MARCOUX, JOSEPH (Tharoniakanere) – Dictionary of Canadian Biography

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="js cssanimations">   <head>  <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /> <meta name="msvalidate.01" content="1410A94B8EF57EB5E09DF8429A48077F" /> <meta charset="UTF-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, user-scalable=no" /> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://platform-api.sharethis.com/js/sharethis.js#property=65b0432b92c73d001906c92a&product=inline-share-buttons" async="async"></script>  <meta property="og:title" content="MARCOUX, JOSEPH (Tharoniakanere) – Dictionary of Canadian Biography" /> <meta property="og:type" content="website" /> <meta property="og:type-check" content="website" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/4058?revision_id=31567" /> <meta property="og:image" content="http://www.biographi.ca" /> <meta property="og:description" content="MARCOUX, JOSEPH (named Tharoniakanere, literally “one who contemplates heaven”), Roman Catholic priest, missionary, and author; b.&nbsp;16&nbsp;March 1791 at Quebec, son of Joseph Marcoux and Marie Vallière; d.&nbsp;29&nbsp;May 1855 on the Caughnawaga (Kahnawake) reserve, Lower Canada." /> <meta property="og:site_name" content="Dictionary of Canadian Biography" /> <meta property="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" /> <meta property="twitter:site" content="@dcb_dbc" /> <meta property="twitter:creator" content="@dcb_dbc" /> <meta property="twitter:title" content="MARCOUX, JOSEPH (Tharoniakanere) – Dictionary of Canadian Biography" /> <meta property="twitter:description" content="MARCOUX, JOSEPH (named Tharoniakanere, literally “one who contemplates heaven”), Roman Catholic priest, missionary, and author; b.&nbsp;16&nbsp;March 1791 at Quebec, son of Joseph Marcoux and Marie Vallière; d.&nbsp;29&nbsp;May 1855 on the Caughnawaga (Kahnawake) reserve, Lower Canada." /> <meta property="twitter:image" content="http://www.biographi.ca" /> <meta name="removed-author" content="DCB/DBC Staff, John Beadle Graphic Designer" />   <title>MARCOUX, JOSEPH (Tharoniakanere) – Dictionary of Canadian Biography</title>   <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@3.4.1/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css" integrity="sha384-HSMxcRTRxnN+Bdg0JdbxYKrThecOKuH5zCYotlSAcp1+c8xmyTe9GYg1l9a69psu" crossorigin="anonymous">   <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="https://use.fontawesome.com/releases/v6.5.1/css/all.css"> <script src="https://kit.fontawesome.com/a5049f3fd8.js" crossorigin="anonymous"></script>     <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/OwlCarousel2/2.3.4/assets/owl.carousel.css"> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/OwlCarousel2/2.3.4/assets/owl.theme.default.css"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/lightgallery/1.6.12/css/lightgallery.min.css" integrity="sha512-UMUaaaRK/i2ihAzNyraiLZzT8feWBDY+lLnBnhA3+MEfQn4jaNJMGBad6nyklImf7d0Id6n/Jb0ynr7RCpyNPQ==" crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/lightgallery/1.6.12/css/lg-transitions.min.css" integrity="sha512-TLkzsbRon8DBy6TwaafTGapb+90/t0ZsGes1jMyHKaImbAUSTaedyS8HbDQOZt3H+j1s4BFKUlWXcPBEJNtPgw==" crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/share-this/1.3.1/share-this.min.css" integrity="sha512-D2vagE/4+QTyP2FukMZNoZxcO1Uqcd0SsnqczdOm+zu35XDsFDIroYXxDD0WrYbyPFKD1vUmhxaCC3kR8WBNZA==" crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" />    <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/css/plugin-shared.css?time=1729526930">   <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/css/shared-base.css?time=1729526930">  <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/css/base.css?time=1729526930">   <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/css/bio.css?time=1729526930">  <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/css/mod_boot_0_0_css_bio.css?id=1733884983" />    <style> .owl-dot { display: none; } </style> <style type="text/css">.fb_hidden{position:absolute;top:-10000px;z-index:10001}.fb_reposition{overflow:hidden;position:relative}.fb_invisible{display:none}.fb_reset{background:none;border:0;border-spacing:0;color:#000;cursor:auto;direction:ltr;font-family:"lucida grande", tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif;font-size:11px;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:normal;line-height:1;margin:0;overflow:visible;padding:0;text-align:left;text-decoration:none;text-indent:0;text-shadow:none;text-transform:none;visibility:visible;white-space:normal;word-spacing:normal}.fb_reset>div{overflow:hidden}@keyframes fb_transform{from{opacity:0;transform:scale(.95)}to{opacity:1;transform:scale(1)}}.fb_animate{animation:fb_transform .3s forwards} .fb_dialog{background:rgba(82, 82, 82, .7);position:absolute;top:-10000px;z-index:10001}.fb_dialog_advanced{border-radius:8px;padding:10px}.fb_dialog_content{background:#fff;color:#373737}.fb_dialog_close_icon{background:url(https://static.xx.fbcdn.net/rsrc.php/v3/yq/r/IE9JII6Z1Ys.png) no-repeat scroll 0 0 transparent;cursor:pointer;display:block;height:15px;position:absolute;right:18px;top:17px;width:15px}.fb_dialog_mobile .fb_dialog_close_icon{left:5px;right:auto;top:5px}.fb_dialog_padding{background-color:transparent;position:absolute;width:1px;z-index:-1}.fb_dialog_close_icon:hover{background:url(https://static.xx.fbcdn.net/rsrc.php/v3/yq/r/IE9JII6Z1Ys.png) no-repeat scroll 0 -15px transparent}.fb_dialog_close_icon:active{background:url(https://static.xx.fbcdn.net/rsrc.php/v3/yq/r/IE9JII6Z1Ys.png) no-repeat scroll 0 -30px transparent}.fb_dialog_iframe{line-height:0}.fb_dialog_content .dialog_title{background:#6d84b4;border:1px solid #365899;color:#fff;font-size:14px;font-weight:bold;margin:0}.fb_dialog_content .dialog_title>span{background:url(https://static.xx.fbcdn.net/rsrc.php/v3/yd/r/Cou7n-nqK52.gif) no-repeat 5px 50%;float:left;padding:5px 0 7px 26px}body.fb_hidden{height:100%;left:0;margin:0;overflow:visible;position:absolute;top:-10000px;transform:none;width:100%}.fb_dialog.fb_dialog_mobile.loading{background:url(https://static.xx.fbcdn.net/rsrc.php/v3/ya/r/3rhSv5V8j3o.gif) white no-repeat 50% 50%;min-height:100%;min-width:100%;overflow:hidden;position:absolute;top:0;z-index:10001}.fb_dialog.fb_dialog_mobile.loading.centered{background:none;height:auto;min-height:initial;min-width:initial;width:auto}.fb_dialog.fb_dialog_mobile.loading.centered #fb_dialog_loader_spinner{width:100%}.fb_dialog.fb_dialog_mobile.loading.centered .fb_dialog_content{background:none}.loading.centered #fb_dialog_loader_close{clear:both;color:#fff;display:block;font-size:18px;padding-top:20px}#fb-root #fb_dialog_ipad_overlay{background:rgba(0, 0, 0, .4);bottom:0;left:0;min-height:100%;position:absolute;right:0;top:0;width:100%;z-index:10000}#fb-root #fb_dialog_ipad_overlay.hidden{display:none}.fb_dialog.fb_dialog_mobile.loading iframe{visibility:hidden}.fb_dialog_mobile .fb_dialog_iframe{position:sticky;top:0}.fb_dialog_content .dialog_header{background:linear-gradient(from(#738aba), to(#2c4987));border-bottom:1px solid;border-color:#043b87;box-shadow:white 0 1px 1px -1px inset;color:#fff;font:bold 14px Helvetica, sans-serif;text-overflow:ellipsis;text-shadow:rgba(0, 30, 84, .296875) 0 -1px 0;vertical-align:middle;white-space:nowrap}.fb_dialog_content .dialog_header table{height:43px;width:100%}.fb_dialog_content .dialog_header td.header_left{font-size:12px;padding-left:5px;vertical-align:middle;width:60px}.fb_dialog_content .dialog_header td.header_right{font-size:12px;padding-right:5px;vertical-align:middle;width:60px}.fb_dialog_content .touchable_button{background:linear-gradient(from(#4267B2), to(#2a4887));background-clip:padding-box;border:1px solid #29487d;border-radius:3px;display:inline-block;line-height:18px;margin-top:3px;max-width:85px;padding:4px 12px;position:relative}.fb_dialog_content .dialog_header .touchable_button input{background:none;border:none;color:#fff;font:bold 12px Helvetica, sans-serif;margin:2px -12px;padding:2px 6px 3px 6px;text-shadow:rgba(0, 30, 84, .296875) 0 -1px 0}.fb_dialog_content .dialog_header .header_center{color:#fff;font-size:16px;font-weight:bold;line-height:18px;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle}.fb_dialog_content .dialog_content{background:url(https://static.xx.fbcdn.net/rsrc.php/v3/y9/r/jKEcVPZFk-2.gif) no-repeat 50% 50%;border:1px solid #4a4a4a;border-bottom:0;border-top:0;height:150px}.fb_dialog_content .dialog_footer{background:#f5f6f7;border:1px solid #4a4a4a;border-top-color:#ccc;height:40px}#fb_dialog_loader_close{float:left}.fb_dialog.fb_dialog_mobile .fb_dialog_close_button{text-shadow:rgba(0, 30, 84, .296875) 0 -1px 0}.fb_dialog.fb_dialog_mobile .fb_dialog_close_icon{visibility:hidden}#fb_dialog_loader_spinner{animation:rotateSpinner 1.2s linear infinite;background-color:transparent;background-image:url(https://static.xx.fbcdn.net/rsrc.php/v3/yD/r/t-wz8gw1xG1.png);background-position:50% 50%;background-repeat:no-repeat;height:24px;width:24px}@keyframes rotateSpinner{0%{transform:rotate(0deg)}100%{transform:rotate(360deg)}} .fb_iframe_widget{display:inline-block;position:relative}.fb_iframe_widget span{display:inline-block;position:relative;text-align:justify}.fb_iframe_widget iframe{position:absolute}.fb_iframe_widget_fluid_desktop,.fb_iframe_widget_fluid_desktop span,.fb_iframe_widget_fluid_desktop iframe{max-width:100%}.fb_iframe_widget_fluid_desktop iframe{min-width:220px;position:relative}.fb_iframe_widget_lift{z-index:1}.fb_iframe_widget_fluid{display:inline}.fb_iframe_widget_fluid span{width:100%}</style><style type="text/css">.st-1 { font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Verdana, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;; direction: ltr; display: block; opacity: 1; text-align: center; z-index: 94034; } .st-1.st-animated { -moz-transition: o 0.2s ease-in, p 0.2s ease-in, a 0.2s ease-in, c 0.2s ease-in, i 0.2s ease-in, t 0.2s ease-in, y 0.2s ease-in; -ms-transition: o 0.2s ease-in, p 0.2s ease-in, a 0.2s ease-in, c 0.2s ease-in, i 0.2s ease-in, t 0.2s ease-in, y 0.2s ease-in; -o-transition: o 0.2s ease-in, p 0.2s ease-in, a 0.2s ease-in, c 0.2s ease-in, i 0.2s ease-in, t 0.2s ease-in, y 0.2s ease-in; -webkit-transition: o 0.2s ease-in, p 0.2s ease-in, a 0.2s ease-in, c 0.2s ease-in, i 0.2s ease-in, t 0.2s ease-in, y 0.2s ease-in; transition: o 0.2s ease-in, p 0.2s ease-in, a 0.2s ease-in, c 0.2s ease-in, i 0.2s ease-in, t 0.2s ease-in, y 0.2s ease-in; } .st-1.st-hidden { opacity: 0; } .st-1.st-hide { display: none; } .st-1 .st-btn { -moz-box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-box-sizing: border-box; box-sizing: border-box; -moz-transition: opacity 0.2s ease-in, top 0.2s ease-in; -ms-transition: opacity 0.2s ease-in, top 0.2s ease-in; -o-transition: opacity 0.2s ease-in, top 0.2s ease-in; -webkit-transition: opacity 0.2s ease-in, top 0.2s ease-in; transition: opacity 0.2s ease-in, top 0.2s ease-in; -moz-border-radius: 0px; -webkit-border-radius: 0px; border-radius: 0px; border: none; cursor: pointer; display: inline-block; font-size: 12px; height: 32px; line-height: 32px; margin-right: 8px; padding: 0 10px; position: relative; text-align: center; top: 0; vertical-align: top; white-space: nowrap; } .st-1 .st-btn:last-child { margin-right: 0; } .st-1 .st-btn > svg { height: 16px; width: 16px; position: relative; top: 8px; vertical-align: top; } .st-1 .st-btn > img { display: inline-block; height: 16px; width: 16px; position: relative; top: 8px; vertical-align: top; } .st-1 .st-btn > span { -moz-transition: all 0.2s ease-in; -ms-transition: all 0.2s ease-in; -o-transition: all 0.2s ease-in; -webkit-transition: all 0.2s ease-in; transition: all 0.2s ease-in; color: #fff; display: inline-block; font-weight: 500; letter-spacing: 0.5px; min-width: 60px; opacity: 1; padding: 0 6px; position: relative; vertical-align: top; } .st-1.st-has-labels .st-btn { min-width: 120px; } .st-1.st-has-labels .st-btn.st-remove-label { min-width: 50px; } .st-1.st-has-labels .st-btn.st-remove-label > span { display: none; } .st-1.st-has-labels .st-btn.st-hide-label > span { display: none; } .st-1 .st-total { color: #555; display: inline-block; font-weight: 500; line-height: 12px; margin-right: 0; max-width: 80px; padding: 4px 8px; text-align: center; } .st-1 .st-total.st-hidden { display: none; } .st-1 .st-total > span { font-size: 16px; line-height: 17px; display: block; padding: 0; } .st-1 .st-total > span.st-shares { font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; } .st-1.st-justified { display: flex; text-align: center; } .st-1.st-justified .st-btn { -moz-flex: 1; -ms-flex: 1; -webkit-flex: 1; flex: 1; } .st-1 .st-btn:hover { opacity: .8; top: -4px; } .st-1 .st-btn[data-network='facebook'] { background-color: #4267B2; } .st-1 .st-btn[data-network='facebook'] svg { fill: #fff; } .st-1 .st-btn[data-network='facebook'] > span { color: #fff; } .st-1 .st-btn[data-network='twitter'] { background-color: #55acee; } .st-1 .st-btn[data-network='twitter'] svg { fill: #fff; } .st-1 .st-btn[data-network='twitter'] > span { color: #fff; } </style> </head> <body>  <div id="bootstrap-wrapper" class="dcb-container container-fluid wrapper">  <nav id="nav_main" class="navbar navbar-default navbar-dcb navbar-fixed-top"> <div class="container-fluid">  <div class="navbar-mobile" id="dcb-mobile-1"> <div class="dropdown show-outline" id="dcb-hamburger-mobile"> <button id="dlabel" type="button" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false"><i class="fas fa-bars fa-lg"></i></button> </div> </div> <div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id="dcb-collapse-1"> <ul class="nav navbar-nav">  <div class="dropdown show-outline" id="hamburger"> <button id="eLabel" type="button" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false"> <i class="fas fa-bars fa-lg"></i> </button> </div> <div class="input-group" id="mobile-search"> <input id="search-2" type="text" class="dcb-search form-control" placeholder="Search" data-brx-ls="template_search"></input> <span class="input-group-btn"> <button data-target="#search-2" class="dcb-search btn btn-default" type="button" data-brx-ls="template_go_mobile">Go</button> </span> </div>  <li class=""><a href="/fr/bio/marcoux_joseph_8F.html" title="Version française">Français</a></li> <li class=""><a href="/en/" title="Home">Home</a></li> <li class=""><a href="/en/news_feed.html" title="News">News</a></li> <li class=""><a href="/en/about_us.php" title="About Us">About Us</a></li> <li class=""><a href="/en/contact_us_general.php" title="Contact Us">Contact Us</a></li> <li class=""><a href="/en/contact_us_newsletter.php" title="Subscribe">Subscribe</a></li> <li class=""><a target="_blank" href="https://donate.utoronto.ca/dcb/" title="Donate">Donate</a></li>   </ul> <ul class="nav navbar-nav navbar-right">  <li><a class="fa-brands fa-square-x-twitter fa-lg" aria-hidden="true" target="_blank" href="https://twitter.com/dcb_dbc" title="Follow us on Twitter" data-brx-ls="template_follow_twitter"></a></li> <li><a class="fab fa-facebook fa-lg" aria-hidden="true" target="_blank" href="https://www.facebook.com/dictionaryofcanadianbiography" title="Follow us on Facebook" data-brx-ls="template_follow_facebook"></a></li>  </ul> </div> </div> </nav>   <div id="row-top-section" class="container-fluid"> <div class="row" id="row-breadcrumbs"> <div id="breadcrumbs" class="col-sm-12" data-brx-ls="template_breadcrumbs">Breadcrumbs</div> </div>  <div class="row reader-mode" id="row-logo"> <div class="col-sm-7" id="col-logo"> <a href="/en/" data-brx-ls="template_home" title="Dictionary of Canadian Biography"><img class="responsive" alt="Dictionary of Canadian Biography" src="/img/dcb_en.svg" data-brx-ls="template_home"></a> </div> <div class="col-sm-5" id="col-search"> <div class="container-fluid"> <div class="row" id="search"> <input type="text" id="simple-search" class="dcb-search simple-input" placeholder="Search" data-brx-ls="template_search"></input> <span data-target="#simple-search" class="dcb-search btn-lg glyphicon glyphicon-chevron-right" id="search_go"></span> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="float-right" id="tools">  <nav class="navbar navbar-tools navbar navbar-default"> <ul class="nav navbar-nav navbar"> <li><a href="/en/browse.php" title="Browse content by category" data-brx-ls="template_navtools_browse"><span class="btn-sm glyphicon glyphicon-th-list"></span> <span data-brx-ls="template_navtools_browse_span">Browse</span></a></li> <li><a href="/en/search.php" title="Use options such as Boolean operators and limiters" data-brx-ls="template_navtools_search"><span class="btn-sm glyphicon glyphicon-search"></span> <span data-brx-ls="template_navtools_search_span">Advanced Search</span></a></li> <li><a href="javascript:void(1);" onclick="return startReaderMode();" title="“Reader mode” hides everything but the navigation bar and the footer. To return to regular mode, click on "Exit reader mode" at top left." data-brx-ls="template_navtools_reader"><span class="btn-sm glyphicon glyphicon-book"></span> <span data-brx-ls="template_navtools_reader_span">Reader Mode</span></a></li> <li><a href="javascript:void(1);" onclick="return printDocument();" title="Printer-friendly" data-brx-ls="template_navtools_print"> <span class="btn-sm glyphicon glyphicon-print"></span> <span data-brx-ls="template_navtools_print_span">Printer-friendly</span></a></li> </ul> </nav>  </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div>   <div style="display:none;" id="announcements" class="row alert-warning col-sm-12 announcements" data-brx-dyn="ajax:content:/en/ajax/announcements.php"> </div> <div id="content-container" class="container-fluid"> <div class="row mobile-logo"> <div class="col-md-12">  <a href="/en/"><img src="/img/dcb_en_sm.svg" alt="mobile"></a> </div> <div class="col-md-12 .bio-jump">   </div>  </div> <div class="row">  <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-4 col-lg-3 col-xl-2 content-left reader-mode" id="sidebar"> <div id="sidebar-inner"> <nav class="dcb-generic-sidebar"> <ul class="dcb-pills nav-pills nav-stacked"> <div class="row sidebar-dropdown-extra"> <input type="text" id="nav-search" class="dcb-search simple-input" placeholder="Search" data-brx-ls="template_sidebar_search"></input> <span data-target="#nav-search" class="dcb-search btn-lg glyphicon glyphicon-chevron-right" id="nav-search_go"></span> </div> <div class="row sidebar-french-home sidebar-dropdown-extra">   <div class="btn-group btn-group-justified" role="group" aria-label="..."> <div class="btn-group" role="group"> <a href="/fr/bio/marcoux_joseph_8F.html" title="Version française"><button type="button" class="btn btn-primary">Français</button></a> </div> <div class="btn-group" role="group"> <a href="/en/" title="Home"><button type="button" class="btn btn-primary">Home</button></a> </div> </div> <div class="btn-group btn-group-justified" role="group" aria-label="..."> <div class="btn-group" role="group"> <a href="/en/news_feed.html" title="News"><button type="button" class="btn btn-primary">News</button></a> </div> <div class="btn-group" role="group"> <a href="/en/about_us.php" title="About Us"><button type="button" class="btn btn-primary">About Us</button></a> </div> </div> <div class="btn-group btn-group-justified" role="group" aria-label="..."> <div class="btn-group" role="group"> <a href="/en/contact_us_general.php" title="Contact Us"><button type="button" class="btn btn-primary">Contact Us</button></a> </div> <div class="btn-group" role="group"> <a href="/en/contact_us_newsletter.php" title="Subscribe"><button type="button" class="btn btn-primary">Subscribe</button></a> </div> </div> <div class="btn-group btn-group-justified" role="group" aria-label="..."> <div class="btn-group" role="group"> <a target="_blank" href="https://donate.utoronto.ca/dcb/" title="Donate"><button type="button" class="btn btn-primary">Donate</button></a> </div> </div>   </div>    <nav style="" class="dcb-generic-sidebar col-theme-grey"> <ul class="dcb-pills nav-pills nav-stacked"> <li role="presentation">  <a data-toggle="collapse" href="#bio-outline-sidenav" class="accordion-toggle collapsed" aria-expanded="true" title="Outline">Outline</a> <div id="bio-outline-sidenav" class="collapse in" aria-expanded="true">   <ul class="list-group"> <li class="list-group-item"><a href="#first" title="First paragraph">First paragraph</a></li> <li class="list-group-item"><a href="#second" title="Bibliography">Bibliography</a></li> <li class="list-group-item"><a href="#citations" title="How to cite">How to cite</a></li> </ul>   </div> </li> </ul> </nav>   <section style="display:none;">   </section>     <nav style="" class="dcb-generic-sidebar col-theme-grey"> <ul class="dcb-pills nav-pills nav-stacked">  <li style="display:none;" role="presentation">  <a data-toggle="collapse" href="#bio-special-sidenav" class="accordion-toggle" aria-expanded="false" title="Related Themes">Related Themes</a> <div id="bio-special-sidenav" class="collapse" aria-expanded="false" style="height: 0px;">     </div> </li>  <li style="display:none;" role="presentation">  <a data-toggle="collapse" href="#bio-related-topics-sidenav" class="accordion-toggle" aria-expanded="false" title="Related Topics">Related Topics</a> <div id="bio-related-topics-sidenav" class="collapse" aria-expanded="false">     </div> </li>  <li style="" role="presentation">  <a data-toggle="collapse" href="#bio-related-bios-sidenav" class="accordion-toggle" aria-expanded="false" title="">Related Biographies</a> <div id="bio-related-bios-sidenav" class="collapse" aria-expanded="false" style="height: 0px;">   <ul class="list-group"> <li class="list-group-item"><a href="/en/bio/williams_eleazer_8E.html" title="WILLIAMS, ELEAZER (Éléazar) (Onwarenhiiaki), baptized Razar Williams">WILLIAMS, ELEAZER (Éléazar) (Onwarenhiiaki), baptized Razar Williams</a></li> <li class="list-group-item"><a href="/en/bio/acheson_archibald_7E.html" title="ACHESON, ARCHIBALD, 2nd Earl of GOSFORD">ACHESON, ARCHIBALD, 2nd Earl of GOSFORD</a></li> <li class="list-group-item"><a href="/en/bio/bourget_ignace_11E.html" title="BOURGET, IGNACE">BOURGET, IGNACE</a></li> <li class="list-group-item"><a href="/en/bio/chesley_solomon_yeomans_10E.html" title="CHESLEY, SOLOMON YEOMANS">CHESLEY, SOLOMON YEOMANS</a></li> <li class="list-group-item"><a href="/en/bio/colborne_john_9E.html" title="COLBORNE, JOHN, 1st Baron SEATON">COLBORNE, JOHN, 1st Baron SEATON</a></li> <li class="list-group-item"><a href="/en/bio/lennox_charles_richmond_5E.html" title="LENNOX, CHARLES, 4th Duke of RICHMOND and LENNOX">LENNOX, CHARLES, 4th Duke of RICHMOND and LENNOX</a></li> <li class="list-group-item"><a href="/en/bio/martin_felix_11E.html" title="MARTIN, FÉLIX (baptized Félix-François-Marie)">MARTIN, FÉLIX (baptized Félix-François-Marie)</a></li> <li class="list-group-item"><a href="/en/bio/napier_duncan_campbell_9E.html" title="NAPIER, DUNCAN CAMPBELL">NAPIER, DUNCAN CAMPBELL</a></li> <li class="list-group-item show-more-command show-more-item smk-related-bios"><a href="javascript:void(0)" title="Show more items" class="show-more-toggle use-smk-related-bios">more</a></li> <li class="list-group-item show-more-item smk-related-bios"><a href="/en/bio/plessis_joseph_octave_6E.html" title="PLESSIS, JOSEPH-OCTAVE (baptized Joseph)">PLESSIS, JOSEPH-OCTAVE (baptized Joseph)</a></li> <li class="list-group-item show-more-item smk-related-bios"><a href="/en/bio/roupe_jean_baptiste_8E.html" title="ROUPE, JEAN-BAPTISTE">ROUPE, JEAN-BAPTISTE</a></li> <li class="list-group-item show-more-item smk-related-bios"><a href="/en/bio/tekakwitha_1E.html" title="TEKAKWITHA (Tekaouïta, Tagaskouïta, Tegakwitha), Kateri (baptized Catherine)">TEKAKWITHA (Tekaouïta, Tagaskouïta, Tegakwitha), Kateri (baptized Catherine)</a></li> <li class="list-group-item show-more-item smk-related-bios"><a href="/en/bio/thomson_charles_edward_poulett_7E.html" title="THOMSON, CHARLES EDWARD POULETT, 1st Baron SYDENHAM">THOMSON, CHARLES EDWARD POULETT, 1st Baron SYDENHAM</a></li> <li class="list-group-item show-more-item smk-related-bios"><a href="/en/bio/cardinal_joseph_narcisse_7E.html" title="CARDINAL, JOSEPH-NARCISSE">CARDINAL, JOSEPH-NARCISSE</a></li> <li class="list-group-item show-more-item smk-related-bios"><a href="/en/bio/cuoq_jean_andre_12E.html" title="CUOQ, JEAN-ANDRÉ (Nij-Kwenatc-anibic, Orakwanentakon)">CUOQ, JEAN-ANDRÉ (Nij-Kwenatc-anibic, Orakwanentakon)</a></li> <li class="list-group-item show-more-item smk-related-bios"><a href="/en/bio/lovell_john_12E.html" title="LOVELL, JOHN">LOVELL, JOHN</a></li> <li class="list-group-item show-more-item smk-related-bios"><a href="/en/bio/moncoq_michel_8E.html" title="MONCOQ (Montcoq, Muncoq), MICHEL">MONCOQ (Montcoq, Muncoq), MICHEL</a></li> <li class="list-group-item show-more-item smk-related-bios"><a href="/en/bio/stewart_charles_james_7E.html" title="STEWART, CHARLES JAMES">STEWART, CHARLES JAMES</a></li> <li class="list-group-item show-more-item smk-related-bios"><a href="/en/bio/tiarks_johann_ludwig_7E.html" title="TIARKS, JOHANN LUDWIG (John Lewis)">TIARKS, JOHANN LUDWIG (John Lewis)</a></li> <li class="list-group-item show-more-item smk-related-bios"><a href="javascript:void(0)" title="Show fewer items" class="show-more-toggle use-smk-related-bios">Less</a></li> </ul>   </div> </li> </ul> </nav>    <nav style="" id="content-doc-history-1" class="dcb-generic-sidebar col-theme-grey"> <ul class="dcb-pills nav-pills nav-stacked"> <li role="presentation">  <a data-toggle="collapse" href="#doc-history-1" class="accordion-toggle collapsed" aria-expanded="true" title="View the previous version of this text">Publication History</a> <div id="doc-history-1" class="collapse in" aria-expanded="true">   <ul class="list-group"> <li class="list-group-item"><div title="Published:: 1985">Published: 1985</div></li> </ul>   </div> </li> </ul> </nav>    <nav style="" id="content-doc-history-2" class="dcb-generic-sidebar col-theme-grey"> <ul class="dcb-pills nav-pills nav-stacked">  <li style="" id="content-doc-history-2-identifiers" role="presentation">  <a data-toggle="collapse" href="#doc-history-2-identifiers" class="accordion-toggle" aria-expanded="false" title="Occupations and Other Identifiers">Occupations and Other Identifiers</a> <div id="doc-history-2-identifiers" class="collapse" aria-expanded="false">   <ul class="list-group"> <li class="list-group-item"><a href="/en/browse.php?type=identifier&term1=32&term2=220" title="Identifier -- Authors -- Educational and academic works">Authors – Educational and academic works</a></li> <li class="list-group-item"><a href="/en/browse.php?type=identifier&term1=54&term2=366&term3=432" title="Identifier -- Religion -- Roman Catholics -- Seculars">Religion – Roman Catholics – Seculars</a></li> </ul>   </div> </li>  <li style="" id="content-doc-history-2-birth" role="presentation">  <a data-toggle="collapse" href="#doc-history-2-birth" class="accordion-toggle" aria-expanded="false" title="Region of Birth">Region of Birth</a> <div id="doc-history-2-birth" class="collapse" aria-expanded="false">   <ul class="list-group"> <li class="list-group-item"><a href="/en/browse.php?type=birth&term1=21&term2=121&term3=399&term4=497" title="Place -- North America -- Canada -- Quebec -- Québec">North America – Canada – Quebec – Québec</a></li> </ul>   </div> </li>  <li style="" id="content-doc-history-2-activity" role="presentation">  <a data-toggle="collapse" href="#doc-history-2-activity" class="accordion-toggle" aria-expanded="false" title="Region of Activities">Region of Activities</a> <div id="doc-history-2-activity" class="collapse" aria-expanded="false">   <ul class="list-group"> <li class="list-group-item"><a href="/en/browse.php?type=career&term1=21&term2=121&term3=399&term4=492" title="Place -- North America -- Canada -- Quebec -- Montréal/Outaouais">North America – Canada – Quebec – Montréal/Outaouais</a></li> </ul>   </div> </li> </ul> </nav>    <div class="row" style="" id="sidebar-social-1"> <div class="col-md-12 share-this"> <div class="sharethis-inline-share-buttons st-center st-lang-en st-has-labels st-inline-share-buttons st-animated st-1"> <div class="st-btn st-first" data-network="facebook" style="display: inline-block;"> <img alt="facebook sharing button" src="/img/facebook.svg"> <span class="st-label" data-brx-ls="template_share_facebook">Share</span> </div> <div class="st-btn st-last" data-network="twitter" style="display: inline-block;"> <img alt="twitter sharing button" src="/img/twitter.svg"> <span class="st-label" data-brx-ls="template_share_twitter">Tweet</span> </div> </div> </div> </div>    <nav style="" id="sidebar-main-menu" class="dcb-generic-sidebar dcb-generic-sidebar col-theme-red"> <ul class="dcb-pills nav-pills nav-stacked"> <li role="presentation"><a href="/en/new_biographies.html" title="New Biographies" data-brx-ls="template_sidebar_new_bios">New Biographies</a></li> <li role="presentation"><a href="/en/updated_biographies.html" title="Minor Corrections" data-brx-ls="template_sidebar_updated_bios">Minor Corrections</a></li> <li role="presentation"> <a data-toggle="collapse" href="#panelBioOfTheDay" class="accordion-toggle collapsed" aria-expanded="true" title="Read the story of a subject who died or was born on this day" data-brx-ls="template_sidebar_botd">Biography of the Day</a> <div id="panelBioOfTheDay" class="collapse in" aria-expanded="true"> <div class="dcb-image-panel dcb-panel panel"> <div class="panel-body"> <div class="botd-dynamic feed-item-sidebar" data-brx-dyn="ajax:content:/en/ajax/botd.php">  </div> <div class="see-all"> <strong><a href="/en/bio_of_the_day.html" class="see-all" title="See all previous entries for Biography of the Day" data-brx-ls="template_sidebar_botd_all">See previous</a></strong> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li role="presentation">  <a data-toggle="collapse" href="#panelSpecialProjects" class="accordion-toggle collapsed" aria-expanded="true" title="Significant themes in Canadian history and guides for educators">Themes, Essays, and Guides</a> <div id="panelSpecialProjects" class="collapse in" aria-expanded="true">  <ul class="list-group">  <li class="list-group-item"><a href="/en/special_confederation.html" title="Confederation">Confederation</a></li> <li class="list-group-item"><a href="/en/special_first_world_war.html" title="The First World War">The First World War</a></li> <li class="list-group-item"><a href="/en/special_femmes.html" title="Women in the DCB/DBC">Women in the DCB/DBC</a></li> <li class="list-group-item"><a href="/en/special_sports.html" title="Sports">Sports</a></li> <li class="list-group-item"><a href="/en/special_acadians_c19.html" title="The Acadians">The Acadians</a></li>  <div class="dcb-image-panel dcb-panel panel"> <div class="panel-body"> <div class="see-all"> <a href="/en/gallery_special_projects.html" class="see-all" title="See all Themes, Essays, and Guides" data-brx-ls="template_sidebar_themes_all">See complete list</a> </div> </div> </div> </ul>  </div> </li> </ul> </nav>    <div class="row" style="display:none;" id="sidebar-social-2"> <div class="col-md-12 share-this"> <div class="sharethis-inline-share-buttons st-center st-lang-en st-has-labels st-inline-share-buttons st-animated st-1"> <div class="st-btn st-first" data-network="facebook" style="display: inline-block;"> <img alt="facebook sharing button" src="/img/facebook.svg"> <span class="st-label" data-brx-ls="template_share_facebook">Share</span> </div> <div class="st-btn st-last" data-network="twitter" style="display: inline-block;"> <img alt="twitter sharing button" src="/img/twitter.svg"> <span class="st-label" data-brx-ls="template_share_twitter">Tweet</span> </div> </div> </div> </div>  </ul> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-8 col-lg-9 col-xl-10 content-area" id="content-area">     <section style="display:none;" id="summary" class="summary bio">    </section>  <section style="" id="first" class="bio">  <div style="display:none;" class="pull-left inset-area" id="bio-primary-image">  <div id="bio-main-image" class="image-container left w600">  <a class="open-gallery" href="javascript:void()"><img class="img-responsive" src="" alt="" title=""></a>   </div> </div>  <p id="paragraph_296802" class="FirstParagraph"><strong>MARCOUX, JOSEPH</strong> (named <strong>Tharoniakanere</strong>, literally “one who contemplates heaven”), Roman Catholic priest, missionary, and author; b. 16 March 1791 at Quebec, son of Joseph Marcoux and Marie Vallière; d. 29 May 1855 on the Caughnawaga (Kahnawake) reserve, Lower Canada.</p> <p id="paragraph_296803" class="NormalParagraph">Joseph Marcoux was the son of a butcher who lived in Upper Town, Quebec, towards the end of the 18th century. He received his classical education at the Petit Séminaire de Québec from 1799 to 1808. A year later he began theological studies in that institution and, as was then customary, taught the junior classes at the same time. In 1812, having been made a subdeacon, he was placed under Jean-Baptiste <a href="/en/bio/roupe_jean_baptiste_8E.html" hreflang="en"><span class="SmallCaps">Roupe</span></a>, the priest in charge of the Saint-Régis mission. Roupe prepared the young cleric for the priesthood and taught him the Mohawk language. During the War of 1812 Marcoux was at the mission station when the Americans attacked on 23 Oct. 1812. But unlike Roupe he managed to escape the invaders by hiding in a peat-house until they had withdrawn from the village.</p> <p id="paragraph_296804" class="NormalParagraph">Marcoux was ordained priest by Joseph-Octave <a href="/en/bio/plessis_joseph_octave_6E.html" hreflang="en">Plessis*</a>, the bishop of Quebec, on 12 June 1813 and five days later he received authorization to proceed to the Saint-Régis mission. There he succeeded Roupe, who had just been appointed priest in charge of the mission of Lac-des-Deux-Montagnes (Oka). Shortly after his return to the Saint-Régis mission, Marcoux was confronted with two adversaries. He had to struggle against the self-proclaimed heir to Louis XVI, Eleazer <a href="/en/bio/williams_eleazer_8E.html" hreflang="en"><span class="SmallCaps">Williams</span></a>, a Congregational preacher who was engaged in undermining the faith of the Indians in his mission and their loyalty to the British crown. He also had to struggle against American officers stationed on the New York state border who endeavoured to bribe the Indians with food. Some of the Indians could not resist the temptation of adding Marcoux’s name to the list of petitioners without his knowledge, in order to obtain a larger share. In 1819 Marcoux presented a report about his conduct to the governor-in-chief, the Duke of Richmond [<a href="/en/bio/lennox_charles_richmond_5E.html" hreflang="en">Lennox*</a>], but the explanations he gave did not dispel the suspicions of the authorities concerning his loyalty and that of the Indians of his mission. To resolve the difficulty, at the end of the year Bishop Plessis appointed him priest in charge of Saint-François-Xavier mission at Caughnawaga.</p> <p id="paragraph_82959" class="NormalParagraph">During his ministry in this mission, Marcoux took effective steps to combat the scourge of alcoholism that was creating discord in the village of Caughnawaga; it had reached an alarming level following the arrival in the southern part of the Caughnawaga reserve of the quarrymen who had come to help build the Lachine Canal in 1823–24. In 1826 he managed to check the dissemination of a faulty translation of the gospels into Mohawk, a document “more likely to cast ridicule on religion than to spread it.” Around 1821 the Indians had made a claim to a strip of land adjoining the village on the La Prairie side, and in 1828 and 1830 he intervened to get their demands satisfied, but to no avail. In these same years he resisted to the utmost the attempts made by certain Indian Department officials to lure, chiefly by offering them schools, his flock away from the Catholic religion. Fortunately, Lord Gosford [<a href="/en/bio/acheson_archibald_7E.html" hreflang="en">Acheson*</a>], the governor-in-chief from 1835 to 1838, sided with him.</p> <p id="paragraph_296805" class="NormalParagraph">In 1840, however, one of Gosford’s successors, Charles Edward Poulett <a href="/en/bio/thomson_charles_edward_poulett_7E.html" hreflang="en">Thomson*</a>, asked Ignace <a href="/en/bio/bourget_ignace_11E.html" hreflang="en">Bourget*</a>, the bishop of Montreal, to remove Marcoux from Caughnawaga, blaming him for the disorder that had been prevalent in the village and accusing him of having shown disloyalty towards the government during the rebellion of 1837<em>–</em>38<em>.</em> Bourget, convinced of Marcoux’s innocence, kept him at his post, although he reproached him for labelling as “halfwits” several officials who were his opponents, notably James Hughes, Duncan Campbell <a href="/en/bio/napier_duncan_campbell_9E.html" hreflang="en">Napier*</a>, and Solomon Yeomans <a href="/en/bio/chesley_solomon_yeomans_10E.html" hreflang="en">Chesley*</a>, members of a commission to inquire into the attitude and conduct that he and the Indians of his mission had adopted in 1837<em>–</em>38<em>.</em> A very intelligent but impulsive man, Marcoux bristled like a porcupine when anyone attacked his flock. Despite Hughes’s allegations, during the rebellion Marcoux had preserved the same stance taken by all the parish priests who remained obedient to their bishops. Thomas Leigh Goldie, the secretary to Sir John <a href="/en/bio/colborne_john_9E.html" hreflang="en">Colborne*</a>, who was commander-in-chief of the armed forces in the Canadas in 1837–38, commented, “As for Mr Marcoux’s conduct, His Excellency is in no doubt that he can rely on it.”</p> <p id="paragraph_82961" class="NormalParagraph">From his first days at Caughnawaga, Marcoux had been concerned about the old mission church, which was “not respectable,” and dreamed of building a new one. As a good missionary he quickly learned the art of soliciting gifts. In 1826 he obtained from the king of France, Charles X, three large pictures for his church. On two occasions, in 1842 and 1844, he received 1,000 francs from King Louis-Philippe to build a new church. By dint of knocking on countless doors, he managed to collect the necessary funds. The church was built in 1845 according to the specifications of Félix <a href="/en/bio/martin_felix_11E.html" hreflang="en">Martin*</a>, an architect who was the superior of the Jesuits of Lower Canada. Seven years later, in response to his own discreet suggestions, Marcoux received from Napoleon III, emperor of the French, and Eugénie, his wife, liturgical vestments in cloth of gold, worthy of the fine temple he had erected, and a chalice engraved <em>Donné par l’Impératrice.</em></p> <p id="paragraph_82962" class="NormalParagraph">A true linguist, Marcoux wrote remarkable works in the Mohawk language, among others a catechism, a book of prayers, extracts from the gospels, a volume of Gregorian chant with Indian words, the translation of a biography of Kateri <a href="/en/bio/tekakwitha_1E.html" hreflang="en">Tekakwitha*</a>, whose cult he strove constantly to promote, a grammar, and Mohawk-French and French-Mohawk dictionaries.</p> <p id="paragraph_296806" class="NormalParagraph">Joseph Marcoux died a victim of his zeal, at the age of 64, during an epidemic of typhoid. He was buried in the vaults of the church built through his efforts, among the Indians he had loved so well. His priestly life, consecrated to the Mohawks, had lasted 42 years, 36 of them spent in the Saint-François-Xavier mission at Caughnawaga.</p> <p class="AuthorParagraph"><a href="/en/contrib/8"><span class="SmallCaps">Henri Béchard</span></a></p>   </section>  <section style="" id="second" class="biblio">  <p id="paragraph_296807" class="BibliographyFirstParagraph">The correspondence of Joseph Marcoux was published posthumously as <em>Lettres de M. Jos. Marcoux, missionnaire du Sault, aux chefs iroquois du Lac des Deux Montagnes, 1848–49</em> (Montréal, 1869). His works are listed in <em>Bibliography of the Iroquoian langages</em>, comp. J. C. Pilling (Washington, 1888). There is a portrait of Marcoux in the room next to the sacristy in the church at the Saint-François-Xavier mission at Kahnawake.</p><p id="paragraph_296808" class="BibliographyParagraph">AAQ, 12 A, H: f.46r; 26 CP, D: 24, 196; 210 A, VII: 411; IX: 464, 487; X: 9. ACAM, RLB, II: 155–57. ANQ-Q, CE1-1, 14 nov. 1786, 16 mars 1791. AP, Saint-François-Xavier (Kanawake), Reg. des baptêmes, mariages et sepultures, 30 mai 1855. Arch. de la Compagnie de Jesus, prov. du Canada français (Saint-Jérôme, Qué.), Boîte 1, nos.70, 82, 100, 167, 177; Boîte 2, no.236. Arch. du diocèse de Saint-Jean-de-Québec (Longueuil, Qué.), 3A/98, 131, 170, 216. ASQ, Fonds Viger–Verreau, Carton 25, no.212; Reg. du grand séminaire; Reg. du petit séminaire. “Les dénombrements de Québec” (Plessis), ANQ <em>Rapport</em>, 1948–49: 23, 73, 123. <em>Doc. relatifs</em> à <em>l’hist. constitutionnelle, 1759–1791</em> (Shortt et Doughty; 1921), 2: 605. <em>Lettres des nouvelles missions du Canada, 1843–1852</em>, Lorenzo Cadieux, édit. (Montréal et Paris, 1973), 151, 447. Allaire, <em>Dictionnaire</em>, 1: 364–65. <em>Handbook of American Indians</em> (Hodge), 2: 953–55. Morgan, <em>Bibliotheca Canadensis</em>, 247. <em>National union catalog.</em> Tanguay, <em>Répertoire</em> (1893), 176. Henri Béchard, <em>J’ai cent ans! L’église Saint-François-Xavier de Caughnawaga</em> (Montréal, 1946), 16, 29. E. J. Devine, <em>Historic Caughnawaga</em> (Montreal, 1922), 283–84, 333, 345, 372. Pouliot, <em>Mgr Bourget et son temps</em>, vol.2. Jacques Viger, “La prise de Saint-Regis,” J. M. LeMoine, édit., <em>BRH</em>, 5 (1899): 141–44.</p><p id="paragraph_82967" class="BibliographyParagraph"></p>    <div id="general_biblio" class="col-xs-12 GeneralBibliography BibliographyParagraph"><a href="/en/biblio/8" onclick="return true;" title="General Bibliography">General Bibliography</a></div>   <div id="copyright" class="col-xs-12 CopyrightBiography BibliographyParagraph"><a href="/en/notices.php" onclick="return true;" title="© 1985–2024 University of Toronto/Université Laval">© 1985–2024 University of Toronto/Université Laval</a></div>  </section>    <div style="" class="container-fluid reader-mode" id="bottom-content"> <div class="row"> </div>   <div style="display:none;" id="content-image-gallery" class="row"> <div id="image-gallery" class="col-xs-12 col-theme-white"> <h2 data-brx-ls="template_bio_image_gallery">Image Gallery</h2>  <div class="container-fluid">       <div class="demo-gallery"> <ul id="captions" class="list-unstyled row">    </ul> </div> </div>  </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div id="citations" class="column-section col-theme-white col-xs-12">   <h3>Cite This Article</h3><p>Henri Béchard, “MARCOUX, JOSEPH (Tharoniakanere),” in <em>Dictionary of Canadian Biography</em>, vol. 8, University of Toronto/Université Laval, 2003–, accessed <span class="today-mdy">December 10, 2024</span>, <span class="permalink">https://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/marcoux_joseph_8E.html</span>. <h4> The citation above shows the format for footnotes and endnotes according to the <em>Chicago manual of style</em> (16th edition). Information to be used in other citation formats:</h4> <br /> <table cellpadding="3"> <tbody> <tr> <td> <strong>Permalink:  </strong></td> <td> <span class="permalink">https://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/marcoux_joseph_8E.html</span></td> </tr> <tr> <td> <strong>Author of Article:  </strong></td> <td> Henri Béchard</td> </tr> <tr> <td> <strong>Title of Article:  </strong></td> <td> MARCOUX, JOSEPH (Tharoniakanere)</td> </tr> <tr> <td> <strong>Publication Name:  </strong></td> <td> <em>Dictionary of Canadian Biography</em>, vol. 8</td> </tr> <tr> <td> <strong>Publisher:  </strong></td> <td> University of Toronto/Université Laval</td> </tr> <tr> <td> <strong>Year of publication:  </strong></td> <td> 1985</td> </tr> <tr> <td> <strong>Year of revision:  </strong></td> <td> 1985</td> </tr> <tr> <td> <strong>Access Date:  </strong></td> <td> <span class="today-mdy">December 10, 2024</span></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <br /> </p>   </div> </div>  </div> </div> </div> </div>  <a id="button" data-brx-ls="template_return_to_top" title="Return to Top of Page"></a> </div>  <footer> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-4"> <div class="row">  <div class="col-md-8 ut_laval"> <a target="_blank" href="https://www.utoronto.ca/"><img class="img-responsive" src="/img/uoft3.svg"></a> <a target="_blank" href="https://www2.ulaval.ca/en/"><img class="img-responsive" src="/img/laval.svg"></a> </div>  <div class="col-md-4 cmh"> <a target="_blank" href="https://www.historymuseum.ca/"><img class="img-responsive" src="/img/cmh-logo.svg"></a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-4"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-6 cmh-text-left"> We acknowledge the financial support of the Canadian Museum of History through the Online Works of Reference Program funded by the Government of Canada. </div> <div class="col-md-6 cmh-text-right"> Nous reconnaissons l'aide financière du Musée canadien de l'histoire à travers les œuvres du programme de référence en ligne financés par le gouvernement du Canada. </div> </div> </div>  <div class="col-md-4"> <div class="row">  <div class="row chc-full"> <div class="col-md-12"> <a href="https://www.canada.ca/home.html"><img class="img-responsive" src="/img/govCan.svg"></a> </div> <div class="col-md-12"> <p>We acknowledge the support of the Government of Canada.</p> <hr class="chc-full"> <p>Nous reconnaissons l’appui du gouvernement du Canada.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div>  </div> <article id="involved"> <div class="col-md-12"> <p><span>© 2003-2024 University of Toronto/Université Laval</span></p> <p><a href="/en/contact_us_corrections.php" title="Suggest corrections or additions">Suggest corrections or additions</a></p> <p><a href="/en/notices.html" title="Terms governing use of website and the collection and use of personal information">Important Notices</a></p> <p><a href="/en/links.php" title="Links to related sites">Websites of Interest</a></p> </div> </article> </div> </footer>   <div id="login-holder" class="dcb-dialog"> </div> <div id="forgot-holder" class="dcb-dialog"> </div> <div id="forgot-user-holder" class="dcb-dialog"> </div> <div id="register-holder" class="dcb-dialog"> </div> <div id="contact-holder" class="dcb-dialog"> </div> <div id="choose-language" class="dcb-dialog"> </div> <div id="change-holder" class="dcb-dialog"> </div>  <div style="display:none;" class="msgbox" id="msgbox"> <div class="text"> </div> <div class="twobuttons" id="msgbox_buttons"> <a class="okay" href="javascript:void(0)">OK</a> <a class="cancel" href="javascript:void(0)">Cancel</a> </div> <div class="onebutton" id="msgbox_buttons_one"> <a class="okay" href="javascript:void(0)">OK</a> </div> </div>  <div id="reader-mode-exit"> <button type="button" class="btn btn-primary reader-mode-exit" data-brx-ls="template_reader" title="Exit reader mode">Exit reader mode</button> </div>    <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.12.4/jquery.min.js" integrity="sha512-jGsMH83oKe9asCpkOVkBnUrDDTp8wl+adkB2D+//JtlxO4SrLoJdhbOysIFQJloQFD+C4Fl1rMsQZF76JjV0eQ==" crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer"></script> <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/jqueryui/1.12.1/jquery-ui.min.js" integrity="sha512-uto9mlQzrs59VwILcLiRYeLKPPbS/bT71da/OEBYEwcdNUk8jYIy+D176RYoop1Da+f9mvkYrmj5MCLZWEtQuA==" crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer"></script> <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/jquery-easing/1.3/jquery.easing.min.js" integrity="sha512-ahmSZKApTDNd3gVuqL5TQ3MBTj8tL5p2tYV05Xxzcfu6/ecvt1A0j6tfudSGBVuteSoTRMqMljbfdU0g2eDNUA==" crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer"></script> <script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@3.4.1/dist/js/bootstrap.min.js" integrity="sha384-aJ21OjlMXNL5UyIl/XNwTMqvzeRMZH2w8c5cRVpzpU8Y5bApTppSuUkhZXN0VxHd" crossorigin="anonymous"></script>    <script type="text/javascript" src="/js/js_strings.js?time=1729526930"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/js/modernizr-3.6.js?time=1729526930"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/js/shared-base.js?time=1729526930"></script>    <script type="text/javascript"> var gaJsHost = (("https:" == document.location.protocol) ? "https://ssl." : "http://www."); document.write(unescape("%3Cscript src='" + gaJsHost + "google-analytics.com/ga.js' type='text/javascript'%3E%3C/script%3E")); </script> <script type="text/javascript"> try { var pageTracker = _gat._getTracker("UA-25429501-1"); pageTracker._trackPageview(); } catch (err) { } </script>  <script async="None" src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-HJG3WCKTF7"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-HJG3WCKTF7'); </script> <script charset="utf-8" src="/js/button.js"></script>  <script charset="utf-8" src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/OwlCarousel2/2.3.4/owl.carousel.min.js"></script>  <style type="text/css">.fb_hidden{position:absolute;top:-10000px;z-index:10001}.fb_reposition{overflow:hidden;position:relative}.fb_invisible{display:none}.fb_reset{background:none;border:0;border-spacing:0;color:#000;cursor:auto;direction:ltr;font-family:"lucida grande", tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif;font-size:11px;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:normal;line-height:1;margin:0;overflow:visible;padding:0;text-align:left;text-decoration:none;text-indent:0;text-shadow:none;text-transform:none;visibility:visible;white-space:normal;word-spacing:normal}.fb_reset>div{overflow:hidden}@keyframes fb_transform{from{opacity:0;transform:scale(.95)}to{opacity:1;transform:scale(1)}}.fb_animate{animation:fb_transform .3s forwards} .fb_dialog{background:rgba(82, 82, 82, .7);position:absolute;top:-10000px;z-index:10001}.fb_dialog_advanced{border-radius:8px;padding:10px}.fb_dialog_content{background:#fff;color:#373737}.fb_dialog_close_icon{background:url(https://static.xx.fbcdn.net/rsrc.php/v3/yq/r/IE9JII6Z1Ys.png) no-repeat scroll 0 0 transparent;cursor:pointer;display:block;height:15px;position:absolute;right:18px;top:17px;width:15px}.fb_dialog_mobile .fb_dialog_close_icon{left:5px;right:auto;top:5px}.fb_dialog_padding{background-color:transparent;position:absolute;width:1px;z-index:-1}.fb_dialog_close_icon:hover{background:url(https://static.xx.fbcdn.net/rsrc.php/v3/yq/r/IE9JII6Z1Ys.png) no-repeat scroll 0 -15px transparent}.fb_dialog_close_icon:active{background:url(https://static.xx.fbcdn.net/rsrc.php/v3/yq/r/IE9JII6Z1Ys.png) no-repeat scroll 0 -30px transparent}.fb_dialog_iframe{line-height:0}.fb_dialog_content .dialog_title{background:#6d84b4;border:1px solid #365899;color:#fff;font-size:14px;font-weight:bold;margin:0}.fb_dialog_content .dialog_title>span{background:url(https://static.xx.fbcdn.net/rsrc.php/v3/yd/r/Cou7n-nqK52.gif) no-repeat 5px 50%;float:left;padding:5px 0 7px 26px}body.fb_hidden{height:100%;left:0;margin:0;overflow:visible;position:absolute;top:-10000px;transform:none;width:100%}.fb_dialog.fb_dialog_mobile.loading{background:url(https://static.xx.fbcdn.net/rsrc.php/v3/ya/r/3rhSv5V8j3o.gif) white no-repeat 50% 50%;min-height:100%;min-width:100%;overflow:hidden;position:absolute;top:0;z-index:10001}.fb_dialog.fb_dialog_mobile.loading.centered{background:none;height:auto;min-height:initial;min-width:initial;width:auto}.fb_dialog.fb_dialog_mobile.loading.centered #fb_dialog_loader_spinner{width:100%}.fb_dialog.fb_dialog_mobile.loading.centered .fb_dialog_content{background:none}.loading.centered #fb_dialog_loader_close{clear:both;color:#fff;display:block;font-size:18px;padding-top:20px}#fb-root #fb_dialog_ipad_overlay{background:rgba(0, 0, 0, .4);bottom:0;left:0;min-height:100%;position:absolute;right:0;top:0;width:100%;z-index:10000}#fb-root #fb_dialog_ipad_overlay.hidden{display:none}.fb_dialog.fb_dialog_mobile.loading iframe{visibility:hidden}.fb_dialog_mobile .fb_dialog_iframe{position:sticky;top:0}.fb_dialog_content .dialog_header{background:linear-gradient(from(#738aba), to(#2c4987));border-bottom:1px solid;border-color:#1d3c78;box-shadow:white 0 1px 1px -1px inset;color:#fff;font:bold 14px Helvetica, sans-serif;text-overflow:ellipsis;text-shadow:rgba(0, 30, 84, .296875) 0 -1px 0;vertical-align:middle;white-space:nowrap}.fb_dialog_content .dialog_header table{height:43px;width:100%}.fb_dialog_content .dialog_header td.header_left{font-size:12px;padding-left:5px;vertical-align:middle;width:60px}.fb_dialog_content .dialog_header td.header_right{font-size:12px;padding-right:5px;vertical-align:middle;width:60px}.fb_dialog_content .touchable_button{background:linear-gradient(from(#4267B2), to(#2a4887));background-clip:padding-box;border:1px solid #29487d;border-radius:3px;display:inline-block;line-height:18px;margin-top:3px;max-width:85px;padding:4px 12px;position:relative}.fb_dialog_content .dialog_header .touchable_button input{background:none;border:none;color:#fff;font:bold 12px Helvetica, sans-serif;margin:2px -12px;padding:2px 6px 3px 6px;text-shadow:rgba(0, 30, 84, .296875) 0 -1px 0}.fb_dialog_content .dialog_header .header_center{color:#fff;font-size:16px;font-weight:bold;line-height:18px;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle}.fb_dialog_content .dialog_content{background:url(https://static.xx.fbcdn.net/rsrc.php/v3/y9/r/jKEcVPZFk-2.gif) no-repeat 50% 50%;border:1px solid #4a4a4a;border-bottom:0;border-top:0;height:150px}.fb_dialog_content .dialog_footer{background:#f5f6f7;border:1px solid #4a4a4a;border-top-color:#ccc;height:40px}#fb_dialog_loader_close{float:left}.fb_dialog.fb_dialog_mobile .fb_dialog_close_button{text-shadow:rgba(0, 30, 84, .296875) 0 -1px 0}.fb_dialog.fb_dialog_mobile .fb_dialog_close_icon{visibility:hidden}#fb_dialog_loader_spinner{animation:rotateSpinner 1.2s linear infinite;background-color:transparent;background-image:url(https://static.xx.fbcdn.net/rsrc.php/v3/yD/r/t-wz8gw1xG1.png);background-position:50% 50%;background-repeat:no-repeat;height:24px;width:24px}@keyframes rotateSpinner{0%{transform:rotate(0deg)}100%{transform:rotate(360deg)}} .fb_iframe_widget{display:inline-block;position:relative}.fb_iframe_widget span{display:inline-block;position:relative;text-align:justify}.fb_iframe_widget iframe{position:absolute}.fb_iframe_widget_fluid_desktop,.fb_iframe_widget_fluid_desktop span,.fb_iframe_widget_fluid_desktop iframe{max-width:100%}.fb_iframe_widget_fluid_desktop iframe{min-width:220px;position:relative}.fb_iframe_widget_lift{z-index:1}.fb_iframe_widget_fluid{display:inline}.fb_iframe_widget_fluid span{width:100%}</style>  <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/share-this/1.3.1/share-this.js" integrity="sha512-YQH3AWzoNd5UBgAzelMJ0L74JzsE1RfD7zrTDfveB5Xm5j9PBCU+Q2tD4RavX2iVVAt4iJ/gi1mSRCbX/X55pw==" crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer"></script> <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/share-this/1.3.1/sharers/email.min.js" integrity="sha512-4+h27jVJhdlqWwk0hvKQX2Ow5TYcyRWaYwj5hhDem63JbmslVJHqJu29zQN/ZRM/Dbg4qi9nbbx6wRwmf/S2Yw==" crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer"></script> <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/share-this/1.3.1/sharers/facebook.min.js" integrity="sha512-Wh1ZDYa/KLkn2iK8a0D4FoZSqXbw1bRFCPjVs490MpcMFs1zHtMQMpqBVAqheGpRFLcGEMy/jnFmFx+6rbGJzw==" crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer"></script> <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/share-this/1.3.1/sharers/twitter.min.js" integrity="sha512-p0d6Rkeb1XLqCBlKVz7aF+UQNu4tGmAxT5NjJPYasGU8KmXvL8iEd8j/cvuJbqYK3HnVJqmf4ulWZvLx+2a4Fw==" crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer"></script>    <script type="text/javascript" src="/js/bio.js?time=1729526930"></script>  <script type="text/javascript"> var m_languageId = '1'; var m_title = "MARCOUX, JOSEPH (Tharoniakanere)"; var m_url_pch = 'http://www.pch.gc.ca/eng/1266037002102/1265993639778'; var m_url_ut = 'http://www.utoronto.ca/'; var m_url_ul = 'http://www2.ulaval.ca/en/'; var m_loggedIn = ''; // BasePublicHelper variables var m_pageId = 'public_bio-4058-31567'; var m_pageIdIsUnique = '1'; // BioHelper variables var m_biography_id = '4058'; var m_revision_id = '31567'; var m_volume_id = '8'; var m_volume_name = 'Volume VIII (1851-1860)'; var m_publicationYear = '1985'; var m_revisionYear = '1985'; var m_print = false; $(document).ready(function() { // here:getJavascriptOnReady renderBreadcrumbs(); }); </script>  <script> var affixSettings = { offset: { top: 100, bottom: function() { return (this.bottom = $('.footer').outerHeight(true)) } } }; $('#myAffix').affix(affixSettings); </script>  <script src="/js/prettify.js"></script>  <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/picturefill/2.3.1/picturefill.min.js" integrity="sha512-O5Diz2AkqKWK7Lw4t8BnHF/47CLMPiGH9nT4A6U6+tZHCAq+jj3dA/Ngkc1LK3HmrThtjIemw5MtMrHwsV8tTg==" crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer"></script>  <script src="/js/transition.js"></script>  <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/lightgallery/1.6.12/js/lightgallery-all.js" integrity="sha512-ib6swbZG+2gcZ5gtx5NIi4enGrvMry+1bAJRXG2KlWr+3rPkB8sPUmzBuKZBPegm8pD1IiRsXbQ1XWd+5HSLbA==" crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer"></script>  <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/lg-fullscreen/1.2.1/lg-fullscreen.min.js" integrity="sha512-GvMYZx1AUxtd+OYSc33H9DYX9qeT/OY90+O8kJ65cLXvSelNSgeytaxDV8bY58TeoZxz1HiqgAfpchczH7S8qA==" crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer"></script>  <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/lg-autoplay/1.0.4/lg-autoplay.min.js" integrity="sha512-MzBa78b0IGK8BBiW2gMkSkruc9ppE9bQVBMqiFf1fcMNQ2mDuNJejZh/aWGDvhtPDpChaevAAI8WRCeHBlYqRw==" crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer"></script>       <div id="reader-mode-exit"><button type="button" class="btn btn-primary reader-mode-exit">Exit reader mode</button></div>  </body> </html>

CINXE.COM

MARCOUX, JOSEPH (Tharoniakanere) – Dictionary of Canadian Biography