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</div> <header role="banner" class="header"> <div class="header__row"> <a class="header__logo" href="/web/20211113183723/https://publicationethics.org/" title="Home" rel="home">COPE</a> <input class="header__toggle header__search-toggle" id="header__search-toggle" type="radio" name="header__toggle"/> <label class="header__toggle-btn header__search-toggle-btn" for="header__search-toggle">Show search</label> <input class="header__toggle header__menu-toggle" id="header__menu-toggle" type="radio" name="header__toggle"/> <label class="header__toggle-btn header__menu-toggle-btn" for="header__menu-toggle">Show menu</label> <input class="header__toggle header__close-toggle" id="header__close-toggle" type="radio" name="header__toggle" checked/> <label class="header__toggle-btn header__close-toggle-btn" for="header__close-toggle">Close</label> <div class="header__menu"> <ul class="menu"><li class="first expanded active-trail"><input type="radio" name="cope-menu-expander" 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hero--dark"> <div class="hero__row"> <div class="hero__col"> <div class="hero__breadcrumb"> <h2 class="element-invisible">You are here</h2><p class="breadcrumb"><a href="/web/20211113183723/https://publicationethics.org/">Home</a> <span title="Search through our collection of resources which make up all guidance issued by COPE." class="nolink">Guidance</span></p> </div> <div class="hero__title"> <a id="main-content"></a> <h1 id="page-title">Guidelines</h1> </div> <div class="hero__lead"> <div class="rich-text"><p>COPE Guidelines are formal COPE policy and are intended to advise editors and publishers on expected publication ethics practices.</p> </div> </div> <div class="hero__bottom"> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="page-main"> <div class="page-main__row"> <div class="page-main__col"> <main> <section id="content" class="region region-content"> <div id="block-system-main" class="block block-system clearfix"> <div class="content"> <form class="search-header__guidance-form" 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reproducibility </label> </div> <div class="form-item form-type-checkbox form-item-classification-"> <input type="checkbox" id="edit-classification--6" name="classification[]" value="2776" class="form-checkbox"/> <label class="option" for="edit-classification--6">Ethical oversight </label> </div> <div class="form-item form-type-checkbox form-item-classification-"> <input type="checkbox" id="edit-classification--7" name="classification[]" value="2777" class="form-checkbox"/> <label class="option" for="edit-classification--7">Intellectual property </label> </div> <div class="form-item form-type-checkbox form-item-classification-"> <input type="checkbox" id="edit-classification--8" name="classification[]" value="2778" class="form-checkbox"/> <label class="option" for="edit-classification--8">Journal management </label> </div> <div class="form-item form-type-checkbox form-item-classification-"> <input type="checkbox" id="edit-classification--9" name="classification[]" value="2779" class="form-checkbox"/> <label class="option" for="edit-classification--9">Peer review processes </label> </div> <div class="form-item form-type-checkbox form-item-classification-"> <input type="checkbox" id="edit-classification--10" name="classification[]" value="2780" class="form-checkbox"/> <label class="option" for="edit-classification--10">Post-publication discussions and corrections </label> </div> <button type="submit" class="search-header__filters__submit">Apply filters</button></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="search-header__applied-facets"> </div> <div class="search-header__bottom"> <div class="search-header__showing">Showing <em>1–14 of 14</em> results</div> <div class="search-header__sort"> <div class="form-item form-type-select form-item-sort"> <label>Order by </label> <select name="sort" class="form-select"><option value="score" selected="selected">Relevancy</option><option value="date">Date</option><option value="title">Title</option></select> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div></form><ul class="search-results"><li><div class="search-result"> <div class="search-result__header"> <div class="search-result__type"> Guidelines </div> </div> <h2 class="search-result__title"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211113183723/https://publicationethics.org/resources/guidelines/editing-peer-reviews">Editing peer reviews</a> </h2> <div class="search-result__snippet"> The COPE guidelines “Editing peer reviews“ are intended to advise editors, publishers, and researchers on expected practices and appropriate circumstances regarding the editing of peer reviews. The guidelines look at the need for journals to amend peer reviews, and provide insight into situations where this might be an appropriate course of action. Journals should have clear policies on… </div> <div class="search-result__classifications"> <ul> </ul> </div> <div class="search-result__cta"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20211113183723/https://publicationethics.org/resources/guidelines/editing-peer-reviews">View web version</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </li><li><div class="search-result"> <div class="search-result__header"> <div class="search-result__type"> Guidelines </div> </div> <h2 class="search-result__title"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211113183723/https://publicationethics.org/resources/guidelines/editorial-board-participation">Editorial board participation</a> </h2> <div class="search-result__snippet"> These COPE Guidelines provide an overview of editorial board appointment and engagement, roles and responsibilities, and key details to consider during recruitment such as participation on multiple editorial boards. COPE Guidelines are formal COPE policy and are intended to advise editors and publishers on expected publication ethics practice. Key points Editorial ro… </div> <div class="search-result__classifications"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20211113183723/https://publicationethics.org/guidance?classification=2774">Conflicts of interest / Competing interests</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20211113183723/https://publicationethics.org/guidance?classification=2778">Journal management</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="search-result__cta"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20211113183723/https://publicationethics.org/resources/guidelines/editorial-board-participation">View web version</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211113183723/https://publicationethics.org/files/editorial-board-participation-cope-guideline.pdf">Download PDF</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </li><li><div class="search-result"> <div class="search-result__header"> <div class="search-result__type"> Guidelines </div> </div> <h2 class="search-result__title"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211113183723/https://publicationethics.org/resources/guidelines/guidelines-managing-relationships-between-society-owned-journals-their-society">Guidelines for managing the relationships between society owned journals, their society, and publishers</a> </h2> <div class="search-result__snippet"> The journals of ‘Learned Societies’ and ‘Professional Associations’ are an important part of the scientific literature. Regardless of the publication arrangements (ie, self-published by the society, published under contract with a professional publishing house, or some combination of both) and the number of journals affiliated with that society, the policies of and the relationships among the j… </div> <div class="search-result__classifications"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20211113183723/https://publicationethics.org/guidance?classification=2778">Journal management</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="search-result__cta"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20211113183723/https://publicationethics.org/resources/guidelines/guidelines-managing-relationships-between-society-owned-journals-their-society">View web version</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211113183723/https://publicationethics.org/files/guidelines-managing-relationships-societyjournals-society-publishers-v1.pdf">Download PDF</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </li><li><div class="search-result"> <div class="search-result__header"> <div class="search-result__type"> Guidelines </div> </div> <h2 class="search-result__title"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211113183723/https://publicationethics.org/resources/guidelines-new/principles-transparency-and-best-practice-scholarly-publishing">Principles of Transparency and Best Practice in Scholarly Publishing</a> </h2> <div class="search-result__snippet"> Introduction The Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE), the Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ), the Open Access Scholarly Publishers Association (OASPA), and the World Association of Medical Editors (WAME) are scholarly o… </div> <div class="search-result__classifications"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20211113183723/https://publicationethics.org/guidance?classification=2776">Ethical oversight</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20211113183723/https://publicationethics.org/guidance?classification=2778">Journal management</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="search-result__cta"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20211113183723/https://publicationethics.org/resources/guidelines-new/principles-transparency-and-best-practice-scholarly-publishing">View web version</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </li><li><div class="search-result"> <div class="search-result__header"> <div class="search-result__type"> Guidelines </div> </div> <h2 class="search-result__title"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211113183723/https://publicationethics.org/resources/guidelines/journals%E2%80%99-best-practices-ensuring-consent-publishing-medical-case-reports">Journals’ Best Practices for ensuring consent for publishing medical case reports: guidance from COPE</a> </h2> <div class="search-result__snippet"> Introduction The publication of case reports is a common practice in medical journals, and increasingly in basic science journals when an article illustrates a specific scientific point (e.g., a genetic phenotype). There is no doubt that case reports are valuable in the academic literature. However, they pose a specific ethical challenge for journals because, by their ve… </div> <div class="search-result__classifications"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20211113183723/https://publicationethics.org/guidance?classification=2776">Ethical oversight</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20211113183723/https://publicationethics.org/guidance?classification=2777">Intellectual property</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="search-result__cta"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20211113183723/https://publicationethics.org/resources/guidelines/journals%E2%80%99-best-practices-ensuring-consent-publishing-medical-case-reports">View web version</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211113183723/https://publicationethics.org/files/Best_Practices_for_Ensuring_Consent_for_Publishing_Medical_Case_Reports_guidance_from_COPE.pdf">Download PDF</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </li><li><div class="search-result"> <div class="search-result__header"> <div class="search-result__type"> Guidelines </div> </div> <h2 class="search-result__title"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211113183723/https://publicationethics.org/resources/guidelines/sharing-information-among-editors-chief-regarding-possible-misconduct">Sharing of information among editors-in-chief regarding possible misconduct</a> </h2> <div class="search-result__snippet"> This guidance has been drafted following a COPE Discussion Forum in 2013, and Discussion Document in 2014 on the subject, and it was initiated in the wake of a number of high-profile cases of research misconduct in which the sharing of information between the relevant editors-in-chief (EiCs) was crucial to the final settlement of the cases. Background Sharing of information amon… </div> <div class="search-result__classifications"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20211113183723/https://publicationethics.org/guidance?classification=2771">Allegations of misconduct</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20211113183723/https://publicationethics.org/guidance?classification=2773">Complaints and appeals</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20211113183723/https://publicationethics.org/guidance?classification=2774">Conflicts of interest / Competing interests</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20211113183723/https://publicationethics.org/guidance?classification=2776">Ethical oversight</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="search-result__cta"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20211113183723/https://publicationethics.org/resources/guidelines/sharing-information-among-editors-chief-regarding-possible-misconduct">View web version</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211113183723/https://publicationethics.org/files/editors-sharing-information-on-possible-misconduct-cope-guidelines.pdf">Download PDF</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </li><li><div class="search-result"> <div class="search-result__header"> <div class="search-result__type"> Guidelines </div> </div> <h2 class="search-result__title"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211113183723/https://publicationethics.org/resources/guidelines-new/text-recycling-guidelines-editors-0">Text recycling guidelines for editors</a> </h2> <div class="search-result__snippet"> A common issue encountered by editors is overlap of text with an author’s own previously published work, particularly with the increasing use of plagiarism detection software. This practice is known as ‘text recycling’ (also sometimes referred to as ‘self-plagiarism’). Opinions on the acceptability of text recycling vary greatly and it can be a challenge for editors to know how to deal with it… </div> <div class="search-result__classifications"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20211113183723/https://publicationethics.org/guidance?classification=2777">Intellectual property</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="search-result__cta"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20211113183723/https://publicationethics.org/resources/guidelines-new/text-recycling-guidelines-editors-0">View web version</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211113183723/https://publicationethics.org/files/Web_A29298_COPE_Text_Recycling.pdf">Download PDF</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </li><li><div class="search-result"> <div class="search-result__header"> <div class="search-result__type"> Guidelines </div> </div> <h2 class="search-result__title"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211113183723/https://publicationethics.org/resources/guidelines-new/short-guide-ethical-editing-new-editors">A short guide to ethical editing for new editors</a> </h2> <div class="search-result__snippet"> Background/structure Becoming an editor of a journal is an exciting but daunting task, especially if you are working alone without day to day contact with editorial colleagues. This short guide aims to summarise key issues and to provide links to relevant pages of the COPE website as well as those of other organisations. 1. Initial assessment of journal wh… </div> <div class="search-result__classifications"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20211113183723/https://publicationethics.org/guidance?classification=2776">Ethical oversight</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20211113183723/https://publicationethics.org/guidance?classification=2778">Journal management</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="search-result__cta"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20211113183723/https://publicationethics.org/resources/guidelines-new/short-guide-ethical-editing-new-editors">View web version</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211113183723/https://publicationethics.org/files/COPE_G_A4_SG_Ethical_Editing_May19_SCREEN_AW-website.pdf">Download PDF</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </li><li><div class="search-result"> <div class="search-result__header"> <div class="search-result__type"> Guidelines </div> </div> <h2 class="search-result__title"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211113183723/https://publicationethics.org/resources/guidelines-new/guidance-editors-research-audit-and-service-evaluations">Guidance for Editors: research, audit and service evaluations</a> </h2> <div class="search-result__snippet"> Regulations regarding what type of study requires ethical approval vary worldwide. In some countries all studies require ethical approval but in others not. This may lead to submission to journals of manuscripts relating to such studies that do not satisfy the journal’s normal requirement for independent ethical approval, and rejection of the manuscript because of misunderstanding of local regu… </div> <div class="search-result__classifications"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20211113183723/https://publicationethics.org/guidance?classification=2778">Journal management</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="search-result__cta"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20211113183723/https://publicationethics.org/resources/guidelines-new/guidance-editors-research-audit-and-service-evaluations">View web version</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211113183723/https://publicationethics.org/files/Guidance_for_Editors_Research_Audit_and_Service_Evaluations_v2_0.pdf">Download PDF</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </li><li><div class="search-result"> <div class="search-result__header"> <div class="search-result__type"> Guidelines </div> </div> <h2 class="search-result__title"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211113183723/https://publicationethics.org/resources/guidelines-new/cooperation-between-research-institutions-and-journals-research-integrity">Cooperation between research institutions and journals on research integrity cases: guidance COPE</a> </h2> <div class="search-result__snippet"> Summary Institutions and journals both have important duties relating to research and publication misconduct. Institutions are responsible for the conduct of their researchers and for encouraging a healthy research environment. Journals are responsible for the conduct of their editors, for safeguarding the research record, and for ensuring the reliability of everything t… </div> <div class="search-result__classifications"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20211113183723/https://publicationethics.org/guidance?classification=2776">Ethical oversight</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="search-result__cta"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20211113183723/https://publicationethics.org/resources/guidelines-new/cooperation-between-research-institutions-and-journals-research-integrity">View web version</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211113183723/https://publicationethics.org/files/Research_institutions_guidelines_final_0_0.pdf">Download PDF</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </li><li><div class="search-result"> <div class="search-result__header"> <div class="search-result__type"> Guidelines </div> </div> <h2 class="search-result__title"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211113183723/https://publicationethics.org/resources/guidelines-new/guidelines-board-directors-learned-society-journals">Guidelines for the Board of Directors of Learned Society Journals</a> </h2> <div class="search-result__snippet"> The journals of Learned Societies are an important part of the scientific literature. Their management should be of the highest quality and ethically sound. First, the relationship of Editors of the journals of Learned Societies to those Societies is often complex. However, notwithstanding the economic and political realities of their journals, directors of Learned Societies should respe… </div> <div class="search-result__classifications"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20211113183723/https://publicationethics.org/guidance?classification=2778">Journal management</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="search-result__cta"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20211113183723/https://publicationethics.org/resources/guidelines-new/guidelines-board-directors-learned-society-journals">View web version</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211113183723/https://publicationethics.org/files/Learned_Society_Guidelines_0.pdf">Download PDF</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </li><li><div class="search-result"> <div class="search-result__header"> <div class="search-result__type"> Guidelines </div> </div> <h2 class="search-result__title"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211113183723/https://publicationethics.org/resources/guidelines-new/how-handle-authorship-disputesa-guide-new-researchers">How to handle authorship disputes: a guide for new researchers</a> </h2> <div class="search-result__snippet"> One of the main tasks of COPE’s education committee is to reduce unethical behaviour. This involves the rather bold step of defining when people have been behaving unethically, and then providing suggestions on how they can avoid doing so in the future. To this end we have written, and tested on a group of authors, a guide for young researchers on the area of authorship, which many people agree… </div> <div class="search-result__classifications"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20211113183723/https://publicationethics.org/guidance?classification=2772">Authorship and contributorship</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="search-result__cta"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20211113183723/https://publicationethics.org/resources/guidelines-new/how-handle-authorship-disputesa-guide-new-researchers">View web version</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211113183723/https://publicationethics.org/files/2003pdf12_0.pdf">Download PDF</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </li><li><div class="search-result"> <div class="search-result__header"> <div class="search-result__type"> Guidelines </div> </div> <h2 class="search-result__title"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211113183723/https://publicationethics.org/resources/guidelines-new/cope-ethical-guidelines-peer-reviewers">Ethical guidelines for peer reviewers (English)</a> </h2> <div class="search-result__snippet"> Peer review in all its forms plays an important role in ensuring the integrity of the scholarly record. The process depends to a large extent on trust, and requires that everyone involved behaves responsibly and ethically. Peer reviewers play a central and critical part in the peer-review process, but too often come to the role without any guidance and unaware of their ethical obligations. COPE… </div> <div class="search-result__classifications"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20211113183723/https://publicationethics.org/guidance?classification=2779">Peer review processes</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="search-result__cta"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20211113183723/https://publicationethics.org/resources/guidelines-new/cope-ethical-guidelines-peer-reviewers">View web version</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211113183723/https://publicationethics.org/files/cope-ethical-guidelines-peer-reviewers-v2_0.pdf">Download PDF</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </li><li><div class="search-result"> <div class="search-result__header"> <div class="search-result__type"> Guidelines </div> </div> <h2 class="search-result__title"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211113183723/https://publicationethics.org/retraction-guidelines">Retraction guidelines</a> </h2> <div class="search-result__snippet"> …COPE's Retraction guidelines for advice and guidance for editors: when should a retraction be considered, what to include in a notice, how quickly to issue a retraction, who should issue a retraction, and what to do when there is inconclusive evidence of a retraction. COPE Guidelines are formal COPE policy and are intended to advise editors and publishers on expected publication et… </div> <div class="search-result__classifications"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20211113183723/https://publicationethics.org/guidance?classification=2780">Post-publication discussions and corrections</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="search-result__cta"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20211113183723/https://publicationethics.org/retraction-guidelines">View web version</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </li></ul> </div> </div> </section> </main> </div> </div> </div> <footer class="footer"> <div class="footer__outer"> <div class="footer__row"> <div class="footer__col"> <div class="footer__menu"> <h2>Useful links</h2> <ul class="links menu-site-map"><li class="menu-4141 first"><a href="/web/20211113183723/https://publicationethics.org/become-member" title="">Become a member</a></li> <li class="menu-4140"><a href="/web/20211113183723/https://publicationethics.org/contact-us" title="">Contact 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