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.ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Lead_too_short plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-lead_too_short" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Lead_section#Length" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Lead section">lead section</a> <b>may be too short to adequately <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Summary_style" title="Wikipedia:Summary style">summarize</a> the key points</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please consider expanding the lead to <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Lead_section#Provide_an_accessible_overview" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Lead section">provide an accessible overview</a> of all important aspects of the article.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">January 2017</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p><p>A <b>security clearance</b> is a status granted to individuals allowing them access to <a href="/wiki/Classified_information" title="Classified information">classified information</a> (state or organizational <a href="/wiki/Secret" class="mw-redirect" title="Secret">secrets</a>) or to <a href="/wiki/Exclusion_zone" title="Exclusion zone">restricted areas</a>, after completion of a thorough <a href="/wiki/Background_check" title="Background check">background check</a>. The term "security clearance" is also sometimes used in private organizations that have a formal process to <a href="/wiki/Vetting" title="Vetting">vet</a> employees for access to sensitive information. A clearance by itself is normally not sufficient to gain access; the organization must also determine that the cleared individual <a href="/wiki/Need_to_know" title="Need to know">needs to know</a> specific information. No individual is supposed to be granted automatic access to classified information solely because of rank, position, or a security clearance.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#What_information_to_include" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="A complete citation is needed. (October 2024)">full citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Canada"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Canada</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#United_Kingdom"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">United Kingdom</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#National_Security_Clearance_types"><span class="tocnumber">2.1</span> <span class="toctext">National Security Clearance types</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#National_Security_Clearance_history"><span class="tocnumber">2.2</span> <span class="toctext">National Security Clearance history</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#Other_UK_clearances"><span class="tocnumber">2.3</span> <span class="toctext">Other UK clearances</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="#United_States"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">United States</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="#United_Nations"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">United Nations</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="#Individuals_who_have_had_security_clearances_revoked"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Individuals who have had security clearances revoked</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><a href="#Related_to_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack"><span class="tocnumber">5.1</span> <span class="toctext">Related to January 6 United States Capitol attack</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-10"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-11"><a href="#Notes_and_references"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">Notes and references</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-12"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-13"><a href="#Canada_2"><span class="tocnumber">8.1</span> <span class="toctext">Canada</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-14"><a href="#Germany"><span class="tocnumber">8.2</span> <span class="toctext">Germany</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-15"><a href="#United_Kingdom_2"><span class="tocnumber">8.3</span> <span class="toctext">United Kingdom</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-16"><a href="#United_States_2"><span class="tocnumber">8.4</span> <span class="toctext">United States</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-17"><a href="#UN"><span class="tocnumber">8.5</span> <span class="toctext">UN</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-18"><a href="#Geneva_Centre_for_the_Democratic_Control_of_Armed_Forces"><span class="tocnumber">8.6</span> <span class="toctext">Geneva Centre for the Democratic Control of Armed Forces</span></a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Canada">Canada</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Security_clearance&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Canada" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Classified_information#Canada" title="Classified information">Classified information § Canada</a></div> <div class="excerpt-block"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1066933788">.mw-parser-output .excerpt-hat .mw-editsection-like{font-style:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable dablink excerpt-hat selfref">This section is an excerpt from <a href="/wiki/Canada_security_clearance" title="Canada security clearance">Canada security clearance</a>.<span class="mw-editsection-like plainlinks"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Canada_security_clearance&action=edit">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><div class="excerpt"> A <a href="/wiki/Canada_security_clearance" title="Canada security clearance">Canada security clearance</a> is required for viewing classified information in Canada.</div></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="United_Kingdom">United Kingdom</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Security_clearance&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: United Kingdom" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Security_vetting_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Security vetting in the United Kingdom">Security vetting in the United Kingdom</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="National_Security_Clearance_types">National Security Clearance types</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Security_clearance&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: National Security Clearance types" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>National Security Clearances are a hierarchy of levels, depending on the <a href="/wiki/Government_Security_Classifications_Policy" title="Government Security Classifications Policy">classification of materials</a> that can be accessed—Baseline Personnel Security Standard (BPSS), Counter-Terrorist Check (CTC), Enhanced Baseline Standard (EBS), Security Check (SC), enhanced Security Check (eSC), Developed Vetting (DV), enhanced Developed Vetting (eDV), and STRAP. </p><p>The BPSS is the entry-level National Security Clearance, and both CTC and EBS are effectively enhancements to the BPSS, with CTC relating to checking for susceptibility to extremist persuasion, and EBS relating to checking for susceptibility to espionage persuasion, the latter being needed for supervised access to SECRET material. The SC again is focused on susceptibility to espionage persuasion, and is required for an individual to have long-term unsupervised access to SECRET material and occasional access to TOP SECRET (TS) material, whilst for regular access to TS the DV, eDV is required. Occasionally STRAP is required with DV. </p><p>Those with National Security Clearance are commonly required to sign a statement to the effect that they agree to abide by the restrictions of the <a href="/wiki/Official_Secrets_Act" title="Official Secrets Act">Official Secrets Act</a> (OSA). This is popularly referred to as "signing the Official Secrets Act". Signing this has no effect on which actions are legal, as the act is a law, not a contract, and individuals are bound by it whether or not they have signed it. Signing it is intended more as a reminder to the person that they are under such obligations. To this end, it is common to sign this statement both before and after a period of employment that involves access to secrets. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="National_Security_Clearance_history">National Security Clearance history</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Security_clearance&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: National Security Clearance history" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>After the United States entered into <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, Britain changed its security classifications to match those of the U.S.. Previously, classifications had included the top classification "Most Secret", but it soon became apparent that the United States did not fully understand the UK's classifications, and classified information appeared in the U.S.'s press. This spearheaded the uniformity in classification between the United Kingdom and the United States. The terminology and levels of British security classifications have also changed from Positive Vetting and Enhanced Positive Vetting to SC, eSC, DV, eDV and STRAP. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_UK_clearances">Other UK clearances</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Security_clearance&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Other UK clearances" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>In addition to National Security Clearances, other types of roles and organisations stipulate a need for clearances, including: </p> <ul><li>Vulnerable Group Access (including children), as operated by the <a href="/wiki/Disclosure_and_Barring_Service" title="Disclosure and Barring Service">Disclosure and Barring Service</a> (DBS), replacing former Criminal Records Bureau (CRB) and <a href="/wiki/Independent_Safeguarding_Authority" title="Independent Safeguarding Authority">Independent Safeguarding Authority</a> (ISA) checks</li> <li>Law Enforcement, with a hierarchy of Police Personnel Vetting (PPV) and Non-Police Personnel Vetting (NPPV) levels.</li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="United_States">United States</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Security_clearance&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: United States" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <div class="excerpt-block"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable dablink excerpt-hat selfref">This section is an excerpt from <a href="/wiki/United_States_security_clearance" title="United States security clearance">United States security clearance</a>.<span class="mw-editsection-like plainlinks"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=United_States_security_clearance&action=edit">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><div class="excerpt"> <p>A <a href="/wiki/United_States_security_clearance" title="United States security clearance">United States security clearance</a> is an official determination that an individual may access information <a href="/wiki/Classified_information_in_the_United_States" title="Classified information in the United States">classified</a> by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Government" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Government">United States Government</a>. Security clearances are hierarchical; each level grants the holder access to information in that level and the levels below it. </p> The <a href="/wiki/US_president" class="mw-redirect" title="US president">US president</a> can declassify previously classified information, following a detailed process.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="United_Nations">United Nations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Security_clearance&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: United Nations" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1248332772">.mw-parser-output .multiple-issues-text{width:95%;margin:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .multiple-issues-text>.mw-collapsible-content{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox{border:none;border-collapse:collapse;background-color:transparent;margin:0 0 0 1.6em!important;padding:0!important;width:auto;display:block}body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox.mbox-small-left{font-size:100%;width:auto;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-text{padding:0!important;margin:0!important}.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-text-span{display:list-item;line-height:1.5em;list-style-type:disc}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .multiple-issues-text>.mw-collapsible-toggle,.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-image,.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-imageright,.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-empty-cell,.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .hide-when-compact{display:none}</style><table class="box-Multiple_issues plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-multiple_issues compact-ambox" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span"><div class="multiple-issues-text mw-collapsible"><b>This section has multiple issues.</b> Please help <b><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Security_clearance" title="Special:EditPage/Security clearance">improve it</a></b> or discuss these issues on the <b><a href="/wiki/Talk:Security_clearance" title="Talk:Security clearance">talk page</a></b>. <small><i>(<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove these messages</a>)</i></small> <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Security_clearance" title="Special:EditPage/Security clearance">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">October 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Expand_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs expansion</b>. You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Security_clearance&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">October 2024</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> </div> </div><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The UN has a Security Clearance (SC) procedure and document for <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> staff travelling to areas designated as security phase areas, with numbers ranging from one to five ("no-phase" areas are calm countries where no SC is required). </p><p><a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> staff can apply for SC online, at the website of the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Department_for_Safety_and_Security" title="United Nations Department for Safety and Security">Department for Safety and Security</a>. </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Individuals_who_have_had_security_clearances_revoked">Individuals who have had security clearances revoked</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Security_clearance&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Individuals who have had security clearances revoked" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <p>In the post <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> era, there have been several highly publicized, and often controversial, cases of officials or scientists having their security clearances revoked, including: </p> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Name</th> <th>Reason</th> <th>Year of revocation </th></tr> <tr> <td data-sort-value="Berger, Sandy"><a href="/wiki/Sandy_Berger" title="Sandy Berger">Sandy Berger</a></td> <td>Mishandling of classified documents</td> <td>2005 </td></tr> <tr> <td data-sort-value="Blagojevich, Rod"><a href="/wiki/Rod_Blagojevich" title="Rod Blagojevich">Rod Blagojevich</a><sup id="cite_ref-Blagojevich_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Blagojevich-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>Corruption charges</td> <td>2008 </td></tr> <tr> <td data-sort-value="Brennan, John O."><a href="/wiki/John_O._Brennan" class="mw-redirect" title="John O. Brennan">John O. Brennan</a></td> <td>Claimed but not processed<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>N/A </td></tr> <tr> <td data-sort-value="Deutch, John M."><a href="/wiki/John_M._Deutch" title="John M. Deutch">John M. Deutch</a></td> <td>Mishandling of classified information</td> <td>1999 </td></tr> <tr> <td data-sort-value="Drake, Thomas Andrews"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Andrews_Drake" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas Andrews Drake">Thomas Andrews Drake</a></td> <td>Unauthorized disclosure of secrets</td> <td>2010 </td></tr> <tr> <td data-sort-value="El-Ganayni, Abdel-Moniem"><a href="/wiki/Abdel-Moniem_El-Ganayni" title="Abdel-Moniem El-Ganayni">Abdel-Moniem El-Ganayni</a></td> <td>Unknown reasons</td> <td>2008 </td></tr> <tr> <td data-sort-value="Flynn, Michael T."><a href="/wiki/Michael_T._Flynn" class="mw-redirect" title="Michael T. Flynn">Michael T. Flynn</a></td> <td>Lying to the FBI</td> <td>2017 </td></tr> <tr> <td data-sort-value="Lee, Wen Ho"><a href="/wiki/Wen_Ho_Lee" title="Wen Ho Lee">Wen Ho Lee</a></td> <td>Espionage charges</td> <td>1999 </td></tr> <tr> <td data-sort-value="Oppenheimer, Robert"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Oppenheimer" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Oppenheimer">Robert Oppenheimer</a></td> <td>Communist sympathies</td> <td>1954 </td></tr> <tr> <td data-sort-value="Saucier, Aldric"><a href="/wiki/Aldric_Saucier" title="Aldric Saucier">Aldric Saucier</a></td> <td>Whistleblowing on fraud<sup id="cite_ref-chicagotribunearmyagaintargets_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chicagotribunearmyagaintargets-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>1992 </td></tr> <tr> <td data-sort-value="Snowden, Edward"><a href="/wiki/Edward_Snowden" title="Edward Snowden">Edward Snowden</a></td> <td>Unauthorized disclosure of secrets</td> <td>2013 </td></tr> <tr> <td data-sort-value="Turing, Alan"><a href="/wiki/Alan_Turing" title="Alan Turing">Alan Turing</a> <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">(UK)</a></td> <td>Homosexuality conviction</td> <td>1952 </td></tr> <tr> <td data-sort-value="Xuesen, Qian"><a href="/wiki/Qian_Xuesen" title="Qian Xuesen">Qian Xuesen</a></td> <td>Communist sympathies</td> <td>1950 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>This list does not cover people whose security clearance lapsed possibly following changing their job.<sup id="cite_ref-Vetting_guidelines_18082018_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vetting_guidelines_18082018-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Related_to_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack">Related to <a href="/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack" title="January 6 United States Capitol attack">January 6 United States Capitol attack</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Security_clearance&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Related to January 6 United States Capitol attack" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <div class="excerpt-block"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable dablink excerpt-hat selfref">This section is an excerpt from <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_Judiciary_Select_Subcommittee_on_the_Weaponization_of_the_Federal_Government#Third_hearing" title="United States House Judiciary Select Subcommittee on the Weaponization of the Federal Government">United States House Judiciary Select Subcommittee on the Weaponization of the Federal Government § Third hearing</a>.<span class="mw-editsection-like plainlinks"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=United_States_House_Judiciary_Select_Subcommittee_on_the_Weaponization_of_the_Federal_Government&action=edit">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><div class="excerpt"> The subcommittee heard testimony from three self-proclaimed FBI whistleblowers on May 18, 2023. They had previously complained about ways the bureau had allegedly discriminated against conservatives. Two of the three witnesses, and a third man, had their <a href="/wiki/Security_clearances" class="mw-redirect" title="Security clearances">security clearances</a> revoked days before the hearing for participating in the <a href="/wiki/January_6_attack" class="mw-redirect" title="January 6 attack">January 6 attack</a>, or for later expressing views about it that placed into question their "allegiance to the United States," according to the bureau. The three men had been suspended; NBC News reported in June that one of the men had been suspended because FBI internal investigators concluded he had leaked sensitive investigative information to the right-wing <a href="/wiki/Project_Veritas" title="Project Veritas">Project Veritas</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Two of the witnesses acknowledged receiving cash payments from Trump loyalist Kash Patel.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-United_States_House_Judiciary_Select_Subcommittee_on_the_Weaponization_of_the_Federal_Government_auto_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-United_States_House_Judiciary_Select_Subcommittee_on_the_Weaponization_of_the_Federal_Government_auto-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Security_clearance&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: See also" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._security_clearance_terms" title="List of U.S. security clearance terms">List of U.S. security clearance terms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_established_military_terms" title="List of established military terms">List of established military terms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_government_and_military_acronyms" title="List of government and military acronyms">List of government and military acronyms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Security_Advisory_Opinion" title="Security Advisory Opinion">Security Advisory Opinion</a></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Notes_and_references">Notes and references</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Security_clearance&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Notes and references" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(Abiodun, 2006)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFGoldmanFandosSavage2018" class="citation news cs1">Goldman, Adam; Fandos, Nicholas; Savage, Charlie (2 February 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2018/02/02/us/politics/trump-fbi-memo.html">"House Republicans Release Secret Memo Accusing Russia Investigators of Bias"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 February</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=House+Republicans+Release+Secret+Memo+Accusing+Russia+Investigators+of+Bias&rft.date=2018-02-02&rft.aulast=Goldman&rft.aufirst=Adam&rft.au=Fandos%2C+Nicholas&rft.au=Savage%2C+Charlie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2018%2F02%2F02%2Fus%2Fpolitics%2Ftrump-fbi-memo.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecurity+clearance" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Blagojevich-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Blagojevich_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna28475919">Ill. governor's federal security clearance revoked</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchmidtBarnes2019" class="citation news cs1">Schmidt, Michael S.; Barnes, Julian E. 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NBC News.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=FBI+agent+who+testified+for+Republicans+was+suspended+over+leaked+sensitive+information&rft.date=2023-06-08&rft.aulast=Nobles&rft.aufirst=Ryan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbcnews.com%2Fpolitics%2Fcongress%2Ffbi-agent-testified-republicans-was-suspended-leaked-classified-inform-rcna88407&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecurity+clearance" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKen_DilanianRyan_J._Reilly2023" class="citation news cs1">Ken Dilanian; Ryan J. Reilly (18 May 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/congress/gop-witnesses-undermined-jan-6-cases-conspiracy-theories-fbi-says-rcna85095">"GOP witnesses undermined Jan. 6 cases with conspiracy theories, FBI says"</a>. NBC News.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=GOP+witnesses+undermined+Jan.+6+cases+with+conspiracy+theories%2C+FBI+says&rft.date=2023-05-18&rft.au=Ken+Dilanian&rft.au=Ryan+J.+Reilly&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbcnews.com%2Fpolitics%2Fcongress%2Fgop-witnesses-undermined-jan-6-cases-conspiracy-theories-fbi-says-rcna85095&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecurity+clearance" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFeuer2023" class="citation news cs1">Feuer, Alan (17 May 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2023/05/17/us/politics/fbi-security-clearance-jan-6.html">"F.B.I. Revokes Security Clearances of 3 Agents Over Jan. 6 Issues"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=F.B.I.+Revokes+Security+Clearances+of+3+Agents+Over+Jan.+6+Issues&rft.date=2023-05-17&rft.aulast=Feuer&rft.aufirst=Alan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2023%2F05%2F17%2Fus%2Fpolitics%2Ffbi-security-clearance-jan-6.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecurity+clearance" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-United_States_House_Judiciary_Select_Subcommittee_on_the_Weaponization_of_the_Federal_Government_auto-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-United_States_House_Judiciary_Select_Subcommittee_on_the_Weaponization_of_the_Federal_Government_auto_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLuke_BroadwaterAdam_Goldman2023" class="citation news cs1">Luke Broadwater; Adam Goldman (2 March 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2023/03/02/us/politics/house-weaponization-committee-jan-6.html">"G.O.P. Witnesses, Paid by Trump Ally, Embraced Jan. 6 Conspiracy Theories"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=G.O.P.+Witnesses%2C+Paid+by+Trump+Ally%2C+Embraced+Jan.+6+Conspiracy+Theories&rft.date=2023-03-02&rft.au=Luke+Broadwater&rft.au=Adam+Goldman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2023%2F03%2F02%2Fus%2Fpolitics%2Fhouse-weaponization-committee-jan-6.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecurity+clearance" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Security_clearance&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: External links" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-8 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-8"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Canada_2">Canada</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Security_clearance&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Canada" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tbs-sct.gc.ca/pol/doc-eng.aspx?id=28115">Standard on Security Screening</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Germany">Germany</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Security_clearance&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Germany" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>German language official files </p> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/s_g/BJNR086700994.html">[1]</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304121609/http://www.bmi.bund.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Themen/Sicherheit/SicherheitAllgemein/Allgemein_VV_SueG_pdf.pdf;jsessionid=59C9F3088E2FB4BE2DA318B11C64ED68.2_cid373?__blob=publicationFile">[2]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_Kingdom_2">United Kingdom</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Security_clearance&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: United Kingdom" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mod.uk/DefenceInternet/AboutDefence/WhatWeDo/SecurityandIntelligence/DVA/">UK MOD's Defence Vetting Agency</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_States_2">United States</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Security_clearance&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: United States" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://usmilitary.about.com/od/theorderlyroom/l/blsecmenu.htm">(DoD) Factors Used for Determining Security Clearance Approval/Disapproval</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061202125633/http://usmilitary.about.com/od/theorderlyroom/l/blsecmenu.htm">Archived</a> 2 December 2006 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110604163722/http://www.dod.mil/dodgc/doha/industrial/">Defense Office of Hearings and Appeals decisions</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.clearancejobs.com/security_clearance_faq.pdf">Security Clearance FAQs</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040329210014/https://www.clearancejobs.com/security_clearance_faq.pdf">Archived</a> 29 March 2004 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121113105137/http://www.jobsforuscitizens.com/how-to-get-us-security-clearance/">How to get clearance</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fas.org/irp/doddir/dod/index.html">DoD Intelligence & Security Documents, directives and Instructions</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=EjVHMRx-zakC&dq=clearance+jobs,+bennett&pg=PA290">DoD Security Clearances and Contracts Guidebook-What You Need to Know About Your Need to Know</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fedcas.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/05/Federal-Suitability-Security-Clearance-Chart.pdf">Federal Suitability Security Clearance Chart</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.natlawreview.com/article/defense-office-hearings-and-appeals-doha-experiencing-immense-backlog-cases-highligh">Defense Office of Hearings and Appeals (DOHA) Experiencing Immense Backlog of Cases, Highlighting Need for Thorough and Effective Preparation of Clearance Applications</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="UN">UN</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Security_clearance&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: UN" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trip.dss.un.org/dssweb/WelcometoUNDSS.aspx">United Nations Department of Safety and Security</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Geneva_Centre_for_the_Democratic_Control_of_Armed_Forces">Geneva Centre for the Democratic Control of Armed Forces</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Security_clearance&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Geneva Centre for the Democratic Control of Armed Forces" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141108185635/http://www.dcaf.ch/Publications/Vetting-and-the-Security-Sector">Vetting and the Security Sector</a>, published by <a href="/wiki/Geneva_Centre_for_the_Democratic_Control_of_Armed_Forces" class="mw-redirect" title="Geneva Centre for the Democratic Control of Armed Forces">DCAF</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style 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<h4>Languages</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B5%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AD_%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%86%D9%8A" title="تصريح أمني – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تصريح أمني" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Habilitaci%C3%B3_de_seguretat" title="Habilitació de seguretat – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Habilitació de seguretat" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikkerhedsgodkendelse" title="Sikkerhedsgodkendelse – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Sikkerhedsgodkendelse" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Habilitation_de_s%C3%A9curit%C3%A9_en_France" title="Habilitation de sécurité en France – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Habilitation de sécurité en France" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B9%84%EB%B0%80_%EC%A0%95%EB%B3%B4_%EC%82%AC%EC%9A%A9_%ED%97%88%EA%B0%80" title="비밀 정보 사용 허가 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="비밀 정보 사용 허가" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nulla_osta_di_sicurezza" title="Nulla osta di sicurezza – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Nulla osta di sicurezza" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%AA%D7%97%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%A8_%D7%91%D7%99%D7%98%D7%97%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99" title="תחקיר ביטחוני – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="תחקיר ביטחוני" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veiligheidsmachtiging" title="Veiligheidsmachtiging – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Veiligheidsmachtiging" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%BB%E3%82%AD%E3%83%A5%E3%83%AA%E3%83%86%E3%82%A3%E3%83%BB%E3%82%AF%E3%83%AA%E3%82%A2%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B9" title="セキュリティ・クリアランス – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="セキュリティ・クリアランス" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikkerhetsklarering" title="Sikkerhetsklarering – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Sikkerhetsklarering" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Po%C5%9Bwiadczenie_bezpiecze%C5%84stwa" title="Poświadczenie bezpieczeństwa – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Poświadczenie bezpieczeństwa" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Habilita%C3%A7%C3%A3o_de_seguran%C3%A7a" title="Habilitação de segurança – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Habilitação de segurança" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Security_clearance" title="Security clearance – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Security clearance" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pravo_na_informisanje_%C4%8Dlanova_dru%C5%A1tva" title="Pravo na informisanje članova društva – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Pravo na informisanje članova društva" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turvallisuusselvitys" title="Turvallisuusselvitys – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Turvallisuusselvitys" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A4kerhetspr%C3%B6vning" title="Säkerhetsprövning – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Säkerhetsprövning" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%96%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%96" title="Перевірка благонадійності – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Перевірка благонадійності" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E8%A8%B1%E5%8F%AF" title="安全許可 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="安全許可" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li></ul> </section> </div> <div 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