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<li id="toc-Background_to_the_Mass_of_the_Roman_Rite" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Background_to_the_Mass_of_the_Roman_Rite"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Background to the Mass of the Roman Rite</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Background_to_the_Mass_of_the_Roman_Rite-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Developments_in_Belgium_and_Germany" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Developments_in_Belgium_and_Germany"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Developments in Belgium and Germany</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Developments_in_Belgium_and_Germany-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Second_Vatican_Council" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Second_Vatican_Council"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Second Vatican Council</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Second_Vatican_Council-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Effect_on_church_architecture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Effect_on_church_architecture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Effect on church architecture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Effect_on_church_architecture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Effect on church architecture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Effect_on_church_architecture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Reordering_of_churches" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reordering_of_churches"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Reordering of churches</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reordering_of_churches-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Building_of_new_churches" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Building_of_new_churches"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Building of new churches</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Building_of_new_churches-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Status_of_Modernist_churches" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Status_of_Modernist_churches"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Status of Modernist churches</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Status_of_Modernist_churches-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Criticism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a 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class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Anglican_Communion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Anglican_Communion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Anglican Communion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Anglican_Communion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Influence_and_criticisms" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Influence_and_criticisms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Influence and criticisms</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Influence_and_criticisms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-See_also-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle See also subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Individuals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Individuals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Individuals</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Individuals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Concepts_and_movements" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Concepts_and_movements"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Concepts and movements</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Concepts_and_movements-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" 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href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liturgische_Bewegung" title="Liturgische Bewegung – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Liturgische Bewegung" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Movimiento_lit%C3%BArgico" title="Movimiento litúrgico – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Movimiento litúrgico" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mouvement_liturgique" title="Mouvement liturgique – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Mouvement liturgique" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerakan_liturgi" title="Gerakan liturgi – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Gerakan liturgi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Movimento_liturgico" title="Movimento liturgico – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Movimento liturgico" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liturgische_Beweging" title="Liturgische Beweging – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Liturgische Beweging" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruch_liturgiczny" title="Ruch liturgiczny – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Ruch liturgiczny" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Литургическое движение – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Литургическое движение" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liturgick%C3%A9_hnutie" title="Liturgické hnutie – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Liturgické hnutie" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liturginen_liike" title="Liturginen liike – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Liturginen liike" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1669775#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" 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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">19th- and 20th-century Christian movement</div> <p>The <b>Liturgical Movement</b> was a 19th-century and 20th-century movement of scholarship for the reform of <a href="/wiki/Worship" title="Worship">worship</a>. It began in the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a> and spread to many other <a href="/wiki/Christian_church" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian church">Christian churches</a> including the <a href="/wiki/Anglican_Communion" title="Anglican Communion">Anglican Communion</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lutheran" class="mw-redirect" title="Lutheran">Lutheran</a> and some other <a href="/wiki/Protestant" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant">Protestant</a> churches.<sup id="cite_ref-GassmannOldenburg2011_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GassmannOldenburg2011-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liturgical_Movement&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Background_to_the_Mass_of_the_Roman_Rite">Background to the Mass of the Roman Rite</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liturgical_Movement&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Background to the Mass of the Roman Rite"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Roman_Missal" title="Roman Missal">Roman Missal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roman_Rite" title="Roman Rite">Roman Rite</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Traditional_Latin_Mass" class="mw-redirect" title="Traditional Latin Mass">Traditional Latin Mass</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Developments_in_Belgium_and_Germany">Developments in Belgium and Germany</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liturgical_Movement&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Developments in Belgium and Germany"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>At almost the same time, in Germany Abbot <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ildefons_Herwegen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ildefons Herwegen (page does not exist)">Ildefons Herwegen</a> of <a href="/wiki/Maria_Laach_Abbey" title="Maria Laach Abbey">Maria Laach</a> convened a liturgical conference in Holy Week 1914 for lay people. Herwegen thereafter promoted research which resulted in a series of publications for clergy and lay people during and after <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>. One of the foremost German scholars was Odo Casel. Having begun by studying the Middle Ages, Casel looked at the origins of Christian liturgy in pagan cultic acts, understanding liturgy as a profound universal human act as well as a religious one. In his <i>Ecclesia Orans</i> (<i>The Praying Church</i>) (1918), Casel studied and interpreted the pagan mysteries of ancient Greece and Rome, discussing similarities and differences between them and the Christian mysteries. His conclusions were studied in various places, notably at <a href="/wiki/Klosterneuburg" title="Klosterneuburg">Klosterneuburg</a> in Austria, where the Augustinian canon <a href="/wiki/Pius_Parsch" title="Pius Parsch">Pius Parsch</a> applied the principles in his church of St. Gertrude, which he took over in 1919. With laymen he worked out the relevance of the Bible to liturgy. Similar experiments were to take place in Leipzig during the Second World War.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Second_Vatican_Council">Second Vatican Council</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liturgical_Movement&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Second Vatican Council"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Sacrosanctum_Concilium" title="Sacrosanctum Concilium">Sacrosanctum Concilium</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Effect_on_church_architecture">Effect on church architecture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liturgical_Movement&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Effect on church architecture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Liturgical movement was influential in church design in France, Belgium Germany, Switzerland and the UK - where it was introduced in the 1950s. The New Churches Research Group was founded in 1957 in the UK to promote "a modern idiom appropriate to the ideas of the Liturgical Movement".<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The NCRG was a group of Catholic and Anglican church architects and craftspeople who promoted liturgical reform of churches though publications such as <i><a href="/wiki/The_Tablet" title="The Tablet">The Tablet</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Architects%27_Journal" title="Architects' Journal">Architects' Journal</a></i>. The group was co-founded by <a href="/wiki/Peter_Hammond_(priest)" title="Peter Hammond (priest)">Peter Hammond</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Maguire_(architect)" title="Robert Maguire (architect)">Robert Maguire</a> and Keith Murray (an ecclesiastical designer), and included architects Peter Gilbey, John Newton (Burles, Newton & Partners), <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Nuttgens" title="Patrick Nuttgens">Patrick Nuttgens</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Pace" title="George Pace">George Pace</a>, <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Reyntiens" title="Patrick Reyntiens">Patrick Reyntiens</a> (stained glass artist), <a href="/wiki/Austin_Winkley" title="Austin Winkley">Austin Winkley</a>, Lance Wright, as well as Catholic priest and theologian <a href="/wiki/Charles_Davis_(theologian)" title="Charles Davis (theologian)">Charles Davis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Second Vatican Council saw the acceptance of many of the movement's ideas, resulting in a radical rethinking of design, expressing 'noble simplicity rather than sumptuous display'.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The turning points were the publication of Peter Hammond's <i>Liturgy and Architecture</i>, a critique of modern English church design, and the publication of <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Gibberd" title="Frederick Gibberd">Frederick Gibberd</a>'s design for the completion of Liverpool Metropolitan Cathedral.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reordering_of_churches">Reordering of churches</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liturgical_Movement&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Reordering of churches"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>An example of re-ordering is St Joseph's church in <a href="/wiki/Retford" title="Retford">Retford</a>, which was designed by <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Bower_Norris" title="Ernest Bower Norris">Ernest Bower Norris</a> in modern Romanesque design, incorporating <a href="/wiki/Art_Deco" title="Art Deco">Art Deco</a> elements. It opened in 1959 and in 1968 was re-ordered by <a href="/wiki/Gerard_Goalen" title="Gerard Goalen">Gerard Goalen</a> to comply with the recommendations of Vatican II. During the re-order, Goalen commissioned a large Christus Rex for the sanctuary wall by <a href="/wiki/Steven_Sykes_(artist)" title="Steven Sykes (artist)">Steven Sykes</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Building_of_new_churches">Building of new churches</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liturgical_Movement&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Building of new churches"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Catholic church became a major patron of modern architecture and art during the 1950s and 60s in the UK.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A group of modernist architects including <a href="/wiki/Gillespie,_Kidd_%26_Coia" title="Gillespie, Kidd & Coia">Gillespie, Kidd & Coia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gerard_Goalen" title="Gerard Goalen">Gerard Goalen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Francis_Pollen" title="Francis Pollen">Francis Pollen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Desmond_Williams_(architect)" title="Desmond Williams (architect)">Desmond Williams</a> and <a href="/wiki/Austin_Winkley" title="Austin Winkley">Austin Winkley</a> utilised contemporary design and construction methods to deliver the 'noble simplicity' instructed by Vatican II, literally to express the values of the Liturgical Movement in buildings.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Desmond Williams noted that his St Mary Dunstable church was "circular, with the object being to bring as many of the congregation near the altar, and proved very popular in attracting worshippers."<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Maguire & Murray's <a href="/wiki/St_Paul%27s,_Bow_Common" title="St Paul's, Bow Common">St Paul's, Bow Common</a> (1960) has not only been awarded Grade II* listed status<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but was also voted best twentieth century church in the UK by the judges of the UK's Best Modern Churches competition (2013).<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Architects in this movement also collaborated with notable ceramic and glass artists such as <a href="/wiki/Dom_Charles_Norris" title="Dom Charles Norris">Dom Charles Norris</a>, <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Reyntiens" title="Patrick Reyntiens">Patrick Reyntiens</a> and <a href="/wiki/Steven_Sykes_(artist)" title="Steven Sykes (artist)">Steven Sykes</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Status_of_Modernist_churches">Status of Modernist churches</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liturgical_Movement&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Status of Modernist churches"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some of the churches built during this period are now being listed by Historic England in recognition of their outstanding <a href="/wiki/Modernist_architecture" class="mw-redirect" title="Modernist architecture">modernist architecture</a> and <a href="/wiki/Modernist_art" class="mw-redirect" title="Modernist art">art</a>. These include Goalen's Our Lady of Fatima, Harlow (Grade II listed, 1958),<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> St Mary Dunstable (Grade II listed, 1964),<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Winkley's <a href="/wiki/Church_of_St_Margaret_of_Scotland,_Twickenham" title="Church of St Margaret of Scotland, Twickenham">Church of St Margaret of Scotland, Twickenham</a> (Grade II listed, 1969).<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Criticism">Criticism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liturgical_Movement&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Criticism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The architecture of these churches was criticized by the architect <a href="/wiki/Robert_Maguire_(architect)" title="Robert Maguire (architect)">Robert Maguire</a>; he stated: "Gerard Goalen's T-shaped church of Our Lady of Fatima at Harlow, resplendent with its Buckfast Abbey glass. My only serious criticism of this – and it is serious – is that <a href="/wiki/People_of_God" title="People of God">God's Holy People</a> are divided, <a href="/wiki/Roman_Gaul#Geographical_divisions" title="Roman Gaul">like All Gaul, into three parts</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Return_to_traditional_layouts">Return to traditional layouts</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liturgical_Movement&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Return to traditional layouts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the US, there has been a return to more traditional Catholic church layouts as a result of Pope Benedict's re-emphasising clerical distinctions. This has included revisiting pre-Liturgical Movement architecture in new construction and the renovation of modernist churches along traditionalist lines.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The traditional cruciform plan—which was largely absent from liturgical designs since Vatican II because of its fracturing effect on the assembly—has been incorporated into recent church buildings.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Churches_of_the_Lutheran_tradition">Churches of the Lutheran tradition</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liturgical_Movement&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Churches of the Lutheran tradition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Lutheran_Church_in_America" title="Evangelical Lutheran Church in America">Evangelical Lutheran Church in America</a>, the largest <a href="/wiki/Lutheran" class="mw-redirect" title="Lutheran">Lutheran</a> body in the United States, has also revived a greater appreciation of the liturgy and its ancient origins. Its clergy and congregations have adopted many traditional liturgical symbols, such as the sign of the cross, incense, and the full chasuble, which have become more common than in years past. While some freedom in style is exercised by individual congregations, the overall style of the aspects of liturgical worship – including vestments, altar adornments, and a general return of many formal practices – has become closer to the styles of the Roman Catholic and Anglican traditions.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Anglican_Communion">Anglican Communion</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liturgical_Movement&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Anglican Communion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>By the 20th century, the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_England" title="Church of England">Church of England</a> had made quite radical ceremonial and ritual changes, most of them incorporating revival of medieval Christian practice.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/English_Missal" title="English Missal">English Missal</a>, published first in 1912, was a conflation of the Eucharistic rite in the 1662 prayer book and the Latin prayers of the Roman Missal, including the rubrics indicating the posture and manual acts. It was a recognition of practices which had been widespread for many years. The changes were the subject of controversy, opposition, hostility, and legal action.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The revision effort that produced the failed <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Common_Prayer_(1928,_England)" title="Book of Common Prayer (1928, England)">1928 proposed prayer book</a> was based on medieval models, owing little to the researches or practices of continental scholars.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated196_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated196-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the United States, <a href="/wiki/William_Palmer_Ladd" title="William Palmer Ladd">William Palmer Ladd</a>, who had visited a number of the European centers of Catholic scholarship and reform, introduced many of the ideas of the movement at the <a href="/wiki/Berkeley_Divinity_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Berkeley Divinity School">Berkeley Divinity School</a> in New Haven. Ladd wrote a series of magazine columns (published as a book after his death titled <i>Prayer Book Interleaves</i>) that introduced much of the newer agenda to the Episcopal Church. While this American version of the movement had broad church roots, in England it was a new generation of scholars and clergy associated with the Catholic revival who led the next phase of discussion. With the publication in 1935 of <a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Hebert" title="Gabriel Hebert">Gabriel Hebert</a>'s <i>Liturgy and Society,</i> a debate in England began about the relationship between worship and the world as well as about the importance of eucharistic celebration and participation. Hebert, a <a href="/wiki/Society_of_the_Sacred_Mission" title="Society of the Sacred Mission">Kelham Father</a>, interpreted the liturgy on wider social principles, rejecting, for example the idea of the <a href="/wiki/Eucharistic_Fast" class="mw-redirect" title="Eucharistic Fast">eucharistic fast</a> as being impractical. Its members wished for more frequent communion, not merely attendance at Mass; they wanted to relate the eucharist to the world of ordinary life. Through its influence, the <a href="/wiki/Offertory" title="Offertory">offertory</a> was restored, though not without protracted controversy.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated196_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated196-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Influence_and_criticisms">Influence and criticisms</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liturgical_Movement&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Influence and criticisms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Horton M. Davies, a professor at Princeton University, states: "What is fascinating about (the liturgical) movement is that it has enabled Protestant churches to recover in part the Catholic liturgical heritage, while the Catholics seem to have appropriated the Protestant valuation of preaching, of shared worship in the vernacular tongue, and the importance of laity as the people of God."<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liturgical_Movement&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:P_christianity.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/31px-P_christianity.svg.png" decoding="async" width="31" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/47px-P_christianity.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/62px-P_christianity.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Christianity" title="Portal:Christianity">Christianity portal</a></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Individuals">Individuals</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liturgical_Movement&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Individuals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Bouyer" title="Louis Bouyer">Louis Bouyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annibale_Bugnini" title="Annibale Bugnini">Annibale Bugnini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Davis_(theologian)" title="Charles Davis (theologian)">Charles Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_Dix" title="Gregory Dix">Gregory Dix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_L._Garfield" title="Donald L. Garfield">Donald L. Garfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerard_Goalen" title="Gerard Goalen">Gerard Goalen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romano_Guardini" title="Romano Guardini">Romano Guardini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Hammond_(priest)" title="Peter Hammond (priest)">Peter Hammond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marion_J._Hatchett" title="Marion J. Hatchett">Marion J. Hatchett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Hebert" title="Gabriel Hebert">Gabriel Hebert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Heiler" title="Friedrich Heiler">Friedrich Heiler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reynold_Henry_Hillenbrand" title="Reynold Henry Hillenbrand">Reynold Henry Hillenbrand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josef_Andreas_Jungmann" title="Josef Andreas Jungmann">Josef Andreas Jungmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Palmer_Ladd" title="William Palmer Ladd">William Palmer Ladd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Maguire_(architect)" title="Robert Maguire (architect)">Robert Maguire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christine_Mohrmann" title="Christine Mohrmann">Christine Mohrmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Nuttgens" title="Patrick Nuttgens">Patrick Nuttgens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Pace" title="George Pace">George Pace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Pollen" title="Francis Pollen">Francis Pollen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H._A._Reinhold" title="H. A. Reinhold">H. A. Reinhold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Reyntiens" title="Patrick Reyntiens">Patrick Reyntiens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clarence_Rufus_J._Rivers" class="mw-redirect" title="Clarence Rufus J. Rivers">Clarence Rufus J. Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunnar_Rosendal" title="Gunnar Rosendal">Gunnar Rosendal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermann_Sasse" title="Hermann Sasse">Hermann Sasse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Schmemann" title="Alexander Schmemann">Alexander Schmemann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Thurian" title="Max Thurian">Max Thurian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desmond_Williams_(architect)" title="Desmond Williams (architect)">Desmond Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austin_Winkley" title="Austin Winkley">Austin Winkley</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Concepts_and_movements">Concepts and movements</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liturgical_Movement&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Concepts and movements"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Lex_orandi,_lex_credendi" title="Lex orandi, lex credendi">Lex orandi, lex credendi</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sacrosanctum_Concilium" title="Sacrosanctum Concilium">Sacrosanctum Concilium</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berneuchen_Movement" title="Berneuchen Movement">Berneuchen Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirchliche_Arbeit_Alpirsbach" title="Kirchliche Arbeit Alpirsbach">Kirchliche Arbeit Alpirsbach</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liturgical_Movement&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-GassmannOldenburg2011-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-GassmannOldenburg2011_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFGassmannOldenburg2011" class="citation book cs1">Gassmann, Günther; Oldenburg, Mark W. (10 October 2011). <i>Historical Dictionary of Lutheranism</i>. Scarecrow Press. p. 236. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8108-7482-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8108-7482-4"><bdi>978-0-8108-7482-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+Dictionary+of+Lutheranism&rft.pages=236&rft.pub=Scarecrow+Press&rft.date=2011-10-10&rft.isbn=978-0-8108-7482-4&rft.aulast=Gassmann&rft.aufirst=G%C3%BCnther&rft.au=Oldenburg%2C+Mark+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiturgical+Movement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ernest Benjamin Koenker, <i>The Liturgical Renaissance in the Roman Catholic Church (1954), p. 10</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1387183">"CHURCH OF ST MARGARET OF SCOTLAND"</a>. <i>Historic England</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Historic+England&rft.atitle=CHURCH+OF+ST+MARGARET+OF+SCOTLAND&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhistoricengland.org.uk%2Flisting%2Fthe-list%2Flist-entry%2F1387183&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiturgical+Movement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobert_Proctor2014" class="citation book cs1">Robert Proctor (2014). <i>Building the Modern Church: Roman Catholic Church Architecture in Britain, 1955 to 1975</i>. Routledge.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Building+the+Modern+Church%3A+Roman+Catholic+Church+Architecture+in+Britain%2C+1955+to+1975&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2014&rft.au=Robert+Proctor&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiturgical+Movement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1387183">"CHURCH OF ST MARGARET OF SCOTLAND"</a>. <i>Historic England</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Historic+England&rft.atitle=CHURCH+OF+ST+MARGARET+OF+SCOTLAND&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhistoricengland.org.uk%2Flisting%2Fthe-list%2Flist-entry%2F1387183&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiturgical+Movement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThe_Architectural_History_Practice_Limited_for_English_Heritage2014" class="citation web cs1">The Architectural History Practice Limited for English Heritage (July 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hrballiance.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/RC-C20-Characterisation-Final-July-2014.pdf">"Twentieth-Century Roman Catholic Church Architecture in England, A Characterisation Study"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Twentieth-Century+Roman+Catholic+Church+Architecture+in+England%2C+A+Characterisation+Study&rft.date=2014-07&rft.au=The+Architectural+History+Practice+Limited+for+English+Heritage&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hrballiance.org.uk%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2018%2F12%2FRC-C20-Characterisation-Final-July-2014.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiturgical+Movement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://taking-stock.org.uk/building/retford-st-joseph/">"Retford – St Joseph"</a>. <i>Taking Stock: Catholic Churches of England and Wales</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Taking+Stock%3A+Catholic+Churches+of+England+and+Wales&rft.atitle=Retford+%E2%80%93+St+Joseph&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftaking-stock.org.uk%2Fbuilding%2Fretford-st-joseph%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiturgical+Movement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRW_Proctor2014" class="citation book cs1">RW Proctor (2014). <i>Building the Modern Church: Roman Catholic Church Architecture in Britain, 1955 to 1975</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Building+the+Modern+Church%3A+Roman+Catholic+Church+Architecture+in+Britain%2C+1955+to+1975&rft.date=2014&rft.au=RW+Proctor&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiturgical+Movement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://historicengland.org.uk/images-books/publications/iha-19th-20th-century-roman-catholic-churches/heag159-roman-catholic-churches-iha/">"19th- and 20th-Century Roman Catholic Churches - Introductions to Heritage Assets"</a>. <i>Historic England</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Historic+England&rft.atitle=19th-+and+20th-Century+Roman+Catholic+Churches+-+Introductions+to+Heritage+Assets&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhistoricengland.org.uk%2Fimages-books%2Fpublications%2Fiha-19th-20th-century-roman-catholic-churches%2Fheag159-roman-catholic-churches-iha%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiturgical+Movement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ewa.co.uk/en/roman-catholic-church-of-st-mary-dunstable-designed-by-desmond-williams-obe-is-listed-at-grade-ii/">"Roman Catholic Church of St Mary, Dunstable designed by Desmond Williams OBE is listed at Grade II"</a>. <i>EWA</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=EWA&rft.atitle=Roman+Catholic+Church+of+St+Mary%2C+Dunstable+designed+by+Desmond+Williams+OBE+is+listed+at+Grade+II&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fewa.co.uk%2Fen%2Froman-catholic-church-of-st-mary-dunstable-designed-by-desmond-williams-obe-is-listed-at-grade-ii%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiturgical+Movement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1241881?section=official-list-entry">"Church Of St Paul"</a>. <i>Historic England</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Historic+England&rft.atitle=Church+Of+St+Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhistoricengland.org.uk%2Flisting%2Fthe-list%2Flist-entry%2F1241881%3Fsection%3Dofficial-list-entry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiturgical+Movement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://c20society.org.uk/news/best-modern-churches-winners-announced">"Best Modern Churches winners announced"</a>. <i>Twentieth Century Societey</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Twentieth+Century+Societey&rft.atitle=Best+Modern+Churches+winners+announced&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fc20society.org.uk%2Fnews%2Fbest-modern-churches-winners-announced&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiturgical+Movement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1246733">"CHURCH OF OUR LADY OF FATIMA"</a>. <i>Historic England</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Historic+England&rft.atitle=CHURCH+OF+OUR+LADY+OF+FATIMA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhistoricengland.org.uk%2Flisting%2Fthe-list%2Flist-entry%2F1246733&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiturgical+Movement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1469006">"Roman Catholic Church of St Mary"</a>. <i>Historic England</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Historic+England&rft.atitle=Roman+Catholic+Church+of+St+Mary&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhistoricengland.org.uk%2Flisting%2Fthe-list%2Flist-entry%2F1469006&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiturgical+Movement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1387183">"CHURCH OF ST MARGARET OF SCOTLAND"</a>. <i>Historic England</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Historic+England&rft.atitle=CHURCH+OF+ST+MARGARET+OF+SCOTLAND&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhistoricengland.org.uk%2Flisting%2Fthe-list%2Flist-entry%2F1387183&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiturgical+Movement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaguire2002" class="citation journal cs1">Maguire, Robert (January 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ecclsoc.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/ET.27.pdf">"CHURCH DESIGN SINCE 1950"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Ecclesiology Today</i> (23): 8.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecclesiology+Today&rft.atitle=CHURCH+DESIGN+SINCE+1950&rft.issue=23&rft.pages=8&rft.date=2002-01&rft.aulast=Maguire&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fecclsoc.org%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2015%2F08%2FET.27.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiturgical+Movement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPeter_Feuerherd2017" class="citation web cs1">Peter Feuerherd (13 April 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncronline.org/blogs/ncr-today/new-clericalism-imposing-old-ways-modern-church-architecture">"New clericalism is imposing old ways on modern church architecture"</a>. <i>National Catholic Reporter</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Catholic+Reporter&rft.atitle=New+clericalism+is+imposing+old+ways+on+modern+church+architecture&rft.date=2017-04-13&rft.au=Peter+Feuerherd&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncronline.org%2Fblogs%2Fncr-today%2Fnew-clericalism-imposing-old-ways-modern-church-architecture&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiturgical+Movement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMichael_E._DeSanctis2012" class="citation web cs1">Michael E. DeSanctis (28 May 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.americamagazine.org/faith/2012/05/28/upon-foundation-are-new-church-designs-taking-us-backward">"Upon This Foundation: Are new church designs taking us backward?"</a>. <i>America, The Jesuit Review</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=America%2C+The+Jesuit+Review&rft.atitle=Upon+This+Foundation%3A+Are+new+church+designs+taking+us+backward%3F&rft.date=2012-05-28&rft.au=Michael+E.+DeSanctis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.americamagazine.org%2Ffaith%2F2012%2F05%2F28%2Fupon-foundation-are-new-church-designs-taking-us-backward&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiturgical+Movement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.elca.org/Growing-In-Faith/Worship/Learning-Center/FAQs/How-are-Resources-Prepared.aspx">[1]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090604032904/http://www.elca.org/Growing-In-Faith/Worship/Learning-Center/FAQs/How-are-Resources-Prepared.aspx">Archived</a> June 4, 2009, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Contemporary commentators, such as Benjamin Jowett, saw the changes as indicative of Romantic and aesthetic influences (and 'revolting to the reverent mind'), but the models were Roman Catholic. Judith Pinnington, "Rubric and Spirit: a diagnostic reading of Tractarian Worship", in <i>Essays Catholic and Radical,</i> ed. Kenneth Leech and Rowan Williams (Bowerdean 1983) p. 98f; see also Valerie Pitt: "The Oxford Movement: a case of Cultural Distortion?", in <i>Essays Catholic and Radical,</i>, p. 205ff.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Chadwick, Owen <i>The Victorian Church</i>; vol. 2; Carpenter, S. C. <i>Church and People</i> (SPCK 1933); pp.212ff.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated196-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated196_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated196_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Gray, Donald, <i>Earth and Altar</i>, (Canterbury Press 1986); p. 196</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Colin_Buchanan_(bishop)" title="Colin Buchanan (bishop)">Buchanan, Colin</a>. <i>The End of the Offertory</i> (Grove Books)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Arguile, Roger. <i>The Offering of the People</i> (Jubilee, 1989)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO.C._Jr." class="citation book cs1">O.C. Jr., Edwards. <i>A History of Preaching</i>. Abingdon Press. p. 746. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780687038640" title="Special:BookSources/9780687038640"><bdi>9780687038640</bdi></a>. <q>In the subtitle for the fifth volume of his history of <i>Worship and Theology in England</i>, Horton Davies refers to the twentieth century as the 'ecumenical century.' Nowhere is that more obvious than in attitudes toward Christian worship. As Davies said: 'What is fascinating about (the liturgical) movement is that it has enabled Protestant churches to recover in part the Catholic liturgical heritage, while the Catholics seem to have appropriated the Protestant valuation of preaching, of shared worship in the vernacular tongue, and the importance of laity as the people of God.'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span></q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Preaching&rft.pages=746&rft.pub=Abingdon+Press&rft.isbn=9780687038640&rft.aulast=O.C.+Jr.&rft.aufirst=Edwards&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiturgical+Movement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liturgical_Movement&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBouyer1955" class="citation cs2">Bouyer, Louis (1955), <i>Liturgical Piety</i>, University of Notre Dame Press</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Liturgical+Piety&rft.pub=University+of+Notre+Dame+Press&rft.date=1955&rft.aulast=Bouyer&rft.aufirst=Louis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiturgical+Movement" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBouyer2015" class="citation cs2">Bouyer, Louis (2015), <i>The Memoirs of Louis Bouyer: From Youth and Conversion to Vatican II, the Liturgical Reform, and After</i>, Angelico Press, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1621381426" title="Special:BookSources/978-1621381426"><bdi>978-1621381426</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Memoirs+of+Louis+Bouyer%3A+From+Youth+and+Conversion+to+Vatican+II%2C+the+Liturgical+Reform%2C+and+After&rft.pub=Angelico+Press&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1621381426&rft.aulast=Bouyer&rft.aufirst=Louis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiturgical+Movement" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChiron2018" class="citation cs2">Chiron, Yves (2018), <i>Annibale Bugnini: Reformer of the Liturgy</i>, Angelico Press, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1621384113" title="Special:BookSources/978-1621384113"><bdi>978-1621384113</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Annibale+Bugnini%3A+Reformer+of+the+Liturgy&rft.pub=Angelico+Press&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-1621384113&rft.aulast=Chiron&rft.aufirst=Yves&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiturgical+Movement" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChupungco1997" class="citation cs2">Chupungco, Anscar J (1997), <i>Handbook for Liturgical Studies: Introduction to the Liturgy</i>, Liturgical Press</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Handbook+for+Liturgical+Studies%3A+Introduction+to+the+Liturgy&rft.pub=Liturgical+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.aulast=Chupungco&rft.aufirst=Anscar+J&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiturgical+Movement" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCrichton1996" class="citation cs2">Crichton, J D (1996), <i>Lights in the Darkness: Fore-runners of the Liturgical Movement</i>, Columba Press, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1856071529" title="Special:BookSources/1856071529"><bdi>1856071529</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lights+in+the+Darkness%3A+Fore-runners+of+the+Liturgical+Movement&rft.pub=Columba+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=1856071529&rft.aulast=Crichton&rft.aufirst=J+D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiturgical+Movement" class="Z3988"></span>..</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDobszay2003" class="citation cs2">Dobszay, László (2003), <i>The Bugnini-Liturgy and the Reform of the Reform</i>, Church Music Association of America, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1607437246" title="Special:BookSources/978-1607437246"><bdi>978-1607437246</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Bugnini-Liturgy+and+the+Reform+of+the+Reform&rft.pub=Church+Music+Association+of+America&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-1607437246&rft.aulast=Dobszay&rft.aufirst=L%C3%A1szl%C3%B3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiturgical+Movement" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGiampietro2010" class="citation cs2">Giampietro, Nicola (2010), <i>The Development of the Liturgical Reform: As Seen by Cardinal Ferdinando Antonelli from 1948 to 1970</i>, Roman Catholic Books, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1934888124" title="Special:BookSources/978-1934888124"><bdi>978-1934888124</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Development+of+the+Liturgical+Reform%3A+As+Seen+by+Cardinal+Ferdinando+Antonelli+from+1948+to+1970&rft.pub=Roman+Catholic+Books&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1934888124&rft.aulast=Giampietro&rft.aufirst=Nicola&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiturgical+Movement" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrillo2013" class="citation cs2">Grillo, Andrea (2013), <i>Beyond Pius V: Conflicting Interpretations of the Liturgical Reform</i>, <a href="/wiki/Liturgical_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Liturgical Press">Liturgical Press</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0814663028" title="Special:BookSources/0814663028"><bdi>0814663028</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Beyond+Pius+V%3A+Conflicting+Interpretations+of+the+Liturgical+Reform&rft.pub=Liturgical+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=0814663028&rft.aulast=Grillo&rft.aufirst=Andrea&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiturgical+Movement" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGuardini1998" class="citation cs2">Guardini, Romano (1998), <i>The Spirit of the Liturgy</i>, Crossroad Publishing Company</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Spirit+of+the+Liturgy&rft.pub=Crossroad+Publishing+Company&rft.date=1998&rft.aulast=Guardini&rft.aufirst=Romano&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiturgical+Movement" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHayes2009" class="citation cs2">Hayes, David (2009), <i>In a Great and Noble Tradition: The Autobiography of Dom Prosper Gueranger (1805-1875), Founder of the Solesmes Congregation of Benedictine Monks and Nuns</i>, Gracewing Publishing</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=In+a+Great+and+Noble+Tradition%3A+The+Autobiography+of+Dom+Prosper+Gueranger+%281805-1875%29%2C+Founder+of+the+Solesmes+Congregation+of+Benedictine+Monks+and+Nuns&rft.pub=Gracewing+Publishing&rft.date=2009&rft.aulast=Hayes&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiturgical+Movement" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHebert1935" class="citation cs2">Hebert, A G (1935), <i>Liturgy and Society</i>, Faber</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Liturgy+and+Society&rft.pub=Faber&rft.date=1935&rft.aulast=Hebert&rft.aufirst=A+G&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiturgical+Movement" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIrwin2014" class="citation cs2">Irwin, Kevin W (2014), <i>What We Have Done, What We Have Failed to Do: Assessing the Liturgical Reforms of Vatican II</i>, Paulist Press</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=What+We+Have+Done%2C+What+We+Have+Failed+to+Do%3A+Assessing+the+Liturgical+Reforms+of+Vatican+II&rft.pub=Paulist+Press&rft.date=2014&rft.aulast=Irwin&rft.aufirst=Kevin+W&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiturgical+Movement" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKocik2016" class="citation cs2">Kocik, Thomas M (2016), <i>Singing His Song: A Short Introduction to the Liturgical Movement</i>, Chorabooks</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Singing+His+Song%3A+A+Short+Introduction+to+the+Liturgical+Movement&rft.pub=Chorabooks&rft.date=2016&rft.aulast=Kocik&rft.aufirst=Thomas+M&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiturgical+Movement" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKoenker1951" class="citation cs2">Koenker, Ernest Benjamin (1951), <i>Objectives and Achievements of the Liturgical Movement in the Roman Catholic Church since World War II</i>, Church History 20, no 2</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Objectives+and+Achievements+of+the+Liturgical+Movement+in+the+Roman+Catholic+Church+since+World+War+II&rft.pub=Church+History+20%2C+no+2&rft.date=1951&rft.aulast=Koenker&rft.aufirst=Ernest+Benjamin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiturgical+Movement" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKoenker1954" class="citation cs2">Koenker, Ernest Benjamin (1954), <i>The Liturgical Renaissance in the Roman Catholic Church</i>, University of Chicago Press</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Liturgical+Renaissance+in+the+Roman+Catholic+Church&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago+Press&rft.date=1954&rft.aulast=Koenker&rft.aufirst=Ernest+Benjamin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiturgical+Movement" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarx1957" class="citation cs2">Marx, Paul (1957), <i>Virgil Michel and the Liturgical Movement</i>, Liturgical Press</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Virgil+Michel+and+the+Liturgical+Movement&rft.pub=Liturgical+Press&rft.date=1957&rft.aulast=Marx&rft.aufirst=Paul&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiturgical+Movement" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPecklers1998" class="citation cs2">Pecklers, Keith F (1998), <i>The Unread Vision: The Liturgical Movement in the United States of America 1926-1955</i>, Liturgical Press, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0814624502" title="Special:BookSources/0814624502"><bdi>0814624502</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Unread+Vision%3A+The+Liturgical+Movement+in+the+United+States+of+America+1926-1955&rft.pub=Liturgical+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=0814624502&rft.aulast=Pecklers&rft.aufirst=Keith+F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiturgical+Movement" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPuglisi2005" class="citation cs2">Puglisi, James F (2005), <i>Liturgical Renewal as a Way to Christian Unity</i>, Pueblo Publishing Co, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/081466203X" title="Special:BookSources/081466203X"><bdi>081466203X</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Liturgical+Renewal+as+a+Way+to+Christian+Unity&rft.pub=Pueblo+Publishing+Co&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=081466203X&rft.aulast=Puglisi&rft.aufirst=James+F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiturgical+Movement" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReid2004" class="citation cs2">Reid, Alcuin (2004), <i>The Organic Development of the Liturgy: The Principles of Liturgical Reform and Their Relation to the Twentieth Century Liturgical Movement Prior to the Second Vatican Council</i>, St Michael's Abbey Press, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0907077439" title="Special:BookSources/0907077439"><bdi>0907077439</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Organic+Development+of+the+Liturgy%3A+The+Principles+of+Liturgical+Reform+and+Their+Relation+to+the+Twentieth+Century+Liturgical+Movement+Prior+to+the+Second+Vatican+Council&rft.pub=St+Michael%27s+Abbey+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0907077439&rft.aulast=Reid&rft.aufirst=Alcuin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiturgical+Movement" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobinson2005" class="citation cs2">Robinson, Jonathan (2005), <i>The Mass and Modernity: Walking to Heaven Backward</i>, <a href="/wiki/Ignatius_Press" title="Ignatius Press">Ignatius Press</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1586170694" title="Special:BookSources/1586170694"><bdi>1586170694</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Mass+and+Modernity%3A+Walking+to+Heaven+Backward&rft.pub=Ignatius+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=1586170694&rft.aulast=Robinson&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiturgical+Movement" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTurner2015" class="citation cs2">Turner, Paul (2015), <i>Whose Mass Is It?: Why People Care So Much about the Catholic Liturgy</i>, Liturgical Press</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Whose+Mass+Is+It%3F%3A+Why+People+Care+So+Much+about+the+Catholic+Liturgy&rft.pub=Liturgical+Press&rft.date=2015&rft.aulast=Turner&rft.aufirst=Paul&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiturgical+Movement" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Liturgical_Movement" title="Template:Liturgical Movement"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Liturgical_Movement&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:Liturgical Movement (page does not exist)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Liturgical_Movement" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Liturgical Movement"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Liturgical_Movement" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Liturgical Movement</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_liturgy" title="Catholic liturgy">Catholic liturgy</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mass_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Mass in the Catholic Church">Mass in the Catholic Church</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lex_orandi,_lex_credendi" title="Lex orandi, lex credendi">Lex orandi, lex credendi</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solesmes_Congregation" title="Solesmes Congregation">French Benedictine Congregation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_of_the_Annunciation" title="Congregation of the Annunciation">Belgian Benedictine Congregation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregorian_chant" title="Gregorian chant">Gregorian chant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liturgy_of_the_Hours" title="Liturgy of the Hours">Liturgy of the Hours</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacred_Congregation_of_Rites" title="Sacred Congregation of Rites">Sacred Congregation of Rites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liturgical_reforms_of_Pope_Pius_XII" title="Liturgical reforms of Pope Pius XII">Liturgical reforms of Pope Pius XII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_of_Paul_VI" title="Mass of Paul VI">Mass of Paul VI</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sacrosanctum_concilium" class="mw-redirect" title="Sacrosanctum concilium">Sacrosanctum concilium</a></i></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_members_of_the_Council_for_the_Implementation_of_the_Constitution_on_the_Sacred_Liturgy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of members of the Council for the Implementation of the Constitution on the Sacred Liturgy (page does not exist)"><i>Consilium</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_of_Paul_VI" title="Mass of Paul VI">Mass of Paul VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottaviani_Intervention" title="Ottaviani Intervention">Ottaviani Intervention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Common_Prayer_(1979)" title="Book of Common Prayer (1979)"><i>Book of Common Prayer</i> (1979)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Early</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prosper_Gu%C3%A9ranger" title="Prosper Guéranger">Prosper Guéranger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_X" title="Pope Pius X">Pope Pius X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columba_Marmion" title="Columba Marmion">Columba Marmion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fernand_Cabrol" title="Fernand Cabrol">Fernand Cabrol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Batiffol" title="Pierre Batiffol">Pierre Batiffol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lambert_Beauduin" title="Lambert Beauduin">Lambert Beauduin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Paul_Migne" title="Jacques Paul Migne">Jacques Paul Migne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adrian_Fortescue" title="Adrian Fortescue">Adrian Fortescue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9-Jean_Festugi%C3%A8re" title="André-Jean Festugière">André-Jean Festugière</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaspar_Lefebvre" title="Gaspar Lefebvre">Gaspar Lefebvre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Bishop" title="Edmund Bishop">Edmund Bishop</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrien_Gr%C3%A9a" class="extiw" title="fr:Adrien Gréa">Adrien Gréa</a></li> <li><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerard_van_Caloen" class="extiw" title="nl:Gerard van Caloen">Gerard van Caloen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_de_la_Taille" title="Maurice de la Taille">Maurice de la Taille</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Later</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Augustin_Bea" title="Augustin Bea">Augustin Bea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giulio_Bevilacqua" title="Giulio Bevilacqua">Giulio Bevilacqua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Bouyer" title="Louis Bouyer">Louis Bouyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annibale_Bugnini" title="Annibale Bugnini">Annibale Bugnini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_J._Carroll" title="Thomas J. Carroll">Thomas J. Carroll</a></li> <li><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odo_Casel" class="extiw" title="de:Odo Casel">Odo Casel</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Doncoeur" class="extiw" title="fr:Paul Doncoeur">Paul Doncoeur</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandre_Fleury" class="extiw" title="fr:Alexandre Fleury">Alexandre Fleury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romano_Guardini" title="Romano Guardini">Romano Guardini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benno_Gut" title="Benno Gut">Benno Gut</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre-Marie_Gy" class="extiw" title="fr:Pierre-Marie Gy">Pierre-Marie Gy</a></li> <li><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anton_H%C3%A4nggi" class="extiw" title="de:Anton Hänggi">Anton Hänggi</a></li> <li><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ildefons_Herwegen" class="extiw" title="de:Ildefons Herwegen">Ildefons Herwegen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reynold_Henry_Hillenbrand" title="Reynold Henry Hillenbrand">Reynold Henry Hillenbrand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josef_Andreas_Jungmann" title="Josef Andreas Jungmann">Josef Andreas Jungmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Jasper" title="Ronald Jasper">Ronald Jasper</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Jounel" class="extiw" title="fr:Pierre Jounel">Pierre Jounel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giacomo_Lercaro" title="Giacomo Lercaro">Giacomo Lercaro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adrien_Nocent" title="Adrien Nocent">Adrien Nocent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pius_Parsch" title="Pius Parsch">Pius Parsch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannes_Pinsk" title="Johannes Pinsk">Johannes Pinsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H._A._Reinhold" title="H. A. Reinhold">H. A. Reinhold</a></li> <li><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mario_Righetti" class="extiw" title="it:Mario Righetti">Mario Righetti</a></li> <li><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodor_Schnitzler" class="extiw" title="de:Theodor Schnitzler">Theodor Schnitzler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massey_H._Shepherd" title="Massey H. Shepherd">Massey H. Shepherd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Thurian" title="Max Thurian">Max Thurian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Luise_Thurmair" title="Maria Luise Thurmair">Maria Luise Thurmair</a></li> <li><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Wagner_(Theologe)" class="extiw" title="de:Johannes Wagner (Theologe)">Johannes Wagner</a></li> <li><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cipriano_Vagaggini" class="extiw" title="it:Cipriano Vagaggini">Cirpirano Vagaggini</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Benedictine-<br />establishments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Solesmes_Abbey" title="Solesmes Abbey">Solesmes Abbey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beuron_Archabbey" title="Beuron Archabbey">Beuron Archabbey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maredsous_Abbey" title="Maredsous Abbey">Maredsous Abbey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keizersberg_Abbey" title="Keizersberg Abbey">Mont César Abbey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Laach_Abbey" title="Maria Laach Abbey">Maria Laach Abbey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anselmianum" title="Anselmianum">Pontifical Athenaeum of Saint Anselm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_John%27s_Abbey,_Collegeville" title="Saint John's Abbey, Collegeville">Saint John's Abbey, Collegeville</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Papal<br />documents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Tra_le_sollecitudini" title="Tra le sollecitudini">Tra le sollecitudini</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Quam_singulari" title="Quam singulari">Quam singulari</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mystici_Corporis_Christi" title="Mystici Corporis Christi">Mystici Corporis Christi</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/In_cotidianis_precibus" title="In cotidianis precibus">In cotidianis precibus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mediator_Dei" title="Mediator Dei">Mediator Dei</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Architecture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Pollen" title="Francis Pollen">Francis Pollen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gillespie,_Kidd_%26_Coia" title="Gillespie, Kidd & Coia">Gillespie, Kidd & Coia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerard_Goalen" title="Gerard Goalen">Gerard Goalen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desmond_Williams_(architect)" title="Desmond Williams (architect)">Desmond Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austin_Winkley" title="Austin Winkley">Austin Winkley</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Issues</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gemeinschaftsmesse" class="extiw" title="de:Gemeinschaftsmesse">Dialogue mass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_altar" title="People's altar">People's altar</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Versus_populum" title="Versus populum">Versus populum</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Textual_criticism" title="Textual criticism">Textual criticism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chevetogne_Abbey" title="Chevetogne Abbey">Amay Priory</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Singmesse" title="Deutsche Singmesse">Deutsche Singmesse</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klosterneuburg_Monastery" title="Klosterneuburg Monastery">Klosterneuburg Monastery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hippolytus_of_Rome" title="Hippolytus of Rome">Hippolytus of Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malines_Congresses" title="Malines Congresses">Malines Congresses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modernism_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Modernism in the Catholic Church">Modernism in the Catholic Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_and_ecumenism" title="Catholic Church and ecumenism">Catholic Church and ecumenism</a> (<a href="/wiki/Anglican%E2%80%93Roman_Catholic_dialogue" title="Anglican–Roman Catholic dialogue">Anglican–Roman Catholic dialogue</a> & <a href="/wiki/Catholic%E2%80%93Eastern_Orthodox_relations" title="Catholic–Eastern Orthodox relations">Catholic–Eastern Orthodox relations</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crypto-Protestantism" title="Crypto-Protestantism">Crypto-Protestantism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Vatican_Council" title="Second Vatican Council">Second Vatican Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paschal_mystery" title="Paschal mystery">Paschal mystery</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:gold"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:046CupolaSPietro.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/16px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg" decoding="async" width="16" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/24px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/32px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Catholicism">Catholicism portal</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span 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typeof="mw:File"><span title="WikiProject"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/16px-People_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/24px-People_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/32px-People_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Catholicism" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Catholicism">WikiProject</a></li></ul></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Mass_of_the_Roman_Rite_of_the_Catholic_Church" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:gold"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Mass_of_the_Roman_Rite_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Template:Mass of the Roman Rite of the Catholic Church"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Mass_of_the_Roman_Rite_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Template talk:Mass of the Roman Rite of the Catholic Church"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Mass_of_the_Roman_Rite_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Mass of the Roman Rite of the Catholic Church"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Mass_of_the_Roman_Rite_of_the_Catholic_Church" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Mass_(liturgy)" title="Mass (liturgy)">Mass</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Rite" title="Roman Rite">Roman Rite</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Forms and uses</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pre-Tridentine_Mass" title="Pre-Tridentine Mass">Pre-Tridentine Mass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tridentine_Mass" title="Tridentine Mass">Tridentine Mass</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Preconciliar_rites_after_the_Second_Vatican_Council" title="Preconciliar rites after the Second Vatican Council">After the Second Vatican Council</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_of_Paul_VI" title="Mass of Paul VI">Mass of Paul VI</a> (Ordinary Form)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaire_Use" title="Zaire Use">Zaire Use</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglican_Use" title="Anglican Use">Anglican Use</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_order_liturgical_rite" title="Catholic order liturgical rite">Orders</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Benedictine_Rite" title="Benedictine Rite">Benedictine Rite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carmelite_Rite" title="Carmelite Rite">Carmelite Rite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carthusian_Rite" class="mw-redirect" title="Carthusian Rite">Carthusian Rite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cistercian_Rite" title="Cistercian Rite">Cistercian Rite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Rite" title="Dominican Rite">Dominican Rite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norbertine_Rite" title="Norbertine Rite">Norbertine Rite</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Low_Mass" title="Low Mass">Low Mass</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Missa_cantata" title="Missa cantata">Missa Cantata</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solemn_Mass" title="Solemn Mass">Solemn Mass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_High_Mass" title="Pontifical High Mass">Pontifical High Mass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_Mass" title="Papal Mass">Papal Mass</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sine_populo" title="Sine populo">sine populo</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Votive_Mass" title="Votive Mass">Votive Mass</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Ritual_Masses" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ritual_Masses" class="mw-redirect" title="Ritual Masses">Ritual Masses</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Mass" title="Blue Mass">Blue Mass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chapter_and_Conventual_Mass" title="Chapter and Conventual Mass">Chapter and Conventual Mass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coronation_Mass" title="Coronation Mass">Coronation Mass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gold_Mass" class="mw-redirect" title="Gold Mass">Gold Mass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuptial_Mass" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuptial Mass">Nuptial Mass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Mass" title="Red Mass">Red Mass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rose_Mass" class="mw-redirect" title="Rose Mass">Rose Mass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Requiem" title="Requiem">Requiem Mass</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Month%27s_mind" title="Month's mind">Month's mind</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Mass" class="mw-redirect" title="White Mass">White Mass</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Language</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liturgical_use_of_Latin" title="Liturgical use of Latin">Liturgical use of Latin</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastical_Latin" title="Ecclesiastical Latin">Ecclesiastical Latin</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vernacular" title="Vernacular">Vernacular</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Order of Mass</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:gold">Pre-Mass</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vesting_prayers" title="Vesting prayers">Vesting prayers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asperges" title="Asperges">Asperges me</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vidi_aquam" title="Vidi aquam">Vidi aquam</a> in <a href="/wiki/Eastertide" title="Eastertide">Eastertide</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Processional_hymn" title="Processional hymn">Processional hymn</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:gold">Liturgy of<br />the Word</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sign_of_the_cross" title="Sign of the cross">Sign of the Cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_43" title="Psalm 43">Psalm 43</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Introit" title="Introit">Entrance Antiphon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penitential_Act" title="Penitential Act">Penitential Act</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Confiteor" title="Confiteor">Confiteor</a> / <a href="/wiki/Kyrie" title="Kyrie">Kyrie</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gloria_in_excelsis_Deo" title="Gloria in excelsis Deo">Gloria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominus_vobiscum" title="Dominus vobiscum">Dominus vobiscum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collect" title="Collect">Collect</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oremus" title="Oremus">Oremus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalms#Roman_Catholic_usage" title="Psalms">Responsorial Psalm</a> or <a href="/wiki/Gradual" title="Gradual">Gradual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epistle_(liturgy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Epistle (liturgy)">Epistle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alleluia#Roman_Rite" title="Alleluia">Alleluia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tract_(liturgy)" title="Tract (liturgy)">Tract</a> / <a href="/wiki/Sequence_(musical_form)" title="Sequence (musical form)">sequence</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gospel_(liturgy)#Uses_in_the_Western_Churches" title="Gospel (liturgy)">Gospel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homily" title="Homily">Homily</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Credo" title="Credo">Credo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nicene_Creed" title="Nicene Creed">Niceno-Constantinopolitan Creed</a> or <a href="/wiki/Apostles%27_Creed" title="Apostles' Creed">Apostles' Creed</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Intercessions" title="General Intercessions">Universal Prayer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:gold">Liturgy of<br />the Eucharist</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Offertory" title="Offertory">Offertory</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Orate_fratres" title="Orate fratres">Orate fratres</a> / <a href="/wiki/Secret_(liturgy)" title="Secret (liturgy)">prayer over the gifts</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preface_(liturgy)" title="Preface (liturgy)">Preface</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sursum_corda" title="Sursum corda">Sursum corda</a> / <a href="/wiki/Sanctus" title="Sanctus">Sanctus</a> / <a href="/wiki/Hosanna" title="Hosanna">Hosanna</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anaphora_(liturgy)" title="Anaphora (liturgy)">Eucharistic Prayer</a>/<a href="/wiki/Canon_of_the_Mass" title="Canon of the Mass">Canon of the Mass</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oblation" title="Oblation">oblation</a> / <i><a href="/wiki/Epiclesis" title="Epiclesis">epiclesis</a></i> / <a href="/wiki/Words_of_Institution" title="Words of Institution">Words of Institution</a> / <a href="/wiki/Elevation_(liturgy)" title="Elevation (liturgy)">elevation</a> / <i><a href="/wiki/Anamnesis_(Christianity)" title="Anamnesis (Christianity)">anamnesis</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Text_and_rubrics_of_the_Roman_Canon" title="Text and rubrics of the Roman Canon">texts and rubrics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canonical_digits" title="Canonical digits">Canonical digits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Text_and_rubrics_of_the_Roman_Canon" title="Text and rubrics of the Roman Canon">Roman Canon</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Roman_Canon" title="History of the Roman Canon">history</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memorial_Acclamation" title="Memorial Acclamation">Memorial Acclamation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord%27s_Prayer" title="Lord's Prayer">Lord's Prayer</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Embolism_(liturgy)" title="Embolism (liturgy)">embolism</a> / <a href="/wiki/Eucharistic_doxology" class="mw-redirect" title="Eucharistic doxology">doxology</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pax_(liturgy)" title="Pax (liturgy)">Pax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiss_of_peace" class="mw-redirect" title="Kiss of peace">Sign of peace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agnus_Dei" title="Agnus Dei">Agnus Dei</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dona_nobis_pacem" title="Dona nobis pacem">Dona nobis pacem</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fraction_(religion)" title="Fraction (religion)">Fraction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eucharist_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Eucharist in the Catholic Church">Holy Communion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Communion_(chant)" title="Communion (chant)">Communion antiphon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ablution_in_Christianity" title="Ablution in Christianity">Ablutions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postcommunion" title="Postcommunion">Postcommunion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dismissal_(liturgy)" title="Dismissal (liturgy)">Dismissal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ite,_missa_est" title="Ite, missa est">Ite, missa est</a> / <a href="/wiki/Benedicamus_Domino" title="Benedicamus Domino">Benedicamus Domino</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Last_Gospel" title="Last Gospel">Last Gospel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:gold">Post-Mass</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leonine_Prayers" title="Leonine Prayers">Leonine Prayers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recessional_hymn" class="mw-redirect" title="Recessional hymn">Recessional hymn</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Participants</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acolyte" title="Acolyte">Acolyte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altar_server" title="Altar server">Altar server</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Female_altar_servers" title="Female altar servers">female</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bishops_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Bishops in the Catholic Church">Bishop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boat_boy" class="mw-redirect" title="Boat boy">Boat boy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cantor_(Christianity)" title="Cantor (Christianity)">Cantor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Choir" title="Choir">Choir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crucifer" title="Crucifer">Crucifer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deacon" title="Deacon">Deacon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extraordinary_minister_of_Holy_Communion" title="Extraordinary minister of Holy Communion">Extraordinary minister of Holy Communion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_laity" title="Catholic laity">Laity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eucharistic_congress" title="Eucharistic congress">Eucharistic Congress</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lector" title="Lector">Lector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ostiarius" title="Ostiarius">Porter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priesthood_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Priesthood in the Catholic Church">Priest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subdeacon" title="Subdeacon">Subdeacon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_usher" title="Church usher">Usher</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Altar_(Catholic_Church)" title="Altar (Catholic Church)">Altar</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Altar_crucifix" class="mw-redirect" title="Altar crucifix">Altar crucifix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altar_rail" title="Altar rail">Altar rails</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulpit" title="Pulpit">Ambo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antependium" title="Antependium">Antependium</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Altar_(Catholic_Church)#Candles_and_candlesticks" title="Altar (Catholic Church)">Candles and candlesticks</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Triple_candlestick_(Catholic_Church)" title="Triple candlestick (Catholic Church)">Triple candlestick</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paschal_candle" title="Paschal candle">Paschal candle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanctuary_lamp" title="Sanctuary lamp">Sanctuary lamp</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chalice_veil" class="mw-redirect" title="Chalice veil">Chalice veil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communion_bench" title="Communion bench">Communion bench</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corporal_(liturgy)" title="Corporal (liturgy)">Corporal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Credence_table" title="Credence table">Credence table</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kneeler" title="Kneeler">Kneeler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lavabo" title="Lavabo">Lavabo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Misericord" title="Misericord">Misericord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pall_(liturgy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pall (liturgy)">Pall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piscina" title="Piscina">Piscina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purificator" class="mw-redirect" title="Purificator">Purificator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rood" title="Rood">Rood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_tabernacle" title="Church tabernacle">Tabernacle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Liturgical<br />objects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Altar_bell" title="Altar bell">Altar bell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ash_Wednesday#Christian_use_of_ashes" title="Ash Wednesday">Ashes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aspergillum" title="Aspergillum">Aspergillum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Censer" title="Censer">Censer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chalice#Christian" title="Chalice">Chalice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ciborium_(container)" title="Ciborium (container)">Ciborium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crotalus_(instrument)" title="Crotalus (instrument)">Crotalus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Offertory#Collection_of_alms" title="Offertory">Collection basket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communion-plate" title="Communion-plate">Communion-plate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cruet" title="Cruet">Cruet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangeliary" title="Evangeliary">Evangeliary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fistula_(liturgical_object)" title="Fistula (liturgical object)">Fistula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flabellum" title="Flabellum">Flabellum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Funghellino" title="Funghellino">Funghellino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_water" title="Holy water">Holy water</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Incense" title="Incense">Incense</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religious_use_of_incense#Christianity" title="Religious use of incense">use</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuterge" title="Manuterge">Manuterge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paten" title="Paten">Paten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Processional_cross" title="Processional cross">Processional cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyx" title="Pyx">Pyx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacramental_bread" title="Sacramental bread">Sacramental bread</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wafer" title="Wafer">wafer</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacramental_wine" title="Sacramental wine">Sacramental wine</a> (or <a href="/wiki/Must" title="Must">must</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thurible" title="Thurible">Thurible</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Liturgical_books_of_the_Roman_Rite" title="Liturgical books of the Roman Rite">Liturgical books</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antiphonary" title="Antiphonary">Antiphonary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%C3%A6remoniale_Episcoporum" class="mw-redirect" title="Cæremoniale Episcoporum">Ceremonial of Bishops</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Customary_(liturgy)" title="Customary (liturgy)">Customary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Gradual" title="Roman Gradual">Roman Gradual</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Graduale_Simplex" title="Graduale Simplex">Graduale Simplex</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Missal" title="Roman Missal">Roman Missal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Divine_Worship:_The_Missal" title="Divine Worship: The Missal">Divine Worship: The Missal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacramentary" title="Sacramentary">Sacramentary</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lectionary" title="Lectionary">Lectionary</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Pontifical" title="Roman Pontifical">Roman Pontifical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonary" title="Tonary">Tonary</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Vestment" title="Vestment">Vestments</a><br /></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alb" title="Alb">Alb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amice" title="Amice">Amice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chasuble" title="Chasuble">Chasuble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalmatic" title="Dalmatic">Dalmatic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Episcopal_sandals" title="Episcopal sandals">Episcopal sandals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humeral_veil" title="Humeral veil">Humeral veil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pallium" title="Pallium">Pallium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_vestments" title="Pontifical vestments">Pontifical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stole_(vestment)" title="Stole (vestment)">Stole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surplice" title="Surplice">Surplice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunicle" title="Tunicle">Tunicle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vimpa" title="Vimpa">Vimpa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Liturgical_year#Catholic_Church_liturgical_year" title="Liturgical year">Liturgical year</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:gold">Calendars</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tridentine_calendar" title="Tridentine calendar">Tridentine calendar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Roman_Calendar_of_1954" title="General Roman Calendar of 1954">General Roman Calendar of 1954</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Roman_Calendar_of_Pope_Pius_XII" title="General Roman Calendar of Pope Pius XII">General Roman Calendar of Pope Pius XII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Roman_Calendar_of_1960" title="General Roman Calendar of 1960">General Roman Calendar of 1960</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Roman_Calendar" title="General Roman Calendar">General Roman Calendar</a> (current)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:gold">Periods</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Advent" title="Advent">Advent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmastide" title="Christmastide">Christmastide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ordinary_Time" title="Ordinary Time">Ordinary Time</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Septuagesima" title="Septuagesima">Septuagesima</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lent" title="Lent">Lent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passiontide" title="Passiontide">Passiontide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Week" title="Holy Week">Holy Week</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paschal_Triduum" title="Paschal Triduum">Paschal Triduum</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastertide" title="Eastertide">Eastertide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feast_of_the_Ascension" title="Feast of the Ascension">Ascensiontide</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Eucharistic_discipline#Catholic_practice" title="Eucharistic discipline">Eucharistic<br />discipline</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Abstemius" title="Abstemius">Abstemius</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concelebration" title="Concelebration">Concelebration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_etiquette" title="Church etiquette">Church etiquette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Closed_communion" title="Closed communion">Closed communion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canon_844" class="mw-redirect" title="Canon 844">Canon 844</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canon_915" title="Canon 915">Canon 915</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communion_and_the_developmentally_disabled" title="Communion and the developmentally disabled">Communion and the developmentally disabled</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communion_under_both_kinds" title="Communion under both kinds">Communion under both kinds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fasting_and_abstinence_in_the_Catholic_Church#Eucharistic_Fast" title="Fasting and abstinence in the Catholic Church">Eucharistic fast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Communion" title="First Communion">First Communion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frequent_Communion" title="Frequent Communion">Frequent Communion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genuflection" title="Genuflection">Genuflection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_head_covering" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian head covering">Head cover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Host_desecration" title="Host desecration">Host desecration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infant_communion" title="Infant communion">Infant communion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intinction" title="Intinction">Intinction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reserved_sacrament" title="Reserved sacrament">Reserved sacrament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacramental_bread" title="Sacramental bread">Sacramental bread</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sacramental_wine" title="Sacramental wine">wine</a> (or <a href="/wiki/Must" title="Must">must</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spiritual_communion" title="Spiritual communion">Spiritual communion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thanksgiving_after_Communion" title="Thanksgiving after Communion">Thanksgiving after Communion</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Anima_Christi" title="Anima Christi">Anima Christi</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Viaticum" title="Viaticum">Viaticum</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Eucharistic_theology#Roman_Catholic_Church" title="Eucharistic theology">Eucharistic<br />theology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Body_of_Christ" title="Body of Christ">Body</a> and <a href="/wiki/Blood_of_Christ" title="Blood of Christ">Blood of Christ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feast_of_Corpus_Christi" title="Feast of Corpus Christi">Corpus Christi</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Epiousion" title="Epiousion">Epiousion</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grace_in_Christianity#Roman_Catholicism" title="Grace in Christianity">Grace</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Ex_opere_operato" title="Ex opere operato">ex opere operato</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/In_persona_Christi" title="In persona Christi">In persona Christi</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_roots_of_Catholic_Eucharistic_theology" class="mw-redirect" title="Historical roots of Catholic Eucharistic theology">Historical roots of Catholic Eucharistic theology</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Koinonia" title="Koinonia">Koinonia</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liturgical_colours" title="Liturgical colours">Liturgical colours</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mirae_caritatis" title="Mirae caritatis">Mirae caritatis</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mysterium_fidei_(encyclical)" title="Mysterium fidei (encyclical)"><i>Mysterium fidei</i> (encyclical)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Origin_of_the_Eucharist" title="Origin of the Eucharist">Origin of the Eucharist</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Last_Supper" title="Last Supper">Last Supper</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passion_of_Jesus" title="Passion of Jesus">Passion of Jesus</a> and its <a href="/wiki/Salvation_in_Christianity" title="Salvation in Christianity">salvific nature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priesthood_of_Melchizedek" title="Priesthood of Melchizedek">Priesthood of Melchizedek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real_presence_of_Christ_in_the_Eucharist#Catholic:_Objective,_substantial_and_entire" title="Real presence of Christ in the Eucharist">Real presence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transubstantiation" title="Transubstantiation">Transubstantiation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Year_of_the_Eucharist" title="Year of the Eucharist">Year of the Eucharist</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Regulations<br />and concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Accentus" title="Accentus">Accentus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ad_orientem" title="Ad orientem">Ad orientem</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Versus_populum" title="Versus populum">versus populum</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calendar_of_saints" title="Calendar of saints">Calendar of saints</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canon_law_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Canon law of the Catholic Church">Canon law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_of_Rubrics" title="Code of Rubrics">Code of Rubrics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commemoration_(liturgy)" title="Commemoration (liturgy)">Commemoration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Instruction_of_the_Roman_Missal" title="General Instruction of the Roman Missal">General Instruction of the Roman Missal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_day_of_obligation" title="Holy day of obligation">Holy day of obligation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intercession_of_saints" title="Intercession of saints">Intercession of saints</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_Mass" title="Order of Mass">Ordinary</a> and <a href="/wiki/Proper_(liturgy)" title="Proper (liturgy)">Propers</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pro_multis" title="Pro multis">Pro multis</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabbath_in_Christianity#Roman_Catholicism" title="Sabbath in Christianity">Sunday</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lord%27s_Day" title="Lord's Day">Lord's Day</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agape_feast" title="Agape feast">Agape feast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anaphora_of_the_Apostolic_Tradition" title="Anaphora of the Apostolic Tradition">Anaphora of the Apostolic Tradition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambrosian_Rite" title="Ambrosian Rite">Ambrosian Rite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_theology" title="Catholic theology">Catholic theology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_liturgy" title="Christian liturgy">Christian liturgy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_liturgy" title="Catholic liturgy">Catholic liturgy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Catholic_liturgy" title="Eastern Catholic liturgy">Eastern Catholic liturgy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_prayer" title="Christian prayer">Christian prayer</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prayer_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Prayer in the Catholic Church">effects of prayer</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dicastery_for_Divine_Worship_and_the_Discipline_of_the_Sacraments" title="Dicastery for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments">Dicastery for Divine Worship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Trent" title="Council of Trent">Council of Trent</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ecclesia_de_Eucharistia" title="Ecclesia de Eucharistia">Ecclesia de Eucharistia</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eucharistic_adoration" title="Eucharistic adoration">Eucharistic adoration</a> and <a href="/wiki/Benediction_of_the_Blessed_Sacrament" title="Benediction of the Blessed Sacrament">benediction</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Dominicae_cenae" title="Dominicae cenae">Dominicae Cenae</a></i> / <a href="/wiki/Holy_Hour" title="Holy Hour">Holy Hour</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eucharistic_miracle" title="Eucharistic miracle">Eucharistic miracle</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fermentum" title="Fermentum">Fermentum</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Council_of_the_Lateran" title="Fourth Council of the Lateran">Fourth Council of the Lateran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gelineau_psalmody" title="Gelineau psalmody">Gelineau psalmody</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregorian_chant" title="Gregorian chant">Gregorian chant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Roman_Canon" title="History of the Roman Canon">History of the Roman Canon</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lex_orandi,_lex_credendi" title="Lex orandi, lex credendi">Lex orandi, lex credendi</a></i></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Liturgical Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liturgical_reforms_of_Pope_Pius_XII" title="Liturgical reforms of Pope Pius XII">Liturgical reforms of Pope Pius XII</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mediator_Dei" title="Mediator Dei">Mediator Dei</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missale_Romanum_(apostolic_constitution)" title="Missale Romanum (apostolic constitution)"><i>Missale Romanum</i> (apostolic constitution)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contemporary_Catholic_liturgical_music" title="Contemporary Catholic liturgical music">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Paul_VI" title="Pope Paul VI">Pope Paul VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacraments_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Sacraments of the Catholic Church">Sacraments of the Catholic Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Vatican_Council" title="Second Vatican Council">Second Vatican Council</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Sacrosanctum_Concilium" title="Sacrosanctum Concilium">Sacrosanctum concilium</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Summorum_Pontificum" title="Summorum Pontificum">Summorum Pontificum</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Traditionis_custodes" title="Traditionis custodes">Traditionis custodes</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stercoranism" title="Stercoranism">Stercoranism</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tra_le_sollecitudini" title="Tra le 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