CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"><script type="text/javascript">(window.NREUM||(NREUM={})).init={privacy:{cookies_enabled:true},ajax:{deny_list:[]},session_replay:{sampling_rate:10.0,mask_text_selector:"",block_selector:"",mask_input_options:{date:true,text_area:true,week:true,select:true,color:true,range:true,textarea:true,url:true,number:true,search:true,month:true,datetime_local:true,tel:true,text:true,time:true,email:true},enabled:true,error_sampling_rate:100.0}};(window.NREUM||(NREUM={})).loader_config={xpid:"UA8FUVBADwsIV1VaAgQD",licenseKey:"76fb58fb05",applicationID:"788348554"};;/*! For license information please see nr-loader-full-1.274.0.min.js.LICENSE.txt */ (()=>{var e,t,r={8122:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{a:()=>i});var n=r(944);function i(e,t){try{if(!e||"object"!=typeof e)return(0,n.R)(3);if(!t||"object"!=typeof t)return(0,n.R)(4);const r=Object.create(Object.getPrototypeOf(t),Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(t)),o=0===Object.keys(r).length?e:r;for(let a in o)if(void 0!==e[a])try{if(null===e[a]){r[a]=null;continue}Array.isArray(e[a])&&Array.isArray(t[a])?r[a]=Array.from(new Set([...e[a],...t[a]])):"object"==typeof e[a]&&"object"==typeof t[a]?r[a]=i(e[a],t[a]):r[a]=e[a]}catch(e){(0,n.R)(1,e)}return r}catch(e){(0,n.R)(2,e)}}},2555:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Vp:()=>c,fn:()=>s,x1:()=>d});var n=r(384),i=r(8122);const o={beacon:n.NT.beacon,errorBeacon:n.NT.errorBeacon,licenseKey:void 0,applicationID:void 0,sa:void 0,queueTime:void 0,applicationTime:void 0,ttGuid:void 0,user:void 0,account:void 0,product:void 0,extra:void 0,jsAttributes:{},userAttributes:void 0,atts:void 0,transactionName:void 0,tNamePlain:void 0},a={};function s(e){try{const t=c(e);return!!t.licenseKey&&!!t.errorBeacon&&!!t.applicationID}catch(e){return!1}}function c(e){if(!e)throw new Error("All info objects require an agent identifier!");if(!a[e])throw new Error("Info for ".concat(e," was never set"));return a[e]}function d(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All info objects require an agent identifier!");a[e]=(0,i.a)(t,o);const r=(0,n.nY)(e);r&&(r.info=a[e])}},9417:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{D0:()=>h,gD:()=>p,xN:()=>g});var n=r(993);const i=e=>{if(!e||"string"!=typeof e)return!1;try{document.createDocumentFragment().querySelector(e)}catch{return!1}return!0};var o=r(2614),a=r(944),s=r(384),c=r(8122);const d="[data-nr-mask]",u=()=>{const e={mask_selector:"*",block_selector:"[data-nr-block]",mask_input_options:{color:!1,date:!1,"datetime-local":!1,email:!1,month:!1,number:!1,range:!1,search:!1,tel:!1,text:!1,time:!1,url:!1,week:!1,textarea:!1,select:!1,password:!0}};return{ajax:{deny_list:void 0,block_internal:!0,enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0},distributed_tracing:{enabled:void 0,exclude_newrelic_header:void 0,cors_use_newrelic_header:void 0,cors_use_tracecontext_headers:void 0,allowed_origins:void 0},feature_flags:[],generic_events:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:30,autoStart:!0},harvest:{tooManyRequestsDelay:60},jserrors:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0},logging:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0,level:n.p_.INFO},metrics:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},obfuscate:void 0,page_action:{enabled:!0},page_view_event:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},page_view_timing:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:30,autoStart:!0},performance:{capture_marks:!1,capture_measures:!1},privacy:{cookies_enabled:!0},proxy:{assets:void 0,beacon:void 0},session:{expiresMs:o.wk,inactiveMs:o.BB},session_replay:{autoStart:!0,enabled:!1,harvestTimeSeconds:60,preload:!1,sampling_rate:10,error_sampling_rate:100,collect_fonts:!1,inline_images:!1,fix_stylesheets:!0,mask_all_inputs:!0,get mask_text_selector(){return e.mask_selector},set mask_text_selector(t){i(t)?e.mask_selector="".concat(t,",").concat(d):""===t||null===t?e.mask_selector=d:(0,a.R)(5,t)},get block_class(){return"nr-block"},get ignore_class(){return"nr-ignore"},get mask_text_class(){return"nr-mask"},get block_selector(){return e.block_selector},set block_selector(t){i(t)?e.block_selector+=",".concat(t):""!==t&&(0,a.R)(6,t)},get mask_input_options(){return e.mask_input_options},set mask_input_options(t){t&&"object"==typeof t?e.mask_input_options={...t,password:!0}:(0,a.R)(7,t)}},session_trace:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0},soft_navigations:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0},spa:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0},ssl:void 0,user_actions:{enabled:!0}}},l={},f="All configuration objects require an agent identifier!";function h(e){if(!e)throw new Error(f);if(!l[e])throw new Error("Configuration for ".concat(e," was never set"));return l[e]}function g(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error(f);l[e]=(0,c.a)(t,u());const r=(0,s.nY)(e);r&&(r.init=l[e])}function p(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error(f);var r=h(e);if(r){for(var n=t.split("."),i=0;i<n.length-1;i++)if("object"!=typeof(r=r[n[i]]))return;r=r[n[n.length-1]]}return r}},5603:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{a:()=>c,o:()=>s});var n=r(384),i=r(8122);const o={accountID:void 0,trustKey:void 0,agentID:void 0,licenseKey:void 0,applicationID:void 0,xpid:void 0},a={};function s(e){if(!e)throw new Error("All loader-config objects require an agent identifier!");if(!a[e])throw new Error("LoaderConfig for ".concat(e," was never set"));return a[e]}function c(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All loader-config objects require an agent identifier!");a[e]=(0,i.a)(t,o);const r=(0,n.nY)(e);r&&(r.loader_config=a[e])}},3371:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{V:()=>f,f:()=>l});var n=r(8122),i=r(384),o=r(6154),a=r(9324);let s=0;const c={buildEnv:a.F3,distMethod:a.Xs,version:a.xv,originTime:o.WN},d={customTransaction:void 0,disabled:!1,isolatedBacklog:!1,loaderType:void 0,maxBytes:3e4,onerror:void 0,ptid:void 0,releaseIds:{},appMetadata:{},session:void 0,denyList:void 0,timeKeeper:void 0,obfuscator:void 0},u={};function l(e){if(!e)throw new Error("All runtime objects require an agent identifier!");if(!u[e])throw new Error("Runtime for ".concat(e," was never set"));return u[e]}function f(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All runtime objects require an agent identifier!");u[e]={...(0,n.a)(t,d),...c},Object.hasOwnProperty.call(u[e],"harvestCount")||Object.defineProperty(u[e],"harvestCount",{get:()=>++s});const r=(0,i.nY)(e);r&&(r.runtime=u[e])}},9324:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{F3:()=>i,Xs:()=>o,Yq:()=>a,xv:()=>n});const n="1.274.0",i="PROD",o="CDN",a="^2.0.0-alpha.17"},6154:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{OF:()=>d,RI:()=>i,WN:()=>f,bv:()=>o,gm:()=>a,lR:()=>l,m:()=>c,mw:()=>s,sb:()=>u});var n=r(1863);const i="undefined"!=typeof window&&!!window.document,o="undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&("undefined"!=typeof self&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&self.navigator instanceof WorkerNavigator||"undefined"!=typeof globalThis&&globalThis instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&globalThis.navigator instanceof WorkerNavigator),a=i?window:"undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&("undefined"!=typeof self&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&self||"undefined"!=typeof globalThis&&globalThis instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&globalThis),s=Boolean("hidden"===a?.document?.visibilityState),c=""+a?.location,d=/iPad|iPhone|iPod/.test(a.navigator?.userAgent),u=d&&"undefined"==typeof SharedWorker,l=(()=>{const e=a.navigator?.userAgent?.match(/Firefox[/\s](\d+\.\d+)/);return Array.isArray(e)&&e.length>=2?+e[1]:0})(),f=Date.now()-(0,n.t)()},7295:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Xv:()=>a,gX:()=>i,iW:()=>o});var n=[];function i(e){if(!e||o(e))return!1;if(0===n.length)return!0;for(var t=0;t<n.length;t++){var r=n[t];if("*"===r.hostname)return!1;if(s(r.hostname,e.hostname)&&c(r.pathname,e.pathname))return!1}return!0}function o(e){return void 0===e.hostname}function a(e){if(n=[],e&&e.length)for(var t=0;t<e.length;t++){let r=e[t];if(!r)continue;0===r.indexOf("http://")?r=r.substring(7):0===r.indexOf("https://")&&(r=r.substring(8));const i=r.indexOf("/");let o,a;i>0?(o=r.substring(0,i),a=r.substring(i)):(o=r,a="");let[s]=o.split(":");n.push({hostname:s,pathname:a})}}function s(e,t){return!(e.length>t.length)&&t.indexOf(e)===t.length-e.length}function c(e,t){return 0===e.indexOf("/")&&(e=e.substring(1)),0===t.indexOf("/")&&(t=t.substring(1)),""===e||e===t}},1687:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Ak:()=>c,Ze:()=>l,x3:()=>d});var n=r(7836),i=r(3606),o=r(860),a=r(2646);const s={};function c(e,t){const r={staged:!1,priority:o.P3[t]||0};u(e),s[e].get(t)||s[e].set(t,r)}function d(e,t){e&&s[e]&&(s[e].get(t)&&s[e].delete(t),h(e,t,!1),s[e].size&&f(e))}function u(e){if(!e)throw new Error("agentIdentifier required");s[e]||(s[e]=new Map)}function l(e="",t="feature",r=!1){if(u(e),!e||!s[e].get(t)||r)return h(e,t);s[e].get(t).staged=!0,f(e)}function f(e){const t=Array.from(s[e]);t.every((([e,t])=>t.staged))&&(t.sort(((e,t)=>e[1].priority-t[1].priority)),t.forEach((([t])=>{s[e].delete(t),h(e,t)})))}function h(e,t,r=!0){const o=e?n.ee.get(e):n.ee,s=i.i.handlers;if(!o.aborted&&o.backlog&&s){if(r){const e=o.backlog[t],r=s[t];if(r){for(let t=0;e&&t<e.length;++t)g(e[t],r);Object.entries(r).forEach((([e,t])=>{Object.values(t||{}).forEach((t=>{t[0]?.on&&t[0]?.context()instanceof a.y&&t[0].on(e,t[1])}))}))}}o.isolatedBacklog||delete s[t],o.backlog[t]=null,o.emit("drain-"+t,[])}}function g(e,t){var r=e[1];Object.values(t[r]||{}).forEach((t=>{var r=e[0];if(t[0]===r){var n=t[1],i=e[3],o=e[2];n.apply(i,o)}}))}},7836:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{P:()=>c,ee:()=>d});var n=r(384),i=r(8990),o=r(3371),a=r(2646),s=r(5607);const c="nr@context:".concat(s.W),d=function e(t,r){var n={},s={},u={},l=!1;try{l=16===r.length&&(0,o.f)(r).isolatedBacklog}catch(e){}var f={on:g,addEventListener:g,removeEventListener:function(e,t){var r=n[e];if(!r)return;for(var i=0;i<r.length;i++)r[i]===t&&r.splice(i,1)},emit:function(e,r,n,i,o){!1!==o&&(o=!0);if(d.aborted&&!i)return;t&&o&&t.emit(e,r,n);for(var a=h(n),c=p(e),u=c.length,l=0;l<u;l++)c[l].apply(a,r);var g=v()[s[e]];g&&g.push([f,e,r,a]);return a},get:m,listeners:p,context:h,buffer:function(e,t){const r=v();if(t=t||"feature",f.aborted)return;Object.entries(e||{}).forEach((([e,n])=>{s[n]=t,t in r||(r[t]=[])}))},abort:function(){f._aborted=!0,Object.keys(f.backlog).forEach((e=>{delete f.backlog[e]}))},isBuffering:function(e){return!!v()[s[e]]},debugId:r,backlog:l?{}:t&&"object"==typeof t.backlog?t.backlog:{},isolatedBacklog:l};return Object.defineProperty(f,"aborted",{get:()=>{let e=f._aborted||!1;return e||(t&&(e=t.aborted),e)}}),f;function h(e){return e&&e instanceof a.y?e:e?(0,i.I)(e,c,(()=>new a.y(c))):new a.y(c)}function g(e,t){n[e]=p(e).concat(t)}function p(e){return n[e]||[]}function m(t){return u[t]=u[t]||e(f,t)}function v(){return f.backlog}}(void 0,"globalEE"),u=(0,n.Zm)();u.ee||(u.ee=d)},2646:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{y:()=>n});class n{constructor(e){this.contextId=e}}},9908:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{d:()=>n,p:()=>i});var n=r(7836).ee.get("handle");function i(e,t,r,i,o){o?(o.buffer([e],i),o.emit(e,t,r)):(n.buffer([e],i),n.emit(e,t,r))}},3606:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{i:()=>o});var n=r(9908);o.on=a;var i=o.handlers={};function o(e,t,r,o){a(o||n.d,i,e,t,r)}function a(e,t,r,i,o){o||(o="feature"),e||(e=n.d);var a=t[o]=t[o]||{};(a[r]=a[r]||[]).push([e,i])}},3878:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(e,t){return{capture:e,passive:!1,signal:t}}function i(e,t,r=!1,i){window.addEventListener(e,t,n(r,i))}function o(e,t,r=!1,i){document.addEventListener(e,t,n(r,i))}r.d(t,{DD:()=>o,jT:()=>n,sp:()=>i})},5607:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{W:()=>n});const n=(0,r(9566).bz)()},9566:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{LA:()=>s,ZF:()=>c,bz:()=>a,el:()=>d});var n=r(6154);const i="xxxxxxxx-xxxx-4xxx-yxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx";function o(e,t){return e?15&e[t]:16*Math.random()|0}function a(){const e=n.gm?.crypto||n.gm?.msCrypto;let t,r=0;return e&&e.getRandomValues&&(t=e.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(30))),i.split("").map((e=>"x"===e?o(t,r++).toString(16):"y"===e?(3&o()|8).toString(16):e)).join("")}function s(e){const t=n.gm?.crypto||n.gm?.msCrypto;let r,i=0;t&&t.getRandomValues&&(r=t.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(e)));const a=[];for(var s=0;s<e;s++)a.push(o(r,i++).toString(16));return a.join("")}function c(){return s(16)}function d(){return s(32)}},2614:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{BB:()=>a,H3:()=>n,g:()=>d,iL:()=>c,tS:()=>s,uh:()=>i,wk:()=>o});const n="NRBA",i="SESSION",o=144e5,a=18e5,s={STARTED:"session-started",PAUSE:"session-pause",RESET:"session-reset",RESUME:"session-resume",UPDATE:"session-update"},c={SAME_TAB:"same-tab",CROSS_TAB:"cross-tab"},d={OFF:0,FULL:1,ERROR:2}},1863:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(){return Math.floor(performance.now())}r.d(t,{t:()=>n})},7485:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{D:()=>i});var n=r(6154);function i(e){if(0===(e||"").indexOf("data:"))return{protocol:"data"};try{const t=new URL(e,location.href),r={port:t.port,hostname:t.hostname,pathname:t.pathname,search:t.search,protocol:t.protocol.slice(0,t.protocol.indexOf(":")),sameOrigin:t.protocol===n.gm?.location?.protocol&&t.host===n.gm?.location?.host};return r.port&&""!==r.port||("http:"===t.protocol&&(r.port="80"),"https:"===t.protocol&&(r.port="443")),r.pathname&&""!==r.pathname?r.pathname.startsWith("/")||(r.pathname="/".concat(r.pathname)):r.pathname="/",r}catch(e){return{}}}},944:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(e,t){"function"==typeof console.debug&&console.debug("New Relic Warning: https://github.com/newrelic/newrelic-browser-agent/blob/main/docs/warning-codes.md#".concat(e),t)}r.d(t,{R:()=>n})},5284:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{t:()=>c,B:()=>s});var n=r(7836),i=r(6154);const o="newrelic";const a=new Set,s={};function c(e,t){const r=n.ee.get(t);s[t]??={},e&&"object"==typeof e&&(a.has(t)||(r.emit("rumresp",[e]),s[t]=e,a.add(t),function(e={}){try{i.gm.dispatchEvent(new CustomEvent(o,{detail:e}))}catch(e){}}({loaded:!0})))}},8990:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{I:()=>i});var n=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty;function i(e,t,r){if(n.call(e,t))return e[t];var i=r();if(Object.defineProperty&&Object.keys)try{return Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:i,writable:!0,enumerable:!1}),i}catch(e){}return e[t]=i,i}},6389:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(e,t=500,r={}){const n=r?.leading||!1;let i;return(...r)=>{n&&void 0===i&&(e.apply(this,r),i=setTimeout((()=>{i=clearTimeout(i)}),t)),n||(clearTimeout(i),i=setTimeout((()=>{e.apply(this,r)}),t))}}function i(e){let t=!1;return(...r)=>{t||(t=!0,e.apply(this,r))}}r.d(t,{J:()=>i,s:()=>n})},3304:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{A:()=>o});var n=r(7836);const i=()=>{const e=new WeakSet;return(t,r)=>{if("object"==typeof r&&null!==r){if(e.has(r))return;e.add(r)}return r}};function o(e){try{return JSON.stringify(e,i())??""}catch(e){try{n.ee.emit("internal-error",[e])}catch(e){}return""}}},5289:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{GG:()=>o,sB:()=>a});var n=r(3878);function i(){return"undefined"==typeof document||"complete"===document.readyState}function o(e,t){if(i())return e();(0,n.sp)("load",e,t)}function a(e){if(i())return e();(0,n.DD)("DOMContentLoaded",e)}},384:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{NT:()=>o,US:()=>u,Zm:()=>a,bQ:()=>c,dV:()=>s,nY:()=>d,pV:()=>l});var n=r(6154),i=r(1863);const o={beacon:"bam.nr-data.net",errorBeacon:"bam.nr-data.net"};function a(){return n.gm.NREUM||(n.gm.NREUM={}),void 0===n.gm.newrelic&&(n.gm.newrelic=n.gm.NREUM),n.gm.NREUM}function s(){let e=a();return e.o||(e.o={ST:n.gm.setTimeout,SI:n.gm.setImmediate,CT:n.gm.clearTimeout,XHR:n.gm.XMLHttpRequest,REQ:n.gm.Request,EV:n.gm.Event,PR:n.gm.Promise,MO:n.gm.MutationObserver,FETCH:n.gm.fetch,WS:n.gm.WebSocket}),e}function c(e,t){let r=a();r.initializedAgents??={},t.initializedAt={ms:(0,i.t)(),date:new Date},r.initializedAgents[e]=t}function d(e){let t=a();return t.initializedAgents?.[e]}function u(e,t){a()[e]=t}function l(){return function(){let e=a();const t=e.info||{};e.info={beacon:o.beacon,errorBeacon:o.errorBeacon,...t}}(),function(){let e=a();const t=e.init||{};e.init={...t}}(),s(),function(){let e=a();const t=e.loader_config||{};e.loader_config={...t}}(),a()}},2843:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{u:()=>i});var n=r(3878);function i(e,t=!1,r,i){(0,n.DD)("visibilitychange",(function(){if(t)return void("hidden"===document.visibilityState&&e());e(document.visibilityState)}),r,i)}},8139:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{u:()=>f});var n=r(7836),i=r(3434),o=r(8990),a=r(6154);const s={},c=a.gm.XMLHttpRequest,d="addEventListener",u="removeEventListener",l="nr@wrapped:".concat(n.P);function f(e){var t=function(e){return(e||n.ee).get("events")}(e);if(s[t.debugId]++)return t;s[t.debugId]=1;var r=(0,i.YM)(t,!0);function f(e){r.inPlace(e,[d,u],"-",g)}function g(e,t){return e[1]}return"getPrototypeOf"in Object&&(a.RI&&h(document,f),h(a.gm,f),h(c.prototype,f)),t.on(d+"-start",(function(e,t){var n=e[1];if(null!==n&&("function"==typeof n||"object"==typeof n)){var i=(0,o.I)(n,l,(function(){var e={object:function(){if("function"!=typeof n.handleEvent)return;return n.handleEvent.apply(n,arguments)},function:n}[typeof n];return e?r(e,"fn-",null,e.name||"anonymous"):n}));this.wrapped=e[1]=i}})),t.on(u+"-start",(function(e){e[1]=this.wrapped||e[1]})),t}function h(e,t,...r){let n=e;for(;"object"==typeof n&&!Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(n,d);)n=Object.getPrototypeOf(n);n&&t(n,...r)}},3434:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{YM:()=>c});var n=r(7836),i=r(5607);const o="nr@original:".concat(i.W);var a=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty,s=!1;function c(e,t){return e||(e=n.ee),r.inPlace=function(e,t,n,i,o){n||(n="");const a="-"===n.charAt(0);for(let s=0;s<t.length;s++){const c=t[s],d=e[c];u(d)||(e[c]=r(d,a?c+n:n,i,c,o))}},r.flag=o,r;function r(t,r,n,s,c){return u(t)?t:(r||(r=""),nrWrapper[o]=t,function(e,t,r){if(Object.defineProperty&&Object.keys)try{return Object.keys(e).forEach((function(r){Object.defineProperty(t,r,{get:function(){return e[r]},set:function(t){return e[r]=t,t}})})),t}catch(e){d([e],r)}for(var n in e)a.call(e,n)&&(t[n]=e[n])}(t,nrWrapper,e),nrWrapper);function nrWrapper(){var o,a,u,l;try{a=this,o=[...arguments],u="function"==typeof n?n(o,a):n||{}}catch(t){d([t,"",[o,a,s],u],e)}i(r+"start",[o,a,s],u,c);try{return l=t.apply(a,o)}catch(e){throw i(r+"err",[o,a,e],u,c),e}finally{i(r+"end",[o,a,l],u,c)}}}function i(r,n,i,o){if(!s||t){var a=s;s=!0;try{e.emit(r,n,i,t,o)}catch(t){d([t,r,n,i],e)}s=a}}}function d(e,t){t||(t=n.ee);try{t.emit("internal-error",e)}catch(e){}}function u(e){return!(e&&"function"==typeof e&&e.apply&&!e[o])}},9300:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{T:()=>n});const n=r(860).K7.ajax},3333:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{TZ:()=>n,Zp:()=>i,mq:()=>s,nf:()=>a,qN:()=>o});const n=r(860).K7.genericEvents,i=["auxclick","click","copy","keydown","paste","scrollend"],o=["focus","blur"],a=4,s=1e3},6774:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{T:()=>n});const n=r(860).K7.jserrors},993:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{ET:()=>o,TZ:()=>a,p_:()=>i});var n=r(860);const i={ERROR:"ERROR",WARN:"WARN",INFO:"INFO",DEBUG:"DEBUG",TRACE:"TRACE"},o="log",a=n.K7.logging},3785:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{R:()=>c,b:()=>d});var n=r(9908),i=r(1863),o=r(860),a=r(3969),s=r(993);function c(e,t,r={},c=s.p_.INFO){(0,n.p)(a.xV,["API/logging/".concat(c.toLowerCase(),"/called")],void 0,o.K7.metrics,e),(0,n.p)(s.ET,[(0,i.t)(),t,r,c],void 0,o.K7.logging,e)}function d(e){return"string"==typeof e&&Object.values(s.p_).some((t=>t===e.toUpperCase().trim()))}},3969:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{TZ:()=>n,XG:()=>s,rs:()=>i,xV:()=>a,z_:()=>o});const n=r(860).K7.metrics,i="sm",o="cm",a="storeSupportabilityMetrics",s="storeEventMetrics"},6630:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{T:()=>n});const n=r(860).K7.pageViewEvent},782:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{T:()=>n});const n=r(860).K7.pageViewTiming},6344:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{BB:()=>u,G4:()=>o,Qb:()=>l,TZ:()=>i,Ug:()=>a,_s:()=>s,bc:()=>d,yP:()=>c});var n=r(2614);const i=r(860).K7.sessionReplay,o={RECORD:"recordReplay",PAUSE:"pauseReplay",REPLAY_RUNNING:"replayRunning",ERROR_DURING_REPLAY:"errorDuringReplay"},a=.12,s={DomContentLoaded:0,Load:1,FullSnapshot:2,IncrementalSnapshot:3,Meta:4,Custom:5},c={[n.g.ERROR]:15e3,[n.g.FULL]:3e5,[n.g.OFF]:0},d={RESET:{message:"Session was reset",sm:"Reset"},IMPORT:{message:"Recorder failed to import",sm:"Import"},TOO_MANY:{message:"429: Too Many Requests",sm:"Too-Many"},TOO_BIG:{message:"Payload was too large",sm:"Too-Big"},CROSS_TAB:{message:"Session Entity was set to OFF on another tab",sm:"Cross-Tab"},ENTITLEMENTS:{message:"Session Replay is not allowed and will not be started",sm:"Entitlement"}},u=5e3,l={API:"api"}},5270:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Aw:()=>c,CT:()=>d,SR:()=>s});var n=r(384),i=r(9417),o=r(7767),a=r(6154);function s(e){return!!(0,n.dV)().o.MO&&(0,o.V)(e)&&!0===(0,i.gD)(e,"session_trace.enabled")}function c(e){return!0===(0,i.gD)(e,"session_replay.preload")&&s(e)}function d(e,t){const r=t.correctAbsoluteTimestamp(e);return{originalTimestamp:e,correctedTimestamp:r,timestampDiff:e-r,originTime:a.WN,correctedOriginTime:t.correctedOriginTime,originTimeDiff:Math.floor(a.WN-t.correctedOriginTime)}}},3738:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{He:()=>i,Kp:()=>s,Lc:()=>d,Rz:()=>u,TZ:()=>n,bD:()=>o,d3:()=>a,jx:()=>l,uP:()=>c});const n=r(860).K7.sessionTrace,i="bstResource",o="resource",a="-start",s="-end",c="fn"+a,d="fn"+s,u="pushState",l=1e3},4234:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{W:()=>o});var n=r(7836),i=r(1687);class o{constructor(e,t){this.agentIdentifier=e,this.ee=n.ee.get(e),this.featureName=t,this.blocked=!1}deregisterDrain(){(0,i.x3)(this.agentIdentifier,this.featureName)}}},7767:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{V:()=>o});var n=r(9417),i=r(6154);const o=e=>i.RI&&!0===(0,n.gD)(e,"privacy.cookies_enabled")},425:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{j:()=>P});var n=r(860),i=r(2555),o=r(3371),a=r(9908),s=r(7836),c=r(1687),d=r(5289),u=r(6154),l=r(944),f=r(3969),h=r(384),g=r(6344);const p=["setErrorHandler","finished","addToTrace","addRelease","addPageAction","setCurrentRouteName","setPageViewName","setCustomAttribute","interaction","noticeError","setUserId","setApplicationVersion","start",g.G4.RECORD,g.G4.PAUSE,"log","wrapLogger"],m=["setErrorHandler","finished","addToTrace","addRelease"];var v=r(1863),b=r(2614),y=r(993),R=r(3785),x=r(2646),w=r(3434);function T(e,t,r,n){if("object"!=typeof t||!t||"string"!=typeof r||!r||"function"!=typeof t[r])return(0,l.R)(29);const i=function(e){return(e||s.ee).get("logger")}(e),o=(0,w.YM)(i),a=new x.y(s.P);return a.level=n.level,a.customAttributes=n.customAttributes,o.inPlace(t,[r],"wrap-logger-",a),i}function A(){const e=(0,h.pV)();p.forEach((t=>{e[t]=(...r)=>function(t,...r){let n=[];return Object.values(e.initializedAgents).forEach((e=>{e&&e.api?e.exposed&&e.api[t]&&n.push(e.api[t](...r)):(0,l.R)(38,t)})),n.length>1?n:n[0]}(t,...r)}))}const E={};var S=r(9417),_=r(5603),O=r(5284);const N=e=>{const t=e.startsWith("http");e+="/",r.p=t?e:"https://"+e};let I=!1;function P(e,t={},p,x){let{init:w,info:P,loader_config:j,runtime:C={},exposed:k=!0}=t;C.loaderType=p;const H=(0,h.pV)();P||(w=H.init,P=H.info,j=H.loader_config),(0,S.xN)(e.agentIdentifier,w||{}),(0,_.a)(e.agentIdentifier,j||{}),P.jsAttributes??={},u.bv&&(P.jsAttributes.isWorker=!0),(0,i.x1)(e.agentIdentifier,P);const D=(0,S.D0)(e.agentIdentifier),L=[P.beacon,P.errorBeacon];I||(D.proxy.assets&&(N(D.proxy.assets),L.push(D.proxy.assets)),D.proxy.beacon&&L.push(D.proxy.beacon),A(),(0,h.US)("activatedFeatures",O.B),e.runSoftNavOverSpa&&=!0===D.soft_navigations.enabled&&D.feature_flags.includes("soft_nav")),C.denyList=[...D.ajax.deny_list||[],...D.ajax.block_internal?L:[]],C.ptid=e.agentIdentifier,(0,o.V)(e.agentIdentifier,C),e.ee=s.ee.get(e.agentIdentifier),void 0===e.api&&(e.api=function(e,t,h=!1){t||(0,c.Ak)(e,"api");const p={};var x=s.ee.get(e),w=x.get("tracer");E[e]=b.g.OFF,x.on(g.G4.REPLAY_RUNNING,(t=>{E[e]=t}));var A="api-",S=A+"ixn-";function _(t,r,n,o){const a=(0,i.Vp)(e);return null===r?delete a.jsAttributes[t]:(0,i.x1)(e,{...a,jsAttributes:{...a.jsAttributes,[t]:r}}),I(A,n,!0,o||null===r?"session":void 0)(t,r)}function O(){}p.log=function(e,{customAttributes:t={},level:r=y.p_.INFO}={}){(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/log/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,x),(0,R.R)(x,e,t,r)},p.wrapLogger=(e,t,{customAttributes:r={},level:i=y.p_.INFO}={})=>{(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/wrapLogger/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,x),T(x,e,t,{customAttributes:r,level:i})},m.forEach((e=>{p[e]=I(A,e,!0,"api")})),p.addPageAction=I(A,"addPageAction",!0,n.K7.genericEvents),p.setPageViewName=function(t,r){if("string"==typeof t)return"/"!==t.charAt(0)&&(t="/"+t),(0,o.f)(e).customTransaction=(r||"http://custom.transaction")+t,I(A,"setPageViewName",!0)()},p.setCustomAttribute=function(e,t,r=!1){if("string"==typeof e){if(["string","number","boolean"].includes(typeof t)||null===t)return _(e,t,"setCustomAttribute",r);(0,l.R)(40,typeof t)}else(0,l.R)(39,typeof e)},p.setUserId=function(e){if("string"==typeof e||null===e)return _("enduser.id",e,"setUserId",!0);(0,l.R)(41,typeof e)},p.setApplicationVersion=function(e){if("string"==typeof e||null===e)return _("application.version",e,"setApplicationVersion",!1);(0,l.R)(42,typeof e)},p.start=()=>{try{(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/start/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,x),x.emit("manual-start-all")}catch(e){(0,l.R)(23,e)}},p[g.G4.RECORD]=function(){(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/recordReplay/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,x),(0,a.p)(g.G4.RECORD,[],void 0,n.K7.sessionReplay,x)},p[g.G4.PAUSE]=function(){(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/pauseReplay/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,x),(0,a.p)(g.G4.PAUSE,[],void 0,n.K7.sessionReplay,x)},p.interaction=function(e){return(new O).get("object"==typeof e?e:{})};const N=O.prototype={createTracer:function(e,t){var r={},i=this,o="function"==typeof t;return(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/createTracer/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,x),h||(0,a.p)(S+"tracer",[(0,v.t)(),e,r],i,n.K7.spa,x),function(){if(w.emit((o?"":"no-")+"fn-start",[(0,v.t)(),i,o],r),o)try{return t.apply(this,arguments)}catch(e){const t="string"==typeof e?new Error(e):e;throw w.emit("fn-err",[arguments,this,t],r),t}finally{w.emit("fn-end",[(0,v.t)()],r)}}}};function I(e,t,r,i){return function(){return(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/"+t+"/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,x),i&&(0,a.p)(e+t,[(0,v.t)(),...arguments],r?null:this,i,x),r?void 0:this}}function P(){r.e(891).then(r.bind(r,8778)).then((({setAPI:t})=>{t(e),(0,c.Ze)(e,"api")})).catch((e=>{(0,l.R)(27,e),x.abort()}))}return["actionText","setName","setAttribute","save","ignore","onEnd","getContext","end","get"].forEach((e=>{N[e]=I(S,e,void 0,h?n.K7.softNav:n.K7.spa)})),p.setCurrentRouteName=h?I(S,"routeName",void 0,n.K7.softNav):I(A,"routeName",!0,n.K7.spa),p.noticeError=function(t,r){"string"==typeof t&&(t=new Error(t)),(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/noticeError/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,x),(0,a.p)("err",[t,(0,v.t)(),!1,r,!!E[e]],void 0,n.K7.jserrors,x)},u.RI?(0,d.GG)((()=>P()),!0):P(),p}(e.agentIdentifier,x,e.runSoftNavOverSpa)),void 0===e.exposed&&(e.exposed=k),I=!0}},8374:(e,t,r)=>{r.nc=(()=>{try{return document?.currentScript?.nonce}catch(e){}return""})()},860:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{$J:()=>o,K7:()=>n,P3:()=>i});const n={ajax:"ajax",genericEvents:"generic_events",jserrors:"jserrors",logging:"logging",metrics:"metrics",pageAction:"page_action",pageViewEvent:"page_view_event",pageViewTiming:"page_view_timing",sessionReplay:"session_replay",sessionTrace:"session_trace",softNav:"soft_navigations",spa:"spa"},i={[n.pageViewEvent]:1,[n.pageViewTiming]:2,[n.metrics]:3,[n.jserrors]:4,[n.spa]:5,[n.ajax]:6,[n.sessionTrace]:7,[n.softNav]:8,[n.sessionReplay]:9,[n.logging]:10,[n.genericEvents]:11},o={[n.pageViewTiming]:"events",[n.ajax]:"events",[n.spa]:"events",[n.softNav]:"events",[n.metrics]:"jserrors",[n.jserrors]:"jserrors",[n.sessionTrace]:"browser/blobs",[n.sessionReplay]:"browser/blobs",[n.logging]:"browser/logs",[n.genericEvents]:"ins"}}},n={};function i(e){var t=n[e];if(void 0!==t)return t.exports;var o=n[e]={exports:{}};return r[e](o,o.exports,i),o.exports}i.m=r,i.d=(e,t)=>{for(var r in t)i.o(t,r)&&!i.o(e,r)&&Object.defineProperty(e,r,{enumerable:!0,get:t[r]})},i.f={},i.e=e=>Promise.all(Object.keys(i.f).reduce(((t,r)=>(i.f[r](e,t),t)),[])),i.u=e=>({95:"nr-full-compressor",222:"nr-full-recorder",891:"nr-full"}[e]+"-1.274.0.min.js"),i.o=(e,t)=>Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(e,t),e={},t="NRBA-1.274.0.PROD:",i.l=(r,n,o,a)=>{if(e[r])e[r].push(n);else{var s,c;if(void 0!==o)for(var d=document.getElementsByTagName("script"),u=0;u<d.length;u++){var l=d[u];if(l.getAttribute("src")==r||l.getAttribute("data-webpack")==t+o){s=l;break}}if(!s){c=!0;var f={891:"sha512-Sx2xJQrHp2m/Ngn/ZcfBCUwNr2Xy/C5urYtWpfm3bWpil4spXOQGTtNwIfF5HvPGioGASn9QTyE4Z+zC7r7wcg==",222:"sha512-hMte3OWgwwYeisSiD7WCIx/6tT16zLaPjag9uF4tIZp7ybOvrJKbeyzhe4fz1tDbkdcdOMm8dvgPPLBatSAGeA==",95:"sha512-MPaT9dkHv16XzwEUVZPyqpN1do/Er1XFAZoIAPYWylmv+iGIThqN+GwQq27pUyAX7sNXVJQVZezH96p53Ks3Pg=="};(s=document.createElement("script")).charset="utf-8",s.timeout=120,i.nc&&s.setAttribute("nonce",i.nc),s.setAttribute("data-webpack",t+o),s.src=r,0!==s.src.indexOf(window.location.origin+"/")&&(s.crossOrigin="anonymous"),f[a]&&(s.integrity=f[a])}e[r]=[n];var h=(t,n)=>{s.onerror=s.onload=null,clearTimeout(g);var i=e[r];if(delete e[r],s.parentNode&&s.parentNode.removeChild(s),i&&i.forEach((e=>e(n))),t)return t(n)},g=setTimeout(h.bind(null,void 0,{type:"timeout",target:s}),12e4);s.onerror=h.bind(null,s.onerror),s.onload=h.bind(null,s.onload),c&&document.head.appendChild(s)}},i.r=e=>{"undefined"!=typeof Symbol&&Symbol.toStringTag&&Object.defineProperty(e,Symbol.toStringTag,{value:"Module"}),Object.defineProperty(e,"__esModule",{value:!0})},i.p="https://js-agent.newrelic.com/",(()=>{var e={959:0,85:0};i.f.j=(t,r)=>{var n=i.o(e,t)?e[t]:void 0;if(0!==n)if(n)r.push(n[2]);else{var o=new Promise(((r,i)=>n=e[t]=[r,i]));r.push(n[2]=o);var a=i.p+i.u(t),s=new Error;i.l(a,(r=>{if(i.o(e,t)&&(0!==(n=e[t])&&(e[t]=void 0),n)){var o=r&&("load"===r.type?"missing":r.type),a=r&&r.target&&r.target.src;s.message="Loading chunk "+t+" failed.\n("+o+": "+a+")",s.name="ChunkLoadError",s.type=o,s.request=a,n[1](s)}}),"chunk-"+t,t)}};var t=(t,r)=>{var n,o,[a,s,c]=r,d=0;if(a.some((t=>0!==e[t]))){for(n in s)i.o(s,n)&&(i.m[n]=s[n]);if(c)c(i)}for(t&&t(r);d<a.length;d++)o=a[d],i.o(e,o)&&e[o]&&e[o][0](),e[o]=0},r=self["webpackChunk:NRBA-1.274.0.PROD"]=self["webpackChunk:NRBA-1.274.0.PROD"]||[];r.forEach(t.bind(null,0)),r.push=t.bind(null,r.push.bind(r))})(),(()=>{"use strict";i(8374);var e=i(944),t=i(6344),r=i(9566);class n{agentIdentifier;constructor(e=(0,r.LA)(16)){this.agentIdentifier=e}#e(t,...r){if("function"==typeof this.api?.[t])return this.api[t](...r);(0,e.R)(35,t)}addPageAction(e,t){return this.#e("addPageAction",e,t)}setPageViewName(e,t){return this.#e("setPageViewName",e,t)}setCustomAttribute(e,t,r){return this.#e("setCustomAttribute",e,t,r)}noticeError(e,t){return this.#e("noticeError",e,t)}setUserId(e){return this.#e("setUserId",e)}setApplicationVersion(e){return this.#e("setApplicationVersion",e)}setErrorHandler(e){return this.#e("setErrorHandler",e)}addRelease(e,t){return this.#e("addRelease",e,t)}log(e,t){return this.#e("log",e,t)}}class o extends n{#e(t,...r){if("function"==typeof this.api?.[t])return this.api[t](...r);(0,e.R)(35,t)}start(){return this.#e("start")}finished(e){return this.#e("finished",e)}recordReplay(){return this.#e(t.G4.RECORD)}pauseReplay(){return this.#e(t.G4.PAUSE)}addToTrace(e){return this.#e("addToTrace",e)}setCurrentRouteName(e){return this.#e("setCurrentRouteName",e)}interaction(){return this.#e("interaction")}wrapLogger(e,t,r){return this.#e("wrapLogger",e,t,r)}}var a=i(860),s=i(9417);const c=Object.values(a.K7);function d(e){const t={};return c.forEach((r=>{t[r]=function(e,t){return!0===(0,s.gD)(t,"".concat(e,".enabled"))}(r,e)})),t}var u=i(425);var l=i(1687),f=i(4234),h=i(5289),g=i(6154),p=i(5270),m=i(7767),v=i(6389);class b extends f.W{constructor(e,t,r=!0){super(e.agentIdentifier,t),this.auto=r,this.abortHandler=void 0,this.featAggregate=void 0,this.onAggregateImported=void 0,!1===e.init[this.featureName].autoStart&&(this.auto=!1),this.auto?(0,l.Ak)(e.agentIdentifier,t):this.ee.on("manual-start-all",(0,v.J)((()=>{(0,l.Ak)(e.agentIdentifier,this.featureName),this.auto=!0,this.importAggregator(e)})))}importAggregator(t,r={}){if(this.featAggregate||!this.auto)return;let n;this.onAggregateImported=new Promise((e=>{n=e}));const o=async()=>{let o;try{if((0,m.V)(this.agentIdentifier)){const{setupAgentSession:e}=await i.e(891).then(i.bind(i,6526));o=e(t)}}catch(t){(0,e.R)(20,t),this.ee.emit("internal-error",[t]),this.featureName===a.K7.sessionReplay&&this.abortHandler?.()}try{if(t.sharedAggregator)await t.sharedAggregator;else{t.sharedAggregator=i.e(891).then(i.bind(i,9337));const{EventAggregator:e}=await t.sharedAggregator;t.sharedAggregator=new e}if(!this.#t(this.featureName,o))return(0,l.Ze)(this.agentIdentifier,this.featureName),void n(!1);const{lazyFeatureLoader:e}=await i.e(891).then(i.bind(i,6103)),{Aggregate:a}=await e(this.featureName,"aggregate");this.featAggregate=new a(t,r),n(!0)}catch(t){(0,e.R)(34,t),this.abortHandler?.(),(0,l.Ze)(this.agentIdentifier,this.featureName,!0),n(!1),this.ee&&this.ee.abort()}};g.RI?(0,h.GG)((()=>o()),!0):o()}#t(e,t){switch(e){case a.K7.sessionReplay:return(0,p.SR)(this.agentIdentifier)&&!!t;case a.K7.sessionTrace:return!!t;default:return!0}}}var y=i(6630);class R extends b{static featureName=y.T;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,y.T,t),this.importAggregator(e)}}var x=i(384);var w=i(9908),T=i(2843),A=i(3878),E=i(782),S=i(1863);class _ extends b{static featureName=E.T;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,E.T,t),g.RI&&((0,T.u)((()=>(0,w.p)("docHidden",[(0,S.t)()],void 0,E.T,this.ee)),!0),(0,A.sp)("pagehide",(()=>(0,w.p)("winPagehide",[(0,S.t)()],void 0,E.T,this.ee))),this.importAggregator(e))}}var O=i(3969);class N extends b{static featureName=O.TZ;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,O.TZ,t),this.importAggregator(e)}}var I=i(6774),P=i(3304);class j{constructor(e,t,r,n,i){this.name="UncaughtError",this.message="string"==typeof e?e:(0,P.A)(e),this.sourceURL=t,this.line=r,this.column=n,this.__newrelic=i}}function C(e){return D(e)?e:new j(void 0!==e?.message?e.message:e,e?.filename||e?.sourceURL,e?.lineno||e?.line,e?.colno||e?.col,e?.__newrelic)}function k(e){const t="Unhandled Promise Rejection";if(!e?.reason)return;if(D(e.reason))try{return e.reason.message=t+": "+e.reason.message,C(e.reason)}catch(t){return C(e.reason)}const r=C(e.reason);return r.message=t+": "+r?.message,r}function H(e){if(e.error instanceof SyntaxError&&!/:\d+$/.test(e.error.stack?.trim())){const t=new j(e.message,e.filename,e.lineno,e.colno,e.error.__newrelic);return t.name=SyntaxError.name,t}return D(e.error)?e.error:C(e)}function D(e){return e instanceof Error&&!!e.stack}class L extends b{static featureName=I.T;#r=!1;constructor(e,r=!0){super(e,I.T,r);try{this.removeOnAbort=new AbortController}catch(e){}this.ee.on("internal-error",(e=>{this.abortHandler&&(0,w.p)("ierr",[C(e),(0,S.t)(),!0,{},this.#r],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)})),this.ee.on(t.G4.REPLAY_RUNNING,(e=>{this.#r=e})),g.gm.addEventListener("unhandledrejection",(e=>{this.abortHandler&&(0,w.p)("err",[k(e),(0,S.t)(),!1,{unhandledPromiseRejection:1},this.#r],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)}),(0,A.jT)(!1,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),g.gm.addEventListener("error",(e=>{this.abortHandler&&(0,w.p)("err",[H(e),(0,S.t)(),!1,{},this.#r],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)}),(0,A.jT)(!1,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),this.abortHandler=this.#n,this.importAggregator(e)}#n(){this.removeOnAbort?.abort(),this.abortHandler=void 0}}var K=i(8990);let M=1;const U="nr@id";function V(e){const t=typeof e;return!e||"object"!==t&&"function"!==t?-1:e===g.gm?0:(0,K.I)(e,U,(function(){return M++}))}function G(e){if("string"==typeof e&&e.length)return e.length;if("object"==typeof e){if("undefined"!=typeof ArrayBuffer&&e instanceof ArrayBuffer&&e.byteLength)return e.byteLength;if("undefined"!=typeof Blob&&e instanceof Blob&&e.size)return e.size;if(!("undefined"!=typeof FormData&&e instanceof FormData))try{return(0,P.A)(e).length}catch(e){return}}}var F=i(8139),B=i(7836),W=i(3434);const z={},q=["open","send"];function Z(t){var r=t||B.ee;const n=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get("xhr")}(r);if(z[n.debugId]++)return n;z[n.debugId]=1,(0,F.u)(r);var i=(0,W.YM)(n),o=g.gm.XMLHttpRequest,a=g.gm.MutationObserver,s=g.gm.Promise,c=g.gm.setInterval,d="readystatechange",u=["onload","onerror","onabort","onloadstart","onloadend","onprogress","ontimeout"],l=[],f=g.gm.XMLHttpRequest=function(t){const r=new o(t),a=n.context(r);try{n.emit("new-xhr",[r],a),r.addEventListener(d,(s=a,function(){var e=this;e.readyState>3&&!s.resolved&&(s.resolved=!0,n.emit("xhr-resolved",[],e)),i.inPlace(e,u,"fn-",y)}),(0,A.jT)(!1))}catch(t){(0,e.R)(15,t);try{n.emit("internal-error",[t])}catch(e){}}var s;return r};function h(e,t){i.inPlace(t,["onreadystatechange"],"fn-",y)}if(function(e,t){for(var r in e)t[r]=e[r]}(o,f),f.prototype=o.prototype,i.inPlace(f.prototype,q,"-xhr-",y),n.on("send-xhr-start",(function(e,t){h(e,t),function(e){l.push(e),a&&(p?p.then(b):c?c(b):(m=-m,v.data=m))}(t)})),n.on("open-xhr-start",h),a){var p=s&&s.resolve();if(!c&&!s){var m=1,v=document.createTextNode(m);new a(b).observe(v,{characterData:!0})}}else r.on("fn-end",(function(e){e[0]&&e[0].type===d||b()}));function b(){for(var e=0;e<l.length;e++)h(0,l[e]);l.length&&(l=[])}function y(e,t){return t}return n}var Y="fetch-",X=Y+"body-",Q=["arrayBuffer","blob","json","text","formData"],J=g.gm.Request,ee=g.gm.Response,te="prototype";const re={};function ne(e){const t=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get("fetch")}(e);if(!(J&&ee&&g.gm.fetch))return t;if(re[t.debugId]++)return t;function r(e,r,n){var i=e[r];"function"==typeof i&&(e[r]=function(){var e,r=[...arguments],o={};t.emit(n+"before-start",[r],o),o[B.P]&&o[B.P].dt&&(e=o[B.P].dt);var a=i.apply(this,r);return t.emit(n+"start",[r,e],a),a.then((function(e){return t.emit(n+"end",[null,e],a),e}),(function(e){throw t.emit(n+"end",[e],a),e}))})}return re[t.debugId]=1,Q.forEach((e=>{r(J[te],e,X),r(ee[te],e,X)})),r(g.gm,"fetch",Y),t.on(Y+"end",(function(e,r){var n=this;if(r){var i=r.headers.get("content-length");null!==i&&(n.rxSize=i),t.emit(Y+"done",[null,r],n)}else t.emit(Y+"done",[e],n)})),t}var ie=i(7485),oe=i(5603);class ae{constructor(e){this.agentIdentifier=e}generateTracePayload(e){if(!this.shouldGenerateTrace(e))return null;var t=(0,oe.o)(this.agentIdentifier);if(!t)return null;var n=(t.accountID||"").toString()||null,i=(t.agentID||"").toString()||null,o=(t.trustKey||"").toString()||null;if(!n||!i)return null;var a=(0,r.ZF)(),s=(0,r.el)(),c=Date.now(),d={spanId:a,traceId:s,timestamp:c};return(e.sameOrigin||this.isAllowedOrigin(e)&&this.useTraceContextHeadersForCors())&&(d.traceContextParentHeader=this.generateTraceContextParentHeader(a,s),d.traceContextStateHeader=this.generateTraceContextStateHeader(a,c,n,i,o)),(e.sameOrigin&&!this.excludeNewrelicHeader()||!e.sameOrigin&&this.isAllowedOrigin(e)&&this.useNewrelicHeaderForCors())&&(d.newrelicHeader=this.generateTraceHeader(a,s,c,n,i,o)),d}generateTraceContextParentHeader(e,t){return"00-"+t+"-"+e+"-01"}generateTraceContextStateHeader(e,t,r,n,i){return i+"@nr=0-1-"+r+"-"+n+"-"+e+"----"+t}generateTraceHeader(e,t,r,n,i,o){if(!("function"==typeof g.gm?.btoa))return null;var a={v:[0,1],d:{ty:"Browser",ac:n,ap:i,id:e,tr:t,ti:r}};return o&&n!==o&&(a.d.tk=o),btoa((0,P.A)(a))}shouldGenerateTrace(e){return this.isDtEnabled()&&this.isAllowedOrigin(e)}isAllowedOrigin(e){var t=!1,r={};if((0,s.gD)(this.agentIdentifier,"distributed_tracing")&&(r=(0,s.D0)(this.agentIdentifier).distributed_tracing),e.sameOrigin)t=!0;else if(r.allowed_origins instanceof Array)for(var n=0;n<r.allowed_origins.length;n++){var i=(0,ie.D)(r.allowed_origins[n]);if(e.hostname===i.hostname&&e.protocol===i.protocol&&e.port===i.port){t=!0;break}}return t}isDtEnabled(){var e=(0,s.gD)(this.agentIdentifier,"distributed_tracing");return!!e&&!!e.enabled}excludeNewrelicHeader(){var e=(0,s.gD)(this.agentIdentifier,"distributed_tracing");return!!e&&!!e.exclude_newrelic_header}useNewrelicHeaderForCors(){var e=(0,s.gD)(this.agentIdentifier,"distributed_tracing");return!!e&&!1!==e.cors_use_newrelic_header}useTraceContextHeadersForCors(){var e=(0,s.gD)(this.agentIdentifier,"distributed_tracing");return!!e&&!!e.cors_use_tracecontext_headers}}var se=i(9300),ce=i(7295),de=["load","error","abort","timeout"],ue=de.length,le=(0,x.dV)().o.REQ,fe=(0,x.dV)().o.XHR;class he extends b{static featureName=se.T;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,se.T,t),this.dt=new ae(e.agentIdentifier),this.handler=(e,t,r,n)=>(0,w.p)(e,t,r,n,this.ee);try{const e={xmlhttprequest:"xhr",fetch:"fetch",beacon:"beacon"};g.gm?.performance?.getEntriesByType("resource").forEach((t=>{if(t.initiatorType in e&&0!==t.responseStatus){const r={status:t.responseStatus},n={rxSize:t.transferSize,duration:Math.floor(t.duration),cbTime:0};ge(r,t.name),this.handler("xhr",[r,n,t.startTime,t.responseEnd,e[t.initiatorType]],void 0,a.K7.ajax)}}))}catch(e){}ne(this.ee),Z(this.ee),function(e,t,r,n){function i(e){var t=this;t.totalCbs=0,t.called=0,t.cbTime=0,t.end=x,t.ended=!1,t.xhrGuids={},t.lastSize=null,t.loadCaptureCalled=!1,t.params=this.params||{},t.metrics=this.metrics||{},e.addEventListener("load",(function(r){T(t,e)}),(0,A.jT)(!1)),g.lR||e.addEventListener("progress",(function(e){t.lastSize=e.loaded}),(0,A.jT)(!1))}function o(e){this.params={method:e[0]},ge(this,e[1]),this.metrics={}}function s(t,r){e.loader_config.xpid&&this.sameOrigin&&r.setRequestHeader("X-NewRelic-ID",e.loader_config.xpid);var i=n.generateTracePayload(this.parsedOrigin);if(i){var o=!1;i.newrelicHeader&&(r.setRequestHeader("newrelic",i.newrelicHeader),o=!0),i.traceContextParentHeader&&(r.setRequestHeader("traceparent",i.traceContextParentHeader),i.traceContextStateHeader&&r.setRequestHeader("tracestate",i.traceContextStateHeader),o=!0),o&&(this.dt=i)}}function c(e,r){var n=this.metrics,i=e[0],o=this;if(n&&i){var a=G(i);a&&(n.txSize=a)}this.startTime=(0,S.t)(),this.body=i,this.listener=function(e){try{"abort"!==e.type||o.loadCaptureCalled||(o.params.aborted=!0),("load"!==e.type||o.called===o.totalCbs&&(o.onloadCalled||"function"!=typeof r.onload)&&"function"==typeof o.end)&&o.end(r)}catch(e){try{t.emit("internal-error",[e])}catch(e){}}};for(var s=0;s<ue;s++)r.addEventListener(de[s],this.listener,(0,A.jT)(!1))}function d(e,t,r){this.cbTime+=e,t?this.onloadCalled=!0:this.called+=1,this.called!==this.totalCbs||!this.onloadCalled&&"function"==typeof r.onload||"function"!=typeof this.end||this.end(r)}function u(e,t){var r=""+V(e)+!!t;this.xhrGuids&&!this.xhrGuids[r]&&(this.xhrGuids[r]=!0,this.totalCbs+=1)}function l(e,t){var r=""+V(e)+!!t;this.xhrGuids&&this.xhrGuids[r]&&(delete this.xhrGuids[r],this.totalCbs-=1)}function f(){this.endTime=(0,S.t)()}function h(e,r){r instanceof fe&&"load"===e[0]&&t.emit("xhr-load-added",[e[1],e[2]],r)}function p(e,r){r instanceof fe&&"load"===e[0]&&t.emit("xhr-load-removed",[e[1],e[2]],r)}function m(e,t,r){t instanceof fe&&("onload"===r&&(this.onload=!0),("load"===(e[0]&&e[0].type)||this.onload)&&(this.xhrCbStart=(0,S.t)()))}function v(e,r){this.xhrCbStart&&t.emit("xhr-cb-time",[(0,S.t)()-this.xhrCbStart,this.onload,r],r)}function b(e){var t,r=e[1]||{};if("string"==typeof e[0]?0===(t=e[0]).length&&g.RI&&(t=""+g.gm.location.href):e[0]&&e[0].url?t=e[0].url:g.gm?.URL&&e[0]&&e[0]instanceof URL?t=e[0].href:"function"==typeof e[0].toString&&(t=e[0].toString()),"string"==typeof t&&0!==t.length){t&&(this.parsedOrigin=(0,ie.D)(t),this.sameOrigin=this.parsedOrigin.sameOrigin);var i=n.generateTracePayload(this.parsedOrigin);if(i&&(i.newrelicHeader||i.traceContextParentHeader))if(e[0]&&e[0].headers)s(e[0].headers,i)&&(this.dt=i);else{var o={};for(var a in r)o[a]=r[a];o.headers=new Headers(r.headers||{}),s(o.headers,i)&&(this.dt=i),e.length>1?e[1]=o:e.push(o)}}function s(e,t){var r=!1;return t.newrelicHeader&&(e.set("newrelic",t.newrelicHeader),r=!0),t.traceContextParentHeader&&(e.set("traceparent",t.traceContextParentHeader),t.traceContextStateHeader&&e.set("tracestate",t.traceContextStateHeader),r=!0),r}}function y(e,t){this.params={},this.metrics={},this.startTime=(0,S.t)(),this.dt=t,e.length>=1&&(this.target=e[0]),e.length>=2&&(this.opts=e[1]);var r,n=this.opts||{},i=this.target;"string"==typeof i?r=i:"object"==typeof i&&i instanceof le?r=i.url:g.gm?.URL&&"object"==typeof i&&i instanceof URL&&(r=i.href),ge(this,r);var o=(""+(i&&i instanceof le&&i.method||n.method||"GET")).toUpperCase();this.params.method=o,this.body=n.body,this.txSize=G(n.body)||0}function R(e,t){if(this.endTime=(0,S.t)(),this.params||(this.params={}),(0,ce.iW)(this.params))return;let n;this.params.status=t?t.status:0,"string"==typeof this.rxSize&&this.rxSize.length>0&&(n=+this.rxSize);const i={txSize:this.txSize,rxSize:n,duration:(0,S.t)()-this.startTime};r("xhr",[this.params,i,this.startTime,this.endTime,"fetch"],this,a.K7.ajax)}function x(e){const t=this.params,n=this.metrics;if(!this.ended){this.ended=!0;for(let t=0;t<ue;t++)e.removeEventListener(de[t],this.listener,!1);t.aborted||(0,ce.iW)(t)||(n.duration=(0,S.t)()-this.startTime,this.loadCazptureCalled||4!==e.readyState?null==t.status&&(t.status=0):T(this,e),n.cbTime=this.cbTime,r("xhr",[t,n,this.startTime,this.endTime,"xhr"],this,a.K7.ajax))}}function T(e,r){e.params.status=r.status;var n=function(e,t){var r=e.responseType;return"json"===r&&null!==t?t:"arraybuffer"===r||"blob"===r||"json"===r?G(e.response):"text"===r||""===r||void 0===r?G(e.responseText):void 0}(r,e.lastSize);if(n&&(e.metrics.rxSize=n),e.sameOrigin){var i=r.getResponseHeader("X-NewRelic-App-Data");i&&((0,w.p)(O.rs,["Ajax/CrossApplicationTracing/Header/Seen"],void 0,a.K7.metrics,t),e.params.cat=i.split(", ").pop())}e.loadCaptureCalled=!0}t.on("new-xhr",i),t.on("open-xhr-start",o),t.on("open-xhr-end",s),t.on("send-xhr-start",c),t.on("xhr-cb-time",d),t.on("xhr-load-added",u),t.on("xhr-load-removed",l),t.on("xhr-resolved",f),t.on("addEventListener-end",h),t.on("removeEventListener-end",p),t.on("fn-end",v),t.on("fetch-before-start",b),t.on("fetch-start",y),t.on("fn-start",m),t.on("fetch-done",R)}(e,this.ee,this.handler,this.dt),this.importAggregator(e)}}function ge(e,t){var r=(0,ie.D)(t),n=e.params||e;n.hostname=r.hostname,n.port=r.port,n.protocol=r.protocol,n.host=r.hostname+":"+r.port,n.pathname=r.pathname,e.parsedOrigin=r,e.sameOrigin=r.sameOrigin}const pe={},me=["pushState","replaceState"];function ve(e){const t=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get("history")}(e);return!g.RI||pe[t.debugId]++||(pe[t.debugId]=1,(0,W.YM)(t).inPlace(window.history,me,"-")),t}var be=i(3738);const{He:ye,bD:Re,d3:xe,Kp:we,TZ:Te,Lc:Ae,uP:Ee,Rz:Se}=be;class _e extends b{static featureName=Te;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,Te,t);if(!(0,m.V)(this.agentIdentifier))return void this.deregisterDrain();const r=this.ee;let n;ve(r),this.eventsEE=(0,F.u)(r),this.eventsEE.on(Ee,(function(e,t){this.bstStart=(0,S.t)()})),this.eventsEE.on(Ae,(function(e,t){(0,w.p)("bst",[e[0],t,this.bstStart,(0,S.t)()],void 0,a.K7.sessionTrace,r)})),r.on(Se+xe,(function(e){this.time=(0,S.t)(),this.startPath=location.pathname+location.hash})),r.on(Se+we,(function(e){(0,w.p)("bstHist",[location.pathname+location.hash,this.startPath,this.time],void 0,a.K7.sessionTrace,r)}));try{n=new PerformanceObserver((e=>{const t=e.getEntries();(0,w.p)(ye,[t],void 0,a.K7.sessionTrace,r)})),n.observe({type:Re,buffered:!0})}catch(e){}this.importAggregator(e,{resourceObserver:n})}}var Oe=i(2614);class Ne extends b{static featureName=t.TZ;#i;#o;constructor(e,r=!0){let n;super(e,t.TZ,r),this.replayRunning=!1,this.#o=e;try{n=JSON.parse(localStorage.getItem("".concat(Oe.H3,"_").concat(Oe.uh)))}catch(e){}(0,p.SR)(e.agentIdentifier)&&this.ee.on(t.G4.RECORD,(()=>this.#a())),this.#s(n)?(this.#i=n?.sessionReplayMode,this.#c()):this.importAggregator(e),this.ee.on("err",(e=>{this.replayRunning&&(this.errorNoticed=!0,(0,w.p)(t.G4.ERROR_DURING_REPLAY,[e],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee))})),this.ee.on(t.G4.REPLAY_RUNNING,(e=>{this.replayRunning=e}))}#s(e){return e&&(e.sessionReplayMode===Oe.g.FULL||e.sessionReplayMode===Oe.g.ERROR)||(0,p.Aw)(this.agentIdentifier)}#d=!1;async#c(e){if(!this.#d){this.#d=!0;try{const{Recorder:t}=await Promise.all([i.e(891),i.e(222)]).then(i.bind(i,8589));this.recorder??=new t({mode:this.#i,agentIdentifier:this.agentIdentifier,trigger:e,ee:this.ee}),this.recorder.startRecording(),this.abortHandler=this.recorder.stopRecording}catch(e){}this.importAggregator(this.#o,{recorder:this.recorder,errorNoticed:this.errorNoticed})}}#a(){this.featAggregate?this.featAggregate.mode!==Oe.g.FULL&&this.featAggregate.initializeRecording(Oe.g.FULL,!0):(this.#i=Oe.g.FULL,this.#c(t.Qb.API),this.recorder&&this.recorder.parent.mode!==Oe.g.FULL&&(this.recorder.parent.mode=Oe.g.FULL,this.recorder.stopRecording(),this.recorder.startRecording(),this.abortHandler=this.recorder.stopRecording))}}var Ie=i(3333);class Pe extends b{static featureName=Ie.TZ;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,Ie.TZ,t);const r=[e.init.page_action.enabled,e.init.performance.capture_marks,e.init.performance.capture_measures,e.init.user_actions.enabled];g.RI&&e.init.user_actions.enabled&&(Ie.Zp.forEach((e=>(0,A.sp)(e,(e=>(0,w.p)("ua",[e],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)),!0))),Ie.qN.forEach((e=>(0,A.sp)(e,(e=>(0,w.p)("ua",[e],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)))))),r.some((e=>e))?this.importAggregator(e):this.deregisterDrain()}}var je=i(993),Ce=i(3785);class ke extends b{static featureName=je.TZ;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,je.TZ,t);const r=this.ee;this.ee.on("wrap-logger-end",(function([e]){const{level:t,customAttributes:n}=this;(0,Ce.R)(r,e,n,t)})),this.importAggregator(e)}}new class extends o{constructor(t,r){super(r),g.gm?(this.features={},(0,x.bQ)(this.agentIdentifier,this),this.desiredFeatures=new Set(t.features||[]),this.desiredFeatures.add(R),this.runSoftNavOverSpa=[...this.desiredFeatures].some((e=>e.featureName===a.K7.softNav)),(0,u.j)(this,t,t.loaderType||"agent"),this.run()):(0,e.R)(21)}get config(){return{info:this.info,init:this.init,loader_config:this.loader_config,runtime:this.runtime}}run(){try{const t=d(this.agentIdentifier),r=[...this.desiredFeatures];r.sort(((e,t)=>a.P3[e.featureName]-a.P3[t.featureName])),r.forEach((r=>{if(!t[r.featureName]&&r.featureName!==a.K7.pageViewEvent)return;if(this.runSoftNavOverSpa&&r.featureName===a.K7.spa)return;if(!this.runSoftNavOverSpa&&r.featureName===a.K7.softNav)return;const n=function(e){switch(e){case a.K7.ajax:return[a.K7.jserrors];case a.K7.sessionTrace:return[a.K7.ajax,a.K7.pageViewEvent];case a.K7.sessionReplay:return[a.K7.sessionTrace];case a.K7.pageViewTiming:return[a.K7.pageViewEvent];default:return[]}}(r.featureName).filter((e=>!(e in this.features)));n.length>0&&(0,e.R)(36,{targetFeature:r.featureName,missingDependencies:n}),this.features[r.featureName]=new r(this)}))}catch(t){(0,e.R)(22,t);for(const e in this.features)this.features[e].abortHandler?.();const r=(0,x.Zm)();delete r.initializedAgents[this.agentIdentifier]?.api,delete r.initializedAgents[this.agentIdentifier]?.features,delete this.sharedAggregator;return r.ee.get(this.agentIdentifier).abort(),!1}}}({features:[R,_,_e,Ne,he,N,L,Pe,ke],loaderType:"pro"})})()})();</script> <meta name="keywords" content="" /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.bio-techne.com/research-areas/neuroscience" /> <meta name="baidu-site-verification" content="xQr2vSIwwB" /> <title>Growth and Development: Novus Biologicals</title> <meta name="description" content="Cellular development and growth is a very important area of research. The many proteins that are involved in differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis, and survival are important for the maintenance of healthy cells, and provide checkpoints for developmen" /> <meta name="pubDate" content="201405" /> <script id="json-ld" type="application/ld+json">[{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"SiteNavigationElement","about":[{"@type":"Thing","url":"/support/sars-cov-research-resources","name":"COVID-19 Research Tools"},{"@type":"Thing","url":"/productsearch/novus","name":"Antibodies"},{"@type":"Thing","url":"/products/primary-antibodies","name":"Primary Antibodies"},{"@type":"Thing","url":"/conjugatedantibodies.html","name":"Conjugated Antibodies"},{"@type":"Thing","url":"/samplesize","name":"Sample Size Antibodies"},{"@type":"Thing","url":"/products/crispr-cas9-genetic-knockout-antibody-validation-reproducibility","name":"KO Validated Antibodies"},{"@type":"Thing","url":"https://www.novusbio.com/recombinant-monoclonals","name":"Recombinant Antibodies"},{"@type":"Thing","url":"/product-type/antibody-packs","name":"Antibody Sampler Packs"},{"@type":"Thing","url":"/product-type/antibody-pairs","name":"Antibody Pairs"},{"@type":"Thing","url":"/support/GeneralSecondaryAntibodies","name":"Secondary Antibodies"},{"@type":"Thing","url":"/products/isotype-controls","name":"Isotype Control Antibodies"},{"@type":"Thing","url":"/product-type/peptides-and-proteins","name":"Proteins and Peptides"},{"@type":"Thing","url":"/products/peptides-and-proteins","name":"Peptides & Proteins"},{"@type":"Thing","url":"/support/blocking-with-immunizing-peptide","name":"Blocking Peptides"},{"@type":"Thing","url":"/product-type/peptides-and-proteins%3Fapplications%3DBioactivity","name":"Biologically Active Proteins"},{"@type":"Thing","url":"https://www.novusbio.com/product-type/lysates","name":"Lysates and Cell Lines"},{"@type":"Thing","url":"/product-type/lysates","name":"Lysates"},{"@type":"Thing","url":"/research-areas/stem-cells/stem-cell-lines.html","name":"Stem Cell Lines"},{"@type":"Thing","url":"/product-type/kits","name":"Kits"},{"@type":"Thing","url":"/Lightning-Link%20Antibody%20Labeling%20Kits","name":"Antibody Labeling Kits"},{"@type":"Thing","url":"/product-type/kits%3Fcategory%3DKits%26kit_type%3DChIP%2520Kit","name":"ChIP Kits"},{"@type":"Thing","url":"/products/elisa-kits","name":"ELISA Kits"},{"@type":"Thing","url":"/product-type/kits%3Fcategory%3DKits%26kit_type%3DFlow%2520Cytometry%2520Kit","name":"Flow Cytometry Kits"},{"@type":"Thing","url":"/product-type/support-products%3Fcategory%3DSupport%2520Products%26applications%3DLigand%2520Activation","name":"Activators and Inhibitors"},{"@type":"Thing","url":"/product-type/inhibitors","name":"Inhibitors"},{"@type":"Thing","url":"/product-type/support-products%3Fcategory%3DSupport%2520Products%26applications%3DLigand%2520Activation","name":"Activators"},{"@type":"Thing","url":"/product-type/support-products","name":"Support Products"},{"@type":"Thing","url":"/research-topics/cell-biology/exosome-isolation-and-detection","name":"Exosome Isolation"},{"@type":"Thing","url":"/products/flow-cytometry-quality-control-beads","name":"Flow Cytometry Beads"},{"@type":"Thing","url":"/control-slides","name":"IHC Tissue Slides"},{"@type":"Thing","url":"/tissue-microarrays","name":"IHC Microarrays"},{"@type":"Thing","url":"/search%3Fkeywords%3Drunblue","name":"Western Blot Gels & Buffers"},{"@type":"Thing","url":"/product-type/wb-membranes","name":"Western Blot Membranes"},{"@type":"Thing","url":"/product-type/support-products","name":"All Support Products"},{"@type":"Thing","url":"/support/bulk-and-custom.html","name":"Bulk and Custom"},{"@type":"Thing","url":"/support.html","name":"Resources"},{"@type":"Thing","url":"/support/support-by-application.html","name":"Protocols"},{"@type":"Thing","url":"/support/video-protocols","name":"Video Protocols"},{"@type":"Thing","url":"/support/troubleshooting","name":"Troubleshooting Guides"},{"@type":"Thing","url":"/mailing-list","name":"Posters and Literature"},{"@type":"Thing","url":"/support/handbooks-and-guides","name":"Handbooks and Guides"},{"@type":"Thing","url":"/resources/calculators","name":"Calculators"},{"@type":"Thing","url":"/support/faqs.html","name":"FAQs"},{"@type":"Thing","url":"/antibody-news","name":"Blogs"},{"@type":"Thing","url":"/all-diseases.html","name":"Diseases"},{"@type":"Thing","url":"/whitepapers.html","name":"Whitepapers"},{"@type":"Thing","url":"/webform/help-finding-antibodies","name":"Antibody Concierge"},{"@type":"Thing","url":"/webinar","name":"Webinars"},{"@type":"Thing","url":"/research-tools.html","name":"Tools"},{"@type":"Thing","url":"/spectraviewer","name":"Spectra Viewer"},{"@type":"Thing","url":"/novusknowsflow.html","name":"Flow Cytometry Panel Builder"},{"@type":"Thing","url":"/application","name":"Application"},{"@type":"Thing","url":"/application/elisa","name":"ELISA"},{"@type":"Thing","url":"/application/flow-cytometry","name":"Flow Cytometry"},{"@type":"Thing","url":"https://www.novusbio.com/products/antibodies-cytof","name":"Mass Cytometry (CyTOF)"},{"@type":"Thing","url":"/application/icc","name":"ICC"},{"@type":"Thing","url":"/application/ihc","name":"IHC"},{"@type":"Thing","url":"/application/western-blotting","name":"Western Blotting"},{"@type":"Thing","url":"/interviews","name":"Interviews"},{"@type":"Thing","url":"/faculty/faculty-interviews","name":"Faculty"},{"@type":"Thing","url":"/postdoc/postdoc-interviews","name":"Postdoc"},{"@type":"Thing","url":"/research-areas.html","name":"By Research Area"},{"@type":"Thing","url":"/apoptosis-pathway","name":"Apoptosis"},{"@type":"Thing","url":"/autophagy-pathway","name":"Autophagy"},{"@type":"Thing","url":"/research-areas/cancer","name":"Cancer"},{"@type":"Thing","url":"/research-areas/cell-biology","name":"Cell Biology"},{"@type":"Thing","url":"/research-areas/cellular-markers","name":"Cellular Markers"},{"@type":"Thing","url":"/research-areas/epigenetics","name":"Epigenetics"},{"@type":"Thing","url":"/research-areas/epitope-tags","name":"Epitope Tags"},{"@type":"Thing","url":"/research-areas/cell-biology/Exosome-research-tools","name":"Exosomes Research"},{"@type":"Thing","url":"/research-areas/hypoxia","name":"Hypoxia"},{"@type":"Thing","url":"/research-areas/immunology","name":"Immunology"},{"@type":"Thing","url":"/research-areas/microbiology","name":"Microbiology"},{"@type":"Thing","url":"/research-areas/neuroscience","name":"Neuroscience"},{"@type":"Thing","url":"/research-areas/stem-cells","name":"Stem Cells"},{"@type":"Thing","url":"/pathwaypages.html","name":"By Pathway"},{"@type":"Thing","url":"/akt-signaling-pathway","name":"AKT "},{"@type":"Thing","url":"/mapkerkpathway.html","name":"ERK1/2/5 Pathway"},{"@type":"Thing","url":"/hedgehogpathway.html","name":"Hedgehog"},{"@type":"Thing","url":"/hippo-pathway.html","name":"Hippo"},{"@type":"Thing","url":"/jnk-signaling-pathway","name":"JNK Pathway"},{"@type":"Thing","url":"/mtor-pathway","name":"mTOR"},{"@type":"Thing","url":"/necroptosis-pathway","name":"Necroptosis"},{"@type":"Thing","url":"/nfkbpathway","name":"NFKB Signaling"},{"@type":"Thing","url":"/p38mapkpathway.html","name":"p38 Signaling"},{"@type":"Thing","url":"/tgfbetapathway","name":"TGF Beta"},{"@type":"Thing","url":"/toll-like-receptors","name":"TLR"},{"@type":"Thing","url":"/programs.html","name":"Customer Care"},{"@type":"Thing","url":"/guarantee","name":"100% Guarantee"},{"@type":"Thing","url":"/support/innovators-reward.html","name":"Risk Free Testing"},{"@type":"Thing","url":"/about/rewards.html","name":"Novus Rewards Program"},{"@type":"Thing","url":"/publications","name":"Publication Rewards Program"},{"@type":"Thing","url":"/newlab.html","name":"New Lab Discount"},{"@type":"Thing","url":"/scholarship-program.html","name":"Scholarship"},{"@type":"Thing","url":"/travelgrant.html","name":"Travel Grants"},{"@type":"Thing","url":"/products/promotions","name":"Promotions"},{"@type":"Thing","url":"/about.html","name":"About us"},{"@type":"Thing","url":"https://www.bio-techne.com/about/careers","name":"Careers"},{"@type":"Thing","url":"/about/collaborations.html","name":"Collaborations"},{"@type":"Thing","url":"/about/events","name":"Events"},{"@type":"Thing","url":"/about/novus-story.html","name":"Novus Story"},{"@type":"Thing","url":"/about/novus-team.html","name":"Our Team"},{"@type":"Thing","url":"/about/novus-philanthropy.html","name":"Philanthropy"},{"@type":"Thing","url":"/about/press-release.html","name":"Press Releases"},{"@type":"Thing","url":"/why-choose-novus.html","name":"Why choose Novus"},{"@type":"Thing","url":"/about/contact-us.html","name":"Contact Us"},{"@type":"Thing","url":"/about/contact-us.html","name":"Customer Service"},{"@type":"Thing","url":"/novus-distributors/list","name":"Distributors"},{"@type":"Thing","url":"/support/technical-support.html","name":"Technical Support"}]},{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"WPFooter","about":[{"@type":"Thing","url":"https://www.novusbio.com/productsearch/novus","name":"Antibodies"},{"@type":"Thing","url":"https://www.novusbio.com/product-type/secondary-antibodies","name":"Secondary Antibodies"},{"@type":"Thing","url":"https://www.novusbio.com/product-type/isotype-controls","name":"Isotype Controls"},{"@type":"Thing","url":"https://www.novusbio.com/product-type/peptides-and-proteins","name":"Proteins and Peptides"},{"@type":"Thing","url":"https://www.novusbio.com/product-type/elisa-kits","name":"ELISA Kits"},{"@type":"Thing","url":"https://www.novusbio.com/samplesize","name":"Sample Size"},{"@type":"Thing","url":"https://www.novusbio.comhttps://www.novusbio.com/new-product-information-page.html","name":"New Products"},{"@type":"Thing","url":"https://www.novusbio.com/about.html","name":"About Us"},{"@type":"Thing","url":"https://www.novusbio.comhttps://www.bio-techne.com/about/careers","name":"Careers"},{"@type":"Thing","url":"https://www.novusbio.com/guarantee","name":"Novus Guarantee"},{"@type":"Thing","url":"https://www.novusbio.com/about/contact-us.html","name":"Contact Us"},{"@type":"Thing","url":"https://www.novusbio.com/about/novus-team.html","name":"Our Team"},{"@type":"Thing","url":"https://www.novusbio.com/support/customer-service/privacy-policy.html","name":"Privacy Policy"},{"@type":"Thing","url":"https://www.novusbio.com/novus-bio-sitemap.html","name":"Sitemap"},{"@type":"Thing","url":"https://www.novusbio.com/about/contact-us.html","name":"Contact Us"},{"@type":"Thing","url":"https://www.novusbio.com/support/customer-service/terms.html","name":"Terms & Conditions"},{"@type":"Thing","url":"https://www.novusbio.com/support/technical-support.html","name":"Technical Support"},{"@type":"Thing","url":"https://www.novusbio.com/support/faqs.html","name":"FAQs"},{"@type":"Thing","url":"https://www.novusbio.com/webform/help-finding-antibodies","name":"Help Finding Antibodies"},{"@type":"Thing","url":"https://www.novusbio.com/support/support-by-application.html","name":"Protocols"}]},{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"WebPage","breadcrumb":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"ListItem","position":1,"item":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Thing","@id":"https://www.novusbio.com/","name":"Home"}},{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"ListItem","position":2,"item":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Thing","@id":"https://www.novusbio.com/research-areas/neuroscience","name":"Neuroscience"}}]},"potentialaction":{"query":""}}]</script> <meta name="generator" content="Drupal 7 (https://www.drupal.org)" /> <link rel="shortlink" href="https://www.novusbio.com/node/29021" /> <meta property="og:site_name" content="Novus Biologicals" /> <meta property="og:type" content="article" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.novusbio.com/research-areas/neuroscience/growth-and-development" /> <meta property="og:title" content="Growth and Development" /> <meta property="og:image" content="https://resources.bio-techne.com/images/Social/2019NovusLogo.png" /> <link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="https://www.novusbio.com/sites/novusbio.com/files/css/css_LyQQziAp-Ie-zmhrx1RDdqrlziy3o8gvzDqRXCb00hg.css" media="all" /> <link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="https://www.novusbio.com/sites/novusbio.com/files/css/css_epQTvxkLlfWLGSq94lW04RlDEK26840QgzyS2d_R_fw.css" media="all" /> <link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="https://www.novusbio.com/sites/novusbio.com/files/css/css_O34kbG7bNV2L25ZSxqya97cIYb6L-fiUUtyOnP8D4Vg.css" media="all" /> <link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="https://www.novusbio.com/sites/novusbio.com/files/css/css_8-zvMULc0G5JczOUIWkZin0svexCP7R5pWo6msP_YwM.css" media="all" /> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.novusbio.com/sites/novusbio.com/files/js/js_VUlliwzd-_is1_ryJskaiFlvPtaBpYuWsDxU6fMyUEk.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.novusbio.com/sites/novusbio.com/files/js/js_c8LbWbHV1txem3q8oAzuadnL-HiBShaQH_WRviNqT_g.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> <![CDATA[//><!]]> </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.novusbio.com/sites/novusbio.com/files/js/js_4newT8cBOK9auTS1LAR6RL1VYq1INsyOKwxSb1E2BPI.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.novusbio.com/sites/novusbio.com/files/js/js_L8lyw9KaYYTt-8qh-mBY7lce378ekr1ZVaQi2f0q5pI.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.novusbio.com/sites/novusbio.com/files/js/js_4Vv8GAuPg4M6GWetVxgFDPNPYfVcP37nnmzoZnsPOj8.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.novusbio.com/sites/novusbio.com/files/js/js_V5Fwoup1DkxxL-Rm-7is5QWj_MZhigWTY27_fmKn7S4.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.novusbio.com/sites/novusbio.com/files/js/js_Cd-6G9n7MZHe1pMqkZXBsw7rJDf_w3XQZBszSMZjV5s.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> <![CDATA[//><!]]> </script> <script type="text/javascript"> <![CDATA[//><!]]> </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.novusbio.com/sites/novusbio.com/files/js/js_dTJ57J99vIQpm9yKYgRKrebKxLHZQ0v0YQF2TKZcMBY.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.novusbio.com/sites/novusbio.com/files/js/js_sNIdssRhxhJxJxAR2Pduc4_PqOXIKZf2m8g4hyLSJ8s.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> <![CDATA[//><!]]> </script> <link rel="shortcut icon" type="image/ico" href="//images.novusbio.com/design/faviconNew.ico"/> <meta name="yandex-verification" content="e7c24419f013b549"/> </head> <body class="html not-front not-logged-in no-sidebars page-node page-node- page-node-29021 node-type-research-area" >  <noscript> <iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-52KXLL" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe> </noscript>  <div id="skip-link"> <a href="#main-content" class="element-invisible element-focusable">Skip to main content</a> </div> <noscript aria-hidden="true"><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-52KXLL" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript>  <div class="region region-bt-brands-bar"> <div id="block-bt-brands-bar-bt-brands-bar" class="block block-bt-brands-bar"> <div class="content"> <div id="bt_brands_bar"> <div class="container_16"> <div style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; width:960px;zoom:1;word-wrap:break-word;"> <ul> <li><a href="https://www.bio-techne.com" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="Bio-Techne"><div class="brandsSprite_biotechne"></div></a></li><li><a href="https://www.rndsystems.com" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="R&D Systems"><div class="brandsSprite_rndsystems"></div></a></li><li class="active"><div class="brandsSprite_novusbio_color"></div></li><li><a href="https://www.tocris.com" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="Tocris Bioscience"><div class="brandsSprite_tocris"></div></a></li><li><a href="https://www.bio-techne.com/brands/proteinsimple" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="ProteinSimple"><div class="brandsSprite_proteinsimple"></div></a></li><li><a href="https://www.biospacific.com" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="BiosPacific"><div class="brandsSprite_biospacific"></div></a></li><li><a href="https://www.cliniqa.com" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="Cliniqa"><div class="brandsSprite_cliniqa"></div></a></li><li><a href="https://acdbio.com/ " rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="ACD"><div class="brandsSprite_acd"></div></a></li><li><a href="https://www.rndheme.com" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="R&D Heme"><div class="brandsSprite_rndheme"></div></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="block-et-cookie-policy-cookie-policy" class="block block-et-cookie-policy"> <div class="content"> <div></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="overlay"></div> <div id="header"> <div class="bluewide_wrapper"> <div class="container_16"> <div class="grid_16"> <div id="top_bar"> <div class="region region-top-left-bar"> <div id="block-et-internationalization-novus-dist-short" class="block block-et-internationalization"> <div class="content"> <div id="top_bar_support_info"><noscript>Support: 1-888-506-6887</noscript></div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="top_bar_novus"> <div class="region region-top-right-bar"> <div id="block-et-quickorder-et-quickorder" class="block block-et-quickorder"> <div class="content"> <div id="quickOrder_topbar">Quick Order  <div class="fp_quickorder_arrow"></div> <div id="quickOrder_dropdown"> <p class="quickOrder_disabled">Quick order is disabled in your country. Please contact Customer Service if you have questions.</p></div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="block-et-internationalization-country-dropdown" class="block block-et-internationalization"> <div class="content"> <div id="internationalization_country_select"> <div class="internationalization_drop"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="content-wrapper" class="container_16"> <div class="grid_4"> <div id="logo"> <a href="/"><img src="//images.novusbio.com/design/novus_color_RGB_small.png" alt="Novus Biologicals Logo"></a> </div> </div> <div class="grid_12"> <div class="region region-login-area"> <div id="block-et-internationalization-sign-in" class="block block-et-internationalization"> <div class="content"> <div id="sign_in"><a href="/user/login" rel="nofollow"><noscript>Account</noscript></a></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="search_form_container"> <div class="region region-search-bar"> <div id="block-et-searchbar-et-searchbar-bar" class="block block-et-searchbar"> <div class="content"> <div class="et_searchbar_wrapper"> <form name="et_searchbar" method="GET" action="/search" class="search_form"><div class="et_searchbar"> <input autocomplete="off" name="keywords" type="text" class="et_searchbar_wide et_searchbar_default" value="" placeholder="Enter Catalog #, Protein, or Keywords." data-default="" /><input type="submit" value="search" class="fp_mag_glass_wideSearch"></div></form><div class="et_spinner_small et_searchbar_spinner"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div>  </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </div> </div> <div class="bluewide_wrapper"> <div class="container_16"> <div class="grid_16" id="main_menu"> <div class="region region-header"> <div id="block-et-main-menu-et-main-menu-block" class="block block-et-main-menu"> <div class="content"> <div id="main_menu_wrapper"> <ul id="small_menu"> <li class="main_menu_parent"> <div class="main_menu_submenu"><div id="menu_products" class="menu_drop"> <div class="mm_menu"><ul class="menu"><li class="first expanded"><span title="" class="separator"><hr></span><ul class="menu"><li class="first leaf"><a href="/support/sars-cov-research-resources" title="">COVID-19 Research Tools</a></li> <li class="expanded"><a href="/productsearch/novus" title="">Antibodies</a><ul class="menu"><li class="first expanded"><a href="/products/primary-antibodies" title="">Primary Antibodies</a><ul class="menu"><li class="first leaf"><a href="/conjugatedantibodies.html" title="">Conjugated Antibodies</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/samplesize" title="">Sample Size Antibodies</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/products/crispr-cas9-genetic-knockout-antibody-validation-reproducibility" title="">KO Validated Antibodies</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="https://www.novusbio.com/recombinant-monoclonals" title="">Recombinant Antibodies</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/product-type/antibody-packs" title="">Antibody Sampler Packs</a></li> <li class="last leaf"><a href="/product-type/antibody-pairs" title="">Antibody Pairs</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/support/GeneralSecondaryAntibodies" title="">Secondary Antibodies</a></li> <li class="last leaf"><a href="/products/isotype-controls" title="">Isotype Control Antibodies</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="expanded"><a href="/product-type/peptides-and-proteins" title="">Proteins and Peptides</a><ul class="menu"><li class="first leaf"><a href="/products/peptides-and-proteins" title="">Peptides & Proteins</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/support/blocking-with-immunizing-peptide" title="">Blocking Peptides</a></li> <li class="last leaf"><a href="/product-type/peptides-and-proteins?applications=Bioactivity" title="">Biologically Active Proteins</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="last expanded"><a href="https://www.novusbio.com/product-type/lysates" title="">Lysates and Cell Lines</a><ul class="menu"><li class="first leaf"><a href="/product-type/lysates" title="">Lysates</a></li> <li class="last leaf"><a href="/research-areas/stem-cells/stem-cell-lines.html" title="">Stem Cell Lines</a></li> </ul></li> </ul></li> <li class="last expanded"><span title="" class="separator"><hr></span><ul class="menu"><li class="first expanded"><a href="/product-type/kits" title="">Kits</a><ul class="menu"><li class="first leaf"><a href="/Lightning-Link%20Antibody%20Labeling%20Kits" title="">Antibody Labeling Kits</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/product-type/kits?category=Kits&kit_type=ChIP%20Kit" title="">ChIP Kits</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/products/elisa-kits" title="">ELISA Kits</a></li> <li class="last leaf"><a href="/product-type/kits?category=Kits&kit_type=Flow%20Cytometry%20Kit" title="">Flow Cytometry Kits</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="expanded"><a href="/product-type/support-products?category=Support%20Products&applications=Ligand%20Activation" title="">Activators and Inhibitors</a><ul class="menu"><li class="first leaf"><a href="/product-type/inhibitors" title="">Inhibitors</a></li> <li class="last leaf"><a href="/product-type/support-products?category=Support%20Products&applications=Ligand%20Activation" title="">Activators</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="expanded"><a href="/product-type/support-products" title="">Support Products</a><ul class="menu"><li class="first leaf"><a href="/research-topics/cell-biology/exosome-isolation-and-detection" title="Exosome Isolation and Detection Tools">Exosome Isolation</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/products/flow-cytometry-quality-control-beads" title="Flow Cytometry Calibration, Compensation and Cell Counting Beads">Flow Cytometry Beads</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/control-slides" title="">IHC Tissue Slides</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/tissue-microarrays" title="">IHC Microarrays</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/search?keywords=runblue" title="">Western Blot Gels & Buffers</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/product-type/wb-membranes" title="">Western Blot Membranes</a></li> <li class="last leaf"><a href="/product-type/support-products" title="">All Support Products</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="last leaf"><a href="/support/bulk-and-custom.html" title="">Bulk and Custom</a></li> </ul></li> </ul><div class="clear"></div></div> </div></div> <div class="menu_header"> <a href="/search?keywords=novus" class="main_menu_parent_link">Products</a> </div> </li> <li class="main_menu_parent"> <div class="main_menu_submenu"><div id="menu_support" class="menu_drop"> <div class="mm_menu"><a href="/support/support-by-application.html"><div class="link_button link_protocols_button">Our Protocols</div></a><ul class="menu"><li class="first expanded"><span title="" class="separator"><hr></span><ul class="menu"><li class="first last expanded"><a href="/support.html" title="">Resources</a><ul class="menu"><li class="first leaf"><a href="/support/support-by-application.html" title="">Protocols</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/support/video-protocols" title="">Video Protocols</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/support/troubleshooting" title="">Troubleshooting Guides</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/mailing-list" title="">Posters and Literature</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/support/handbooks-and-guides" title="">Handbooks and Guides</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/resources/calculators" title="">Calculators</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/support/faqs.html" title="">FAQs</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/antibody-news" title="">Blogs</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/all-diseases.html" title="">Diseases</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/whitepapers.html" title="">Whitepapers</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/webform/help-finding-antibodies" title="">Antibody Concierge</a></li> <li class="last leaf"><a href="/webinar" title="">Webinars</a></li> </ul></li> </ul></li> <li class="last expanded"><span title="" class="separator"><hr></span><ul class="menu"><li class="first expanded"><a href="/research-tools.html" title="">Tools</a><ul class="menu"><li class="first leaf"><a href="/spectraviewer" title="">Spectra Viewer</a></li> <li class="last leaf"><a href="/novusknowsflow.html" title="">Flow Cytometry Panel Builder</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="expanded"><a href="/application" title="">Application</a><ul class="menu"><li class="first leaf"><a href="/application/elisa" title="">ELISA</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/application/flow-cytometry" title="">Flow Cytometry</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="https://www.novusbio.com/products/antibodies-cytof" title="">Mass Cytometry (CyTOF)</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/application/icc" title="">ICC</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/application/ihc" title="">IHC</a></li> <li class="last leaf"><a href="/application/western-blotting" title="">Western Blotting</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="last expanded"><a href="/interviews" title="">Interviews</a><ul class="menu"><li class="first leaf"><a href="/faculty/faculty-interviews" title="">Faculty</a></li> <li class="last leaf"><a href="/postdoc/postdoc-interviews" title="">Postdoc</a></li> </ul></li> </ul></li> </ul><div class="clear"></div></div> </div></div> <div class="menu_header"> <a href="/support.html" class="main_menu_parent_link">Resources</a> </div> </li> <li class="main_menu_parent"> <div class="main_menu_submenu"><div id="menu_ra" class="menu_drop"> <div class="mm_menu"><a href="/pathwaypages.html"><div class="link_button">View Pathways</div></a><ul class="menu"><li class="first expanded"><span title="" class="separator"><hr></span><ul class="menu"><li class="first last expanded"><a href="/research-areas.html" title="">By Research Area</a><ul class="menu"><li class="first leaf"><a href="/research-areas/apoptosis" title="">Apoptosis</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/research-areas/autophagy" title="">Autophagy</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/research-areas/cancer" title="">Cancer</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/research-areas/cell-biology" title="">Cell Biology</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/research-areas/cellular-markers" title="">Cellular Markers</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/research-areas/epigenetics" title="">Epigenetics</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/research-areas/epitope-tags" title="">Epitope Tags</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/research-areas/cell-biology/Exosome-research-tools" title="Exosome Research Tools">Exosomes Research</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/research-areas/hypoxia" title="">Hypoxia</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/research-areas/immunology" title="">Immunology</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/research-areas/microbiology" title="">Microbiology</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/research-areas/neuroscience" title="">Neuroscience</a></li> <li class="last leaf"><a href="/research-areas/stem-cells" title="">Stem Cells</a></li> </ul></li> </ul></li> <li class="last expanded"><span title="" class="separator"><hr></span><ul class="menu"><li class="first last expanded"><a href="/pathwaypages.html" title="">By Pathway</a><ul class="menu"><li class="first leaf"><a href="/akt-signaling-pathway" title="">AKT </a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/apoptosis-pathway" title="">Apoptosis</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/autophagy-pathway" title="">Autophagy</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/mapkerkpathway.html" title="">ERK1/2/5 Pathway</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/hedgehogpathway.html" title="">Hedgehog</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/hippo-pathway.html" title="">Hippo</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/jnk-signaling-pathway" title="">JNK Pathway</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/mtor-pathway" title="">mTOR</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/necroptosis-pathway" title="">Necroptosis</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/nfkbpathway" title="">NFKB Signaling</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/p38mapkpathway.html" title="">p38 Signaling</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/tgfbetapathway" title="">TGF Beta</a></li> <li class="last leaf"><a href="/toll-like-receptors" title="">TLR</a></li> </ul></li> </ul></li> </ul><div class="clear"></div></div> </div></div> <div class="menu_header"> <a href="/research-areas.html" class="main_menu_parent_link">Research Areas</a> </div> </li> <li class="main_menu_parent"> <div class="main_menu_submenu"><div id="menu_promotions" class="menu_drop"> <div class="mm_menu"><a href="/about/rewards.html"><div class="link_button">Get Rewards</div></a><ul class="menu"><li class="first last expanded"><span title="" class="separator"><hr></span><ul class="menu"><li class="first last expanded"><a href="/programs.html" title="">Customer Care</a><ul class="menu"><li class="first leaf"><a href="/guarantee" title="">100% Guarantee</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/support/innovators-reward.html" title="">Risk Free Testing</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/about/rewards.html" title="">Novus Rewards Program</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/publications" title="">Publication Rewards Program</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/newlab.html" title="">New Lab Discount</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/scholarship-program.html" title="">Scholarship</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/travelgrant.html" title="">Travel Grants</a></li> <li class="last leaf"><a href="/products/promotions" title="">Promotions</a></li> </ul></li> </ul></li> </ul><div class="clear"></div></div> </div></div> <div class="menu_header"> <a href="/programs.html" class="main_menu_parent_link">Customer Care</a> </div> </li> <li class="main_menu_parent"> <div class="main_menu_submenu"><div id="menu_about" class="menu_drop"> <div class="mm_menu"><a href="/about/careers-at-novus.html"><div class="link_button">Novus Careers</div></a><ul class="menu"><li class="first last expanded"><span title="" class="separator"><hr></span><ul class="menu"><li class="first last expanded"><a href="/about.html" title="">About us</a><ul class="menu"><li class="first leaf"><a href="https://www.bio-techne.com/about/careers" title="">Careers</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/about/collaborations.html" title="">Collaborations</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/about/events" title="Events">Events</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/about/novus-story.html" title="">Novus Story</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/about/novus-team.html" title="">Our Team</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/about/novus-philanthropy.html" title="">Philanthropy</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/about/press-release.html" title="">Press Releases</a></li> <li class="last leaf"><a href="/why-choose-novus.html" title="">Why choose Novus</a></li> </ul></li> </ul></li> </ul><div class="clear"></div></div> </div></div> <div class="menu_header"> <a href="/about.html" class="main_menu_parent_link">About Us</a> </div> </li> <li class="main_menu_parent"> <div class="main_menu_submenu"><div id="menu_contact" class="menu_drop"> <div class="mm_menu"><ul class="menu"><li class="first last expanded"><span title="" class="separator"><hr></span><ul class="menu"><li class="first last expanded"><a href="/about/contact-us.html" title="">Contact Us</a><ul class="menu"><li class="first leaf"><a href="/about/contact-us.html" title="">Customer Service</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/novus-distributors/list" title="">Distributors</a></li> <li class="last leaf"><a href="/support/technical-support.html" title="">Technical Support</a></li> </ul></li> </ul></li> </ul><div class="clear"></div></div> </div></div> <div class="menu_header"> <a href="/about/contact-us.html" class="main_menu_parent_link">Contact</a> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="caspertesting"> <div class="container_16"> <div id="page-breadcrumb" class="grid_16"> <div class="breadcrumb"><a href="/">Home</a> » <a href="/research-areas.html">Research Areas</a> » <a href="/research-areas/neuroscience.html">Neuroscience</a> » Growth and Development</div> <div class="region region-banners"> <div id="block-block-26" class="block block-block"> <div class="content"> <div class="container_12"><a href="https://www.bio-techne.com/account/novus-bio-techne/login?_ga=2.17257593.151271452<br />
5.1724696046-473375462.1712005244" style="margin: 0 10px;" target="_blank"><img alt="Novus Biologicals products are now on bio-techne.com" src="https://images.novusbio.com/design/ready-to-buy-novus-products-login.png" style="height:120px; width:940px" /></a></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> <div class="ra-header"><img src="https://images.novusbio.com/design/bannerNeuroscience03.jpg" class="ra-header" alt="Growth and Development" /></div> </div> <div class="main grid_4"> <div class="ra-menu"><ul><li><a href="/research-areas/neuroscience">Neuroscience</a></li><li><a href="/research-areas/neuroscience/circadian-rhythm.html">Circadian Rhythm</a></li><li><a href="/research-areas/neuroscience/cognition-and-behavior">Cognition and Behavior </a></li><li class="active"><a href="/research-areas/neuroscience/growth-and-development">Growth and Development</a></li><li><a href="/research-areas/neuroscience/neural-stem-cell.html">Neural Stem Cells</a></li><li><a href="/research-areas/neuroscience/neurodegeneration">Neurodegeneration</a></li><li><a href="/research-areas/neuroscience/neuroendocrinology">Neuroendocrinology </a></li><li><a href="/research-areas/neuroscience/neuroscience-cell-identity-markers">Neuroscience Cell Identity Markers</a></li><li><a href="/research-areas/neuroscience/neuroscience-neuronal-subtype-markers">Neuronal Subtype Markers</a></li><li><a href="/research-areas/neuroscience/neurotransmission.html">Neurotransmission</a></li><li><a href="/research-areas/neuroscience/potassium-channels.html">Potassium Channels</a></li><li><a href="/research-areas/neuroscience/resources">Resources</a></li><li><a href="/research-areas/neuroscience/sensory-systems">Sensory Systems</a></li></ul></div><div class="ra-publications"><div class="ra-left-header">Publications</div><div class="ra-left-body"><ul class="ra-publist"><li><a href="https://www.novusbio.com/support/astrocyte-development-poster" target="_blank"><img src="https://images.novusbio.com/design/PS_glial-development_thumb5.jpg " /></a></li><li><a href="https://www.novusbio.com/support/alzheimers-disease-poster" target="_blank"><img src="https://images.novusbio.com/design/AlzheimerPosterThumb2.jpg " /></a></li></ul></div></div><div class="ra-charities"><div class="ra-left-header">Charities</div><div class="ra-left-body"><span class="ra-button-span"><a href="mailto:marketing@novusbio.com?subject=Charity%20Submission%20for%20Growth+and+Development" class="ra-button">Submit a Charity</a></span><div class="clear"></div></div></div><div class="ra-events"><div class="ra-left-header">Events</div><div class="ra-left-body"><p class="ra-events-blurb"><span class="ra-events-image"> </span>Submit your event on Growth and Development to be featured.</p><span class="ra-button-span"><a href="mailto:marketing@novusbio.com?subject=Event%20Submission%20for%20Growth+and+Development&body%3DEvent%20Name%3A%0ADescription%3A%0ADates%3A%0ATime%3A%0ALocation%3A%0AMore%20information%20URL%3A%0AImage%20%28please%20attach%20any%20relevant%20images%29" class="ra-button">Submit an Event</a></span><div class="clear"></div></div></div> </div> <div class="main grid_12"> <div class="ra-header-block"><span class="ra-header"></span><br/><span class="ra-viewall ra-sprite"></span><a href="/research-area/Growth and Development" class="view-all-research">See all Growth and Development Products</a></div><div class="clear"></div><p>Mammalian brain development begins at the time of stem cell differentiation and continues through the majority of our lifespan. Brain development relies on an elaborate series of dynamic processes to compose new neural structures that are high functioning.  Novus carries antibodies for the study of neuronal growth, axonal guidance and maturation, neural adhesion and more.   </p> <table class="alternate blueTop wide withGrid" style="width:685px"> <tbody> <tr> <th colspan="3">Antibodies for Neurogenesis</th> </tr> <tr> <td class="rtecenter" style="width:226px"><a href="https://www.novusbio.com/productsearch/adam17">ADAM17</a></td> <td class="rtecenter" style="width:227px"><a href="https://www.novusbio.com/productsearch/BDNF">BDNF</a></td> <td class="rtecenter" style="width:214px"><a href="https://www.novusbio.com/productsearch/Doublecortin">Doublecortin</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="rtecenter" style="width:226px"><a href="https://www.novusbio.com/productsearch/FGF2">FGF2</a></td> <td class="rtecenter" style="width:227px"><a href="https://www.novusbio.com/productsearch/GFAP">GFAP</a></td> <td class="rtecenter" style="width:214px"><a href="https://www.novusbio.com/productsearch/Ki67">Ki67</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="rtecenter" style="width:226px"><a href="https://www.novusbio.com/productsearch/Neurotrophin-3">Neurotrophin-3</a></td> <td class="rtecenter" style="width:227px"><a href="https://www.novusbio.com/productsearch/Neurotrophin-4">Neurotrophin-4</a></td> <td class="rtecenter" style="width:214px"><a href="https://www.novusbio.com/productsearch/NGF">NGF</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="rtecenter" style="width:226px"><a href="https://www.novusbio.com/productsearch/NES">NES</a></td> <td class="rtecenter" style="width:227px"><a href="https://www.novusbio.com/productsearch/NeuN">NeuN</a></td> <td class="rtecenter" style="width:214px"><a href="https://www.novusbio.com/productsearch/Notch">Notch</a></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p> </p> <table class="alternate blueTop wide withGrid" style="width:685px"> <tbody> <tr> <th colspan="3">Antibodies for Axon Guidance and Development</th> </tr> <tr> <td class="rtecenter" style="width:228px"><a href="https://www.novusbio.com/productsearch/DCC">DCC</a></td> <td class="rtecenter" style="width:227px"><a href="https://www.novusbio.com/productsearch/F-Spondin">F-Spondin</a></td> <td class="rtecenter" style="width:212px"><a href="https://www.novusbio.com/productsearch/GAP-43">GAP-43</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="rtecenter" style="width:228px"><a href="https://www.novusbio.com/productsearch/N-Cadherin">N-Cadherin</a></td> <td class="rtecenter" style="width:227px"><a href="https://www.novusbio.com/productsearch/NCAM">NCAM</a></td> <td class="rtecenter" style="width:212px"><a href="https://www.novusbio.com/productsearch/Netrin-1">Netrin-1</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="rtecenter" style="width:228px"><a href="https://www.novusbio.com/productsearch/Neurocan">Neurocan</a></td> <td class="rtecenter" style="width:227px"><a href="https://www.novusbio.com/productsearch/Neurofascin">Neurofascin</a></td> <td class="rtecenter" style="width:212px"><a href="https://www.novusbio.com/productsearch/NRP1">NRP1</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="rtecenter" style="width:228px"><a href="https://www.novusbio.com/productsearch/NTN1">NTN1</a></td> <td class="rtecenter" style="width:227px"><a href="https://www.novusbio.com/productsearch/Sema3A">Sema3A</a></td> <td class="rtecenter" style="width:212px"><a href="https://www.novusbio.com/productsearch/Sema6A">Sema6A</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="rtecenter" style="width:228px"><a href="https://www.novusbio.com/productsearch/Stathmin-2">Stathmin-2</a></td> <td class="rtecenter" style="width:227px"><a href="https://www.novusbio.com/productsearch/SLIT3">SLIT3</a></td> <td class="rtecenter" style="width:212px"><a href="https://www.novusbio.com/productsearch/WNT">WNT</a></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p> </p> <table class="alternate blueTop wide withGrid" style="width:685px"> <tbody> <tr> <th colspan="3">Antibodies for Neurotrophic Growth Factors</th> </tr> <tr> <td class="rtecenter" style="width:229px"><a href="https://www.novusbio.com/productsearch/akt">Akt</a></td> <td class="rtecenter" style="width:227px"><a href="https://www.novusbio.com/productsearch/akt#fq=common_name%3A%22AKT1%22">Akt1</a></td> <td class="rtecenter" style="width:211px"><a href="https://www.novusbio.com/productsearch/akt#fq=common_name%3A%22AKT2%22">Akt2</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="rtecenter" style="width:229px"><a href="https://www.novusbio.com/productsearch/akt#fq=common_name%3A%22AKT3%22">Akt3</a></td> <td class="rtecenter" style="width:227px"><a href="https://www.novusbio.com/productsearch/BDNF">BDNF</a></td> <td class="rtecenter" style="width:211px"><a href="https://www.novusbio.com/productsearch/ERK#fq=common_name%3A%22ERK1%22">ERK</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="rtecenter" style="width:229px"><a href="https://www.novusbio.com/productsearch/ERK#fq=common_name%3A%22ERK1%2FERK2%22">ERK1/2</a></td> <td class="rtecenter" style="width:227px"><a href="https://www.novusbio.com/productsearch/GDNF#fq=category%3A%22Primary%20Antibodies%22">GDNF</a></td> <td class="rtecenter" style="width:211px"><a href="https://www.novusbio.com/productsearch/JNK1">JNK1</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="rtecenter" style="width:229px"><a href="https://www.novusbio.com/productsearch/JNK2">JNK2</a></td> <td class="rtecenter" style="width:227px"><a href="https://www.novusbio.com/productsearch/NT-3#fq=category%3A%22Primary%20Antibodies%22&fq=common_name%3A%22Neurotrophin%203%22">Neurotrophin-3</a></td> <td class="rtecenter" style="width:211px"><a href="https://www.novusbio.com/productsearch/TGFB1">TGFB1</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="rtecenter" style="width:229px"><a href="https://www.novusbio.com/productsearch/TrkA">TrkA</a></td> <td class="rtecenter" style="width:227px"><a href="https://www.novusbio.com/productsearch/TrkB">TrkB</a></td> <td class="rtecenter" style="width:211px"><a href="https://www.novusbio.com/productsearch/TrkC">TrkC</a></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p> </p> <table class="alternate blueTop wide withGrid" style="width:685px"> <tbody> <tr> <th colspan="3">Antibodies for Neural Stem Cells</th> </tr> <tr> <td class="rtecenter" style="width:229px"><a href="https://www.novusbio.com/productsearch/ABCG2">ABCG2</a></td> <td class="rtecenter" style="width:228px"><a href="https://www.novusbio.com/productsearch/Beta%20III%20Tubulin">Beta III Tubulin</a></td> <td class="rtecenter" style="width:210px"><a href="https://www.novusbio.com/productsearch/BMI1">BMI1</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="rtecenter" style="width:229px"><a href="https://www.novusbio.com/productsearch/CEND1">CEND1</a></td> <td class="rtecenter" style="width:228px"><a href="https://www.novusbio.com/productsearch/FABP7">FABP7</a></td> <td class="rtecenter" style="width:210px"><a href="https://www.novusbio.com/productsearch/MAP2">MAP2</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="rtecenter" style="width:229px"><a href="https://www.novusbio.com/productsearch/MELK">MELK</a></td> <td class="rtecenter" style="width:228px"><a href="https://www.novusbio.com/productsearch/Musashi-1">Musashi-1</a></td> <td class="rtecenter" style="width:210px"><a href="https://www.novusbio.com/productsearch/Nestin%20">Nestin </a></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="rtecenter" style="width:229px"><a href="https://www.novusbio.com/productsearch/PAX6">PAX6</a></td> <td class="rtecenter" style="width:228px"><a href="https://www.novusbio.com/productsearch/S100B">S100B</a></td> <td class="rtecenter" style="width:210px"><a href="https://www.novusbio.com/productsearch/S100A4">S100A4</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="rtecenter" style="width:229px"><a href="https://www.novusbio.com/productsearch/SOX1">SOX1</a></td> <td class="rtecenter" style="width:228px"><a href="https://www.novusbio.com/productsearch/SOX2">SOX2</a></td> <td class="rtecenter" style="width:210px"><a href="https://www.novusbio.com/productsearch/Vimentin%20">Vimentin </a></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <div class="ra-product-block"></div> </div> </div> <div id="novus_footer_line"></div>  </div> <div class="container_16"> <div id="footer"> <div class="grid_16 text_center"> <div class="fp_horzline"></div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> <div class="grid_16"> <table class="footer_boxes"> <tr> <th>Popular Products</th> <th>Company Information</th> <th>Support</th> <th>Stay Connected</th> </tr> <tr> <td> <ul class='links'><li><a href="/productsearch/novus">Antibodies</a></li><li><a href="/product-type/secondary-antibodies">Secondary Antibodies</a></li><li><a href="/product-type/isotype-controls">Isotype Controls</a></li><li><a href="/product-type/peptides-and-proteins">Proteins and Peptides</a></li><li><a href="/product-type/elisa-kits">ELISA Kits</a></li><li><a href="/samplesize">Sample Size</a></li><li><a href="https://www.novusbio.com/new-product-information-page.html">New Products</a></li> </ul> </td> <td> <ul class='links'><li><a href="/about.html">About Us</a></li><li><a href="https://www.bio-techne.com/about/careers">Careers</a></li><li><a href="/guarantee">Novus Guarantee</a></li><li><a href="/about/contact-us.html">Contact Us</a></li><li><a href="/about/novus-team.html">Our Team</a></li> </ul> </td> <td> <ul class='links'><li><a href="/support/technical-support.html">Technical Support</a></li><li><a href="/support/faqs.html">FAQs</a></li><li><a href="/webform/help-finding-antibodies">Help Finding Antibodies</a></li><li><a href="/support/support-by-application.html">Protocols</a></li> </ul> </td> <td id="footer_social_links"> </td> </tr> </table> </div> <div class="clear"></div> <div class="grid_16"> <div id="GTS_CONTAINER" style="float: right;margin-top: 10px;"></div> <div id="footer_officeinfo"> </div> <div class="fp_horzline"></div> <div class="footer_othersites"> <p>Visit our other sites</p> <a href="https://www.bio-techne.com/" target="_blank"><div class="fp_biotechne"></div></a> <a href="https://www.rndsystems.com/"><div class="fp_rnd"></div></a> <a href="https://www.novusbio.com/" target="_blank"><div class="fp_novus"></div></a> <a href="https://www.tocris.com/" target="_blank"><div class="fp_tocris"></div></a> <a href="https://www.bio-techne.com/brands/proteinsimple" target="_blank"><div class="fp_proteinSimple"></div></a> <a href="http://www.biospacific.com/" target="_blank"><div class="fp_biospacific"></div></a>  <a href="http://www.acdbio.com/" target="_blank"><div class="fp_acd"></div></a> <a href="https://www.rndheme.com/" target="_blank"><div class="fp_rndcc"></div></a> </div> <div class="text_center"> <div class="fp_horzline"></div> </div> <div class="copyright">©2024 Novus Biologicals, All Rights Reserved.</div> <div class="footer_legal"> <ul class="links"><li class="menu-47946 first"><a href="/support/customer-service/privacy-policy.html" title="">Privacy Policy</a></li> <li class="menu-47956"><a href="/novus-bio-sitemap.html" title="">Sitemap</a></li> <li class="menu-47951"><a href="/about/contact-us.html" title="">Contact Us</a></li> <li class="menu-47941 last"><a href="/support/customer-service/terms.html" title="">Terms & Conditions</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </div> </div> </div> <script type="text/javascript"> <![CDATA[//><!]]> </script> <script type="text/javascript">window.NREUM||(NREUM={});NREUM.info={"beacon":"bam.nr-data.net","licenseKey":"76fb58fb05","applicationID":"788348554,30870807","transactionName":"YFdbZBFZXxdWAhAMVlkdeFMXUV4KGA8LAVxoQlhXBmdHDVIW","queueTime":21,"applicationTime":223,"atts":"TBBYEllDTBk=","errorBeacon":"bam.nr-data.net","agent":""}</script></body> </html>