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System Operacyjny GNU i Ruch Wolnego Oprogramowania

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Co to jest GNU i&nbsp;o jakie wolności chodzi?</p> <div id="home"> <div class="first-column"> <h2>Czym jest GNU?</h2> <p>GNU jest systemem operacyjnym będącym <a href="/web/20160222183237/http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.html">wolnym oprogramowaniem</a>&nbsp;&ndash; respektującym Waszą wolność. Stworzenie GNU umożliwiło używanie komputera bez&nbsp;oprogramowania, które lekceważy Waszą wolność.</p> <p>Polecamy <a href="/web/20160222183237/http://www.gnu.org/distros/free-distros.html">wersje GNU</a> (a konkretnie dystrybucje GNU/Linux), które są w&nbsp;całości wolnym oprogramowaniem. <a href="#More-GNU">Więcej o GNU poniżej</a>.</p> <p class="c"><a href="/web/20160222183237/http://www.gnu.org/distros/screenshot.html"><img src="/web/20160222183237im_/http://www.gnu.org/distros/screenshots/trisquel.png" alt="Zrzut ekranu z GNU"/></a></p> <h2>Czym jest Ruch Wolnego Oprogramowania?</h2> <p>Ruch wolnego oprogramowania walczy aby&nbsp;użytkownicy komputerów mieli wolność, która pochodzi od&nbsp;wolnego oprogramowania. Wolne oprogramowanie daje władzę użytkownikom nad&nbsp;komputerem. Niewolne oprogramowanie daje władzę deweloperom oprogramowania nad&nbsp;użytkownikami. Zobacz <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160222183237/https://www.fsf.org/blogs/rms/20140407-geneva-tedx-talk-free-software-free-society">film objaśniający to zjawisko</a> [po angielsku].</p> <h2>Czym jest wolne oprogramowanie?</h2> <p><strong>Wolne oprogramowanie oznacza, że&nbsp;użytkownik ma możliwość uruchamiania, powielania, rozprowadzania, badania, zmieniania oraz&nbsp;ulepszania danego oprogramowania.</strong></p> <p>Wolne oprogramowanie to kwestia wolności, nie ceny. By zrozumieć tę koncepcję, powinniście myśleć o &bdquo;wolności słowa&rdquo;, a&nbsp;nie &bdquo;darmowym piwie&rdquo; [angielskie &bdquo;free&rdquo; znaczy najczęściej &bdquo;wolny&rdquo;, &bdquo;swobodny&rdquo;, ale&nbsp;może też oznaczać &bdquo;darmowy&rdquo;].</p> <p>Konkretnie, wolne oprogramowanie daje użytkownikowi <a href="/web/20160222183237/http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.html">cztery prawa</a>:</p> <ul> <li>Wolność do&nbsp;uruchamiania programu jak chcecie, w&nbsp;dowolnym celu (wolność 0).</li> <li>Wolność analizowania, jak program działa i&nbsp;dostosowywania go do&nbsp;swoich potrzeb (wolność 1). Warunkiem koniecznym jest tu dostęp do&nbsp;kodu źródłowego.</li> <li>Wolność do&nbsp;rozpowszechniania kopii, byście mogli pomóc innym ludziom (wolność 2).</li> <li>Wolność udoskonalania programu i&nbsp;publicznego rozpowszechniania własnych ulepszeń, dzięki czemu może z&nbsp;nich skorzystać cała społeczność (wolność 3). Warunkiem koniecznym jest tu dostęp do&nbsp;kodu źródłowego.</li> </ul> <p>Postęp w&nbsp;dziedzinie technologii i&nbsp;sieci spowodował, że&nbsp;te wolności są <a href="/web/20160222183237/http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html">bardziej ważne dziś</a>, niż były w&nbsp;1983 roku.</p> <p>Dziś ruch wolnego oprogramowania robi dużo więcej niż tylko rozwój systemu GNU. Odwiedź <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160222183237/https://fsf.org/">stronę Free Software Foundation</a> aby&nbsp;dowiedzieć się więcej o tym, co robimy, oraz&nbsp;listę <a href="/web/20160222183237/http://www.gnu.org/help">sposobów na&nbsp;jakie możecie pomóc</a>.</p> <h2>Więcej o GNU</h2> <p><a id="More-GNU">GNU</a> jest systemem Unikso-podobnym. To Oznacza, że&nbsp;jest zbiorem wielu programów: aplikacji, bibliotek, narzędzi deweloperskich, a&nbsp;nawet gier. Rozwój GNU, rozpoczęty w&nbsp;styczniu 1984 roku, jest znany jako Projekt GNU. Wiele programów w&nbsp;GNU są wydane z&nbsp;ramienia Projektu GNU; te nazywamy <a href="/web/20160222183237/http://www.gnu.org/software/">pakietami GNU</a>.</p> <p>Nazwa &bdquo;GNU&rdquo; jest rekurencyjnym akronimem znaczącym &bdquo;GNU's Not Unix&rdquo; [GNU nie jest UNIXem]. <a href="/web/20160222183237/http://www.gnu.org/pronunciation/pronunciation.html">jest wymawiana po&nbsp;prostu <em>gnu</em></a> jako jedna sylaba, jak by mówić po&nbsp;angielsku &bdquo;grew&rdquo; [<em>urosnąć</em>] ale&nbsp;zamieniając <em>r</em> na&nbsp;<em>n</em>.</p> <p>Program w&nbsp;systemie Uniksopodobnym, który zarządza zasobami komputera i&nbsp;komunikuje ze sprzętem nazywa się &bdquo;jądrem&rdquo;. GNU jest zwykle używane z&nbsp;jądrem o nazwie Linux. Ta kombinacja to <a href="/web/20160222183237/http://www.gnu.org/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html"><strong>System Operacyjny GNU/Linux</strong></a>. GNU/Linux jest używany przez miliony ludzi, choć&nbsp;wielu <a href="/web/20160222183237/http://www.gnu.org/gnu/gnu-linux-faq.html">przez pomyłkę nazywa go &bdquo;Linux&rdquo;</a>.</p> <p>Jądro GNU, <a href="/web/20160222183237/http://www.gnu.org/software/hurd/hurd.html">The Hurd</a>, zostało zapoczątkowane w&nbsp;1990 (przed Linuksem). Wolontariusze nadal pracują nad&nbsp;Hurd bo&nbsp;to projekt ciekawy z&nbsp;punktu widzenia technicznego.</p> <p><a href="/web/20160222183237/http://www.gnu.org/gnu/gnu.html">Więcej informacji</a>.</p> </div> <!-- /first-column --> <div class="second-column"> <p class="button c large"><a href="/web/20160222183237/http://www.gnu.org/distros/free-distros.html">Wypróbujcie GNU/Linux!</a></p> <div class="emph-box"> <h4 id="Flashes"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160222183237/http://planet.gnu.org/">Planet GNU</a> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160222183237/http://planet.gnu.org/rss20.xml"><img src="/web/20160222183237im_/http://www.gnu.org/feed-icon-10x10.png" alt="Kanał RSS"/></a></h4> <!-- Autogenerated by planetrss.pl 1.13 --> <p><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160222183237/http://www.fsf.org/blogs/community/get-ready-to-fork-the-system-at-libreplanet"> <span class="gnun-split"></span>Get ready to Fork the System at LibrePlanet<span class="gnun-split"></span></a><span class="gnun-split"></span>: Hundreds of people from around the world will meet at LibrePlanet 2016: Fork the System, March 19-20, 2016 at MIT in Cambridge, MA. This year's co... <span class="gnun-split"></span><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160222183237/http://www.fsf.org/blogs/community/get-ready-to-fork-the-system-at-libreplanet"><span class="gnun-split"></span>more<span class="gnun-split"></span></a></p> <p><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160222183237/http://www.fsf.org/events/rms-20160415-nantes"> <span class="gnun-split"></span>Richard Stallman to speak in Nantes, France<span class="gnun-split"></span></a><span class="gnun-split"></span>: The Free Software Movement campaigns for computer users' freedom to cooperate and control their own computing. The Free Software Movement developed... <span class="gnun-split"></span><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160222183237/http://www.fsf.org/events/rms-20160415-nantes"><span class="gnun-split"></span>more<span class="gnun-split"></span></a></p> <p><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160222183237/http://www.fsf.org/blogs/community/you-did-it-the-fundraiser-was-a-success-are-you-ready-for-whats-next"> <span class="gnun-split"></span>You did it! The fundraiser was a success -- are you ready for what's next?<span class="gnun-split"></span></a><span class="gnun-split"></span>: Once again, the free software community helped put the FSF in a strong position to tackle our list of free software... <span class="gnun-split"></span><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160222183237/http://www.fsf.org/blogs/community/you-did-it-the-fundraiser-was-a-success-are-you-ready-for-whats-next"><span class="gnun-split"></span>more<span class="gnun-split"></span></a></p> <p>Więcej aktualności znajduje się na&nbsp;<a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160222183237/http://planet.gnu.org/">Planet GNU</a> oraz&nbsp;na liście <a href="/web/20160222183237/http://www.gnu.org/software/recent-releases.html">ostatnio-wydanych programów GNU</a>.</p> <!-- home-pkgselect.html begins --> <!-- Automatically generated by select-blurbs.awk on Mon Feb 22 11:32:31 EST 2016 --> <!-- Next selections are going to be: aspell osip gnats superopt orgadoc autogen c-graph gcc gsrc inklingreader gnulib screen emms libsigsegv gnunet marst bpel2owfn --> <!-- home-pkgselect.html ends --> <!-- File generated by womb/gnumaint/gm Wed Feb 10 16:50:29 EST 2016 --> <h4 id="libc"> <a href="/web/20160222183237/http://www.gnu.org/software/libc/">GNU C Library</a></h4><p> The GNU C Library is the standard C library of the GNU system. It defines the system calls and other basic functionality necessary to write programs in the C language. It handles low-level functionality that communicates with the kernel, such as process and file management, as well as higher-level functionality such as string manipulation or command-line argument handling. <small>(<a href="/web/20160222183237/http://www.gnu.org/manual/manual.html#libc">doc</a>)</small></p> <!-- End file generated by womb/gnumaint/gm Wed Feb 10 16:50:29 EST 2016 --> <p><small><a href="/web/20160222183237/http://www.gnu.org/manual/blurbs.html">Krótkie opisy wszystkich pakietków GNU.</a></small></p> </div> <!-- class="emph-box" --> <div id="Action"> <!-- BEGIN TakeAction --> <h2>Podejmijcie działanie</h2> <ul> <li><strong><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160222183237/http://www.fsf.org/campaigns">Wspierajcie kampanie FSF</a></strong>.</li> <li>Brońcie <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160222183237/http://www.laquadrature.net/en/Privacy">prywatności</a> i&nbsp;wspierajcie <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160222183237/http://www.laquadrature.net/en/the-eu-commissions-outrageous-attempt-to-avoid-copyright-reform">globalną reformę praw autorskich</a> za&nbsp;pomocą <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160222183237/http://www.laquadrature.net/en/">LQDN</a>.</li> <li>Wesprzyj kampanię o&nbsp;neutralność sieci w&nbsp;Europie, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160222183237/http://www.savetheinternet.com/" title="Net neutrality in the United States of America">w&nbsp;USA</a> i&nbsp;<a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160222183237/http://saveournet.ca/" title="Net neutrality in Canada">w&nbsp;Kanadzie</a>.</li> <li><strong>Walczcie przeciwko patentom na&nbsp;oprogramowanie:</strong> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160222183237/http://www.endsoftpatents.org/">na&nbsp;całym świecie</a> <a href="/web/20160222183237/http://www.gnu.org/server/takeaction.html#swpat">i&nbsp;w&nbsp;Europie</a>.</li> <li><strong>Obejrzyjcie i&nbsp;podzielcie się tym filmem:</strong> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160222183237/http://patentabsurdity.com/">Patent Absurdity</a>&nbsp;&ndash; wykonany dzięki <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160222183237/http://www.fsf.org/associate/">członkom FSF</a> takich jak <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160222183237/http://fsf.org/jfb">Wy</a>.</li> <li><strong><a href="/web/20160222183237/http://www.gnu.org/server/takeaction.html#wipochange">Wzywajcie aby&nbsp;WIPO zmienił swoją nazwę i&nbsp;misję</a>.</strong></li> <li>Studenci! <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160222183237/http://www.aful.org/communiques/univ-offers-me-windows">Ubiegajcie się o&nbsp;zwrot nieużywanych licencji Windowsa</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20160222183237/http://www.gnu.org/server/takeaction.html#directory">Dodajcie do&nbsp;skorowidza wolnego oprogramowania</a>.</li> <li><a href="/web/20160222183237/http://www.gnu.org/server/takeaction.html">Więcej działań</a></li> </ul> <!-- END TakeAction --> </div> <!-- /Action --> </div> <!-- /second-column --> </div> <!-- /home --> <div class="highlight-para"> <p><strong>Czy&nbsp;jesteście w&nbsp;stanie się przyłączyć do&nbsp;jednego z&nbsp;tych <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160222183237/http://www.fsf.org/campaigns/priority-projects/">Projektów o&nbsp;wysokim priorytecie</a>?</strong> Gnash, coreboot, wolne dystrybucje GNU/Linux, GNU Octave, sterowniki dla routerów, dwustronne debugowanie w&nbsp;GDB, automatyczna transkrypcja, sterowniki PowerVR, oraz&nbsp;wolne programy zastępujące Skype, biblioteki OpenDWG, i&nbsp;Oracle Forms.</p> <p id="unmaint"><strong>Czy&nbsp;możecie przejąć <a href="/web/20160222183237/http://www.gnu.org/server/takeaction.html#unmaint">pakiet GNU pozbawiony opieki</a>?</strong> <a href="/web/20160222183237/http://www.gnu.org/software/halifax/">halifax</a>, <a href="/web/20160222183237/http://www.gnu.org/software/metahtml/">metahtml</a>, <a href="/web/20160222183237/http://www.gnu.org/software/orgadoc/">orgadoc</a>, <a href="/web/20160222183237/http://www.gnu.org/software/polyxmass/">polyxmass</a>, <a href="/web/20160222183237/http://www.gnu.org/software/teximpatient/">teximpatient</a>, wszystkie <a href="/web/20160222183237/http://www.gnu.org/server/takeaction.html#unmaint">czekają na&nbsp;opiekuna</a>. Także te pakiety szukają współ-opiekuna: <a href="/web/20160222183237/http://www.gnu.org/software/aspell/">aspell</a>, <a href="/web/20160222183237/http://www.gnu.org/software/gnuae/">gnuae</a>, <a href="/web/20160222183237/http://www.gnu.org/software/metaexchange/">metaexchange</a> i&nbsp;<a href="/web/20160222183237/http://www.gnu.org/software/powerguru/">powerguru</a>. Więcej informacji na&nbsp;stronie pakietu.</p> </div> <!-- /highlight-para --> <div class="translators-notes"> <!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.--> </div> </div> <!-- for id="content", starts in the include above --> <!-- begin server/footer-text.html --> <div id="fsf-links"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20160222183237/http://www.gnu.org/">Strona&nbsp;domowa&nbsp;GNU</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160222183237/http://www.fsf.org/">Strona&nbsp;domowa&nbsp;FSF</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20160222183237/http://www.gnu.org/graphics/graphics.html">Sztuka&nbsp;GNU</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20160222183237/http://www.gnu.org/people/people.html">Kto&nbsp;jest&nbsp;kim&nbsp;w&nbsp;GNU</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160222183237/http://directory.fsf.org/">Skorowidz&nbsp;wolnego&nbsp;oprogramowania</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160222183237/https://h-node.org/">Sprzęt</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20160222183237/http://www.gnu.org/server/sitemap.html">Mapa&nbsp;serwisu</a></li> </ul> </div> <!-- /fsf-links --> <div id="mission-statement"> <blockquote> <p><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160222183237/http://www.fsf.org/"><img id="fsfbanner" src="/web/20160222183237im_/http://www.gnu.org/graphics/fsf-logo-notext.png" alt="[logo FSF]"/></a><strong>&bdquo;Nasza misja to chronić i&nbsp;szerzyć wolność używania, poznawania, powielania, modyfikowania i&nbsp;rozprowadzania oprogramowania oraz&nbsp;chronić prawa użytkowników wolnego oprogramowania.&rdquo;</strong></p> </blockquote> <p><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160222183237/http://www.fsf.org/">Fundacja Wolnego Oprogramowania</a> jest główną organizacją sponsorującą System operacyjny GNU. <strong>Wspieraj GNU i&nbsp;FSF</strong> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160222183237/http://shop.fsf.org/">kupując podręczniki i&nbsp;drobiazgi</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160222183237/https://my.fsf.org/associate/support_freedom?referrer=4052"><strong>przyłączając się do&nbsp;FSF</strong></a> jako członek zrzeszony lub&nbsp;dając datek albo&nbsp;<a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160222183237/http://donate.fsf.org/">bezpośrednio do&nbsp;FSF</a> lub&nbsp;<a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160222183237/http://flattr.com/thing/313733/gnuproject-on-Flattr">przez Flattr</a>.</p> <p id="backtotop"><a href="#header">Do&nbsp;góry strony</a></p> </div> <!-- /mission-statement --> <!-- end server/footer-text.html --> <p id="sisters"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160222183237/http://www.fsf.org/">FSF</a> ma bratnie organizacje <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160222183237/http://www.fsfe.org/">w&nbsp;Europie</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160222183237/http://www.fsfla.org/">w&nbsp;Ameryce Łacińskiej</a> oraz&nbsp;<a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160222183237/http://fsf.org.in/">w&nbsp;Indiach</a>.</p> <div id="fs-gang"> <div class="img-container"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160222183237/http://www.fsf.org/working-together/gang">meet the free software gang<img src="/web/20160222183237im_/http://www.gnu.org/graphics/fs-gang.png" alt=" [FS gang] "/></a> </div> <!-- /img-container --> </div> <!-- /fs-gang --> <div id="footer"> <!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should be under CC BY-ND 4.0. Please do NOT change or remove this without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first. Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the document. For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the document was modified, or published. If you wish to list earlier years, that is ok too. Either "2001, 2002, 2003" or "2001-2003" are ok for specifying years, as long as each year in the range is in fact a copyrightable year, i.e., a year in which the document was published (including being publicly visible on the web or in a revision control system). There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. --> <p>Copyright &copy; 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015 <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160222183237/http://www.fsf.org/">Free Software Foundation</a>, Inc.</p> <p>Ta strona jest dostępna na&nbsp;<a rel="license" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160222183237/http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/deed.pl">licencji Creative Commons Uznanie autorstwa&nbsp;&ndash; Bez&nbsp;utworów zależnych 4.0 Międzynarodowe</a>.</p> <!-- start of server/bottom-notes.html --> <div class="unprintable"> <p><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160222183237/http://www.fsf.org/about/dmca-notice">Zgłaszanie naruszenia praw autorskich</a></p> </div> <!-- end of server/bottom-notes.html --> <div class="translators-credits"> <!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.--> Tłumaczenie: Wojciech Kotwica 2004, 2005, 2006, Jan Owoc 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015; poprawki: Jan Wieremjewicz 2010, Oskar Gałecki 2010.</div> <p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start --> Aktualizowane: $Date: 2015/11/01 14:02:41 $ <!-- timestamp end --> </p> </div> </div> </body> </html> <!-- FILE ARCHIVED ON 18:32:37 Feb 22, 2016 AND RETRIEVED FROM THE INTERNET ARCHIVE ON 12:33:32 Dec 01, 2024. 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