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Gianfranco Fini - Wikipedia

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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>From the Italian Social Movement to National Alliance</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-From_the_Italian_Social_Movement_to_National_Alliance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Government_experiences" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Government_experiences"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Government experiences</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Government_experiences-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-From_National_Alliance_to_the_People_of_Freedom" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#From_National_Alliance_to_the_People_of_Freedom"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>From National Alliance to the People of Freedom</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-From_National_Alliance_to_the_People_of_Freedom-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-President_of_the_Chamber_of_Deputies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#President_of_the_Chamber_of_Deputies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>President of the Chamber of Deputies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-President_of_the_Chamber_of_Deputies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Controversies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Controversies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Controversies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Controversies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Electoral_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Electoral_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Electoral history</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Electoral_history-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Electoral history subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Electoral_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-First-past-the-post_elections" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#First-past-the-post_elections"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>First-past-the-post elections</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-First-past-the-post_elections-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" 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Available in 32 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-32" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">32 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Джанфранко Фини – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Джанфранко Фини" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gianfranco_Fini" title="Gianfranco Fini – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Gianfranco Fini" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gianfranco_Fini" title="Gianfranco Fini – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Gianfranco Fini" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gianfranco_Fini" title="Gianfranco Fini – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Gianfranco Fini" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CE%B6%CE%B9%CE%B1%CE%BD%CF%86%CF%81%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%BA%CE%BF_%CE%A6%CE%AF%CE%BD%CE%B9" title="Τζιανφράνκο Φίνι – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Τζιανφράνκο Φίνι" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gianfranco_Fini" title="Gianfranco Fini – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Gianfranco Fini" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gianfranco_Fini" title="Gianfranco Fini – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Gianfranco Fini" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86%E2%80%8C%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%A9%D9%88_%D9%81%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C" title="جیان‌فرانکو فینی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جیان‌فرانکو فینی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gianfranco_Fini" title="Gianfranco Fini – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Gianfranco Fini" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gianfranco_Fini" title="Gianfranco Fini – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Gianfranco Fini" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gianfranco_Fini" title="Gianfranco Fini – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Gianfranco Fini" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gianfranco_Fini" title="Gianfranco Fini – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Gianfranco Fini" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ioannes_Francus_Fini" title="Ioannes Francus Fini – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Ioannes Francus Fini" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gianfranco_Fini" title="Gianfranco Fini – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Gianfranco Fini" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gianfranco_Fini" title="Gianfranco Fini – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Gianfranco Fini" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%83%D9%88_%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%89" title="جيانفرانكو فينى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جيانفرانكو فينى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gianfranco_Fini" title="Gianfranco Fini – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Gianfranco Fini" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B8%E3%83%A3%E3%83%B3%E3%83%95%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B3%E3%83%BB%E3%83%95%E3%82%A3%E3%83%BC%E3%83%8B" title="ジャンフランコ・フィーニ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ジャンフランコ・フィーニ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gianfranco_Fini" title="Gianfranco Fini – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Gianfranco Fini" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gianfranco_Fini" title="Gianfranco Fini – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Gianfranco Fini" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gianfranco_Fini" title="Gianfranco Fini – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Gianfranco Fini" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gianfranco_Fini" title="Gianfranco Fini – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Gianfranco Fini" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8,_%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE" title="Фини, Джанфранко – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Фини, Джанфранко" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gianfranco_Fini" title="Gianfranco Fini – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Gianfranco Fini" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gianfranco_Fini" title="Gianfranco Fini – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Gianfranco Fini" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Ђанфранко Фини – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Ђанфранко Фини" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gianfranco_Fini" title="Gianfranco Fini – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Gianfranco Fini" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gianfranco_Fini" title="Gianfranco Fini – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Gianfranco Fini" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gianfranghe_Fini" title="Gianfranghe Fini – Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="Gianfranghe Fini" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tarandíne</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gianfranco_Fini" title="Gianfranco Fini – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Gianfranco Fini" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%A4%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%96" title="Джанфранко Фіні – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Джанфранко Фіні" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gianfranco_Fini" title="Gianfranco Fini – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Gianfranco Fini" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q47583#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Gianfranco_Fini" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon 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.infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Gianfranco Fini</div><div class="honorific-suffix" style="font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Order_of_St_Michael_and_St_George" title="Order of St Michael and St George">GCMG</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Gianfranco_Fini_2016.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Gianfranco_Fini_2016.jpg/220px-Gianfranco_Fini_2016.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="309" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/39/Gianfranco_Fini_2016.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="262" data-file-height="368" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Presidents_of_the_Italian_Chamber_of_Deputies" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Presidents of the Italian Chamber of Deputies">President of the Chamber of Deputies</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />30 April 2008&#160;–&#32;14 March 2013</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Fausto_Bertinotti" title="Fausto Bertinotti">Fausto Bertinotti</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Laura_Boldrini" title="Laura Boldrini">Laura Boldrini</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Deputy_Prime_Minister_of_Italy" title="Deputy Prime Minister of Italy">Deputy Prime Minister of Italy</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />11 June 2001&#160;–&#32;17 May 2006</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Prime Minister</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Silvio_Berlusconi" title="Silvio Berlusconi">Silvio Berlusconi</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sergio_Mattarella" title="Sergio Mattarella">Sergio Mattarella</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Massimo_D%27Alema" title="Massimo D&#39;Alema">Massimo D'Alema</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Francesco_Rutelli" title="Francesco Rutelli">Francesco Rutelli</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Italian_Minister_of_Foreign_Affairs" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian Minister of Foreign Affairs">Minister of Foreign Affairs</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />18 November 2004&#160;–&#32;17 May 2006</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Prime Minister</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Silvio_Berlusconi" title="Silvio Berlusconi">Silvio Berlusconi</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Franco_Frattini" title="Franco Frattini">Franco Frattini</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Massimo_D%27Alema" title="Massimo D&#39;Alema">Massimo D'Alema</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Secretary of the <a href="/wiki/Italian_Social_Movement" title="Italian Social Movement">Italian Social Movement</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />7 July 1991&#160;–&#32;27 January 1995</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Pino_Rauti" title="Pino Rauti">Pino Rauti</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><i>position abolished</i></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />13 December 1987&#160;–&#32;14 January 1990</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Giorgio_Almirante" title="Giorgio Almirante">Giorgio Almirante</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Pino_Rauti" title="Pino Rauti">Pino Rauti</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Member of the <a href="/wiki/Italian_Chamber_of_Deputies" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian Chamber of Deputies">Chamber of Deputies</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />12 July 1983&#160;–&#32;15 March 2013</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Constituency</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday">1952-01-03</span>) </span>3 January 1952<span class="noprint ForceAgeToShow"> (age&#160;72)</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Bologna" title="Bologna">Bologna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Italian_Social_Movement" title="Italian Social Movement">MSI</a> (1968–1995)<br /><a href="/wiki/National_Alliance_(Italy)" title="National Alliance (Italy)">AN</a> (1995–2009)<br /><a href="/wiki/The_People_of_Freedom" title="The People of Freedom">PdL</a> (2009–2010)<br /><a href="/wiki/Future_and_Freedom" title="Future and Freedom">FLI</a> (2010–2013)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;">Daniela Di Sotto</div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px">&#8203;</div>&#32;<div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;">&#8203;</div>&#40;<abbr title="married">m.</abbr>&#160;1988&#59;&#32;<abbr title="divorced">div.</abbr>&#160;2007&#41;<wbr />&#8203;</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Domestic partner(s)</th><td class="infobox-data">Elisabetta Tulliani<br />(since 2007)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">3</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Residence(s)</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a>, Lazio, Italy</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater">Alma mater</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sapienza_University_of_Rome" title="Sapienza University of Rome">Sapienza University of Rome</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Profession</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Journalist" title="Journalist">Journalist</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Politician" title="Politician">Politician</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Gianfranco Fini</b> (born 3 January 1952) is a retired Italian <a href="/wiki/Politician" title="Politician">politician</a> who served as the <a href="/wiki/List_of_Presidents_of_the_Italian_Chamber_of_Deputies" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Presidents of the Italian Chamber of Deputies">president</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Italian_Chamber_of_Deputies" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian Chamber of Deputies">Italian Chamber of Deputies</a> from 2008 to 2013 and <a href="/wiki/Deputy_Prime_Minister_of_Italy" title="Deputy Prime Minister of Italy">Deputy Prime Minister</a> from 2001 to 2006. He is the former leader of the far-right <a href="/wiki/Italian_Social_Movement" title="Italian Social Movement">Italian Social Movement</a>, the conservative <a href="/wiki/National_Alliance_(Italy)" title="National Alliance (Italy)">National Alliance</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Center-right" class="mw-redirect" title="Center-right">center-right</a> <a href="/wiki/Future_and_Freedom" title="Future and Freedom">Future and Freedom</a> party. He was <a href="/wiki/Deputy_Prime_Minister_of_Italy" title="Deputy Prime Minister of Italy">Deputy Prime Minister</a> and <a href="/wiki/Italian_Minister_of_Foreign_Affairs" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian Minister of Foreign Affairs">Minister of Foreign Affairs</a> in <a href="/wiki/Silvio_Berlusconi" title="Silvio Berlusconi">Silvio Berlusconi</a>'s government from 2001 to 2006. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gianfranco_Fini&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: Biography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Family_origins">Family origins</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gianfranco_Fini&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: Family origins"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Fini was born on 3 January 1952 in Bologna.<sup id="cite_ref-vips_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vips-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> His grandfather, a <a href="/wiki/Communist" class="mw-redirect" title="Communist">communist</a> activist, died in 1970. His father, Argenio "Sergio" Fini (Bologna, 1923 – <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a>, 1998), was a volunteer with the <a href="/wiki/Italian_Social_Republic" title="Italian Social Republic">Italian Social Republic</a>, a fascist state in Northern Italy allied with Germany during 1943–45; he later declared feeling close to the centre-left <a href="/wiki/Italian_Democratic_Socialist_Party" title="Italian Democratic Socialist Party">Italian Democratic Socialist Party</a> (PDSI), but withdrew from political activity after his son became involved in the <a href="/wiki/Italian_Social_Movement" title="Italian Social Movement">Italian Social Movement</a> (MSI). </p><p>His mother Erminia Marani (<a href="/wiki/Ferrara" title="Ferrara">Ferrara</a>, 1926 – Rome, 2008) was the daughter of Antonio Marani, who took part along with <a href="/wiki/Italo_Balbo" title="Italo Balbo">Italo Balbo</a> in the <a href="/wiki/March_on_Rome" title="March on Rome">march on Rome</a>, which signalled the beginning of <a href="/wiki/Italian_fascism" title="Italian fascism">Italian fascism</a> in 1922. The name Gianfranco was chosen in remembrance of a cousin, who was killed when he was 20 years old by partisans soon after the liberation of Northern Italy on 25 April 1945. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Personal_events">Personal events</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gianfranco_Fini&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: Personal events"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the 1980s, he met Daniela Di Sotto, at that time married to Sergio Mariani, a friend and party officer. Di Sotto ended her marriage to stay with Fini. Mariani would try to kill himself soon after.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In 1985 they had their only daughter, Giuliana. Fini and Di Sotto married in a civil ceremony in <a href="/wiki/Marino,_Lazio" title="Marino, Lazio">Marino</a> in 1988. They separated in 2007. </p><p>Five months after his separation, his relationship with Elisabetta Tulliani, a lawyer, was revealed. In December 2007, they had a daughter, Carolina.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Their second daughter is called Martina. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Political_career">Political career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gianfranco_Fini&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section: Political career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="From_the_beginning_to_the_role_of_Deputy_of_Giorgio_Almirante">From the beginning to the role of Deputy of Giorgio Almirante</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gianfranco_Fini&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section: From the beginning to the role of Deputy of Giorgio Almirante"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Fini attended "Laura Bassi" high school in Bologna. His first known involvement with politics occurred in 1968, when the 16-year-old Fini was involved in clashes with communist activists, among them a protest in front of a cinema against the screening of the <a href="/wiki/John_Wayne" title="John Wayne">John Wayne</a> movie <i><a href="/wiki/The_Green_Berets_(film)" title="The Green Berets (film)">The Green Berets</a></i>. At this time, he became involved with the Italian Social Movement. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gianfranco_Fini_1992.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Gianfranco_Fini_1992.jpg/180px-Gianfranco_Fini_1992.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="268" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bc/Gianfranco_Fini_1992.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="186" data-file-height="277" /></a><figcaption>Gianfranco Fini in 1992.</figcaption></figure> <p>He then began his political career in the <a href="/wiki/Youth_Front_(Italy)" title="Youth Front (Italy)">Youth Front</a>, the MSI youth organization. Three years later, he moved with his family to Rome. In August 1976 he served his military service in <a href="/wiki/Savona" title="Savona">Savona</a>, then in Rome at the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Defence_(Italy)" title="Ministry of Defence (Italy)">Ministry of Defence</a>. In 1977 he became national secretary of the Youth Front, chosen by <a href="/wiki/Giorgio_Almirante" title="Giorgio Almirante">Giorgio Almirante</a>, secretary of the party that now called itself "MSI - Destra Nazionale". Fini had placed fifth among seven candidates elected in the national secretariat of the youth. </p><p>In the meantime, Fini had also graduated with a degree in <a href="/wiki/Pedagogy" title="Pedagogy">pedagogy</a> from <a href="/wiki/La_Sapienza" class="mw-redirect" title="La Sapienza">La Sapienza</a> University in Rome. He also collaborated with the party's newspaper, <i><a href="/wiki/Il_Secolo_d%27Italia" class="mw-redirect" title="Il Secolo d&#39;Italia">Il Secolo d'Italia</a></i>, along with the youth movement magazine <i>Dissenso</i>. </p><p>Fini was first elected to the <a href="/wiki/Camera_dei_Deputati" class="mw-redirect" title="Camera dei Deputati">Chamber of Deputies</a> on 26 June 1983 as a member of the MSI. Re-elected in 1987, in September he was nominated by Almirante to be his successor as the party's secretary. </p><p>In 2009 it emerged that as early as 1980 Almirante had identified Fini as one among a group of young Italians who were "young, non-fascist, non-nostalgic, who believe, as I do by now, in these institutions, in this <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Italy" title="Constitution of Italy">Constitution</a>. Because only in this way the MSI can have a future."<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="From_the_Italian_Social_Movement_to_National_Alliance">From the Italian Social Movement to National Alliance</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gianfranco_Fini&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Edit section: From the Italian Social Movement to National Alliance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Giorgio_Almirante" title="Giorgio Almirante">Giorgio Almirante</a> died in May 1988, and at the party's congress in <a href="/wiki/Sorrento" title="Sorrento">Sorrento</a> that year, Fini defeated the right wing of the party, headed by <a href="/wiki/Pino_Rauti" title="Pino Rauti">Pino Rauti</a>, and was elected party secretary. He remained in the national secretariat of the MSI until January 1990, when at the next party congress in <a href="/wiki/Rimini" title="Rimini">Rimini</a>, Pino Rauti was elected secretary. But in July 1991, after a tough electoral defeat in administrative and regional elections in <a href="/wiki/Sicily" title="Sicily">Sicily</a>, Fini returned to his role as party secretary. He held this post until the dissolution of party in 1995. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gianfranco_Fini_2004.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Gianfranco_Fini_2004.jpg/180px-Gianfranco_Fini_2004.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="340" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Gianfranco_Fini_2004.jpg/270px-Gianfranco_Fini_2004.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Gianfranco_Fini_2004.jpg/360px-Gianfranco_Fini_2004.jpg 2x" data-file-width="795" data-file-height="1500" /></a><figcaption>Gianfranco Fini in 2004.</figcaption></figure> <p>During his time as national secretary, he confirmed the MSI's role as the inheritors of <a href="/wiki/Benito_Mussolini" title="Benito Mussolini">Benito Mussolini</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Italian_fascism" title="Italian fascism">Fascist</a> legacy with a number of famous polemical statements, including: "Dear comrades, MSI claims its right to refer to fascism" (1988), "We are fascists, the heirs of fascism, the fascism of the year 2000" (1991), "After almost half a century, the idea of fascism is alive" (1992), "There are phases where <a href="/wiki/Freedom_(political)" class="mw-redirect" title="Freedom (political)">freedom</a> is not among the key values" (1994), "Mussolini was the greatest Italian statesman of the twentieth century", "Fascism has a tradition of honesty, correctness and good government" (1994).<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the autumn of 1993, Fini ran for mayor of Rome, garnering enough votes to participate in a runoff election that resulted in the victory of <a href="/wiki/Francesco_Rutelli" title="Francesco Rutelli">Francesco Rutelli</a>. Nevertheless, for the first time an MSI candidate received significant support in a major election. <a href="/wiki/Silvio_Berlusconi" title="Silvio Berlusconi">Silvio Berlusconi</a>, then an entrepreneur but not involved in politics, affirmed on that occasion his preference for Fini: "If I had to vote in Rome, my preference would go to Fini.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>After Berlusconi's election in 1994, for the first time in Italy's political history, an Italian government included four ministers from the MSI party, including the Deputy Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Tatarella" title="Giuseppe Tatarella">Giuseppe Tatarella</a>, although Fini did not directly take part as a minister. (Fini was not a minister at that time.) </p><p>During the 1990s Fini gradually began to move the MSI away from its <a href="/wiki/Fascism" title="Fascism">neo-fascist</a> ideology to a more traditionally <a href="/wiki/Conservatism" title="Conservatism">conservative</a> political agenda. In January 1995, the Party's congress in <a href="/wiki/Fiuggi" title="Fiuggi">Fiuggi</a> marked a radical change, afterwards referred to as <i>la svolta di Fiuggi</i> (the turning point at Fiuggi) and merged the MSI with conservative elements of the disbanded <a href="/wiki/Democrazia_Cristiana" class="mw-redirect" title="Democrazia Cristiana">Christian Democrats</a> to form the <a href="/wiki/National_Alliance_(Italy)" title="National Alliance (Italy)">National Alliance</a> (AN), of which Fini assumed the presidency. </p><p>The new party took a decisive stance distancing itself from fascism. After the House of Freedoms' 1994 victory, Fini said there would not and could not be any return to fascism and frequently disavowed AN supporters who used the <a href="/wiki/Roman_salute" title="Roman salute">fascist salute</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Some MSI members (<a href="/wiki/Pino_Rauti" title="Pino Rauti">Pino Rauti</a>, Erra, Staiti) dissented and seceded to form the new <a href="/wiki/Tricolor_Flame" class="mw-redirect" title="Tricolor Flame">Tricolor Flame</a> party. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Government_experiences">Government experiences</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gianfranco_Fini&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Edit section: Government experiences"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Fini and his party have been part of Berlusconi's right-wing <a href="/wiki/House_of_Freedoms" title="House of Freedoms">House of Freedoms</a> coalition which won the <a href="/wiki/1994_Italian_general_election" title="1994 Italian general election">1994</a> and <a href="/wiki/2001_Italian_general_election" title="2001 Italian general election">2001 parliamentary election</a>. Fini became <a href="/wiki/Deputy_prime_minister" title="Deputy prime minister">deputy prime minister</a> in 2001 and <a href="/wiki/Foreign_minister" class="mw-redirect" title="Foreign minister">foreign minister</a> in November 2004. </p><p>From February 2002 to 2006, he represented the Italian Government at the <a href="/wiki/Convention_on_the_Future_of_Europe" title="Convention on the Future of Europe">European Convention</a>. Following the <a href="/wiki/2008_Italian_general_election" title="2008 Italian general election">April 2008 general election</a>, Fini was elected <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Chamber_of_Deputies" title="President of the Chamber of Deputies">President of the Chamber of Deputies</a> on 30 April 2008 on the fourth ballot, receiving 355 votes. </p><p>His most widely known legislative acts have been: </p> <ul><li>The <i><a href="/wiki/Umberto_Bossi" title="Umberto Bossi">Bossi</a>-Fini Act</i>, a restrictive law on <a href="/wiki/Immigration" title="Immigration">immigration</a>;</li> <li>The <i>Fini-Giovanardi Act</i> (2006), a restrictive law on <a href="/wiki/Drugs" class="mw-redirect" title="Drugs">drugs</a>. The act abolishes any distinction between soft drugs (<a href="/wiki/Cannabis_(drug)" title="Cannabis (drug)">cannabis</a>) and hard drugs (<a href="/wiki/Heroin" title="Heroin">heroin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cocaine" title="Cocaine">cocaine</a>), punishing the user on the base of the quantity of <a href="/wiki/Active_ingredient" title="Active ingredient">active ingredient</a> in the dose. As administrative sanctions, personal use of drugs is punished with a fine and the suspension of passport, driving license and/or weapon carrying permit. The cultivation of a single plant is punished with 1 up to 6 years of <a href="/wiki/Imprisonment" title="Imprisonment">imprisonment</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="From_National_Alliance_to_the_People_of_Freedom">From National Alliance to the People of Freedom</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gianfranco_Fini&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8" title="Edit section: From National Alliance to the People of Freedom"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gianfranco_Fini_2004-2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Gianfranco_Fini_2004-2.jpg/180px-Gianfranco_Fini_2004-2.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="242" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Gianfranco_Fini_2004-2.jpg/270px-Gianfranco_Fini_2004-2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Gianfranco_Fini_2004-2.jpg/360px-Gianfranco_Fini_2004-2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="384" data-file-height="516" /></a><figcaption>Gianfranco Fini in 2004.</figcaption></figure> <p>After some discord between the party's factions in 2005, a congress dismantled the factions and confirmed Fini as president of the party. </p><p>In 2006, Fini announced the removal of the symbol of the flame and of the "M.S.I." writing from <a href="/wiki/National_Alliance_(Italy)" title="National Alliance (Italy)">AN</a> symbol. The move, after facing opposition from party members such as <a href="/wiki/Maurizio_Gasparri" title="Maurizio Gasparri">Maurizio Gasparri</a> was finally denied. </p><p>Fini began a personal evolution towards more socially liberal positions in the 2000s, notwithstanding the opposition of the rest of his party. In particular: </p> <ul><li>in 2005 he announced a positive vote (three yes, one no) on a referendum on artificial insemination aimed at removing some limits introduced by the Act n.40/2004 of the same <a href="/wiki/Berlusconi_II_Cabinet" class="mw-redirect" title="Berlusconi II Cabinet">Berlusconi II Cabinet</a>.</li> <li>in December 2006 he declared he would be in favour of public acknowledgement of civil unions, including homosexual ones, although nonetheless in opposition to the centre-left government proposed bill on the theme.</li></ul> <p>At the end of January 2007, Berlusconi declared that Fini would be his only successor in case of unification of centre-right parties, provoking dissent from the <a href="/wiki/Lega_Nord" title="Lega Nord">Northern League</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Union_of_Christian_and_Centre_Democrats" class="mw-redirect" title="Union of Christian and Centre Democrats">Union of Christian and Centre Democrats</a> (UDC). </p><p>In 2007 Berlusconi proclaimed the dissolution of his <span title="Italian-language text"><span lang="it" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Forza_Italia" title="Forza Italia">Forza Italia</a></span></span> party and the birth of a new unitary party of the centre-right, <a href="/wiki/The_People_of_Freedom" title="The People of Freedom">the People of Freedom</a>. At first, Fini reacted coldly, affirming that AN would not participate, judging the way the new party was born confused and superficial, and expressing open dissent against his ally of the "former coalition". </p><p>However, two months later, he moved closer to Berlusconi again, soon after the fall of the <a href="/wiki/Prodi_II_Cabinet" class="mw-redirect" title="Prodi II Cabinet">Prodi II Cabinet</a>. They agreed to present the two parties under the same symbol of <a href="/wiki/The_People_of_Freedom" title="The People of Freedom">the People of Freedom</a> in the <a href="/wiki/2001_Italian_general_election" title="2001 Italian general election">April 2008 parliamentary election</a>, and then to proceed towards a unitary centre-right party. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="President_of_the_Chamber_of_Deputies">President of the Chamber of Deputies</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gianfranco_Fini&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9" title="Edit section: President of the Chamber of Deputies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Alte_cariche.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Alte_cariche.jpg/220px-Alte_cariche.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Alte_cariche.jpg/330px-Alte_cariche.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c9/Alte_cariche.jpg 2x" data-file-width="440" data-file-height="294" /></a><figcaption>Fini with <a href="/wiki/Giorgio_Napolitano" title="Giorgio Napolitano">Giorgio Napolitano</a>, <a href="/wiki/Silvio_Berlusconi" title="Silvio Berlusconi">Silvio Berlusconi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Renato_Schifani" title="Renato Schifani">Renato Schifani</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>After the electoral victory, on 30 April 2008 after four rounds of voting, Fini was elected President of the Chamber of Deputies, with 335 votes from a total of 611. He then resigned the presidency of AN in anticipation of unification with the new <a href="/wiki/The_People_of_Freedom" title="The People of Freedom">People of Freedom</a> party. Within this new party, Fini became seen as Berlusconi's "heir apparent".<sup id="cite_ref-auto_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Commenting on the homage to every victim of terrorism made by the President of the Republic, the former member of the <a href="/wiki/Italian_Communist_Party" title="Italian Communist Party">Italian Communist Party</a> (PCI) <a href="/wiki/Giorgio_Napolitano" title="Giorgio Napolitano">Giorgio Napolitano</a>, he announced "the end of the post-war period", of "the cleavage between the right and society", and of "overcoming minority status".<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Pursuing his path of revision of the values of the Italian right, at the 2008 youth fest <i>Atreju 2008</i> he asserted that the Right has to acknowledge those rights "present in the Constitution: freedom, equality and social justice. Values that determined and still determine the path of the Right, that are values of any democracy and that are fully anti-fascist".<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>In his role of Speaker of the Chamber, he more than once rebuked the government, criticising their extensive use of the <a href="/wiki/Confidence_vote" class="mw-redirect" title="Confidence vote">confidence votes</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> He was considered a moderating force between Berlusconi's government and the President of the Republic,<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> eventually suggesting that Berlusconi should step down.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>He fought against the bad practices of absenteeism and double-voting by MPs in the Italian Parliament, promoting a digital voting system (to be implemented from March 2009) to prevent other MPs from voting on behalf of absent members, judging it "immoral"<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> 19 MPs out of a total of 630 refused, however, to allow their <a href="/wiki/Fingerprint_recognition" class="mw-redirect" title="Fingerprint recognition">fingerprints</a> to be recorded, and the system was implemented on a voluntary basis. </p><p>He also negatively judged the desire of the Berlusconi government to intervene with a decree in the case of <a href="/wiki/Eluana_Englaro" title="Eluana Englaro">Eluana Englaro</a><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> and supported the need to defend the <a href="/wiki/Secularism" title="Secularism">secularism</a> of the State, being then criticized by members of UDC and of his own party.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In recent times he has become more and more vocally critical of the government platform, which he considers too biased towards the far-right federalist coalition party <span title="Italian-language text"><span lang="it" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Lega_Nord" title="Lega Nord">Lega Nord</a></span></span>. This has brought him into conflict with Berlusconi himself. </p><p>He founded the parliamentarian group "Futuro e libertà per l'Italia" (<a href="/wiki/Future_and_Freedom" title="Future and Freedom">Future and Freedom for Italy</a>) in hopes of establishing a centrist "<a href="/wiki/For_the_Third_Pole" title="For the Third Pole">third pole</a>", similar to what <a href="/wiki/Pier_Ferdinando_Casini" title="Pier Ferdinando Casini">Pier Ferdinando Casini</a> had done with the <a href="/wiki/Union_of_the_Centre_(2002)" title="Union of the Centre (2002)">Union of the Centre</a>. In the <a href="/wiki/2013_Italian_general_election" title="2013 Italian general election">2013 Italian general election</a>, the FLI (<a href="/wiki/Future_and_Freedom_for_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Future and Freedom for Italy">Future and Freedom for Italy</a>) received only 0.5% of the vote and thus was awarded no seats in the Chamber of Deputies, ending Fini's 30 year parliamentary career.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> After the electoral defeat, Fini retired from politics. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Controversies">Controversies</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gianfranco_Fini&amp;action=edit&amp;section=10" title="Edit section: Controversies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gianfranco_Fini.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Gianfranco_Fini.jpg/220px-Gianfranco_Fini.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Gianfranco_Fini.jpg/330px-Gianfranco_Fini.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Gianfranco_Fini.jpg/440px-Gianfranco_Fini.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2100" data-file-height="1400" /></a><figcaption>Gianfranco Fini in 2008.</figcaption></figure> <p>The strongest criticisms of Fini from the right are related to moves away from the traditional policies of the party. Apart from the Social Right area of his traditional rival <a href="/wiki/Pino_Rauti" title="Pino Rauti">Pino Rauti</a>, the right-wing intellectual <a href="/w/index.php?title=Marcello_Veneziani&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Marcello Veneziani (page does not exist)">Marcello Veneziani</a> accused Fini of having lost any connection to right-wing thought (whether traditional, nostalgic, modern, or conservative) and of representing an astral right, with no similarity to any other European right-wing group.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Further criticism of Fini came from <span title="Italian-language text"><span lang="it" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Lega_Nord" title="Lega Nord">Lega Nord</a></span></span> with respect to some aspects of <a href="/wiki/Federalism" title="Federalism">federalism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_Italy#Immigration" title="Immigration to Italy">immigration</a>, and from <span title="Italian-language text"><span lang="it" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Forza_Italia" title="Forza Italia">Forza Italia</a></span></span> regarding justice. </p><p>Fini has lately been accused of being incoherent by some <a href="/wiki/Theo-con" class="mw-redirect" title="Theo-con">theo-con</a> members for holding socially conservative political positions while at the same time being separated and never married in Church. </p> <ul><li>In 1999, Fini asked for forced hospitalization of drug users, without distinction between different illegal drugs.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li>On 13 October 2004, he said that "<a href="/wiki/Istria" title="Istria">Istria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fiume" class="mw-redirect" title="Fiume">Fiume</a> (<a href="/wiki/Rijeka" title="Rijeka">Rijeka</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Dalmatia" title="Dalmatia">Dalmatia</a> are Italian land" and that Croatia is against national minorities.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li>On 29 January 2006, after Senate approval of the Fini-sponsored drug bill which strengthened the law against <a href="/wiki/Marijuana" class="mw-redirect" title="Marijuana">marijuana</a> and promoted it to a class 1 drug, putting it in the same category as <a href="/wiki/Heroin" title="Heroin">heroin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cocaine" title="Cocaine">cocaine</a>, giving dealers the same penalty as dealers in hard drugs and users the same fines for consumption, Fini, as a guest on the popular TV-Show <i>Che tempo che fa</i>, hosted by <a href="/wiki/Fabio_Fazio" title="Fabio Fazio">Fabio Fazio</a>, admitted to having smoked <a href="/wiki/Marijuana" class="mw-redirect" title="Marijuana">marijuana</a> while on vacation in <a href="/wiki/Jamaica" title="Jamaica">Jamaica</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li>In May 2008, he sparked outrage when he said that the burning of an Israeli flag was much worse than the murder of a 29-year-old man in Verona, savagely beaten to death by a local group of skinheads.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li>He ignited controversy when he stated that the racial laws were not the sole responsibility of the Fascist regime, but also that Italian civil society and the Roman Catholic Church had to have their share of the blame as well.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li>At a press conference to the Foreign Press Association, he was asked for his thoughts on <a href="/wiki/Benito_Mussolini" title="Benito Mussolini">Benito Mussolini</a>. A journalist reminded him that 15 years earlier he had called the dictator the greatest statesman of the century. Fini replied: "I'm fascinated by your question.&#160;... clearly the answer is in what I've done in the past 15 years. Today my answer is no, I have changed my mind, otherwise I would be schizophrenic."<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li>In August 2010, after becoming a leading critic of Berlusconi and threatening Berlusconi's majority in parliament, a newspaper owned by the Berlusconi family implicated Fini with a <a href="/wiki/Condominium_(living_space)" class="mw-redirect" title="Condominium (living space)">condominium</a> in <a href="/wiki/Monte_Carlo" title="Monte Carlo">Monte Carlo</a>. The condo was previously owned by the <a href="/wiki/National_Alliance_(Italy)" title="National Alliance (Italy)">National Alliance</a> political party. The party sold the condo in 2008 to an <a href="/wiki/Offshore_company" title="Offshore company">offshore company</a> and it was leased back to the younger brother of Fini's girlfriend.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Elisabetta Tulliani, the partner of Fini, is now under investigation by magistrates in Rome for money laundering because of a bank transfer of 739.000 euros related to the sale of the Montecarlo condo. The magistrates found documentary evidence that Elisabetta and her brother Giancarlo were the real owners of the offshore companies that leased the condo, and afterwards sold it.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Fini said he was "a dork (<i>coglione</i>) but never a corrupt man",<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> because he did not notice that the condo was owned and sold by his girlfriend. In April 2024, Fini was convicted and sentenced to two years and eight months imprisonment for his role in the sale.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Electoral_history">Electoral history</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gianfranco_Fini&amp;action=edit&amp;section=11" title="Edit section: Electoral history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="width:58%; border:1px #AAAAFF solid"> <tbody><tr> <th width="12%">Election </th> <th width="25%">House </th> <th width="34%">Constituency </th> <th width="5%" colspan="2">Party </th> <th width="12%">Votes </th> <th width="12%">Result </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1983_Italian_general_election" title="1983 Italian general election">1983</a> </th> <td><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Chamber_of_Deputies_(Italy)" title="Chamber of Deputies (Italy)">Chamber of Deputies</a></span> </td> <td><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Italian_constituencies_(1946%E2%80%931994)#Rome–Viterbo–Latina–Frosinone" title="List of Italian constituencies (1946–1994)">Rome–Viterbo–Latina–Frosinone</a></span> </td> <td bgcolor="#000000"> </td> <td><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Italian_Social_Movement" title="Italian Social Movement">MSI</a></span> </td> <td>16,223 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/15px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/23px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/30px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span> <b>Elected</b> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1987_Italian_general_election" title="1987 Italian general election">1987</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Chamber_of_Deputies_(Italy)" title="Chamber of Deputies (Italy)">Chamber of Deputies</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_Italian_constituencies_(1946%E2%80%931994)#Rome–Viterbo–Latina–Frosinone" title="List of Italian constituencies (1946–1994)">Rome–Viterbo–Latina–Frosinone</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#000000"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Italian_Social_Movement" title="Italian Social Movement">MSI</a> </td> <td>38,893 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/15px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/23px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/30px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span> <b>Elected</b> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1989_European_Parliament_election_in_Italy" title="1989 European Parliament election in Italy">1989</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/European_Parliament" title="European Parliament">European Parliament</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/North-West_Italy_(European_Parliament_constituency)" title="North-West Italy (European Parliament constituency)">North-West Italy</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#000000"> </td> <td><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Italian_Social_Movement" title="Italian Social Movement">MSI</a></span> </td> <td>117,978 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/15px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/23px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/30px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span> <b>Elected</b> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1992_Italian_general_election" title="1992 Italian general election">1992</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Chamber_of_Deputies_(Italy)" title="Chamber of Deputies (Italy)">Chamber of Deputies</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_Italian_constituencies_(1946%E2%80%931994)#Rome–Viterbo–Latina–Frosinone" title="List of Italian constituencies (1946–1994)">Rome–Viterbo–Latina–Frosinone</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#000000"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Italian_Social_Movement" title="Italian Social Movement">MSI</a> </td> <td>113,650 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/15px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/23px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/30px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span> <b>Elected</b> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1994_Italian_general_election" title="1994 Italian general election">1994</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Chamber_of_Deputies_(Italy)" title="Chamber of Deputies (Italy)">Chamber of Deputies</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a> – <a href="/wiki/Administrative_subdivision_of_Rome" class="mw-redirect" title="Administrative subdivision of Rome">Della Vittoria</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#0148A4"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/National_Alliance_(Italy)" title="National Alliance (Italy)">AN</a> </td> <td>49,446 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/15px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/23px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/30px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span> <b>Elected</b> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1994_European_Parliament_election_in_Italy" title="1994 European Parliament election in Italy">1994</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/European_Parliament" title="European Parliament">European Parliament</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Central_Italy_(European_Parliament_constituency)" title="Central Italy (European Parliament constituency)">Central Italy</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#0148A4"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/National_Alliance_(Italy)" title="National Alliance (Italy)">AN</a> </td> <td>658,771 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/15px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/23px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/30px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span> <b>Elected</b> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1996_Italian_general_election" title="1996 Italian general election">1996</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Chamber_of_Deputies_(Italy)" title="Chamber of Deputies (Italy)">Chamber of Deputies</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a> – <a href="/wiki/Administrative_subdivision_of_Rome" class="mw-redirect" title="Administrative subdivision of Rome">Della Vittoria</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#0148A4"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/National_Alliance_(Italy)" title="National Alliance (Italy)">AN</a> </td> <td>48,587 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/15px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/23px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/30px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span> <b>Elected</b> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1999_European_Parliament_election_in_Italy" title="1999 European Parliament election in Italy">1999</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/European_Parliament" title="European Parliament">European Parliament</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Central_Italy_(European_Parliament_constituency)" title="Central Italy (European Parliament constituency)">Central Italy</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#0148A4"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/National_Alliance_(Italy)" title="National Alliance (Italy)">AN</a> </td> <td>451,619 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/15px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/23px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/30px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span> <b>Elected</b> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2001_Italian_general_election" title="2001 Italian general election">2001</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Chamber_of_Deputies_(Italy)" title="Chamber of Deputies (Italy)">Chamber of Deputies</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a> – <a href="/wiki/Administrative_subdivision_of_Rome" class="mw-redirect" title="Administrative subdivision of Rome">Della Vittoria</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#0148A4"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/National_Alliance_(Italy)" title="National Alliance (Italy)">AN</a> </td> <td>43,213 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/15px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/23px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/30px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span> <b>Elected</b> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2006_Italian_general_election" title="2006 Italian general election">2006</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Chamber_of_Deputies_(Italy)" title="Chamber of Deputies (Italy)">Chamber of Deputies</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lazio" title="Lazio">Lazio 1</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#0148A4"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/National_Alliance_(Italy)" title="National Alliance (Italy)">AN</a> </td> <td>–<sup id="cite_ref-fn1_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fn1-31"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/15px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/23px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/30px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span> <b>Elected</b> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2008_Italian_general_election" title="2008 Italian general election">2008</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Chamber_of_Deputies_(Italy)" title="Chamber of Deputies (Italy)">Chamber of Deputies</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lazio" title="Lazio">Lazio 1</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#0087DC"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/The_People_of_Freedom" title="The People of Freedom">PdL</a> </td> <td>–<sup id="cite_ref-fn1_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fn1-31"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/15px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/23px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/30px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span> <b>Elected</b> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2013_Italian_general_election" title="2013 Italian general election">2013</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Chamber_of_Deputies_(Italy)" title="Chamber of Deputies (Italy)">Chamber of Deputies</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lazio" title="Lazio">Lazio 1</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#1C39BB"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Future_and_Freedom" title="Future and Freedom">FLI</a> </td> <td>–<sup id="cite_ref-fn1_31-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fn1-31"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="☒" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/15px-X_mark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/23px-X_mark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/30px-X_mark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="525" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">N</span> <b>Not elected</b></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-fn1-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-fn1_31-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-fn1_31-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-fn1_31-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Elected in a <a href="/wiki/Closed_list" title="Closed list">closed list</a> proportional representation system.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="First-past-the-post_elections">First-past-the-post elections</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gianfranco_Fini&amp;action=edit&amp;section=12" title="Edit section: First-past-the-post elections"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:right"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="5"><a href="/wiki/1994_Italian_general_election" title="1994 Italian general election">1994 general election</a> (<a href="/wiki/Italian_Chamber_of_Deputies" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian Chamber of Deputies">C</a>): <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a> — <a href="/wiki/Administrative_subdivision_of_Rome" class="mw-redirect" title="Administrative subdivision of Rome">Della Vittoria</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">Candidate </th> <th>Coalition </th> <th>Votes </th> <th>% </th></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#0A6BE1"> </td> <td align="left"><b>Gianfranco Fini</b> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Pole_of_Good_Government" title="Pole of Good Government">Pole of Good Government</a> </td> <td>49,446 </td> <td>51.8 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#D90000"> </td> <td align="left">Eduardo Missoni </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Alliance_of_Progressives" title="Alliance of Progressives">Alliance of Progressives</a> </td> <td>29,171 </td> <td>30.5 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#FFC31A"> </td> <td align="left">Costanza Pera </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Pact_for_Italy" title="Pact for Italy">Pact for Italy</a> </td> <td>10,179 </td> <td>11.4 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#DDDDBB"> </td> <td align="left" colspan="2">Others </td> <td>6,578 </td> <td>6.9 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left" colspan="3"><b>Total</b> </td> <td><b>95,524</b> </td> <td><b>100.0</b> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:right"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="5"><a href="/wiki/1996_Italian_general_election" title="1996 Italian general election">1996 general election</a> (<a href="/wiki/Italian_Chamber_of_Deputies" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian Chamber of Deputies">C</a>): <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a> — <a href="/wiki/Administrative_subdivision_of_Rome" class="mw-redirect" title="Administrative subdivision of Rome">Della Vittoria</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">Candidate </th> <th>Coalition </th> <th>Votes </th> <th>% </th></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#0A6BE1"> </td> <td align="left"><b>Gianfranco Fini</b> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Pole_for_Freedoms" title="Pole for Freedoms">Pole for Freedoms</a> </td> <td>48,587 </td> <td>53.5 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#EF3E3E"> </td> <td align="left">Giovanni Battista Bachelet </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/The_Olive_Tree_(Italy)" title="The Olive Tree (Italy)">The Olive Tree</a> </td> <td>40,571 </td> <td>44.7 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#DDDDBB"> </td> <td align="left" colspan="2">Others </td> <td>1,616 </td> <td>1.8 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left" colspan="3"><b>Total</b> </td> <td><b>90,774</b> </td> <td><b>100.0</b> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:right"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="5"><a href="/wiki/2001_Italian_general_election" title="2001 Italian general election">2001 general election</a> (<a href="/wiki/Italian_Chamber_of_Deputies" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian Chamber of Deputies">C</a>): <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a> — <a href="/wiki/Administrative_subdivision_of_Rome" class="mw-redirect" title="Administrative subdivision of Rome">Della Vittoria</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">Candidate </th> <th>Coalition </th> <th>Votes </th> <th>% </th></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#0A6BE1"> </td> <td align="left"><b>Gianfranco Fini</b> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Freedoms" title="House of Freedoms">House of Freedoms</a> </td> <td>43,213 </td> <td>52.6 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#EF3E3E"> </td> <td align="left">Augusto Fantozzi </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/The_Olive_Tree_(Italy)" title="The Olive Tree (Italy)">The Olive Tree</a> </td> <td>35,947 </td> <td>43.8 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#DDDDBB"> </td> <td align="left" colspan="2">Others </td> <td>2,985 </td> <td>3.6 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left" colspan="3"><b>Total</b> </td> <td><b>82,145</b> </td> <td><b>100.0</b> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gianfranco_Fini&amp;action=edit&amp;section=13" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 33em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFFrancesco_De_Palo2013" class="citation news cs1">Francesco De Palo (8 May 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.formiche.net/2013/05/08/fini-lascia-la-politica-bastera-per-rifondare-la-nuova-destra/">"Fini lascia la politica. Basterà per rifondare la nuova destra?"</a>. formiche.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=Fini+lascia+la+politica.+Baster%C3%A0+per+rifondare+la+nuova+destra%3F&amp;rft.date=2013-05-08&amp;rft.au=Francesco+De+Palo&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.formiche.net%2F2013%2F05%2F08%2Ffini-lascia-la-politica-bastera-per-rifondare-la-nuova-destra%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGianfranco+Fini" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGianluca_Veneziani2013" class="citation news cs1">Gianluca Veneziani (7 May 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.liberoquotidiano.it/news/politica/1237438/Adesso-e-tutto-Fini-to---chiude-Futuro-e-Liberta---Gianfry-lascia-la-politica.html">"Adesso è tutto Fini-to: chiude Futuro e Libertà, Gianfry lascia la politica"</a>. Libero Quotidiano.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=Adesso+%C3%A8+tutto+Fini-to%3A+chiude+Futuro+e+Libert%C3%A0%2C+Gianfry+lascia+la+politica&amp;rft.date=2013-05-07&amp;rft.au=Gianluca+Veneziani&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.liberoquotidiano.it%2Fnews%2Fpolitica%2F1237438%2FAdesso-e-tutto-Fini-to---chiude-Futuro-e-Liberta---Gianfry-lascia-la-politica.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGianfranco+Fini" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-vips-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-vips_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://vipsgov.chez.com/italy.htm">"Berlusconi cabinet"</a>. VIPS<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 June</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Berlusconi+cabinet&amp;rft.pub=VIPS&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fvipsgov.chez.com%2Fitaly.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGianfranco+Fini" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPiccolillo2007" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Piccolillo, Virginia (17 June 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.corriere.it/Primo_Piano/Cronache/2007/06_Giugno/17/gianfranco_daniela_ostilita_dei_salotti.shtml">"Gianfranco e Daniela e l'ostilità dei salotti"</a> (in Italian). corriere.it<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 October</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Gianfranco+e+Daniela+e+l%27ostilit%C3%A0+dei+salotti&amp;rft.pub=corriere.it&amp;rft.date=2007-06-17&amp;rft.aulast=Piccolillo&amp;rft.aufirst=Virginia&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.corriere.it%2FPrimo_Piano%2FCronache%2F2007%2F06_Giugno%2F17%2Fgianfranco_daniela_ostilita_dei_salotti.shtml&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGianfranco+Fini" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCorriere_della_Sera2007" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Corriere_della_Sera" title="Corriere della Sera">Corriere della Sera</a>, ed. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 December</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=%C3%88+nata+Carolina+Fini&amp;rft.date=2007-12-02&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.corriere.it%2Fcronache%2F07_dicembre_02%2Ffiglia_fini_d4bc67c4-a0fa-11dc-a70a-0003ba99c53b.shtml&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGianfranco+Fini" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDaniele_Protti2009" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Daniele Protti (3 March 2009). <a href="/wiki/Corriere_della_Sera" title="Corriere della Sera">Corriere della Sera</a> (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.corriere.it/europeo/politica/2009/03/protti-intervista-almirante_e08a8364-07ed-11de-805b-00144f02aabc.shtml">"Almirante: "Non voglio morire da fascista"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a> (in Italian)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 March</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Almirante%3A+%22Non+voglio+morire+da+fascista%22&amp;rft.date=2009-03-03&amp;rft.au=Daniele+Protti&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.corriere.it%2Feuropeo%2Fpolitica%2F2009%2F03%2Fprotti-intervista-almirante_e08a8364-07ed-11de-805b-00144f02aabc.shtml&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGianfranco+Fini" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDe_Cesare1995" class="citation book cs1">De Cesare, Corrado (1995). <i>Il fascista del Duemila. Le radici del camerata Gianfranco Fini</i>. Kaos edizioni. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-88-7953-046-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-88-7953-046-0"><bdi>978-88-7953-046-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Il+fascista+del+Duemila.+Le+radici+del+camerata+Gianfranco+Fini&amp;rft.pub=Kaos+edizioni&amp;rft.date=1995&amp;rft.isbn=978-88-7953-046-0&amp;rft.aulast=De+Cesare&amp;rft.aufirst=Corrado&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGianfranco+Fini" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLussana2008" class="citation web cs1">Lussana, Massimiliano (1 May 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ilgiornale.it/a.pic1?ID=258539">"Gianfranco il freddo"</a>. Ilgiornale.it<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 October</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Gianfranco+il+freddo&amp;rft.pub=Ilgiornale.it&amp;rft.date=2008-05-01&amp;rft.aulast=Lussana&amp;rft.aufirst=Massimiliano&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ilgiornale.it%2Fa.pic1%3FID%3D258539&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGianfranco+Fini" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"World Affairs: Italy". <i>1994 Britannica Book of the Year</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-11984570">"Profile: Gianfranco Fini"</a>. 13 December 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 August</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=Profile%3A+Gianfranco+Fini&amp;rft.date=2010-12-13&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-europe-11984570&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGianfranco+Fini" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCaselli2008" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Caselli, Dario (12 May 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111004072224/http://www.loccidentale.it/articolo/fini+spegne+la+fiamma+ma+scalda+il+cuore+della+destra">"Fini spegne la fiamma ma scalda il cuore della destra"</a> (in Italian). L'Occidentale. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.loccidentale.it/articolo/fini+spegne+la+fiamma+ma+scalda+il+cuore+della+destra">the original</a> on 4 October 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 October</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Fini+spegne+la+fiamma+ma+scalda+il+cuore+della+destra&amp;rft.pub=L%27Occidentale&amp;rft.date=2008-05-12&amp;rft.aulast=Caselli&amp;rft.aufirst=Dario&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.loccidentale.it%2Farticolo%2Ffini%2Bspegne%2Bla%2Bfiamma%2Bma%2Bscalda%2Bil%2Bcuore%2Bdella%2Bdestra&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGianfranco+Fini" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.corriere.it/politica/08_settembre_13/fini_antifascismo_ccb8bcec-8175-11dd-95db-00144f02aabc.shtml">"La destra si riconosca nell'antifascismo"</a>. Corriere.it<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 October</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=La+destra+si+riconosca+nell%27antifascismo&amp;rft.pub=Corriere.it&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.corriere.it%2Fpolitica%2F08_settembre_13%2Ffini_antifascismo_ccb8bcec-8175-11dd-95db-00144f02aabc.shtml&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGianfranco+Fini" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(in Italian)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pezzedappoggio.ilcannocchiale.it/post/2141321.html"><i>Il Cannocchiale</i>, 13/01/2009</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090924090404/http://pezzedappoggio.ilcannocchiale.it/post/2141321.html">Archived</a> 24 September 2009 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>: L'ira di Fini: «Una cosa mai vista».</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Politics In Europe</i>. CQ Press. 2011. p.&#160;393. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781452285573" title="Special:BookSources/9781452285573"><bdi>9781452285573</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Politics+In+Europe&amp;rft.pages=393&amp;rft.pub=CQ+Press&amp;rft.date=2011&amp;rft.isbn=9781452285573&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGianfranco+Fini" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCorriere_della_Sera2009" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Corriere_della_Sera" title="Corriere della Sera">Corriere della Sera</a>, ed. (28 January 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.corriere.it/politica/09_gennaio_28/fini_dito_voto_camera_5dd5aae8-ed26-11dd-b7f1-00144f02aabc.shtml">"Fini: si voterà solo con le impronte"</a> (in Italian)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 March</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Fini%3A+si+voter%C3%A0+solo+con+le+impronte&amp;rft.date=2009-01-28&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.corriere.it%2Fpolitica%2F09_gennaio_28%2Ffini_dito_voto_camera_5dd5aae8-ed26-11dd-b7f1-00144f02aabc.shtml&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGianfranco+Fini" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(in Italian)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://quotidianonet.ilsole24ore.com/cronaca/2009/02/05/149358-eluana_dubbi_napolitano_fini.shtml">[1]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090918225520/http://quotidianonet.ilsole24ore.com/cronaca/2009/02/05/149358-eluana_dubbi_napolitano_fini.shtml">Archived</a> 18 September 2009 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(in Italian)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://it.notizie.yahoo.com/19/20090522/tpl-pdl-rotondi-ingiuste-critiche-a-fini-1204c2b_1.html">[2]</a> <i>Notizie Yahoo</i>, 22 May 2009]<sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">&#91;<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title="&#160;Dead link tagged October 2011">dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">&#8205;</span>&#93;</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaldini2013" class="citation journal cs1">Baldini, Gianfranco (9 December 2013). "Don't Count Your Chickens before They're Hatched: The 2013 Italian Parliamentary and Presidential Elections". <i>South European Society and Politics</i>. <b>18</b> (4): 473–497. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F13608746.2013.860269">10.1080/13608746.2013.860269</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/11585%2F223290">11585/223290</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:155032963">155032963</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=South+European+Society+and+Politics&amp;rft.atitle=Don%27t+Count+Your+Chickens+before+They%27re+Hatched%3A+The+2013+Italian+Parliamentary+and+Presidential+Elections&amp;rft.volume=18&amp;rft.issue=4&amp;rft.pages=473-497&amp;rft.date=2013-12-09&amp;rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F11585%2F223290&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A155032963%23id-name%3DS2CID&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F13608746.2013.860269&amp;rft.aulast=Baldini&amp;rft.aufirst=Gianfranco&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGianfranco+Fini" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(in Italian)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ilgiornale.it/a.pic1?ID=359582&amp;START=0&amp;2col=">Veneziani: "Fini? La sua è una destra marziana"</a> Il Giornale - 17 giugno 2009</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.radioradicale.it/scheda/191851/notiziario-antiproibizionista-del-25-ottobre-1999">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"Ricovero coatto per i drogati" - Le dichiarazioni di Granfranco Fini"</a> (in Italian). Radioradicale.it. 25 October 1999<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 October</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=%22Ricovero+coatto+per+i+drogati%22+-+Le+dichiarazioni+di+Granfranco+Fini&amp;rft.pub=Radioradicale.it&amp;rft.date=1999-10-25&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.radioradicale.it%2Fscheda%2F191851%2Fnotiziario-antiproibizionista-del-25-ottobre-1999&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGianfranco+Fini" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150923220527/http://www.dragovoljac.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=18809%3Aulaskom-u-eu-hrvatskoj-prijeti-opasnost-od-nove-talijanske-okupacije&amp;catid=9%3Apolitika-i-drutvo&amp;Itemid=11">"DRAGOVOLJAC &#124; Ulaskom u EU Hrvatskoj prijeti opasnost od nove talijanske okupacije"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dragovoljac.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=18809%3Aulaskom-u-eu-hrvatskoj-prijeti-opasnost-od-nove-talijanske-okupacije&amp;catid=9%3Apolitika-i-drutvo&amp;Itemid=11">the original</a> on 23 September 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 June</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=DRAGOVOLJAC+%26%23124%3B+Ulaskom+u+EU+Hrvatskoj+prijeti+opasnost+od+nove+talijanske+okupacije&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dragovoljac.com%2Findex.php%3Foption%3Dcom_content%26view%3Darticle%26id%3D18809%253Aulaskom-u-eu-hrvatskoj-prijeti-opasnost-od-nove-talijanske-okupacije%26catid%3D9%253Apolitika-i-drutvo%26Itemid%3D11&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGianfranco+Fini" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LIURAEHcbg0">Video</a> on <a href="/wiki/YouTube_video_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="YouTube video (identifier)">YouTube</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">&#91;<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title="&#160;Dead link tagged October 2011">dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">&#8205;</span>&#93;</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIsraely2008" class="citation news cs1">Israely, Jeff (6 May 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080509031726/http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,1737829,00.html">"Italian Rightist Sparks Outrage"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,1737829,00.html">the original</a> on 9 May 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 October</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Time&amp;rft.atitle=Italian+Rightist+Sparks+Outrage&amp;rft.date=2008-05-06&amp;rft.aulast=Israely&amp;rft.aufirst=Jeff&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.time.com%2Ftime%2Fworld%2Farticle%2F0%2C8599%2C1737829%2C00.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGianfranco+Fini" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120719004350/http://www.agi.it/italy/news/200812161317-pol-ren0032-art.html">"Ultime Notizie Online &#124; Agenzia Giornalistica Italia &#124; AGI"</a>. <i>Agenzia Giornalistica Italia</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.agi.it/italy/news/200812161317-pol-ren0032-art.html">the original</a> on 19 July 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 December</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Agenzia+Giornalistica+Italia&amp;rft.atitle=Ultime+Notizie+Online+%26%23124%3B+Agenzia+Giornalistica+Italia+%26%23124%3B+AGI&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.agi.it%2Fitaly%2Fnews%2F200812161317-pol-ren0032-art.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGianfranco+Fini" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120719004049/http://www.agi.it/italy/news/200903251721-pol-ren0057-art.html">"Ultime Notizie Online &#124; Agenzia Giornalistica Italia &#124; AGI"</a>. <i>Agenzia Giornalistica Italia</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.agi.it/italy/news/200903251721-pol-ren0057-art.html">the original</a> on 19 July 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 June</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Agenzia+Giornalistica+Italia&amp;rft.atitle=Ultime+Notizie+Online+%26%23124%3B+Agenzia+Giornalistica+Italia+%26%23124%3B+AGI&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.agi.it%2Fitaly%2Fnews%2F200903251721-pol-ren0057-art.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGianfranco+Fini" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/aug/02/silvio-berlusconi-giacomo-caliendo-vote">Berlusconi minister faces parliamentary vote over corruption claims</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/">The Guardian - UK</a>, 2 August 2010, Retrieved 17 August 2010.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ilgiornale.it/news/cronache/soldi-nero-e-casa-montecarlo-indagati-cognato-e-suocero-fini-1342204.html">"Soldi in nero e casa a Montecarlo: indagati cognato e suocero di Fini"</a>. <i>ilGiornale.it</i>. 13 December 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=ilGiornale.it&amp;rft.atitle=Soldi+in+nero+e+casa+a+Montecarlo%3A+indagati+cognato+e+suocero+di+Fini&amp;rft.date=2016-12-13&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ilgiornale.it%2Fnews%2Fcronache%2Fsoldi-nero-e-casa-montecarlo-indagati-cognato-e-suocero-fini-1342204.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGianfranco+Fini" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ilfattoquotidiano.it/in-edicola/articoli/2016/12/29/finiti-alla-tulliani-i-soldi-della-casa-di-montecarlo/3285963/">"Finiti alla Tulliani i soldi della casa di Montecarlo"</a>. <i>Il Fatto Quotidiano</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Il+Fatto+Quotidiano&amp;rft.atitle=Finiti+alla+Tulliani+i+soldi+della+casa+di+Montecarlo&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ilfattoquotidiano.it%2Fin-edicola%2Farticoli%2F2016%2F12%2F29%2Ffiniti-alla-tulliani-i-soldi-della-casa-di-montecarlo%2F3285963%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGianfranco+Fini" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ilfattoquotidiano.it/in-edicola/articoli/2016/12/14/sono-stato-un-coglione-corrotto-mai/3257893/">"Giochi e riciclaggio, Gianfranco Fini: "Sono stato un coglione: corrotto, mai"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>Il Fatto Quotidiano</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Il+Fatto+Quotidiano&amp;rft.atitle=Giochi+e+riciclaggio%2C+Gianfranco+Fini%3A+%22Sono+stato+un+coglione%3A+corrotto%2C+mai%22&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ilfattoquotidiano.it%2Fin-edicola%2Farticoli%2F2016%2F12%2F14%2Fsono-stato-un-coglione-corrotto-mai%2F3257893%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGianfranco+Fini" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/article/italy-fini-convicted-apartment-sale-c31de030b43fce6ee284d1a3fb8314fc">"Former Italian foreign minister convicted for role in sale of Monte Carlo apartment"</a>. <i>Associated Press</i>. 30 April 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Associated+Press&amp;rft.atitle=Former+Italian+foreign+minister+convicted+for+role+in+sale+of+Monte+Carlo+apartment&amp;rft.date=2024-04-30&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2Farticle%2Fitaly-fini-convicted-apartment-sale-c31de030b43fce6ee284d1a3fb8314fc&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGianfranco+Fini" 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profile</a></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ccccff;">Political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="2">Preceded&#160;by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Sergio_Mattarella" title="Sergio Mattarella">Sergio Mattarella</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="2"><b> <a href="/wiki/Deputy_Prime_Minister_of_Italy" title="Deputy Prime Minister of Italy">Deputy Prime Minister of Italy</a> </b><br />2001–2006 <br />With: <b> <a href="/wiki/Marco_Follini" title="Marco Follini">Marco Follini</a> (2004–2005)<br /><a href="/wiki/Giulio_Tremonti" title="Giulio Tremonti">Giulio Tremonti</a> (2005–2006) </b> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded&#160;by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Massimo_D%27Alema" title="Massimo D&#39;Alema">Massimo D'Alema</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded&#160;by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Francesco_Rutelli" title="Francesco Rutelli">Francesco Rutelli</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded&#160;by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Franco_Frattini" title="Franco Frattini">Franco Frattini</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Italian_Minister_of_Foreign_Affairs" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian Minister of Foreign Affairs">Minister of Foreign Affairs</a> </b><br />2004–2006 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded&#160;by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Massimo_D%27Alema" title="Massimo D&#39;Alema">Massimo D'Alema</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded&#160;by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Fausto_Bertinotti" title="Fausto Bertinotti">Fausto Bertinotti</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Italian_Chamber_of_Deputies" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian Chamber of Deputies">President of the Chamber of Deputies</a> </b><br />2008–2013 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded&#160;by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Laura_Boldrini" title="Laura Boldrini">Laura Boldrini</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFBF00;">Party political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded&#160;by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Giorgio_Almirante" title="Giorgio Almirante">Giorgio Almirante</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Movimento_Sociale_Italiano" class="mw-redirect" title="Movimento Sociale Italiano">Secretary of the Italian Social Movement</a> </b><br />1987–1990 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded&#160;by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Pino_Rauti" title="Pino Rauti">Pino Rauti</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded&#160;by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Pino_Rauti" title="Pino Rauti">Pino Rauti</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Movimento_Sociale_Italiano" class="mw-redirect" title="Movimento Sociale Italiano">Secretary of the Italian Social Movement</a> </b><br />1991–1995 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;"><b>Party dissolved </b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="2"><b>New political party</b> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/National_Alliance_(Italy)" title="National Alliance (Italy)">President of National Alliance</a> </b><br />1995–2008 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded&#160;by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Ignazio_La_Russa" title="Ignazio La Russa">Ignazio La Russa</a></div><i><b>as <a href="/wiki/Acting_President" class="mw-redirect" title="Acting President">Acting President</a> </b></i> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Future_and_Freedom" title="Future and Freedom">President of Future and Freedom</a> </b><br />2011–2013 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;"><b>Vacant </b> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output 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decoding="async" width="75" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Italy_%281861%E2%80%931946%29.svg/113px-Flag_of_Italy_%281861%E2%80%931946%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Italy_%281861%E2%80%931946%29.svg/150px-Flag_of_Italy_%281861%E2%80%931946%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Palmiro_Togliatti" title="Palmiro Togliatti">Togliatti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmiro_Togliatti" title="Palmiro Togliatti">Togliatti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deputy_Prime_Minister_of_Italy#List_of_deputy_prime_ministers" title="Deputy Prime Minister of Italy">Rodinò</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pietro_Nenni" title="Pietro Nenni">Nenni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manlio_Brosio" title="Manlio Brosio">Brosio</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italian Republic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><figure class="mw-halign-right mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Italy.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/75px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/113px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/150px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <li><a href="/wiki/Luigi_Einaudi" title="Luigi Einaudi">Einaudi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Randolfo_Pacciardi" title="Randolfo Pacciardi">Pacciardi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Saragat" title="Giuseppe Saragat">Saragat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attilio_Piccioni" title="Attilio Piccioni">Piccioni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Porzio" title="Giovanni Porzio">Porzio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attilio_Piccioni" title="Attilio Piccioni">Piccioni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Saragat" title="Giuseppe Saragat">Saragat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Pella" title="Giuseppe Pella">Pella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Segni" title="Antonio Segni">Segni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attilio_Piccioni" title="Attilio Piccioni">Piccioni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pietro_Nenni" title="Pietro Nenni">Nenni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francesco_De_Martino" title="Francesco De Martino">De Martino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paolo_Emilio_Taviani" title="Paolo Emilio Taviani">Taviani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francesco_De_Martino" title="Francesco De Martino">De Martino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mario_Tanassi" title="Mario Tanassi">Tanassi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ugo_La_Malfa" title="Ugo La Malfa">La Malfa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ugo_La_Malfa" title="Ugo La Malfa">La Malfa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnaldo_Forlani" title="Arnaldo Forlani">Forlani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giuliano_Amato" title="Giuliano Amato">Amato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gianni_De_Michelis" title="Gianni De Michelis">De Michelis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claudio_Martelli" title="Claudio Martelli">Martelli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roberto_Maroni" title="Roberto Maroni">Maroni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Tatarella" title="Giuseppe Tatarella">Tatarella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Veltroni" title="Walter Veltroni">Veltroni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergio_Mattarella" title="Sergio Mattarella">Mattarella</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Fini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marco_Follini" title="Marco Follini">Follini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giulio_Tremonti" title="Giulio Tremonti">Tremonti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massimo_D%27Alema" title="Massimo D&#39;Alema">D'Alema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francesco_Rutelli" title="Francesco Rutelli">Rutelli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angelino_Alfano" title="Angelino Alfano">Alfano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matteo_Salvini" title="Matteo Salvini">Salvini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luigi_Di_Maio" title="Luigi Di Maio">Di Maio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Tajani" title="Antonio Tajani">Tajani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matteo_Salvini" title="Matteo Salvini">Salvini</a></li></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Presidents_of_the_Italian_Chamber_of_Deputies" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:President_of_Italian_Chamber_of_Deputies" title="Template:President of Italian Chamber of Deputies"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:President_of_Italian_Chamber_of_Deputies" title="Template talk:President of Italian Chamber of Deputies"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:President_of_Italian_Chamber_of_Deputies" title="Special:EditPage/Template:President of Italian Chamber of Deputies"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Presidents_of_the_Italian_Chamber_of_Deputies" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_Chamber_of_Deputies_(Italy)" title="List of presidents of the Chamber of Deputies (Italy)">Presidents of the Italian Chamber of Deputies</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:11pt;"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sardinia_(1720%E2%80%931861)" title="Kingdom of Sardinia (1720–1861)">Kingdom of Sardinia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vincenzo_Gioberti" title="Vincenzo Gioberti">Gioberti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorenzo_Pareto" title="Lorenzo Pareto">Pareto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pier_Dionigi_Pinelli" title="Pier Dionigi Pinelli">Pinelli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urbano_Rattazzi" title="Urbano Rattazzi">Rattazzi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlo_Bon_Compagni_di_Mombello" title="Carlo Bon Compagni di Mombello">Bon Compagni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlo_Cadorna" title="Carlo Cadorna">Cadorna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlo_Bon_Compagni_di_Mombello" title="Carlo Bon Compagni di Mombello">Bon Compagni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urbano_Rattazzi" title="Urbano Rattazzi">Rattazzi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Lanza" title="Giovanni Lanza">Lanza</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:11pt;"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy" title="Kingdom of Italy">Kingdom of Italy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Urbano_Rattazzi" title="Urbano Rattazzi">Rattazzi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sebastiano_Tecchio" title="Sebastiano Tecchio">Tecchio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Battista_Cassinis" title="Giovanni Battista Cassinis">Cassinis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adriano_Mari" title="Adriano Mari">Mari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Lanza" title="Giovanni Lanza">Lanza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Biancheri" title="Giuseppe Biancheri">Biancheri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francesco_Crispi" title="Francesco Crispi">Crispi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benedetto_Cairoli" title="Benedetto Cairoli">Cairoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domenico_Farini" title="Domenico Farini">Farini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michele_Coppino" title="Michele Coppino">Coppino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domenico_Farini" title="Domenico Farini">Farini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michele_Coppino" title="Michele Coppino">Coppino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Biancheri" title="Giuseppe Biancheri">Biancheri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Zanardelli" title="Giuseppe Zanardelli">Zanardelli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Biancheri" title="Giuseppe Biancheri">Biancheri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tommaso_Villa" title="Tommaso Villa">Villa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Zanardelli" title="Giuseppe Zanardelli">Zanardelli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Biancheri" title="Giuseppe Biancheri">Biancheri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Zanardelli" title="Giuseppe Zanardelli">Zanardelli</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luigi_Chinaglia&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Luigi Chinaglia (page does not exist)">Chinaglia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Colombo" title="Giuseppe Colombo">Colombo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Niccol%C3%B2_Gallo&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Niccolò Gallo (page does not exist)">Gallo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tommaso_Villa" title="Tommaso Villa">Villa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Biancheri" title="Giuseppe Biancheri">Biancheri</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Giuseppe_Marcora&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Giuseppe Marcora (page does not exist)">Marcora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Biancheri" title="Giuseppe Biancheri">Biancheri</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Giuseppe_Marcora&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Giuseppe Marcora (page does not exist)">Marcora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vittorio_Emanuele_Orlando" title="Vittorio Emanuele Orlando">Orlando</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enrico_De_Nicola" title="Enrico De Nicola">De Nicola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfredo_Rocco" title="Alfredo Rocco">Rocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Casertano" title="Antonio Casertano">Casertano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Giuriati" title="Giovanni Giuriati">Giurati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Costanzo_Ciano" title="Costanzo Ciano">Ciano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dino_Grandi" title="Dino Grandi">Grandi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vittorio_Emanuele_Orlando" title="Vittorio Emanuele Orlando">Orlando</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/De_jure" title="De jure">de jure</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlo_Sforza" title="Carlo Sforza">Sforza</a> (<i><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Council_of_Italy&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="National Council of Italy (page does not exist)">N.C.</a></i>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:11pt;"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italian Republic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Saragat" title="Giuseppe Saragat">Saragat</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Constituent_Assembly_of_Italy" title="Constituent Assembly of Italy">C.A.</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umberto_Terracini" title="Umberto Terracini">Terracini</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Constituent_Assembly_of_Italy" title="Constituent Assembly of Italy">C.A.</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Gronchi" title="Giovanni Gronchi">Gronchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Leone" title="Giovanni Leone">Leone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brunetto_Bucciarelli-Ducci" title="Brunetto Bucciarelli-Ducci">Bucciarelli-Ducci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandro_Pertini" title="Sandro Pertini">Pertini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pietro_Ingrao" title="Pietro Ingrao">Ingrao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nilde_Iotti" title="Nilde Iotti">Iotti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oscar_Luigi_Scalfaro" title="Oscar Luigi Scalfaro">Scalfaro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giorgio_Napolitano" title="Giorgio Napolitano">Napolitano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irene_Pivetti" title="Irene Pivetti">Pivetti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luciano_Violante" title="Luciano Violante">Violante</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pier_Ferdinando_Casini" title="Pier Ferdinando Casini">Casini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fausto_Bertinotti" title="Fausto Bertinotti">Bertinotti</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Fini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laura_Boldrini" title="Laura Boldrini">Boldrini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roberto_Fico" title="Roberto Fico">Fico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorenzo_Fontana" title="Lorenzo Fontana">Fontana</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Italian_Ministers_of_Foreign_Affairs" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Italian_Minister_of_Foreign_Affairs" title="Template:Italian Minister of Foreign Affairs"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Italian_Minister_of_Foreign_Affairs" title="Template talk:Italian Minister of Foreign Affairs"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Italian_Minister_of_Foreign_Affairs" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Italian Minister of Foreign Affairs"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Italian_Ministers_of_Foreign_Affairs" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Italy)" title="Minister of Foreign Affairs (Italy)">Italian Ministers of Foreign Affairs</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:11pt;"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy" title="Kingdom of Italy">Kingdom of Italy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Camillo_Benso,_Count_of_Cavour" title="Camillo Benso, Count of Cavour">Cavour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bettino_Ricasoli" title="Bettino Ricasoli">Ricasoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urbano_Rattazzi" title="Urbano Rattazzi">Rattazzi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Pasolini" title="Giuseppe Pasolini">Pasolini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emilio_Visconti_Venosta" title="Emilio Visconti Venosta">Visconti-Venosta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfonso_Ferrero_La_Marmora" title="Alfonso Ferrero La Marmora">La Marmora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emilio_Visconti_Venosta" title="Emilio Visconti Venosta">Visconti-Venosta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pompeo_Di_Campello" title="Pompeo Di Campello">Campello</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luigi_Federico_Menabrea" title="Luigi Federico Menabrea">Menabrea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emilio_Visconti_Venosta" title="Emilio Visconti Venosta">Visconti-Venosta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luigi_Amedeo_Melegari" title="Luigi Amedeo Melegari">Melegari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agostino_Depretis" title="Agostino Depretis">Depretis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lodovico,_Count_Corti" class="mw-redirect" title="Lodovico, Count Corti">Corti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benedetto_Cairoli" title="Benedetto Cairoli">Cairoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agostino_Depretis" title="Agostino Depretis">Depretis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benedetto_Cairoli" title="Benedetto Cairoli">Cairoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pasquale_Stanislao_Mancini" title="Pasquale Stanislao Mancini">Mancini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agostino_Depretis" title="Agostino Depretis">Depretis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlo_Felice_Nicolis,_conte_di_Robilant" title="Carlo Felice Nicolis, conte di Robilant">Robilant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agostino_Depretis" title="Agostino Depretis">Depretis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francesco_Crispi" title="Francesco Crispi">Crispi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Starabba,_Marchese_di_Rudin%C3%AC" title="Antonio Starabba, Marchese di Rudinì">Starabba di Rudinì</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benedetto_Brin" title="Benedetto Brin">Brin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alberto_Blanc" title="Alberto Blanc">Blanc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onorato_Caetani_(1842%E2%80%931917)" title="Onorato Caetani (1842–1917)">Caetani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raffaele_Cappelli" title="Raffaele Cappelli">Capelli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Felice_Napoleone_Canevaro" title="Felice Napoleone Canevaro">Canevaro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emilio_Visconti_Venosta" title="Emilio Visconti Venosta">Visconti-Venosta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giulio_Prinetti" title="Giulio Prinetti">Prinetti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tommaso_Tittoni" title="Tommaso Tittoni">Tittoni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonino_Patern%C3%B2_Castello,_Marchese_di_San_Giuliano" title="Antonino Paternò Castello, Marchese di San Giuliano">Paternò Castello</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francesco_Guicciardini_(politician)" title="Francesco Guicciardini (politician)">Guicciardini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tommaso_Tittoni" title="Tommaso Tittoni">Tittoni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francesco_Guicciardini_(politician)" title="Francesco Guicciardini (politician)">Guicciardini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonino_Patern%C3%B2_Castello,_Marchese_di_San_Giuliano" title="Antonino Paternò Castello, Marchese di San Giuliano">Paternò Castello</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidney_Sonnino" title="Sidney Sonnino">Sonnino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tommaso_Tittoni" title="Tommaso Tittoni">Tittoni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vittorio_Scialoja" title="Vittorio Scialoja">Scialoja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlo_Sforza" title="Carlo Sforza">Sforza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pietro_Tomasi_Della_Torretta" title="Pietro Tomasi Della Torretta">Tommasi della Torretta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlo_Schanzer" title="Carlo Schanzer">Schanzer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benito_Mussolini" title="Benito Mussolini">Mussolini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dino_Grandi" title="Dino Grandi">Grandi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benito_Mussolini" title="Benito Mussolini">Mussolini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galeazzo_Ciano" title="Galeazzo Ciano">Ciano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benito_Mussolini" title="Benito Mussolini">Mussolini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raffaele_Guariglia" title="Raffaele Guariglia">Guariglia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pietro_Badoglio" title="Pietro Badoglio">Badoglio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivanoe_Bonomi" title="Ivanoe Bonomi">Bonomi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcide_De_Gasperi" title="Alcide De Gasperi">De Gasperi</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lesser_coat_of_arms_of_the_Kingdom_of_Italy_(1890).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Lesser_coat_of_arms_of_the_Kingdom_of_Italy_%281890%29.svg/42px-Lesser_coat_of_arms_of_the_Kingdom_of_Italy_%281890%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="42" height="72" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Lesser_coat_of_arms_of_the_Kingdom_of_Italy_%281890%29.svg/63px-Lesser_coat_of_arms_of_the_Kingdom_of_Italy_%281890%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Lesser_coat_of_arms_of_the_Kingdom_of_Italy_%281890%29.svg/84px-Lesser_coat_of_arms_of_the_Kingdom_of_Italy_%281890%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="685" /></a></span><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_Italy.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Emblem_of_Italy.svg/50px-Emblem_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="57" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Emblem_of_Italy.svg/75px-Emblem_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Emblem_of_Italy.svg/100px-Emblem_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="710" data-file-height="808" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:11pt;"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italian Republic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alcide_De_Gasperi" title="Alcide De Gasperi">De Gasperi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pietro_Nenni" title="Pietro Nenni">Nenni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlo_Sforza" title="Carlo Sforza">Sforza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcide_De_Gasperi" title="Alcide De Gasperi">De Gasperi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Pella" title="Giuseppe Pella">Pella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attilio_Piccioni" title="Attilio Piccioni">Piccioni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaetano_Martino" title="Gaetano Martino">Martino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Pella" title="Giuseppe Pella">Pella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amintore_Fanfani" title="Amintore Fanfani">Fanfani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Pella" title="Giuseppe Pella">Pella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Segni" title="Antonio Segni">Segni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amintore_Fanfani" title="Amintore Fanfani">Fanfani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attilio_Piccioni" title="Attilio Piccioni">Piccioni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Saragat" title="Giuseppe Saragat">Saragat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aldo_Moro" title="Aldo Moro">Moro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amintore_Fanfani" title="Amintore Fanfani">Fanfani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aldo_Moro" title="Aldo Moro">Moro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amintore_Fanfani" title="Amintore Fanfani">Fanfani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Medici" title="Giuseppe Medici">Medici</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pietro_Nenni" title="Pietro Nenni">Nenni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aldo_Moro" title="Aldo Moro">Moro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Medici" title="Giuseppe Medici">Medici</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aldo_Moro" title="Aldo Moro">Moro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariano_Rumor" title="Mariano Rumor">Rumor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnaldo_Forlani" title="Arnaldo Forlani">Forlani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franco_Maria_Malfatti" title="Franco Maria Malfatti">Malfatti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attilio_Ruffini" title="Attilio Ruffini">Ruffini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emilio_Colombo" title="Emilio Colombo">Colombo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giulio_Andreotti" title="Giulio Andreotti">Andreotti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gianni_De_Michelis" title="Gianni De Michelis">De Michelis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vincenzo_Scotti" title="Vincenzo Scotti">Scotti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emilio_Colombo" title="Emilio Colombo">Colombo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beniamino_Andreatta" title="Beniamino Andreatta">Andreatta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopoldo_Elia" title="Leopoldo Elia">Elia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Martino" title="Antonio Martino">Martino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susanna_Agnelli" title="Susanna Agnelli">Agnelli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamberto_Dini" title="Lamberto Dini">Dini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renato_Ruggiero" title="Renato Ruggiero">Ruggiero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silvio_Berlusconi" title="Silvio Berlusconi">Berlusconi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franco_Frattini" title="Franco Frattini">Frattini</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Fini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massimo_D%27Alema" title="Massimo D&#39;Alema">D'Alema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franco_Frattini" title="Franco Frattini">Frattini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giulio_Terzi_di_Sant%27Agata" title="Giulio Terzi di Sant&#39;Agata">Terzi di Sant'Agata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emma_Bonino" title="Emma Bonino">Bonino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federica_Mogherini" title="Federica Mogherini">Mogherini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paolo_Gentiloni" title="Paolo Gentiloni">Gentiloni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angelino_Alfano" title="Angelino Alfano">Alfano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enzo_Moavero_Milanesi" title="Enzo Moavero Milanesi">Moavero Milanesi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luigi_Di_Maio" title="Luigi Di Maio">Di Maio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Tajani" title="Antonio Tajani">Tajani</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Great_Offices_of_the_Italian_Republic" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Offices_of_italy" title="Template:Offices of italy"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Offices_of_italy" title="Template talk:Offices of italy"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Offices_of_italy" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Offices of italy"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Great_Offices_of_the_Italian_Republic" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Great Offices of the Italian Republic</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;text-align:center;width:20em;"><div> <p><b><a href="/wiki/President_of_Italy" title="President of Italy">President</a></b><br /><a href="/wiki/Sergio_Mattarella" title="Sergio Mattarella">Sergio Mattarella</a> </p> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;width:20em;"><div> <p><b><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Senate_of_the_Republic_(Italy)" title="President of the Senate of the Republic (Italy)">President of the Senate</a></b><br /><a href="/wiki/Ignazio_La_Russa" title="Ignazio La Russa">Ignazio La Russa</a> </p> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;width:20em;"><div> <p><b><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Chamber_of_Deputies_(Italy)" title="President of the Chamber of Deputies (Italy)">President of the Chamber of Deputies</a></b><br /><a href="/wiki/Lorenzo_Fontana" title="Lorenzo Fontana">Lorenzo Fontana</a> </p> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;width:20em;"><div> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Italy" title="Prime Minister of Italy">Prime Minister</a></b><br /><a href="/wiki/Giorgia_Meloni" title="Giorgia Meloni">Giorgia Meloni</a> </p> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_Italy.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Emblem_of_Italy.svg/45px-Emblem_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Berlusconi_II_Cabinet" title="Template:Berlusconi II Cabinet"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Berlusconi_II_Cabinet" title="Template talk:Berlusconi II Cabinet"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Berlusconi_II_Cabinet" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Berlusconi II Cabinet"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Berlusconi_II_Cabinet_(2001–05)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Berlusconi_II_Cabinet" class="mw-redirect" title="Berlusconi II Cabinet">Berlusconi II Cabinet</a> (2001–05)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Silvio_Berlusconi" title="Silvio Berlusconi">Berlusconi</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Fini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marco_Follini" title="Marco Follini">Follini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enrico_La_Loggia" title="Enrico La Loggia">La Loggia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Pisanu" title="Giuseppe Pisanu">Pisanu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claudio_Scajola" title="Claudio Scajola">Scajola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franco_Frattini" title="Franco Frattini">Frattini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luigi_Mazzella" title="Luigi Mazzella">Mazzella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mario_Baccini" title="Mario Baccini">Baccini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucio_Stanca" title="Lucio Stanca">Stanca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirko_Tremaglia" title="Mirko Tremaglia">Tremaglia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stefania_Prestigiacomo" title="Stefania Prestigiacomo">Prestigiacomo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rocco_Buttiglione" title="Rocco Buttiglione">Buttiglione</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umberto_Bossi" title="Umberto Bossi">Bossi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roberto_Calderoli" title="Roberto Calderoli">Calderoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlo_Giovanardi" title="Carlo Giovanardi">Giovanardi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renato_Ruggiero" title="Renato Ruggiero">Ruggiero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roberto_Castelli" title="Roberto Castelli">Castelli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giulio_Tremonti" title="Giulio Tremonti">Tremonti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domenico_Siniscalco" title="Domenico Siniscalco">Siniscalco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Marzano" title="Antonio Marzano">Marzano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Letizia_Moratti" title="Letizia Moratti">Moratti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roberto_Maroni" title="Roberto Maroni">Maroni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Martino" title="Antonio Martino">Martino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gianni_Alemanno" title="Gianni Alemanno">Alemanno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pietro_Lunardi" title="Pietro Lunardi">Lunardi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Girolamo_Sirchia" title="Girolamo Sirchia">Sirchia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giuliano_Urbani" title="Giuliano Urbani">Urbani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurizio_Gasparri" title="Maurizio Gasparri">Gasparri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altero_Matteoli" title="Altero Matteoli">Matteoli</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_Italy.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Emblem_of_Italy.svg/55px-Emblem_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="55" height="63" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Emblem_of_Italy.svg/83px-Emblem_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Emblem_of_Italy.svg/110px-Emblem_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="710" data-file-height="808" 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href="/wiki/Stefano_Caldoro" title="Stefano Caldoro">Caldoro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mario_Baccini" title="Mario Baccini">Baccini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucio_Stanca" title="Lucio Stanca">Stanca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirko_Tremaglia" title="Mirko Tremaglia">Tremaglia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stefania_Prestigiacomo" title="Stefania Prestigiacomo">Prestigiacomo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giorgio_La_Malfa" title="Giorgio La Malfa">La Malfa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roberto_Calderoli" title="Roberto Calderoli">Calderoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlo_Giovanardi" title="Carlo Giovanardi">Giovanardi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gianfranco_Miccich%C3%A8" title="Gianfranco Miccichè">Miccichè</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Pisanu" title="Giuseppe Pisanu">Pisanu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roberto_Castelli" title="Roberto Castelli">Castelli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domenico_Siniscalco" title="Domenico Siniscalco">Siniscalco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claudio_Scajola" title="Claudio Scajola">Scajola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Letizia_Moratti" title="Letizia Moratti">Moratti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roberto_Maroni" title="Roberto Maroni">Maroni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Martino" title="Antonio Martino">Martino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gianni_Alemanno" title="Gianni Alemanno">Alemanno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altero_Matteoli" title="Altero Matteoli">Matteoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pietro_Lunardi" title="Pietro Lunardi">Lunardi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francesco_Storace" title="Francesco Storace">Storace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rocco_Buttiglione" title="Rocco Buttiglione">Buttiglione</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mario_Landolfi" title="Mario Landolfi">Landolfi</a>&#160;</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_Italy.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Emblem_of_Italy.svg/55px-Emblem_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="55" height="63" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Emblem_of_Italy.svg/83px-Emblem_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Emblem_of_Italy.svg/110px-Emblem_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="710" data-file-height="808" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Italian_Social_Movement" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#000000; color:white;;background-color:#000000;color:white;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Italian_Social_Movement" title="Template:Italian Social Movement"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:white">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Italian_Social_Movement" title="Template talk:Italian Social Movement"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:white">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Italian_Social_Movement" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Italian Social Movement"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:white">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Italian_Social_Movement" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Italian_Social_Movement" title="Italian Social Movement"><span style="color:white;">Italian Social Movement</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#000000; color:white;;width:1%"><span style="color:white;">Secretaries</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Giacinto_Trevisonno&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Giacinto Trevisonno (page does not exist)">Giacinto Trevisonno</a> (1946–1947)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giorgio_Almirante" title="Giorgio Almirante">Giorgio Almirante</a> (1947–1950)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augusto_De_Marsanich" title="Augusto De Marsanich">Augusto De Marsanich</a> (1950–1954)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arturo_Michelini" title="Arturo Michelini">Arturo Michelini</a> (1954–1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giorgio_Almirante" title="Giorgio Almirante">Giorgio Almirante</a> (1969–1987)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Gianfranco Fini</a> (1987–1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pino_Rauti" title="Pino Rauti">Pino Rauti</a> (1990–1991)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Gianfranco Fini</a> (1991–1995)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#000000; color:white;;width:1%"><span style="color:white;">Presidents</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Junio_Valerio_Borghese" title="Junio Valerio Borghese">Junio Valerio Borghese</a> (1952–1954)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augusto_De_Marsanich" title="Augusto De Marsanich">Augusto De Marsanich</a> (1954–1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gino_Birindelli" title="Gino Birindelli">Gino Birindelli</a> (1972–1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfredo_Covelli" title="Alfredo Covelli">Alfredo Covelli</a> (1973–1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pino_Romualdi" title="Pino Romualdi">Pino Romualdi</a> (1976–1982)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nino_Tripodi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Nino Tripodi (page does not exist)">Nino Tripodi</a> (1982–1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giorgio_Almirante" title="Giorgio Almirante">Giorgio Almirante</a> (1987–1988)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfredo_Pazzaglia&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Alfredo Pazzaglia (page does not exist)">Alfredo Pazzaglia</a> (1990–1994)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#000000; color:white;;width:1%"><span style="color:white;">Youth wings</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Young_Italy_(1954)" title="Young Italy (1954)">Young Italy</a> (1954–1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Youth_Front_(Italy)" title="Youth Front (Italy)">Youth Front</a> (1971–1996)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#000000; color:white;;width:1%"><span style="color:white;">Affiliations</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Social_Movement" title="European Social Movement">European Social Movement</a> (1951–1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Party_of_Europe" title="National Party of Europe">National Party of Europe</a> (1962–1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurodroite" title="Eurodroite">Eurodroite</a> (1979–1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Right_(1984%E2%80%931989)" title="European Right (1984–1989)">European Right</a> (1984–1989)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#000000; color:white;;width:1%"><span style="color:white;">Derivates</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Alliance_(Italy)" title="National Alliance (Italy)">National Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Democracy_(Italy)" title="National Democracy (Italy)">National Democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tricolour_Flame" title="Tricolour Flame">Tricolour Flame</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#000000; color:white;;width:1%"><span style="color:white;">Miscellaneous</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Italian_Social_Movement_politicians" title="List of Italian Social Movement politicians">List of politicians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acca_Larentia_killings" title="Acca Larentia killings">Acca Larentia killings</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Leaders_of_National_Alliance" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#0148A4;color:white;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:President_of_National_Alliance" title="Template:President of National Alliance"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:white">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:President_of_National_Alliance" title="Template talk:President of National Alliance"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:white">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:President_of_National_Alliance" title="Special:EditPage/Template:President of National Alliance"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:white">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Leaders_of_National_Alliance" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/National_Alliance_(Italy)" title="National Alliance (Italy)"><span style="color:white;">Leaders of National Alliance</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Gianfranco Fini</a> (1995–2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ignazio_La_Russa" title="Ignazio La Russa">Ignazio La Russa</a> (2008–2009)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&amp;#124;text-top&amp;#124;10px&amp;#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&amp;#124;link=https&amp;#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47583#identifiers&amp;#124;class=noprint&amp;#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&amp;#124;text-top&amp;#124;10px&amp;#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&amp;#124;link=https&amp;#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47583#identifiers&amp;#124;class=noprint&amp;#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47583#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000081252197">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/46864536">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/359187/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJhhvgJBRjtGrQ4GTyVHmd">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/119346699">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n95072797">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb124940270">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb124940270">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Fini, Gianfranco &lt;1952- &gt;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/CFIV141346">Italy</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&amp;local_base=NLX10&amp;find_code=UID&amp;request=987009538436205171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA14092368?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.europarl.europa.eu/meps/en/1007">MEP directory</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/119346699">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/034153829">IdRef</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐78f4c97c5d‐9vcrc Cached time: 20241129031454 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 1.176 seconds Real time usage: 1.423 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 18097/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 233559/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 65678/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 18/100 Expensive parser function count: 5/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 177013/5000000 bytes 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