta la major part del nord de l'<a href="/wiki/%C3%8Dndia" title="Índia">Índia</a>, les zones més poblades de <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a>, el sud de <a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a> i tot el territori de <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Aquesta regió rep el nom dels rius <a href="/wiki/Indus" title="Indus">Indus</a> i <a href="/wiki/Ganges" title="Ganges">Ganges</a>, les aigües dels quals l'atravessen.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> També coneguda com la <b>plana Indus-Ganga</b>, la regió rep el nom dels rius <a href="/wiki/Indus" title="Indus">Indus</a> i <a href="/wiki/Ganges" title="Ganges">Ganges</a> i abasta una sèrie de grans àrees urbanes. La plana està limitada al nord per l’<a href="/wiki/Him%C3%A0laia" title="Himàlaia">Himàlaia</a>, que alimenten els seus nombrosos rius i són la font dels fèrtils <a href="/wiki/Al%C2%B7luvi%C3%B3" title="Al·luvió">al·luvions</a> dipositats a tota la regió pels dos sistemes fluvials. L'extrem sud de la plana està marcat per l’<a href="/wiki/D%C3%A8can" title="Dècan">altiplà del Deccan</a>. A l'oest s'aixeca l’<a href="/wiki/Altipl%C3%A0_Irani%C3%A0" title="Altiplà Iranià">altiplà iranià</a>. </p><p>La plana limita al nord i est amb l'<a href="/wiki/Him%C3%A0laia" title="Himàlaia">Himàlaia</a>, on neixen els molts rius que travessen la plana; al sud amb les serralades de <a href="/wiki/Vindhya" title="Vindhya">Vindhya</a> i <a href="/wiki/Satpura" title="Satpura">Satpura</a> i l'altiplà de <a href="/wiki/Chota_Nagpur" title="Chota Nagpur">Chota Nagpur</a> i a l'oest amb l'altiplà de l'<a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>. La regió és una de les de major densitat de població del món, ja que hi viuen uns 900&#160;milions de persones, amb grans ciutats com <a href="/wiki/Kolkata" class="mw-redirect" title="Kolkata">Kolkata</a>, <a href="/wiki/Delhi" title="Delhi">Delhi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Karachi" title="Karachi">Karachi</a> i <a href="/wiki/Dacca" title="Dacca">Dacca</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geografia">Geografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Plana_Indogang%C3%A8tica&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Modifica la secció: Geografia"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Indo-Gangetic_Plain.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Indo-Gangetic_Plain.png/250px-Indo-Gangetic_Plain.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Indo-Gangetic_Plain.png/375px-Indo-Gangetic_Plain.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Indo-Gangetic_Plain.png/500px-Indo-Gangetic_Plain.png 2x" data-file-width="922" data-file-height="630" /></a><figcaption> Plana Indogangètica</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:India-Pakistan_Borderlands_at_Night.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/India-Pakistan_Borderlands_at_Night.JPG/250px-India-Pakistan_Borderlands_at_Night.JPG" decoding="async" width="250" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/India-Pakistan_Borderlands_at_Night.JPG/375px-India-Pakistan_Borderlands_at_Night.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/India-Pakistan_Borderlands_at_Night.JPG/500px-India-Pakistan_Borderlands_at_Night.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4256" data-file-height="2832" /></a><figcaption> Els grups de llums grogues a la plana indogangètica revelen nombroses ciutats grans i petites en aquesta fotografia del nord de l'Índia i el nord del Pakistan, vistes des del nord-oest. La línia taronja és la <a href="/wiki/Frontera_entre_l%27%C3%8Dndia_i_el_Pakistan" title="Frontera entre l&#39;Índia i el Pakistan">frontera entre l'Índia i el Pakistan</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Indo-Gangetic_Plain.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Indo-Gangetic_Plain.jpg/220px-Indo-Gangetic_Plain.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Indo-Gangetic_Plain.jpg/330px-Indo-Gangetic_Plain.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Indo-Gangetic_Plain.jpg/440px-Indo-Gangetic_Plain.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Una part de la plana indogangètica sobre el nord, el centre i l'est de l'Índia, així com els seus països veïns</figcaption></figure> <p>La plana indogangètica està dividida en dues <a href="/wiki/Conca_hidrogr%C3%A0fica" title="Conca hidrogràfica">conques hidrográgiques</a> pel Delhi Ridge; la part occidental desguassa a l'Indus, i la part oriental consta dels sistemes de drenatge Ganga-Brahmaputra. Aquesta divisió és només a 350 metres sobre <a href="/wiki/Nivell_mitj%C3%A0_del_mar" title="Nivell mitjà del mar">el nivell del mar</a>, provocant la percepció que la plana indogangètica sembla ser contínua des de <a href="/wiki/Sind" title="Sind">Sind</a> a l'oest fins a <a href="/wiki/Bengala" title="Bengala">Bengala</a> i <a href="/wiki/Assam" title="Assam">Assam</a> a l'est. </p><p>Una fina franja entre els contraforts de l’<a href="/wiki/Him%C3%A0laia" title="Himàlaia">Himàlaia</a> i la plana, el Bhabar és una regió de terra porosa formada per pedres i còdols que s'han arrossegat de les muntanyes. No és apte per a cultius i és boscós. Els rierols desapareixen aquí sota terra.<sup id="cite_ref-GKT_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GKT-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>A sota del Bhabar es troben les praderies de Terai i <a href="/wiki/Duars" title="Duars">Duars</a>. </p><p>Els nombrosos afluents del <a href="/wiki/Indus" title="Indus">riu Indus</a> i el <a href="/wiki/Ganges" title="Ganges">riu Ganges</a> divideixen la plana en <i><a href="/wiki/Doab" title="Doab">doabs</a></i>, llengües de terra que s'estenen fins on es troben els afluents. Prop dels rius hi ha terra <i>khadar</i> de nous al·luvions que està subjecte a inundacions. Per sobre del límit d'inundació, la terra <i>bangar</i> és un al·luvion més antic dipositat al <a href="/wiki/Plistoc%C3%A8" title="Plistocè">Plistocè</a> mitjà.<sup id="cite_ref-GKT_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GKT-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Les pluges anuals augmenten de l'oest cap a l'est.<sup id="cite_ref-Iyer2009_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Iyer2009-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Les <a href="/wiki/Delta_del_Ganges" title="Delta del Ganges">planes del Ganges inferior</a> i la <a href="/wiki/Vall_d%27Assam" title="Vall d&#39;Assam">vall d'Assam</a> són més verdes que la plana del Ganges mitjà. El Ganges inferior està centrat a Bengala Occidental, des d'on desemboca a Bangla Desh. Després d'unir-se al <a href="/wiki/Riu_Jamuna" title="Riu Jamuna">Jamuna</a>, un afluent del <a href="/wiki/Brahmaputra" title="Brahmaputra">Brahmaputra</a>, tots dos rius formen el <a href="/wiki/Delta_del_Ganges" title="Delta del Ganges">delta del Ganges</a>. El Brahmaputra neix al <a href="/wiki/Tibet" title="Tibet">Tibet</a> com el riu Yarlung Zangbo i travessa <a href="/wiki/Arunachal_Pradesh" title="Arunachal Pradesh">Arunachal Pradesh</a> i <a href="/wiki/Assam" title="Assam">Assam</a>, abans de travessar <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a>. </p><p>Alguns geògrafs subdivideixen la plana indogangètica en diverses parts: les regions <a href="/wiki/Gujarat" title="Gujarat">de Gujarat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sind" title="Sind">Sind</a>, <a href="/wiki/Panjab" title="Panjab">Panjab</a>, <a href="/wiki/Doab" title="Doab">Doab</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rohilkhand" title="Rohilkhand">Rohilkhand</a>, Awadh, <a href="/wiki/Bihar" title="Bihar">Bihar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bengala" title="Bengala">Bengala</a> i <a href="/wiki/Vall_d%27Assam" title="Vall d&#39;Assam">Assam</a>. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Ganga-Yamuna_Doab.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Ganga-Yamuna_Doab.png/440px-Ganga-Yamuna_Doab.png" decoding="async" width="440" height="253" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Ganga-Yamuna_Doab.png/660px-Ganga-Yamuna_Doab.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Ganga-Yamuna_Doab.png/880px-Ganga-Yamuna_Doab.png 2x" data-file-width="2098" data-file-height="1208" /></a><figcaption> Zona que representa el <a href="/wiki/Ganges" title="Ganges">Ganges</a> - <a href="/wiki/Yamuna" title="Yamuna">Yamuna</a> Doab a les planes indogangètiques.</figcaption></figure> <p>Aproximadament, la plana indogangètica s'estén per: </p> <dl><dd>les <a href="/wiki/Divisi%C3%B3_de_Jammu" title="Divisió de Jammu">planes de Jammu</a> al nord;</dd></dl> <dl><dd>les planures del Punjab a l'est del Pakistan i el nord-oest de l'Índia;</dd></dl> <dl><dd>les <a href="/wiki/Sind" title="Sind">planes de Sind</a> al sud del Pakistan;</dd></dl> <dl><dd>el <a href="/wiki/Delta_de_l%27Indus" title="Delta de l&#39;Indus">delta de l'Indus</a> al sud del Pakistan i l'oest de l'Índia;</dd></dl> <dl><dd>el <a href="/wiki/Doab" title="Doab">Doab</a>;</dd></dl> <dl><dd>les <a href="/wiki/Rohilkhand" title="Rohilkhand">planes de Rohilkhand</a>;</dd></dl> <dl><dd>les planes d'Awadh;</dd></dl> <dl><dd>les Planes de Purvanchal;</dd></dl> <dl><dd>les <a href="/wiki/Bihar" title="Bihar">planes de Bihar</a>;</dd></dl> <dl><dd>les planes de Bengala del Nord;</dd></dl> <dl><dd>el <a href="/wiki/Delta_del_Ganges" title="Delta del Ganges">delta del Ganges</a> a l'Índia i Bangla Desh;</dd></dl> <dl><dd>i la <a href="/wiki/Vall_d%27Assam" title="Vall d&#39;Assam">Vall d'Assam</a> a l'est.</dd></dl> <p>La fèrtil regió de Terai s'estén pel sud del <a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a> i <a href="/wiki/Nord_de_l%27%C3%8Dndia" title="Nord de l&#39;Índia">el nord</a> - <a href="/wiki/%C3%8Dndia_Oriental" title="Índia Oriental">est de l'Índia</a> al llarg dels contraforts de l’<a href="/wiki/Him%C3%A0laia" title="Himàlaia">Himàlaia</a>. Els rius que engloben són el <a href="/wiki/Riu_Beas" title="Riu Beas">Beas</a>, el <a href="/wiki/Chambal" title="Chambal">Chambal</a>, el <a href="/wiki/Chenab" title="Chenab">Chenab</a>, el <a href="/wiki/Ganges" title="Ganges">Ganges</a>, el <a href="/wiki/Gumti" title="Gumti">Gumti</a>, l’<a href="/wiki/Indus" title="Indus">Indus</a>, el <a href="/wiki/Ravi" title="Ravi">Ravi</a>, el <a href="/wiki/Sutlej" title="Sutlej">Sutlej</a> i el <a href="/wiki/Yamuna" title="Yamuna">Yamuna</a>. El sòl és ric en <a href="/wiki/Llim" title="Llim">llim</a>, la qual cosa fa que la plana sigui una de les zones més intensament cultivades del món. Fins i tot les zones rurals aquí estan <a href="/wiki/Densitat_de_poblaci%C3%B3" title="Densitat de població">densament poblades</a>. </p><p>Les planes Indus-Ganga, també conegudes com les <i>Grans Planes de l'Índia</i>, són grans planures inundables dels sistemes fluvials Indus, Ganga i <a href="/wiki/Brahmaputra" title="Brahmaputra">Brahmaputra</a>. Corren paral·lels a les muntanyes de l'Himàlaia, des de <a href="/wiki/Jammu_i_Caixmir" title="Jammu i Caixmir">Jammu i Caixmir</a> i <a href="/wiki/Khyber_Pakhtunkhwa" title="Khyber Pakhtunkhwa">Khyber Pakhtunkhwa</a> a l'oest fins a <a href="/wiki/Assam" title="Assam">Assam</a> a l'est i drenant la major part del <a href="/wiki/Nord_de_l%27%C3%8Dndia" title="Nord de l&#39;Índia">nord</a> i <a href="/wiki/%C3%8Dndia_Oriental" title="Índia Oriental">l'est de</a> l'Índia. Les planes engloben una superfície de 700.000 km i varien d'amplada al llarg de la seva llargada en uns quants centenars de quilòmetres. Els principals rius d'aquest sistema són el Ganges i l'Indus juntament amb els seus afluents; Beas, <a href="/wiki/Yamuna" title="Yamuna">Yamuna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gumti" title="Gumti">Gumti</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ravi" title="Ravi">Ravi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chambal" title="Chambal">Chambal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sutlej" title="Sutlej">Sutlej</a> i <a href="/wiki/Chenab" title="Chenab">Chenab</a>. </p><p>El cinturó Indus-Ganga és l'extensió més extensa del món d'al·luvions ininterromputs formats per la deposició de llim pels nombrosos rius. Són planes i majoritàriament sense arbres, la qual cosa la fa propicia per al regadiu per canals. La zona també és rica en fonts d'aigua subterrània. Les planes són les zones de conreu més intens del món. Els principals conreus que es conreen són l'arròs i el blat que es conreen en rotació. Altres són blat de moro, canya de sucre i cotó. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geologia_regional">Geologia regional</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Plana_Indogang%C3%A8tica&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Modifica la secció: Geologia regional"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional center" style="font-size:80%"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Indo-Gangetic_Plain.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vista per satèl·lit de la plana Indus-Ganges-Brahmaputra amb la costat sud de l&#39;Himàlaia"><img alt="Vista per satèl·lit de la plana Indus-Ganges-Brahmaputra amb la costat sud de l&#39;Himàlaia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Indo-Gangetic_Plain.jpg/120px-Indo-Gangetic_Plain.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Indo-Gangetic_Plain.jpg/180px-Indo-Gangetic_Plain.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Indo-Gangetic_Plain.jpg/240px-Indo-Gangetic_Plain.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Vista per satèl·lit de la plana Indus-Ganges-Brahmaputra amb la costat sud de l'Himàlaia</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:2_2_himal_tecto_units.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Unitats tectòniques de l&#39;Himàlaia amb amb l&#39;empenta frontal principal i l&#39;empenta principal de l&#39;Himàlaia"><img alt="Unitats tectòniques de l&#39;Himàlaia amb amb l&#39;empenta frontal principal i l&#39;empenta principal de l&#39;Himàlaia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/2_2_himal_tecto_units.png/120px-2_2_himal_tecto_units.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="58" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/2_2_himal_tecto_units.png/180px-2_2_himal_tecto_units.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/2_2_himal_tecto_units.png/240px-2_2_himal_tecto_units.png 2x" data-file-width="768" data-file-height="373" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Unitats tectòniques de l'Himàlaia amb amb l'empenta frontal principal i l'empenta principal de l'Himàlaia</div> </li> </ul><p>La plana Indus-Ganges-Brahmaputra està limitada per tots els costats per diferents unitats <a href="/wiki/Geologia" title="Geologia">geològiques</a> / <a href="/wiki/Tect%C3%B2nica" title="Tectònica">tectòniques</a>. El límit nord està format pels <a href="/wiki/Siwalik" title="Siwalik">Siwaliks</a>. Formen la cadena de contraforts més exterior del sud de l'<a href="/wiki/Him%C3%A0laia" title="Himàlaia">Himàlaia</a> amb una longitud d'aproximadament 2400 km i una amplada de 10 a 50 km i, al seu torn, s'apropen a l'Empenta frontal principal<sup id="cite_ref-mainfrontal2_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mainfrontal2-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> que defineix el límit entre l'Himàlaia i els seus contraforts adjacents amb la plana de l'Indus-Ganges-Brahmaputra. És l'<a href="/wiki/Encavalcament" title="Encavalcament">estructura d'empenta</a> més jove i més meridional del front de deformació de l'Himàlaia. És una branca que s'estén de l'Empenta frontal principal<sup id="cite_ref-mainthrust2_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mainthrust2-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> com a cisalla de la base de la muntanya i està ben definida a la superfície i també es pot veure des del satèl·lit. </p><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional center" style="font-size:80%"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Sivallik_Hills_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Curs dels Siwaliks"><img alt="Curs dels Siwaliks" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Sivallik_Hills_map.svg/120px-Sivallik_Hills_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="111" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Sivallik_Hills_map.svg/180px-Sivallik_Hills_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Sivallik_Hills_map.svg/240px-Sivallik_Hills_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="3099" data-file-height="2868" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Curs dels <a href="/wiki/Siwalik" title="Siwalik">Siwaliks</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Churdhaar_Mountain.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Churdhaar Peak és la muntanya més alta de Shivalik/Himachal Pradesh"><img alt="Churdhaar Peak és la muntanya més alta de Shivalik/Himachal Pradesh" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Churdhaar_Mountain.jpg/120px-Churdhaar_Mountain.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Churdhaar_Mountain.jpg/180px-Churdhaar_Mountain.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Churdhaar_Mountain.jpg/240px-Churdhaar_Mountain.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Churdhaar Peak és la muntanya més alta de Shivalik/<a href="/wiki/Himachal_Pradesh" title="Himachal Pradesh">Himachal Pradesh</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Majestic_mountain_range.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Serra del Shivalik"><img alt="Serra del Shivalik" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Majestic_mountain_range.jpg/120px-Majestic_mountain_range.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Majestic_mountain_range.jpg/180px-Majestic_mountain_range.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Majestic_mountain_range.jpg/240px-Majestic_mountain_range.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1280" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Serra del Shivalik</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Divine_Valley.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Congost del Ganges al Shivalik"><img alt="Congost del Ganges al Shivalik" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Divine_Valley.jpg/120px-Divine_Valley.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="68" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Divine_Valley.jpg/180px-Divine_Valley.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Divine_Valley.jpg/240px-Divine_Valley.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="721" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Congost del Ganges al Shivalik</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Història"><span id="Hist.C3.B2ria"></span>Història</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Plana_Indogang%C3%A8tica&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Modifica la secció: Història"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>La regió és coneguda per la <a href="/wiki/Civilitzaci%C3%B3_de_la_vall_de_l%27Indus" title="Civilització de la vall de l&#39;Indus">civilització de la vall de l'Indus</a>, que va ser responsable del naixement de la cultura antiga del subcontinent indi. El terreny pla i fèrtil ha facilitat l'ascens i l'expansió repetits de diversos Imperis, com ara l’<a href="/wiki/Imperi_M%C3%A0uria" title="Imperi Màuria">Imperi Màuria</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=L%27Imperi_Kuixan&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="L&#39;Imperi Kuixan (encara no existeix)">l'Imperi Kuixan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Imperi_Gupta" title="Imperi Gupta">l'Imperi Gupta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dinastia_Pala" title="Dinastia Pala">l'Imperi Pala</a>, l'Imperi Kannauj, <a href="/wiki/Sultanat_de_Delhi" title="Sultanat de Delhi">els Sultanats de Delhi</a>, l’<a href="/wiki/Imperi_Mogol" title="Imperi Mogol">Imperi Mogol</a> i <a href="/wiki/Imperi_Maratha" title="Imperi Maratha">l'Imperi Maratha</a>, tots els quals tenien el seu <a href="/wiki/Demografia" title="Demografia">estat demogràfic</a> i centres <a href="/wiki/Pol%C3%ADtica" title="Política">polítics</a> de la plana indogangètica. Durant les èpoques <a href="/wiki/Per%C3%ADode_v%C3%A8dic" title="Període vèdic">vèdiques</a> i èpiques de la història índia, aquesta regió es va anomenar <i>Aryavarta</i> (Terra dels <a href="/wiki/Aris_(poble)" title="Aris (poble)">Aris</a>). Segons <i><a href="/wiki/Manu_Smriti" title="Manu Smriti">Manu Smriti</a></i> (2.22), 'Aryavarta' és «el tracte entre l’<a href="/wiki/Him%C3%A0laia" title="Himàlaia">Himàlaia</a> i les serres <a href="/wiki/Vindhya" title="Vindhya">Vindhya</a>, des del mar oriental (<a href="/wiki/Golf_de_Bengala" title="Golf de Bengala">badia de Bengala</a>) fins al mar occidental (<a href="/wiki/Mar_d%27Ar%C3%A0bia" title="Mar d&#39;Aràbia">mar d'Aràbia</a>)».<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> La regió també es coneix històricament com <a href="/wiki/Hindustan" title="Hindustan">Hindustan</a> o la Terra dels Hindus. </p><p>El nom 'Hindustan' (हिन्दुस्तान) és persa; significa literalment 'país dels hindús/indis'. El seu primer membre, <i>hindú</i> (हिन्दु), va ser manllevat de la paraula sànscrita <i>sindhu</i> (सिन्धु) m./f. 'riu', mentre que <i>stān</i> és un cognat de la paraula sànscrita <i>sthāna</i> (स्थान) n. 'un lloc'. </p><p>El terme es va utilitzar més tard per referir-se a tot el <a href="/wiki/Subcontinent_indi" title="Subcontinent indi">subcontinent indi</a>. El terme <i>Hindustani</i> també s'utilitza per referir-se a la gent, la música i la cultura de la regió.<sup id="cite_ref-CIA_World_Factbook_-_India_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CIA_World_Factbook_-_India-11"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Indian_Melody_-_Hindustani_Classical_Music_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Indian_Melody_-_Hindustani_Classical_Music-12"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Al segle XII, gran part de la plana indogangètica va ser governada pels <a href="/wiki/Rajputs" title="Rajputs">rajputs</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJadunath_Sarkar196032_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJadunath_Sarkar196032-13"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Els més destacats eeren els <a href="/wiki/Chahamanes_de_Shakambhari" title="Chahamanes de Shakambhari">Chahamanes de Shakambhari</a> juntament amb <a href="/wiki/Gahadavala" title="Gahadavala">els Gahadavals o Rathores</a> de <a href="/wiki/Benar%C3%A9s" title="Benarés">Benarés</a> i molts petits regnes Rajput.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJadunath_Sarkar196032_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJadunath_Sarkar196032-13"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Rajputs" title="Rajputs">Rajput</a> com a casta separada també sorgeix a l'estructura social índia al voltant de <a href="/wiki/G%C3%BArides" title="Gúrides">les invasions gúrides</a> de l'Índia.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJadunath_Sarkar196032_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJadunath_Sarkar196032-13"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>El 1191, el rei <a href="/wiki/Rajputs" title="Rajputs">Rajput</a> d'Ajmer i Delhi, Prithviraj Chauhan, va unificar uns quants estats Rajput i va derrotar decisivament l'exèrcit invasor de <a href="/wiki/Muizz_al-Din_Muh%C3%A0mmad" title="Muizz al-Din Muhàmmad">Muizz al-Din Muhàmmad</a> prop de Tarroari a la Primera Batalla de Tarain.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJadunath_Sarkar196032,34_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJadunath_Sarkar196032,34-14"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Shihabuddin va tornar,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESatish_Chandra200625-26_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESatish_Chandra200625-26-15"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> i malgrat ser superat en nombre, va derrotar decisivament la <a href="/wiki/Rajputs" title="Rajputs">Confederació Rajput</a> de Prithviraj al mateix camp de batalla a la Segona Batalla de Tarain. Prithviraj va fugir del camp de batalla, però va ser capturat poc després del lloc de batalla i executat.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJadunath_Sarkar196037_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJadunath_Sarkar196037-16"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>La derrota de Rajputs marca un moment clau en la història de l'Índia medieval, ja que no només va trencar els poders Rajput a la plana indogangètica, sinó que també va establir fermament una presència musulmana.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJadunath_Sarkar196036-37_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJadunath_Sarkar196036-37-17"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Després de la batalla, el <a href="/wiki/Sultanat_de_Delhi" title="Sultanat de Delhi">sultanat de Delhi</a> es va fer prominent a la regió i el col·lapse de la resistència organitzada de Rajput al nord de l'Índia va portar al control musulmà de la regió en una generació.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJadunath_Sarkar196038_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJadunath_Sarkar196038-18"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fauna">Fauna</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Plana_Indogang%C3%A8tica&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Modifica la secció: Fauna"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Els prats oberts eren en molts sentits similars al paisatge de l'<a href="/wiki/%C3%80frica" title="Àfrica">Àfrica</a> moderna. Grans rajades d'elefants de l'Índia, <a href="/wiki/Gasela" title="Gasela">gaseles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ant%C3%ADlops" title="Antílops">antílops</a> i <a href="/wiki/Cavall" title="Cavall">cavalls</a> convivien amb <a href="/wiki/B%C3%BAfals" title="Búfals">búfals</a>, els tres rinoceronts asiàtics (rinoceront indi, rinoceront de Java, rinoceront de Sumatra), lleons i hipopòtams rondaven pels prats, com ho fan avui a l’Àfrica. A les zones boscoses hi havia diverses espècies de <a href="/wiki/Porc" title="Porc">porc</a> salvatge, <a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9rvol" title="Cérvol">cérvol</a> i <a href="/wiki/Muntjac" title="Muntjac">muntjac</a>. A les regions més humides properes al Ganges, hi hauria hagut grans ramats de búfals aquàtics pasturant a les ribes del riu juntament amb espècies d’hipopòtam extingides. </p><p>Tants animals grans també haurien donat suport a una gran població de depredadors. Llops indis, dholes, hienes ratllades, <a href="/wiki/Guepard" title="Guepard">guepards</a> asiàtics i lleons asiàtics haurien caçat la caça major a les planes obertes, mentre que els <a href="/wiki/Tigre_de_Bengala" title="Tigre de Bengala">tigres</a> i <a href="/wiki/Lleopard" title="Lleopard">lleopards</a> de Bengala perseguirien les preses als boscos circumdants i els óssos mandrosos caçarien tèrmits en aquestes dues zones. Al Ganges hi havia grans concentracions de <a href="/wiki/Gavial" title="Gavial">gavial</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cocodril_persa" title="Cocodril persa">cocodril persa</a> i <a href="/wiki/Dof%C3%AD_del_Ganges" title="Dofí del Ganges">dofí del Ganges</a> que controlaven les poblacions de peixos i algun ramat migratori quan creua el riu. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Agricultura">Agricultura</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Plana_Indogang%C3%A8tica&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Modifica la secció: Agricultura"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>L'agricultura a la plana de l'Indus-Ganga consisteix principalment en arròs i blat cultivats en rotació de cultius. Altres conreus són blat de moro, mill, ordi, canya de sucre i cotó. </p><p>La principal font de pluja és el monsó del sud-oest que normalment és suficient per a l'agricultura general. Els nombrosos rius que surten de l'Himàlaia proporcionen aigua per a grans obres de reg. </p><p>A causa d'un creixement ràpid de la població (així com d'altres factors), aquesta zona es considera amb un alt risc d'escassetat d'aigua en el futur. </p><p>La zona constitueix la terra entre el riu Brahmaputra i la serralada Aravalli. El Ganga i altres rius com el Yamuna, el Ghaghara i el riu Chambal travessen la zona. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Divisions_administratives">Divisions administratives</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Plana_Indogang%C3%A8tica&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Modifica la secció: Divisions administratives"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Com que no és totalment possible definir els límits de la plana indogangètica, també és difícil donar una llista exacta de quines àrees administratives formen part de la plana. </p><p>Les zones que estan totalment o a més de la meitat a la plana són: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a> (excepte els <a href="/wiki/Chittagong_Hill_Tracts" title="Chittagong Hill Tracts">Chittagong Hill Tracts</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhutan" title="Bhutan">Bhutan</a> (només les franges meridionals del país que limita amb l'Índia)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%8Dndia" title="Índia">Índia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arunachal_Pradesh" title="Arunachal Pradesh">Arunachal Pradesh</a> (les franges del sud que voregen <a href="/wiki/Assam" title="Assam">Assam</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assam" title="Assam">Assam</a> (La <a href="/wiki/Vall_d%27Assam" title="Vall d&#39;Assam">Vall d'Assam</a> i Barak)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bihar" title="Bihar">Bihar</a> (gairebé completament)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandigar" title="Chandigar">Chandigar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delhi" title="Delhi">Delhi</a> (gairebé completament)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haryana" title="Haryana">Haryana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Himachal_Pradesh" title="Himachal Pradesh">Himachal Pradesh</a> (districte d'Una i les franges del sud que voregen el <a href="/wiki/Panjab" title="Panjab">Panjab</a> i <a href="/wiki/Haryana" title="Haryana">Haryana</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jammu_i_Caixmir" title="Jammu i Caixmir">Jammu i Caixmir</a> (3 districtes més al sud de la <a href="/wiki/Divisi%C3%B3_de_Jammu" title="Divisió de Jammu">divisió de Jammu</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madhya_Pradesh" title="Madhya Pradesh">Madhya Pradesh</a> (<a href="/wiki/Gwalior_Gird" title="Gwalior Gird">Gwalior Gird</a> inclosa la <a href="/wiki/Divisi%C3%B3_de_Chambal" title="Divisió de Chambal">divisió de Chambal</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panjab_(%C3%8Dndia)" title="Panjab (Índia)">Panjab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajasthan" title="Rajasthan">Rajasthan</a> (districtes de Sri Ganganagar i Hanumangarh)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uttarakhand" title="Uttarakhand">Uttarakhand</a> (regió de Terai que abasta els districtes de <a href="/wiki/Districte_d%27Hardwar" title="Districte d&#39;Hardwar">Hardwar</a> i Udham Singh Nagar)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh" title="Uttar Pradesh">Uttar Pradesh</a> (exclosa la <a href="/wiki/Divisi%C3%B3_de_Chitrakut" title="Divisió de Chitrakut">Divisió de Chitrakut</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengala_Occidental" title="Bengala Occidental">Bengala Occidental</a> (exclosa la regió dels turons de l'Himàlaia de Darjeeling)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a> <ul><li>Terai nepalès</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balutxistan_Oriental" title="Balutxistan Oriental">Balutxistan Oriental</a> (planes de Kacchi)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panjab_(Pakistan)" title="Panjab (Pakistan)">Panjab</a> (excepte <a href="/wiki/Salt_Range" title="Salt Range">Salt Range</a> i <a href="/wiki/Cholistan" title="Cholistan">el desert de Cholistan</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sind" title="Sind">Sind</a> (excloent la serralada de Kirthar i el <a href="/wiki/Thar" title="Thar">desert de Thar</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khyber_Pakhtunkhwa" title="Khyber Pakhtunkhwa">Khyber Pakhtunkhwa</a> (<a href="/wiki/Deradjat" title="Deradjat">regió de Derajat</a> i vall de Peshawar)</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referències"><span id="Refer.C3.A8ncies"></span>Referències</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Plana_Indogang%C3%A8tica&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Modifica la secció: Referències"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist &#123;&#123;#if: &#124; references-column-count references-column-count-&#123;&#123;&#123;col&#125;&#125;&#125;" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Sinha</span>, Rajiv&#59; <span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Tandon</span>, Sampat.&#32;«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/285137209_Indus-Ganga-Brahmaputra_Plains_The_Alluvial_Landscape"><i>Indus-Ganga-Brahmaputra Plains: The Alluvial Landscape.</i></a>».&#32; Buchauszug.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.country-data.com/cgi-bin/query/r-5992.html">India - Indo-Gangetic Plain</a>».&#32;[Consulta: 6 abril 2021].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Indo-Gangetic-Plain">Indo-Gangetic Plain | plain, Asia</a>»&#32;(en anglès).&#32;[Consulta: 2 juliol 2021].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFTaneja,_Garima2014"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Taneja, Garima</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.cat/books?id=_45iAwAAQBAJ"><i>Farmers preferences for climate-smart agriculture: An assessment in the Indo-Gangetic Plain</i></a>.&#32; Intl Food Policy Res Inst,&#32;2014,&#32;p.&#160;2.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Farmers+preferences+for+climate-smart+agriculture%3A+An+assessment+in+the+Indo-Gangetic+Plain&amp;rft.aulast=Taneja%2C+Garima&amp;rft.date=2014&amp;rft.pub=Intl+Food+Policy+Res+Inst&amp;rft.pages=2&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.cat%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_45iAwAAQBAJ"><span style="display: none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GKT-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-GKT_5-0">5,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-GKT_5-1">5,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gktoday.in/gk/indo-gangetic-plains-geography-facts-divisions-and-importance/">Indo-Gangetic plains: Geography, Facts, Divisions and Importance</a>».&#32;<i>General Knowledge Today</i>,&#32;03-04-2016.&#32;[Consulta: 30 maig 2019].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Iyer2009-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Iyer2009_6-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal">&#32;Ramaswamy R Iyer. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.cat/books?id=qdGGAwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA542"><i>Water and the Laws in India</i></a>.&#32; SAGE Publications,&#32;11 abril 2009,&#32;p.&#160;542–. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/978-81-321-0424-7" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/978-81-321-0424-7">ISBN 978-81-321-0424-7</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Water+and+the+Laws+in+India&amp;rft.date=11+abril+2009&amp;rft.pub=SAGE+Publications&amp;rft.pages=542%E2%80%93&amp;rft.isbn=978-81-321-0424-7&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.cat%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DqdGGAwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA542"><span style="display: none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mainfrontal2-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-mainfrontal2_7-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">W. Paul Burgess, An Yin, Chandra S. Dubey, Zheng-Kang Shen und Thomas K. Kelty: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www2.ess.ucla.edu/~yin/05-Publications/papers/140-Burgess">etal-2012-EPSL.pdf <i>Holocene shortening across the Main Frontal Thrust zone in the eastern Himalaya.</i></a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span title="" style="white-space: nowrap;"><i>&#91;<a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:Enlla%C3%A7os_externs#Manteniment_d&#39;enllaços_externs" title="Viquipèdia:Enllaços externs">Enllaç no actiu</a>&#93;</i></span></sup> In: <i>Earth and Planetary Science Letters</i>, 357–358 (2012) 152–167.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mainthrust2-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-mainthrust2_8-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Thomas Ader, Jean-Philippe Avouac, Jing Liu-Zeng, Hélène Lyon-Caen und andere: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1029/2011JB009071"><i>Convergence rate across the Nepal Himalaya and interseismic coupling on the Main Himalayan Thrust: Implications for seismic hazard.</i></a> In: <i>Journal opf Geophysical Rechearch</i>, Volume 117, Issue B4, abril de 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFGopal1990"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Gopal</span>, Madan.&#32;K.S. Gautam. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/indiathroughages00mada"><i>India through the ages</i></a>.&#32; Publication Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India,&#32;1990,&#32;p.&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/indiathroughages00mada/page/70">70</a>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=India+through+the+ages&amp;rft.aulast=Gopal&amp;rft.aufirst=Madan&amp;rft.date=1990&amp;rft.pub=Publication+Division%2C+Ministry+of+Information+and+Broadcasting%2C+Government+of+India&amp;rft.pages=%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Findiathroughages00mada%2Fpage%2F70+70%5D&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Findiathroughages00mada"><span style="display: none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Cook_(historian)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Michael Cook (historian) (encara no existeix)">Michael Cook</a> (2014), <i>Ancient Religions, Modern Politics: The Islamic Case in Comparative Perspective</i>, Princeton University Press, p. 68: "Aryavarta... is defined by Manu as extending from the Himalayas in the north to the Vindhyas of Central India in the south and from the sea in the west to the sea in the east."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CIA_World_Factbook_-_India-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-CIA_World_Factbook_-_India_11-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/india/">India</a>».&#32; CIA – The World Factbook.&#32;[Consulta: 14 desembre 2007].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Indian_Melody_-_Hindustani_Classical_Music-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Indian_Melody_-_Hindustani_Classical_Music_12-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071211061711/http://www.indianmelody.com/hindustani.htm">Hindustani Classical Music</a>».&#32; Indian Melody. Arxivat de l'<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.indianmelody.com/hindustani.htm">original</a> el 11 desembre 2007.&#32;[Consulta: 14 desembre 2007].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJadunath_Sarkar196032-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJadunath_Sarkar196032_13-0">13,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJadunath_Sarkar196032_13-1">13,1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJadunath_Sarkar196032_13-2">13,2</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJadunath_Sarkar1960">Jadunath Sarkar, 1960</a>, p.&#160;32.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJadunath_Sarkar196032,34-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJadunath_Sarkar196032,34_14-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJadunath_Sarkar1960">Jadunath Sarkar, 1960</a>, p.&#160;32,34.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESatish_Chandra200625-26-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESatish_Chandra200625-26_15-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSatish_Chandra2006">Satish Chandra, 2006</a>, p.&#160;25-26.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJadunath_Sarkar196037-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJadunath_Sarkar196037_16-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJadunath_Sarkar1960">Jadunath Sarkar, 1960</a>, p.&#160;37.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJadunath_Sarkar196036-37-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJadunath_Sarkar196036-37_17-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJadunath_Sarkar1960">Jadunath Sarkar, 1960</a>, p.&#160;36-37.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJadunath_Sarkar196038-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJadunath_Sarkar196038_18-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJadunath_Sarkar1960">Jadunath Sarkar, 1960</a>, p.&#160;38.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Control_d%27autoritats" title="Control d&#39;autoritats">Registres d'autoritat</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_Nacional_de_la_Rep%C3%BAblica_Txeca" title="Biblioteca Nacional de la República Txeca">NKC</a> <span class="uid"> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&amp;local_base=aut&amp;ccl_term=ica=ge134214&amp;CON_LNG=ENG">1</a>)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐f69cdc8f6‐2jqt7 Cached time: 20241124183616 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.916 seconds Real time usage: 1.120 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 11170/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 58078/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 17041/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 35/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 21762/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.468/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 4513588/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 2/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 1028.739 1 -total 82.99% 853.704 1 Plantilla:Infotaula_indret 72.87% 749.680 1 Plantilla:Infobox_physical_geography 70.66% 726.860 1 Plantilla:Infobox_physical_geography/formatglobal 66.27% 681.774 1 Plantilla:InfoboxFrame 24.98% 256.986 51 Plantilla:If_empty 16.80% 172.818 1 Plantilla:Two_maps_block 10.98% 112.959 2 Plantilla:Align 10.56% 108.633 1 Plantilla:Referències 9.69% 99.644 1 Plantilla:Identifiers --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key cawiki:pcache:902399:|#|:idhash:canonical and timestamp 20241124183616 and revision id 34244934. 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