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simulation</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: MHD simulation"> <meta name="keywords" content="MHD simulation"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="MHD simulation"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 4984</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: MHD simulation</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4984</span> 156vdc to 110vac Sinusoidal Inverter Simulation and Implementation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Phinyo%20Mueangmeesap">Phinyo Mueangmeesap</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper describes about pure sinusoidal inverter simulation and implementation from high voltage DC (156 Vdc). This simulation is to study and improve the efficiency of the inverter. By reducing the loss of power from boost converter in current inverter. The simulation is done by using the H-bridge circuit with pulse width modulate (PWM) signal and low-pass filter circuit. To convert the DC into AC. This paper used the PSCad for simulation. The result of simulation can be used to create prototype inverter by converting 156 Vdc to 110Vac. The inverter gives the output signal similar to the output from a simulation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inverter%20simulation" title="inverter simulation">inverter simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PWM%20signal" title=" PWM signal"> PWM signal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=single-phase%20inverter" title=" single-phase inverter"> single-phase inverter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sinusoidal%20inverter" title=" sinusoidal inverter"> sinusoidal inverter</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58872/156vdc-to-110vac-sinusoidal-inverter-simulation-and-implementation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58872.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">412</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4983</span> Simulation Programs to Education of Crisis Management Members</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jiri%20Barta">Jiri Barta</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper deals with a simulation programs and technologies using in the educational process for members of the crisis management. Risk analysis, simulation, preparation and planning are among the main activities of workers of crisis management. Made correctly simulation of emergency defines the extent of the danger. On this basis, it is possible to effectively prepare and plan measures to minimize damage. The paper is focused on simulation programs that are trained at the University of Defence. Implementation of the outputs from simulation programs in decision-making processes of crisis staffs is one of the main tasks of the research project. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crisis%20management" title="crisis management">crisis management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=continuity" title=" continuity"> continuity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=critical%20infrastructure" title=" critical infrastructure"> critical infrastructure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dangerous%20substance" title=" dangerous substance"> dangerous substance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=education" title=" education"> education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flood" title=" flood"> flood</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=simulation%20programs" title=" simulation programs"> simulation programs</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18144/simulation-programs-to-education-of-crisis-management-members" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18144.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">465</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4982</span> A Saturation Attack Simulation on a Navy Warship Based on Discrete-Event Simulation Models</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yawei%20Liang">Yawei Liang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Threat from cruise missiles is among the most dangerous considerations to a warship in the modern era: anti-ship cruise missiles are fast, accurate, and extremely destructive. In this paper, the goal was to use an object-orientated environment to program a simulation to model a scenario in which a lone frigate is attacked by a wave of missiles fired at given intervals. The parameters of the simulation are modified to examine the relationships between different variables in the situation, and an analysis is performed on various aspects of the defending ship’s equipment. Finally, the results are presented, along with a brief discussion. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=discrete%20event%20simulation" title="discrete event simulation">discrete event simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Monte%20Carlo%20simulation" title=" Monte Carlo simulation"> Monte Carlo simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=naval%20resource%20management" title=" naval resource management"> naval resource management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=weapon-target%20allocation%2Fassignment" title=" weapon-target allocation/assignment"> weapon-target allocation/assignment</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/159439/a-saturation-attack-simulation-on-a-navy-warship-based-on-discrete-event-simulation-models" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/159439.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">93</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4981</span> Simulation versus Hands-On Learning Methodologies: A Comparative Study for Engineering and Technology Curricula</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammed%20T.%20Taher">Mohammed T. Taher</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Usman%20Ghani"> Usman Ghani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20S.%20Khan"> Ahmed S. Khan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper compares the findings of two studies conducted to determine the effectiveness of simulation-based, hands-on and feedback mechanism on students learning by answering the following questions: 1). Does the use of simulation improve students’ learning outcomes? 2). How do students perceive the instructional design features embedded in the simulation program such as exploration and scaffolding support in learning new concepts? 3.) What is the effect of feedback mechanisms on students’ learning in the use of simulation-based labs? The paper also discusses the other aspects of findings which reveal that simulation by itself is not very effective in promoting student learning. Simulation becomes effective when it is followed by hands-on activity and feedback mechanisms. Furthermore, the paper presents recommendations for improving student learning through the use of simulation-based, hands-on, and feedback-based teaching methodologies. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=simulation-based%20teaching" title="simulation-based teaching">simulation-based teaching</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hands-on%20learning" title=" hands-on learning"> hands-on learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=feedback-based%20learning" title=" feedback-based learning"> feedback-based learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=scaffolding" title=" scaffolding"> scaffolding</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41173/simulation-versus-hands-on-learning-methodologies-a-comparative-study-for-engineering-and-technology-curricula" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41173.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">463</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4980</span> Modelling and Simulation of the Freezing Systems and Heat Pumps Using Unisim® Design</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20Patrascioiu">C. Patrascioiu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The paper describes the modeling and simulation of the heat pumps domain processes. The main objective of the study is the use of the heat pump in propene–propane distillation processes. The modeling and simulation instrument is the Unisim<sup>®</sup> Design simulator. The paper is structured in three parts: An overview of the compressing gases, the modeling and simulation of the freezing systems, and the modeling and simulation of the heat pumps. For each of these systems, there are presented the Unisim<sup>®</sup> Design simulation diagrams, the input–output system structure and the numerical results. Future studies will consider modeling and simulation of the propene–propane distillation process with heat pump. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=distillation" title="distillation">distillation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heat%20pump" title=" heat pump"> heat pump</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=simulation" title=" simulation"> simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=unisim%20design" title=" unisim design"> unisim design</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42425/modelling-and-simulation-of-the-freezing-systems-and-heat-pumps-using-unisim-design" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42425.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">363</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4979</span> Distributed Actor System for Traffic Simulation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Han%20Wang">Han Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhuoxian%20Dai"> Zhuoxian Dai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhe%20Zhu"> Zhe Zhu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hui%20Zhang"> Hui Zhang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhenyu%20Zeng"> Zhenyu Zeng</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In traditional microscopic traffic simulation, various approaches have been suggested to implement the single-agent behaviors about lane changing and intelligent driver model. However, when it comes to very large metropolitan areas, microscopic traffic simulation requires more resources and become time-consuming, then macroscopic traffic simulation aggregate trends of interests rather than individual vehicle traces. In this paper, we describe the architecture and implementation of the actor system of microscopic traffic simulation, which exploits the distributed architecture of modern-day cloud computing. The results demonstrate that our architecture achieves high-performance and outperforms all the other traditional microscopic software in all tasks. To the best of our knowledge, this the first system that enables single-agent behavior in macroscopic traffic simulation. We thus believe it contributes to a new type of system for traffic simulation, which could provide individual vehicle behaviors in microscopic traffic simulation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=actor%20system" title="actor system">actor system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cloud%20computing" title=" cloud computing"> cloud computing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=distributed%20system" title=" distributed system"> distributed system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=traffic%20simulation" title=" traffic simulation"> traffic simulation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/128664/distributed-actor-system-for-traffic-simulation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/128664.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">192</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4978</span> Optimizing Coal Yard Management Using Discrete Event Simulation </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Iqbal%20Felani">Iqbal Felani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A Coal-Fired Power Plant has some integrated facilities to handle coal from three separated coal yards to eight units power plant’s bunker. But nowadays the facilities are not reliable enough for supporting the system. Management planned to invest some facilities to increase the reliability. They also had a plan to make single spesification of coal used all of the units, called Single Quality Coal (SQC). This simulation would compare before and after improvement with two scenarios i.e First In First Out (FIFO) and Last In First Out (LIFO). Some parameters like stay time, reorder point and safety stock is determined by the simulation. Discrete event simulation based software, Flexsim 5.0, is used to help the simulation. Based on the simulation, Single Quality Coal with FIFO scenario has the shortest staytime with 8.38 days. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Coal%20Yard%20Management" title="Coal Yard Management">Coal Yard Management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Discrete%20event%20simulation%20First%20In%20First%20Out" title=" Discrete event simulation First In First Out"> Discrete event simulation First In First Out</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Last%20In%20First%20Out." title=" Last In First Out. "> Last In First Out. </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20725/optimizing-coal-yard-management-using-discrete-event-simulation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20725.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">671</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4977</span> Object-Oriented Programming for Modeling and Simulation of Systems in Physiology</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20Fernandez%20de%20Canete">J. Fernandez de Canete</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Object-oriented modeling is spreading in the current simulation of physiological systems through the use of the individual components of the model and its interconnections to define the underlying dynamic equations. In this paper, we describe the use of both the SIMSCAPE and MODELICA simulation environments in the object-oriented modeling of the closed-loop cardiovascular system. The performance of the controlled system was analyzed by simulation in light of the existing hypothesis and validation tests previously performed with physiological data. The described approach represents a valuable tool in the teaching of physiology for graduate medical students. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=object-oriented%20modeling" title="object-oriented modeling">object-oriented modeling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SIMSCAPE%20simulation%20language" title=" SIMSCAPE simulation language"> SIMSCAPE simulation language</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MODELICA%20simulation%20language" title=" MODELICA simulation language"> MODELICA simulation language</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cardiovascular%20system" title=" cardiovascular system"> cardiovascular system</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28645/object-oriented-programming-for-modeling-and-simulation-of-systems-in-physiology" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28645.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">506</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4976</span> Architecture Design of the Robots Operability Assessment Simulation Testbed</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sang%20Yeong%20Choi">Sang Yeong Choi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Woo%20Sung%20Park"> Woo Sung Park</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents the architecture design of the robot operability assessment simulation testbed (called "ROAST") for the resolution of robot operability problems occurred during interactions between human operators and robots. The basic idea of the ROAST architecture design is to enable the easy composition of legacy or new simulation models according to its purpose. ROAST architecture is based on IEEE1516 High Level Architecture (HLA) of defense modeling and simulation. The ROAST architecture is expected to provide the foundation framework for the easy construction of a simulation testbed to order to assess the robot operability during the robotic system design. Some of ROAST implementations and its usefulness are demonstrated through a simple illustrative example. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=robotic%20system" title="robotic system">robotic system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modeling%20and%20simulation" title=" modeling and simulation"> modeling and simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=simulation%20architecture" title=" simulation architecture"> simulation architecture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=operability%20assessment" title=" operability assessment"> operability assessment</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54046/architecture-design-of-the-robots-operability-assessment-simulation-testbed" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54046.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">365</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4975</span> Role of Discrete Event Simulation in the Assessment and Selection of the Potential Reconfigurable Manufacturing Solutions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohsin%20Raza">Mohsin Raza</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arne%20Bilberg"> Arne Bilberg</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thomas%20Ditlev%20Brun%C3%B8"> Thomas Ditlev Brunø</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ann-Louise%20Andersen"> Ann-Louise Andersen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Filip%20SK%C3%A4rin"> Filip SKärin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Shifting from a dedicated or flexible manufacturing system to a reconfigurable manufacturing system (RMS) requires a significant amount of time, money, and effort. Therefore, it is vital to verify beforehand that the potential reconfigurable solution will be able to achieve the organizational objectives. Discrete event simulation offers the opportunity of assessing several reconfigurable alternatives against the set objectives. This study signifies the importance of using discrete-event simulation as a tool to verify several reconfiguration options. Two different industrial cases have been presented in the study to elaborate on the role of discrete event simulation in the implementation methodology of RMSs. The study concluded that discrete event simulation is one of the important tools to consider in the RMS implementation methodology. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reconfigurable%20manufacturing%20system" title="reconfigurable manufacturing system">reconfigurable manufacturing system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=discrete%20event%20simulation" title=" discrete event simulation"> discrete event simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tecnomatix%20plant%20simulation" title=" Tecnomatix plant simulation"> Tecnomatix plant simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=RMS" title=" RMS"> RMS</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/150254/role-of-discrete-event-simulation-in-the-assessment-and-selection-of-the-potential-reconfigurable-manufacturing-solutions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/150254.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">124</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4974</span> Development of 25A-Size Three-Layer Metal Gasket by Using FEM Simulation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shigeyuki%20Haruyama">Shigeyuki Haruyama</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I%20Made%20Gatot%20Karohika"> I Made Gatot Karohika</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Akinori%20Sato"> Akinori Sato</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Didik%20Nurhadiyanto"> Didik Nurhadiyanto</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ken%20Kaminishi"> Ken Kaminishi </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Contact width and contact stress are important design parameters for optimizing corrugated metal gasket performance based on elastic and plastic contact stress. In this study, we used a three-layer metal gasket with Al, Cu, Ni as the outer layer, respectively. A finite element method was employed to develop simulation solution. The gasket model was simulated by using two simulation stages which are forming and tightening simulation. The simulation result shows that aluminum with tangent modulus, Ehal = Eal/150 has the highest slope for contact width. The slope of contact width for plastic mode gasket was higher than the elastic mode gasket. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=contact%20width" title="contact width">contact width</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=contact%20stress" title=" contact stress"> contact stress</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=layer" title=" layer"> layer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metal%20gasket" title=" metal gasket"> metal gasket</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corrugated" title=" corrugated"> corrugated</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=simulation" title=" simulation"> simulation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42429/development-of-25a-size-three-layer-metal-gasket-by-using-fem-simulation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42429.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">527</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4973</span> Enhancing Building Performance Simulation Through Artificial Intelligence</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thamer%20Mahmmoud%20Muhammad%20Al%20Jbarat">Thamer Mahmmoud Muhammad Al Jbarat</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Building Performance Simulation plays a crucial role in optimizing energy efficiency, comfort, and sustainability in buildings. This paper explores the integration of Artificial Intelligence techniques into Building Performance Simulation to enhance accuracy, efficiency, and adaptability. The synthesis of Artificial Intelligence and Building Performance Simulation offers promising avenues for addressing complex building dynamics, optimizing energy consumption, and improving occupants' comfort. This paper examines various Artificial Intelligence methodologies and their applications in Building Performance Simulation, highlighting their potential benefits and challenges. Through a comprehensive review of existing literature and case studies, this paper presents insights into the current state, future directions, and implications of Artificial Intelligence driven Building Performance Simulation on the built environment <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=artificial%20intelligence" title="artificial intelligence">artificial intelligence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=building%20performance" title=" building performance"> building performance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20efficiency" title=" energy efficiency"> energy efficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=building%20performance%20simulation" title=" building performance simulation"> building performance simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=buildings%20sustainability" title=" buildings sustainability"> buildings sustainability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=built%20environment." title=" built environment."> built environment.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/189245/enhancing-building-performance-simulation-through-artificial-intelligence" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/189245.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">26</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4972</span> The Use of Simulation Programs of Leakage of Harmful Substances for Crisis Management</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ji%C5%99%C3%AD%20Barta">Jiří Barta</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The paper deals with simulation programs of spread of harmful substances. Air pollution has a direct impact on the quality of human life and environmental protection is currently a very hot topic. Therefore, the paper focuses on the simulation of release of harmful substances. The first part of article deals with perspectives and possibilities of implementation outputs of simulations programs into the system which is education and of practical training of the management staff during emergency events in the frame of critical infrastructure. The last part shows the practical testing and evaluation of simulation programs. Of the tested simulations software been selected Symos97. The tool offers advanced features for setting leakage. Gradually allows the user to model the terrain, location, and method of escape of harmful substances. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Computer%20Simulation" title="Computer Simulation">Computer Simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Symos97" title=" Symos97"> Symos97</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Spread" title=" Spread"> Spread</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Simulation%20Software" title=" Simulation Software"> Simulation Software</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Harmful%20Substances" title=" Harmful Substances"> Harmful Substances</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/38195/the-use-of-simulation-programs-of-leakage-of-harmful-substances-for-crisis-management" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/38195.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">299</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4971</span> Resource Allocation Modeling and Simulation in Border Security Application</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kai%20Jin">Kai Jin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hua%20Li"> Hua Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Qing%20Song"> Qing Song</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Homeland security and border safety is an issue for any country. This paper takes the border security of US as an example to discuss the usage and efficiency of simulation tools in the homeland security application. In this study, available resources and different illegal infiltration parameters are defined, including their individual behavior and objective, in order to develop a model that describes border patrol system. A simulation model is created in Arena. This simulation model is used to study the dynamic activities in the border security. Possible factors that may affect the effectiveness of the border patrol system are proposed. Individual and factorial analysis of these factors is conducted and some suggestions are made. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=resource%20optimization" title="resource optimization">resource optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=simulation" title=" simulation"> simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modeling" title=" modeling"> modeling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=border%20security" title=" border security"> border security</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12476/resource-allocation-modeling-and-simulation-in-border-security-application" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12476.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">517</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4970</span> Simulation for Squat Exercise of an Active Controlled Vibration Isolation and Stabilization System for Astronaut’s Exercise Platform</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ziraguen%20O.%20Williams">Ziraguen O. Williams</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shield%20B.%20Lin"> Shield B. Lin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fouad%20N.%20Matari"> Fouad N. Matari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Leslie%20J.%20Quiocho"> Leslie J. Quiocho</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In a task to assist NASA in analyzing the dynamic forces caused by operational countermeasures of an astronaut’s exercise platform impacting the spacecraft, feedback delay, and signal noise were added to a simulation model of an active-controlled vibration isolation system to regulate the movement of the exercise platform. Previous simulation work was conducted primarily via MATLAB/Simulink. Two additional simulation tools used in this study were Trick and MBDyn, NASA co-developed software simulation environments. Simulation results obtained from these three tools were very similar. All simulation results support the hypothesis that an active-controlled vibration isolation system outperforms a passive-controlled system even with the addition of feedback delay and signal noise to the active-controlled system. In this paper, squat exercise was used in creating excited force to the simulation model. The exciter force from a squat exercise was calculated from the motion capture of an exerciser. The simulation results demonstrate much greater transmitted force reduction in the active-controlled system than the passive-controlled system. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=control" title="control">control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=counterweight" title=" counterweight"> counterweight</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=isolation" title=" isolation"> isolation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vibration" title=" vibration"> vibration</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/147104/simulation-for-squat-exercise-of-an-active-controlled-vibration-isolation-and-stabilization-system-for-astronauts-exercise-platform" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/147104.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">113</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4969</span> Introducing and Effectiveness Evaluation of Innovative Logistics System Simulation Teaching: Theoretical Integration and Verification</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tsai-Pei%20Liu">Tsai-Pei Liu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhi-Rou%20Zheng"> Zhi-Rou Zheng</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tzu-Tzu%20Wen"> Tzu-Tzu Wen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Innovative logistics system simulation teaching is to extract the characteristics of the system through simulation methodology. The system has randomness and interaction problems in the execution time. Therefore, the simulation model can usually deal with more complex logistics process problems, giving students different learning modes. Students have more autonomy in learning time and learning progress. System simulation has become a new educational tool, but it still needs to accept many tests to use it in the teaching field. Although many business management departments in Taiwan have started to promote, this kind of simulation system teaching is still not popular, and the prerequisite for popularization is to be supported by students. This research uses an extension of Integration Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT2) to explore the acceptance of students in universities of science and technology to use system simulation as a learning tool. At the same time, it is hoped that this innovation can explore the effectiveness of the logistics system simulation after the introduction of teaching. The results indicated the significant influence of performance expectancy, social influence and learning value on students’ intention towards confirmed the influence of facilitating conditions and behavioral intention. The extended UTAUT2 framework helps in understanding students’ perceived value in the innovative logistics system teaching context. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=UTAUT2" title="UTAUT2">UTAUT2</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=logistics%20system%20simulation" title=" logistics system simulation"> logistics system simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=learning%20value" title=" learning value"> learning value</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Taiwan" title=" Taiwan"> Taiwan</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165685/introducing-and-effectiveness-evaluation-of-innovative-logistics-system-simulation-teaching-theoretical-integration-and-verification" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165685.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">115</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4968</span> The Use of Computer Simulation as Technological Education for Crisis Management Staff</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ji%C5%99%C3%AD%20Barta">Jiří Barta</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Josef%20Krahulec"> Josef Krahulec</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ji%C5%99%C3%AD%20F.%20Urb%C3%A1nek"> Jiří F. Urbánek</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Education and practical training crisis management members are a topical issue nowadays. The paper deals with the perspectives and possibilities of ‘smart solutions’ to education for crisis management staff. Currently, there are a large number of simulation tools, which notes that they are suitable for practical training of crisis management staff. The first part of the paper is focused on the introduction of the technology simulation tools. The simulators aim is to create a realistic environment for the practical training of extending units of crisis staff. The second part of the paper concerns the possibilities of using the simulation technology to the education process. The aim of this section is to introduce the practical capabilities and potential of the simulation programs for practical training of crisis management staff. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crisis%20management%20staff" title="crisis management staff">crisis management staff</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=computer%20simulation" title=" computer simulation"> computer simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=software" title=" software"> software</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=technological%20education" title=" technological education"> technological education</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39792/the-use-of-computer-simulation-as-technological-education-for-crisis-management-staff" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39792.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">355</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4967</span> Planning of Construction Material Flow Using Hybrid Simulation Modeling </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20M.%20Naraghi">A. M. Naraghi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20Gonzalez"> V. Gonzalez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20O%27Sullivan"> M. O'Sullivan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20G.%20Walker"> C. G. Walker</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Poshdar"> M. Poshdar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20Ying"> F. Ying</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Abdelmegid"> M. Abdelmegid</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Discrete Event Simulation (DES) and Agent Based Simulation (ABS) are two simulation approaches that have been proposed to support decision-making in the construction industry. Despite the wide use of these simulation approaches in the construction field, their applications for production and material planning is still limited. This is largely due to the dynamic and complex nature of construction material supply chain systems. Moreover, managing the flow of construction material is not well integrated with site logistics in traditional construction planning methods. This paper presents a hybrid of DES and ABS to simulate on-site and off-site material supply processes. DES is applied to determine the best production scenarios with information of on-site production systems, while ABS is used to optimize the supply chain network. A case study of a construction piling project in New Zealand is presented illustrating the potential benefits of using the proposed hybrid simulation model in construction material flow planning. The hybrid model presented can be used to evaluate the impact of different decisions on construction supply chain management. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=construction%20supply-chain%20management" title="construction supply-chain management">construction supply-chain management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=simulation%20modeling" title=" simulation modeling"> simulation modeling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=decision-support%20tools" title=" decision-support tools"> decision-support tools</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hybrid%20simulation" title=" hybrid simulation"> hybrid simulation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/103280/planning-of-construction-material-flow-using-hybrid-simulation-modeling" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/103280.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">207</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4966</span> Study on Beta-Ray Detection System in Water Using a MCNP Simulation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ki%20Hyun%20Park">Ki Hyun Park</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hye%20Min%20Park"> Hye Min Park</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jeong%20Ho%20Kim"> Jeong Ho Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chan%20Jong%20Park"> Chan Jong Park</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Koan%20Sik%20Joo"> Koan Sik Joo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the modern days, the use of radioactive substances is on the rise in the areas like chemical weaponry, industrial usage, and power plants. Although there are various technologies available to detect and monitor radioactive substances in the air, the technologies to detect underwater radioactive substances are scarce. In this study, computer simulation of the underwater detection system measuring beta-ray, a radioactive substance, has been done through MCNP. CaF₂, YAP(Ce) and YAG(Ce) have been used in the computer simulation to detect beta-ray as scintillator. Also, the source used in the computer simulation is Sr-90 and Y-90, both of them emitting only pure beta-ray. The distance between the source and the detector was shifted from 1mm to 10mm by 1 mm in the computer simulation. The result indicated that Sr-90 was impossible to measure below 1 mm since its emission energy is low while Y-90 was able to be measured up to 10mm underwater. In addition, the detector designed with CaF₂ had the highest efficiency among 3 scintillators used in the computer simulation. Since it was possible to verify the detectable range and the detection efficiency according to modeling through MCNP simulation, it is expected that such result will reduce the time and cost in building the actual beta-ray detector and evaluating its performances, thereby contributing the research and development. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Beta-ray" title="Beta-ray">Beta-ray</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CaF%E2%82%82" title=" CaF₂"> CaF₂</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=detector" title=" detector"> detector</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MCNP%20simulation" title=" MCNP simulation"> MCNP simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=scintillator" title=" scintillator"> scintillator</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53352/study-on-beta-ray-detection-system-in-water-using-a-mcnp-simulation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53352.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">510</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4965</span> Building a Stochastic Simulation Model for Blue Crab Population Evolution in Antinioti Lagoon</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nikolaos%20Simantiris">Nikolaos Simantiris</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Markos%20Avlonitis"> Markos Avlonitis</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This work builds a simulation platform, modeling the spatial diffusion of the invasive species Callinectes sapidus (blue crab) as a random walk, incorporating also generation, fatality, and fishing rates modeling the time evolution of its population. Antinioti lagoon in West Greece was used as a testbed for applying the simulation model. Field measurements from June 2020 to June 2021 on the lagoon’s setting, bathymetry, and blue crab juveniles provided the initial population simulation of blue crabs, as well as biological parameters from the current literature were used to calibrate simulation parameters. The scope of this study is to render the authors able to predict the evolution of the blue crab population in confined environments of the Ionian Islands region in West Greece. The first result of the simulation experiments shows the possibility for a robust prediction for blue crab population evolution in the Antinioti lagoon. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antinioti%20lagoon" title="antinioti lagoon">antinioti lagoon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=blue%20crab" title=" blue crab"> blue crab</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stochastic%20simulation" title=" stochastic simulation"> stochastic simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=random%20walk" title=" random walk"> random walk</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/140487/building-a-stochastic-simulation-model-for-blue-crab-population-evolution-in-antinioti-lagoon" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/140487.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">230</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4964</span> Evaluation of Progressive Collapse of Transmission Tower</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jeong-Hwan%20Choi">Jeong-Hwan Choi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hyo-Sang%20Park"> Hyo-Sang Park</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tae-Hyung%20Lee"> Tae-Hyung Lee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The transmission tower is one of the crucial lifeline structures in a modern society, and it needs to be protected against extreme loading conditions. However, the transmission tower is a very complex structure and, therefore, it is very difficult to simulate the actual damage and the collapse behavior of the tower structure. In this study, the actual collapse behavior of the transmission tower due to lateral loading conditions such as wind load is evaluated through the computational simulation. For that, a progressive collapse procedure is applied to the simulation. In this procedure, after running the simulation, if a member of the tower structure fails, the failed member is removed and the simulation run again. The 154kV transmission tower is selected for this study. The simulation is performed by nonlinear static analysis procedure, namely pushover analysis, using OpenSEES, an earthquake simulation platform. Three-dimensional finite element models of those towers are developed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transmission%20tower" title="transmission tower">transmission tower</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=OpenSEES" title=" OpenSEES"> OpenSEES</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pushover" title=" pushover"> pushover</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=progressive%20collapse" title=" progressive collapse"> progressive collapse</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56404/evaluation-of-progressive-collapse-of-transmission-tower" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56404.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">357</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4963</span> The Technological Problem of Simulation of the Logistics Center</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Juraj%20Camaj">Juraj Camaj</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anna%20Dolinayova"> Anna Dolinayova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jana%20Lalinska"> Jana Lalinska</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Miroslav%20Bariak"> Miroslav Bariak</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Planning of infrastructure and processes in logistic center within the frame of various kinds of logistic hubs and technological activities in them represent quite complex problem. The main goal is to design appropriate layout, which enables to realize expected operation on the desired levels. The simulation software represents progressive contemporary experimental technique, which can support complex processes of infrastructure planning and all of activities on it. It means that simulation experiments, reflecting various planned infrastructure variants, investigate and verify their eligibilities in relation with corresponding expected operation. The inducted approach enables to make qualified decisions about infrastructure investments or measures, which derive benefit from simulation-based verifications. The paper represents simulation software for simulation infrastructural layout and technological activities in marshalling yard, intermodal terminal, warehouse and combination between them as the parts of logistic center. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=marshalling%20yard" title="marshalling yard">marshalling yard</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intermodal%20terminal" title=" intermodal terminal"> intermodal terminal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=warehouse" title=" warehouse"> warehouse</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transport%20technology" title=" transport technology"> transport technology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=simulation" title=" simulation"> simulation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23281/the-technological-problem-of-simulation-of-the-logistics-center" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23281.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">521</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4962</span> Study of Transport in Electronic Devices with Stochastic Monte Carlo Method: Modeling and Simulation along with Submicron Gate (Lg=0.5um)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Massoum">N. Massoum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Bouazza"> B. Bouazza</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, we have developed a numerical simulation model to describe the electrical properties of GaInP MESFET with submicron gate (Lg = 0.5 µm). This model takes into account the three-dimensional (3D) distribution of the load in the short channel and the law effect of mobility as a function of electric field. Simulation software based on a stochastic method such as Monte Carlo has been established. The results are discussed and compared with those of the experiment. The result suggests experimentally that, in a very small gate length in our devices (smaller than 40 nm), short-channel tunneling explains the degradation of transistor performance, which was previously enhanced by velocity overshoot. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Monte%20Carlo%20simulation" title="Monte Carlo simulation">Monte Carlo simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transient%20electron%20transport" title=" transient electron transport"> transient electron transport</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MESFET%20device" title=" MESFET device"> MESFET device</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=simulation%20software" title=" simulation software"> simulation software</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19931/study-of-transport-in-electronic-devices-with-stochastic-monte-carlo-method-modeling-and-simulation-along-with-submicron-gate-lg05um" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19931.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">513</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4961</span> Analytical Investigation of Modeling and Simulation of Different Combinations of Sinusoidal Supplied Autotransformer under Linear Loading Conditions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Salih%20Taci">M. Salih Taci</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Tayebi"> N. Tayebi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I.%20Bozk%C4%B1r"> I. Bozkır</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper investigates the operation of a sinusoidal supplied autotransformer on the different states of magnetic polarity of primary and secondary terminals for four different step-up and step-down analytical conditions. In this paper, a new analytical modeling and equations for dot-marked and polarity-based step-up and step-down autotransformer are presented. These models are validated by the simulation of current and voltage waveforms for each state. PSpice environment was used for simulation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=autotransformer%20modeling" title="autotransformer modeling">autotransformer modeling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=autotransformer%20simulation" title=" autotransformer simulation"> autotransformer simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=step-up%20autotransformer" title=" step-up autotransformer"> step-up autotransformer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=step-down%20autotransformer" title=" step-down autotransformer"> step-down autotransformer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polarity" title=" polarity"> polarity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76475/analytical-investigation-of-modeling-and-simulation-of-different-combinations-of-sinusoidal-supplied-autotransformer-under-linear-loading-conditions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76475.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">319</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4960</span> Coding Structures for Seated Row Simulation of an Active Controlled Vibration Isolation and Stabilization System for Astronaut’s Exercise Platform</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ziraguen%20O.%20Williams">Ziraguen O. Williams</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shield%20B.%20Lin"> Shield B. Lin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fouad%20N.%20Matari"> Fouad N. Matari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Leslie%20J.%20Quiocho"> Leslie J. Quiocho</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Simulation for seated row exercise was a continued task to assist NASA in analyzing a one-dimensional vibration isolation and stabilization system for astronaut’s exercise platform. Feedback delay and signal noise were added to the model as previously done in simulation for squat exercise. Simulation runs for this study were conducted in two software simulation tools, Trick and MBDyn, software simulation environments developed at the NASA Johnson Space Center. The exciter force in the simulation was calculated from the motion capture of an exerciser during a seated row exercise. The simulation runs include passive control, active control using a Proportional, Integral, Derivative (PID) controller, and active control using a Piecewise Linear Integral Derivative (PWLID) controller. Output parameters include displacements of the exercise platform, the exerciser, and the counterweight; transmitted force to the wall of spacecraft; and actuator force to the platform. The simulation results showed excellent force reduction in the actively controlled system compared to the passive controlled system, which showed less force reduction. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=control" title="control">control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=counterweight" title=" counterweight"> counterweight</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=isolation" title=" isolation"> isolation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vibration." title=" vibration."> vibration.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/154195/coding-structures-for-seated-row-simulation-of-an-active-controlled-vibration-isolation-and-stabilization-system-for-astronauts-exercise-platform" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/154195.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">140</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4959</span> Role of Feedbacks in Simulation-Based Learning</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Usman%20Ghani">Usman Ghani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Feedback is a vital element for improving student learning in a simulation-based training as it guides and refines learning through scaffolding. A number of studies in literature have shown that students’ learning is enhanced when feedback is provided with personalized tutoring that offers specific guidance and adapts feedback to the learner in a one-to-one environment. Thus, emulating these adaptive aspects of human tutoring in simulation provides an effective methodology to train individuals. This paper presents the results of a study that investigated the effectiveness of automating different types of feedback techniques such as Knowledge-of-Correct-Response (KCR) and Answer-Until- Correct (AUC) in software simulation for learning basic information technology concepts. For the purpose of comparison, techniques like simulation with zero or no-feedback (NFB) and traditional hands-on (HON) learning environments are also examined. The paper presents the summary of findings based on quantitative analyses which reveal that the simulation based instructional strategies are at least as effective as hands-on teaching methodologies for the purpose of learning of IT concepts. The paper also compares the results of the study with the earlier studies and recommends strategies for using feedback mechanism to improve students’ learning in designing and simulation-based IT training. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=simulation" title="simulation">simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=feedback" title=" feedback"> feedback</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=training" title=" training"> training</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hands-on" title=" hands-on"> hands-on</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=labs" title=" labs"> labs</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41832/role-of-feedbacks-in-simulation-based-learning" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41832.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">377</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4958</span> Numerical Simulation and Experimental Study on Cable Damage Detection Using an MFL Technique</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jooyoung%20Park">Jooyoung Park</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Junkyeong%20Kim"> Junkyeong Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aoqi%20Zhang"> Aoqi Zhang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seunghee%20Park"> Seunghee Park</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Non-destructive testing on cable is in great demand due to safety accidents at sites where many equipments using cables are installed. In this paper, the quantitative change of the obtained signal was analyzed using a magnetic flux leakage (MFL) method. A two-dimensional simulation was conducted with a FEM model replicating real elevator cables. The simulation data were compared for three parameters (depth of defect, width of defect and inspection velocity). Then, an experiment on same conditions was carried out to verify the results of the simulation. Signals obtained from both the simulation and the experiment were transformed to characterize the properties of the damage. Throughout the results, a cable damage detection based on an MFL method was confirmed to be feasible. In further study, it is expected that the MFL signals of an entire specimen will be gained and visualized as well. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=magnetic%20flux%20leakage%20%28mfl%29" title="magnetic flux leakage (mfl)">magnetic flux leakage (mfl)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cable%20damage%20detection" title=" cable damage detection"> cable damage detection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-destructive%20testing" title=" non-destructive testing"> non-destructive testing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=numerical%20simulation" title=" numerical simulation"> numerical simulation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57255/numerical-simulation-and-experimental-study-on-cable-damage-detection-using-an-mfl-technique" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57255.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">383</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4957</span> Evaluation of Practicality of On-Demand Bus Using Actual Taxi-Use Data through Exhaustive Simulations</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jun-ichi%20Ochiai">Jun-ichi Ochiai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Itsuki%20Noda"> Itsuki Noda</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ryo%20Kanamori"> Ryo Kanamori</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Keiji%20Hirata"> Keiji Hirata</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hitoshi%20Matsubara"> Hitoshi Matsubara</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hideyuki%20Nakashima"> Hideyuki Nakashima</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We conducted exhaustive simulations for data assimilation and evaluation of service quality for various setting in a new shared transportation system, called SAVS. Computational social simulation is a key technology to design recent social services like SAVS as new transportation service. One open issue in SAVS was to determine the service scale through the social simulation. Using our exhaustive simulation framework, OACIS, we did data-assimilation and evaluation of effects of SAVS based on actual tax-use data at Tajimi city, Japan. Finally, we get the conditions to realize the new service in a reasonable service quality. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=on-demand%20bus%20sytem" title="on-demand bus sytem">on-demand bus sytem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20simulation" title=" social simulation"> social simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=data%20assimilation" title=" data assimilation"> data assimilation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=exhaustive%20simulation" title=" exhaustive simulation"> exhaustive simulation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67906/evaluation-of-practicality-of-on-demand-bus-using-actual-taxi-use-data-through-exhaustive-simulations" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67906.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">321</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4956</span> Practical Application of Business Processes Simulation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Gregu%C5%A1ov%C3%A1">M. Gregušová</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20Schindlerov%C3%A1"> V. Schindlerová</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I.%20%C5%A0ajdlerov%C3%A1"> I. Šajdlerová</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Mohyla"> P. Mohyla</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20Kedro%C5%88"> J. Kedroň</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Company managers are always looking for more and more opportunities to succeed in today's fiercely competitive market. Maintain your place among the successful companies on the market today or come up with a revolutionary business idea; it is much more difficult than before. Each new or improved method, tools, or the approach that can improve the functioning of business processes or even the entire system is worth checking and verification. The use of simulation in the design of manufacturing systems and their management in practice is one of the ways without increased risk to find the optimal parameters of manufacturing processes and systems. The paper presents an example of using simulation to solve the bottleneck problem in concrete company. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=practical%20applications" title="practical applications">practical applications</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=business%20processes" title=" business processes"> business processes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=systems" title=" systems"> systems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=simulation" title=" simulation"> simulation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6408/practical-application-of-business-processes-simulation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6408.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">638</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4955</span> Simulation Of Silicon Window Layers For Solar Cells Based Sige </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Boukais%20Meriem">Boukais Meriem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Dennai"> B. Dennai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Ould-Abbas"> A. Ould-Abbas</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The efficiency of SiGe solar cells might be improved by a wide-band-gap window layer. In this work we were simulated using the one dimensional simulation program called analysis of microelectronic and photonic structures (AMPS-1D). In the simulation, the thickness of silicon window was varied from 80 to 150 nm. The rest of layer’s thicknesses were kept constant, by varying thickness of window layer the simulated device performance was demonstrate in the form of current-voltage (I-V) characteristics and quantum efficiency (QE). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SiGe" title="SiGe">SiGe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=AMPS-1D" title=" AMPS-1D"> AMPS-1D</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=simulation" title=" simulation"> simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conversion" title=" conversion"> conversion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=efficiency" title=" efficiency"> efficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quantum%20efficiency" title=" quantum efficiency"> quantum efficiency</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19153/simulation-of-silicon-window-layers-for-solar-cells-based-sige" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19153.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">805</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MHD%20simulation&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MHD%20simulation&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MHD%20simulation&page=4">4</a></li> <li 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