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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">nascondi</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigazione </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pagina_principale" title="Visita la pagina principale [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Pagina principale</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciale:UltimeModifiche" title="Elenco delle ultime modifiche del sito [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Ultime modifiche</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciale:PaginaCasuale" title="Mostra una pagina a caso [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Una voce a caso</span></a></li><li id="n-nearby-pages-title" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciale:NelleVicinanze"><span>Nelle vicinanze</span></a></li><li id="n-vetrina" class="mw-list-item"><a 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aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Aspetto" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Aspetto</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=it.wikipedia.org&uselang=it" class=""><span>Fai una donazione</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:CreaUtenza&returnto=Bash" title="Si consiglia di registrarsi e di effettuare l'accesso, anche se non è obbligatorio" class=""><span>registrati</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:Entra&returnto=Bash" title="Si consiglia di effettuare l'accesso, anche se non è obbligatorio [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>entra</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div 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class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=it.wikipedia.org&uselang=it"><span>Fai una donazione</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:CreaUtenza&returnto=Bash" title="Si consiglia di registrarsi e di effettuare l'accesso, anche se non è obbligatorio"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>registrati</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:Entra&returnto=Bash" title="Si consiglia di effettuare l'accesso, anche se non è obbligatorio [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>entra</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pagine per utenti anonimi <a href="/wiki/Aiuto:Benvenuto" aria-label="Ulteriori informazioni sulla contribuzione"><span>ulteriori informazioni</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciale:MieiContributi" title="Un elenco delle modifiche fatte da questo indirizzo IP [y]" accesskey="y"><span>contributi</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciale:MieDiscussioni" title="Discussioni sulle modifiche fatte da questo indirizzo IP [n]" accesskey="n"><span>discussioni</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Sito"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Indice" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Indice</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">sposta nella barra laterale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">nascondi</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inizio</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Descrizione" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Descrizione"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Descrizione</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Descrizione-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Attiva/disattiva la sottosezione Descrizione</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Descrizione-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Caratteristiche" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Caratteristiche"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Caratteristiche</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Caratteristiche-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bash_e_lo_standard_POSIX" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bash_e_lo_standard_POSIX"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Bash e lo standard POSIX</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bash_e_lo_standard_POSIX-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-File_letti_all'avvio" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#File_letti_all'avvio"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>File letti all'avvio</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-File_letti_all'avvio-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Esempi_esplicativi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Esempi_esplicativi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Esempi esplicativi</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Esempi_esplicativi-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Attiva/disattiva la sottosezione Esempi esplicativi</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Esempi_esplicativi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Strutture_condizionali" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Strutture_condizionali"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Strutture condizionali</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Strutture_condizionali-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Note" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Note"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Note</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Note-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliografia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Bibliografia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Voci_correlate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Voci_correlate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Voci correlate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Voci_correlate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Altri_progetti" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Altri_progetti"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Altri progetti</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Altri_progetti-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Collegamenti_esterni" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Collegamenti_esterni"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Collegamenti esterni</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Collegamenti_esterni-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Indice" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Indice" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Mostra/Nascondi l'indice" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Mostra/Nascondi l'indice</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Bash</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Vai a una voce in un'altra lingua. Disponibile in 45 lingue" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-45" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">45 lingue</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B4_(%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86%D9%83%D8%B3)" title="باش (يونكس) - arabo" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="باش (يونكس)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bash" title="Bash - azerbaigiano" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Bash" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaigiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bash" title="Bash - bielorusso" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Bash" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bielorusso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bash" title="Bash - bulgaro" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Bash" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B6_(%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B8_%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2)" title="ব্যাশ (ইউনিক্স শেল) - bengalese" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ব্যাশ (ইউনিক্স শেল)" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bash" title="Bash - bosniaco" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Bash" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bash" title="Bash - catalano" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Bash" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bash" title="Bash - ceco" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Bash" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="ceco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bash" title="Bash - danese" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Bash" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bash_(Shell)" title="Bash (Shell) - tedesco" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Bash (Shell)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tedesco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%AD%CE%BB%CF%85%CF%86%CE%BF%CF%82_bash" title="Κέλυφος bash - greco" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κέλυφος bash" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bash_(Unix_shell)" title="Bash (Unix shell) - inglese" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Bash (Unix shell)" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bash" title="Bash - esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Bash" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bash" title="Bash - spagnolo" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Bash" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bash" title="Bash - estone" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Bash" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bash" title="Bash - basco" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Bash" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%87_Bash" title="پوسته Bash - persiano" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پوسته Bash" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bash" title="Bash - finlandese" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Bash" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bourne-Again_shell" title="Bourne-Again shell - francese" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Bourne-Again shell" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bash" title="Bash - galiziano" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Bash" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiziano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%90%D7%A9" title="באש - ebraico" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="באש" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ebraico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bash" title="Bash - croato" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Bash" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croato" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bash" title="Bash - ungherese" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Bash" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungherese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bash_(syel_Unix)" title="Bash (syel Unix) - indonesiano" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bash (syel Unix)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bash" title="Bash - islandese" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Bash" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bash" title="Bash - giapponese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="Bash" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="giapponese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B0%B0%EC%8B%9C_(%EC%9C%A0%EB%8B%89%EC%8A%A4_%EC%85%B8)" title="배시 (유닉스 셸) - coreano" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="배시 (유닉스 셸)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7%E0%B5%8D" title="ബാഷ് - malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ബാഷ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bash" title="Bash - malese" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Bash" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bash" title="Bash - olandese" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Bash" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="olandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bash" title="Bash - norvegese bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Bash" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegese bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bash" title="Bash - polacco" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Bash" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polacco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bash" title="Bash - portoghese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Bash" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portoghese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bash" title="Bash - rumeno" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Bash" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumeno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bash" title="Bash - russo" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Bash" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bash" title="Bash - serbo-croato" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Bash" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbo-croato" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bash" title="Bash - slovacco" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Bash" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovacco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%88_(%D0%88%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%81_%D1%99%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0)" title="Баш (Јуникс љуска) - serbo" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Баш (Јуникс љуска)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bash" title="Bash - svedese" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Bash" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svedese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%8A" title="แบช - thailandese" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="แบช" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bash" title="Bash - turco" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Bash" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bash" title="Bash - ucraino" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Bash" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bash" title="Bash - vietnamita" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Bash" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamita" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bash" title="Bash - cinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="Bash" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="cinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bash" title="Bash - cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="Bash" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q189248#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifica collegamenti interlinguistici" class="wbc-editpage">Modifica collegamenti</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespace"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Bash" title="Vedi la voce [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Voce</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Discussione:Bash" rel="discussion" title="Vedi le discussioni relative a questa pagina [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Discussione</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Cambia versione linguistica" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">italiano</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Visite"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Bash"><span>Leggi</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bash&veaction=edit" title="Modifica questa pagina [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modifica</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bash&action=edit" title="Modifica il wikitesto di questa pagina [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modifica wikitesto</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bash&action=history" title="Versioni precedenti di questa pagina [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Cronologia</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Strumenti pagine"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Strumenti" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Strumenti</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Strumenti</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">sposta nella barra laterale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">nascondi</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Altre opzioni" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Azioni </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Bash"><span>Leggi</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bash&veaction=edit" title="Modifica questa pagina [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modifica</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bash&action=edit" title="Modifica il wikitesto di questa pagina [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modifica wikitesto</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bash&action=history"><span>Cronologia</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Generale </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciale:PuntanoQui/Bash" title="Elenco di tutte le pagine che sono collegate a questa [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Puntano qui</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciale:ModificheCorrelate/Bash" rel="nofollow" title="Elenco delle ultime modifiche alle pagine collegate a questa [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Modifiche correlate</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bash&oldid=133279124" title="Collegamento permanente a questa versione di questa pagina"><span>Link permanente</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bash&action=info" title="Ulteriori informazioni su questa pagina"><span>Informazioni pagina</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:Cita&page=Bash&id=133279124&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informazioni su come citare questa pagina"><span>Cita questa voce</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fit.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FBash"><span>Ottieni URL breve</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fit.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FBash"><span>Scarica codice QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Stampa/esporta </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:Libro&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Bash"><span>Crea un libro</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:DownloadAsPdf&page=Bash&action=show-download-screen"><span>Scarica come PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bash&printable=yes" title="Versione stampabile di questa pagina [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versione stampabile</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In altri progetti </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:GNU_Bash" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q189248" title="Collegamento all'elemento connesso dell'archivio dati [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Elemento Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Strumenti pagine"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aspetto"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Aspetto</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">sposta nella barra laterale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">nascondi</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Da Wikipedia, l'enciclopedia libera.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="it" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r133964453">.mw-parser-output .avviso .mbox-text-div>div,.mw-parser-output .avviso .mbox-text-full-div>div{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .avviso .mbox-image{flex-basis:52px;flex-grow:0;flex-shrink:0}.mw-parser-output .avviso .mbox-text-full-div .hide-when-compact{display:block}</style><div style="" class="ambox metadata noprint plainlinks avviso avviso-struttura"> <div class="avviso-immagine mbox-image noprint"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Split-arrows.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Dividi"><img alt="Dividi" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Split-arrows.svg/50px-Split-arrows.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Split-arrows.svg/75px-Split-arrows.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Split-arrows.svg/100px-Split-arrows.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div> <div class="avviso-testo mbox-text"> <div class="mbox-text-div"><b>Si propone di <a href="/wiki/Aiuto:Scorporo" title="Aiuto:Scorporo">dividere</a> questa pagina in due, creandone un'altra intitolata <a href="/wiki/Bourne_shell" title="Bourne shell">Bourne shell</a></b>. <div class="hide-when-compact"><b>Commento</b>: <i>Propongo di dividere il programma dal linguaggio di programmazione, anche se derivato</i> <div class="noprint"><hr />Segui i consigli sulla <a href="/wiki/Aiuto:Dimensioni_della_voce" title="Aiuto:Dimensioni della voce">dimensione delle voci</a>. Vedi anche la <a href="/wiki/Discussione:Bash" title="Discussione:Bash">discussione</a>.</div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r143074810">.mw-parser-output .sinottico{background-color:#f8f9fa;border:1px solid #c8ccd1;border-spacing:0;clear:right;float:right;font-size:95%;line-height:1.4em;margin:0 0 1em 1.5em;width:280px}.mw-parser-output .sinottico caption{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sinottico>tbody>tr>th:not(:only-child),.mw-parser-output .sinottico_annidata>tbody>tr>th:not(:only-child){background-color:#f3f3f3;border-right:1px solid #e5e5e8;text-align:left;vertical-align:top}.mw-parser-output .sinottico>tbody>tr:not(:last-child)>td,.mw-parser-output .sinottico>tbody>tr:not(:last-child)>th,.mw-parser-output .sinottico_annidata>tbody>tr>td,.mw-parser-output .sinottico_annidata>tbody>tr>th{border-bottom:1px solid #e0e0e0}.mw-parser-output .sinottico>tbody>tr>td,.mw-parser-output .sinottico>tbody>tr>th:not(:only-child),.mw-parser-output .sinottico_annidata>tbody>tr>td,.mw-parser-output .sinottico_annidata>tbody>tr>th:not(:only-child){padding:.25em .4em}.mw-parser-output .sinottico>tbody>tr>td,.mw-parser-output .sinottico_annidata>tbody>tr>td{vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .sinottico>tbody>tr>td>hr:only-child{margin:0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sinottico ul{margin:0 0 0 1em;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .sinottico_annidata{border-spacing:0;margin:0 -.4em;width:calc(100% + calc(.4em*2))}.mw-parser-output .sinottico_annidata:last-child{margin-bottom:-.2em}.mw-parser-output .sinottico_annidata:last-child>tbody>tr:last-child>td,.mw-parser-output .sinottico_annidata:last-child>tbody>tr:last-child>th{border-bottom:none}.mw-parser-output .sinottico_divisione+.sinottico_divisione>th,.mw-parser-output .sinottico_testata+.sinottico_divisione>th{border-top:2px solid #f8f9fa}.mw-parser-output .sinottico_divisione th{background-color:#eeeeee;padding:.15em .4em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sinottico_piede{text-align:center;font-size:90%;background:#EFEFEF}.mw-parser-output .sinottico_piede2{background-color:white;font-size:xx-small;padding-bottom:0;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .sinottico_sottotitolo{font-size:80%}.mw-parser-output .sinottico_testata th{background-color:#dedede;font-size:116%;padding:.2em .4em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sinottico_testo_centrale{text-align:center}</style><table class="infobox sinottico" summary="Tabella sinottica che riassume i principali dati del soggetto"><tbody><tr class="sinottico_testata"><th colspan="2">Bash<br /><span class="sinottico_sottotitolo"><a href="/wiki/Software" title="Software">software</a></span></th></tr><tr><td class="sinottico_testo_centrale" colspan="2"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Gnu-bash-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Logo"><img alt="Logo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Gnu-bash-logo.svg/120px-Gnu-bash-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="42" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Gnu-bash-logo.svg/150px-Gnu-bash-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Gnu-bash-logo.svg/200px-Gnu-bash-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="216" data-file-height="91" /></a><figcaption>Logo</figcaption></figure></td></tr><tr><td class="sinottico_testo_centrale" colspan="2"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Command_line.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Schermata di esempio"><img alt="Schermata di esempio" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Command_line.png/330px-Command_line.png" decoding="async" width="260" height="222" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Command_line.png/500px-Command_line.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Command_line.png/520px-Command_line.png 2x" data-file-width="802" data-file-height="685" /></a><figcaption>Schermata di esempio</figcaption></figure> </td></tr><tr><th>Genere</th><td><a href="/wiki/Shell_(informatica)" title="Shell (informatica)">Shell</a> </td></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Sviluppatore_di_software" title="Sviluppatore di software">Sviluppatore</a></th><td><a href="/wiki/Progetto_GNU" title="Progetto GNU">progetto GNU</a> </td></tr><tr><th>Data prima versione</th><td>8 giugno 1989 </td></tr><tr><th>Ultima versione</th><td>5.2.37 (23 settembre 2024) </td></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Sistema_operativo" title="Sistema operativo">Sistema operativo</a></th><td><a href="/wiki/GNU/Linux" class="mw-redirect" title="GNU/Linux">GNU/Linux</a> <sup id="cite_ref-Distributions_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Distributions-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><a href="/wiki/Unix-like" title="Unix-like">Unix-like</a><br /><a href="/wiki/MacOS" title="MacOS">macOS</a> </td></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Linguaggio_di_programmazione" title="Linguaggio di programmazione">Linguaggio</a></th><td><a href="/wiki/C_(linguaggio_di_programmazione)" title="C (linguaggio di programmazione)">C</a> </td></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Licenza_(informatica)" title="Licenza (informatica)">Licenza</a></th><td><a href="/wiki/GNU_GPL_v3%2B" class="mw-redirect" title="GNU GPL v3+">GNU GPL v3+</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Licenza_di_software_libero" title="Licenza di software libero">licenza libera</a>) </td></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Sito_web" title="Sito web">Sito web</a></th><td><span style="word-break: break-all;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gnu.org/software/bash/">www.gnu.org/software/bash/</a></span> </td></tr><tr><td class="sinottico_piede2 noprint nomobile metadata" colspan="2"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189248" class="extiw" title="d:Q189248"><span title="Modifica i dati della voce Bash su Wikidata">Modifica dati su Wikidata</span></a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Template:Software/man" title="Template:Software/man"><span title="Manuale del template Software">Manuale</span></a></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r143074810" /><table class="infobox sinottico" summary="Tabella sinottica che riassume i principali dati del soggetto"><tbody><tr class="sinottico_testata"><th colspan="2">Bash<br /><span class="sinottico_sottotitolo"><a href="/wiki/Linguaggio_di_programmazione" title="Linguaggio di programmazione">linguaggio di programmazione</a></span></th></tr><tr><td class="sinottico_testo_centrale" colspan="2"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Gnu-bash-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Gnu-bash-logo.svg/260px-Gnu-bash-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="260" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Gnu-bash-logo.svg/390px-Gnu-bash-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Gnu-bash-logo.svg/520px-Gnu-bash-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="216" data-file-height="91" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></td></tr><tr><th>Autore</th><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chet_Ramey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chet Ramey (la pagina non esiste)">Chet Ramey</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Brian_Fox&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brian Fox (la pagina non esiste)">Brian Fox</a> </td></tr><tr><th>Data di origine</th><td>1989 </td></tr><tr><th>Ultima versione</th><td>5.2.37 (23 settembre 2024) </td></tr><tr><th>Utilizzo</th><td>scripting di sistema </td></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Paradigma_di_programmazione" title="Paradigma di programmazione">Paradigmi</a></th><td>programmazione procedurale </td></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Sistema_dei_tipi" title="Sistema dei tipi">Tipizzazione</a></th><td>debole </td></tr><tr><th>Influenzato da</th><td>ALGOL 68, <a href="/wiki/Bourne_shell" title="Bourne shell">Bourne shell</a>, <a href="/wiki/C_shell" title="C shell">C shell</a> e <a href="/wiki/Korn_shell" title="Korn shell">Korn shell</a> </td></tr><tr class="sinottico_divisione"><th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Implementazione_di_riferimento" title="Implementazione di riferimento">Implementazione di riferimento</a></th></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Licenza_(informatica)" title="Licenza (informatica)">Licenza</a></th><td><a href="/wiki/GNU_GPL_v3%2B" class="mw-redirect" title="GNU GPL v3+">GNU GPL v3+</a> </td></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Sito_web" title="Sito web">Sito web</a></th><td><span style="word-break: break-all;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gnu.org/software/bash/">www.gnu.org/software/bash/</a></span> </td></tr><tr><td class="sinottico_piede2 noprint nomobile metadata" colspan="2"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189248" class="extiw" title="d:Q189248"><span title="Modifica i dati della voce Bash su Wikidata">Modifica dati su Wikidata</span></a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Template:Linguaggio_di_programmazione/man" title="Template:Linguaggio di programmazione/man"><span title="Manuale del template Linguaggio di programmazione">Manuale</span></a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Bash</b> (<a href="/wiki/Acronimo" title="Acronimo">acronimo</a> per <b>B</b>ourne <b>A</b>gain <b>SH</b>ell) è una <a href="/wiki/Shell_(informatica)" title="Shell (informatica)">shell</a> sviluppata nell'ambito del <a href="/wiki/Progetto_GNU" title="Progetto GNU">progetto GNU</a> come alternativa <a href="/wiki/Software_libero" title="Software libero">libera</a> di <a href="/wiki/Bourne_shell" title="Bourne shell">Bourne shell</a>. Il nome è un <a href="/wiki/Calembour" title="Calembour">calembour</a> poiché <i>Bourne again</i> (un'altra Bourne [shell]) è <a href="/wiki/Omofonia_(linguistica)" title="Omofonia (linguistica)">omofono</a> a <i>born again</i> (<a href="/wiki/Rinascita_(religione)" title="Rinascita (religione)">rinascita</a>). </p><p>Distribuita sotto licenza <a href="/wiki/GNU_General_Public_License" title="GNU General Public License">GNU GPL</a> la shell è presente in diversi sistemi operativi <a href="/wiki/Unix-like" title="Unix-like">Unix-like</a> quali <a href="/wiki/GNU/Linux" class="mw-redirect" title="GNU/Linux">GNU/Linux</a>, <a href="/wiki/FreeBSD" title="FreeBSD">FreeBSD</a>, <a href="/wiki/NetBSD" title="NetBSD">NetBSD</a>, <a href="/wiki/MacOS" title="MacOS">macOS</a>, <a href="/wiki/Solaris_(sistema_operativo)" class="mw-redirect" title="Solaris (sistema operativo)">Solaris</a> e <a href="/wiki/MINIX" title="MINIX">MINIX</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Distributions_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Distributions-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> È inoltre disponibile su <a href="/wiki/Windows_10" title="Windows 10">Windows 10</a> e <a href="/wiki/Windows_11" title="Windows 11">Windows 11</a> tramite <a href="/wiki/Windows_Subsystem_for_Linux" title="Windows Subsystem for Linux">Windows Subsystem for Linux</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Distributions_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Distributions-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In macOS bash era la shell di default fino a <a href="/wiki/MacOS_Mojave" title="MacOS Mojave">macOS Mojave</a>, mentre da <a href="/wiki/MacOS_Catalina" title="MacOS Catalina">macOS Catalina</a> è stata sostituita da <a href="/wiki/Zsh" title="Zsh">zsh</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Descrizione">Descrizione</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bash&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifica la sezione Descrizione" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bash&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Descrizione"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Caratteristiche">Caratteristiche</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bash&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifica la sezione Caratteristiche" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bash&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Caratteristiche"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tecnicamente <i>bash</i> è un clone evoluto della shell standard di Unix (<i>/bin/sh</i>). Altre shell alternative a <i>bash</i> e piuttosto diffuse sono la <a href="/wiki/Korn_shell" title="Korn shell">Korn shell</a>, la <a href="/wiki/C_shell" title="C shell">C shell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zsh" title="Zsh">Zsh</a> e <a href="/wiki/Tcsh" title="Tcsh">tcsh</a>. </p><p>Si tratta di un <a href="/wiki/Interprete_(informatica)" title="Interprete (informatica)">interprete</a> di <a href="/wiki/Istruzione_(informatica)" title="Istruzione (informatica)">comandi</a> che permette all'utente di comunicare col <a href="/wiki/Sistema_operativo" title="Sistema operativo">sistema operativo</a> attraverso una serie di <a href="/wiki/Funzione_(informatica)" title="Funzione (informatica)">funzioni</a> predefinite, o di eseguire <a href="/wiki/Programma_(informatica)" title="Programma (informatica)">programmi</a> e script. </p><p><i>Bash</i> è in grado di eseguire i comandi che le vengono passati, utilizzando la <a href="/wiki/Redirezione" title="Redirezione">redirezione</a> dell'input e dell'output per eseguire più programmi in cascata in una <a href="/wiki/Pipeline_software" class="mw-redirect" title="Pipeline software">pipeline software</a>, passando l'output del comando precedente come input del comando successivo. </p><p>Oltre a questo, essa mette a disposizione un semplice <a href="/wiki/Linguaggio_di_scripting" title="Linguaggio di scripting">linguaggio di scripting</a> nativo che permette di svolgere compiti più complessi, non solo raccogliendo in uno <a href="/wiki/Script" title="Script">script</a> una serie di comandi, ma anche utilizzando <a href="/wiki/Variabile_(informatica)" title="Variabile (informatica)">variabili</a>, funzioni e <a href="/wiki/Struttura_di_controllo" title="Struttura di controllo">strutture di controllo di flusso</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bash_e_lo_standard_POSIX">Bash e lo standard POSIX</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bash&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifica la sezione Bash e lo standard POSIX" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bash&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Bash e lo standard POSIX"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Il comportamento predefinito di <i>bash</i> diverge da quello dello standard <a href="/wiki/POSIX" title="POSIX">POSIX</a>, ma esso si può ottenere in quattro modi: </p> <ul><li>specificando l'opzione "<code>--posix</code>" all'avvio, ad esempio con "<code>bash --posix</code>";</li> <li>invocandola con il nome "<code>sh</code>", come è il caso in molti sistemi <a href="/wiki/GNU/Linux" class="mw-redirect" title="GNU/Linux">GNU/Linux</a> in cui "<code>/bin/sh</code>" è un <a href="/wiki/Collegamento_simbolico" title="Collegamento simbolico">collegamento simbolico</a> a "<code>/bin/bash</code>";</li> <li>avviandola dopo aver impostato la <a href="/wiki/Variabile_d%27ambiente_(Unix)" title="Variabile d'ambiente (Unix)">variabile d'ambiente</a> <code>POSIXLY_CORRECT</code><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> con un valore qualsiasi;</li> <li>eseguendo in essa il comando interno "<code>set -o posix</code>"<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="File_letti_all'avvio"><span id="File_letti_all.27avvio"></span>File letti all'avvio</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bash&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifica la sezione File letti all'avvio" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bash&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: File letti all'avvio"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Alla partenza, <i>bash</i> tenta di caricare automaticamente una serie di file: </p> <ul><li>se si tratta di una shell di <a href="/wiki/Login" title="Login">login</a>, <i>bash</i> tenta di caricare: <ol><li>il file "<code>/etc/profile</code>"</li> <li>solo il primo tra i file "<code>.bash_profile</code>", "<code>.bash_login</code>" e "<code>.profile</code>" collocati nella <a href="/wiki/Home_directory" title="Home directory">home directory</a> dell'utente e che risulti essere disponibile;</li> <li>il file "<code>.bashrc</code>" collocato nella <i>home directory</i> dell'utente;</li></ol></li></ul> <p>All'uscita di una shell interattiva di login, bash carica il file <code>.bash_logout</code> collocato nella home dell'utente (se disponibile). </p> <ul><li>se si tratta di una shell interattiva non di login, <i>bash</i> tenta di caricare il solo file "<code>.bashrc</code>" collocato nella <i>home directory</i> dell'utente;</li></ul> <p>L'utente può modificare i file nella propria <i>home directory</i> per personalizzare il proprio ambiente di lavoro. </p><p>Quando <i>bash</i> è avviata non interattivamente (ad esempio per eseguire uno <a href="/wiki/Script" title="Script">script</a> di shell) essa controlla se esiste la <a href="/wiki/Variabile_d%27ambiente_(Unix)" title="Variabile d'ambiente (Unix)">variabile d'ambiente</a> <code>BASH_ENV</code> o <code>ENV</code> ed in caso positivo carica il file specificato dal valore della variabile (se <i>bash</i> è avviata in modalità <a href="/wiki/POSIX" title="POSIX">POSIX</a> controlla solo <code>ENV</code>). Procede quindi ad eseguire il resto (script o altro). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Esempi_esplicativi">Esempi esplicativi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bash&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifica la sezione Esempi esplicativi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bash&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Esempi esplicativi"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Il seguente <a href="/wiki/Script" title="Script">script</a> permette di creare un archivio in "<code>/tmp/my-backup.tar.gz</code>" contenente l'intera propria cartella personale (tenendo conto che "<code>~</code>" rappresenta "<code>/home/<i>proprionomeutente</i></code>"): </p> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-bash mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="ch">#!/bin/bash </span> tar<span class="w"> </span>-vzcf<span class="w"> </span>/tmp/home.tgz<span class="w"> </span>~ </pre></div> <p>Un altro esempio per i sistemi basati su <a href="/wiki/Debian" title="Debian">Debian</a> è quello di poter aggiornare e pulire il sistema con il seguente script: </p> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-bash mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="ch">#!/bin/bash </span> sudo<span class="w"> </span>apt-get<span class="w"> </span>update sudo<span class="w"> </span>apt-get<span class="w"> </span>upgrade sudo<span class="w"> </span>apt-get<span class="w"> </span>dist-upgrade sudo<span class="w"> </span>apt-get<span class="w"> </span>autoclean sudo<span class="w"> </span>apt-get<span class="w"> </span>clean </pre></div> <p>Creando in una delle directory elencate dalla <a href="/wiki/Variabile_d%27ambiente_(Unix)" title="Variabile d'ambiente (Unix)">variabile d'ambiente</a> <code>$PATH</code> un file con il contenuto sopra esposto ed assegnandoli i <a href="/wiki/Permessi_(Unix)" class="mw-redirect" title="Permessi (Unix)">permessi di esecuzione</a> si può ottenere una comoda e semplice utility che può essere usata esattamente come qualunque altro <a href="/wiki/File_eseguibile" title="File eseguibile">file eseguibile</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Strutture_condizionali">Strutture condizionali</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bash&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modifica la sezione Strutture condizionali" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bash&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Strutture condizionali"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Confronta se i file "<code>file_a</code>" e "<code>file_b</code>" sono identici tramite il comando <a href="/wiki/Cmp_(Unix)" title="Cmp (Unix)">cmp</a> (effettuando la <a href="/wiki/Redirezione" title="Redirezione">redirezione</a> dello <a href="/wiki/Standard_output" class="mw-redirect" title="Standard output">standard output</a> e dello <a href="/wiki/Standard_error" class="mw-redirect" title="Standard error">standard error</a> a <a href="/wiki//dev/null" title="/dev/null">/dev/null</a> in modo da nascondere i suoi messaggi), e scrive a video il risultato: </p> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-bash mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="ch">#!/bin/bash</span> <span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span>cmp<span class="w"> </span>file_a<span class="w"> </span>file_b<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">&</span>>/dev/null<span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">then</span><span class="w"> </span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">echo</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">"I File a e b sono identici."</span> <span class="k">else</span><span class="w"> </span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">echo</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">"I File a e b sono diversi."</span> <span class="k">fi</span> </pre></div> <p>Controlla se il file "<code>prova.txt</code>" esiste e scrive un messaggio al riguardo: </p> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-bash mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="ch">#!/bin/bash</span> <span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">[</span><span class="w"> </span>-f<span class="w"> </span>prova.txt<span class="w"> </span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">then</span><span class="w"> </span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">echo</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">"Il file prova.txt esiste."</span> <span class="k">else</span><span class="w"> </span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">echo</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">"Il file prova.txt non esiste o non è un file"</span> <span class="k">fi</span> </pre></div> <p>Chiede una riga in input e mostra un messaggio in base al contenuto: </p> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-bash mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="ch">#!/bin/bash</span> <span class="nb">echo</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">"Scrivi qualcosa e premi Invio:"</span> <span class="nb">read</span><span class="w"> </span>linea <span class="k">case</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">"</span><span class="nv">$linea</span><span class="s2">"</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span> <span class="w"> </span>uno<span class="o">)</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">echo</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">"Hai digitato 'uno'"</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="p">;;</span> <span class="w"> </span>due<span class="p">|</span>tre<span class="o">)</span><span class="w"> </span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">echo</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">"Hai digitato 'due' oppure 'tre'"</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="p">;;</span><span class="w"> </span> <span class="w"> </span>q*<span class="o">)</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">echo</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">"Hai digitato qualcosa che inizia con 'q'"</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="p">;;</span> <span class="w"> </span>*<span class="o">)</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">echo</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">"Hai digitato qualcosa che non conosco"</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="p">;;</span><span class="w"> </span> <span class="k">esac</span> </pre></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Note">Note</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bash&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Modifica la sezione Note" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bash&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Note"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Distributions-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b>^</b> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-Distributions_1-0">a</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-Distributions_1-1">b</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-Distributions_1-2">c</a></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tiswww.case.edu/php/chet/bash/bashtop.html#Distributions"><span style="font-style:italic;">Distributions</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">The GNU Bourne-Again SHell</span>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://support.apple.com/it-it/HT208050"><span style="font-style:italic;">Usare zsh come shell di default su Mac</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">support.apple.com</span>, 5 novembre 2022. <small>URL consultato il 1º maggio 2023</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gnu.org/software/bash/manual/html_node/Bash-Variables.html#index-POSIXLY_005fCORRECT-213"><span style="font-style:italic;">Bash Variables</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">Bash Reference Manual</span>. <small>URL consultato il 4 gennaio 2009</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gnu.org/software/bash/manual/html_node/The-Set-Builtin.html#The-Set-Builtin"><span style="font-style:italic;">The Set Builtin</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">Bash Reference Manual</span>. <small>URL consultato il 2 gennaio 2009</small>.</cite></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografia">Bibliografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bash&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Modifica la sezione Bibliografia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bash&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Bibliografia"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><cite id="CITEREF''MCmicrocomputer''_205" class="citation pubblicazione" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/MC_microcomputer-205/page/n175?view=theater"><span style="font-style:italic;">Come funziona Linux: introduzione alla shell</span></a> (<span style="font-weight: bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="immagine in formato JPG">JPG</abbr></span>), in <span style="font-style:italic;"><a href="/wiki/MCmicrocomputer" title="MCmicrocomputer">MCmicrocomputer</a></span>, n. 205, Roma, Pluricom, aprile 2000, pp. 176-181, <a href="/wiki/ISSN" title="ISSN">ISSN</a> 1123-2714<span class="noprint plainlinks"> (<span title="Ricerca su WorldCat"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/issn/1123-2714&lang=it">WC</a></span> · <span title="Ricerca sul Catalogo Italiano dei Periodici"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://acnpsearch.unibo.it/search?issn=1123-2714">ACNP</a></span>)</span>.</cite></li> <li><cite id="CITEREF''MCmicrocomputer''_206" class="citation pubblicazione" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/MC_microcomputer-206/page/n177?view=theater"><span style="font-style:italic;">Come funziona Linux: funzioni avanzate della shell e comandi utili per la programmazione di script</span></a> (<span style="font-weight: bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="immagine in formato JPG">JPG</abbr></span>), in <span style="font-style:italic;"><a href="/wiki/MCmicrocomputer" title="MCmicrocomputer">MCmicrocomputer</a></span>, n. 206, Roma, Pluricom, maggio 2000, pp. 178-185, <a href="/wiki/ISSN" title="ISSN">ISSN</a> 1123-2714<span class="noprint plainlinks"> (<span title="Ricerca su WorldCat"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/issn/1123-2714&lang=it">WC</a></span> · <span title="Ricerca sul Catalogo Italiano dei Periodici"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://acnpsearch.unibo.it/search?issn=1123-2714">ACNP</a></span>)</span>.</cite></li> <li><cite id="CITEREF''MCmicrocomputer''_207" class="citation pubblicazione" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/MC_microcomputer-207/page/n173?view=theater"><span style="font-style:italic;">Come funziona Linux: le strutture di controllo della shell</span></a> (<span style="font-weight: bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="immagine in formato JPG">JPG</abbr></span>), in <span style="font-style:italic;"><a href="/wiki/MCmicrocomputer" title="MCmicrocomputer">MCmicrocomputer</a></span>, n. 207, Roma, Pluricom, giugno 2000, pp. 174-179, <a href="/wiki/ISSN" title="ISSN">ISSN</a> 1123-2714<span class="noprint plainlinks"> (<span title="Ricerca su WorldCat"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/issn/1123-2714&lang=it">WC</a></span> · <span title="Ricerca sul Catalogo Italiano dei Periodici"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://acnpsearch.unibo.it/search?issn=1123-2714">ACNP</a></span>)</span>.</cite></li> <li><cite class="citation testo" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/linux-magazine-it-018/page/n32?view=theater"><span style="font-style:italic;">Una conchiglia preziosa chiamata Bash</span></a> (<span style="font-weight: bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="immagine in formato JPG">JPG</abbr></span>), in <span style="font-style:italic;"><a href="/wiki/Linux_Magazine" title="Linux Magazine">Linux Magazine</a></span>, n. 18, Edizioni Master, aprile 2002, pp. 33-34, <a href="/wiki/ISSN" title="ISSN">ISSN</a> 1592-8152<span class="noprint plainlinks"> (<span title="Ricerca su WorldCat"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/issn/1592-8152&lang=it">WC</a></span> · <span title="Ricerca sul Catalogo Italiano dei Periodici"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://acnpsearch.unibo.it/search?issn=1592-8152">ACNP</a></span>)</span>.</cite></li> <li><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) Chet Ramey e Brian Fox, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gnu.org/software/bash/manual/bash.pdf"><span style="font-style:italic;">Bash Reference Manual</span></a> (<span style="font-weight: bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="documento in formato PDF">PDF</abbr></span>), su <span style="font-style:italic;">gnu.org</span>, settembre 2016. <small>URL consultato il 15 marzo 2017</small>.</cite></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Voci_correlate">Voci correlate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bash&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Modifica la sezione Voci correlate" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bash&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Voci correlate"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/C_shell" title="C shell">C shell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korn_shell" title="Korn shell">Korn shell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/POSIX" title="POSIX">POSIX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rc_(shell)" title="Rc (shell)">rc (shell)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shell_(informatica)" title="Shell (informatica)">Shell (informatica)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shabang" title="Shabang">Shabang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Bourne" title="Stephen Bourne">Stephen Bourne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tcsh" title="Tcsh">Tcsh</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Altri_progetti">Altri progetti</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bash&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Modifica la sezione Altri progetti" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bash&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Altri progetti"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div id="interProject" class="toccolours" style="display: none; clear: both; margin-top: 2em"><p id="sisterProjects" style="background-color: #efefef; color: black; font-weight: bold; margin: 0"><span>Altri progetti</span></p><ul title="Collegamenti verso gli altri progetti Wikimedia"> <li class="" title=""><span class="plainlinks" title="commons:Category:GNU Bash"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:GNU_Bash?uselang=it">Wikimedia Commons</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/?uselang=it" title="Collabora a Wikimedia Commons"><img alt="Collabora a Wikimedia Commons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/?uselang=it">Wikimedia Commons</a></span> contiene immagini o altri file su <b><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:GNU_Bash?uselang=it">GNU Bash</a></span></b></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Collegamenti_esterni">Collegamenti esterni</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bash&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Modifica la sezione Collegamenti esterni" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bash&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Collegamenti esterni"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gnu.org/software/bash/"><span style="font-style:italic;">Sito ufficiale</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">gnu.org</span>.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189248#P856" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li> <li><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://packages.debian.org/stable/bash"><span style="font-style:italic;">Bash</span></a> / <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://packages.debian.org/stable/bash-builtins"><span style="font-style:italic;">Bash (altra versione)</span></a> / <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://packages.debian.org/stable/bash-doc"><span style="font-style:italic;">Bash (altra versione)</span></a> / <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://packages.debian.org/stable/bash-static"><span style="font-style:italic;">Bash (altra versione)</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">packages.debian.org</span>.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189248#P3442" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li> <li><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://git.savannah.gnu.org/cgit/bash.git"><span style="font-style:italic;">Repository sorgenti di Bash</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">git.savannah.gnu.org</span>.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189248#P1324" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li> <li><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://directory.fsf.org/wiki/Bash/"><span style="font-style:italic;">Bash</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;"><a href="/wiki/Free_Software_Directory" title="Free Software Directory">Free Software Directory</a></span>.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189248#P2537" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li> <li><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://code.google.com/p/jbash/"><span style="font-style:italic;">jBash Project is a Java Parser for the Bourne Again Shell</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">code.google.com</span>.</cite></li> <li><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pluto.it/files/ildp/HOWTO/Bash-Prompt-HOWTO/Bash-Prompt-HOWTO.html"><span style="font-style:italic;">Personalizzazione del prompt bash</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">pluto.it</span>.</cite></li> <li><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101229052846/http://www.pluto.it/files/ildp/guide/abs/index.html"><span style="font-style:italic;">Guida avanzata di scripting bash</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">pluto.it</span>. <small>URL consultato il 16 gennaio 2011</small> <small>(archiviato dall'<abbr title="http://www.pluto.it/files/ildp/guide/abs/index.html">url originale</abbr> il 29 dicembre 2010)</small>.</cite></li> <li><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pluto.it/files/ildp/man/man1/bash.1.html"><span style="font-style:italic;">Pagine man comandi bash</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">pluto.it</span>.</cite></li> <li><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.codex.altervista.org/guidabash.html"><span style="font-style:italic;">"Guida di Bash per principianti" di M. Garrels (trad. in Italiano di A. Montagner)</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">codex.altervista.org</span>.</cite></li> <li><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070613131339/http://linuxcommand.org/learning_the_shell.php"><span style="font-style:italic;">Imparare la shell</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">linuxcommand.org</span>. <small>URL consultato il 15 giugno 2007</small> <small>(archiviato dall'<abbr title="http://www.linuxcommand.org/learning_the_shell.php">url originale</abbr> il 13 giugno 2007)</small>.</cite></li> <li><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161005083314/http://linux.collectiontricks.it/wiki/Guida_ai_comandi_base_della_shell_in_GNU/Linux"><span style="font-style:italic;">Semplice guida ai principali comandi della bash</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">linux.collectiontricks.it</span>. <small>URL consultato il 3 ottobre 2016</small> <small>(archiviato dall'<abbr title="http://linux.collectiontricks.it/wiki/Guida_ai_comandi_base_della_shell_in_GNU/Linux">url originale</abbr> il 5 ottobre 2016)</small>.</cite></li> <li><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://win-bash.sourceforge.net/"><span style="font-style:italic;">win-bash una versione della shell Bash per Microsoft Windows</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">win-bash.sourceforge.net</span>.</cite></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r141815314">.mw-parser-output .navbox{border:1px solid #aaa;clear:both;margin:auto;padding:2px;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox th{padding-left:1em;padding-right:1em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox>tbody>tr:first-child>th{background:#ccf;font-size:90%;width:100%;color:var(--color-base,black)}.mw-parser-output .navbox_navbar{float:left;margin:0;padding:0 10px 0 0;text-align:left;width:6em}.mw-parser-output .navbox_title{font-size:110%}.mw-parser-output .navbox_abovebelow{background:#ddf;font-size:90%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbox_group{background:#ddf;font-size:90%;padding:0 10px;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .navbox_list{font-size:90%;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox_list a{white-space:nowrap}html:not(.vector-feature-night-mode-enabled) .mw-parser-output .navbox_odd{background:#fdfdfd;color:var(--color-base,black)}html:not(.vector-feature-night-mode-enabled) .mw-parser-output .navbox_even{background:#f7f7f7;color:var(--color-base,black)}.mw-parser-output .navbox a.mw-selflink{color:var(--color-base,black)}.mw-parser-output .navbox_center{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox_image{padding-left:7px;vertical-align:middle;width:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox .mw-collapsible-toggle{font-weight:normal;text-align:right;width:7em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox_image img{max-width:none!important}.mw-parser-output .subnavbox{margin:-3px;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .subnavbox_group{background:#e6e6ff;padding:0 10px}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox>tbody>tr:first-child>th{background:var(--background-color-interactive)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox th{color:var(--color-base)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox_abovebelow,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox_group{background:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .subnavbox_group{background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox>tbody>tr:first-child>th{background:var(--background-color-interactive)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox th{color:var(--color-base)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox_abovebelow,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox_group{background:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .subnavbox_group{background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle)!important}}</style><table class="navbox mw-collapsible autocollapse noprint metadata" id="navbox-GNU"><tbody><tr><th colspan="3"><div class="navbox_navbar"><div class="noprint plainlinks" style="background-color:transparent; 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Greve</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexandre_Oliva&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alexandre Oliva (la pagina non esiste)">Alexandre Oliva</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Mako_Hill" title="Benjamin Mako Hill">Benjamin Mako Hill</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Federico_Heinz" title="Federico Heinz">Federico Heinz</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Joshua_Gay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joshua Gay (la pagina non esiste)">Joshua Gay</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Matt_Lee&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Matt Lee (la pagina non esiste)">Matt Lee</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Ricardo_Galli" title="Ricardo Galli">Ricardo Galli</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group">Voci correlate</th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_odd"><a href="/wiki/Revolution_OS" title="Revolution OS">Revolution OS</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/BadVista" title="BadVista">BadVista</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Defective_by_Design" title="Defective by Design">Defective by Design</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Controversia_sul_nome_GNU/Linux" title="Controversia sul nome GNU/Linux">Controversia sul nome GNU/Linux</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r140554510">.mw-parser-output .CdA{border:1px solid #aaa;width:100%;margin:auto;font-size:90%;padding:2px}.mw-parser-output .CdA th{background-color:#f2f2f2;font-weight:bold;width:20%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .CdA{border-color:#54595D}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .CdA th{background-color:#202122}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .CdA{border-color:#54595D}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .CdA th{background-color:#202122}}</style><table class="CdA"><tbody><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Aiuto:Controllo_di_autorit%C3%A0" title="Aiuto:Controllo di autorità">Controllo di autorità</a></th><td><a href="/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="tedesco">DE</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4492523-2">4492523-2</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_nazionale_di_Francia" title="Biblioteca nazionale di Francia">BNF</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="francese">FR</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb125416570">cb125416570</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb125416570">(data)</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="noprint" style="width:100%; padding: 3px 0; display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; row-gap: 4px; column-gap: 8px; box-sizing: border-box;"><div style="flex-grow: 1"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r140555418">.mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello{width:100%;line-height:25px;border:1px solid #CCF;background-color:#F0EEFF;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello-progetto{background-color:#FAFAFA}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello{background-color:#202122;border-color:#54595D}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello-progetto{background-color:#282929}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello{background-color:#202122;border-color:#54595D}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello-progetto{background-color:#282929}}</style><div class="itwiki-template-occhiello"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nuvola_apps_emacs.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Software libero"><img alt=" " src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Nuvola_apps_emacs.svg/40px-Nuvola_apps_emacs.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Nuvola_apps_emacs.svg/60px-Nuvola_apps_emacs.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="243" data-file-height="239" /></a></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Portale:Software_libero" title="Portale:Software libero">Portale Software libero</a></b>: accedi alle voci di Wikipedia che trattano di software libero</div></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://auth.wikimedia.org/loginwiki/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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