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</div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Aqua Augusta (Naples)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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.geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Aqua_Augusta_(Naples)&params=40_47_43_N_14_4_49_E_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">40°47′43″N</span> <span class="longitude">14°4′49″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">40.79528°N 14.08028°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">40.79528; 14.08028</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Aqueduct</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Route_des_Serino-Aqu%C3%A4dukts.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Route_des_Serino-Aqu%C3%A4dukts.png/260px-Route_des_Serino-Aqu%C3%A4dukts.png" decoding="async" width="260" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Route_des_Serino-Aqu%C3%A4dukts.png/390px-Route_des_Serino-Aqu%C3%A4dukts.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Route_des_Serino-Aqu%C3%A4dukts.png/520px-Route_des_Serino-Aqu%C3%A4dukts.png 2x" data-file-width="1080" data-file-height="591" /></a><figcaption>Route and branches of the Serino Aqueduct</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CapoMiseno.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/CapoMiseno.jpg/220px-CapoMiseno.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cd/CapoMiseno.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="320" data-file-height="240" /></a><figcaption>End of the aqueduct at Cape <a href="/wiki/Misenum" class="mw-redirect" title="Misenum">Misenum</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>Aqua Augusta</b>, or <b>Serino Aqueduct</b> (<a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a>: <i lang="it">Acquedotto romano del Serino</i>), was one of the largest, most complex and costliest <a href="/wiki/Aqueduct_(Roman)" class="mw-redirect" title="Aqueduct (Roman)">aqueduct</a> systems in the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman</a> world; it supplied water to at least eight ancient cities in the Bay of <a href="/wiki/Naples" title="Naples">Naples</a> including <a href="/wiki/Pompeii" title="Pompeii">Pompeii</a> and <a href="/wiki/Herculaneum" title="Herculaneum">Herculaneum</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This aqueduct was unlike any other of its time, being a regional network rather than being focused on one urban centre.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Route_of_the_aqueduct">Route of the aqueduct</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aqua_Augusta_(Naples)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Route of the aqueduct"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pozzuoli_aqueduct.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Pozzuoli_aqueduct.jpg/220px-Pozzuoli_aqueduct.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Pozzuoli_aqueduct.jpg/330px-Pozzuoli_aqueduct.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Pozzuoli_aqueduct.jpg/440px-Pozzuoli_aqueduct.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>Twin aqueduct tunnels at <a href="/wiki/Pozzuoli" title="Pozzuoli">Pozzuoli</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Crypta_Neapolitana_(Vergiliano)_2.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Crypta_Neapolitana_%28Vergiliano%29_2.JPG/220px-Crypta_Neapolitana_%28Vergiliano%29_2.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Crypta_Neapolitana_%28Vergiliano%29_2.JPG/330px-Crypta_Neapolitana_%28Vergiliano%29_2.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Crypta_Neapolitana_%28Vergiliano%29_2.JPG/440px-Crypta_Neapolitana_%28Vergiliano%29_2.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption>At the Crypta Neapolitana Roman road tunnel</figcaption></figure> <p>The eastern parts of the route of the aqueduct<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> are well known thanks to the writings of two Italian engineers,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who were asked to see if it could be brought back in use as the main water supply of Naples in the 16th and 19th centuries. The western part beyond Naples was less known until recent research.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There were ten branches, seven of which were for cities while three were for some of the numerous luxurious villas in this area popular with rich Romans, such as the Villa Pollio at <a href="/wiki/Posillipo" title="Posillipo">Posillipo</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Including the branches, the total length of the aqueduct was approximately 145 km (90 mi), making it the longest Roman aqueduct system in the Roman world,<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with the possible exception of the <a href="/wiki/Gadara_Aqueduct" title="Gadara Aqueduct">Gadara Aqueduct</a>, until the 5th century AD when the <a href="/wiki/Valens_Aqueduct" class="mw-redirect" title="Valens Aqueduct">Valens Aqueduct</a> was extended in <a href="/wiki/Constantinople" title="Constantinople">Constantinople</a>. The Aqua Augusta was one of the most difficult and costly aqueducts ever constructed by an ancient civilisation due to its length and the difficult terrain it crossed.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite its size and complexity, the Aqua Augusta is today largely unknown as a major monument because most of it is underground. </p><p>The aqueduct's main source (<i>caput aquae</i>), the <i>Fons Augusteus</i> (now known as Acquaro-Pelosi), was in the <a href="/wiki/Terminio" title="Terminio">Terminio</a>-Tuoro mountains near the modern town of <a href="/wiki/Serino" title="Serino">Serino</a> not far from the city of <a href="/wiki/Avellino" title="Avellino">Avellino</a> and at 376 m above sea level. It is likely that there were several supplementary sources at other points in the network, including the branches from <a href="/wiki/Avellino" title="Avellino">Avellino</a> and at Scalandrone near <a href="/wiki/Baiae" title="Baiae">Baiae</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One of its main terminations was the enormous <a href="/wiki/Piscina_Mirabilis" title="Piscina Mirabilis">Piscina Mirabilis</a> cistern at the naval base and port of <a href="/wiki/Misenum" class="mw-redirect" title="Misenum">Misenum</a>. </p><p>Since the aqueduct traversed such a distance, many difficulties were encountered when building it: several long tunnels were cut through mountains; the 6 km-long (3.7 mi) Monti di Forino tunnel crossed a watershed in the Apennines (one of the longest Roman tunnels),<sup id="cite_ref-:1_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and a 2 km-long (1.2 mi) tunnel crossed into the Sarno plain; also at the <a href="/wiki/Crypta_Neapolitana" title="Crypta Neapolitana">Crypta Neapolitana</a> road tunnel and the <a href="/wiki/Grotta_di_Cocceio" title="Grotta di Cocceio">Grotta di Cocceio</a> road tunnel. A 3.5 km-long (2.2 mi) raised section on arches was built at <a href="/wiki/Pomigliano_d%E2%80%99Arco" class="mw-redirect" title="Pomigliano d’Arco">Pomigliano d’Arco</a>. There was ground movement due to seismic activity and a sea crossing was needed to the island of <a href="/wiki/Nisida" title="Nisida">Nisida</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The aqueduct passed underground 400m south of the Roman baths at <a href="/wiki/Agnano" title="Agnano">Agnano</a> with its own branch, and a few metres north of the <a href="/wiki/Amphitheatre" title="Amphitheatre">amphitheatre</a> of <a href="/wiki/Pozzuoli" title="Pozzuoli">Pozzuoli</a><sup id="cite_ref-auto_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with a 70m branch to the aqueduct. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aqua_Augusta_(Naples)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Serino aqueduct was constructed during the Augustan period of the Roman Empire, probably from 33 BC when Marcus Vipsanius <a href="/wiki/Marcus_Vipsanius_Agrippa" title="Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa">Agrippa</a> (close friend and ally of Emperor <a href="/wiki/Augustus" title="Augustus">Augustus</a>) was <i><a href="/wiki/Curator_Aquarum" title="Curator Aquarum">curator aquarum</a></i> in Rome, principally in order to refurnish the Roman fleet of Misenum and secondarily to supply water for the increasing demand of the important commercial harbour of <a href="/wiki/Pozzuoli" title="Pozzuoli">Puteoli</a> as well as for big cities such as <a href="/wiki/Cumae" title="Cumae">Cumae</a> and Neapolis.<sup id="cite_ref-Hodge,_A.T_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hodge,_A.T-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There is evidence that a large number of private users were members of the Rome senatorial class. In Rome, a letter from the emperor was required to gain a private connection and so it seems that imperial favour was also a factor in accessing the Augusta's water. </p><p>During the war with <a href="/wiki/Sextus_Pompey" title="Sextus Pompey">Sextus Pompey</a>, Augustus ordered the construction of the <a href="/wiki/Portus_Julius" title="Portus Julius">Portus Julius</a> harbour just west of Puteoli. Later, this harbour was seen as less ideal because of silting problems and a new major naval base was built further west at <a href="/wiki/Miseno" title="Miseno">Misenum</a> to become the basis of the western Mediterranean fleet. Large quantities of fresh water were needed for the base itself and for the ships which may have been one of the reasons the new aqueduct was built.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Such a major monument required constant maintenance; there were major repairs in the <a href="/wiki/Flavian_dynasty" title="Flavian dynasty">Flavian</a> period (1st century AD) with the addition of parallel tunnels and the Emperor <a href="/wiki/Constantine_the_Great" title="Constantine the Great">Constantine</a> also engaged in a massive restoration documented on an inscription tablet<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> discovered in Serino and dated to AD 324. Its text<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> proved that the aqueduct dated to Augustus and not to <a href="/wiki/Claudius" title="Claudius">Claudius</a> as previously thought.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The destinations listed on the tablet are: <a href="/wiki/Nola" title="Nola">Nola</a>, <a href="/wiki/Acerra" title="Acerra">Acerrae</a>, <a href="/wiki/Atella" title="Atella">Atella</a>, <a href="/wiki/Naples" title="Naples">Naples</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pozzuoli" title="Pozzuoli">Pozzuoli</a>, <a href="/wiki/Baiae" title="Baiae">Baiae</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cumae" title="Cumae">Cumae</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Misenum" class="mw-redirect" title="Misenum">Misenum</a>. The cities of <a href="/wiki/Pompeii" title="Pompeii">Pompeii</a>, <a href="/wiki/Herculaneum" title="Herculaneum">Herculaneum</a> and <a href="/wiki/Stabiae" title="Stabiae">Stabiae</a> were also originally supplied by the aqueduct but, being buried by the <a href="/wiki/Eruption_of_Mount_Vesuvius_in_79_AD" title="Eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 AD">eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 AD</a>, they did not appear on this list. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Castellum_Aquae_Pompeii_271.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Castellum_Aquae_Pompeii_271.jpg/220px-Castellum_Aquae_Pompeii_271.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Castellum_Aquae_Pompeii_271.jpg/330px-Castellum_Aquae_Pompeii_271.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Castellum_Aquae_Pompeii_271.jpg/440px-Castellum_Aquae_Pompeii_271.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>The spur from the Aqua Augusta entering the <i><a href="/wiki/Castellum" title="Castellum">castellum aquae</a></i> in <a href="/wiki/Pompeii" title="Pompeii">Pompeii</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The next major eruption in 472 AD left the aqueduct covered in ash, and 3.5 km (2.2 mi) of the duct, the <a href="/wiki/Pomigliano_d%27Arco" title="Pomigliano d'Arco">Pomigliano d’Arco</a> arcade,<sup id="cite_ref-:1_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> collapsed prior to the actual eruption. This cut off the supply of water to all the towns except Nola and Acerrae. The poor administrative and economic situation in Campania at this time, and Italy in general, prevented major repairs to the Augusta and after this time only other aqueducts in the area were referred to.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In modern times, parts of the aqueduct including the <a href="/wiki/Piscina_Mirabilis" title="Piscina Mirabilis">Piscina Mirabilis</a> were vital to the region's survival as air-raid shelters during World War II. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Piscina_Mirabilis_2010-by-RaBoe-17.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Piscina_Mirabilis_2010-by-RaBoe-17.jpg/220px-Piscina_Mirabilis_2010-by-RaBoe-17.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Piscina_Mirabilis_2010-by-RaBoe-17.jpg/330px-Piscina_Mirabilis_2010-by-RaBoe-17.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Piscina_Mirabilis_2010-by-RaBoe-17.jpg/440px-Piscina_Mirabilis_2010-by-RaBoe-17.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="900" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Piscina_Mirabilis" title="Piscina Mirabilis">Piscina Mirabilis</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Visible_remains">Visible remains</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aqua_Augusta_(Naples)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Visible remains"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ponti_Rossi_Napoli.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Ponti_Rossi_Napoli.jpg/220px-Ponti_Rossi_Napoli.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Ponti_Rossi_Napoli.jpg/330px-Ponti_Rossi_Napoli.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Ponti_Rossi_Napoli.jpg/440px-Ponti_Rossi_Napoli.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1500" /></a><figcaption>Twin bridges at Ponti Rossi, Napoli</figcaption></figure> <p>There are few visible remains of the aqueduct today, although much of it still exists below ground. Traces of the original structure may be found at a number of sites in and around Naples. </p><p>These include: </p> <ul><li>supporting wall for arches of a raised aqueduct section at Muro d'Arce near via Muro d'Arce, Sarno</li> <li>"Ponte Tirone": two parallel sections in Palma Campania (Tirone District),<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>the two parallel <a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ponti_Rossi" class="extiw" title="it:Ponti Rossi">Ponti Rossi</a> aqueduct bridges</li> <li>a section next to the <a href="/wiki/Crypta_Neapolitana" title="Crypta Neapolitana">Crypta Neapolitana</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Parco_Virgiliano_(Mergellina)" title="Parco Virgiliano (Mergellina)">Parco Vergiliano</a> at Piedigrotta where it occupied a parallel tunnel<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>a branch to the Pozzuoli amphitheatre and the main aqueduct to the north<sup id="cite_ref-auto_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>a water catchment cave near Scalandrone, comune di <a href="/wiki/Bacoli" title="Bacoli">Bacoli</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:3_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>a section next to the entrance to the Baia archaeological park.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>the well-preserved <a href="/wiki/Piscina_Mirabilis" title="Piscina Mirabilis">Piscina Mirabilis</a> at Misenum. This is one of the largest such reservoirs on an aqueduct known in the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman Empire</a><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and survives almost intact to this day. It was probably intended for a large villa, or possibly as a strategic water resource for the naval base though it lies about 1 km (0.62 mi) distant.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_basements_between_via_Arena_and_vico_Traetta">In basements between via Arena and vico Traetta</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aqua_Augusta_(Naples)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: In basements between via Arena and vico Traetta"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Particolare_dell%27acquedotto_del_Serino_1_-_Napoli.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Particolare_dell%27acquedotto_del_Serino_1_-_Napoli.jpg/220px-Particolare_dell%27acquedotto_del_Serino_1_-_Napoli.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Particolare_dell%27acquedotto_del_Serino_1_-_Napoli.jpg/330px-Particolare_dell%27acquedotto_del_Serino_1_-_Napoli.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Particolare_dell%27acquedotto_del_Serino_1_-_Napoli.jpg/440px-Particolare_dell%27acquedotto_del_Serino_1_-_Napoli.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>Arches in basement of Via Arena</figcaption></figure> <p>Recently, arches of the twin aqueduct have been revealed in cellars of buildings in <a href="/wiki/Rione_Sanit%C3%A0" title="Rione Sanità">Rione Sanità</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in 6 via Arena alla Sanità, and are open to the public. They run from north to south for a long section at a separation of 10m and then come as close as 2m in the southern part. The western channel is Augustan, whereas the eastern part was added later.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>They sparked increased interest in research, which has led to more exploration of the line of the monumental aqueduct. An immense cistern on the line of the channels has been found next to the Hellenistic necropolis. Also a new piece of the ancient aqueduct has been identified uphill from via Foria in the “Miracoli” district where the channel runs underground for 220 m. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literary_depictions">Literary depictions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aqua_Augusta_(Naples)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Literary depictions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>It features prominently in the novel <i><a href="/wiki/Pompeii_(novel)" title="Pompeii (novel)">Pompeii</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Robert_Harris_(novelist)" title="Robert Harris (novelist)">Robert Harris</a>, whose <a href="/wiki/Protagonist" title="Protagonist">protagonist</a> is a water engineer ("Aquarius") sent from <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a> to maintain the aqueduct in AD 79 during the time around the eruption of <a href="/wiki/Mount_Vesuvius" title="Mount Vesuvius">Mount Vesuvius</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aqua_Augusta_(Naples)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roman_aqueducts" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman aqueducts">Roman aqueducts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_engineering" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman engineering">Roman engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_technology" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman technology">Roman technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Roman_cisterns" title="List of Roman cisterns">List of Roman cisterns</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aqua_Augusta_(Naples)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>De Feo, Giovanni; Wayne F. Lorenz, et al. "<i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/283675086_Route_and_tunnels_of_the_Aqua_Augusta_for_the_water_supply_of_Pompeii">Route and tunnels of the Aqua Augusta for the water supply of Pompeii</a></i>." International Journal of Global Environmental Issues 14.3-4 (2015): 177–186. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.inderscience.com/">InderScience Publishers</a></li> <li>Hodge, A.Trevor (1989). "<i>Roman Aqueducts & Water Supply",</i> 1st ed. London: Duckworth Publishing. ISBN 978-0-7156-2194-3</li> <li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFKeenan-Jones2010" class="citation journal cs1">Keenan-Jones, Duncan (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/71324230">"The Aqua Augusta and control of water resources in the Bay of Naples"</a>. <i>Australasian Society for Classical Studies Conference 31, Perth, Australia 2010</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Australasian+Society+for+Classical+Studies+Conference+31%2C+Perth%2C+Australia+2010&rft.atitle=The+Aqua+Augusta+and+control+of+water+resources+in+the+Bay+of+Naples&rft.date=2010&rft.aulast=Keenan-Jones&rft.aufirst=Duncan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F71324230&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAqua+Augusta+%28Naples%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Keenan-Jones, Duncan (2010). "<i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/papers-of-the-british-school-at-rome/article/abs/macquarie-university-gale-scholarship-the-aqua-augusta-regional-water-supply-in-roman-and-late-antique-campania-an-historical-and-archaeometrical-study/83EE6EF71C27DD0E8BBBBFC5B72D0047#article">Macquarie University Gale Scholarship: The Aqua Augusta. Regional water supply in Roman and late antique Campania: an historical and archaeometrical study</a></i>", published online by <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>. Papers of the British School at Rome, Volume 78 , November 2010 , pp. 308 - 309. <a href="//doi.org/10.1017/S0068246200000994" class="extiw" title="doi:10.1017/S0068246200000994">DOI: 10.1017/S006824620000 994</a></li> <li>Dott.Ing. Potenza, Uberto, former manager of the <i>Azienda Municipale Acquedotto di Napoli</i> (A.M.A.N., then ARIN, today <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.abc.napoli.it/">ABC</a>). <i>"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ulixes.it/acquedotto-romano-di-serino.html">The Roman aqueducts of Serino</a>"</i> (ulixes.it)<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idrotecnicaitaliana.it/lacquaonline/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/Potenza-Serino.pdf"><i>L’acqua di Serino e l’acquedotto Augusteo</i></a>" (www.idrotecnicaitaliana.it) (both in Italian)</li> <li>Miccio, Bruno & Potenza, Uberto (1994). "<i>Gli acquedotti di Napoli</i>" [The Aqueducts of Naples]. Out of commerce hardcover edition by A.M.A.N, 188 p. (in Italian)</li> <li>Lorenz, Wayne F.; Libertini, Giacinto; Miccio, Bruno; Leone, Nino & De Feo, Giovanni (2016). "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/308517326_Prominent_features_of_the_Augustan_aqueduct_in_the_Naples_bay_area_article"><i>Prominent features of the Augustan aqueduct in the Naples bay area</i></a>" (PDF article). 4th IWA International Symposium on Water and Wastewater Technologies in Ancient Civilizations, Coimbra, Portugal (via researchgate.net)</li> <li>Sgobbo, Italo (1938). <i>Serino</i> - <i>L'acquedotto romano della Campania "Fontis Augustei Aquaeductus"</i> [Serino - the Roman aqueduct of Campania: "Fontis Augustei Aquaeductus"]. Napoli: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lincei.it/it">R. Accademia dei Lincei</a>. Notizie degli Scavi di Antichità (NSc), Serie 6, 14: pp. 75-97. (in Italian).</li> <li>Matthews, Kenneth D. (1970). "<i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.penn.museum/documents/publications/expedition/PDFs/13-1/Matthews.pdf">Roman Aqueducts. Technical Aspects of their Construction</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230403163641/https://www.penn.museum/documents/publications/expedition/PDFs/13-1/Matthews.pdf">Archived</a> 2023-04-03 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></i>" (via penn.museum). Publ: <i>Expedition</i>, Fall 1970; pp. 2-16</li> <li>Del Prete, Sossio & Varriale, Rosario (2007). "<i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/263017041_Breve_rassegna_sui_principali_acquedotti_ipogei_della_Campania">Breve rassegna sui principali acquedotti ipogei della Campania</a></i>" [Brief review of the main underground aqueducts in Campania] (in Italian). <i>Opera Ipogea N° 1 / 2007: Carta degli antichi acquedotti italiani [The Map of Ancient Aqueducts of Italy]</i>; rivista della Società Speleologica Italiana; pp. 75–84</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aqua_Augusta_(Naples)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPasschierSchramvan_Opstal" class="citation web cs1">Passchier, Cees W.; Schram, Wilke D.; van Opstal, Driek. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070927064500/http://www.romanaqueducts.info/aquasite/serino/">"Roman Aqueducts: Serino Aqua Augusta"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.romanaqueducts.info/aquasite/serino/">the original</a> on 2007-09-27<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-08-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Roman+Aqueducts%3A+Serino+Aqua+Augusta&rft.aulast=Passchier&rft.aufirst=Cees+W.&rft.au=Schram%2C+Wilke+D.&rft.au=van+Opstal%2C+Driek&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.romanaqueducts.info%2Faquasite%2Fserino%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAqua+Augusta+%28Naples%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDe_FeoNapoli2007" class="citation journal cs1">De Feo, Giovanni; Napoli, R.M.A (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://iwaponline.com/ws/article-abstract/7/1/131/26273/Historical-development-of-the-Augustan-Aqueduct-in?redirectedFrom=fulltext">"Historical development of the Augustan Aqueduct in Southern Italy: twenty centuries of works from Serino to Naples"</a>. Water Supply. <b>7</b> (1). IWA Publishing: 131–138. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2166%2Fws.2007.015">10.2166/ws.2007.015</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1606-9749">1606-9749</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-03-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Historical+development+of+the+Augustan+Aqueduct+in+Southern+Italy%3A+twenty+centuries+of+works+from+Serino+to+Naples.&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=131-138&rft.date=2007&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2166%2Fws.2007.015&rft.issn=1606-9749&rft.aulast=De+Feo&rft.aufirst=Giovanni&rft.au=Napoli%2C+R.M.A&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fiwaponline.com%2Fws%2Farticle-abstract%2F7%2F1%2F131%2F26273%2FHistorical-development-of-the-Augustan-Aqueduct-in%3FredirectedFrom%3Dfulltext&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAqua+Augusta+%28Naples%29" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Cite journal requires <code class="cs1-code">|journal=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#missing_periodical" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLibertiniMiccioLeoneDe_Feo2014" class="citation conference cs1">Libertini, Giacinto; Miccio, Bruno; Leone, Nino; De Feo, Giovanni (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/23532022"><i>The Augustan aqueduct in the context of road system and urbanization of the served territory in Southern Italy</i></a>. IWA Regional Symposium on Water, Wastewater, and Environment : Traditions and Culture, 22–24 March 2014. Patras, Greece<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">Nov 26,</span> 2022</span> – via www.academia.edu.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=conference&rft.btitle=The+Augustan+aqueduct+in+the+context+of+road+system+and+urbanization+of+the+served+territory+in+Southern+Italy&rft.place=Patras%2C+Greece&rft.date=2014&rft.aulast=Libertini&rft.aufirst=Giacinto&rft.au=Miccio%2C+Bruno&rft.au=Leone%2C+Nino&rft.au=De+Feo%2C+Giovanni&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F23532022&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAqua+Augusta+%28Naples%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOhlig2002" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Ohlig, Christoph P. J. (2002). <i>De Aquis Pompeiorum: Das Castellum Aquae in Pompeji: Herkunft, Zuleitung und Verteilung des Wassers</i> (in German). Books On Demand GmbH. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-8311-2614-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-8311-2614-9"><bdi>978-3-8311-2614-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=De+Aquis+Pompeiorum%3A+Das+Castellum+Aquae+in+Pompeji%3A+Herkunft%2C+Zuleitung+und+Verteilung+des+Wassers&rft.pub=Books+On+Demand+GmbH&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-3-8311-2614-9&rft.aulast=Ohlig&rft.aufirst=Christoph+P.+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAqua+Augusta+%28Naples%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.romanaqueducts.info/aquasite/">"aqua water roman aqueduct aqueduc wasserleitung aquaduct aqueducts ancient facts history spain france italy rome pompeii"</a>. <i>www.romanaqueducts.info</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">Nov 26,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.romanaqueducts.info&rft.atitle=aqua+water+roman+aqueduct+aqueduc+wasserleitung+aquaduct+aqueducts+ancient+facts+history+spain+france+italy+rome+pompeii&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.romanaqueducts.info%2Faquasite%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAqua+Augusta+%28Naples%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pietro Antonio Lettieri 1560, Felice Abate 1840, Abate 1842, Abate 1862, Abate 1864.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFerrariLamagna" class="citation web cs1">Ferrari, Graziano W.; Lamagna, Raffaella. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/en/31826311/THE_AUGUSTEAN_AQUEDUCT_IN_THE_PHLEGRAEAN_FIELDS_NAPLES_SOUTHERN_ITALY">"The Augustean Aqueduct in the Phlegraean fields (Naples, Southern Italy)"</a>. Speleological Research and Activities in Artificial Underground, 16th ICS Proceedings, Brno, 2013. p. 203.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Augustean+Aqueduct+in+the+Phlegraean+fields+%28Naples%2C+Southern+Italy%29&rft.series=Speleological+Research+and+Activities+in+Artificial+Underground%2C+16th+ICS+Proceedings%2C+Brno%2C+2013&rft.pages=203&rft.aulast=Ferrari&rft.aufirst=Graziano+W.&rft.au=Lamagna%2C+Raffaella&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2Fen%2F31826311%2FTHE_AUGUSTEAN_AQUEDUCT_IN_THE_PHLEGRAEAN_FIELDS_NAPLES_SOUTHERN_ITALY&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAqua+Augusta+%28Naples%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Van Dam, Harm-Jan (1984). <a href="//archive.org/details/ppapiniusstatius0002vand/page/n5/mode/2up" class="extiw" title="iarchive:ppapiniusstatius0002vand/page/n5/mode/2up">"P. Papinius Statius, Silvae Book II: A Commentary"</a>. Leiden: E.J. Brill. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-071100" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-071100">978-90-04-071100</a> (via archive.org)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_9-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKeenan-Jones2010" class="citation journal cs1">Keenan-Jones, Duncan (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/71324230">"The Aqua Augusta and control of water resources in the Bay of Naples"</a>. <i>Australasian Society for Classical Studies Conference 31</i>. Perth, Australia.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Australasian+Society+for+Classical+Studies+Conference+31&rft.atitle=The+Aqua+Augusta+and+control+of+water+resources+in+the+Bay+of+Naples&rft.date=2010&rft.aulast=Keenan-Jones&rft.aufirst=Duncan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F71324230&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAqua+Augusta+%28Naples%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFerrariLamagna2013" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Ferrari, Graziano; Lamagna, Raffaella (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/26016867">"Il bimillenario dell'acquedotto Augusteo di Serino"</a>. <i>Atti del XXI Congresso Nazionale di Speleologia – Sessione Attività di Esplorazione e Ricerca, 2–5 June 2011</i> (in Italian). Trieste, Italy: 387–398.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Atti+del+XXI+Congresso+Nazionale+di+Speleologia+%E2%80%93+Sessione+Attivit%C3%A0+di+Esplorazione+e+Ricerca%2C+2%E2%80%935+June+2011&rft.atitle=Il+bimillenario+dell%27acquedotto+Augusteo+di+Serino&rft.pages=387-398&rft.date=2013&rft.aulast=Ferrari&rft.aufirst=Graziano&rft.au=Lamagna%2C+Raffaella&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F26016867&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAqua+Augusta+%28Naples%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The course of the Aqua Augusta from its source to Naples is shown in a longitudinal section <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.romanaqueducts.info/aquasite/serino/foto20.html">Acquedotto di Napoli - Acquedotto Claudio : Profile longitudinale dalla sua origine in Serino a Napoli</a> (cfr. Italo Sgobbo)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hodge,_A.T-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hodge,_A.T_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hodge, A.Trevor (2002). "<i>Roman Aqueducts & Water Supply",</i> 2nd ed. Bristol Classical Press. ISBN 978-0-7156-3171-3</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPasschiervan_OpstalSchram" class="citation web cs1">Passchier, Cees W.; van Opstal, Driek; Schram, Wilke D. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.romanaqueducts.info/aquasite/serino/">"Serino (Italy)"</a>. <i>www.romanaqueducts.info</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-05-30</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.romanaqueducts.info&rft.atitle=Serino+%28Italy%29&rft.aulast=Passchier&rft.aufirst=Cees+W.&rft.au=van+Opstal%2C+Driek&rft.au=Schram%2C+Wilke+D.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.romanaqueducts.info%2Faquasite%2Fserino%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAqua+Augusta+%28Naples%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPasschiervan_OpstalSchram2016" class="citation web cs1">Passchier, Cees W.; van Opstal, Driek; Schram, Wilke D. (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.romanaqueducts.info/aquasite/index.html">"Roman Aqueducts: index : select "Aqua Augusta - Serino (Italy)"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>www.romanaqueducts.info</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-05-30</span></span>. <q>The area was also of military importance because of its excellent natural harbours. During the war with Pompeius, Augustus ordered the construction of a harbour complex just west of Puteoli, named Portus Iulius, where an old Greek dam was restored to create an artificial lake, Lacus Lucrinus, which was then connected by a channel to another lake, Lacus Avernus, which was traditionally one of the entrances to the underworld. Later, this harbour was seen as less ideal, because of silting problems, and a new complex was built further west, at Misenum, where two lakes were connected to become the basis of the western Mediterranean war fleet. This major naval base needed large quantities of fresh water for the base itself and for the ships, which must have been one of the reasons why Augustus had a new aqueduct built.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.romanaqueducts.info&rft.atitle=Roman+Aqueducts%3A+index+%3A+select+%22Aqua+Augusta+-+Serino+%28Italy%29%22&rft.date=2016&rft.aulast=Passchier&rft.aufirst=Cees+W.&rft.au=van+Opstal%2C+Driek&rft.au=Schram%2C+Wilke+D.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.romanaqueducts.info%2Faquasite%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAqua+Augusta+%28Naples%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://db.edcs.eu/epigr/epi_einzel.php?s_sprache=it&p_belegstelle=AE+1939,+00151&r_sortierung=Belegstelle">"Epigraphik Datenbank"</a>. <i>Db.edcs.eu</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 September</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Db.edcs.eu&rft.atitle=Epigraphik+Datenbank&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdb.edcs.eu%2Fepigr%2Fepi_einzel.php%3Fs_sprache%3Dit%26p_belegstelle%3DAE%2B1939%2C%2B00151%26r_sortierung%3DBelegstelle&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAqua+Augusta+%28Naples%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.romanaqueducts.info/aquasite/augustusinscriptieserino.html">"Augustus' inscription of the Serino aqueduct"</a>. <i>www.romanaqueducts.info</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-06-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.romanaqueducts.info&rft.atitle=Augustus%27+inscription+of+the+Serino+aqueduct&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.romanaqueducts.info%2Faquasite%2Faugustusinscriptieserino.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAqua+Augusta+%28Naples%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Duncan Keenan-Jones (2010). "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/71324230">The Aqua Augusta and control of water resources in the Bay of Naples</a>", pp 12-13</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Potenza, Uberto. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idrotecnicaitaliana.it/lacquaonline/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/Potenza-Serino.pdf"><i>L’acqua di Serino e l’acquedotto Augusteo</i></a>" (www.idrotecnicaitaliana.it) (in Italian), p.4. Translated: "This long aqueduct also fed many towns in Campania Felix as recorded in the plaque found in 1932 during the construction of the connection of the highest springs and preserved in the outlet chamber of the springs themselves."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Del Prete, Sossio & Varriale, Rosario (2007). <i>Opera Ipogea N° 1 / 2007</i>, p. 76; translation : "The Fontis Augustei Aquaeductus, mistakenly referred to by many as "Claudius," originated from the Acquaro group of springs located in the valley of the Sabato River in Serino of Avellino. It was precisely at these springs that an inscription was found attributing the commissioning of the aqueduct to Emperor Augustus (Sgobbo, 1938; Pavesio, 1985; Pescatori Colucci, 1996)."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPasschierSchramvan_Opstal2016" class="citation web cs1">Passchier, Cees W.; Schram, Wilke D.; van Opstal, Driek (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.romanaqueducts.info/aquasite/index.html">"Roman Aqueducts: index : select "Aqua Augusta - Serino (Italy)"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>www.romanaqueducts.info</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-06-01</span></span>. <q>Dating: Until 1938 the construction of the Aqua Augusta was credited to Claudius. Based on the inscription above from the 4th c. CE it is thought that Augustus was the builder; perhaps Claudius was responsible for the extension to Misenum.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.romanaqueducts.info&rft.atitle=Roman+Aqueducts%3A+index+%3A+select+%22Aqua+Augusta+-+Serino+%28Italy%29%22&rft.date=2016&rft.aulast=Passchier&rft.aufirst=Cees+W.&rft.au=Schram%2C+Wilke+D.&rft.au=van+Opstal%2C+Driek&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.romanaqueducts.info%2Faquasite%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAqua+Augusta+%28Naples%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDe_FeoNapoli2007" class="citation journal cs1">De Feo, G.; Napoli, R. M. A. (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/1781088">"Historical development of the Augustan Aqueduct in Southern Italy: twenty centuries of works from Serino to Naples"</a>. <i>Water Supply</i>. <b>7</b> (1): 132–133. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1606-9749">1606-9749</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water+Supply&rft.atitle=Historical+development+of+the+Augustan+Aqueduct+in+Southern+Italy%3A+twenty+centuries+of+works+from+Serino+to+Naples&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=132-133&rft.date=2007&rft.issn=1606-9749&rft.aulast=De+Feo&rft.aufirst=G.&rft.au=Napoli%2C+R.+M.+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F1781088&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAqua+Augusta+%28Naples%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLorenz2011" class="citation web cs1">Lorenz, Wayne (June 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220411224258/http://wrightpaleo.com/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/Pompeii-June.pdf">"Pompeii (and Rome) Water Supply Systems"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>wrightpaleo.com</i>. Wright Paleohydrological Institute. p. 20. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wrightpaleo.com/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/Pompeii-June.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on April 11, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">Nov 26,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=wrightpaleo.com&rft.atitle=Pompeii+%28and+Rome%29+Water+Supply+Systems&rft.pages=20&rft.date=2011-06&rft.aulast=Lorenz&rft.aufirst=Wayne&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwrightpaleo.com%2Fwordpress%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2011%2F11%2FPompeii-June.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAqua+Augusta+%28Naples%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLamagnaFerrari2013" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Lamagna, Raffaella; Ferrari, Graziano (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/en/31826311/THE_AUGUSTEAN_AQUEDUCT_IN_THE_PHLEGRAEAN_FIELDS_NAPLES_SOUTHERN_ITALY"><i>The Augustean Aqueduct in the Phlegraean Fields (Naples, Southern Italy)</i></a>. 16th International Congress Of Speleology (ICS). Vol. 2: Proceedings. Czech Republic, Brno. pp. 200–202 – via www.academia.edu.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Augustean+Aqueduct+in+the+Phlegraean+Fields+%28Naples%2C+Southern+Italy%29&rft.place=Czech+Republic%2C+Brno&rft.series=16th+International+Congress+Of+Speleology+%28ICS%29&rft.pages=200-202&rft.date=2013&rft.aulast=Lamagna&rft.aufirst=Raffaella&rft.au=Ferrari%2C+Graziano&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2Fen%2F31826311%2FTHE_AUGUSTEAN_AQUEDUCT_IN_THE_PHLEGRAEAN_FIELDS_NAPLES_SOUTHERN_ITALY&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAqua+Augusta+%28Naples%29" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:3_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLamagnaFerrari2013" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Lamagna, Raffaella; Ferrari, Graziano (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/en/31826311/THE_AUGUSTEAN_AQUEDUCT_IN_THE_PHLEGRAEAN_FIELDS_NAPLES_SOUTHERN_ITALY">"The Augustean Aqueduct in the Phlegraean Fields (Naples, Southern Italy)"</a>. <i>16th International Congress of Speleology (ICS). Czech Republic, Brno</i>. 2: Proceedings: 203–204 – via www.academia.edu.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=16th+International+Congress+of+Speleology+%28ICS%29.+Czech+Republic%2C+Brno&rft.atitle=The+Augustean+Aqueduct+in+the+Phlegraean+Fields+%28Naples%2C+Southern+Italy%29&rft.volume=2%3A+Proceedings&rft.pages=203-204&rft.date=2013&rft.aulast=Lamagna&rft.aufirst=Raffaella&rft.au=Ferrari%2C+Graziano&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2Fen%2F31826311%2FTHE_AUGUSTEAN_AQUEDUCT_IN_THE_PHLEGRAEAN_FIELDS_NAPLES_SOUTHERN_ITALY&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAqua+Augusta+%28Naples%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDe_FeoDe_GisiMalvanoDe_Biase2010" class="citation journal cs1">De Feo, G.; De Gisi, S.; Malvano, C.; De Biase, O. (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/234025426">"The Greatest Water Reservoirs in the Ancient Roman World and the "Piscina Mirabilis" in Misenum"</a>. <i>Water Supply</i>. <b>10</b> (3). IWA Publishing: 350–358. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2166%2Fws.2010.106">10.2166/ws.2010.106</a> – via researchgate.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water+Supply&rft.atitle=The+Greatest+Water+Reservoirs+in+the+Ancient+Roman+World+and+the+%22Piscina+Mirabilis%22+in+Misenum&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=350-358&rft.date=2010&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2166%2Fws.2010.106&rft.aulast=De+Feo&rft.aufirst=G.&rft.au=De+Gisi%2C+S.&rft.au=Malvano%2C+C.&rft.au=De+Biase%2C+O.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F234025426&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAqua+Augusta+%28Naples%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFColussiLeggieri2018" class="citation book cs1">Colussi, Francesco; Leggieri, Carlo (2018). <i>"L'acquedotto augusteo del Serino a nord di Neapolis nell'area compresa tra la Sanità e i Ponti Rossi"</i>. Naples: 3rd International Conference on History of Engineering.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%22L%27acquedotto+augusteo+del+Serino+a+nord+di+Neapolis+nell%27area+compresa+tra+la+Sanit%C3%A0+e+i+Ponti+Rossi%22&rft.pub=Naples%3A+3rd+International+Conference+on+History+of+Engineering.&rft.date=2018&rft.aulast=Colussi&rft.aufirst=Francesco&rft.au=Leggieri%2C+Carlo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAqua+Augusta+%28Naples%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrancesco_ColussiCarlo_Leggieri2016" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Francesco Colussi; Carlo Leggieri (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.verginisanita.it/aquaugusta/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/AISI-2016-Colussi-Leggieri.pdf">"L'acquedotto augusteo del Serino nell'area Vergini-Sanità a nord di Neapolis: identificazione e studio di due ponti-canale"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Proceedings of 2nd International Conference of History of Engineering</i> (in Italian).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+2nd+International+Conference+of+History+of+Engineering&rft.atitle=L%27acquedotto+augusteo+del+Serino+nell%27area+Vergini-Sanit%C3%A0+a+nord+di+Neapolis%3A+identificazione+e+studio+di+due+ponti-canale&rft.date=2016&rft.au=Francesco+Colussi&rft.au=Carlo+Leggieri&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.verginisanita.it%2Faquaugusta%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2020%2F03%2FAISI-2016-Colussi-Leggieri.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAqua+Augusta+%28Naples%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPotenza" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Potenza, Dr. Ing. Uberto, former manager of the Aqueduct of Naples (A.M.A.N., then ARIN, today ABC). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ulixes.it/acquedotto-romano-di-serino.html">"Acquedotto Romano di Serino"</a> [The Roman aqueducts of Serino]. <i>www.ulixes.it</i> (in Italian)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-04-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.ulixes.it&rft.atitle=Acquedotto+Romano+di+Serino&rft.aulast=Potenza&rft.aufirst=Dr.+Ing.+Uberto%2C+former+manager+of+the+Aqueduct+of+Naples+%28A.M.A.N.%2C+then+ARIN%2C+today+ABC%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ulixes.it%2Facquedotto-romano-di-serino.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAqua+Augusta+%28Naples%29" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aqua_Augusta_(Naples)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Aqua_Augusta" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Aqua Augusta">Aqua Augusta</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.romanaqueducts.info/">Roman aqueducts</a> by Wilke D. 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Paestum_BW_2013-05-17_15-01-57.jpg/80px-Paestum_BW_2013-05-17_15-01-57.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="48" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Paestum_BW_2013-05-17_15-01-57.jpg/120px-Paestum_BW_2013-05-17_15-01-57.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Paestum_BW_2013-05-17_15-01-57.jpg/160px-Paestum_BW_2013-05-17_15-01-57.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3388" data-file-height="2016" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Benevento" title="Province of Benevento">Province of Benevento</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Benevento" title="Benevento">Benevento</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arch_of_Trajan_(Benevento)" title="Arch of Trajan (Benevento)">Arch of Trajan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Theatre,_Benevento" title="Roman Theatre, Benevento">Roman Theatre</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caudium" title="Caudium">Caudium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ligures_Baebiani" title="Ligures Baebiani">Ligures Baebiani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saticula" title="Saticula">Saticula</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Caserta" title="Province of Caserta">Province of Caserta</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allifae" title="Allifae">Allifae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ausona_(ancient_city)" title="Ausona (ancient city)">Ausona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calatia" title="Calatia">Calatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cales" title="Cales">Cales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Maria_Capua_Vetere" title="Santa Maria Capua Vetere">Santa Maria Capua Vetere</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arch_of_Hadrian_(Capua)" title="Arch of Hadrian (Capua)">Arch of Hadrian (Capua)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amphitheatre_of_Capua" title="Amphitheatre of Capua">Amphitheatre of Capua</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casilinum" title="Casilinum">Casilinum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sant%27Angelo_in_Formis" title="Sant'Angelo in Formis">Sant'Angelo in Formis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinuessa" title="Sinuessa">Sinuessa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trebula_Balliensis" title="Trebula Balliensis">Trebula Balliensis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vescia" title="Vescia">Vescia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Naples" title="Province of Naples">Province of Naples</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atella" title="Atella">Atella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baiae" title="Baiae">Baiae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cumae" title="Cumae">Cumae</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grotta_di_Cocceio" title="Grotta di Cocceio">Grotta di Cocceio</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herculaneum" title="Herculaneum">Herculaneum</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Villa_of_the_Papyri" title="Villa of the Papyri">Villa of the Papyri</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liternum" title="Liternum">Liternum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miseno" title="Miseno">Miseno</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Piscina_Mirabilis" title="Piscina Mirabilis">Piscina Mirabilis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naples" title="Naples">Naples</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Aqua Augusta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bourbon_Tunnel" title="Bourbon Tunnel">Bourbon Tunnel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catacombs_of_San_Gaudioso" class="mw-redirect" title="Catacombs of San Gaudioso">Catacombs of San Gaudioso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catacombs_of_San_Gennaro" title="Catacombs of San Gennaro">Catacombs of San Gennaro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crypta_Neapolitana" title="Crypta Neapolitana">Crypta Neapolitana</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Virgil%27s_tomb" title="Virgil's tomb">Virgil's tomb</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macellum_of_Naples" title="Macellum of Naples">Macellum of Naples</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oplontis" title="Oplontis">Oplontis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Villa_Poppaea" title="Villa Poppaea">Villa Poppaea</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palazzo_a_Mare" title="Palazzo a Mare">Palazzo a Mare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pompeii" title="Pompeii">Pompeii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pozzuoli" title="Pozzuoli">Pozzuoli</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flavian_Amphitheater_(Pozzuoli)" title="Flavian Amphitheater (Pozzuoli)">Flavian Amphitheater (Pozzuoli)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucrinus_Lacus" title="Lucrinus Lacus">Lucrinus Lacus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Avernus" title="Lake Avernus">Lake Avernus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macellum_of_Pozzuoli" title="Macellum of Pozzuoli">Macellum of Pozzuoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portus_Julius" title="Portus Julius">Portus Julius</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stabiae" title="Stabiae">Stabiae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suessula" title="Suessula">Suessula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castello_Barbarossa" title="Castello Barbarossa">Castello Barbarossa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villa_Jovis" title="Villa Jovis">Villa Jovis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villa_Boscoreale" title="Villa Boscoreale">Villa Boscoreale</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Salerno" title="Province of Salerno">Province of Salerno</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monte_Pruno" title="Monte Pruno">Monte Pruno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paestum" title="Paestum">Paestum</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Heraion_at_the_mouth_of_the_Sele" class="mw-redirect" title="Heraion at the mouth of the Sele">Heraion at the mouth of the Sele</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Athena_(Paestum)" title="Temple of Athena (Paestum)">Temple of Athena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Temple_of_Hera_(Paestum)" title="Second Temple of Hera (Paestum)">Second Temple of Hera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_the_Diver" title="Tomb of the Diver">Tomb of the Diver</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pertosa_Caves" title="Pertosa Caves">Pertosa Caves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Velia" title="Velia">Velia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villa_Romana,_Minori" title="Villa Romana, Minori">Villa Romana of Minori</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Pompeii" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Archaeological_site_of_Pompeii" title="Template:Archaeological site of Pompeii"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Archaeological_site_of_Pompeii" title="Template talk:Archaeological site of Pompeii"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Archaeological_site_of_Pompeii" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Archaeological site of Pompeii"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Pompeii" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Pompeii" title="Pompeii">Pompeii</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pompei" title="Pompei">Pompei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Vesuvius" title="Mount Vesuvius">Mount Vesuvius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_62_Pompeii_earthquake" title="AD 62 Pompeii earthquake">AD 62 Pompeii earthquake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eruption_of_Mount_Vesuvius_in_79_AD" title="Eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 AD">Eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 AD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_influences_on_Pompeii" title="Foreign influences on Pompeii">Foreign influences on Pompeii</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Buildings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Villas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Villa_of_Diomedes" title="Villa of Diomedes">Villa of Diomedes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villa_of_the_Mysteries" title="Villa of the Mysteries">Villa of the Mysteries</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Domus" title="Domus">Domus</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/House_of_the_Centenary" title="House of the Centenary">House of the Centenary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_the_Faun" title="House of the Faun">House of the Faun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Julia_Felix" title="House of Julia Felix">House of Julia Felix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Garden_of_the_Fugitives" class="mw-redirect" title="The Garden of the Fugitives">The Garden of the Fugitives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_the_Greek_Epigrams" title="House of the Greek Epigrams">House of the Greek Epigrams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Loreius_Tiburtinus" title="House of Loreius Tiburtinus">House of Loreius Tiburtinus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Marcus_Lucretius_Fronto" title="House of Marcus Lucretius Fronto">House of Marcus Lucretius Fronto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casa_del_Menandro" class="mw-redirect" title="Casa del Menandro">House of Menander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Octavius_Quartio" class="mw-redirect" title="House of Octavius Quartio">House of Octavius Quartio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_the_Prince_of_Naples" title="House of the Prince of Naples">House of the Prince of Naples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Sallust" title="House of Sallust">House of Sallust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_the_Silver_Wedding" title="House of the Silver Wedding">House of the Silver Wedding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_the_Small_Fountain" title="House of the Small Fountain">House of the Small Fountain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_the_Surgeon" title="House of the Surgeon">House of the Surgeon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_the_Tragic_Poet" title="House of the Tragic Poet">House of the Tragic Poet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_the_Vettii" title="House of the Vettii">House of the Vettii</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Public</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Aqua Augusta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macellum_of_Pompeii" title="Macellum of Pompeii">Macellum of Pompeii</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Recreational</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amphitheatre_of_Pompeii" title="Amphitheatre of Pompeii">Amphitheatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lupanar" title="Lupanar">Lupanar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suburban_Baths_(Pompeii)" title="Suburban Baths (Pompeii)">Suburban Baths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stabian_Baths" title="Stabian Baths">Stabian Baths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatre_Area_of_Pompeii" title="Theatre Area of Pompeii">Theatre Area</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Temples</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Apollo_(Pompeii)" title="Temple of Apollo (Pompeii)">Temple of Apollo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Isis_(Pompeii)" title="Temple of Isis (Pompeii)">Temple of Isis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Jupiter_(Pompeii)" title="Temple of Jupiter (Pompeii)">Temple of Jupiter</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Art</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Achilles_and_Briseis" title="Achilles and Briseis">Achilles and Briseis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Mosaic" title="Alexander Mosaic">Alexander Mosaic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plato%27s_Academy_mosaic" title="Plato's Academy mosaic">Plato's Academy mosaic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portrait_of_Terentius_Neo" title="Portrait of Terentius Neo">Portrait of Terentius Neo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erotic_art_in_Pompeii_and_Herculaneum" title="Erotic art in Pompeii and Herculaneum">Erotic art in Pompeii and Herculaneum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pompeian_Styles" title="Pompeian Styles">Pompeian Styles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_issues_of_Pompeii_and_Herculaneum" title="Conservation issues of Pompeii and Herculaneum">Conservation issues of Pompeii and Herculaneum</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_Pompeian_frescoes" title="Conservation and restoration of Pompeian frescoes">Pompeian frescoes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pompeii_in_popular_culture" title="Pompeii in popular culture">Pompeii in popular culture</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other sites destroyed<br /> in the 79 eruption</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Herculaneum" title="Herculaneum">Herculaneum</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Villa_of_the_Papyri" title="Villa of the Papyri">Villa of the Papyri</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oplontis" title="Oplontis">Oplontis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Villa_Poppaea" title="Villa Poppaea">Villa Poppaea</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stabiae" title="Stabiae">Stabiae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villa_Boscoreale" title="Villa Boscoreale">Villa Boscoreale</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Archaeological</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Museums</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Naples_National_Archaeological_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="Naples National Archaeological Museum">Naples National Archaeological Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secret_Museum,_Naples" title="Secret Museum, Naples">Secret Museum, Naples</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artefacts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CIL_4.5296" title="CIL 4.5296">CIL 4.5296</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pompeii_Lakshmi" title="Pompeii Lakshmi">Pompeii Lakshmi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sator_Square" title="Sator Square">Sator Square</a> (CIL IV 8123, 8623)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Roman_aqueducts" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Roman_aqueducts" title="Template:Roman aqueducts"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Roman_aqueducts" title="Template talk:Roman aqueducts"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Roman_aqueducts" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Roman aqueducts"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Roman_aqueducts" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Roman_aqueduct" title="Roman aqueduct">Roman aqueducts</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Croatia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aqueduct_of_Diocletian" title="Aqueduct of Diocletian">Aqueduct of Diocletian</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="10" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:AcueductoSegovia_edit1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Aqueduct of Segovia in Spain"><img alt="Aqueduct of Segovia in Spain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/AcueductoSegovia_edit1.jpg/120px-AcueductoSegovia_edit1.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="91" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/AcueductoSegovia_edit1.jpg/180px-AcueductoSegovia_edit1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/AcueductoSegovia_edit1.jpg/240px-AcueductoSegovia_edit1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1746" data-file-height="1324" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">France</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aqueduct_of_the_Gier" title="Aqueduct of the Gier">Aqueduct of the Gier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aqueduct_of_Luynes" title="Aqueduct of Luynes">Aqueduct of Luynes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbegal_aqueduct_and_mills" title="Barbegal aqueduct and mills">Barbegal aqueduct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pont_du_Gard" title="Pont du Gard">Pont du Gard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Germany</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eifel_Aqueduct" title="Eifel Aqueduct">Eifel Aqueduct</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Italy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aqua_Alexandrina" title="Aqua Alexandrina">Aqua Alexandrina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aqua_Alsietina" title="Aqua Alsietina">Aqua Alsietina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aqua_Anio_Novus" title="Aqua Anio Novus">Aqua Anio Novus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aqua_Anio_Vetus" title="Aqua Anio Vetus">Aqua Anio Vetus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aqua_Appia" title="Aqua Appia">Aqua Appia</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Aqua Augusta (Naples)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aqua_Augusta_(Rome)" title="Aqua Augusta (Rome)">Aqua Augusta (Rome)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aqua_Crabra" title="Aqua Crabra">Aqua Crabra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aqua_Claudia" title="Aqua Claudia">Aqua Claudia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aqua_Julia" title="Aqua Julia">Aqua Julia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aqua_Marcia" title="Aqua Marcia">Aqua Marcia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aqua_Tepula" title="Aqua Tepula">Aqua Tepula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aqua_Traiana" title="Aqua Traiana">Aqua Traiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aqua_Virgo" title="Aqua Virgo">Aqua Virgo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caldaccoli_Aqueduct" title="Caldaccoli Aqueduct">Caldaccoli Aqueduct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pont_d%27A%C3%ABl" title="Pont d'Aël">Pont d'Aël</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Jordan</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gadara_Aqueduct" title="Gadara Aqueduct">Gadara Aqueduct</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Luxembourg</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Raschp%C3%ABtzer_Qanat" title="Raschpëtzer Qanat">Raschpëtzer Qanat</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Spain</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aqueduct_of_Segovia" title="Aqueduct of Segovia">Aqueduct of Segovia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%27Argamassa_Roman_Fish_Farm" title="S'Argamassa Roman Fish Farm">Aqüeducte de s'Argamassa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acueducto_de_los_Milagros" title="Acueducto de los Milagros">Acueducto de los Milagros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ca%C3%B1os_de_Carmona" title="Caños de Carmona">Caños de Carmona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Les_Ferreres_Aqueduct" title="Les Ferreres Aqueduct">Les Ferreres Aqueduct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_aqueducts_of_Toledo" title="Roman aqueducts of Toledo">Roman aqueducts of Toledo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_L%C3%A1zaro_Roman_aqueduct" title="San Lázaro Roman aqueduct">San Lázaro Roman aqueduct</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tunisia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zaghouan_Aqueduct" title="Zaghouan Aqueduct">Zaghouan Aqueduct</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Turkey</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aqueduct_of_Valens" title="Aqueduct of Valens">Aqueduct of Valens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ball%C4%B1germe" title="Ballıgerme">Ballıgerme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamas_Aqueduct" title="Lamas Aqueduct">Lamas Aqueduct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olba_Aqueduct" title="Olba Aqueduct">Olba Aqueduct</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">United Kingdom</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dolaucothi_Gold_Mines" title="Dolaucothi Gold Mines">Dolaucothi Gold Mines</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_aqueducts_in_the_Roman_Empire" title="List of aqueducts in the Roman Empire">List of Roman aqueducts</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><span class="geo-inline-hidden noexcerpt"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span 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