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Available in 10 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-10" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">10 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%87%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A9_(1087)" title="حملة المهدية (1087) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="حملة المهدية (1087)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cruzada_de_Mahd%C3%ADa_(1087)" title="Cruzada de Mahdía (1087) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Cruzada de Mahdía (1087)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Campagne_de_Mahdia" title="Campagne de Mahdia – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Campagne de Mahdia" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%A1%D5%B0%D5%A4%D5%AB%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB_%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%B7%D5%A1%D5%BE%D5%A1%D5%B6%D6%84_(1087)" title="Մահդիայի արշավանք (1087) – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մահդիայի արշավանք (1087)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crociata_di_Mahdia_(1087)" title="Crociata di Mahdia (1087) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Crociata di Mahdia (1087)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kruistocht_tegen_Mahdia_(1087)" title="Kruistocht tegen Mahdia (1087) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Kruistocht tegen Mahdia (1087)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wyprawa_na_Mahdijj%C4%99_(1087)" title="Wyprawa na Mahdijję (1087) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Wyprawa na Mahdijję (1087)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahdijski_pohod" title="Mahdijski pohod – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Mahdijski pohod" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1087_Mehdiye_Seferi" title="1087 Mehdiye Seferi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="1087 Mehdiye Seferi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link 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.stack{box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .stack>div{margin:1px;overflow:hidden}@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .stack-clear-left{float:left;clear:left}.mw-parser-output .stack-clear-right{float:right;clear:right}.mw-parser-output .stack-left{float:left}.mw-parser-output .stack-right{float:right}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-clear-left{float:left;clear:left;margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-clear-right{float:right;clear:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-left{float:left;margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-right{float:right;margin-left:1em}}</style><div class="stack mw-stack stack-clear-right"><div><table class="infobox vevent" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th class="summary" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Mahdia Campaign</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;line-height:1.5em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ships_on_the_wall_of_the_leaning_tower_of_Pisa.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Ships_on_the_wall_of_the_leaning_tower_of_Pisa.jpg/255px-Ships_on_the_wall_of_the_leaning_tower_of_Pisa.jpg" decoding="async" width="255" height="191" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Ships_on_the_wall_of_the_leaning_tower_of_Pisa.jpg/383px-Ships_on_the_wall_of_the_leaning_tower_of_Pisa.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Ships_on_the_wall_of_the_leaning_tower_of_Pisa.jpg/510px-Ships_on_the_wall_of_the_leaning_tower_of_Pisa.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a></span><br />Pisan ships on a relief on the <a href="/wiki/Leaning_Tower_of_Pisa" title="Leaning Tower of Pisa">Tower of Pisa</a><br />12th century</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><table style="width:100%;margin:0;padding:0;border:0;display:inline-table"><tbody><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Date</th><td>August 1087</td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Location</th><td><div class="location"><a href="/wiki/Mahdia" title="Mahdia">Mahdia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tunis" title="Tunis">Tunis</a></div></td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Result</th><td class="status"> <p>Pisan-Genoese victory </p> <ul><li>Sack of Mahdia and Zawila</li></ul></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Belligerents</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Pisa" title="Republic of Pisa">Pisa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Genoa" title="Republic of Genoa">Genoa</a><br /> Supported by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Victor_III" title="Pope Victor III">Victor III</a></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Zirid" class="mw-redirect" title="Zirid">Zirid</a> Emirate of <a href="/wiki/Ifriqiya" title="Ifriqiya">Ifriqiya</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Commanders and leaders</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> Ugo of Pisa <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Old English Text MT',serif"><b>†</b></span></a><br />Pantaleon of Amalfi</td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Tamim_ibn_Muizz" class="mw-redirect" title="Tamim ibn Muizz">Tamim ibn Muizz</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Strength</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> 300–400 ships</td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> Unknown</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Casualties and losses</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> Unknown</td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> Heavy<br />extensively looted</td></tr></tbody></table><div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output 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<p><b>In the Holy Land (1095–1291)</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Crusade" title="First Crusade">First</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crusade_of_1101" title="Crusade of 1101">1101</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Crusade" title="Norwegian Crusade">Norwegian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venetian_Crusade" title="Venetian Crusade">Venetian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crusade_of_1129" title="Crusade of 1129">1129</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Crusade" title="Second Crusade">Second</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Crusade" title="Third Crusade">Third</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crusade_of_1197" title="Crusade of 1197">1197</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Crusade" title="Fourth Crusade">Fourth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fifth_Crusade" title="Fifth Crusade">Fifth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sixth_Crusade" title="Sixth Crusade">Sixth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barons%27_Crusade" title="Barons' Crusade">Barons'</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seventh_Crusade" title="Seventh Crusade">Seventh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crusade_of_1267" title="Crusade of 1267">1267</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crusade_of_the_Infants_of_Aragon" title="Crusade of the Infants of Aragon">Catalan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eighth_Crusade" title="Eighth Crusade">Eighth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_Edward%27s_crusade" title="Lord Edward's crusade">Lord Edward's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Outremer" title="Fall of Outremer">Fall of Outremer</a></li></ul> <p><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_Crusades_to_Europe_and_the_Holy_Land#Later_Crusades_(1291-1578)" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Crusades to Europe and the Holy Land">Later Crusades</a> (1291–1717)</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crusades_after_Acre,_1291%E2%80%931399" class="mw-redirect" title="Crusades after Acre, 1291–1399">Crusades after Acre, 1291–1399</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aragonese_Crusade" title="Aragonese Crusade">Aragonese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smyrniote_crusades" title="Smyrniote crusades">Smyrniote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandrian_Crusade" title="Alexandrian Crusade">Alexandrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savoyard_crusade" title="Savoyard crusade">Savoyard</a></li> <li>Barbary <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barbary_Crusade" title="Barbary Crusade">1390</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crusade_of_Tedelis" title="Crusade of Tedelis">1398</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bona_crusade" title="Bona crusade">1399</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Nicopolis" title="Battle of Nicopolis">Nicopolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crusade_of_Varna" title="Crusade of Varna">Varna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_League" title="Holy League">Holy Leagues</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Holy_League_(1332)" title="Holy League (1332)">1332</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_League_(1495)" class="mw-redirect" title="Holy League (1495)">1495</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_the_League_of_Cambrai#Holy_League" title="War of the League of Cambrai">1511</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_the_League_of_Cognac" title="War of the League of Cognac">1526</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_League_(1535)" title="Holy League (1535)">1535</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_League_(1538)" title="Holy League (1538)">1538</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_League_(1571)" title="Holy League (1571)">1571</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_League_(1594)" title="Holy League (1594)">1594</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_League_(1684)" title="Holy League (1684)">1684</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_League_(1717)" title="Holy League (1717)">1717</a></li></ul></li></ul> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Northern_Crusades" title="Northern Crusades">Northern</a> (1147–1410)</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kalmare_ledung" class="mw-redirect" title="Kalmare ledung">Kalmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wendish_Crusade" title="Wendish Crusade">Wendish</a></li> <li>Swedish <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Swedish_Crusade" title="First Swedish Crusade">1150</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Swedish_Crusade" title="Second Swedish Crusade">1249</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Swedish_Crusade" title="Third Swedish Crusade">1293</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Livonian_Crusade" title="Livonian Crusade">Livonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prussian_Crusade" title="Prussian Crusade">Prussian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Crusade" title="Lithuanian Crusade">Lithuanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Livonian_campaign_against_Rus%27" class="mw-redirect" title="Livonian campaign against Rus'">Russian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Vorskla_River" title="Battle of the Vorskla River">Tatar</a></li></ul> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Crusades_against_Christians" title="Crusades against Christians">Against Christians</a> (1209–1588)</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albigensian_Crusade" title="Albigensian Crusade">Albigensian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drenther_Crusade" title="Drenther Crusade">Drenther</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stedinger_Crusade" title="Stedinger Crusade">Stedinger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosnian_Crusade" title="Bosnian Crusade">Bosnian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bohemian_Crusade_(1340)" title="Bohemian Crusade (1340)">Bohemian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Despenser%27s_Crusade" title="Despenser's Crusade">Despenser's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hussite_Wars" title="Hussite Wars">Hussite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Armada" title="Spanish Armada">Spanish Armada</a></li></ul> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Popular_crusades" title="Popular crusades">Popular</a> (1096–1320)</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Crusade" title="People's Crusade">People's (1096)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Children%27s_Crusade" title="Children's Crusade">Children's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shepherds%27_Crusade_(1251)" title="Shepherds' Crusade (1251)">Shepherds' (1251)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crusade_of_the_Poor" title="Crusade of the Poor">Crusade of the Poor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shepherds%27_Crusade_(1320)" title="Shepherds' Crusade (1320)">Shepherds' (1320)</a></li></ul> <b><a href="/wiki/Reconquista" title="Reconquista">Reconquista</a> (722–1492)</b></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div> <p>The <b>Mahdia campaign of 1087</b> was a raid on the <a href="/wiki/North_Africa" title="North Africa">North African</a> town of <a href="/wiki/Mahdia" title="Mahdia">Mahdia</a> by armed ships from the northern Italian <a href="/wiki/Maritime_republics" title="Maritime republics">maritime republics</a> of <a href="/wiki/Genoa" title="Genoa">Genoa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pisa" title="Pisa">Pisa</a>. </p><p>Mahdia had been the capital of <a href="/wiki/Ifriqiya" title="Ifriqiya">Ifriqiya</a> under the <a href="/wiki/Fatimid_Caliphate" title="Fatimid Caliphate">Fatimids</a>, chosen due to its proximity to the sea which allowed them to conduct naval raids and expeditions such as the <a href="/wiki/Fatimid_sack_of_Genoa" title="Fatimid sack of Genoa">raid on Genoa in 935</a>. After the Fatimid conquest of Egypt, the region was under the control of the <a href="/wiki/Zirid_dynasty" title="Zirid dynasty">Zirids</a> who remained part of the Fatimid Caliphate until 1048 when the Zirids renounced Shia Islam. In response, the Fatimids send the Arab tribes to Ifriqiya to subdue the revolt. As a result of the ongoing fighting and anarchy, the previously flourishing agriculture decreased and the coastal towns became more important as both centers for maritime trade as well as bases for piracy against Christian shipping.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The raid had been prompted by the actions of the <a href="/wiki/Zirid" class="mw-redirect" title="Zirid">Zirid</a> ruler <a href="/wiki/Tamim_ibn_Muizz" class="mw-redirect" title="Tamim ibn Muizz">Tamim ibn Muizz</a> (reigned 1062–1108) as a pirate in waters off the <a href="/wiki/Italian_Peninsula" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian Peninsula">Italian Peninsula</a>, along with his involvement in <a href="/wiki/Sicily" title="Sicily">Sicily</a> fighting the <a href="/wiki/Norman_invasion_of_Sicily" class="mw-redirect" title="Norman invasion of Sicily">Norman invasion</a>. In this context, Tamin had ravaged the Calabrian coast in 1074, taking many slaves in the process, and capturing temporarily <a href="/wiki/Mazara_del_Vallo" title="Mazara del Vallo">Mazara</a> in Sicily in 1075 before negotiating a truce with <a href="/wiki/Roger_I_of_Sicily" title="Roger I of Sicily">Roger</a> that ended Tamin's support for the emirs of Sicily.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>These campaigns and raids by other Arab pirates threatened the growing economic interests of the Italian maritime republics and thus provided motivation for attacking the Zirid stronghold.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This had led the Pisans to engage in military action before Mahdia, such as in briefly seizing of Bone in 1034 and military aiding the Norman conquest of Sicily in 1063.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The attack was led by <a href="/wiki/Hugh_of_Pisa" class="mw-redirect" title="Hugh of Pisa">Hugh of Pisa</a>, with military aid from <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Genoese_navy" title="Genoese navy">Genoese navy</a>; the nobleman <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pantaleon_of_Amalfi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pantaleon of Amalfi (page does not exist)">Pantaleone</a> from <a href="/wiki/Amalfi" title="Amalfi">Amalfi</a> was also possibly involved, and the whole endeavour had the backing of <a href="/wiki/Matilda_of_Tuscany" title="Matilda of Tuscany">Matilda of Tuscany</a>. Most likely no cavalry was used as neither Latin nor Arab sources mention horses or cavalry, pointing out that capabilities to transport horses on long distance journeys was at this time beyond the capabilities of the Italian republics.<sup id="cite_ref-Crusades_7_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Crusades_7-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The united forces succeeded in capturing the city, burning Mahdia's fleet as well as extracting from Tamin an indenmity which was shared between Pisa and Genoa. As they could not hold the city, it was possibly offered to Roger of Sicily, who refused due to the treaty he had made with Tamin earlier.<sup id="cite_ref-agrant_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-agrant-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A big part of the indemnity was spent on the <a href="/wiki/Cathedral_of_Pisa" class="mw-redirect" title="Cathedral of Pisa">cathedral at Pisa</a> and to build a new church dedicated to St. Sixtus. Among the captured goods may have been the <a href="/wiki/Pisa_Griffin" title="Pisa Griffin">Pisa Griffin</a>, the largest medieval Islamic metal sculpture known.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tamin seems to have been also forced to not attack the Christians again and release his captives. The city was </p><p>Crusade historian <a href="/wiki/Carl_Erdmann" title="Carl Erdmann">Carl Erdmann</a> considers the raid a direct precursor to the <a href="/wiki/First_Crusade" title="First Crusade">First Crusade</a> ("<i>ganz als Kreuzzug ausgeführt</i>") which occurred eight years later, as it was conducted under the banner of <a href="/wiki/Saint_Peter" title="Saint Peter">St. Peter</a> against a Muslim ruler who was demonised in the accounts of it, and a form of <a href="/wiki/Indulgence" title="Indulgence">indulgence</a> was granted to the campaigners by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Victor_III" title="Pope Victor III">Pope Victor III</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On the other hand, Alasdair Grant makes the point that references to the papacy are scanty and ambiguous.<sup id="cite_ref-agrant_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-agrant-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However the case, it may well be argued that the destruction of the naval forces of Mahdia contributed to the success of the First Crusade by allowing the supplying of <a href="/wiki/Outremer" class="mw-redirect" title="Outremer">Outremer</a> by sea.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mahdia_campaign_of_1087&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Mahdia campaign of 1087 is featured in several primary sources from both the Latin and the Arab sides. Notably on the Latin side in the <i><a href="/wiki/Carmen_in_victoriam_Pisanorum" title="Carmen in victoriam Pisanorum">Carmen</a></i> of Pisa, the <i>De rebus gestis Rogerii et Roberti</i> of <a href="/wiki/Goffredo_Malaterra" title="Goffredo Malaterra">Malaterra</a>, the <i>Chronica Monasterii Cassinensis</i> of <a href="/wiki/Monte_Cassino" title="Monte Cassino">Monte Cassino</a> and the <i><a href="/wiki/Annales_Beneventani" title="Annales Beneventani">Annales Beneventani</a></i> from <a href="/wiki/Benevento" title="Benevento">Benevento</a>. On the Arab side in a <a href="/wiki/Qasida" title="Qasida">Qasida</a> of Abu al-Hasan ibn Muhammad al-Haddad transmitted by <a href="/wiki/Abu_as-Salt" title="Abu as-Salt">Abu as-Salt</a>, the <i><a href="/wiki/The_Complete_History" title="The Complete History">Al-Kāmil</a></i> of <a href="/wiki/Ibn_al-Athir" title="Ibn al-Athir">Ibn al-Athir</a> ca. 1231 / 628 AH, the <i><a href="/wiki/Al-Bayan_al-Mughrib" title="Al-Bayan al-Mughrib">Al-Bayan al-Mughrib</a></i> of <a href="/wiki/Ibn_%27Idhari" title="Ibn 'Idhari">Ibn 'Idhari</a> ca. 1312 / 712 AH and in the encyclopedia of <a href="/wiki/Al-Nuwayri" title="Al-Nuwayri">Al-Nuwayri</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-agrant_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-agrant-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mahdia_campaign_of_1087&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mahdia_campaign_of_1123" title="Mahdia campaign of 1123">Mahdia campaign of 1123</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mahdia_campaign_of_1087&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.persee.fr/doc/ccmed%200007-9731%201968%20num%2011%2043%201452">Idris H. Roger, L'invasion hilālienne et ses conséquences, in : Cahiers de civilisation médiévale (43), Jul.-Sep. 1968, pp.353-369.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7fbdYk0-gisC&q=Tamim&pg=PA176">Brown, Gordon S. "The Norman Conquest of Southern Italy and Sicily". McFarland. May 2015, p. 176</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/H._E._J._Cowdrey" title="H. E. J. Cowdrey">Cowdrey, H. E. J.</a> "The Mahdia Campaign of 1087." <i><a href="/wiki/The_English_Historical_Review" title="The English Historical Review">The English Historical Review</a></i>, <b>92</b>:362 (January 1977), 1–29.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">King, Matt. "Perceptions of Islam in the Carmen in Victoriam Pisanorum" Published in Hortulus: <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://hortulus-journal.com/king">https://hortulus-journal.com/king</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Crusades_7-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Crusades_7_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFKedarPhillipsRiley-Smith2016" class="citation book cs1">Kedar, Benjamin Z.; Phillips, Jonathan; Riley-Smith, Jonathan (August 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=V1jUDAAAQBAJ&q=tzachas"><i>Crusades: Volume 7</i></a>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1351985567" title="Special:BookSources/978-1351985567"><bdi>978-1351985567</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 April</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Crusades%3A+Volume+7&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2016-08&rft.isbn=978-1351985567&rft.aulast=Kedar&rft.aufirst=Benjamin+Z.&rft.au=Phillips%2C+Jonathan&rft.au=Riley-Smith%2C+Jonathan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DV1jUDAAAQBAJ%26q%3Dtzachas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMahdia+campaign+of+1087" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-agrant-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-agrant_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-agrant_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-agrant_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"> Grant, Alasdair C. "Pisan Perspectives: The <i>Carmen in victoriam</i> and Holy War, c.1000–1150". <i>The English Historical Review</i>, <b>131</b>:552 (October 2016), 983–1009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ettinghausen, Richard; Grabar, Oleg; Jenkins-Madina, Marilyn, eds. (2001). Islamic Art and Architecture, 650-1250. Yale University Press, p. 302.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Erdmann, Carl. <i>The Origin of the Idea of Crusade</i>, tr. Marshall W. Baldwin and <a href="/wiki/Walter_Goffart" title="Walter Goffart">Walter Goffart</a>. <a href="/wiki/Princeton_University_Press" title="Princeton University Press">Princeton University Press</a>, 1977.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Fuller, J.F.C., <i>A Military History of the Western World, Volume I</i>, Da Capo Press, 1987, p. 408 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-306-80304-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-306-80304-6">0-306-80304-6</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">France, John, <i>Medieval Warfare 1000–1300</i>, Routledge, 2006, p. 496-97 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7546-2515-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-7546-2515-X">0-7546-2515-X</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mahdia_campaign_of_1087&oldid=1249518033">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mahdia_campaign_of_1087&oldid=1249518033</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Battles_involving_the_Republic_of_Genoa" title="Category:Battles involving the Republic of Genoa">Battles involving the Republic of Genoa</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Battles_involving_the_Republic_of_Pisa" title="Category:Battles involving the Republic of Pisa">Battles involving the Republic of Pisa</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Military_history_of_Tunisia" title="Category:Military history of Tunisia">Military history of Tunisia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Conflicts_in_1087" title="Category:Conflicts in 1087">Conflicts in 1087</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1087" title="Category:1087">1087</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Battles_involving_the_Zirid_dynasty" title="Category:Battles involving the Zirid dynasty">Battles involving the Zirid dynasty</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:History_of_Mahdia" title="Category:History of Mahdia">History of Mahdia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:11th_century_in_Ifriqiya" title="Category:11th century in Ifriqiya">11th century in Ifriqiya</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 5 October 2024, at 10:08<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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