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title=\"Wikipedija:Mjesec Azije/2024\"\u003EMjesec Azije\u003C/a\u003E. \u003C/td\u003E\n\u003C/tr\u003E\n\u003C/tbody\u003E\u003C/table\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E";}}());</script></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Sajt"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Sadržaj" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Sadržaj</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">premjesti na bočnu traku</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sakrij</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Početak</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Oslobađanje" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Oslobađanje"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Oslobađanje</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Oslobađanje-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Resorpcija" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Resorpcija"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Resorpcija</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Resorpcija-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Raspodela" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Raspodela"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Raspodela</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Raspodela-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Metabolizam" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Metabolizam"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Metabolizam</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Metabolizam-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Izlučivanje" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Izlučivanje"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Izlučivanje</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Izlučivanje-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Odgovor_organizma" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Odgovor_organizma"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Odgovor organizma</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Odgovor_organizma-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Povezano" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Povezano"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Povezano</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Povezano-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Izvori" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Izvori"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Izvori</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Izvori-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Spoljašnje_veze" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Spoljašnje_veze"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Spoljašnje veze</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Spoljašnje_veze-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sadržaj" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"> <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Prikaži/sakrij sadržaj" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Prikaži/sakrij sadržaj</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"><span class="mw-page-title-main">ADME</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"> <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Prijedi na druge jezične varijante članka. Dostupno je na 18 jezika" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-18" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">18 jezika</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D9%8A%D9%87_%D8%AF%D9%8A_%D8%A5%D9%85_%D8%A5%D9%8A" title="إيه دي إم إي — Arapski" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="إيه دي إم إي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arapski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/ADME" title="ADME — Katalonski" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="ADME" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ADME" title="ADME — Engleski" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="ADME" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engleski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/ADME" title="ADME — Španski" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="ADME" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Španski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/LADME" title="LADME — Baskijski" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="LADME" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/ADME" title="ADME — Francuski" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="ADME" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Francuski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/ADME" title="ADME — Indonezijski" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="ADME" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonezijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/ADME" title="ADME — Italijanski" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="ADME" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italijanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/ADME" title="ADME — Japanski" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ADME" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%9D%A1%EB%B6%84%EB%8C%80%EB%B0%B0" title="흡분대배 — Korejski" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="흡분대배" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korejski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/LADME" title="LADME — Poljski" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="LADME" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Poljski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/ADME" title="ADME — Portugalski" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="ADME" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/ADME" title="ADME — Rumunski" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="ADME" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Rumunski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/ADME" title="ADME — Ruski" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="ADME" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Ruski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/LADME" title="LADME — Slovenački" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="LADME" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/(%D0%9B)%D0%90%D0%94%D0%9C%D0%95(%D0%A0)_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="(Л)АДМЕ(Р) систем — Srpski" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="(Л)АДМЕ(Р) систем" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Srpski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/ADME" title="ADME — Tajlandski" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ADME" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Tajlandski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/ADME" title="ADME — Kineski" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="ADME" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Kineski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2272286#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Uredi međujezične poveznice" class="wbc-editpage">Uredi veze</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Imenski prostori"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/ADME" title="Vidi stranicu sadržaja [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Stranica</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Razgovor:ADME" rel="discussion" title="Razgovarajte o sadržini ove stranice [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Razgovor</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"> <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Promijeni jezičnu varijantu" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Latinica</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-varlang-0" class="selected ca-variants-sh-Latn mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ADME&variant=sh-latn" lang="sh-Latn" hreflang="sh-Latn"><span>Latinica</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-1" class="ca-variants-sh-Cyrl mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ADME&variant=sh-cyrl" lang="sh-Cyrl" hreflang="sh-Cyrl"><span>Ћирилица</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Teme"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/ADME"><span>Prikaži</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ADME&veaction=edit" title="Uredite ovu stranicu [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Uredi</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ADME&action=edit" title="Uredite izvorni kod ove stranice [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Uredi kod</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ADME&action=history" title="Pogledajte prethodne verzije ove stranice [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Historija</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Pomagala"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"> <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Alatke" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Alatke</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Alati</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">premjesti na bočnu traku</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">sakrij</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Više mogućnosti" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"> <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Radnje </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/ADME"><span>Prikaži</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ADME&veaction=edit" title="Uredite ovu stranicu [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Uredi</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ADME&action=edit" title="Uredite izvorni kod ove stranice [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Uredi kod</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ADME&action=history"><span>Historija</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"> <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Opšte </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:%C5%A0to_vodi_ovdje/ADME" title="Pogledajte listu svih stranica koje vode ovamo [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Šta vodi ovamo</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:Povezane_izmjene/ADME" rel="nofollow" title="Prelistajte nedavne izmjene stranica koje su povezane s ovom [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Povezane izmjene</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:Posebne_stranice" title="Pregledajte listu svih posebnih stranica [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Posebne stranice</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ADME&oldid=42169480" title="Nabavite trajnu vezu do ove verzije stranice"><span>Trajna veza</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ADME&action=info" title="Pronađite više informacija o ovoj stranici"><span>Podaci o stranici</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:Citiraj&page=ADME&id=42169480&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Saznajte kako da citirate ovu stranicu"><span>Citiraj stranicu</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:Skra%C4%87iva%C4%8D_adresa&url=https%3A%2F%2Fsh.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FADME"><span>Skrati URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fsh.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FADME"><span>Preuzmi QR kod</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"> <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Štampanje/izvoz </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:Kolekcija&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=ADME"><span>Napravi knjigu</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:DownloadAsPdf&page=ADME&action=show-download-screen"><span>Preuzmi kao PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ADME&printable=yes" title="Odštampajte ovu stranicu [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Odštampaj</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"> <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Na drugim projektima </div> <div 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dir="ltr"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"><p><b>ADME</b> predstavlja <a href="/wiki/Akronim" title="Akronim">akronim</a> za <a href="/w/index.php?title=Proces&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Proces (stranica ne postoji)">procese</a> kojima <a href="/wiki/Lek" class="mw-redirect" title="Lek">lek</a> podleže od unosa u <a href="/wiki/Organizam" title="Organizam">organizam</a> do <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eliminacija&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eliminacija (stranica ne postoji)">eliminacije</a> iz organizma. Odnosi se na oslobađanje (<i>liberacija</i>), resopciju (<i>apsorpcija</i>), raspodelu (<i>distribucija</i>), <i>metabolizam</i>, <b>eliminaciju</b> (<i>ekskrecija</i>, izlučivanje) i <b>odgovor</b> (reakciju) organizma na lek. Discipline koje se bave proučavanjem ovog sistema su <a href="/w/index.php?title=Biofarmacija&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Biofarmacija (stranica ne postoji)">biofarmacija</a> (oslobađanje i u manjoj meri apsorpcija), <a href="/wiki/Farmakokinetika" title="Farmakokinetika">farmakokinetika</a> (apsorpciju, distribuciju, metabolizam i ekskreciju) i <a href="/wiki/Farmakodinamika" title="Farmakodinamika">farmakodinamika</a> (odgovor organizma i u manjoj meri raspodelu, metabolizam i izlučivanje). Kako oslobađanje leka i odgovor organizma na lek nisu predmet proučavanja farmakokinetike, farmakokinetičari govore o ovom sistemu kao o <b>ADME</b> sistemu. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Oslobađanje"><span id="Osloba.C4.91anje"></span>Oslobađanje</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ADME&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Uredi odjeljak Oslobađanje" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ADME&action=edit&section=1" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Oslobađanje"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Za apsorpciju oralno primenjenih lekova neophodno je da lekovita supstanca bude <a href="/wiki/Rastvor" class="mw-redirect" title="Rastvor">rastvorena</a> u <a href="/wiki/Sistem_organa_za_varenje" class="mw-redirect" title="Sistem organa za varenje">gastrointestinalnoj</a> tečnosti. Do <a href="/wiki/Drugi_svetski_rat" class="mw-redirect" title="Drugi svetski rat">Drugog svetskog rata</a> je pouzdano ustanovljeno da različiti preparati koji sadrže istu lekovitu suptancu u istoj količinu postižu različit efekat u organizmu. Ustanovljeno je da je jedan od problema stepen i brzina oslobađanja supstanci, na koje utiču: </p> <ul><li>sama <a href="/wiki/Hemijska_struktura" title="Hemijska struktura">hemijska struktura</a> lekovite supstance (pre svega <a href="/wiki/Kovalentna_veza" title="Kovalentna veza">polarnost</a> <a href="/wiki/Molekul" title="Molekul">molekula</a>)</li> <li>fizičke osobine lekovite fome (<a href="/wiki/Tvrdo%C4%87a" title="Tvrdoća">tvrdoća</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Raspadljivost&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Raspadljivost (stranica ne postoji)">raspadljivost</a> i sl.)</li> <li>vrsta i kolilina pomoćni materija – <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekscipijens&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ekscipijens (stranica ne postoji)">ekscipijenasa</a></li> <li>tip <a href="/w/index.php?title=Farmaceutski_oblici&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Farmaceutski oblici (stranica ne postoji)">lekovitog preparata</a> i način unosa u organizam</li> <li>tehnološke operacije upotrebljene u proizvodnji leka</li></ul> <p>Lekovi primenjeni u obliku rastvora uopšte ne prolaz kroz ovu fazu, dok svi ostali oralni preparati moraju prvo da slobode lekovitu supstancu. Proces oslobađanja se može kontrolisati kao način zaštite lekovite supstance (supstance osetljive na dejstvo želudačne kiseline proizvode se u obliku <i>gastrorezistentnih/enterosolubolnih</i> <a href="/wiki/Tableta_(farmacija)" title="Tableta (farmacija)">tableta</a> i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kapsula&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kapsula (stranica ne postoji)">kapsula</a>) ili radi modifikacije brzine oslobađanja (obliku <i>retard</i> preparata). </p><p>Osim pri enetralnom unosu, oslobađanje je neophodno i pri drugim putevima primene kada se želi sistemsko dejstvo leka a ne primenjuje se intravaskularno (npr. pri primeni transdermalnih <a href="/w/index.php?title=Flaster&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flaster (stranica ne postoji)">flastera</a>). </p><p>Na proces oslobađanja mogu uticati i druge prisutne supstance – metalni <a href="/wiki/Jon" title="Jon">joni</a> mogu sa <a href="/wiki/Tetraciklini" class="mw-redirect" title="Tetraciklini">tetraciklinima</a> stvarati <a href="/w/index.php?title=Helat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Helat (stranica ne postoji)">helate</a>, prisustvo hrane izaziva lučenje <a href="/w/index.php?title=Proteinaza&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Proteinaza (stranica ne postoji)">proteinaza</a> koje onda mogu razoriti lekove koji su po svojoj strukturi <a href="/wiki/Protein" title="Protein">polipeptidi</a> i sl. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Resorpcija">Resorpcija</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ADME&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Uredi odjeljak Resorpcija" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ADME&action=edit&section=2" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Resorpcija"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><div class="noprint relarticle mainarticle"><i>Glavni članak: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Resorpcija&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Resorpcija (stranica ne postoji)">Resorpcija</a></i></div></dd></dl> <p><b>Resorpcija</b> je proces prelaska lekovite supstance sa mesta primene u <a href="/wiki/Krvni_sistem" class="mw-redirect" title="Krvni sistem">sistemsku cirkulaciju</a>. Preduslov za resorpciju je oslobađanje upstance iz leka. Vezivanje leka za površinu kože se naziva <a href="/wiki/Adsorpcija" title="Adsorpcija">adsorpcija</a>, a prolazak lekova u dublje slojeve kože, ali bez ulaska u sistemsku cirkulaciju <a href="/wiki/Penetracija" class="mw-disambig" title="Penetracija">penetracija</a>. Kada lek uđe u <a href="/wiki/Kapilar" title="Kapilar">kapilare</a> i preko njih u sistemsku cirkulaciju, dolazi do resorpcije. Mehanizmi resorpcije su, prema značaju: </p> <ol><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pasivna_difuzija&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pasivna difuzija (stranica ne postoji)">pasivna difuzija</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Konvektivni_transport&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Konvektivni transport (stranica ne postoji)">konvektivni transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aktivni_transport" title="Aktivni transport">aktivni transport</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Olak%C5%A1ani_transport&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Olakšani transport (stranica ne postoji)">olakšani transport</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transport_jonskih_parova&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Transport jonskih parova (stranica ne postoji)">transport jonskih parova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinocitoza" title="Pinocitoza">pinocitoza</a></li></ol> <p><a href="/wiki/Fizi%C4%8Dka_hemija" title="Fizička hemija">Fizičko-hemijske</a> osobine lekova koje utiču na resorpciju su </p> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Rastvorljivost" class="mw-redirect" title="Rastvorljivost">rastvorljivost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Particioni_koeficijent" title="Particioni koeficijent">particioni koeficijent</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lipidi" title="Lipidi">ulje</a>/<a href="/wiki/Voda" title="Voda">voda</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stepen_disocijacije&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stepen disocijacije (stranica ne postoji)">stepen disocijacije</a> i <a href="/wiki/Konstanta_disocijacije" title="Konstanta disocijacije">pK<sub>a</sub></a></li></ol> <p>Na resorpciju (i distribuciju) lekova značajno utiču i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Transportni_protein&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Transportni protein (stranica ne postoji)">transportni proteini</a> zaduženi za <a href="/w/index.php?title=Efluks&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Efluks (stranica ne postoji)">efluks</a> <a href="/wiki/Ksenobiotik" title="Ksenobiotik">ksenobiotika</a>, pre svih P-glikoprotein (<a href="/wiki/P-gp" class="mw-redirect" title="P-gp">P-gp</a>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Raspodela">Raspodela</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ADME&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Uredi odjeljak Raspodela" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ADME&action=edit&section=3" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Raspodela"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><div class="noprint relarticle mainarticle"><i>Glavni članak: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Distribucija_(lekovi)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Distribucija (lekovi) (stranica ne postoji)">Distribucija (lekovi)</a></i></div></dd></dl> <p><b>Raspodela</b> (<b>distribucija</b>) predstavlja povratan ili nepovratan prelaz leka u jedan ili više farmakokinetičkih <a href="/w/index.php?title=Prostor_(farmakokinetika)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Prostor (farmakokinetika) (stranica ne postoji)">prostora</a>. Od raspodele treba razlikovati <b>raspoređivanje</b> (<i>dispoziciju</i>) lekova, koja osim distribucije obuhavata i druge delove L/ADME/R sistema. Neki autori pod dispozicijom podrazumevaju distribuciju, metabolizam i ekskreciju (DME), a drugi oslobađanje, resorpciju i raspodelu (LAD). </p><p>Raspodela se opisuje <i>zapreminom raspodele (V<sub>d</sub>)</i> i odgovarajućim <i>konstantama brzine raspodele</i> (k<sub>12</sub>, k<sub>21</sub>, k<sub>13</sub>, …). </p><p>Na raspodelu utiču (kao najznačajniji, ali ne i jedini faktori) liposolubilnost leka, vezivanje leka za <a href="/wiki/Protein" title="Protein">proteine</a> plazme i količina masnog tkiva. </p><p><b>Redistribucija</b> je pojava da lek sa mesta delovanja ode na druga mesta u organizmu i dešava se se kod visoko lipofilnih lekova primenjenih brzom (<i>bolus</i>) injekcijom ili inhalacijom. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Metabolizam">Metabolizam</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ADME&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Uredi odjeljak Metabolizam" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ADME&action=edit&section=4" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Metabolizam"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><div class="noprint relarticle mainarticle"><i>Glavni članak: <a href="/wiki/Metabolizam_lekova" title="Metabolizam lekova">Metabolizam lekova</a></i></div></dd></dl> <p><b>Metabolizam</b> leka je višestepeni proces koji se polazno jedinjenje ili primarni metabolit prevodi u jedan ili više metabolita ili sekundarnih metabolita. U metabolizmu učestvuje niz <a href="/wiki/Enzim" title="Enzim">enzima</a>. Zajedno sa <b>izlučivanjem</b>, metabolizam učestvuje u <b>eliminaciji</b> lekova. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Metaboliti" class="mw-redirect" title="Metaboliti">Metaboliti</a> su po pravilu <i>hidrosolubilniji</i> od polaznih jedinjenja (<a href="/wiki/Polarnost" title="Polarnost">polarniji</a> su), zbog čega se manje vezuju za <a href="/wiki/Protein" title="Protein">proteine</a> <a href="/wiki/Plazma" class="mw-disambig" title="Plazma">plazme</a>, manje se deponuju u <a href="/wiki/Masno_tkivo" class="mw-redirect" title="Masno tkivo">masnom tkivu</a> i lakše se izlučuju. </p><p>Metabolizam se deli u 3 faze. U prvoj fazi se u postojeći molekul uvode nove funkcionalne grupe. U drugoj fazi se polazno jedinjenje ili njegovi metaboliti iz prve faze <i>konjuguju</i> sa nekim endogenim <a href="/wiki/Molekul" title="Molekul">molekulom</a>, i ovo su prave reakcije <i>detoksikacije</i>. Najveći kapacitet ima glukuronidacija – konjugacija sa <a href="/wiki/Glukuronska_kiselina" title="Glukuronska kiselina">glukuronskom kiselinom</a>. Treća faza predstavlja metabolizam konjugata <a href="/wiki/Glutation" title="Glutation">glutationa</a> pri čemu nastaju <a href="/wiki/Cistein" title="Cistein">cistein</a>-konjugati i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Merkapturna_kiselina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Merkapturna kiselina (stranica ne postoji)">merkapturne kiseline</a>. </p><p>Neki lekovi (npr. <a href="/wiki/Saharin" title="Saharin">saharin</a>) se ne metabolizuju već se izlučuju u nepromenjenom obliku. </p><p>Na metabolizam utiču brojni faktori: unutrašnji (<a href="/wiki/Vrsta_(biologija)" class="mw-redirect" title="Vrsta (biologija)">vrsta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Genetika" title="Genetika">genetički</a> faktori, starost, pol, <a href="/wiki/Hormoni" title="Hormoni">hormoni</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bolest" title="Bolest">bolesti</a>) i spoljašnji (<a href="/wiki/Ishrana" class="mw-redirect" title="Ishrana">ishrana</a> i faktori okoline). </p><p>Lekovi primenjeni enteralno podležu <a href="/wiki/Metabolizam_prvog_prolaza" title="Metabolizam prvog prolaza">metabolizmu prvog prolaza</a> pre nego što uopšte dospeju u sistemsku cirkulaciju. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Izlučivanje"><span id="Izlu.C4.8Divanje"></span>Izlučivanje</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ADME&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Uredi odjeljak Izlučivanje" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ADME&action=edit&section=5" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Izlučivanje"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><div class="noprint relarticle mainarticle"><i>Glavni članak: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Izlu%C4%8Divanje_(lekovi)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Izlučivanje (lekovi) (stranica ne postoji)">Izlučivanje (lekovi)</a></i></div></dd></dl> <p>Zajedno sa metabolizmom, u eliminaciji lekova učestvuje i <b>izlučivanje</b> (<b>ekskrecija</b>), kojim se lek (ili njegovi metaboliti) konačno uklanjaju iz organizma. Nepolarni molekuli se prvo metabolišu, dok se polarni češće izlučuju nepromenjeni. </p><p>Glavni put izlučivanja je preko <a href="/wiki/Bubreg" title="Bubreg">bubrega</a> (<a href="/wiki/Urin" class="mw-redirect" title="Urin">urina</a>), a lek se može izlučivati i preko <a href="/wiki/%C5%BDu%C4%8D" title="Žuč">žuči</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sistem_organa_za_varenje" class="mw-redirect" title="Sistem organa za varenje">digestivnog trakta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pljuva%C4%8Dka" title="Pljuvačka">pljuvačke</a>, <a href="/wiki/Plu%C4%87a" title="Pluća">pluća</a>, <a href="/wiki/Znoj" class="mw-redirect" title="Znoj">znoja</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mleko" class="mw-redirect" title="Mleko">mleka</a>, pa i <a href="/wiki/Suza" class="mw-redirect" title="Suza">suza</a>. </p><p>Moguća je ponovna resorpcija leka iz urina, žuči, salive i creva. </p><p>Izlučivanje lekom je od značaja kod <a href="/wiki/Dojenje" title="Dojenje">dojenja</a>. Majke koje koriste <a href="/w/index.php?title=Antitireoidni_lekovi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antitireoidni lekovi (stranica ne postoji)">antitireoidne lekove</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Litijim_karbonat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Litijim karbonat (stranica ne postoji)">litijum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hloramfenikol" class="mw-redirect" title="Hloramfenikol">hloramfenikol</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sulfonamid" class="mw-disambig" title="Sulfonamid">sulfonamide</a> i <a href="/wiki/Citostatik" class="mw-redirect" title="Citostatik">citostatike</a> ne smeju da doje. Između ostalog, mlekom se izlučuje i <a href="/wiki/Etanol" title="Etanol">alkohol</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Odgovor_organizma">Odgovor organizma</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ADME&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Uredi odjeljak Odgovor organizma" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ADME&action=edit&section=6" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Odgovor organizma"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><div class="noprint relarticle mainarticle"><i>Glavni članak: <a href="/wiki/Farmakodinamika" title="Farmakodinamika">Farmakodinamika</a></i></div></dd></dl> <p>Nakon primene leka dolazi do promene <a href="/wiki/Fiziologija" title="Fiziologija">fizioloških</a> funkcija i <a href="/wiki/Biohemija" title="Biohemija">biohemijskih</a> procesa. Efekat leka zavisi od primenjene doze, ali i unutrašnjih faktora organizama (starost, pol, rasa, bolest), kao i od mesta primene. Odnos doze i efekta leka nikada nije <a href="/wiki/Linearno_preslikavanje" class="mw-redirect" title="Linearno preslikavanje">linearan</a>. Dejstvo leka se može ostvariti na mestu primene (lokalno) ili nakon resorpcije i raspodele (sistemsko). Dejstva leka se dele na glavno (željeno) i <b>neželjena dejstva</b>. Najčešće su neželjena dejstva povezana sa samim mehanizmom delovanja leka, ali se mogu javiti i <a href="/wiki/Alergija" title="Alergija">alergijske</a> reakcije, koje nisu direktno u vezi sa mehanizmom dejstva leka. </p><p>Visoke doze leka mogu biti toksične, a raspon između terapijskih i toksičnih doza predstavlja <i>terapijsku širinu</i> leka. Što je terapijka širina veća lek je bezbedniji. </p><p><b>Mehanizam dejstva</b> je rasvetljen za većinu lekova i najčešće zahteva interakciju između leka i ćelijskog <a href="/wiki/Receptor_(biohemija)" title="Receptor (biohemija)">receptora</a>. Ukoliko se lek vezuje za više receptora (npr. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Antihistaminici&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antihistaminici (stranica ne postoji)">antihistaminici</a>) kaže se da je takav lek <b>prljav</b>. Neki lekovi ostvaruju dejstvo tako što ometaju prirodan <a href="/wiki/Metabolizam" title="Metabolizam">metabolizam</a> – ovako između ostalog deluju <a href="/wiki/Statini" class="mw-redirect" title="Statini">statini</a> i neki citostatici. </p><p>Lekovi mogu izazvati <a href="/wiki/Zavisnost" class="mw-redirect" title="Zavisnost">zavisnost</a> (psihičku ili fizičku). Moguć je razvoj i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tolerancija_(lekovi)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tolerancija (lekovi) (stranica ne postoji)">tolerancije</a>, tako da je potrebno povećanje doze radi postizanja istog efekta. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Povezano">Povezano</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ADME&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Uredi odjeljak Povezano" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ADME&action=edit&section=7" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Povezano"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biofarmacija&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Biofarmacija (stranica ne postoji)">Biofarmacija</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Farmaceutski_oblici&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Farmaceutski oblici (stranica ne postoji)">Farmaceutski oblici</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farmakokinetika" title="Farmakokinetika">Farmakokinetika</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Farmakokineti%C4%8Dki_modeli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Farmakokinetički modeli (stranica ne postoji)">Farmakokinetički modeli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bioraspolo%C5%BEivost" title="Bioraspoloživost">Bioraspoloživost</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Membranski_transport" title="Membranski transport">Membranski transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mihaelis-Mentenina_kinetika" class="mw-redirect" title="Mihaelis-Mentenina kinetika">Mihaelis-Mentenina kinetika</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Renalni_klirens&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Renalni klirens (stranica ne postoji)">Renalni klirens</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Izvori">Izvori</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ADME&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Uredi odjeljak Izvori" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ADME&action=edit&section=8" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Izvori"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol><li>Milena Pokrajac: <i>Farmakokinetika</i>, Beograd 2002, <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/86-902551-4-1" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/86-902551-4-1">86-902551-4-1</a></li> <li>Vladislav Varagić, Milenko Milošević: <i>Farmakologija</i>, Beograd 2001, <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/86-7222-022-6" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/86-7222-022-6">86-7222-022-6</a></li> <li><span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: help; color: var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="ruski jezik">(<kbd>ru</kbd>)</span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.medkurs.ru/pharmacy/technology/section2189/">Biofarmacija</a></li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Spoljašnje_veze"><span id="Spolja.C5.A1nje_veze"></span>Spoljašnje veze</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ADME&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Uredi odjeljak Spoljašnje veze" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ADME&action=edit&section=9" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Spoljašnje veze"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pubpk.org">PubPK</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170623052728/http://pubpk.org/">Arhivirano</a> 2017-06-23 na <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine-u</a></li> <li><a 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id="Medicinska_hemija" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Medicinska_hemija" title="Medicinska hemija">Medicinska hemija</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/(L)ADME(R)_sistem" class="mw-redirect" title="(L)ADME(R) sistem">ADME</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">•</span> <a href="/wiki/Bioraspolo%C5%BEivost" title="Bioraspoloživost">Bioraspoloživost</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">•</span> <a href="/wiki/Hemogenomika" title="Hemogenomika">Hemogenomika</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">•</span> <a href="/wiki/Dizajn_lekova" title="Dizajn lekova">Dizajn lekova</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">•</span> <a href="/wiki/Otkrivanje_leka" title="Otkrivanje leka">Otkrivanje lekova</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">•</span> <a href="/wiki/Inhibicija_enzimskih_reakcija" title="Inhibicija enzimskih reakcija">Enzimski inhibitor</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">•</span> <a href="/wiki/Mehanizam_akcije" title="Mehanizam akcije">Mehanizam akcije</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">•</span> <a href="/wiki/Nevi_hemijski_entitet" title="Nevi hemijski entitet">Nevi hemijski entitet</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">•</span> <a href="/wiki/Farmakodinamika" title="Farmakodinamika">Farmakodinamika</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">•</span> <a href="/wiki/Farmakokinetika" title="Farmakokinetika">Farmakokinetika</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">•</span> <a href="/wiki/Farmakologija" title="Farmakologija">Farmakologija</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">•</span> <a href="/wiki/Farmakofor" title="Farmakofor">Farmakofor</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">•</span> <a href="/wiki/Kvantitativni_odnos_strukture_i_aktivnosti" title="Kvantitativni odnos strukture i aktivnosti">Kvantitativni odnos strukture i aktivnosti</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles nomobile"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r41348688"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Farmakološki_koncepti" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#efefef"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r41556979"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r41556873"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-prikaži"><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0ablon:Farmakologija-lat" title="Šablon:Farmakologija-lat"><abbr title="Pogledajte šablon" style=";background:#efefef;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">p</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-razgovor"><a href="/wiki/Razgovor_o_%C5%A1ablonu:Farmakologija-lat" title="Razgovor o šablonu:Farmakologija-lat"><abbr title="Razgovarajte o šablonu" style=";background:#efefef;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">r</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-uredi"><a class="external text" href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%C5%A0ablon:Farmakologija-lat&action=edit"><abbr title="Uredite šablon" style=";background:#efefef;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">u</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Farmakološki_koncepti" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Farmakologija" title="Farmakologija">Farmakološki</a> <a href="/wiki/Lek" class="mw-redirect" title="Lek">koncepti</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Farmakokinetika" title="Farmakokinetika">Farmakokinetika</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">ADME</a>: <a href="/wiki/Apsorpcija_(farmakokinetika)" title="Apsorpcija (farmakokinetika)">Apsorpcija</a> •  <a href="/wiki/Distribucija_(farmakologija)" title="Distribucija (farmakologija)">Distribucija</a> •  <a href="/wiki/Metabolizam_leka" class="mw-redirect" title="Metabolizam leka">Metabolizam</a> •  <a href="/wiki/Ekskrecija" class="mw-redirect" title="Ekskrecija">Ekskrecija</a> (<a href="/wiki/Uklanjanje_(medicina)" class="mw-redirect" title="Uklanjanje (medicina)">Uklanjanje</a>) <p><a href="/wiki/Po%C4%8Detna_doza" title="Početna doza">Početna doza</a> •  <a href="/wiki/Volumen_distribucije" title="Volumen distribucije">Volumen distribucije</a> (<a href="/wiki/Inicijalni_volumen_raspodele" class="mw-redirect" title="Inicijalni volumen raspodele">Inicijalni</a>) •  <a href="/wiki/Stopa_infuzije" title="Stopa infuzije">Stopa infuzije</a> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Pregrada_(farmakokinetika)" title="Pregrada (farmakokinetika)">Pregrada</a> •  <a href="/wiki/Bioekvivalentnost" title="Bioekvivalentnost">Bioekvivalentnost</a> •  <a href="/wiki/Bioraspolo%C5%BEivost" title="Bioraspoloživost">Biodostupnost</a> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Po%C4%8Detak_dejstva" title="Početak dejstva">Početak dejstva</a> •  <a href="/wiki/Poluvreme_eliminacije" title="Poluvreme eliminacije">Biološki polu-život</a> •  <a href="/wiki/Vezivanje_za_proteine_plazme" title="Vezivanje za proteine plazme">Vezivanje za proteine plazme</a> </p> <a href="/wiki/Terapeutski_indeks" title="Terapeutski indeks">Terapeutski indeks</a> (<a href="/wiki/Letalna_doza" class="mw-redirect" title="Letalna doza">LD<sub>50</sub></a>/<a href="/wiki/Efektivna_doza" title="Efektivna doza">ED<sub>50</sub></a>)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Farmakodinamika" title="Farmakodinamika">Farmakodinamika</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Toksi%C4%8Dnost" title="Toksičnost">Toksičnost</a> (<a href="/wiki/Neurotoksikologija" class="mw-redirect" title="Neurotoksikologija">Neurotoksikologija</a>) •  <a href="/wiki/Odnos_doza-efekat" class="mw-redirect" title="Odnos doza-efekat">Odnos doza-efekat</a> (<a href="/wiki/Efikasnost#Farmakologija" title="Efikasnost">Efikasnost</a>, <a href="/wiki/Potentnost_(farmakologija)" title="Potentnost (farmakologija)">Potentnost</a>)<br /> <a href="/wiki/Antimikrobna_farmakodinamika" title="Antimikrobna farmakodinamika">Antimikrobna farmakodinamika</a>: <a href="/wiki/Minimalna_inhibitorna_koncentracija" title="Minimalna inhibitorna koncentracija">Minimalna inhibitorna koncentracija</a>/<a href="/wiki/Bakteriostati%C4%8Dki_agens" title="Bakteriostatički agens">Bakteriostatik</a> •  <a href="/wiki/Minimalna_baktericidna_koncentracija" title="Minimalna baktericidna koncentracija">Minimalna baktericidna koncentracija</a>/<a href="/wiki/Baktericid" title="Baktericid">Baktericid</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Agonizam i antagonizam</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Agonist_(farmakologija)" title="Agonist (farmakologija)">Agonist</a>: <a href="/wiki/Inverzni_agonist" title="Inverzni agonist">Inverzni agonist</a> •  <a href="/wiki/Ireverzibilni_agonist" title="Ireverzibilni agonist">Ireverzibilni agonist</a> •  <a href="/wiki/Parcijalni_agonist" title="Parcijalni agonist">Parcijalni agonist</a> •  <a href="/wiki/Superagonist" title="Superagonist">Superagonist</a> •  <a href="/wiki/Fiziolo%C5%A1ki_agonizam_i_antagonizam" title="Fiziološki agonizam i antagonizam">Fiziološki agonist</a><br /> <p><a href="/wiki/Antagonist_(farmakologija)" title="Antagonist (farmakologija)">Antagonist</a>: <a href="/wiki/Kompetitivni_antagonist" title="Kompetitivni antagonist">Konkurentni antagonist</a> •  <a href="/wiki/Ireverzibilni_antagonist" title="Ireverzibilni antagonist">Ireverzibilni antagonist</a> •  <a href="/wiki/Fiziolo%C5%A1ki_agonizam_i_antagonizam" title="Fiziološki agonizam i antagonizam">Fiziološki antagonist</a> </p> Drugo: <a href="/wiki/Vezivanje_(molekulsko)" class="mw-redirect" title="Vezivanje (molekulsko)">Vezivanje</a> •  <a href="/wiki/Konstanta_disocijacije#Protein-ligand_vezivanje" title="Konstanta disocijacije">Afinitet</a> •  <a href="/wiki/Selektivnost_vezivanja" title="Selektivnost vezivanja">Selektivnost vezivanja</a> •  <a href="/wiki/Funkcionalna_selektivnost" title="Funkcionalna selektivnost">Funkcionalna selektivnost</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Drugo</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Tolerancija_leka" title="Tolerancija leka">Tolerancija leka</a>: <a href="/wiki/Tahifilaksija" title="Tahifilaksija">Tahifilaksija</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Otpornost_na_lek" title="Otpornost na lek">Otpornost na lek</a>: <a href="/wiki/Otpornost_na_antibiotik" class="mw-redirect" title="Otpornost na antibiotik">Otpornost na antibiotik</a> •  <a href="/wiki/Otpornost_na_vi%C5%A1estruke_lekove" title="Otpornost na višestruke lekove">Otpornost na višestruke lekove</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Srodna polja/podpolja</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Farmakogenetika" title="Farmakogenetika">Farmakogenetika</a> •  <a href="/wiki/Farmakogenomika" title="Farmakogenomika">Farmakogenomika</a> •  <a href="/wiki/Neuropsihofarmakologija" title="Neuropsihofarmakologija">Neuropsihofarmakologija</a> (<a href="/wiki/Neurofarmakologija" title="Neurofarmakologija">Neurofarmakologija</a>, <a href="/wiki/Psihofarmakologija" title="Psihofarmakologija">Psihofarmakologija</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr">Izvor: <a dir="ltr" href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ADME&oldid=42169480">https://sh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ADME&oldid=42169480</a></div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:Kategorije" title="Posebno:Kategorije">Kategorije</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Lijekovi" title="Kategorija:Lijekovi">Lijekovi</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Farmakokinetika" title="Kategorija:Farmakokinetika">Farmakokinetika</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Sakrivena 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