Le premier ministre japonais sous pression après la gifle des législatives

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</header> <div class="container"> <div class="row flex-sm flex-row"> <div class="col-xs-14 col-sm-7 col-md-9 col-lg-10 "> <figure> <picture> <source media="(max-width: 600px)" srcset="https://media2.ledevoir.com/images_galerie/nwd_1744295_1357094/image.jpg?width=600"> <source media="(min-width: 601px) and (max-width: 767px)" srcset="https://media1.ledevoir.com/images_galerie/nwd_1744295_1357094/image.jpg?width=768"> <source media="(min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 1023px)" srcset="https://media2.ledevoir.com/images_galerie/nwd_1744295_1357094/image.jpg?width=348"> <source media="(min-width: 1024px) and (max-width: 1235px)" srcset="https://media1.ledevoir.com/images_galerie/nwd_1744295_1357094/image.jpg?width=612"> <source media="(min-width: 1236px) " srcset="https://media1.ledevoir.com/images_galerie/nwd_1744295_1357094/image.jpg?width=828"> <img fetchpriority="high" src="https://media2.ledevoir.com/images_galerie/nwd_1744295_1357094/image.jpg" alt="L’ancien ministre japonais de l’environnement, Shinjiro Koizumi, s’exprime dans un centre de dépouillement des bulletins de vote pour les sièges à la Chambre des représentants du Japon, la chambre basse de la Diète nationale, à Tokyo, le 27 octobre 2024." height="530" width="828" class="img-responsive"> </picture> <figcaption> <span> Photo: Photo de Takashi Aoyama / POOL / Agence France-Presse </span> L’ancien ministre japonais de l’environnement, Shinjiro Koizumi, s’exprime dans un centre de dépouillement des bulletins de vote pour les sièges à la Chambre des représentants du Japon, la chambre basse de la Diète nationale, à Tokyo, le 27 octobre 2024. </figcaption> </figure> <div class="row"> <div class="col-xs-14 col-md-10 col-md-offset-4"> <div class="author-offset"> <aside class="author sans-photo sans-presentation"> <h3> <a href="/recherche?organisation=agence-france-presse" title="Tomohiro Osaki - Agence France-Presse"> <span>Tomohiro Osaki - Agence France-Presse</span></a> <em>à Tokyo</em> </h3> <time datetime="2024-10-26T22:43:00Z" class="clair">Publié le 26 oct. 2024</time> <time datetime="2024-10-28T04:50:30Z">Mis à jour le 28 oct. 2024</time> <nav class="category-nav"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> <li><a href="/monde/asie"><span>Asie</span></a></li> </ul> </nav> <ul class="social list-unstyled hidden-xs hidden-sm"> <li class="tw"><a href="https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?text=Le+premier+ministre+japonais+sous+pression+apr%C3%A8s+la+gifle+des+l%C3%A9gislatives+https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ledevoir.com%2Fmonde%2Fasie%2F822486%2Fmajorite-premier-ministre-japonais-menacee" target="_blank"><span class="normal"><svg width="1200" height="1227" viewBox="0 0 1200 1227" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path d="M714.163 519.284L1160.89 0H1055.03L667.137 450.887L357.328 0H0L468.492 681.821L0 1226.37H105.866L515.491 750.218L842.672 1226.37H1200L714.137 519.284H714.163ZM569.165 687.828L521.697 619.934L144.011 79.6944H306.615L611.412 515.685L658.88 583.579L1055.08 1150.3H892.476L569.165 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x2="14.752" y2="19.511" stroke="#000"/><rect height=".783" width=".783" y="10.548" x="15.415" stroke-linecap="null" stroke-linejoin="null" stroke-dasharray="null" stroke-width="null" stroke="#fff" fill="none" class="color-match-2"/><rect height="2.116" width="2.814" y="15.442" x=".488" stroke-linecap="null" stroke-linejoin="null" stroke-dasharray="null" stroke-width="null" stroke="#000" class="color-match-1"/><rect height="2.116" width="2.814" y="15.453" x="16.686" stroke-linecap="null" stroke-linejoin="null" stroke-dasharray="null" stroke-width="null" stroke="#000" class="color-match-1"/></svg></span></a></li> <li class="bookmark"><a href="#" class="btn_favoris" style="display:none"><span class="normal"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="14" height="20.031" viewBox="0 0 14 20.031"><path d="M0 0h14v1H0zM1 19l6.104-4.895.505.597L1 20"/><path d="M6.552 14.867l6.446 5.116v-1l-5.946-4.616M13 0h1v20h-1M0 .032h1v20H0z"/></svg></span><span class="hover"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="14" height="20.031" viewBox="0 0 14 20.031"><path fill="none" d="M1 19l6.104-4.895.505.597-.062.05L13 18.97V1H1"/><path d="M13 0H0v20.032h1V20l5.98-4.793 6.018 4.775.002-.003V20h1V0h-1z"/></svg></span></a></li> </ul> </aside> </div> <div class=" text-offset "> <div class="editor scrolling-tracker"> <p>Le premier ministre japonais, Shigeru Ishiba, se retrouve en grande difficulté politique lundi après la défaite historique de la coalition au pouvoir qui, selon les projections, a perdu la majorité à l’issue d’élections législatives désastreuses.</p><p>Dans la foulée de son arrivée au pouvoir le 1<sup>er</sup> octobre, M. Ishiba avait convoqué un scrutin anticipé, espérant consolider son pouvoir en renforçant la position de son Parti libéral-démocrate (PLD), qui gouverne le Japon presque sans interruption depuis sept décennies.</p><p>Mais selon la chaîne de télévision nationale NHK et dans l’attente des résultats officiels, le PLD n’a pas atteint la majorité absolue de 233 sièges à lui tout seul, pour la première fois depuis 2009.</p><p>Pire encore, les projections suggèrent que la coalition au pouvoir composée du PLD et du petit parti Komeito n’a pas non plus réussi à s’assurer le contrôle de la moitié des 465 sièges de la chambre basse.</p><p>Le PLD a remporté 191 sièges et Komeito 24, selon les décomptes de la NHK lundi matin.</p><p>« Nous sommes sévèrement jugés », a déclaré dimanche soir M. Ishiba, choisi comme leader du PLD précisément parce qu’il était considéré comme populaire parmi les électeurs, ajoutant que le peuple japonais « a exprimé son vif désir de voir le PLD réfléchir et devenir un parti qui agira conformément à la volonté du peuple. »</p><p>Cette sanction par les urnes est attribuée en grande partie à un scandale de « caisses noires » qui a secoué le PLD.</p><p>Avant l’élection, les médias locaux avaient émis l’hypothèse que, dans ce scénario défaitiste, M. Ishiba pourrait démissionner. Il deviendrait alors le premier ministre resté le moins longtemps aux affaires dans le pays depuis la fin de la Seconde Guerre mondiale. M. Ishiba est lundi au 27<sup>e</sup> jour de son mandat.</p><p><b>« Jugement sévère »</b> </p><p>S’il reste, M. Ishiba devra diriger un gouvernement minoritaire ou chercher de nouveaux partenaires de coalition. Les analystes doutent de la capacité de l’opposition, divisée, à former elle-même une alliance.</p><p>« Si nous ne sommes pas en mesure d’obtenir une majorité en raison du jugement sévère de l’opinion publique, nous demanderons au plus grand nombre de personnes possible de coopérer avec nous », avait déclaré dès dimanche soir Shinjiro Koizumi, responsable des élections au sein du PLD.</p><p>M. Koizumi a présenté lundi sa démission à M. Ishiba afin d’assumer la responsabilité de la débâcle.</p><p>Pour autant, le premier ministre pourrait voir sa position contestée au sein du parti, dont certains cadres, partisans de l’ancien premier ministre Shinzo Abe « ont été malmenés par M. Ishiba et pourraient donc saisir l’occasion de prendre leur revanche », estimé Yu Uchiyama, professeur de sciences politiques à l’université de Tokyo.</p><p>Mais « le PLD ayant perdu un nombre de sièges considérable, ils pourraient décider de soutenir Ishiba pour l’instant, pensant que ce n’est pas le moment de se livrer à des querelles intestines », selon M. Uchiyama.</p><p><b>Gains pour l’opposition</b> </p><p>Lors des dernières élections générales, en 2021, le PLD avait obtenu la majorité avec 259 sièges à la puissante chambre basse du Parlement. Le Komeito en avait remporté 32, installant une majorité confortable.</p><p>Si les résultats officiels le confirment, la perte de la majorité par le PLD sera le pire résultat depuis qu’il a perdu le pouvoir en 2009, avant d’être ramené aux affaires en 2012 par une large victoire de l’ancien premier ministre Shinzo Abe, assassiné en juillet 2022.</p><p>Des sondages d’opinion réalisés avant l’élection avaient suggéré que dans de nombreuses circonscriptions, les candidats du PLD étaient au coude à coude avec ceux du Parti démocrate constitutionnel (PDC), le deuxième plus important au parlement, dirigé par le populaire ancien premier ministre Yoshihiko Noda.</p><p>Le PDC semble avoir réalisé une avancée considérable, la NHK comptabilisant 148 sièges contre 96 auparavant, dans une assemblée où le nombre de femmes parlementaires pourrait atteindre un niveau record de 73, toujours selon la chaîne publique.</p><p>« Les électeurs ont choisi le parti le plus apte à promouvoir les réformes politiques », s’est félicité M. Noda dimanche soir, ajoutant que « la gouvernance PLD-Komeito ne peut pas continuer ».</p><p>Les législatives ont aussi marqué la progression de plus petites formations, le Parti démocrate du peuple (centre) quadruplant son nombre de sièges selon la NHK.</p><p>Le Reiwa Shinsengumi, parti d’opposition populiste fondé par un ancien acteur, passerait de 3 à 9 sièges après avoir promis d’abolir la taxe sur la consommation et d’augmenter les retraites, tandis que le Parti conservateur du Japon, anti-immigration et nationaliste, a remporté ses trois premiers sièges.</p><p>Enfin, le nombre de femmes parlementaires élues à la chambre basse pourrait atteindre un niveau record de 73, toujours selon la chaîne publique NHK.</p> <div class="piano-suggest"></div> <div class="hidden-print read-also"> <h4>À voir en vidéo</h4> <span class="extra_texte"><script src="https://cdn.jwplayer.com/players/nGSyegM3-2OcidoSu.js?search=__CONTEXTUAL__"></script></span> </div> </div> <div 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