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<button aria-controls="toc-Values-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Values subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Values-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Nasalization" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nasalization"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Nasalization</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nasalization-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Length" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Length"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Length</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Length-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lowered_articulation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lowered_articulation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Lowered articulation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lowered_articulation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Similar_diacritics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Similar_diacritics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Similar diacritics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Similar_diacritics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Similar diacritics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Similar_diacritics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-E_caudata_and_o_caudata" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#E_caudata_and_o_caudata"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>E caudata and o caudata</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-E_caudata_and_o_caudata-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cedilla_and_comma" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cedilla_and_comma"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Cedilla and comma</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cedilla_and_comma-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Superscript_ogonek" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Superscript_ogonek"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Superscript ogonek</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Superscript_ogonek-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Letters_with_ogonek" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Letters_with_ogonek"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Letters with ogonek</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Letters_with_ogonek-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Typographical_notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Typographical_notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Typographical notes</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Typographical_notes-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Typographical notes subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Typographical_notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Encoding" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Encoding"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Encoding</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Encoding-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-LaTeX2e" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#LaTeX2e"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>LaTeX2e</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-LaTeX2e-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> 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Available in 29 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-29" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">29 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ogonek" title="Ogonek – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Ogonek" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ogonek" title="Ogonek – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Ogonek" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oc%C3%A1sek_(diakritika)" title="Ocásek (diakritika) – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Ocásek (diakritika)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ogonek" title="Ogonek – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Ogonek" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ogonek" title="Ogonek – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Ogonek" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9F%CE%B3%CE%BA%CF%8C%CE%BD%CE%B5%CE%BA" title="Ογκόνεκ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ογκόνεκ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ogonek" title="Ogonek – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ogonek" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ogoneko" title="Ogoneko – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ogoneko" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DA%AF%D9%86%DA%A9" title="اگنک – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اگنک" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ogonek" title="Ogonek – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Ogonek" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ogonek" title="Ogonek – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Ogonek" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ogonek" title="Ogonek – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Ogonek" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Codetta" title="Codetta – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Codetta" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%96%D7%A0%D7%91%D7%95%D7%9F" title="זנבון – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="זנבון" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nosin%C4%97_(diakritinis_%C5%BEenklas)" title="Nosinė (diakritinis ženklas) – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Nosinė (diakritinis ženklas)" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ogonek" title="Ogonek – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Ogonek" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AA%E3%82%B4%E3%83%8D%E3%82%AF" title="オゴネク – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="オゴネク" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kvist_(diakritisk_tegn)" title="Kvist (diakritisk tegn) – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Kvist (diakritisk tegn)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ogonek" title="Ogonek – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Ogonek" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ogonek" title="Ogonek – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ogonek" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8D%D0%BA" title="Огонэк – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Огонэк" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/No%C5%BEi%C4%8Dka" title="Nožička – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Nožička" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-srn mw-list-item"><a href="https://srn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ogonek" title="Ogonek – Sranan Tongo" lang="srn" hreflang="srn" data-title="Ogonek" data-language-autonym="Sranantongo" data-language-local-name="Sranan Tongo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sranantongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ogonek" title="Ogonek – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ogonek" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svans_(diakritiskt_tecken)" title="Svans (diakritiskt tecken) – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Svans (diakritiskt tecken)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%81" title="ออกอแนก – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ออกอแนก" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BA" title="Огонек – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Огонек" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coeta" title="Coeta – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Coeta" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E5%B0%BE%E5%BD%A2%E7%AC%A6" title="反尾形符 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="反尾形符" 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searchaux" style="display:none">Diacritic in the form of a small curl at the bottom (or rarely the top) of a letter</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the periodical, see <a href="/wiki/Ogoniok" title="Ogoniok">Ogoniok</a>. For the song, see <a href="/wiki/Ogonek_(song)" title="Ogonek (song)">Ogonek (song)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the similar looking diacritics, see <a href="/wiki/Cedilla" title="Cedilla">Cedilla</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Ogonek" title="Special:EditPage/Ogonek">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Ogonek%22">"Ogonek"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Ogonek%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Ogonek%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Ogonek%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Ogonek%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Ogonek%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">September 2007</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox" style="max-width:18em;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background:#ebebeb; font-size:750%; line-height:1.2; font-weight:bold; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times, 'Nimbus Roman No9 L', 'Liberation Serif', serif, georgia;">◌̨</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><div style="font-size:125%; background:#ebebeb; font-weight:bold; padding:0.1em; line-height:1.2em;">Ogonek</div></th></tr><tr style="float:left;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="nowrap"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886049734">.mw-parser-output .monospaced{font-family:monospace,monospace}</style><span class="monospaced">U+0328</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">◌̨̨</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">COMBINING OGONEK</span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><div style="background:#ebebeb;padding:0 0 0.4em;line-height:1.2em;"> <table align="center" style="display:table;padding:0;background:transparent;width:100%"> <tbody><tr style="font-size: 300%; text-align: center; line-height: 0.01; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, 'Nimbus Roman No9 L', 'Liberation Serif', serif, georgia;"> <th style="padding:0.5em 0.1em; min-width:1.0em; text-align: center;">◌᷎ </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th style="padding:0.2em; text-align: center;"><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+1DCE</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em"><span style="font-family: serif;">◌᷎</span></span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">COMBINING OGONEK ABOVE</span> </th></tr></tbody></table></div></th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">See also</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+02DB</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">˛</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">OGONEK</span> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">&ogon;</span>), spacing</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b><span title="Polish-language text"><i lang="pl">ogonek</i></span></b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/ɡ/: 'g' in 'guy'">ɡ</span><span title="/ɒ/: 'o' in 'body'">ɒ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="/ɛ/: 'e' in 'dress'">ɛ</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span></span>,<span class="wrap"> </span>-<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling">ə-<span style="font-size:90%">GON</span>-ek, -⁠ək</i></a>; <small>Polish:</small> <span class="IPA" lang="pl-fonipa" style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Polish" title="Help:IPA/Polish">[ɔˈɡɔnɛk]</a></span>, "little tail", <a href="/wiki/Diminutive" title="Diminutive">diminutive</a> of <span title="Polish-language text"><i lang="pl">ogon</i></span>) is a <a href="/wiki/Diacritic" title="Diacritic">diacritic</a> hook placed under the lower right corner of a vowel in the <a href="/wiki/Latin_alphabet" title="Latin alphabet">Latin alphabet</a> used in several <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">European</a> languages, and directly under a vowel in several <a href="/wiki/Native_American_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Native American languages">Native American languages</a>. It is also placed on the lower right corner of consonants in some Latin transcriptions of various indigenous languages of the <a href="/wiki/Caucasus" title="Caucasus">Caucasus</a> mountains.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="What does it signify there? (December 2018)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>An ogonek can also be attached to the bottom of a vowel in <a href="/wiki/Old_Norse" title="Old Norse">Old Norse</a> or <a href="/wiki/Icelandic_language" title="Icelandic language">Old Icelandic</a> to show length or vowel <a href="/wiki/Affection_(linguistics)" title="Affection (linguistics)">affection</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For example, in Old Norse, <i>ǫ</i> represents the Old Norwegian vowel <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɔ]</span>, which in Old Icelandic merges with <i><a href="/wiki/%C3%98" title="Ø">ø</a></i> ‹ö› and in modern Scandinavian languages is represented by the letter <i><a href="/wiki/%C3%85" title="Å">å</a></i>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Use">Use</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ogonek&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Use"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avestan_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Avestan language">Avestan</a> romanization (letters <i>ą</i>, <i>ą̇</i>, <i>m̨</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cahto_language" title="Cahto language">Cahto</a> (<i>ą</i>, <i>ę</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cayuga_language" title="Cayuga language">Cayuga</a> (<i>ę</i>, <i>ǫ</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chickasaw_language" title="Chickasaw language">Chickasaw</a> (<i>ą</i>, <i>į</i>, <i>ǫ</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chipewyan_language" title="Chipewyan language">Chipewyan</a> (<i>ą ąą ę ęę ę̈ ę̈ę̈ ı̨ ı̨ı̨ ǫ ǫǫ ų ųų</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dadibi_language" title="Dadibi language">Dadibi</a> (<i>ą</i>, <i>ę</i>, <i>į</i>, <i>ǫ</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dogrib_language" title="Dogrib language">Dogrib</a> (<i>ą</i>, <i>ąą</i>, <i>ę</i>, <i>ęę</i>, <i>ı̨</i>, <i>ı̨ı̨</i>, <i>ǫ</i>, <i>ǫǫ</i>, <i>ų</i>, <i>ųų</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elfdalian_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Elfdalian language">Elfdalian</a> (<i>ą</i>, <i>ę</i>, <i>į</i>, <i>ų</i>, <i>y̨</i> and <i>ą̊</i>)</li> <li>some romanizations of <a href="/wiki/Iota_subscript" title="Iota subscript">Ancient Greek</a> (<i>ą</i>, <i>ę</i>, <i>ǫ</i>)<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winnebago_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Winnebago language">Ho-Chunk</a> (<i>ą</i>, <i>ąą</i>, <i>į</i>, <i>įį</i>, <i>ų</i>, <i>ųų</i>)<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>etymological <a href="/wiki/Interslavic" title="Interslavic">Interslavic</a> (<i>ę</i>, <i>ų</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashubian_language" title="Kashubian language">Kashubian</a> (<i>ą</i>)</li> <li>scholarly transcriptions of <a href="/wiki/Vulgar_Latin" title="Vulgar Latin">Vulgar Latin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Romance_languages#Stressed_vowels" title="Romance languages">Proto-Romance</a> (<i>ę, ǫ</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_language" title="Lithuanian language">Lithuanian</a> (<i>ą</i>, <i>ę</i>, <i>į</i>, <i>ų</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navajo_language" title="Navajo language">Navajo</a> (<i>ą ą́ ąą ą́ą́ ę ę́ ęę ę́ę́ į į́ įį į́į́ ǫ ǫ́ ǫǫ ǫ́ǫ́</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ojibwe_language" title="Ojibwe language">Ojibwe</a> in older Romanization standards, representing either <a href="/wiki/Nasalization" title="Nasalization">nasalization</a> or <a href="/wiki/Fronting_(sound_change)" title="Fronting (sound change)">vowel backing</a> (<i>ą</i>, <i>ąą</i>, <i>ą́</i>, <i>ę</i>, <i>įį</i>, <i>ǫǫ</i>)</li> <li>scholarly transcriptions of <a href="/wiki/Old_Church_Slavonic" title="Old Church Slavonic">Old Church Slavonic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Proto-Slavic_language" title="Proto-Slavic language">Proto-Slavic</a> (<i>ę</i>, <i>ǫ</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Norse" title="Old Norse">Old Norse</a> (<i>ǫ</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɔ]</span>, <i>ǫ́</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɔː]</span>, <i>o᷎</i>, <i>ǫ᷎</i>),<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<i>ę</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɛ]</span>, <i>æ</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɛː]</span>), (Alternatively, <i>ą</i>, etc. instead represent any nasalized vowel (<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ã]</span>, etc.) corresponding to the Norse runic letter <a href="/wiki/%C3%81ss" class="mw-redirect" title="Áss">Áss</a> and the Proto-Norse runic letter <a href="/wiki/Ansuz_(rune)" title="Ansuz (rune)">AnsuR</a>.) Also (<i>t̨</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Norwegian" title="Old Norwegian">Old Norwegian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Old_Icelandic" class="mw-redirect" title="Old Icelandic">Old Icelandic</a> (<i>æ̨</i>, <i>ø̨</i>, <i>a᷎</i>, <i>e᷎</i>, <i>i᷎</i>, <i>o᷎</i>, <i>ø᷎</i>, <i>u᷎</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onondaga_language" title="Onondaga language">Onondaga</a> dialects (<i>ę</i>, <i>ǫ</i>), (Alternatively, <i>eñ</i> and <i>oñ</i> can also be used. <i>ų</i> is sometimes used for <i>ǫ</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_language" title="Polish language">Polish</a> (letters <i><a href="/wiki/%C4%84" title="Ą">ą</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/%C4%98" title="Ę">ę</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rheinische_Dokumenta" title="Rheinische Dokumenta">Rheinische Dokumenta</a> (<i>ą̈</i>, <i>ǫ</i>, <i>ǫ̈</i>, <i>ą̈ą̈</i>, <i>ǫǫ</i>, <i>ǫ̈ǫ̈</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sierra_Otomi" title="Sierra Otomi">Sierra Otomi</a> (<i>ą</i>, <i>į</i>, <i>ę</i>, <i>ǫ</i>, <i>ų</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tutchone_language" title="Tutchone language">Tutchone</a> (<i>į, ų, ų̈, ę, ą̈, ǫ, ą</i>)</li></ul> <p>Example in Polish: </p> <dl><dd><span title="Polish-language text"><i lang="pl">Wół go pyta: „Panie chrząszczu,</i></span></dd> <dd><span title="Polish-language text"><i lang="pl">Po cóż pan tak brzęczy w gąszczu?“</i></span></dd> <dd>— The ox asks him: "Mr. beetle, why do you buzz like that in the thicket?" <dl><dd>— <a href="/wiki/Jan_Brzechwa" title="Jan Brzechwa">Jan Brzechwa</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Chrz%C4%85szcz" title="Chrząszcz">Chrząszcz</a></i></dd></dl></dd></dl> <p>Example in Cayuga: </p> <dl><dd><span title="Cayuga-language text"><i lang="cay">Ęyǫgwędę́hte</i></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> — we will become poor</dd></dl> <p>Example in Chickasaw: </p> <dl><dd><span title="Chickasaw-language text"><i lang="cic">Nǫwali</i></span> - I am walking</dd></dl> <p>Example in Dogrib: </p> <dl><dd><span title="Tlicho-language text"><i lang="dgr">dǫ sǫǫ̀łįį</i></span> — native people</dd></dl> <p>Example in Lithuanian: </p> <dl><dd><span title="Lithuanian-language text"><i lang="lt">Lydėdami gęstančią žarą vėlai</i></span></dd> <dd><span title="Lithuanian-language text"><i lang="lt">Pakilo į dangų margi sakalai</i></span> <dl><dd>— <a href="/wiki/Vincas_Mykolaitis-Putinas" title="Vincas Mykolaitis-Putinas">Vincas Mykolaitis-Putinas</a>, <i>Margi sakalai</i></dd></dl></dd></dl> <p>Example in Elfdalian: </p> <dl><dd>"Ja, eð war įe plåg að gęslkallum, dar eð war slaik uondlostjyner i gęslun." <dl><dd>— Vikar Margit Andersdotter, <i>I fäbodlivet i gamla tider</i>.</dd></dl></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Values">Values</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ogonek&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Values"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nasalization">Nasalization</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ogonek&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Nasalization"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The use of the ogonek to indicate <a href="/wiki/Nasal_vowel" title="Nasal vowel">nasality</a> is common in the transcription of the <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_languages_of_the_Americas" title="Indigenous languages of the Americas">indigenous languages of the Americas</a>. This usage originated in the orthographies created by <a href="/wiki/Christian_missionaries" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian missionaries">Christian missionaries</a> to transcribe these languages. Later, the practice was continued by Americanist anthropologists and linguists who still, to the present day, follow this convention in phonetic transcription (see <a href="/wiki/Americanist_phonetic_notation" title="Americanist phonetic notation">Americanist phonetic notation</a>). </p><p>The ogonek is also used to indicate a nasalized vowel in Polish, academic transliteration of Proto-Germanic, <a href="/wiki/Old_Church_Slavonic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Old Church Slavonic language">Old Church Slavonic</a>, Navajo, Western Apache, Chiricahua, <a href="/wiki/Tlicho_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Tlicho language">Tłįchǫ Yatiì</a>, <a href="/wiki/Slavey_language" title="Slavey language">Slavey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chipewyan_language" title="Chipewyan language">Dëne Sųłiné</a> and Elfdalian. In Polish, <i>ę</i> is nasalized <i>e</i>; however, <i>ą</i> is nasalized <i>o</i>, not <i>a</i>, because of a vowel shift: <i>ą</i>, originally a long nasal <i>a</i>, turned into a short nasal <i>o</i> when the distinction in vowel quantity disappeared. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Length">Length</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ogonek&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Length"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Lithuanian, the <b>nosinė</b> (literally, "nasal") mark originally indicated vowel nasalization but around late 17th and early 18th century, nasal vowels gradually evolved into the corresponding <a href="/wiki/Long_vowel" class="mw-redirect" title="Long vowel">long</a> non-nasal vowels in most dialects. Thus, the mark is now <i>de facto</i> an indicator of vowel length (the length of etymologically non-nasal vowels is marked differently or not marked at all). The mark also helps to distinguish different grammatical forms with otherwise the same written form (often with a different word stress, which is not indicated directly in the standard orthography). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lowered_articulation">Lowered articulation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ogonek&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Lowered articulation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Between 1927 and 1989, the ogonek denoted <a href="/wiki/Relative_articulation" title="Relative articulation">lowering</a> in <a href="/wiki/Vowel" title="Vowel">vowels</a>, and, since 1976, in <a href="/wiki/Consonant" title="Consonant">consonants</a> as well, in the <a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">International Phonetic Alphabet</a> (IPA). While the obsolete diacritic has also been identified as the <a href="/wiki/Ring_(diacritic)" title="Ring (diacritic)">left half ring diacritic</a> ⟨<span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa">◌̜</span>⟩, many publications of the IPA used the ogonek.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Rheinische_Dokumenta" title="Rheinische Dokumenta">Rheinische Dokumenta</a>, it marks vowels that are more open than those denoted by their base letters Ää, Oo, Öö. In two cases, it can be combined with <a href="/wiki/Trema_(diacritic)" class="mw-redirect" title="Trema (diacritic)">umlaut</a> marks. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Similar_diacritics">Similar diacritics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ogonek&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Similar diacritics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="E_caudata_and_o_caudata">E caudata and o caudata</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ogonek&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: E caudata and o caudata"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <i><a href="/wiki/E_caudata" title="E caudata">E caudata</a></i> (<i>ę</i>), a symbol similar to an <i>e</i> with ogonek, evolved from a <a href="/wiki/Ligature_(typography)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ligature (typography)">ligature</a> of <i>a</i> and <i>e</i> in medieval scripts, in <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Irish_language" title="Irish language">Irish</a> <a href="/wiki/Palaeography" title="Palaeography">palaeography</a>. The <i><a href="/wiki/O_caudata" class="mw-redirect" title="O caudata">O caudata</a></i> of <a href="/wiki/Old_Norse" title="Old Norse">Old Norse</a><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (letter <i>ǫ</i>, with <i>ǫ́</i>)<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is used to write the <a href="/wiki/Open-mid_back_rounded_vowel" title="Open-mid back rounded vowel">open-mid back rounded vowel</a>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ɔ/</span>. Medieval Nordic manuscripts show this 'hook' in both directions, in combination with several vowels.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite this distinction, the term 'ogonek' is sometimes used in discussions of typesetting and encoding Norse texts, as <i>o caudata</i> is typographically identical to o with ogonek. Similarly, the <i>E caudata</i> was sometimes used to designate the Norse vowel <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɛ]</span> or <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[æ]</span>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cedilla_and_comma">Cedilla and comma</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ogonek&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Cedilla and comma"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The ogonek is functionally equivalent to the <a href="/wiki/Cedilla" title="Cedilla">cedilla</a> and <a href="/wiki/Comma_(diacritic)" class="mw-redirect" title="Comma (diacritic)">comma</a> <a href="/wiki/Diacritic_marks" class="mw-redirect" title="Diacritic marks">diacritic marks</a>. If two of these three are used within the same orthography their respective use is restricted to certain classes of letters, i.e. usually the ogonek is used with vowels whereas the cedilla is applied to consonants. In handwritten text, the marks may even look the same. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Superscript_ogonek">Superscript ogonek</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ogonek&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Superscript ogonek"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Old Norse and Old Icelandic manuscripts, there is an over-hook or curl that may be considered a variant of the ogonek. It occurs on the letters a᷎ e᷎ i᷎ o᷎ ø᷎ u᷎. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Letters_with_ogonek">Letters with ogonek</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ogonek&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Letters with ogonek"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="nounderlines" style="font-size:160%; padding:.3em; background-color: var(--background-color-neutral, #fafafa); clear:both; color:var(--color-base, black);"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Ogonek <big><span style="font-family: serif">◌̨ </span></big><span class="nowrap">   </span>Ą ą</li><li>Ą́ ą́</li><li>Ą̃ ą̃</li><li>Ą̈ ą̈</li><li>Ą̊ ą̊</li><li>Æ̨ æ̨</li><li>C̨ c̨</li><li>Ę ę</li><li>Ę́ ę́</li><li>Ę̃ ę̃</li><li>Į į</li><li>Į́ į́</li><li>Į̃ į̃</li><li>M̨ m̨</li><li>N̨ n̨</li><li>Ǫ ǫ</li><li>Ǭ ǭ</li><li>Ǫ̈ ǫ̈</li><li>Ǫ́ ǫ́</li><li>Ø̨ ø̨</li><li>T̨ t̨</li><li>Ų ų</li><li>Ų́ ų́</li><li>Ų̃ ų̃</li><li>Ų̈ ų̈</li><li>Y̨ y̨</li></ul></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Typographical_notes">Typographical notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ogonek&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Typographical notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The ogonek should be almost the same size as a <a href="/wiki/Descender" title="Descender">descender</a> (relatively, its size in larger type may be significantly shorter), and should not be confused with the cedilla or comma diacritics used in other languages. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Encoding">Encoding</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ogonek&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Encoding"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Because attaching an ogonek does not affect the shape of the base letter, Unicode covers it with a combining diacritic, U+0328. There are a number of precomposed legacy characters, but new ones are not being added to Unicode (e.g. for <span class="nowrap">⟨æ̨⟩</span> or <span class="nowrap">⟨ø̨⟩</span>). </p><p><br /> </p> <table class="wikitable template-charmap" style="text-align:right"> <caption>Character information </caption> <tbody><tr style="text-align:center"> <th scope="row">Preview</th> <th colspan="2" style="font-size:150%">˛</th> <th colspan="2" style="font-size:150%">̨</th> <th colspan="2" style="font-size:150%">᷎ </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <th><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1061632564">.mw-parser-output table.template-charmap tr:first-child{height:50px}.mw-parser-output table.template-charmap tr:first-child th[colspan]{height:100%}.mw-parser-output table.template-charmap tr:first-child th[colspan]>div{height:100%;display:flex;justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output table.template-charmap tr:first-child th[colspan]>div>div{display:flex;flex-direction:column;padding:0 0.5em}.mw-parser-output table.template-charmap tr:first-child th[colspan]>div>div>span:nth-child(2){margin:auto;padding:10px 0;font-size:150%;line-height:1}.mw-parser-output table.template-charmap .smallcaps-cm{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output table.template-charmap td:first-child{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output table.template-charmap .template-charmap-numchr td:nth-child(n/**/+2){font-size:90%;padding:2px}</style>Unicode name </th> <td colspan="2" class="smallcaps-cm">OGONEK </td> <td colspan="2" class="smallcaps-cm">COMBINING OGONEK </td> <td colspan="2" class="smallcaps-cm">COMBINING OGONEK ABOVE </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left;">Encodings</th> <th>decimal</th> <th>hex</th> <th>dec</th> <th>hex</th> <th>dec</th> <th>hex </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a></td> <td>731</td> <td>U+02DB</td> <td>808</td> <td>U+0328</td> <td>7630</td> <td>U+1DCE </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/UTF-8" title="UTF-8">UTF-8</a></td> <td>203 155</td> <td>CB 9B</td> <td>204 168</td> <td>CC A8</td> <td>225 183 142</td> <td>E1 B7 8E </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Numeric_character_reference" title="Numeric character reference">Numeric character reference</a></td> <td>&#731;<wbr /></td> <td>&#x2DB;<wbr /></td> <td>&#808;<wbr /></td> <td>&#x328;<wbr /></td> <td>&#7630;<wbr /></td> <td>&#x1DCE;<wbr /> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_XML_and_HTML_character_entity_references" title="List of XML and HTML character entity references">Named character reference</a></td> <td colspan="2">&ogon;</td> <td colspan="2"></td> <td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><br /> </p> <table class="wikitable template-charmap" style="text-align:right"> <caption>Character information </caption> <tbody><tr style="text-align:center"> <th scope="row">Preview</th> <th colspan="2" style="font-size:150%">Ą</th> <th colspan="2" style="font-size:150%">ą</th> <th colspan="2" style="font-size:150%">Ę</th> <th colspan="2" style="font-size:150%">ę </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <th><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1061632564">Unicode name </th> <td colspan="2" class="smallcaps-cm">LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH OGONEK </td> <td colspan="2" class="smallcaps-cm">LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH OGONEK </td> <td colspan="2" class="smallcaps-cm">LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E WITH OGONEK </td> <td colspan="2" class="smallcaps-cm">LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH OGONEK </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left;">Encodings</th> <th>decimal</th> <th>hex</th> <th>dec</th> <th>hex</th> <th>dec</th> <th>hex</th> <th>dec</th> <th>hex </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a></td> <td>260</td> <td>U+0104</td> <td>261</td> <td>U+0105</td> <td>280</td> <td>U+0118</td> <td>281</td> <td>U+0119 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/UTF-8" title="UTF-8">UTF-8</a></td> <td>196 132</td> <td>C4 84</td> <td>196 133</td> <td>C4 85</td> <td>196 152</td> <td>C4 98</td> <td>196 153</td> <td>C4 99 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Numeric_character_reference" title="Numeric character reference">Numeric character reference</a></td> <td>&#260;<wbr /></td> <td>&#x104;<wbr /></td> <td>&#261;<wbr /></td> <td>&#x105;<wbr /></td> <td>&#280;<wbr /></td> <td>&#x118;<wbr /></td> <td>&#281;<wbr /></td> <td>&#x119;<wbr /> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_XML_and_HTML_character_entity_references" title="List of XML and HTML character entity references">Named character reference</a></td> <td colspan="2">&Aogon;</td> <td colspan="2">&aogon;</td> <td colspan="2">&Eogon;</td> <td colspan="2">&eogon; </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/ISO_8859-2" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 8859-2">ISO 8859-2</a> / <a href="/wiki/ISO_8859-4" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 8859-4">ISO 8859-4</a> / <a href="/wiki/ISO_8859-10" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 8859-10">ISO 8859-10</a></td> <td>161</td> <td>A1</td> <td>177</td> <td>B1</td> <td>202</td> <td>CA</td> <td>234</td> <td>EA </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_XML_and_HTML_character_entity_references" title="List of XML and HTML character entity references">Named character reference</a></td> <td colspan="2">&Aogon;</td> <td colspan="2">&aogon;</td> <td colspan="2">&Eogon;</td> <td colspan="2">&eogon; </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><br /> </p> <table class="wikitable template-charmap" style="text-align:right"> <caption>Character information </caption> <tbody><tr style="text-align:center"> <th scope="row">Preview</th> <th colspan="2" style="font-size:150%">Į</th> <th colspan="2" style="font-size:150%">į</th> <th colspan="2" style="font-size:150%">Ǫ</th> <th colspan="2" style="font-size:150%">ǫ </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <th><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1061632564">Unicode name </th> <td colspan="2" class="smallcaps-cm">LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I WITH OGONEK </td> <td colspan="2" class="smallcaps-cm">LATIN SMALL LETTER I WITH OGONEK </td> <td colspan="2" class="smallcaps-cm">LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH OGONEK </td> <td colspan="2" class="smallcaps-cm">LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH OGONEK </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left;">Encodings</th> <th>decimal</th> <th>hex</th> <th>dec</th> <th>hex</th> <th>dec</th> <th>hex</th> <th>dec</th> <th>hex </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a></td> <td>302</td> <td>U+012E</td> <td>303</td> <td>U+012F</td> <td>490</td> <td>U+01EA</td> <td>491</td> <td>U+01EB </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/UTF-8" title="UTF-8">UTF-8</a></td> <td>196 174</td> <td>C4 AE</td> <td>196 175</td> <td>C4 AF</td> <td>199 170</td> <td>C7 AA</td> <td>199 171</td> <td>C7 AB </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Numeric_character_reference" title="Numeric character reference">Numeric character reference</a></td> <td>&#302;<wbr /></td> <td>&#x12E;<wbr /></td> <td>&#303;<wbr /></td> <td>&#x12F;<wbr /></td> <td>&#490;<wbr /></td> <td>&#x1EA;<wbr /></td> <td>&#491;<wbr /></td> <td>&#x1EB;<wbr /> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_XML_and_HTML_character_entity_references" title="List of XML and HTML character entity references">Named character reference</a></td> <td colspan="2">&Iogon;</td> <td colspan="2">&iogon;</td> <td colspan="2"></td> <td colspan="2"> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_XML_and_HTML_character_entity_references" title="List of XML and HTML character entity references">Named character reference</a></td> <td colspan="2">&Iogon;</td> <td colspan="2">&iogon;</td> <td colspan="2"></td> <td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><br /> </p> <table class="wikitable template-charmap" style="text-align:right"> <caption>Character information </caption> <tbody><tr style="text-align:center"> <th scope="row">Preview</th> <th colspan="2" style="font-size:150%">Ǭ</th> <th colspan="2" style="font-size:150%">ǭ</th> <th colspan="2" style="font-size:150%">Ų</th> <th colspan="2" style="font-size:150%">ų </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <th><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1061632564">Unicode name </th> <td colspan="2" class="smallcaps-cm">LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH OGONEK<br />AND MACRON </td> <td colspan="2" class="smallcaps-cm">LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH OGONEK<br />AND MACRON </td> <td colspan="2" class="smallcaps-cm">LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH OGONEK </td> <td colspan="2" class="smallcaps-cm">LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH OGONEK </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left;">Encodings</th> <th>decimal</th> <th>hex</th> <th>dec</th> <th>hex</th> <th>dec</th> <th>hex</th> <th>dec</th> <th>hex </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a></td> <td>492</td> <td>U+01EC</td> <td>493</td> <td>U+01ED</td> <td>370</td> <td>U+0172</td> <td>371</td> <td>U+0173 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/UTF-8" title="UTF-8">UTF-8</a></td> <td>199 172</td> <td>C7 AC</td> <td>199 173</td> <td>C7 AD</td> <td>197 178</td> <td>C5 B2</td> <td>197 179</td> <td>C5 B3 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Numeric_character_reference" title="Numeric character reference">Numeric character reference</a></td> <td>&#492;<wbr /></td> <td>&#x1EC;<wbr /></td> <td>&#493;<wbr /></td> <td>&#x1ED;<wbr /></td> <td>&#370;<wbr /></td> <td>&#x172;<wbr /></td> <td>&#371;<wbr /></td> <td>&#x173;<wbr /> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_XML_and_HTML_character_entity_references" title="List of XML and HTML character entity references">Named character reference</a></td> <td colspan="2"></td> <td colspan="2"></td> <td colspan="2">&Uogon;</td> <td colspan="2">&uogon; </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_XML_and_HTML_character_entity_references" title="List of XML and HTML character entity references">Named character reference</a></td> <td colspan="2"></td> <td colspan="2"></td> <td colspan="2">&Uogon;</td> <td colspan="2">&uogon; </td></tr></tbody></table> <div style="clear:left;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="LaTeX2e">LaTeX2e</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ogonek&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: LaTeX2e"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/LaTeX2e" class="mw-redirect" title="LaTeX2e">LaTeX2e</a>, macro <code>\k</code> will typeset a letter with ogonek, if it is supported by the font encoding, e.g. <code>\k{a}</code> will typeset <i>ą</i>. (The default LaTeX OT1 encoding does not support it, but the newer T1 one does. It may be enabled by saying <code>\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}</code> in the preamble.) </p><p>However, <code>\k{e}</code> rather places the diacritic "right-aligned" with the carrying <i>e</i> (ę), suitably for Polish, while <code>\textogonekcentered</code> horizontally <i>centers</i> the diacritic with respect to the carrier, suitably for Native American Languages as well as for <a href="#E_caudata_and_o_caudata">e caudata and o caudata</a>. So <code>\textogonekcentered{e}</code> better fits the latter purposes. Actually, <code>\k{o}</code> (for ǫ) is defined to result in <code>\textogonekcentered{o}</code>, and <code>\k{O}</code> is defined to result in <code>\textogonekcentered{O}</code>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The package <a href="/wiki/TIPA_(software)" title="TIPA (software)">TIPA</a>, activated by using the command "<code>\usepackage{tipa}</code>", offers a different way: "<code>\textpolhook{a}</code>" will produce <i>ą</i>. </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ogonek&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2006/06027-n3027-medieval.pdf">"N3027: Proposal to add medievalist characters to the UCS"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. ISO/IEC JTC1/SC2/WG2. 2006-01-30.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=N3027%3A+Proposal+to+add+medievalist+characters+to+the+UCS&rft.pub=ISO%2FIEC+JTC1%2FSC2%2FWG2&rft.date=2006-01-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unicode.org%2FL2%2FL2006%2F06027-n3027-medieval.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOgonek" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20030423003555/http://www.hocak.info/">"Hoocąk Waaziija Haci Language Division"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Mauston,_Wisconsin" title="Mauston, Wisconsin">Mauston, Wisconsin</a>: <a href="/wiki/Ho-Chunk#Ho-Chunk_Nation" title="Ho-Chunk">Ho-Chunk Nation</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hocak.info/">the original</a> on 2003-04-23<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-05-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hooc%C4%85k+Waaziija+Haci+Language+Division&rft.place=Mauston%2C+Wisconsin&rft.pub=Ho-Chunk+Nation&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhocak.info%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOgonek" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2006/06116-n3077-medieval-us.pdf">"N3077: Response to UTC/US contribution N3037R (Feedback on N3027 Proposal to add medievalist characters)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. ISO/IEC JTC1/SC2/WG2. 2006-03-31.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=N3077%3A+Response+to+UTC%2FUS+contribution+N3037R+%28Feedback+on+N3027+Proposal+to+add+medievalist+characters%29&rft.pub=ISO%2FIEC+JTC1%2FSC2%2FWG2&rft.date=2006-03-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unicode.org%2FL2%2FL2006%2F06116-n3077-medieval-us.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOgonek" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhitley2003" class="citation journal cs1">Whitley, M. Stanley (2003). "Rhotic representation: problems and proposals". <i>Journal of the International Phonetic Association</i>. <b>23</b> (1): 81–86. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0025100303001166">10.1017/S0025100303001166</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:145538124">145538124</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+International+Phonetic+Association&rft.atitle=Rhotic+representation%3A+problems+and+proposals&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=81-86&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0025100303001166&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A145538124%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Whitley&rft.aufirst=M.+Stanley&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOgonek" class="Z3988"></span> Page 84, note 2.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">For this traditional and correct name, see e.g. <a href="/wiki/Einar_Haugen" title="Einar Haugen">Einar Haugen</a> (ed. and trans.), <i><a href="/wiki/First_Grammatical_Treatise" title="First Grammatical Treatise">First Grammatical Treatise</a></i>, 2nd edition, Longman, 1972.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://unicode.org/charts/nameslist/n_0180.html">"Non-European and historic Latin"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Unicode_Consortium" title="Unicode Consortium">Unicode Consortium</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-05-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Non-European+and+historic+Latin&rft.pub=Unicode+Consortium&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Funicode.org%2Fcharts%2Fnameslist%2Fn_0180.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOgonek" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSebastian_Kempgen2006" class="citation web cs1">Sebastian Kempgen (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kodeks.uni-bamberg.de/slavling/downloads/SK_Slavic_Unicode_I.pdf">"Unicode 4.1 and Slavic Philology Problems and Perspectives (I)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-11-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Unicode+4.1+and+Slavic+Philology+Problems+and+Perspectives+%28I%29&rft.date=2006&rft.au=Sebastian+Kempgen&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fkodeks.uni-bamberg.de%2Fslavling%2Fdownloads%2FSK_Slavic_Unicode_I.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOgonek" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140222031653/http://gandalf.aksis.uib.no/mufi/proposal/range2F-v2.html">"Characters with a combining hook above"</a>. Medieval Unicode Font Initiative. 2003-02-05. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gandalf.aksis.uib.no/mufi/proposal/range2F-v2.html">the original</a> on 2014-02-22<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-11-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Characters+with+a+combining+hook+above&rft.pub=Medieval+Unicode+Font+Initiative&rft.date=2003-02-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgandalf.aksis.uib.no%2Fmufi%2Fproposal%2Frange2F-v2.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOgonek" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See t1enc.def in LaTeX2e distributions.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ogonek&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/ogonek" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Special:Search/ogonek">ogonek</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://diacritics.typo.cz/">Diacritics Project — All you need to design a font with correct accents</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.twardoch.com/download/polishhowto/ogonek.html">Polish Diacritics — How To?</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070206111237/http://www.alvdalen.se/alvdalska/alvdalsk_ortografi.pdf">Förslag till en enhetlig stavning för älvdalska (March, 2005)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.w3schools.com/charsets/ref_utf_latin_extended_a.asp">w3schools.com — UTF-8 Latin Extended A</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output 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template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Diacritics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Diacritic" title="Diacritic">Diacritics</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">In Latin, Cyrillic and Greek</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;line-height:185%; background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> ◌́ </span> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> ◌̋ </span> <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Acute_accent" title="Acute accent">acute</a>, <a href="/wiki/Double_acute_accent" title="Double acute accent">double acute</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> ◌᷄ </span> <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_apex" class="mw-redirect" title="Vietnamese apex">apex</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> ◌̆ </span> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> ◌̑ </span> <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Breve" title="Breve">breve</a>, <a href="/wiki/Inverted_breve" title="Inverted breve">inverted breve</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> ◌̌ </span> <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Caron" title="Caron">caron, háček</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> ◌̧ </span> <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Cedilla" title="Cedilla">cedilla</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> ◌̂ </span> <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Circumflex" title="Circumflex">circumflex</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> ◌̈ </span> <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Diaeresis_(diacritic)" title="Diaeresis (diacritic)">diaeresis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Umlaut_(diacritic)" title="Umlaut (diacritic)">umlaut</a>, <a href="/wiki/Two_dots_(diacritic)" title="Two dots (diacritic)">other</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> ◌̇ </span> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> ◌̣ </span> <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Dot_(diacritic)" title="Dot (diacritic)">dot</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> ◌̀ </span> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> ◌̏ </span> <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Grave_accent" title="Grave accent">grave</a>, <a href="/wiki/Double_grave_accent" title="Double grave accent">double grave</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> ◌̉ </span> <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Hook_above" title="Hook above">hook above</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> ◌̡ </span> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> ◌̢ </span> <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Palatal_hook" title="Palatal hook">palatal hook</a>, <a href="/wiki/Retroflex_consonant#Transcription" title="Retroflex consonant">retroflex hook</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> ◌̛ </span> <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Horn_(diacritic)" title="Horn (diacritic)">horn</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> ◌ͅ </span> <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Iota_subscript" title="Iota subscript">iota subscript</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> ◌̄ </span> <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Macron_(diacritic)" title="Macron (diacritic)">macron</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> ◌̨ </span> <span style="font-size:95%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">ogonek</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nosin%C4%97" class="mw-redirect" title="Nosinė">nosinė</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> ◌̊ </span> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> ◌̥ </span> <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Ring_(diacritic)#Overring" title="Ring (diacritic)">overring</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ring_(diacritic)#Underring" title="Ring (diacritic)">underring</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> ◌͂ </span> <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Greek_diacritics" title="Greek diacritics">perispomene</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> ◌͗ </span> <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Sicilicus" title="Sicilicus">sicilicus</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> ◌̃ </span> <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Tilde" title="Tilde">tilde</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> ◌῾ </span> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> ◌᾿ </span> <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Rough_breathing" title="Rough breathing">rough breathing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Smooth_breathing" title="Smooth breathing">smooth breathing</a></span></span> </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">In <a href="/wiki/Early_Cyrillic_alphabet#Numerals,_diacritics_and_punctuation" title="Early Cyrillic alphabet">Early Cyrillic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;line-height:185%; background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> ◌҄ </span> <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Kamora_(diacritic)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kamora (diacritic)">kamora</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> ◌҇ </span> <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Pokrytie" title="Pokrytie">pokrytie</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> ◌҃ </span> <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Titlo" title="Titlo">titlo</a></span></span> </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">In <a href="/wiki/Brahmic_scripts" title="Brahmic scripts">Indic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;line-height:185%; background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> <span class="Unicode">ं</span> </span> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> <span title="Bengali-language text"><span lang="bn">ং</span></span> </span> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> <span title="Odia-language text"><span lang="or">ଂ</span></span> </span> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> <span title="Malayalam-language text"><span lang="ml">ം</span></span> </span> <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Anusvara" title="Anusvara">anusvara</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> <span class="Unicode">ऽ</span> </span> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> <span title="Bengali-language text"><span lang="bn">ঽ</span></span> </span> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> <span title="Odia-language text"><span lang="or">ଽ</span></span> </span> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> <span title="Telugu-language text"><span lang="te">ఽ</span></span> </span> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> <span title="Malayalam-language text"><span lang="ml">ഽ</span></span> </span> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> <span title="Tigrinya-language text"><span lang="ti">྅</span></span> </span> <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Avagraha" title="Avagraha">avagraha</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> <span class="Unicode">ँ</span>  </span> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> <span title="Telugu-language text"><span lang="te">ఁ</span></span> </span> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> <span title="Tigrinya-language text"><span lang="ti">ྃ</span></span> </span> <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Chandrabindu" title="Chandrabindu">chandrabindu</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> <span class="Unicode">़</span> </span> <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Nuqta" title="Nuqta">nuqta</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> <span class="Unicode">्</span>  </span> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> <span title="Malayalam-language text"><span lang="ml">്</span></span>  </span> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> <span title="Telugu-language text"><span lang="te">్</span></span>  </span> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> <span title="Kannada-language text"><span lang="kn">್</span></span> </span> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> <span title="Sinhala-language text"><span lang="si">්</span></span> </span> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> <span title="Burmese-language text"><span lang="my">်</span></span> </span> <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Virama" title="Virama">virama</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> <span class="Unicode">ः</span> </span> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> <span title="Bengali-language text"><span lang="bn">ঃ</span></span> </span> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> <span title="Odia-language text"><span lang="or">ଃ</span></span> </span> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> <span title="Tamil-language text"><span lang="ta">ஃ</span></span> </span> <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Visarga" title="Visarga">visarga</a></span></span> </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">In other scripts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;line-height:185%; background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arabic_diacritics" title="Arabic diacritics">Arabic diacritics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_diacritics" title="Greek diacritics">Greek diacritics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gurmukh%C4%AB_alphabet#Other_signs" class="mw-redirect" title="Gurmukhī alphabet">Gurmukhī diacritics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_diacritics" title="Hebrew diacritics">Hebrew diacritics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet#Diacritics" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">diacritics in IPA</a></li> <li>Japanese <a href="/wiki/Kana#Diacritics" title="Kana">kana diacritics</a> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> <span style="font-size:75%;"><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja" style="font-style: normal;">◌゙</span></span></span> </span> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> <span style="font-size:75%;"><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja" style="font-style: normal;">◌゚</span></span></span> </span> <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Dakuten_and_handakuten" title="Dakuten and handakuten">dakuten, handakuten</a></span></span> </li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khmer_alphabet#Diacritics" class="mw-redirect" title="Khmer alphabet">Khmer diacritics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syriac_alphabet#Latin_alphabet_and_romanization" title="Syriac alphabet">Syriac diacritics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_alphabet#Other_symbols_2" class="mw-redirect" title="Thai alphabet">Thai diacritics</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Marks used as diacritics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;line-height:185%; background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> ◌’ </span> <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Apostrophe" title="Apostrophe">apostrophe</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> ◌̸ </span> <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Bar_(diacritic)" title="Bar (diacritic)">bar</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> ◌: </span> <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Colon_(punctuation)#Diacritical_usage" title="Colon (punctuation)">colon</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> ◌, </span> <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Comma#Diacritical_usage" title="Comma">comma</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> ◌. </span> <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Full_stop" title="Full stop">full stop/period</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> ◌˗ </span> <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Hyphen" title="Hyphen">hyphen</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> ◌′ </span> <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Prime_(symbol)" title="Prime (symbol)">prime</a></span></span> </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Non-diacritic uses</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;line-height:185%; background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> ^ </span> <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Caret_(computing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Caret (computing)">caret (computing)</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> ° </span> <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Degree_symbol" title="Degree symbol">degree symbol</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> ~ </span> <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Tilde#Mathematics" title="Tilde">tilde § Mathematics</a></span></span> </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">In <a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;line-height:185%; background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> ◌ </span> <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Dotted_circle" title="Dotted circle">dotted circle</a> (placeholder glyph character)</span></span> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combining_character#Unicode_ranges" title="Combining character">combining character § Unicode ranges</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div>See also: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/English_terms_with_diacritical_marks" title="English terms with diacritical marks">English terms with diacritical marks</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Metal_umlaut" title="Metal umlaut">Metal umlaut</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punctuation" title="Punctuation">Punctuation marks</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Diacritics" title="Category:Diacritics">Category: Diacritics</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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script/main"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Latin_script" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Latin_script" title="Latin script">Latin script</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Latin_script" title="History of the Latin script">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spread_of_the_Latin_script" title="Spread of the Latin script">Spread</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanization" title="Romanization">Romanization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_numerals" title="Roman numerals">Roman numerals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ligature_(writing)#Latin_alphabet" title="Ligature (writing)">Ligatures</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Latin-script_alphabet" title="Latin-script alphabet">Alphabets</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Latin-script_alphabets" title="List of Latin-script alphabets">list</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Classical_Latin_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Classical Latin alphabet">Classical Latin alphabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_basic_Latin_alphabet" title="ISO basic Latin alphabet">ISO basic Latin alphabet</a></li> <li>Phonetic alphabets <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">International Phonetic Alphabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X-SAMPA" title="X-SAMPA">X-SAMPA</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spelling_alphabet" title="Spelling alphabet">Spelling alphabet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Letters (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Latin-script_letters" title="List of Latin-script letters">list</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <table style="margin: 0 -0.25em; width: 100%;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="26"><div style="width:100%; background:#e0e0e0;; text-align:center;">Letters of the <a href="/wiki/ISO_basic_Latin_alphabet" title="ISO basic Latin alphabet">ISO basic Latin alphabet</a></div> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/A" title="A">Aa</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/B" title="B">Bb</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/C" title="C">Cc</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/D" title="D">Dd</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/E" title="E">Ee</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/F" title="F">Ff</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/G" title="G">Gg</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/H" title="H">Hh</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/I" title="I">Ii</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/J" title="J">Jj</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/K" title="K">Kk</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/L" title="L">Ll</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/M" title="M">Mm </a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/N" title="N">Nn</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/O" title="O">Oo</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/P" title="P">Pp</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/Q" title="Q">Qq</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/R" title="R">Rr</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/S" title="S">Ss</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/T" title="T">Tt</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/U" title="U">Uu</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/V" title="V">Vv</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/W" title="W">Ww</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/X" title="X">Xx</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/Y" title="Y">Yy</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/Z" title="Z">Zz </a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="26"><div style="width:100%; background:#e0e0e0;; text-align:center;">Letters using <a class="mw-selflink selflink">ogonek</a> sign (<span style="font-weight:100; font-size:125%;"> ◌̨ </span>)</div> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"><a href="/wiki/%C4%84" title="Ą">Ąą </a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"><a href="/wiki/%C4%84" title="Ą">Ą́ą́ </a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"><a href="/wiki/%C4%98" title="Ę">Ęę </a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"><a href="/wiki/%C4%AE" title="Į">Į į </a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"><a href="/wiki/%C7%AA" title="Ǫ">Ǫǫ </a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"><a href="/wiki/%C5%B2" title="Ų">Ųų </a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"></span> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Latin-script_multigraph" title="Latin-script multigraph">Multigraphs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Latin-script_digraphs" title="List of Latin-script digraphs">Digraphs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ch_(digraph)" title="Ch (digraph)">Ch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dz_(digraph)" title="Dz (digraph)">Dz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C5%BE" title="Dž">Dž</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gh_(digraph)" title="Gh (digraph)">Gh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IJ_(digraph)" title="IJ (digraph)">IJ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lj_(digraph)" title="Lj (digraph)">Lj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ll" title="Ll">Ll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_ly" title="Hungarian ly">Ly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nh_(digraph)" title="Nh (digraph)">Nh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nj_(digraph)" title="Nj (digraph)">Nj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ny_(digraph)" title="Ny (digraph)">Ny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sh_(digraph)" title="Sh (digraph)">Sh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sz_(digraph)" title="Sz (digraph)">Sz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Th_(digraph)" title="Th (digraph)">Th</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Latin-script_trigraphs" title="List of Latin-script trigraphs">Trigraphs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_dzs" class="mw-redirect" title="Hungarian dzs">dzs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eau_(trigraph)" title="Eau (trigraph)">eau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Latin-script_tetragraphs" title="List of Latin-script tetragraphs">Tetragraphs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ough_(orthography)" title="Ough (orthography)">ough</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Latin-script_pentagraphs" title="List of Latin-script pentagraphs">Pentagraphs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Tzsch" class="mw-redirect" title="Tzsch">tzsch</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Keyboard layouts (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Latin-script_keyboard_layouts" title="List of Latin-script keyboard layouts">list</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/QWERTY" title="QWERTY">QWERTY</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QWERTZ" title="QWERTZ">QWERTZ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AZERTY" title="AZERTY">AZERTY</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dvorak_keyboard_layout" title="Dvorak keyboard layout">Dvorak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colemak" title="Colemak">Colemak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%89PO" title="BÉPO">BÉPO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo_(keyboard_layout)" title="Neo (keyboard layout)">Neo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historical Standards</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_646" title="ISO/IEC 646">ISO/IEC 646</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Latin_character_sets_(computing)" title="Western Latin character sets (computing)">Western Latin character sets</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current Standards</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Latin_script_in_Unicode" title="Latin script in Unicode">Unicode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DIN_91379" title="DIN 91379">DIN 91379: Unicode subset for Europe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_precomposed_Latin_characters_in_Unicode" title="List of precomposed Latin characters in Unicode">Precomposed Latin characters in Unicode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_letters_used_in_mathematics" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin letters used in mathematics">Letters used in mathematics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_typographical_symbols_and_punctuation_marks" title="List of typographical symbols and punctuation marks">List of typographical symbols and punctuation marks</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diacritic" title="Diacritic">Diacritics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palaeography" title="Palaeography">Palaeography</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ogonek&oldid=1252928630">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ogonek&oldid=1252928630</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Letters_with_ogonek" title="Category:Letters with ogonek">Letters 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