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process</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: Hydrothermal process"> <meta name="keywords" content="Hydrothermal process"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none 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action="https://publications.waset.org/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="Hydrothermal process"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 5488</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: Hydrothermal process</h1> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5488</span> Emission Constrained Hydrothermal Scheduling Algorithm</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Sayeed%20Salam">Sayeed Salam</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents an efficient emission constrained hydrothermal scheduling algorithm that deals with nonlinear functions such as the water discharge characteristics, thermal cost, and transmission loss. It is then incorporated into the hydrothermal coordination program. The program has been tested on a practical utility system having 32 thermal and 12 hydro generating units. Test results show that a slight increase in production cost causes a substantial reduction in emission. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Emission%20constraint" title="Emission constraint">Emission constraint</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Hydrothermal%20coordination" title=" Hydrothermal coordination"> Hydrothermal coordination</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=and%20Hydrothermal%20scheduling%20algorithm." title=" and Hydrothermal scheduling algorithm."> and Hydrothermal scheduling algorithm.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10594/emission-constrained-hydrothermal-scheduling-algorithm" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10594/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10594/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10594/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10594/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10594/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10594/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10594/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10594/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10594/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10594/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10594.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1372</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5487</span> Vertically Grown p–Type ZnO Nanorod on Ag Thin Film</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Jihyun%20Park">Jihyun Park</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Tae%20Il%20Lee"> Tae Il Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Jae-Min%20Myoung"> Jae-Min Myoung</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>A Silver (Ag) thin film is introduced as a template and doping source for vertically aligned p–type ZnO nanorods. ZnO nanorods were grown using an ammonium hydroxide based hydrothermal process. During the hydrothermal process, the Ag thin film was dissolved to generate Ag ions in the solution. The Ag ions can contribute to doping in the wurzite structure of ZnO and the (111) grain of Ag thin film can be the epitaxial temporal template for the (0001) plane of ZnO. Hence, Ag–doped p–type ZnO nanorods were successfully grown on the substrate, which can be an electrode or semiconductor for the device application. To demonstrate the potentials of this idea, p–n diode was fabricated and its electrical characteristics were demonstrated.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ag%E2%80%93doped%20ZnO%20nanorods" title="Ag–doped ZnO nanorods">Ag–doped ZnO nanorods</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Hydrothermal%20process" title=" Hydrothermal process"> Hydrothermal process</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=p%E2%80%93n%0D%0Ahomo%E2%80%93junction%20diode" title=" p–n homo–junction diode"> p–n homo–junction diode</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=p%E2%80%93type%20ZnO." title=" p–type ZnO."> p–type ZnO.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000397/vertically-grown-p-type-zno-nanorod-on-ag-thin-film" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000397/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000397/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000397/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000397/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000397/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000397/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000397/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000397/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000397/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000397/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000397.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2376</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5486</span> Mathematical Modeling of the Influence of Hydrothermal Processes in the Water Reservoir</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Alibek%20Issakhov">Alibek Issakhov</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper presents the mathematical model of hydrothermal processes in thermal power plant with different wind direction scenarios in the water reservoir, which is solved by the Navier - Stokes and temperature equations for an incompressible fluid in a stratified medium. Numerical algorithm based on the method of splitting by physical parameters. Three dimensional Poisson equation is solved with Fourier method by combination of tridiagonal matrix method (Thomas algorithm). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=thermal%20power%20plant" title="thermal power plant">thermal power plant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=hydrothermal%20process" title=" hydrothermal process"> hydrothermal process</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=large%0Aeddy%20simulation" title=" large eddy simulation"> large eddy simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=water%20reservoir" title=" water reservoir"> water reservoir</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13627/mathematical-modeling-of-the-influence-of-hydrothermal-processes-in-the-water-reservoir" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13627/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13627/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13627/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13627/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13627/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13627/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13627/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13627/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13627/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13627/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13627.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1644</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5485</span> The Optimum Operating Conditions for the Synthesis of Zeolite from Waste Incineration Fly Ash by Alkali Fusion and Hydrothermal Methods</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Yi-Jie%20Lin">Yi-Jie Lin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Jyh-Cherng%20Chen"> Jyh-Cherng Chen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>The fly ash of waste incineration processes is usually hazardous and the disposal or reuse of waste incineration fly ash is difficult. In this study, the waste incineration fly ash was converted to useful zeolites by the alkali fusion and hydrothermal synthesis method. The influence of different operating conditions (the ratio of Si/Al, the ratio of hydrolysis liquid to solid, and hydrothermal time) was investigated to seek the optimum operating conditions for the synthesis of zeolite from waste incineration fly ash. The results showed that concentrations of heavy metals in the leachate of Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP) were all lower than the regulatory limits except lead. The optimum operating conditions for the synthesis of zeolite from waste incineration fly ash by the alkali fusion and hydrothermal synthesis method were Si/Al=40, NaOH/ash=1.5, alkali fusion at 400 <sup>o</sup>C for 40 min, hydrolysis with Liquid to Solid ratio (L/S)= 200 at 105 <sup>o</sup>C for 24 h, and hydrothermal synthesis at 105 <sup>o</sup>C for 24 h. The specific surface area of fly ash could be significantly increased from 8.59 m<sup>2</sup>/g to 651.51 m<sup>2</sup>/g (synthesized zeolite). The influence of different operating conditions on the synthesis of zeolite from waste incineration fly ash followed the sequence of Si/Al ratio > hydrothermal time > hydrolysis L/S ratio. The synthesized zeolites can be reused as good adsorbents to control the air or wastewater pollutants. The purpose of fly ash detoxification, reduction and waste recycling/reuse is achieved successfully.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Alkali%20fusion" title="Alkali fusion">Alkali fusion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=hydrothermal" title=" hydrothermal"> hydrothermal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=fly%20ash" title=" fly ash"> fly ash</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=zeolite." title=" zeolite."> zeolite.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009762/the-optimum-operating-conditions-for-the-synthesis-of-zeolite-from-waste-incineration-fly-ash-by-alkali-fusion-and-hydrothermal-methods" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009762/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009762/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009762/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009762/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009762/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009762/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009762/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009762/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009762/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009762/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009762.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">882</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5484</span> Emission Constrained Economic Dispatch for Hydrothermal Coordination</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Md.%20Sayeed%20Salam">Md. Sayeed Salam</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents an efficient emission constrained economic dispatch algorithm that deals with nonlinear cost function and constraints. It is then incorporated into the dynamic programming based hydrothermal coordination program. The program has been tested on a practical utility system having 32 thermal and 12 hydro generating units. Test results show that a slight increase in production cost causes a substantial reduction in emission. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Emission%20constraint" title="Emission constraint">Emission constraint</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Hydrothermal%20coordination" title=" Hydrothermal coordination"> Hydrothermal coordination</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=and%20Economic%20dispatch%20algorithm." title="and Economic dispatch algorithm.">and Economic dispatch algorithm.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8628/emission-constrained-economic-dispatch-for-hydrothermal-coordination" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8628/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8628/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8628/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8628/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8628/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8628/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8628/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8628/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8628/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8628/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8628.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1817</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5483</span> Hydrothermal Synthesis of ZnO/SnO2 Nanoparticles with High Photocatalytic Activity</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Azam%20Anaraki%20Firooz">Azam Anaraki Firooz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ali%20Reza%20Mahjoub"> Ali Reza Mahjoub</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Abbas%20Ali%20Khodadadi"> Abbas Ali Khodadadi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The paper reports the preparation and photocatalytic activity of ZnO/SnO2 and SnO2 nanoparticles. These nanoparticles were synthesized by hydrothermal method. The products were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Their grain sizes are about 50-100 nm. The photocatalytic activities of these materials were investigated for congo red removal from aqueous solution under UV light irradiation. It was shown that the use of ZnO/SnO2 as photocatalyst have better photocatalytic activity for degradation of congo red than SnO2 or TiO2 (anatase, particle size: 30nm) alone. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=ZnO%2FSnO2%20nanoparticle" title="ZnO/SnO2 nanoparticle">ZnO/SnO2 nanoparticle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=hydrothermal" title=" hydrothermal"> hydrothermal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=photocatalysis" title="photocatalysis">photocatalysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1302/hydrothermal-synthesis-of-znosno2-nanoparticles-with-high-photocatalytic-activity" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1302/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1302/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1302/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1302/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1302/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1302/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1302/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1302/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1302/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1302/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1302.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">3468</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5482</span> Hydrothermal Alteration Zones Identification Based on Remote Sensing Data in the Mahin Area, West of Qazvin Province, Iran</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=R.%20Nouri">R. Nouri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.R.%20Jafari"> M.R. Jafari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20Arain."> M. Arain.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=F.%20Feizi"> F. Feizi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Mahin area is a part of Tarom- Hashtjin zone that located in west of Qazvin province in northwest of Iran. Many copper and base metals ore deposits are hosted by this zone. High potential localities identification in this area is very necessary. The objective of this research, is finding hydrothermal alteration zones by remote sensing methods and best processing technique of Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) data. Different methods such as band ratio, Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Minimum Noise Fraction (MNF) and Least Square Fit (LS-Fit) were used for mapping hydrothermal alteration zones. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Hydrothermal%20alteration" title="Hydrothermal alteration">Hydrothermal alteration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Iran" title=" Iran"> Iran</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mahin" title=" Mahin"> Mahin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Remote%0Asensing" title=" Remote sensing"> Remote sensing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10309/hydrothermal-alteration-zones-identification-based-on-remote-sensing-data-in-the-mahin-area-west-of-qazvin-province-iran" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10309/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10309/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10309/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10309/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10309/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10309/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10309/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10309/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10309/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10309/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10309.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2820</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5481</span> Hydrated Magnesium Borate Synthesis from MgCl2.6H2O at 80oC by Hydrothermal Method</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20S.%20Kipcak">A. S. Kipcak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=P.%20Gurses"> P. Gurses</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=E.%20Moroydor%20Derun"> E. Moroydor Derun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=S.%20Piskin"> S. Piskin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Borate minerals have attracted considerable attention in the past years due to their structural chemistry and mechanical properties in several industries. Recently, increasing attention has been paid to the use of; synthetically produced magnesium borates as catalysts reinforcing material for plastics, the conversion of hydrocarbons, electro-conductive treating agent, anti-wear and anti-corrosion materials. Magnesium borates can be synthesized by several methods such as; hydrothermal and solid-state (thermal) processes. In this study the hydrothermal production method was applied at the modest temperature of 80C along with convenient crystal growth. Using MgCl2.6H2O, H3BO3, and NaOH as starting materials, 30, 60, 120, 240 minutes of reaction times were studied. After all, the crystal structure and the morphology of the products were examined by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR). As a result the forms of Admontite and Mcallisterite minerals were synthesized.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=FT-IR" title="FT-IR">FT-IR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=hydrothermal%20method" title=" hydrothermal method"> hydrothermal method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=magnesium%20borates" title=" magnesium borates"> magnesium borates</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=XRD." title=" XRD."> XRD.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6094/hydrated-magnesium-borate-synthesis-from-mgcl26h2o-at-80oc-by-hydrothermal-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6094/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6094/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6094/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6094/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6094/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6094/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6094/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6094/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6094/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6094/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6094.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2678</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5480</span> Hydrothermal Fabrication of Iodine Doped Titanium Oxide Films on Ti Substrate</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20P.%20Neupane">M. P. Neupane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=T.%20S.%20N.%20Sankara%20Narayanan"> T. S. N. Sankara Narayanan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=J.%20E.%20Park"> J. E. Park</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Y.%20K.%20Kim"> Y. K. Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=I.%20S.%20Park"> I. S. Park</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=K.%20Y.%20Song"> K. Y. Song</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=T.%20S.%20Bae"> T. S. Bae</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20H.%20Lee"> M. H. Lee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Titanium oxide films with different morphologies have for the first time been fabricated through hydrothermal reactions between a titanium substrate and iodine powder in water or ethanol. SEM revealed that iodine supported titanium (Ti-I2) surface shows different morphologies with variable treatment conditions. The mean surface roughness (Ra) was increased in the different groups. Use of surfactant has a role to increase the roughness of the film. The surface roughness was in the range of 0.15 μm-0.42 μm. Furthermore, the electrochemical examinations showed that the Ti-I2 surface fabricated in alcoholic medium has high corrosion resistance than in aqueous medium.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Corrosion" title="Corrosion">Corrosion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Hydrothermal" title=" Hydrothermal"> Hydrothermal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Surface%20roughness" title=" Surface roughness"> Surface roughness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Titanium%20oxide." title=" Titanium oxide."> Titanium oxide.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11577/hydrothermal-fabrication-of-iodine-doped-titanium-oxide-films-on-ti-substrate" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11577/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11577/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11577/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11577/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11577/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11577/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11577/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11577/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11577/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11577/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11577.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1926</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5479</span> Fabrication of ZnO Nanorods Based Biosensor via Hydrothermal Method</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Muhammad%20Tariq">Muhammad Tariq</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Jafar%20Khan%20Kasi"> Jafar Khan Kasi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Samiullah"> Samiullah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ajab%20Khan%20Kasi"> Ajab Khan Kasi </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Biosensors are playing vital role in industrial, clinical, and chemical analysis applications. Among other techniques, ZnO based biosensor is an easy approach due to its exceptional chemical and electrical properties. ZnO nanorods have positively charged isoelectric point which helps immobilize the negative charge glucose oxides (GOx). Here, we report ZnO nanorods based biosensors for the immobilization of GOx. The ZnO nanorods were grown by hydrothermal method on indium tin oxide substrate (ITO). The fabrication of biosensors was carried through batch processing using conventional photolithography. The buffer solutions of GOx were prepared in phosphate with a pH value of around 7.3. The biosensors effectively immobilized the GOx and result was analyzed by calculation of voltage and current on nanostructures. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Hydrothermal%20growth" title="Hydrothermal growth">Hydrothermal growth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=zinc%20dioxide" title=" zinc dioxide"> zinc dioxide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=biosensors." title=" biosensors."> biosensors.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009697/fabrication-of-zno-nanorods-based-biosensor-via-hydrothermal-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009697/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009697/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009697/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009697/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009697/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009697/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009697/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009697/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009697/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009697/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009697.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1054</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5478</span> Enhancing Efficiency for Reducing Sugar from Cassava Bagasse by Pretreatment</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=S.%20Gaewchingduang">S. Gaewchingduang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=P.%20Pengthemkeerati"> P. Pengthemkeerati</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Cassava bagasse is one of major biomass wastes in Thailand from starch processing industry, which contains high starch content of about 60%. The object of this study was to investigate the optimal condition for hydrothermally pretreating cassava baggasses with or without acid addition. The pretreated samples were measured reducing sugar yield directly or after enzymatic hydrolysis (alpha-amylase). In enzymatic hydrolysis, the highest reducing sugar content was obtained under hydrothermal conditions for at 125oC for 30 min. The result shows that pretreating cassava baggasses increased the efficiency of enzymatic hydrolysis. For acid hydrolysis, pretreating cassava baggasses with sulfuric acid at 120oC for 60 min gave a maximum reducing sugar yield. In this study, sulfuric acid had a greater capacity for hydrolyzing cassava baggasses than phosphoric acid. In comparison, dilute acid hydrolysis to provide a higher yield of reducing sugar than the enzymatic hydrolysis combined hydrothermal pretreatment. However, enzymatic hydrolysis in a combination with hydrothermal pretreatment was an alternative to enhance efficiency reducing sugar production from cassava bagasse.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Acid%20hydrolysis" title="Acid hydrolysis">Acid hydrolysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=cassava%20bagasse" title=" cassava bagasse"> cassava bagasse</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=enzymatic%20hydrolysis" title=" enzymatic hydrolysis"> enzymatic hydrolysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=hydrothermal%20pretreatment." title=" hydrothermal pretreatment."> hydrothermal pretreatment.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8110/enhancing-efficiency-for-reducing-sugar-from-cassava-bagasse-by-pretreatment" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8110/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8110/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8110/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8110/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8110/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8110/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8110/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8110/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8110/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8110/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8110.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2978</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5477</span> Synthesis of SnO Novel Cabbage Nanostructure and Its Electrochemical Property as an Anode Material for Lithium Ion Battery</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Yongkui%20Cui">Yongkui Cui</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Fengping%20Wang"> Fengping Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Hailai%20Zhao"> Hailai Zhao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Muhammad%20Zubair%20Iqbal"> Muhammad Zubair Iqbal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ziya%20Wang"> Ziya Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Yan%20Li"> Yan Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Pengpeng%20L.%20V."> Pengpeng L. V.</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The novel 3D SnO cabbages self-assembled by nanosheets were successfully synthesized via template-free hydrothermal growth method under facile conditions. The XRD results manifest that the as-prepared SnO is tetragonal phase. The TEM and HRTEM results show that the cabbage nanosheets are polycrystalline structure consisted of considerable single-crystalline nanoparticles. Two typical Raman modes A1g=210 and Eg=112 cm-1 of SnO are observed by Raman spectroscopy. Moreover, galvanostatic cycling tests has been performed using the SnO cabbages as anode material of lithium ion battery and the electrochemical results suggest that the synthesized SnO cabbage structures are a promising anode material for lithium ion batteries. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Hydrothermal%20process" title="Hydrothermal process">Hydrothermal process</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=lithium%20ion%20battery" title=" lithium ion battery"> lithium ion battery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Raman%0D%0Aspectroscopy" title=" Raman spectroscopy"> Raman spectroscopy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=stannous%20oxide." title=" stannous oxide."> stannous oxide.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001684/synthesis-of-sno-novel-cabbage-nanostructure-and-its-electrochemical-property-as-an-anode-material-for-lithium-ion-battery" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001684/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001684/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001684/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001684/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001684/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001684/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001684/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001684/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001684/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001684/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001684.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2106</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5476</span> The Optimization of Copper Sulfate and Tincalconite Molar Ratios on the Hydrothermal Synthesis of Copper Borates</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=E.%20Moroydor%20Derun">E. Moroydor Derun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=N.%20Tugrul"> N. Tugrul</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=F.%20T.%20Senberber"> F. T. Senberber</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20S.%20Kipcak"> A. S. Kipcak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=S.%20Piskin"> S. Piskin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>In this research, copper borates are synthesized by the reaction of copper sulfate pentahydrate (CuSO4.5H2O) and tincalconite (Na2O4B7.10H2O). The experimental parameters are selected as 80oC reaction temperature and 60 of reaction time. The effect of mole ratio of CuSO4.5H2O to Na2O4B7.5H2O is studied. For the identification analyses X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) techniques are used. At the end of the experiments, synthesized copper borate is matched with the powder diffraction file of “00-001-0472” [Cu(BO2)2] and characteristic vibrations between B and O atoms are seen. The proper crystals are obtained at the mole ratio of 3:1. This study showed that simplified synthesis process is suitable for the production of copper borate minerals.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Hydrothermal%20synthesis" title="Hydrothermal synthesis">Hydrothermal synthesis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=copper%20borates" title=" copper borates"> copper borates</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=copper%0D%0Asulfate" title=" copper sulfate"> copper sulfate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=tincalconite." title=" tincalconite."> tincalconite.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999594/the-optimization-of-copper-sulfate-and-tincalconite-molar-ratios-on-the-hydrothermal-synthesis-of-copper-borates" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999594/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999594/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999594/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999594/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999594/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999594/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999594/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999594/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999594/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999594/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999594.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">3507</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5475</span> The Effect of Waste Magnesium to Boric Acid Ratio in Hydrothermal Magnesium Borate Synthesis at 70oC</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=E.%20Moroydor%20Derun">E. Moroydor Derun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20S.%20Kipcak"> A. S. Kipcak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20Kaplan"> A. Kaplan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=S.%20Piskin"> S. Piskin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Magnesium wastes are produced by many industrial activities. This waste problem is becoming a future problem for the world. Magnesium borates have many advantages such as; high corrosion resistance, heat resistance, high coefficient of elasticity and can also be used in the production of material against radiation. Addition, magnesium borates have great potential in sectors including ceramic and detergents industry and superconducting materials. In this study, using the starting materials of waste magnesium and H3BO3 the hydrothermal method was applied at a moderate temperature of 70oC. Several mole ratios of waste magnesium to H3BO3 are selected as; 1:2, 1:4, 1:6, 1:8, 1:10. Reaction time was determined as 1 hour. After the synthesis, X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) techniques are applied to products. As a result the forms of mcallisterite “Mg2(B6O7(OH)6)2.9(H2O)”, admontite “MgO(B2O3)3.7(H2O)” and magnesium boron hydrate (MgO(B2O3)3.6(H2O)” are obtained. </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Hydrothermal%20synthesis" title="Hydrothermal synthesis">Hydrothermal synthesis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=magnesium%20borates" title=" magnesium borates"> magnesium borates</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=waste%0D%0Amagnesium." title=" waste magnesium."> waste magnesium.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16264/the-effect-of-waste-magnesium-to-boric-acid-ratio-in-hydrothermal-magnesium-borate-synthesis-at-70oc" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16264/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16264/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16264/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16264/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16264/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16264/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16264/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16264/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16264/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16264/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16264.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2410</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5474</span> GSA-Based Design of Dual Proportional Integral Load Frequency Controllers for Nonlinear Hydrothermal Power System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20Elsisi">M. Elsisi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20Soliman"> M. Soliman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20A.%20S.%20Aboelela"> M. A. S. Aboelela</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=W.%20Mansour"> W. Mansour</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper considers the design of Dual Proportional- Integral (DPI) Load Frequency Control (LFC), using gravitational search algorithm (GSA). The design is carried out for nonlinear hydrothermal power system where generation rate constraint (GRC) and governor dead band are considered. Furthermore, time delays imposed by governor-turbine, thermodynamic process, and communication channels are investigated. GSA is utilized to search for optimal controller parameters by minimizing a time-domain based objective function. GSA-based DPI has been compared to Ziegler- Nichols based PI, and Genetic Algorithm (GA) based PI controllers in order to demonstrate the superior efficiency of the proposed design. Simulation results are carried for a wide range of operating conditions and system parameters variations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Gravitational%20Search%20Algorithm%20%28GSA%29" title="Gravitational Search Algorithm (GSA)">Gravitational Search Algorithm (GSA)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Load%0D%0AFrequency%20Control%20%28LFC%29" title=" Load Frequency Control (LFC)"> Load Frequency Control (LFC)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Dual%20Proportional-Integral%20%28DPI%29%0D%0Acontroller." title=" Dual Proportional-Integral (DPI) controller."> Dual Proportional-Integral (DPI) controller.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002456/gsa-based-design-of-dual-proportional-integral-load-frequency-controllers-for-nonlinear-hydrothermal-power-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002456/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002456/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002456/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002456/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002456/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002456/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002456/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002456/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002456/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002456/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002456.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1985</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5473</span> Hydrothermal Treatment for Production of Aqueous Co-Product and Efficient Oil Extraction from Microalgae</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Manatchanok%20Tantiphiphatthana">Manatchanok Tantiphiphatthana</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Lin%20Peng"> Lin Peng</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Rujira%20Jitrwung"> Rujira Jitrwung</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Kunio%20Yoshikawa"> Kunio Yoshikawa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) is a technique for obtaining clean biofuel from biomass in the presence of heat and pressure in an aqueous medium which leads to a decomposition of this biomass to the formation of various products. A role of operating conditions is essential for the bio-oil and other products’ yield and also quality of the products. The effects of these parameters were investigated in regards to the composition and yield of the products. Chlorellaceae microalgae were tested under different HTL conditions to clarify suitable conditions for extracting bio-oil together with value-added co-products. Firstly, different microalgae loading rates (5-30%) were tested and found that this parameter has not much significant to product yield. Therefore, 10% microalgae loading rate was selected as a proper economical solution for conditioned schedule at 250oC and 30 min-reaction time. Next, a range of temperature (210-290oC) was applied to verify the effects of each parameter by keeping the reaction time constant at 30 min. The results showed no linkage with the increase of the reaction temperature and some reactions occurred that lead to different product yields. Moreover, some nutrients found in the aqueous product are possible to be utilized for nutrient recovery.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Bio-oil" title="Bio-oil">Bio-oil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Hydrothermal%20Liquefaction" title=" Hydrothermal Liquefaction"> Hydrothermal Liquefaction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Microalgae" title=" Microalgae"> Microalgae</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Aqueous%20co-product." title=" Aqueous co-product."> Aqueous co-product.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001294/hydrothermal-treatment-for-production-of-aqueous-co-product-and-efficient-oil-extraction-from-microalgae" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001294/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001294/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001294/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001294/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001294/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001294/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001294/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001294/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001294/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001294/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001294.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2097</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5472</span> The Determination of the Potassium Nitrate, Sodium Hydroxide and Boric Acid Molar Ratio in the Synthesis of Potassium Borates via Hydrothermal Method</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20Yildirim">M. Yildirim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20S.%20Kipcak"> A. S. Kipcak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=F.%20T.%20Senberber"> F. T. Senberber</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20O.%20Asensio"> M. O. Asensio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=E.%20M.%20Derun"> E. M. Derun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=S.%20Piskin"> S. Piskin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Potassium borates, which are widely used in welding and metal refining industry, as a lubricating oil additive, cement additive, fiberglass additive and insulation compound, are one of the important groups of borate minerals. In this study the production of a potassium borate mineral via hydrothermal method is aimed. The potassium source of potassium nitrate (KNO3) was used along with a sodium source of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and boron source of boric acid (H3BO3). The constant parameters of reaction temperature and reaction time were determined as 80°C and 1 h, respectively. The molar ratios of 1:1:3 (as KNO3:NaOH:H3BO3), 1:1:4, 1:1:5, 1:1:6 and 1:1:7 were used. Following the synthesis the identifications of the produced products were conducted by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Raman Spectroscopy. The results of the experiments and analysis showed in the ratio of 1:1:6, the Santite mineral with powder diffraction file number (pdf no.) of 01-072-1688, which is known as potassium pentaborate (KB5O8·4H2O) was synthesized as best. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Hydrothermal%20synthesis" title="Hydrothermal synthesis">Hydrothermal synthesis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=potassium%20borate" title=" potassium borate"> potassium borate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=potassium%20nitrate" title=" potassium nitrate"> potassium nitrate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=santite." title=" santite."> santite.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001632/the-determination-of-the-potassium-nitrate-sodium-hydroxide-and-boric-acid-molar-ratio-in-the-synthesis-of-potassium-borates-via-hydrothermal-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001632/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001632/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001632/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001632/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001632/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001632/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001632/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001632/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001632/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001632/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001632.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">3308</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5471</span> The Effect of Solution Density on the Synthesis of Magnesium Borate from Boron-Gypsum</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=N.%20Tugrul">N. Tugrul</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=E.%20Sariburun"> E. Sariburun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=F.%20T.%20Senberber"> F. T. Senberber</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20S.%20Kipcak"> A. S. Kipcak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=E.%20Moroydor%20Derun"> E. Moroydor Derun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=S.%20Piskin"> S. Piskin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Boron-gypsum is a waste which occurs in the boric acid production process. In this study, the boron content of this waste is evaluated for the use in synthesis of magnesium borates and such evaluation of this kind of waste is useful more than storage or disposal. Magnesium borates, which are a sub-class of boron minerals, are useful additive materials for the industries due to their remarkable thermal and mechanical properties. Magnesium borates were obtained hydrothermally at different temperatures. Novelty of this study is the search of the solution density effects to magnesium borate synthesis process for the increasing the possibility of borongypsum usage as a raw material. After the synthesis process, products are subjected to XRD and FT-IR to identify and characterize their crystal structure, respectively.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Boron-gypsum" title="Boron-gypsum">Boron-gypsum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=hydrothermal%20synthesis" title=" hydrothermal synthesis"> hydrothermal synthesis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=magnesium%0D%0Aborate" title=" magnesium borate"> magnesium borate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=solution%20density." title=" solution density."> solution density.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999536/the-effect-of-solution-density-on-the-synthesis-of-magnesium-borate-from-boron-gypsum" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999536/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999536/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999536/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999536/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999536/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999536/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999536/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999536/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999536/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999536/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999536.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2159</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5470</span> Evaluation of the Magnesium Wastes with Boron Oxide in Magnesium Borate Synthesis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20S.%20Kipcak">A. S. Kipcak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=F.%20T.%20Senberber"> F. T. Senberber</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=E.%20Moroydor%20Derun"> E. Moroydor Derun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=S.%20Piskin"> S. Piskin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Magnesium wastes and scraps, one of the metal wastes, are produced by many industrial activities, all over the world. Their growing size is becoming a future problem for the world. In this study, the use of magnesium wastes as a raw material in the production of the magnesium borate hydrates are aimed. The method used in the experiments is hydrothermal synthesis. The conditions are set to, waste magnesium to B2O3, 1:3 as a molar ratio. Four different reaction times are studied which are 30, 60, 120 and 240 minutes. For the identification analyses X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Raman spectroscopy techniques are used. As a result at all the reaction times magnesium borate hydrates are synthesized and the most crystalline forms are obtained at a reaction time of 120 minutes. The overall yields of the production are found between the values of 65-80 %.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Hydrothermal%20synthesis" title="Hydrothermal synthesis">Hydrothermal synthesis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=magnesium%20borates" title=" magnesium borates"> magnesium borates</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=magnesium%20wastes" title=" magnesium wastes"> magnesium wastes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=boron%20oxide" title=" boron oxide"> boron oxide</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2151/evaluation-of-the-magnesium-wastes-with-boron-oxide-in-magnesium-borate-synthesis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2151/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2151/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2151/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2151/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2151/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2151/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2151/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2151/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2151/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2151/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2151.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2336</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5469</span> Synthesis and Characterization of Gallosilicate Sodalite Containing NO2- Ions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ashok%20V.%20Borhade">Ashok V. Borhade</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Sanjay%20G.%20Wakchaure"> Sanjay G. Wakchaure</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Pure phase gallosilicate nitrite sodalite has been synthesized in a single step by low temperature (373 oK) hydrothermal technique. The product obtained was characterized using a combination of techniques including X-ray powder diffraction, IR, Raman spectroscopy, SEM, MAS NMR spectroscopy as well as thermogravimetry. Sodalite with an ideal composition was obtained after synthesis at 3730K and seven days duration using alkaline medium. The structural features of the Na8[GaSiO4]6(NO2)2 sodalite were investigated by IR, MAS NMR spectroscopy of 29Si and 23Na nuclei and by Reitveld refinement of X-ray powder diffraction data. The crystal structure of this sodalite has been refined in the space group P 4 3n; with a cell parameter 8.98386Å, V= 726.9 Å, (Rwp= 0.077 and Rp=0.0537) and Si-O-Ga angle is found to be 132.920 . MAS NMR study confirms complete ordering of Si and Ga in the gallosilicate framework. The surface area of single entity with stoichiometry Na8[GaSiO4]6(NO2)2 was found to be 8.083 x10-15 cm2/g.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Gallosilicate" title="Gallosilicate">Gallosilicate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=hydrothermal" title=" hydrothermal"> hydrothermal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=nitrite" title=" nitrite"> nitrite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Reitveldrefinement." title=" Reitveldrefinement."> Reitveldrefinement.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15701/synthesis-and-characterization-of-gallosilicate-sodalite-containing-no2-ions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15701/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15701/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15701/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15701/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15701/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15701/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15701/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15701/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15701/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15701/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15701.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1622</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5468</span> Magnesium Waste Evaluation in Moderate Temperature (70oC) Magnesium Borate Synthesis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=E.%20Moroydor%20Derun">E. Moroydor Derun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20S.%20Kipcak"> A. S. Kipcak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20Kaplan"> A. Kaplan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=S.%20Piskin"> S. Piskin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Waste problem is becoming a future problem all over the world. Magnesium wastes which can be used in recycling processes are produced by many industrial activities. Magnesium borates which have useful properties such as; high heat resistance, corrosion resistance, supermechanical strength, superinsulation, light weight, high coefficient of elasticity and so on. Addition, magnesium borates have great potential in the development of ceramic and detergents industry, whisker-reinforced composites, antiwear, and reducing friction additives.</p> <p>In this study, using the starting materials of waste magnesium and H<sub>3</sub>BO<sub>3</sub> the hydrothermal method was applied at a moderate temperature of 70<sup>o</sup>C with different reaction times. Several reaction times of waste magnesium to H<sub>3</sub>BO<sub>3 </sub>were selected as; 30, 60, 120, 240 minutes. After the synthesis, X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) techniques were applied to products. As a result, the forms of Admontite [MgO(B<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub>.7(H<sub>2</sub>O)] and Mcallisterite [Mg<sub>2</sub>(B<sub>6</sub>O<sub>7</sub>(OH)<sub>6</sub>)<sub>2</sub>.9(H<sub>2</sub>O)] were synthesized.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Hydrothermal%20synthesis" title="Hydrothermal synthesis">Hydrothermal synthesis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=magnesium%20borates" title=" magnesium borates"> magnesium borates</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=waste%20magnesium." title=" waste magnesium."> waste magnesium.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16887/magnesium-waste-evaluation-in-moderate-temperature-70oc-magnesium-borate-synthesis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16887/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16887/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16887/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16887/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16887/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16887/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16887/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16887/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16887/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16887/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16887.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2030</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5467</span> Hydrothermal Behavior of G-S Magnetically Stabilized Beds Consisting of Magnetic and Non-Magnetic Admixtures</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Z.%20Al-Qodah">Z. Al-Qodah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20Al-Busoul"> M. Al-Busoul</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20Khraewish"> A. Khraewish</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The hydrothermal behavior of a bed consisting of magnetic and shale oil particle admixtures under the effect of a transverse magnetic field is investigated. The phase diagram, bed void fraction are studied under wide range of the operating conditions i.e., gas velocity, magnetic field intensity and fraction of the magnetic particles. It is found that the range of the stabilized regime is reduced as the magnetic fraction decreases. In addition, the bed voidage at the onset of fluidization decreases as the magnetic fraction decreases. On the other hand, Nusselt number and consequently the heat transfer coefficient is found to increase as the magnetic fraction decreases. An empirical equation is investigated to relate the effect of the gas velocity, magnetic field intensity and fraction of the magnetic particles on the heat transfer behavior in the bed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Magnetic%20stabilization%3B%20Magnetic%20stabilized%20fluidizedbeds%3B%20Gas-fluidized%20beds." title="Magnetic stabilization; Magnetic stabilized fluidizedbeds; Gas-fluidized beds.">Magnetic stabilization; Magnetic stabilized fluidizedbeds; Gas-fluidized beds.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14848/hydrothermal-behavior-of-g-s-magnetically-stabilized-beds-consisting-of-magnetic-and-non-magnetic-admixtures" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14848/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14848/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14848/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14848/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14848/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14848/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14848/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14848/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14848/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14848/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14848.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1353</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5466</span> Combined Hydrothermal Synthesis of Zinc and Magnesium Borates at 100oC Using ZnO, MgO and H3BO3</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=N.%20Tugrul">N. Tugrul</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20S.%20Kipcak"> A. S. Kipcak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=N.%20Baran%20Acarali"> N. Baran Acarali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=E.%20Moroydor%20Derun"> E. Moroydor Derun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=S.%20Piskin"> S. Piskin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Magnesium borate(MB) istechnical ceramic for high heat-resisting, corrosion-resisting, super mechanical strength, superinsulation, light weight, high strength, and high coefficient of elasticity. Zinc borate (ZB) can be used as multi-functional synergistic additives with flame retardant additives in polymers. The most important properties are low solubility in water and high dehydration temperature. ZB dehydrates above 290°C and anhydrous ZB has thermal resistance about 400°C. In this study, the raw materials of ZnO, MgO and H<sub>3</sub>BO<sub>3 </sub>were used with mole ratio of 1:1:9. With the starting materials hydrothermal method was applied at a temperature of 100<sup>o</sup>C. The reaction time was determined as 30, 60, 90 and 120 minutes after some preliminary experiments. After the synthesis, the crystal structure and the morphology of the products were examined by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR). As a result, the forms of Zinc Oxide Borate Hydrate [Zn<sub>3</sub>B<sub>6</sub>O<sub>12</sub>.3.5H<sub>2</sub>O], Admontite [MgO(B<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub>.7(H<sub>2</sub>O)] and Mcallisterite [Mg<sub>2</sub>(B<sub>6</sub>O<sub>7</sub>(OH)<sub>6</sub>)<sub>2</sub>.9(H<sub>2</sub>O)] were synthesized.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Magnesium%20borate" title="Magnesium borate">Magnesium borate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=zinc%20borate" title=" zinc borate"> zinc borate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=XRD" title=" XRD"> XRD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=FT-IR." title=" FT-IR."> FT-IR.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16874/combined-hydrothermal-synthesis-of-zinc-and-magnesium-borates-at-100oc-using-zno-mgo-and-h3bo3" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16874/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16874/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16874/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16874/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16874/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16874/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16874/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16874/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16874/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16874/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16874.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2820</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5465</span> Development of an Intelligent Tool for Planning the Operation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=T.%20R.%20Alencar">T. R. Alencar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=P.%20T.%20Leite"> P. T. Leite</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Several optimization algorithms specifically applied to the problem of Operation Planning of Hydrothermal Power Systems have been developed and are used. Although providing solutions to various problems encountered, these algorithms have some weaknesses, difficulties in convergence, simplification of the original formulation of the problem, or owing to the complexity of the objective function. Thus, this paper presents the development of a computational tool for solving optimization problem identified and to provide the User an easy handling. Adopted as intelligent optimization technique, Genetic Algorithms and programming language Java. First made the modeling of the chromosomes, then implemented the function assessment of the problem and the operators involved, and finally the drafting of the graphical interfaces for access to the User. The program has managed to relate a coherent performance in problem resolution without the need for simplification of the calculations together with the ease of manipulating the parameters of simulation and visualization of output results. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Energy" title="Energy">Energy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Optimization" title=" Optimization"> Optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Hydrothermal%20Power%20Systemsand%20Genetic%20Algorithms" title=" Hydrothermal Power Systemsand Genetic Algorithms"> Hydrothermal Power Systemsand Genetic Algorithms</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1095/development-of-an-intelligent-tool-for-planning-the-operation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1095/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1095/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1095/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1095/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1095/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1095/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1095/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1095/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1095/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1095/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1095.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1697</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5464</span> Using Printing Method and Post Heat Treatment to Fabricate CIS Absorber Layer</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mao-An%20Chen">Mao-An Chen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Chien-Chen%20Diao"> Chien-Chen Diao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Chia-Cheng%20Huang"> Chia-Cheng Huang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Chin-Guo%20Kuo"> Chin-Guo Kuo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Cheng-Fu%20Yang"> Cheng-Fu Yang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Yen-Lin%20Chen"> Yen-Lin Chen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>In this study, the Mo-electrode thin films were deposited using two-stepped process and the high purity copper indium selenide-based powder (CuInSe<sub>2</sub>, CIS) was fabricated by using hydrothermal process by Nanowin Technology Co. Ltd. Because the CIS powder was aggregated into microscale particles, the CIS power was ground into nano-scale particles. 6 wt% CIS particles were mixed and dispersed into isopropyl alcohol (IPA). A new non-vacuum thin-film deposition process, spray coating method (SPM), was investigated to deposit the high-densified CIS absorber layers. 0.1 ml CIS solution was sprayed on the 20 mm×10 mm Mo/glass substrates and then the CuInSe<sub>2</sub> thin films were annealed in a selenization furnace using N<sub>2</sub> as atmosphere. The annealing temperature and time were set at 550<sup>o</sup>C and 5 min, and 0.0g~0.6g extra Se content was added in the furnace. The influences of extra Se content on the densification, crystallization, resistivity (<em>ρ</em>), hall mobility (<em>μ</em>), and carrier concentration of the CIS absorber layers were well investigated in this study.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=CuInSe2" title="CuInSe2">CuInSe2</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=isopropyl%20alcohol" title=" isopropyl alcohol"> isopropyl alcohol</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=spray%20coating%20method" title=" spray coating method"> spray coating method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=annealing" title=" annealing"> annealing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=selenization%20process." title=" selenization process. "> selenization process. </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998743/using-printing-method-and-post-heat-treatment-to-fabricate-cis-absorber-layer" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998743/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998743/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998743/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998743/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998743/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998743/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998743/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998743/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998743/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998743/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998743.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2131</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5463</span> Preparation of Protective Coating Film on Metal Alloy</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Rana%20Th.%20A.%20Al-Rubaye">Rana Th. A. Al-Rubaye</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A novel chromium-free protective coating films based on a zeolite coating was growing onto a FeCrAlloy metal using in – situ hydrothermal method. The zeolite film was obtained using in-situ crystallization process that is capable of coating large surfaces with complex shape and in confined spaces has been developed. The zeolite coating offers an advantage of a high mechanical stability and thermal stability. The physicochemical properties were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X–ray Analysis (EDX) and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA). The transition from oxide-on-alloy wires to hydrothermally synthesised uniformly zeolite coated surfaces was followed using SEM and XRD. In addition, the robustness of the prepared coating was confirmed by subjecting these to thermal cycling (ambient to 550oC). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=FeCrAlloy" title="FeCrAlloy">FeCrAlloy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Zeolite%20ZSM-5.%20Zeolite%20coating." title=" Zeolite ZSM-5. Zeolite coating."> Zeolite ZSM-5. Zeolite coating.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002152/preparation-of-protective-coating-film-on-metal-alloy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002152/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002152/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002152/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002152/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002152/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002152/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002152/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002152/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002152/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002152/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002152.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1842</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5462</span> Optical Limiting Characteristics of Core-Shell Nanoparticles</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=G.Vinitha">G.Vinitha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.Ramalingam"> A.Ramalingam</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> TiO2 nanoparticles were synthesized by hydrothermal method at 180°C from TiOSO4 aqueous solution with1m/l concentration. The obtained products were coated with silica by means of a seeded polymerization technique for a coating time of 1440 minutes to obtain well defined TiO2@SiO2 core-shell structure. The uncoated and coated nanoparticles were characterized by using X-Ray diffraction technique (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) to study their physico-chemical properties. Evidence from XRD and FTIR results show that SiO2 is homogenously coated on the surface of titania particles. FTIR spectra show that there exists an interaction between TiO2 and SiO2 and results in the formation of Ti-O-Si chemical bonds at the interface of TiO2 particles and SiO2 coating layer. The non linear optical limiting properties of TiO2 and TiO2@SiO2 nanoparticles dispersed in ethylene glycol were studied at 532nm using 5ns Nd:YAG laser pulses. Three-photon absorption is responsible for optical limiting characteristics in these nanoparticles and it is seen that the optical nonlinearity is enhanced in core-shell structures when compared with single counterparts. This effective three-photon type absorption at this wavelength, is of potential application in fabricating optical limiting devices. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=hydrothermal%20method" title="hydrothermal method">hydrothermal method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=optical%20limiting%20devicesseeded%20polymerization%20technique" title=" optical limiting devicesseeded polymerization technique"> optical limiting devicesseeded polymerization technique</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=three-photon%20type%20absorption" title=" three-photon type absorption"> three-photon type absorption</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11005/optical-limiting-characteristics-of-core-shell-nanoparticles" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11005/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11005/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11005/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11005/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11005/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11005/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11005/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11005/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11005/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11005/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11005.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1817</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5461</span> Object-Centric Process Mining Using Process Cubes</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Anahita%20Farhang%20Ghahfarokhi">Anahita Farhang Ghahfarokhi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Alessandro%20Berti"> Alessandro Berti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Wil%20M.P.%20van%20der%20Aalst"> Wil M.P. van der Aalst</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Process mining provides ways to analyze business processes. Common process mining techniques consider the process as a whole. However, in real-life business processes, different behaviors exist that make the overall process too complex to interpret. Process comparison is a branch of process mining that isolates different behaviors of the process from each other by using process cubes. Process cubes organize event data using different dimensions. Each cell contains a set of events that can be used as an input to apply process mining techniques. Existing work on process cubes assume single case notions. However, in real processes, several case notions (e.g., order, item, package, etc.) are intertwined. Object-centric process mining is a new branch of process mining addressing multiple case notions in a process. To make a bridge between object-centric process mining and process comparison, we propose a process cube framework, which supports process cube operations such as slice and dice on object-centric event logs. To facilitate the comparison, the framework is integrated with several object-centric process discovery approaches. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Process%20mining" title="Process mining">Process mining</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=multidimensional%20process%20mining" title=" multidimensional process mining"> multidimensional process mining</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=multi-perspective%20business%20processes" title=" multi-perspective business processes"> multi-perspective business processes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=OLAP" title=" OLAP"> OLAP</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=process%20cubes" title=" process cubes"> process cubes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=process%0D%0Adiscovery." title=" process discovery."> process discovery.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011600/object-centric-process-mining-using-process-cubes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011600/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011600/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011600/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011600/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011600/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011600/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011600/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011600/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011600/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011600/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011600.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1119</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5460</span> Efficiency Improvements of GaAs-based Solar Cells by Hydrothermally-deposited ZnO Nanostructure Array</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Chun-Yuan%20Huang">Chun-Yuan Huang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Chiao-Yang%20Cheng"> Chiao-Yang Cheng</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Chun-Yem%20Huang"> Chun-Yem Huang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Yan-Kuin%20Su"> Yan-Kuin Su</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=James%20Chin-Lung%20Fang"> James Chin-Lung Fang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> ZnO nanostructures including nanowires, nanorods, and nanoneedles were successfully deposited on GaAs substrates, respectively, by simple two-step chemical method for the first time. A ZnO seed layer was firstly pre-coated on the O2-plasma treated substrate by sol-gel process, followed by the nucleation of ZnO nanostructures through hydrothermal synthesis. Nanostructures with different average diameter (15-250 nm), length (0.9-1.8 μm), density (0.9-16×109 cm-2) were obtained via adjusting the growth time and concentration of precursors. From the reflectivity spectra, we concluded ordered and taper nanostructures were preferential for photovoltaic applications. ZnO nanoneedles with an average diameter of 106 nm, a moderate length of 2.4 μm, and the density of 7.2×109 cm-2 could be synthesized in the concentration of 0.04 M for 18 h. Integrated with the nanoneedle array, the power conversion efficiency of single junction solar cell was increased from 7.3 to 12.2%, corresponding to a 67% improvement. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Anti-reflection" title="Anti-reflection">Anti-reflection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Chemical%20synthesis" title=" Chemical synthesis"> Chemical synthesis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Solar%20cells" title=" Solar cells"> Solar cells</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=ZnO%20nanostructures." title=" ZnO nanostructures."> ZnO nanostructures.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9135/efficiency-improvements-of-gaas-based-solar-cells-by-hydrothermally-deposited-zno-nanostructure-array" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9135/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9135/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9135/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9135/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9135/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9135/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9135/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9135/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9135/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9135/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9135.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1943</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5459</span> Congo Red Photocatalytic Decolourization using Modified Titanium</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20L%C3%B3pez%E2%80%93V%C3%A1squez">A. López–Vásquez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=D.%20Santamar%C3%ADa"> D. Santamaría</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20Tibat%C3%A1"> M. Tibatá</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=C.%20G%C3%B3mez"> C. Gómez</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A study concerning the photocatalytic decolourization of Congo red (CR) dye, over artificial UV irradiation is presented. Photocatalysts based on a commercial titanium dioxide (TiO2) modified with transition metals (Ni, Cu and Zn) were used. The dopage method used was wet impregnation. A TiO2 sample without salt was subjected to the same hydrothermal treatment to be used as reference. Congo red solutions to several pH conditions (natural and basic) were used to evaluate photocatalytic performance of each doped catalysts. Photodecolourization percentage was measured spectrofotrometically after 3 h of treatment to 499 nm as response variable. Kinetics investigations of photodegradation indicated that reactions obey to Langmuir-Hinshelwood model and pseudo–first order law. The rate constant studies of photocatalytic decolourization reactions for Zn–TiO2 and Cu–TiO2 photocatalysts indicated that in all cases the rate constant of the reaction was higher than that of TiO2 undoped. These results show that nature of the metal modifying the TiO2 influence on the efficiency of the photocatalyst evaluated in process. Ni does not present an additional effect compared with TiO2, while Zn enhances the photoactivity due to its electronic properties. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Congo%20red" title="Congo red">Congo red</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Dopage" title=" Dopage"> Dopage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Photodecolourization" title=" Photodecolourization"> Photodecolourization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Titanium%0D%0Adioxide." title=" Titanium dioxide."> Titanium dioxide.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8166/congo-red-photocatalytic-decolourization-using-modified-titanium" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8166/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8166/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary 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