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<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-disabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref--excluded vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-not-available" lang="zh" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>隨機量子力學 - 搜索结果 - 维基百科，自由的百科全书</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled 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"wgDefaultDateFormat":"zh","wgMonthNames":["","1月","2月","3月","4月","5月","6月","7月","8月","9月","10月","11月","12月"],"wgRequestId":"df1e113d-601d-4c33-8a28-2032709e5102","wgCanonicalNamespace":"Special","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":"Search","wgNamespaceNumber":-1,"wgPageName":"Special:搜索","wgTitle":"搜索","wgCurRevisionId":0,"wgRevisionId":0,"wgArticleId":0,"wgIsArticle":false,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":[],"wgPageViewLanguage":"zh","wgPageContentLanguage":"zh","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Special:搜索","wgRelevantArticleId":0,"wgUserVariant":"zh","wgIsProbablyEditable":false,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":false,"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":true,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"zh","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":["zh-hans","zh-hant", "zh-cn","zh-tw","zh-hk","zh-sg","zh-mo","zh-my"]},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":0,"advancedSearch.mimeTypes":{"tiff":"image/tiff","png":"image/png","gif":"image/gif","jpg":"image/jpeg","webp":"image/webp","xcf":"image/x-xcf","pdf":"application/pdf","mid":"audio/midi","ogg":"application/ogg","svg":"image/svg+xml","djvu":"image/vnd.djvu","flac":"audio/x-flac","wav":"audio/x-wav","webm":"video/webm","mp3":"audio/mpeg","mpg":"video/mpeg"},"advancedSearch.tooltips":{"advancedsearch-help-plain": "\u003Cdl\u003E\u003Cdt\u003E描述\u003C/dt\u003E\n\u003Cdd\u003E在标题或文本中搜索这些词。\u003C/dd\u003E\n\u003Cdt\u003E请注意以下说明\u003C/dt\u003E\n\u003Cdd\u003E\n\u003Cul\u003E\u003Cli\u003E此处可以输入多个字词。\u003C/li\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003E标点符号及其他非字母数字字符（除了冒号和逗号）将会忽略。\u003C/li\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003E可能有些结果不包含您输入的一个或多个搜索词。\u003C/li\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003E字词填充会被应用。例如：如果输入“car”的话，搜索也将考虑“cars”。字词填充依语言而定。\u003C/li\u003E\u003C/ul\u003E\u003C/dd\u003E\u003C/dl\u003E\n\u003Cdl\u003E\u003Cdt\u003E帮助页面\u003C/dt\u003E\n\u003Cdd\u003E\u003Ca class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:CirrusSearch#Full_text_search\"\u003E全文搜索\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/dd\u003E\n\u003Cdt\u003E正常搜索中的等效语法\u003C/dt\u003E\n\u003Cdd\u003E\u003Ccode\u003E芝麻街车\u003C/code\u003E\u003C/dd\u003E\u003C/dl\u003E" ,"advancedsearch-help-phrase": "\u003Cdl\u003E\u003Cdt\u003E描述\u003C/dt\u003E\n\u003Cdd\u003E搜索特定的字符序列。标点符号被忽略。\u003C/dd\u003E\n\u003Cdt\u003E请注意以下说明\u003C/dt\u003E\n\u003Cdd\u003E（只在使用引号时有效，参见下方例子）\n\u003Cul\u003E\u003Cli\u003E使用英文逗号或空格分隔搜索字词，例如\u003Ccode\u003E\"good morning\"\u003C/code\u003E, \u003Ccode\u003E\"hello friend\"\u003C/code\u003E。\u003C/li\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003E标点符号及其他非字母数字字符（除了冒号和逗号）将会忽略。\u003C/li\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003E搜索大小写不敏感。\u003C/li\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003E字词填充不会应用。\u003C/li\u003E\u003C/ul\u003E\u003C/dd\u003E\u003C/dl\u003E\n\u003Cdl\u003E\u003Cdt\u003E帮助页面\u003C/dt\u003E\n\u003Cdd\u003E\u003Ca class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:CirrusSearch#Words.2C_phrases.2C_and_modifiers\"\u003E字词与修改\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/dd\u003E\n\u003Cdt\u003E正常搜索中的等效语法\u003C/dt\u003E\n\u003Cdd\u003E引号中的词，例如\u003Ccode\u003E\"从头开始\"\u003C/code\u003E。\u003C/dd\u003E\u003C/dl\u003E" ,"advancedsearch-help-or":"\u003Cdl\u003E\u003Cdt\u003E描述\u003C/dt\u003E\n\u003Cdd\u003E页面内需包括至少一个搜索词。\u003C/dd\u003E\n\u003Cdt\u003E帮助页面\u003C/dt\u003E\n\u003Cdd\u003E\u003Ca class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:CirrusSearch#Words.2C_phrases.2C_and_modifiers\"\u003E词、短语、修饰符\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/dd\u003E\n\u003Cdt\u003E普通搜索内的等效语法\u003C/dt\u003E\n\u003Cdd\u003E在两个词之间添加\u003Ccode\u003EOR\u003C/code\u003E，例如\u003Ccode\u003ELaptop OR Notebook\u003C/code\u003E。\u003C/dd\u003E\u003C/dl\u003E","advancedsearch-help-not": "\u003Cdl\u003E\u003Cdt\u003E描述\u003C/dt\u003E\n\u003Cdd\u003E从搜索中排除包含这些词的页面。\u003C/dd\u003E\n\u003Cdt\u003E请注意以下说明\u003C/dt\u003E\n\u003Cdd\u003E\n\u003Cul\u003E\u003Cli\u003E字词填充会应用。例如：如果输入了“car”，那么搜索也将考虑“cars”。字词填充是特定于语言的。\u003C/li\u003E\u003C/ul\u003E\u003C/dd\u003E\u003C/dl\u003E\n\u003Cdl\u003E\u003Cdt\u003E帮助页面\u003C/dt\u003E\n\u003Cdd\u003E\u003Ca class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:CirrusSearch#Words.2C_phrases.2C_and_modifiers\"\u003E词、短语、修饰符\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/dd\u003E\n\u003Cdt\u003E普通搜索内的等效语法\u003C/dt\u003E\n\u003Cdd\u003E在词前添加\u003Ccode\u003E-\u003C/code\u003E，例如\u003Ccode\u003E-\"大象\"\u003C/code\u003E。\u003C/dd\u003E\u003C/dl\u003E","advancedsearch-help-deepcategory": "\u003Cdl\u003E\u003Cdt\u003E描述\u003C/dt\u003E\n\u003Cdd\u003E搜索属于这些分类及其子分类的页面。\u003C/dd\u003E\n\u003Cdt\u003E请小心以下几点\u003C/dt\u003E\n\u003Cdd\u003E\n\u003Cul\u003E\u003Cli\u003E在您的搜索中只包含5个子分类等级。\u003C/li\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003E分类数量限制为256个。\u003C/li\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003E您可以查看多个分类中的页面。\u003C/li\u003E\u003C/ul\u003E\u003C/dd\u003E\u003C/dl\u003E\n\u003Cdl\u003E\u003Cdt\u003E帮助页面\u003C/dt\u003E\n\u003Cdd\u003E\u003Ca class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:CirrusSearch#Deepcategory\"\u003EDeepcategory\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/dd\u003E\n\u003Cdt\u003E正常搜索中的等效语法\u003C/dt\u003E\n\u003Cdd\u003E\u003Ccode\u003Edeepcategory:\u003C/code\u003E跟随分类名，例如\u003Ccode\u003Edeepcategory:帮助\u003C/code\u003E。如果分类名包含空格则使用双引号：\u003Ccode\u003Edeepcategory:\"Hidden categories\"\u003C/code\u003E。\u003C/dd\u003E\u003C/dl\u003E" ,"advancedsearch-help-hastemplate": "\u003Cdl\u003E\u003Cdt\u003E描述\u003C/dt\u003E\n\u003Cdd\u003E搜索精确包含这些模板的页面。\u003C/dd\u003E\n\u003Cdt\u003E请注意以下说明\u003C/dt\u003E\n\u003Cdd\u003E\n\u003Cul\u003E\u003Cli\u003E您可以查找嵌入的模板（某模板由其他模板组成）。\u003C/li\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003E自动建议函数只能查找以与您的搜索相同的方式开始的模板，例如搜索\u003Ccode\u003E\"com...\"\u003C/code\u003E将建议“commons”，但不是“nowcommons”。\u003C/li\u003E\u003C/ul\u003E\u003C/dd\u003E\u003C/dl\u003E\n\u003Cdl\u003E\u003Cdt\u003E帮助页面\u003C/dt\u003E\n\u003Cdd\u003E\u003Ca class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:CirrusSearch#Hastemplate\"\u003E含有模板\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/dd\u003E\n\u003Cdt\u003E正常搜索中的等效语法\u003C/dt\u003E\n\u003Cdd\u003E引号中带\u003Ccode\u003Ehastemplate:\u003C/code\u003E前缀的词，例如\u003Ccode\u003Ehastemplate:\"missing information\"\u003C/code\u003E。\u003C/dd\u003E\u003C/dl\u003E" ,"advancedsearch-help-inlanguage": "\u003Cdl\u003E\u003Cdt\u003E描述：\u003C/dt\u003E\u003C/dl\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E只在您选择的语言中搜索。\n\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cdl\u003E\u003Cdt\u003E请小心以下几点\u003C/dt\u003E\n\u003Cdd\u003E\n\u003Cul\u003E\u003Cli\u003E您只可以搜索一种语言的页面。\u003C/li\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003E此字段将只在启用了translatewiki扩展的wiki上可见。\u003C/li\u003E\u003C/ul\u003E\u003C/dd\u003E\u003C/dl\u003E\n\u003Cdl\u003E\u003Cdt\u003E帮助页面\u003C/dt\u003E\n\u003Cdd\u003E\u003Ca class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:CirrusSearch#Inlanguage\"\u003EInlanguage\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/dd\u003E\n\u003Cdt\u003E普通搜索内的等效语法\u003C/dt\u003E\n\u003Cdd\u003E\u003Ccode\u003Einlanguage:\u003C/code\u003E后接语言代码，例如\u003Ccode\u003Einlanguage:es\u003C/code\u003E。您可以在关键词前添加\u003Ccode\u003E-\u003C/code\u003E来排除语言，例如\u003Ccode\u003E-inlanguage:en\u003C/code\u003E。\u003C/dd\u003E\u003C/dl\u003E" ,"advancedsearch-help-intitle":"\u003Cdl\u003E\u003Cdt\u003E描述\u003C/dt\u003E\n\u003Cdd\u003E搜索标题含有该词的页面\u003C/dd\u003E\n\u003Cdt\u003E请注意以下说明\u003C/dt\u003E\n\u003Cdd\u003E\n\u003Cul\u003E\u003Cli\u003E搜索包含重定向。\u003C/li\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003E字词填充会被应用。例如：如果输入“car”的话，搜索也将考虑“cars”。字词填充依语言而定。\u003C/li\u003E\u003C/ul\u003E\u003C/dd\u003E\u003C/dl\u003E\n\u003Cdl\u003E\u003Cdt\u003E帮助页面\u003C/dt\u003E\n\u003Cdd\u003E\u003Ca class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:CirrusSearch#Intitle_and_incategory\"\u003E在标题中和在分类中\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/dd\u003E\n\u003Cdt\u003E正常搜索中的等效语法\u003C/dt\u003E\n\u003Cdd\u003E词前包含\u003Ccode\u003Eintitle:\u003C/code\u003E的词，例如\u003Ccode\u003Eintitle:女王\u003C/code\u003E。\u003C/dd\u003E\u003C/dl\u003E", "advancedsearch-help-subpageof": "\u003Cdl\u003E\u003Cdt\u003E描述\u003C/dt\u003E\n\u003Cdd\u003E搜索这个页面的子页面。\u003C/dd\u003E\n\u003Cdt\u003E留意以下内容\u003C/dt\u003E\n\u003Cdd\u003E\n\u003Cul\u003E\u003Cli\u003E一次只能搜索一个页面下的子页面。\u003C/li\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003E不要忘记在命名空间过滤器中启用您希望限制您搜索时指定命名空间。\u003C/li\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003E不需要包括页面名称中的命名空间名字，例如\u003Cdel\u003E\u003Ccode\u003EWikipedia:重定向\u003C/code\u003E\u003C/del\u003E。\u003C/li\u003E\u003C/ul\u003E\u003C/dd\u003E\u003C/dl\u003E\n\u003Cdl\u003E\u003Cdt\u003E帮助页\u003C/dt\u003E\n\u003Cdd\u003E\u003Ca class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:CirrusSearch#subpageof\"\u003ESubpageof\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/dd\u003E\n\u003Cdt\u003E正常搜索中的等效语法\u003C/dt\u003E\n\u003Cdd\u003E\u003Ccode\u003Esubpageof:\u003C/code\u003E后面跟随着搜索的页面名称，如：\u003Ccode\u003Esubpageof:重定向\u003C/code\u003E。如果页面名中包含空格，请使用半角双引号括住，如：\u003Ccode\u003Esubpageof:\"Requests for comment\"\u003C/code\u003E。\u003C/dd\u003E\u003C/dl\u003E" ,"advancedsearch-help-filetype": "\u003Cdl\u003E\u003Cdt\u003E描述\u003C/dt\u003E\n\u003Cdd\u003E只搜索选定类型的文件。\u003C/dd\u003E\n\u003Cdt\u003E请注意以下说明\u003C/dt\u003E\n\u003Cdd\u003E\n\u003Cul\u003E\u003Cli\u003E您只可以搜索一个文件类型。\u003C/li\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003E您只可以选择下拉菜单中指定的文件类型。\u003C/li\u003E\u003C/ul\u003E\u003C/dd\u003E\u003C/dl\u003E\n\u003Cdl\u003E\u003Cdt\u003E帮助页面\u003C/dt\u003E\n\u003Cdd\u003E\u003Ca class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:CirrusSearch#filetype\"\u003E文件类型\u003C/a\u003E和\u003Ca class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:CirrusSearch#filemime\"\u003E文件mime\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/dd\u003E\n\u003Cdt\u003E正常搜索中的等效语法\u003C/dt\u003E\n\u003Cdd\u003E词前包含\u003Ccode\u003Efiletype:\u003C/code\u003E的词，例如\u003Ccode\u003Efiletype:ogg\u003C/code\u003E。\u003C/dd\u003E\u003C/dl\u003E" ,"advancedsearch-help-filew":"\u003Cdl\u003E\u003Cdt\u003E描述\u003C/dt\u003E\n\u003Cdd\u003E这些字段允许您指定文件宽度。\u003C/dd\u003E\n\u003Cdt\u003E请注意以下说明\u003C/dt\u003E\n\u003Cdd\u003E\n\u003Cul\u003E\u003Cli\u003E这只应用到有宽和高的文件类型，例如视频和图片。\u003C/li\u003E\u003C/ul\u003E\u003C/dd\u003E\u003C/dl\u003E\n\u003Cdl\u003E\u003Cdt\u003E帮助页面\u003C/dt\u003E\n\u003Cdd\u003E\u003Ca class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:CirrusSearch#File_measures\"\u003E文件度量\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/dd\u003E\n\u003Cdt\u003E正常搜索中的等效语法\u003C/dt\u003E\n\u003Cdd\u003E前面带\u003Ccode\u003Efilew\u003C/code\u003E的数字，例如\u003Ccode\u003Efilew:\u0026gt;800\u003C/code\u003E。\u003C/dd\u003E\u003C/dl\u003E","advancedsearch-help-fileh": "\u003Cdl\u003E\u003Cdt\u003E描述\u003C/dt\u003E\n\u003Cdd\u003E这些字段允许您指定文件高度。\u003C/dd\u003E\n\u003Cdt\u003E请注意以下说明\u003C/dt\u003E\n\u003Cdd\u003E\n\u003Cul\u003E\u003Cli\u003E这只应用到有宽和高的文件类型，例如视频和图片。\u003C/li\u003E\u003C/ul\u003E\u003C/dd\u003E\u003C/dl\u003E\n\u003Cdl\u003E\u003Cdt\u003E帮助页面\u003C/dt\u003E\n\u003Cdd\u003E\u003Ca class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:CirrusSearch#File_measures\"\u003E文件度量\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/dd\u003E\n\u003Cdt\u003E正常搜索中的等效语法\u003C/dt\u003E\n\u003Cdd\u003E前面带\u003Ccode\u003Efilew\u003C/code\u003E的数字，例如\u003Ccode\u003Efilew:\u0026gt;800\u003C/code\u003E。\u003C/dd\u003E\u003C/dl\u003E","advancedsearch-help-sort": "\u003Cdl\u003E\u003Cdt\u003E描述\u003C/dt\u003E\n\u003Cdd\u003E更改结果的排序顺序。标准顺序是最相关的页面位于结果顶部。\u003C/dd\u003E\n\u003Cdt\u003E帮助页面\u003C/dt\u003E\n\u003Cdd\u003E\u003Ca class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:CirrusSearch#Explicit_sort_orders\"\u003E明确的排序顺序\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/dd\u003E\n\u003Cdt\u003E普通搜索内的等效语法\u003C/dt\u003E\n\u003Cdd\u003E该功能没有可在搜索输入字段键入的关键词，因为该功能是通过URL中的参数指定的。\u003C/dd\u003E\u003C/dl\u003E"},"advancedSearch.namespacePresets":{"defaultNamespaces":{"enabled":true,"provider":"defaultNamespaces","label":"advancedsearch-namespaces-preset-default"},"discussion":{"enabled":true,"provider":"discussion","label":"advancedsearch-namespaces-preset-discussion"},"generalHelp":{"enabled":true,"namespaces":["4","12"],"label": 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href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=Special%3A%E6%90%9C%E7%B4%A2&returntoquery=fulltext%3D1%26ns0%3D1%26profile%3Dadvanced%26search%3D%25E9%259A%25A8%25E6%25A9%259F%25E9%2587%258F%25E5%25AD%2590%25E5%258A%259B%25E5%25AD%25B8" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录，但这不是强制性的"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>创建账号</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=Special%3A%E6%90%9C%E7%B4%A2&returntoquery=fulltext%3D1%26ns0%3D1%26profile%3Dadvanced%26search%3D%25E9%259A%25A8%25E6%25A9%259F%25E9%2587%258F%25E5%25AD%2590%25E5%258A%259B%25E5%25AD%25B8" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>登录</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">搜索结果</h1> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-mw-helplink" class="mw-indicator"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:CirrusSearch" target="_blank" class="mw-helplink"><span class="mw-helplink-icon"></span>帮助</a></div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="更改语言变体" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">不转换</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="查看"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="工具" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">工具</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">工具</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet" title="更多选项" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 操作 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 常规 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Project:%E4%B8%8A%E4%BC%A0" title="上传图像或多媒体文件[u]" accesskey="u"><span>上传文件</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%89%B9%E6%AE%8A%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2" title="全部特殊页面的列表[q]" accesskey="q"><span>特殊页面</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="javascript:print();" rel="alternate" title="本页面的可打印版本[p]" accesskey="p"><span>打印页面</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:URL%E7%BC%A9%E7%9F%AD%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DSpecial%3A%25E6%2590%259C%25E7%25B4%25A2%26fulltext%3D1%26ns0%3D1%26profile%3Dadvanced%26search%3D%25E9%259A%25A8%25E6%25A9%259F%25E9%2587%258F%25E5%25AD%2590%25E5%258A%259B%25E5%25AD%25B8"><span>获取短链接</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DSpecial%3A%25E6%2590%259C%25E7%25B4%25A2%26fulltext%3D1%26ns0%3D1%26profile%3Dadvanced%26search%3D%25E9%259A%25A8%25E6%25A9%259F%25E9%2587%258F%25E5%25AD%2590%25E5%258A%259B%25E5%25AD%25B8"><span>下载二维码</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 在其他项目中 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="外观"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">外观</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-search-spinner"><div class="mw-search-spinner-bounce"></div></div><div class="mw-search-form-wrapper"><form id="powersearch" method="get" action="/w/index.php"><div id="mw-search-top-table"><div class='oo-ui-layout oo-ui-fieldLayout oo-ui-fieldLayout-align-top oo-ui-actionFieldLayout'><div class='oo-ui-fieldLayout-body'><span class='oo-ui-fieldLayout-header'><label for='ooui-php-1' class='oo-ui-labelElement-label'></label></span><div class='oo-ui-fieldLayout-field'><div class='oo-ui-actionFieldLayout-input'><div id='searchText' class='oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-inputWidget oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-textInputWidget oo-ui-textInputWidget-type-text oo-ui-textInputWidget-php mw-widget-titleInputWidget mw-widget-searchInputWidget' data-ooui='{"_":"mw.widgets.SearchInputWidget","performSearchOnClick":true,"dataLocation":"content","$overlay":true,"highlightFirst":false,"validateTitle":false,"name":"search","value":"\u96a8\u6a5f\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b78","inputId":"ooui-php-1","title":"\u641c\u7d22\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1","icon":"search","required":false}'><input type='search' tabindex='0' title='搜索维基百科' name='search' value='隨機量子力學' autocapitalize='sentences' id='ooui-php-1' class='oo-ui-inputWidget-input' /><span class='oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-search'></span><span class='oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator'></span></div></div><span class='oo-ui-actionFieldLayout-button'><span class='oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-inputWidget oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-framed oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-flaggedElement-progressive oo-ui-flaggedElement-primary oo-ui-buttonInputWidget'><button type='submit' tabindex='0' value='' class='oo-ui-inputWidget-input oo-ui-buttonElement-button'><span class='oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-iconElement-noIcon oo-ui-image-invert'></span><span class='oo-ui-labelElement-label'>搜索</span><span class='oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator oo-ui-image-invert'></span></button></span></span></div></div></div><div class="results-info" data-mw-num-results-offset="0" data-mw-num-results-total="195">第<strong>1-20</strong>条结果，共<strong>195</strong>条</div><input type="hidden" value="Special:搜索" name="title"><input type="hidden" value="advanced" name="profile"><input type="hidden" value="1" name="fulltext"></div><div class="mw-search-visualclear"></div><div class="mw-search-profile-tabs"><div class="search-types"><ul><li class="normal"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E6%90%9C%E7%B4%A2&profile=default&search=%E9%9A%A8%E6%A9%9F%E9%87%8F%E5%AD%90%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%B8&fulltext=1" title="在条目内搜索">内容页面</a></li><li class="normal"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E6%90%9C%E7%B4%A2&profile=images&search=%E9%9A%A8%E6%A9%9F%E9%87%8F%E5%AD%90%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%B8&fulltext=1" title="搜索文件">多媒体</a></li><li class="normal"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E6%90%9C%E7%B4%A2&profile=all&search=%E9%9A%A8%E6%A9%9F%E9%87%8F%E5%AD%90%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%B8&fulltext=1" title="搜索所有内容（包括讨论页）">全部</a></li><li class="current"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E6%90%9C%E7%B4%A2&profile=advanced&search=%E9%9A%A8%E6%A9%9F%E9%87%8F%E5%AD%90%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%B8&fulltext=1" title="在自定义命名空间中搜索">高级</a></li></ul></div><div style="clear:both"></div></div><fieldset id="mw-searchoptions"><legend>高级搜索</legend><h4>搜索命名空间：</h4><div id="mw-search-togglebox"><label>选择：</label><input type="button" id="mw-search-toggleall" value="全选"><input type="button" id="mw-search-togglenone" value="全不选"></div><div class="divider"></div><div class="checkbox-wrapper"><div><div class='oo-ui-layout oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-fieldLayout oo-ui-fieldLayout-align-inline'><div class='oo-ui-fieldLayout-body'><span class='oo-ui-fieldLayout-field'><span class='oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-inputWidget oo-ui-checkboxInputWidget'><input type='checkbox' tabindex='0' name='ns0' value='1' id='mw-search-ns0' checked='checked' class='oo-ui-inputWidget-input' /><span class='oo-ui-checkboxInputWidget-checkIcon oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-check oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement-invisible oo-ui-iconWidget oo-ui-image-invert'></span></span></span><span class='oo-ui-fieldLayout-header'><label for='mw-search-ns0' class='oo-ui-labelElement-label'>条目</label></span></div></div><div class='oo-ui-layout oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-fieldLayout oo-ui-fieldLayout-align-inline'><div class='oo-ui-fieldLayout-body'><span class='oo-ui-fieldLayout-field'><span class='oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-inputWidget oo-ui-checkboxInputWidget'><input type='checkbox' tabindex='0' name='ns1' value='1' id='mw-search-ns1' class='oo-ui-inputWidget-input' /><span class='oo-ui-checkboxInputWidget-checkIcon oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-check oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement-invisible oo-ui-iconWidget oo-ui-image-invert'></span></span></span><span class='oo-ui-fieldLayout-header'><label for='mw-search-ns1' class='oo-ui-labelElement-label'>Talk</label></span></div></div></div><div><div class='oo-ui-layout oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-fieldLayout oo-ui-fieldLayout-align-inline'><div class='oo-ui-fieldLayout-body'><span class='oo-ui-fieldLayout-field'><span class='oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-inputWidget oo-ui-checkboxInputWidget'><input type='checkbox' tabindex='0' name='ns2' value='1' id='mw-search-ns2' class='oo-ui-inputWidget-input' /><span class='oo-ui-checkboxInputWidget-checkIcon oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-check oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement-invisible oo-ui-iconWidget oo-ui-image-invert'></span></span></span><span class='oo-ui-fieldLayout-header'><label for='mw-search-ns2' class='oo-ui-labelElement-label'>User</label></span></div></div><div class='oo-ui-layout oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-fieldLayout oo-ui-fieldLayout-align-inline'><div class='oo-ui-fieldLayout-body'><span class='oo-ui-fieldLayout-field'><span class='oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-inputWidget oo-ui-checkboxInputWidget'><input type='checkbox' tabindex='0' name='ns3' value='1' id='mw-search-ns3' class='oo-ui-inputWidget-input' /><span class='oo-ui-checkboxInputWidget-checkIcon oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-check oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement-invisible oo-ui-iconWidget oo-ui-image-invert'></span></span></span><span class='oo-ui-fieldLayout-header'><label for='mw-search-ns3' class='oo-ui-labelElement-label'>User talk</label></span></div></div></div><div><div class='oo-ui-layout oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-fieldLayout oo-ui-fieldLayout-align-inline'><div class='oo-ui-fieldLayout-body'><span class='oo-ui-fieldLayout-field'><span class='oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-inputWidget oo-ui-checkboxInputWidget'><input type='checkbox' tabindex='0' name='ns4' value='1' id='mw-search-ns4' class='oo-ui-inputWidget-input' /><span class='oo-ui-checkboxInputWidget-checkIcon oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-check oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement-invisible oo-ui-iconWidget oo-ui-image-invert'></span></span></span><span class='oo-ui-fieldLayout-header'><label for='mw-search-ns4' class='oo-ui-labelElement-label'>维基百科</label></span></div></div><div class='oo-ui-layout oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-fieldLayout oo-ui-fieldLayout-align-inline'><div class='oo-ui-fieldLayout-body'><span class='oo-ui-fieldLayout-field'><span class='oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-inputWidget oo-ui-checkboxInputWidget'><input type='checkbox' tabindex='0' name='ns5' value='1' id='mw-search-ns5' class='oo-ui-inputWidget-input' /><span class='oo-ui-checkboxInputWidget-checkIcon oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-check oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement-invisible oo-ui-iconWidget oo-ui-image-invert'></span></span></span><span class='oo-ui-fieldLayout-header'><label for='mw-search-ns5' class='oo-ui-labelElement-label'>维基百科讨论</label></span></div></div></div><div><div class='oo-ui-layout oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-fieldLayout oo-ui-fieldLayout-align-inline'><div class='oo-ui-fieldLayout-body'><span class='oo-ui-fieldLayout-field'><span class='oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-inputWidget oo-ui-checkboxInputWidget'><input type='checkbox' tabindex='0' name='ns6' value='1' id='mw-search-ns6' class='oo-ui-inputWidget-input' /><span class='oo-ui-checkboxInputWidget-checkIcon oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-check oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement-invisible oo-ui-iconWidget oo-ui-image-invert'></span></span></span><span class='oo-ui-fieldLayout-header'><label for='mw-search-ns6' class='oo-ui-labelElement-label'>File</label></span></div></div><div class='oo-ui-layout oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-fieldLayout oo-ui-fieldLayout-align-inline'><div class='oo-ui-fieldLayout-body'><span class='oo-ui-fieldLayout-field'><span class='oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-inputWidget oo-ui-checkboxInputWidget'><input type='checkbox' tabindex='0' name='ns7' value='1' id='mw-search-ns7' class='oo-ui-inputWidget-input' /><span class='oo-ui-checkboxInputWidget-checkIcon oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-check oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement-invisible oo-ui-iconWidget oo-ui-image-invert'></span></span></span><span class='oo-ui-fieldLayout-header'><label for='mw-search-ns7' class='oo-ui-labelElement-label'>File talk</label></span></div></div></div><div><div class='oo-ui-layout oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-fieldLayout oo-ui-fieldLayout-align-inline'><div class='oo-ui-fieldLayout-body'><span class='oo-ui-fieldLayout-field'><span class='oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-inputWidget oo-ui-checkboxInputWidget'><input type='checkbox' tabindex='0' name='ns8' value='1' id='mw-search-ns8' class='oo-ui-inputWidget-input' /><span class='oo-ui-checkboxInputWidget-checkIcon oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-check oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement-invisible oo-ui-iconWidget oo-ui-image-invert'></span></span></span><span class='oo-ui-fieldLayout-header'><label for='mw-search-ns8' class='oo-ui-labelElement-label'>MediaWiki</label></span></div></div><div class='oo-ui-layout oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-fieldLayout oo-ui-fieldLayout-align-inline'><div class='oo-ui-fieldLayout-body'><span class='oo-ui-fieldLayout-field'><span class='oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-inputWidget oo-ui-checkboxInputWidget'><input type='checkbox' tabindex='0' name='ns9' value='1' id='mw-search-ns9' class='oo-ui-inputWidget-input' /><span class='oo-ui-checkboxInputWidget-checkIcon oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-check oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement-invisible oo-ui-iconWidget oo-ui-image-invert'></span></span></span><span class='oo-ui-fieldLayout-header'><label for='mw-search-ns9' class='oo-ui-labelElement-label'>MediaWiki talk</label></span></div></div></div><div><div class='oo-ui-layout oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-fieldLayout oo-ui-fieldLayout-align-inline'><div class='oo-ui-fieldLayout-body'><span class='oo-ui-fieldLayout-field'><span class='oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-inputWidget oo-ui-checkboxInputWidget'><input type='checkbox' tabindex='0' name='ns10' value='1' id='mw-search-ns10' class='oo-ui-inputWidget-input' /><span class='oo-ui-checkboxInputWidget-checkIcon oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-check oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement-invisible oo-ui-iconWidget oo-ui-image-invert'></span></span></span><span class='oo-ui-fieldLayout-header'><label for='mw-search-ns10' class='oo-ui-labelElement-label'>Template</label></span></div></div><div class='oo-ui-layout oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-fieldLayout oo-ui-fieldLayout-align-inline'><div class='oo-ui-fieldLayout-body'><span class='oo-ui-fieldLayout-field'><span class='oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-inputWidget oo-ui-checkboxInputWidget'><input type='checkbox' tabindex='0' name='ns11' value='1' id='mw-search-ns11' class='oo-ui-inputWidget-input' /><span class='oo-ui-checkboxInputWidget-checkIcon oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-check oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement-invisible oo-ui-iconWidget oo-ui-image-invert'></span></span></span><span class='oo-ui-fieldLayout-header'><label for='mw-search-ns11' class='oo-ui-labelElement-label'>Template talk</label></span></div></div></div><div><div class='oo-ui-layout oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-fieldLayout oo-ui-fieldLayout-align-inline'><div class='oo-ui-fieldLayout-body'><span class='oo-ui-fieldLayout-field'><span class='oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-inputWidget oo-ui-checkboxInputWidget'><input type='checkbox' tabindex='0' name='ns12' value='1' id='mw-search-ns12' class='oo-ui-inputWidget-input' /><span class='oo-ui-checkboxInputWidget-checkIcon oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-check oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement-invisible oo-ui-iconWidget oo-ui-image-invert'></span></span></span><span class='oo-ui-fieldLayout-header'><label for='mw-search-ns12' class='oo-ui-labelElement-label'>Help</label></span></div></div><div class='oo-ui-layout oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-fieldLayout oo-ui-fieldLayout-align-inline'><div class='oo-ui-fieldLayout-body'><span class='oo-ui-fieldLayout-field'><span class='oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-inputWidget oo-ui-checkboxInputWidget'><input type='checkbox' tabindex='0' name='ns13' value='1' id='mw-search-ns13' class='oo-ui-inputWidget-input' /><span class='oo-ui-checkboxInputWidget-checkIcon oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-check oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement-invisible oo-ui-iconWidget oo-ui-image-invert'></span></span></span><span class='oo-ui-fieldLayout-header'><label for='mw-search-ns13' class='oo-ui-labelElement-label'>Help talk</label></span></div></div></div><div><div class='oo-ui-layout oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-fieldLayout oo-ui-fieldLayout-align-inline'><div class='oo-ui-fieldLayout-body'><span class='oo-ui-fieldLayout-field'><span class='oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-inputWidget oo-ui-checkboxInputWidget'><input type='checkbox' tabindex='0' name='ns14' value='1' id='mw-search-ns14' class='oo-ui-inputWidget-input' /><span class='oo-ui-checkboxInputWidget-checkIcon oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-check oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement-invisible oo-ui-iconWidget oo-ui-image-invert'></span></span></span><span class='oo-ui-fieldLayout-header'><label for='mw-search-ns14' class='oo-ui-labelElement-label'>Category</label></span></div></div><div class='oo-ui-layout oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-fieldLayout oo-ui-fieldLayout-align-inline'><div class='oo-ui-fieldLayout-body'><span class='oo-ui-fieldLayout-field'><span class='oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-inputWidget oo-ui-checkboxInputWidget'><input type='checkbox' tabindex='0' name='ns15' value='1' id='mw-search-ns15' class='oo-ui-inputWidget-input' /><span class='oo-ui-checkboxInputWidget-checkIcon oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-check oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement-invisible oo-ui-iconWidget oo-ui-image-invert'></span></span></span><span class='oo-ui-fieldLayout-header'><label for='mw-search-ns15' class='oo-ui-labelElement-label'>Category talk</label></span></div></div></div><div><div class='oo-ui-layout oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-fieldLayout oo-ui-fieldLayout-align-inline'><div class='oo-ui-fieldLayout-body'><span class='oo-ui-fieldLayout-field'><span class='oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-inputWidget oo-ui-checkboxInputWidget'><input type='checkbox' tabindex='0' name='ns100' value='1' id='mw-search-ns100' class='oo-ui-inputWidget-input' /><span class='oo-ui-checkboxInputWidget-checkIcon oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-check oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement-invisible oo-ui-iconWidget oo-ui-image-invert'></span></span></span><span class='oo-ui-fieldLayout-header'><label for='mw-search-ns100' class='oo-ui-labelElement-label'>主题</label></span></div></div><div class='oo-ui-layout oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-fieldLayout oo-ui-fieldLayout-align-inline'><div class='oo-ui-fieldLayout-body'><span class='oo-ui-fieldLayout-field'><span class='oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-inputWidget oo-ui-checkboxInputWidget'><input type='checkbox' tabindex='0' name='ns101' value='1' id='mw-search-ns101' class='oo-ui-inputWidget-input' /><span class='oo-ui-checkboxInputWidget-checkIcon oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-check oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement-invisible oo-ui-iconWidget oo-ui-image-invert'></span></span></span><span class='oo-ui-fieldLayout-header'><label for='mw-search-ns101' class='oo-ui-labelElement-label'>主题讨论</label></span></div></div></div><div><div class='oo-ui-layout oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-fieldLayout oo-ui-fieldLayout-align-inline'><div class='oo-ui-fieldLayout-body'><span class='oo-ui-fieldLayout-field'><span class='oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-inputWidget oo-ui-checkboxInputWidget'><input type='checkbox' tabindex='0' name='ns102' value='1' id='mw-search-ns102' class='oo-ui-inputWidget-input' /><span class='oo-ui-checkboxInputWidget-checkIcon oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-check oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement-invisible oo-ui-iconWidget oo-ui-image-invert'></span></span></span><span class='oo-ui-fieldLayout-header'><label for='mw-search-ns102' class='oo-ui-labelElement-label'>维基专题</label></span></div></div><div class='oo-ui-layout oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-fieldLayout oo-ui-fieldLayout-align-inline'><div class='oo-ui-fieldLayout-body'><span class='oo-ui-fieldLayout-field'><span class='oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-inputWidget oo-ui-checkboxInputWidget'><input type='checkbox' tabindex='0' name='ns103' value='1' id='mw-search-ns103' class='oo-ui-inputWidget-input' /><span class='oo-ui-checkboxInputWidget-checkIcon oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-check oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement-invisible oo-ui-iconWidget oo-ui-image-invert'></span></span></span><span class='oo-ui-fieldLayout-header'><label for='mw-search-ns103' class='oo-ui-labelElement-label'>维基专题讨论</label></span></div></div></div><div><div class='oo-ui-layout oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-fieldLayout oo-ui-fieldLayout-align-inline'><div class='oo-ui-fieldLayout-body'><span class='oo-ui-fieldLayout-field'><span class='oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-inputWidget oo-ui-checkboxInputWidget'><input type='checkbox' tabindex='0' name='ns118' value='1' id='mw-search-ns118' class='oo-ui-inputWidget-input' /><span class='oo-ui-checkboxInputWidget-checkIcon oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-check oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement-invisible oo-ui-iconWidget oo-ui-image-invert'></span></span></span><span class='oo-ui-fieldLayout-header'><label for='mw-search-ns118' class='oo-ui-labelElement-label'>草稿</label></span></div></div><div class='oo-ui-layout oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-fieldLayout oo-ui-fieldLayout-align-inline'><div class='oo-ui-fieldLayout-body'><span class='oo-ui-fieldLayout-field'><span class='oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-inputWidget oo-ui-checkboxInputWidget'><input type='checkbox' tabindex='0' name='ns119' value='1' id='mw-search-ns119' class='oo-ui-inputWidget-input' /><span class='oo-ui-checkboxInputWidget-checkIcon oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-check oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement-invisible oo-ui-iconWidget oo-ui-image-invert'></span></span></span><span class='oo-ui-fieldLayout-header'><label for='mw-search-ns119' class='oo-ui-labelElement-label'>草稿讨论</label></span></div></div></div><div><div class='oo-ui-layout oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-fieldLayout oo-ui-fieldLayout-align-inline'><div class='oo-ui-fieldLayout-body'><span class='oo-ui-fieldLayout-field'><span class='oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-inputWidget oo-ui-checkboxInputWidget'><input type='checkbox' tabindex='0' name='ns126' value='1' id='mw-search-ns126' class='oo-ui-inputWidget-input' /><span class='oo-ui-checkboxInputWidget-checkIcon oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-check oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement-invisible oo-ui-iconWidget oo-ui-image-invert'></span></span></span><span class='oo-ui-fieldLayout-header'><label for='mw-search-ns126' class='oo-ui-labelElement-label'>MOS</label></span></div></div><div class='oo-ui-layout oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-fieldLayout oo-ui-fieldLayout-align-inline'><div class='oo-ui-fieldLayout-body'><span class='oo-ui-fieldLayout-field'><span class='oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-inputWidget oo-ui-checkboxInputWidget'><input type='checkbox' tabindex='0' name='ns127' value='1' id='mw-search-ns127' class='oo-ui-inputWidget-input' /><span class='oo-ui-checkboxInputWidget-checkIcon oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-check oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement-invisible oo-ui-iconWidget oo-ui-image-invert'></span></span></span><span class='oo-ui-fieldLayout-header'><label for='mw-search-ns127' class='oo-ui-labelElement-label'>MOS talk</label></span></div></div></div><div><div class='oo-ui-layout oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-fieldLayout oo-ui-fieldLayout-align-inline'><div class='oo-ui-fieldLayout-body'><span class='oo-ui-fieldLayout-field'><span class='oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-inputWidget oo-ui-checkboxInputWidget'><input type='checkbox' tabindex='0' name='ns710' value='1' id='mw-search-ns710' class='oo-ui-inputWidget-input' /><span class='oo-ui-checkboxInputWidget-checkIcon oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-check oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement-invisible oo-ui-iconWidget oo-ui-image-invert'></span></span></span><span class='oo-ui-fieldLayout-header'><label for='mw-search-ns710' class='oo-ui-labelElement-label'>TimedText</label></span></div></div><div class='oo-ui-layout oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-fieldLayout oo-ui-fieldLayout-align-inline'><div class='oo-ui-fieldLayout-body'><span class='oo-ui-fieldLayout-field'><span class='oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-inputWidget oo-ui-checkboxInputWidget'><input type='checkbox' tabindex='0' name='ns711' value='1' id='mw-search-ns711' class='oo-ui-inputWidget-input' /><span class='oo-ui-checkboxInputWidget-checkIcon oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-check oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement-invisible oo-ui-iconWidget oo-ui-image-invert'></span></span></span><span class='oo-ui-fieldLayout-header'><label for='mw-search-ns711' class='oo-ui-labelElement-label'>TimedText talk</label></span></div></div></div><div><div class='oo-ui-layout oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-fieldLayout oo-ui-fieldLayout-align-inline'><div class='oo-ui-fieldLayout-body'><span class='oo-ui-fieldLayout-field'><span class='oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-inputWidget oo-ui-checkboxInputWidget'><input type='checkbox' tabindex='0' name='ns828' value='1' id='mw-search-ns828' class='oo-ui-inputWidget-input' /><span class='oo-ui-checkboxInputWidget-checkIcon oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-check oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement-invisible oo-ui-iconWidget oo-ui-image-invert'></span></span></span><span class='oo-ui-fieldLayout-header'><label for='mw-search-ns828' class='oo-ui-labelElement-label'>模組</label></span></div></div><div class='oo-ui-layout oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-fieldLayout oo-ui-fieldLayout-align-inline'><div class='oo-ui-fieldLayout-body'><span class='oo-ui-fieldLayout-field'><span class='oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-inputWidget oo-ui-checkboxInputWidget'><input type='checkbox' tabindex='0' name='ns829' value='1' id='mw-search-ns829' class='oo-ui-inputWidget-input' /><span class='oo-ui-checkboxInputWidget-checkIcon oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-check oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement-invisible oo-ui-iconWidget oo-ui-image-invert'></span></span></span><span class='oo-ui-fieldLayout-header'><label for='mw-search-ns829' class='oo-ui-labelElement-label'>模組討論</label></span></div></div></div><div><div class='oo-ui-layout oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-fieldLayout oo-ui-fieldLayout-align-inline'><div class='oo-ui-fieldLayout-body'><span class='oo-ui-fieldLayout-field'><span class='oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-inputWidget oo-ui-checkboxInputWidget'><input type='checkbox' tabindex='0' name='ns1728' value='1' id='mw-search-ns1728' class='oo-ui-inputWidget-input' /><span class='oo-ui-checkboxInputWidget-checkIcon oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-check oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement-invisible oo-ui-iconWidget oo-ui-image-invert'></span></span></span><span class='oo-ui-fieldLayout-header'><label for='mw-search-ns1728' class='oo-ui-labelElement-label'>Event</label></span></div></div><div class='oo-ui-layout oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-fieldLayout oo-ui-fieldLayout-align-inline'><div class='oo-ui-fieldLayout-body'><span class='oo-ui-fieldLayout-field'><span class='oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-inputWidget oo-ui-checkboxInputWidget'><input type='checkbox' tabindex='0' name='ns1729' value='1' id='mw-search-ns1729' class='oo-ui-inputWidget-input' /><span class='oo-ui-checkboxInputWidget-checkIcon oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-check oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement-invisible oo-ui-iconWidget oo-ui-image-invert'></span></span></span><span class='oo-ui-fieldLayout-header'><label for='mw-search-ns1729' class='oo-ui-labelElement-label'>Event talk</label></span></div></div></div></div></fieldset></form></div><div class="searchresults mw-searchresults-has-iw"><div class="mw-search-results-info"><p class="mw-search-createlink"> <u>您可以新建這個頁面「<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9A%A8%E6%A9%9F%E9%87%8F%E5%AD%90%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="隨機量子力學（页面不存在）">隨機量子力學</a>」，但應檢查下面的搜索結果，看看是否有相同內容的頁面已被創建。</u></p></div><div class="mw-search-visualclear"></div><div class='mw-search-pager-top'><div class="mw-pager-navigation-bar">查看（<span class="mw-prevlink">先前20次</span> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E6%90%9C%E7%B4%A2&limit=20&offset=20&ns0=1&search=%E9%9A%A8%E6%A9%9F%E9%87%8F%E5%AD%90%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%B8" rel="next" title="下20条结果" class="mw-nextlink">之后20次</a>）（<span class="mw-numlink">20</span> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E6%90%9C%E7%B4%A2&limit=50&offset=0&ns0=1&search=%E9%9A%A8%E6%A9%9F%E9%87%8F%E5%AD%90%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%B8" title="每页显示50个结果" class="mw-numlink">50</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E6%90%9C%E7%B4%A2&limit=100&offset=0&ns0=1&search=%E9%9A%A8%E6%A9%9F%E9%87%8F%E5%AD%90%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%B8" title="每页显示100个结果" class="mw-numlink">100</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E6%90%9C%E7%B4%A2&limit=250&offset=0&ns0=1&search=%E9%9A%A8%E6%A9%9F%E9%87%8F%E5%AD%90%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%B8" title="每页显示250个结果" class="mw-numlink">250</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E6%90%9C%E7%B4%A2&limit=500&offset=0&ns0=1&search=%E9%9A%A8%E6%A9%9F%E9%87%8F%E5%AD%90%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%B8" title="每页显示500个结果" class="mw-numlink">500</a>）</div></div> <div class="mw-search-results-container"><ul class='mw-search-results'><li class="mw-search-result mw-search-result-ns-0"><div class="searchResultImage"><div class="searchResultImage-thumbnail"><div class="searchResultImage-thumbnail-placeholder" aria-hidden="true"><?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20"><title> image layout frameless </title><path d="M19 3H1v14h18zM3 14l3.5-4.5 2.5 3L12.5 8l4.5 6z"/><path d="M19 5H1V3h18zm0 12H1v-2h18z"/></svg> </div></div><div class="searchResultImage-text"><div class="mw-search-result-heading"><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8F%E5%AD%90%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%B8%E8%A9%AE%E9%87%8B" title="量子力學詮釋" data-serp-pos="0"><span class="searchmatch">量子力學</span>詮釋</a> </div><div class="searchresult"><span class="searchmatch">量子力學</span>雖然已經過全面和嚴謹的實驗驗證，但對於應該如何詮釋這些實驗結果，此後又会對大自然的根本運作方式得出怎样的結論仍沒有定論，而這些各種不同的理解方式，則統稱為<span class="searchmatch">量子力學</span>詮釋。諸多學派的爭議點的其中包括了<span class="searchmatch">量子力學</span>可否理解為決定性理論，或是<span class="searchmatch">量子力學</span>的哪些方面是「真實存在」的等議題。…</div> <div class='mw-search-result-data'>34 KB（4,881个字） - 2024年9月27日 (五) 10:17</div></div></div></li><li class="mw-search-result mw-search-result-ns-0"><div class="searchResultImage"><div class="searchResultImage-thumbnail"><div class="searchResultImage-thumbnail-placeholder" aria-hidden="true"><?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20"><title> image layout frameless </title><path d="M19 3H1v14h18zM3 14l3.5-4.5 2.5 3L12.5 8l4.5 6z"/><path d="M19 5H1V3h18zm0 12H1v-2h18z"/></svg> </div></div><div class="searchResultImage-text"><div class="mw-search-result-heading"><a href="/wiki/%E9%9A%8F%E6%9C%BA%E6%80%A7" title="随机性" data-serp-pos="1"><span class="searchmatch">随机</span>性</a> </div><div class="searchresult">theories嘗試避開大自然包含不能降低的<span class="searchmatch">隨機</span>性，這樣的理論假定在看上去任意的過程中，有些符合統計分佈而暗藏的特性在幕後運作以得出結果。生物體的特徵在某种程度上是確定性地發生的（例如：在基因和環境的影響下），在某种程度上是<span class="searchmatch">隨機</span>發生的。例如，基因與曝光量僅僅支配著人體皮膚上出現的色斑密度；而單個色斑的精確位置看來是<span class="searchmatch">隨機</span>決定的。…</div> <div class='mw-search-result-data'>6 KB（1,010个字） - 2022年7月29日 (五) 04:34</div></div></div></li><li class="mw-search-result mw-search-result-ns-0"><div class="searchResultImage"><div class="searchResultImage-thumbnail"><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8F%E5%AD%90%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%A6" title="量子力学"><img alt="量子力学的缩略图" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Hydrogen_Density_Plots.png/120px-Hydrogen_Density_Plots.png" decoding="async" loading="lazy" width="120" height="109" data-file-width="2200" data-file-height="2000" /></a></div><div class="searchResultImage-text"><div class="mw-search-result-heading"><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8F%E5%AD%90%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%A6" title="量子力学" data-serp-pos="2"><span class="searchmatch">量子力学</span></a> </div><div class="searchresult">量子理论的重要应用包括宇宙學、量子化学、量子光学、量子计算、超导磁体、发光二极管、激光器、晶体管和半导体如微处理器等。愛因斯坦可能是在科學文獻中最先給出術語「<span class="searchmatch">量子力學</span>」的物理學者。 <span class="searchmatch">量子力學</span>逐漸從理論中興起，用來解釋與經典物理學不相符的觀測結果，例如馬克斯·普朗克在1900年解決黑體輻射問題，以及阿爾伯特·愛因斯坦1905…</div> <div class='mw-search-result-data'>67 KB（9,452个字） - 2024年11月5日 (二) 02:19</div></div></div></li><li class="mw-search-result mw-search-result-ns-0"><div class="searchResultImage"><div class="searchResultImage-thumbnail"><div class="searchResultImage-thumbnail-placeholder" aria-hidden="true"><?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20"><title> image layout frameless </title><path d="M19 3H1v14h18zM3 14l3.5-4.5 2.5 3L12.5 8l4.5 6z"/><path d="M19 5H1V3h18zm0 12H1v-2h18z"/></svg> </div></div><div class="searchResultImage-text"><div class="mw-search-result-heading"><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8F%E5%AD%90%E9%9A%A8%E6%A9%9F%E6%BC%AB%E6%AD%A5" title="量子隨機漫步" data-serp-pos="3">量子<span class="searchmatch">隨機</span>漫步</a> </div><div class="searchresult">量子<span class="searchmatch">随机</span>漫步（英語：Quantum Random Walk，縮寫為 QRW、量子<span class="searchmatch">随机</span>行走）是量子演算法中的重要核心，為量子資訊科學的分支，是一种利用<span class="searchmatch">量子力學</span>性質產生<span class="searchmatch">随机</span>過程的數學統計模型，分為离散量子<span class="searchmatch">隨機</span>漫步和連續量子<span class="searchmatch">随机</span>漫步，前者使用一枚量子銅板與漫步者共同演化，後者無需使用銅板而是透過马尔可夫…</div> <div class='mw-search-result-data'>3 KB（314个字） - 2022年12月25日 (日) 22:39</div></div></div></li><li class="mw-search-result mw-search-result-ns-0"><div class="searchResultImage"><div class="searchResultImage-thumbnail"><a href="/wiki/%E9%9A%A8%E6%A9%9F%E5%BE%AE%E5%88%86%E6%96%B9%E7%A8%8B" title="隨機微分方程"><img alt="隨機微分方程的缩略图" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Navier_Stokes_Laminar.svg/120px-Navier_Stokes_Laminar.svg.png" decoding="async" loading="lazy" width="120" height="96" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="720" /></a></div><div class="searchResultImage-text"><div class="mw-search-result-heading"><a href="/wiki/%E9%9A%A8%E6%A9%9F%E5%BE%AE%E5%88%86%E6%96%B9%E7%A8%8B" title="隨機微分方程" data-serp-pos="4"><span class="searchmatch">隨機</span>微分方程</a> </div><div class="searchresult"><span class="searchmatch">隨機</span>微分方程（英語：SDE, stochastic differential equation），是常微分方程的擴展，其项是<span class="searchmatch">随机</span>过程，解也是<span class="searchmatch">随机</span>过程。其形容一個<span class="searchmatch">隨機</span>變數的變動過程，也就是常微分方程加上一個白噪音項。一般微分方程的對象為可導函數，並以其建立等式。然而，<span class="searchmatch">隨機</span>…</div> <div class='mw-search-result-data'>30 KB（5,435个字） - 2024年8月6日 (二) 06:18</div></div></div></li><li class="mw-search-result mw-search-result-ns-0"><div class="searchResultImage"><div class="searchResultImage-thumbnail"><div class="searchResultImage-thumbnail-placeholder" aria-hidden="true"><?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20"><title> image layout frameless </title><path d="M19 3H1v14h18zM3 14l3.5-4.5 2.5 3L12.5 8l4.5 6z"/><path d="M19 5H1V3h18zm0 12H1v-2h18z"/></svg> </div></div><div class="searchResultImage-text"><div class="mw-search-result-heading"><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8F%E5%AD%90%E5%BC%95%E5%8A%9B" title="量子引力" data-serp-pos="5">量子引力</a> <span class='searchalttitle'>（章节<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8F%E5%AD%90%E5%BC%95%E5%8A%9B#量子力學與廣義相對論的不相容" title="量子引力"><span class="searchmatch">量子力學</span>與廣義相對論的不相容</a>）</span> </div><div class="searchresult">量子引力，是對引力場進行量子化描述的理論，屬於萬有理論之一。研究方向主要嘗試結合廣義相對論與<span class="searchmatch">量子力學</span>，是當前物理學尚未解决的問題。當前主流嘗試理論有：超弦理論、迴圈量子重力理論。未解決的物理學問題：如何將<span class="searchmatch">量子力學</span>與廣義相對論、引力現象合併在一起，並且在微觀長度等級下維持正確性？任何候選的量子引力理論能提供什麼樣可證實的預測呢？…</div> <div class='mw-search-result-data'>13 KB（1,897个字） - 2024年4月10日 (三) 18:36</div></div></div></li><li class="mw-search-result mw-search-result-ns-0"><div class="searchResultImage"><div class="searchResultImage-thumbnail"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E9%87%8C%C2%B7%E8%A5%BF%E8%92%99" title="巴里·西蒙"><img alt="巴里·西蒙的缩略图" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Barry_Simon_2015.jpg/150px-Barry_Simon_2015.jpg" decoding="async" loading="lazy" width="150" height="226" data-file-width="318" data-file-height="480" /></a></div><div class="searchResultImage-text"><div class="mw-search-result-heading"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E9%87%8C%C2%B7%E8%A5%BF%E8%92%99" title="巴里·西蒙" data-serp-pos="6">巴里·西蒙</a> </div><div class="searchresult">“非相對性<span class="searchmatch">量子力學</span>”的英文原名為：nonrelativistic quantum mechanics。此處的<span class="searchmatch">隨機</span>矩陣並非轉移矩陣（英語：Stochastic Matrix）；<span class="searchmatch">隨機</span>矩陣中的部分或全部元素都是<span class="searchmatch">隨機</span>變數。注：哈佛學院不是哈佛大學。 Caltech…</div> <div class='mw-search-result-data'>8 KB（730个字） - 2023年6月20日 (二) 01:35</div></div></div></li><li class="mw-search-result mw-search-result-ns-0"><div class="searchResultImage"><div class="searchResultImage-thumbnail"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E5%9F%BA%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E5%93%88%E7%BD%97%E8%AF%BA%E5%A4%AB" title="亚基尔·阿哈罗诺夫"><img alt="亚基尔·阿哈罗诺夫的缩略图" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Yakir_aharonov.jpg/180px-Yakir_aharonov.jpg" decoding="async" loading="lazy" width="180" height="105" data-file-width="540" data-file-height="315" /></a></div><div class="searchResultImage-text"><div class="mw-search-result-heading"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E5%9F%BA%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E5%93%88%E7%BD%97%E8%AF%BA%E5%A4%AB" title="亚基尔·阿哈罗诺夫" data-serp-pos="7">亚基尔·阿哈罗诺夫</a> </div><div class="searchresult">亞基爾·阿哈羅諾夫的研究方向為<span class="searchmatch">量子力學</span>外的拓撲效應、量子場論、<span class="searchmatch">量子力學</span>的解釋。1959年，他與戴維·玻姆提出阿哈諾夫－波姆效應，因而一同獲得1998年沃爾夫獎，並於1993年共同提出量子<span class="searchmatch">隨機</span>漫步． 1988年，亞基爾·阿哈羅諾夫與其博士生大衛·艾伯特（英语：David…</div> <div class='mw-search-result-data'>13 KB（1,002个字） - 2024年11月9日 (六) 10:32</div></div></div></li><li class="mw-search-result mw-search-result-ns-0"><div class="searchResultImage"><div class="searchResultImage-thumbnail"><div class="searchResultImage-thumbnail-placeholder" aria-hidden="true"><?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20"><title> image layout frameless </title><path d="M19 3H1v14h18zM3 14l3.5-4.5 2.5 3L12.5 8l4.5 6z"/><path d="M19 5H1V3h18zm0 12H1v-2h18z"/></svg> </div></div><div class="searchResultImage-text"><div class="mw-search-result-heading"><a href="/wiki/%E9%9A%B1%E8%AE%8A%E9%87%8F%E7%90%86%E8%AB%96" title="隱變量理論" data-serp-pos="8">隱變量理論</a> <span class='searchalttitle'>（重定向自<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8F%E5%AD%90%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%A6%E9%9A%90%E5%8F%98%E9%87%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="量子力学隐变量"><span class="searchmatch">量子力学</span>隐变量</a>）</span> </div><div class="searchresult"><span class="searchmatch">隨機</span>性。歷史上愛因斯坦是隱變量理論的主要倡導者，出於對標準<span class="searchmatch">量子力學</span>詮釋的機率性解釋的不滿。他曾說：「我相信上帝不擲骰子。」 1935年，愛因斯坦與波多爾斯基、羅森共同提出的EPR悖論（以姓氏字首為縮寫）試圖對哥本哈根詮釋做出挑戰，論文中指出「實在性元素」（即隱變量）應該加入<span class="searchmatch">量子力學</span>…</div> <div class='mw-search-result-data'>8 KB（917个字） - 2023年11月24日 (五) 01:05</div></div></div></li><li class="mw-search-result mw-search-result-ns-0"><div class="searchResultImage"><div class="searchResultImage-thumbnail"><div class="searchResultImage-thumbnail-placeholder" aria-hidden="true"><?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20"><title> image layout frameless </title><path d="M19 3H1v14h18zM3 14l3.5-4.5 2.5 3L12.5 8l4.5 6z"/><path d="M19 5H1V3h18zm0 12H1v-2h18z"/></svg> </div></div><div class="searchResultImage-text"><div class="mw-search-result-heading"><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8F%E5%AD%90%E6%B8%AC%E9%87%8F" title="量子測量" data-serp-pos="9">量子測量</a> <span class='searchalttitle'>（章节<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8F%E5%AD%90%E6%B8%AC%E9%87%8F#測量過程是隨機的或是決定性的？" title="量子測量">測量過程是<span class="searchmatch">隨機</span>的或是決定性的？</a>）</span> </div><div class="searchresult">，所以測量後其他的可能狀態仍然存於不同的世界中。一般一致認為<span class="searchmatch">量子力學</span>的測量顯現出<span class="searchmatch">隨機</span>的特性，但這究竟是本質上的<span class="searchmatch">隨機</span>，或只是看似<span class="searchmatch">隨機</span>，則仍然沒有定論。<span class="searchmatch">量子力學</span>背後可能存在隱變數理論，以決定性的方式，在特定的安排方式下，使實驗結果看似<span class="searchmatch">隨機</span>。隱變數理論如果存在，將會是「非定域性的」。這仍是熱門的研究領域之一。…</div> <div class='mw-search-result-data'>10 KB（1,805个字） - 2022年12月25日 (日) 22:32</div></div></div></li><li class="mw-search-result mw-search-result-ns-0"><div class="searchResultImage"><div class="searchResultImage-thumbnail"><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8F%E5%AD%90%E5%AF%86%E7%A2%BC%E5%AD%B8" title="量子密碼學"><img alt="量子密碼學的缩略图" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Three_stage_quantum_cryptography_protocol.png/220px-Three_stage_quantum_cryptography_protocol.png" decoding="async" loading="lazy" width="220" height="97" data-file-width="797" data-file-height="350" /></a></div><div class="searchResultImage-text"><div class="mw-search-result-heading"><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8F%E5%AD%90%E5%AF%86%E7%A2%BC%E5%AD%B8" title="量子密碼學" data-serp-pos="10">量子密碼學</a> </div><div class="searchresult">於，除了古典密碼學上的數學難題之外，再加上某些<span class="searchmatch">量子力學</span>的特性，可達成古典密碼學無法企及的效果。例如，以量子態加密的資訊無法被複製。又例如，任何試圖嘗試讀取量子態的行動，都會改變量子態本身。這使得任何竊聽量子態的行動會被發現。量子密码是一种基于<span class="searchmatch">量子力学</span>原理的加密方式，使用了量子比特之间的相互作用和…</div> <div class='mw-search-result-data'>4 KB（573个字） - 2023年8月14日 (一) 03:34</div></div></div></li><li class="mw-search-result mw-search-result-ns-0"><div class="searchResultImage"><div class="searchResultImage-thumbnail"><div class="searchResultImage-thumbnail-placeholder" aria-hidden="true"><?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20"><title> image layout frameless </title><path d="M19 3H1v14h18zM3 14l3.5-4.5 2.5 3L12.5 8l4.5 6z"/><path d="M19 5H1V3h18zm0 12H1v-2h18z"/></svg> </div></div><div class="searchResultImage-text"><div class="mw-search-result-heading"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%AA%E9%9A%8F%E6%9C%BA%E6%80%A7" title="伪随机性" data-serp-pos="11">伪<span class="searchmatch">随机</span>性</a> </div><div class="searchresult">卡罗方法上使用的偽隨機數也必須挑選週期極長、<span class="searchmatch">隨機</span>性夠高的<span class="searchmatch">隨機</span>函數，以確保計算結果有足夠的<span class="searchmatch">隨機</span>性。伪<span class="searchmatch">随机</span>数的一个特别大的优点是它们的计算不需要外部的特殊硬件的支持，因此在計算機科學中伪<span class="searchmatch">随机</span>数依然被使用。真正的<span class="searchmatch">随机</span>数必须使用专门的设备，比如熱噪訊號、<span class="searchmatch">量子力学</span>的效应、放射性元素的衰退輻射，或使用无法预测…</div> <div class='mw-search-result-data'>4 KB（592个字） - 2022年5月1日 (日) 08:46</div></div></div></li><li class="mw-search-result mw-search-result-ns-0"><div class="searchResultImage"><div class="searchResultImage-thumbnail"><div class="searchResultImage-thumbnail-placeholder" aria-hidden="true"><?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20"><title> image layout frameless </title><path d="M19 3H1v14h18zM3 14l3.5-4.5 2.5 3L12.5 8l4.5 6z"/><path d="M19 5H1V3h18zm0 12H1v-2h18z"/></svg> </div></div><div class="searchResultImage-text"><div class="mw-search-result-heading"><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%A2%E8%A7%80%E5%9D%8D%E7%B8%AE%E7%90%86%E8%AB%96" title="客觀坍縮理論" data-serp-pos="12">客觀坍縮理論</a> <span class='searchalttitle'>（分类<span class="searchmatch">量子力學</span>詮釋）</span> </div><div class="searchresult">在<span class="searchmatch">量子力學</span>裏，客觀坍縮理論（objective collapse theory）倚靠修改含時薛定諤方程式來建構一種促使波函數坍縮的機制。薛定諤方程式具有決定性、可逆性與線性，而波函數坍縮是一種<span class="searchmatch">隨機</span>性、不可逆性與非線性過程，因此，薛定諤方程式無法描述波函數坍縮的現象。但有些物理學者認為，假若能夠按照…</div> <div class='mw-search-result-data'>12 KB（1,952个字） - 2022年10月11日 (二) 00:34</div></div></div></li><li class="mw-search-result mw-search-result-ns-0"><div class="searchResultImage"><div class="searchResultImage-thumbnail"><div class="searchResultImage-thumbnail-placeholder" aria-hidden="true"><?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20"><title> image layout frameless </title><path d="M19 3H1v14h18zM3 14l3.5-4.5 2.5 3L12.5 8l4.5 6z"/><path d="M19 5H1V3h18zm0 12H1v-2h18z"/></svg> </div></div><div class="searchResultImage-text"><div class="mw-search-result-heading"><a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%93%E5%85%B8%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%B8%E5%92%8C%E9%87%8F%E5%AD%90%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%B8%E6%95%99%E7%A7%91%E6%9B%B8%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="經典力學和量子力學教科書列表" data-serp-pos="13">經典力學和<span class="searchmatch">量子力學</span>教科書列表</a> </div><div class="searchresult">这是经典力学和<span class="searchmatch">量子力学</span>教科书列表，按照書目的程度和作者姓氏的字母顺序排列。 Feynman, Richard P. The Feynman Lectures on Physics 1 2nd. Addison-Wesley. 2005. ISBN 978-0-8053-9065-0. Halliday…</div> <div class='mw-search-result-data'>11 KB（886个字） - 2024年9月8日 (日) 01:52</div></div></div></li><li class="mw-search-result mw-search-result-ns-0"><div class="searchResultImage"><div class="searchResultImage-thumbnail"><div class="searchResultImage-thumbnail-placeholder" aria-hidden="true"><?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20"><title> image layout frameless </title><path d="M19 3H1v14h18zM3 14l3.5-4.5 2.5 3L12.5 8l4.5 6z"/><path d="M19 5H1V3h18zm0 12H1v-2h18z"/></svg> </div></div><div class="searchResultImage-text"><div class="mw-search-result-heading"><a href="/wiki/%E8%B2%9D%E7%88%BE%E5%AE%9A%E7%90%86%E7%9A%84%E5%AF%A6%E9%A9%97%E9%A9%97%E8%AD%89" title="貝爾定理的實驗驗證" data-serp-pos="14">貝爾定理的實驗驗證</a> </div><div class="searchresult">Test）展開，並召集到世界各地超過10萬名志願者。在實驗中，所有志願者都需要基於個人的自由意志不斷地進行選擇形成二進制<span class="searchmatch">隨機</span>數，在過關遊戲中快速<span class="searchmatch">隨機</span>地按下0或者1，12小時內共持續產生每秒逾1000比特的數據流，全部記錄在互聯網雲端，並被實時和<span class="searchmatch">隨機</span>地發放給分布在世界各地的相關研究團隊，用以控制這些研究團隊的貝爾不等式檢驗實驗。大貝爾…</div> <div class='mw-search-result-data'>5 KB（686个字） - 2024年10月17日 (四) 04:33</div></div></div></li><li class="mw-search-result mw-search-result-ns-0"><div class="searchResultImage"><div class="searchResultImage-thumbnail"><div class="searchResultImage-thumbnail-placeholder" aria-hidden="true"><?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20"><title> image layout frameless </title><path d="M19 3H1v14h18zM3 14l3.5-4.5 2.5 3L12.5 8l4.5 6z"/><path d="M19 5H1V3h18zm0 12H1v-2h18z"/></svg> </div></div><div class="searchResultImage-text"><div class="mw-search-result-heading"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E4%BD%93%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98" title="多体问题" data-serp-pos="15">多体问题</a> <span class='searchalttitle'>（分类<span class="searchmatch">量子力学</span>）</span> </div><div class="searchresult">多體問題為一大類物理問題的通稱。那些問題與大量粒子構成的微觀系統有關，且粒子之間有交互作用。要精確描述這些微觀系統，將會用到<span class="searchmatch">量子力學</span>。三體以上的系統即被視為多體系統，不過因為三體和四體可以用特定的方法處理，有時會被歸類為少體系統（英语：Few-body systems）。在這樣的量子系統中，粒子之間…</div> <div class='mw-search-result-data'>2 KB（287个字） - 2022年10月10日 (一) 07:48</div></div></div></li><li class="mw-search-result mw-search-result-ns-0"><div class="searchResultImage"><div class="searchResultImage-thumbnail"><a href="/wiki/%E7%88%B1%E5%9B%A0%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6-%E6%B3%A2%E5%A4%9A%E5%B0%94%E6%96%AF%E5%9F%BA-%E7%BD%97%E6%A3%AE%E4%BD%AF%E8%B0%AC" title="爱因斯坦-波多尔斯基-罗森佯谬"><img alt="爱因斯坦-波多尔斯基-罗森佯谬的缩略图" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Einstein.jpg/120px-Einstein.jpg" decoding="async" loading="lazy" width="120" height="159" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="797" /></a></div><div class="searchResultImage-text"><div class="mw-search-result-heading"><a href="/wiki/%E7%88%B1%E5%9B%A0%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6-%E6%B3%A2%E5%A4%9A%E5%B0%94%E6%96%AF%E5%9F%BA-%E7%BD%97%E6%A3%AE%E4%BD%AF%E8%B0%AC" title="爱因斯坦-波多尔斯基-罗森佯谬" data-serp-pos="16">爱因斯坦-波多尔斯基-罗森佯谬</a> </div><div class="searchresult">因此提問，不論有沒有對於粒子做測量試驗，粒子是否具有明確的位置？對於這問題，<span class="searchmatch">量子力學</span>的哥本哈根詮釋表明，在測量之前，粒子的位置不具任何意義。EPR論文嘗試證明，粒子具有物理實在的要素，例如位置，因此<span class="searchmatch">量子力學</span>不完備，<span class="searchmatch">量子力學</span>無法在測量之前，明確預測粒子的位置。…</div> <div class='mw-search-result-data'>50 KB（7,635个字） - 2024年6月11日 (二) 08:06</div></div></div></li><li class="mw-search-result mw-search-result-ns-0"><div class="searchResultImage"><div class="searchResultImage-thumbnail"><div class="searchResultImage-thumbnail-placeholder" aria-hidden="true"><?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20"><title> image layout frameless </title><path d="M19 3H1v14h18zM3 14l3.5-4.5 2.5 3L12.5 8l4.5 6z"/><path d="M19 5H1V3h18zm0 12H1v-2h18z"/></svg> </div></div><div class="searchResultImage-text"><div class="mw-search-result-heading"><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8F%E5%AD%90%E6%B3%A1%E6%B2%AB" title="量子泡沫" data-serp-pos="17">量子泡沫</a> </div><div class="searchresult">time foam），是一種物理概念，最早在1955年由約翰·惠勒所提出<span class="searchmatch">量子力學</span>中的一個概念。量子泡沫即為誕生前宇宙的概念化。在量子泡沫的普朗克尺度（10-35公尺）裡，時空不再是平滑的，許多不同的形狀會像泡沫一樣<span class="searchmatch">隨機</span>浮出，又<span class="searchmatch">隨機</span>消失，這樣在微小世界的能量起伏，就是所謂的「量子漲落」。在量子漲落中形…</div> <div class='mw-search-result-data'>3 KB（387个字） - 2022年12月25日 (日) 22:32</div></div></div></li><li class="mw-search-result mw-search-result-ns-0"><div class="searchResultImage"><div class="searchResultImage-thumbnail"><a href="/wiki/%E8%B7%AF%E5%BE%91%E7%A9%8D%E5%88%86%E8%A1%A8%E8%BF%B0" title="路徑積分表述"><img alt="路徑積分表述的缩略图" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Three_paths_from_A_to_B.png/120px-Three_paths_from_A_to_B.png" decoding="async" loading="lazy" width="120" height="105" data-file-width="749" data-file-height="656" /></a></div><div class="searchResultImage-text"><div class="mw-search-result-heading"><a href="/wiki/%E8%B7%AF%E5%BE%91%E7%A9%8D%E5%88%86%E8%A1%A8%E8%BF%B0" title="路徑積分表述" data-serp-pos="18">路徑積分表述</a> <span class='searchalttitle'>（分类<span class="searchmatch">量子力學</span>詮釋）</span> </div><div class="searchresult">波動的統計場論統一奠下基礎。薛定諤方程式是虛擴散系數的擴散方程，而路徑積分表述是把所有可能的<span class="searchmatch">随機</span>移動路徑加起來的方法的解析延拓。因此路徑積分表述在應用於<span class="searchmatch">量子力學</span>前，已經應用在布朗運動和擴散問題上。 <span class="searchmatch">量子力學</span>中，哈密頓算符 H {\displaystyle H} 生成時間演化算符 U ( t b ,…</div> <div class='mw-search-result-data'>9 KB（2,145个字） - 2022年10月10日 (一) 07:50</div></div></div></li><li class="mw-search-result mw-search-result-ns-0"><div class="searchResultImage"><div class="searchResultImage-thumbnail"><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8F%E5%AD%90%E7%BA%8F%E7%B5%90" title="量子纏結"><img alt="量子纏結的缩略图" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/SPDC_figure_zh-hans.png/150px-SPDC_figure_zh-hans.png" decoding="async" loading="lazy" width="150" height="225" data-file-width="760" data-file-height="1140" /></a></div><div class="searchResultImage-text"><div class="mw-search-result-heading"><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8F%E5%AD%90%E7%BA%8F%E7%B5%90" title="量子纏結" data-serp-pos="19">量子纏結</a> <span class='searchalttitle'>（分类<span class="searchmatch">量子力学</span>）</span> </div><div class="searchresult"><span class="searchmatch">量子力學</span>的基礎理論。但是除了這方面以外，物理學者認為這論題與現代<span class="searchmatch">量子力學</span>並沒有甚麼牽扯，在之後很長一段時間，物理學術界並沒有特別重視這論題，也沒有發現EPR論文可能有甚麼重大瑕疵。EPR論文試圖建立定域性隱變量理論來替代<span class="searchmatch">量子力學</span>理論。1964年，約翰·貝爾提出論文表明，對於EPR思想實驗，<span class="searchmatch">量子力學</span>…</div> <div class='mw-search-result-data'>64 KB（9,335个字） - 2024年12月3日 (二) 02:35</div></div></div></li></ul></div><div id="mw-interwiki-results"><ul class="iw-results"><li class="iw-resultset" data-iw-resultset-pos="1" data-iw-resultset-source="b"><div class="iw-result__header"><span class='oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-logoWikibooks oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement-invisible oo-ui-iconWidget'></span><a href="https://zh.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Search?search=%E9%9A%A8%E6%A9%9F%E9%87%8F%E5%AD%90%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%B8&fulltext=1" target="_blank">来自维基教科书</a></div><div class="iw-result__title"><a href="https://zh.wikibooks.org/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%A6/%E6%A6%82%E7%8E%87%E4%B8%8E%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1/%E8%BF%9E%E7%BB%AD%E5%9E%8B%E9%9A%8F%E6%9C%BA%E5%8F%98%E9%87%8F%E4%B8%8E%E6%AD%A3%E6%80%81%E5%88%86%E5%B8%83%E7%AE%80%E4%BB%8B" class="extiw" title="b:高中数学/概率与统计/连续型随机变量与正态分布简介">高中数学/概率与统计/连续型<span class="searchmatch">随机</span>变量与正态分布简介</a> </div><div class="iw-result__content">阅读本节内容，需要先掌握离散型<span class="searchmatch">随机</span>变量、抽样方法与对总体的估计和导数及其应用这3个章节的知识。部分需要借助定积分符号阐述的内容，我们将其单独放在本节的“正态分布性质的积分形式表达”子章节以及部分习题中。正态分布的由来与法蘭西斯·高爾頓提出的钉板实验关系密切。由于在高尔顿板的实验过程中，每个小球在每一层都做了完全<span class="searchmatch">随机</span></div><div class="iw-result__footer"><a href="https://zh.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Search?search=%E9%9A%A8%E6%A9%9F%E9%87%8F%E5%AD%90%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%B8&fulltext=1" target="_blank">查看所有结果</a></div></li><li class="iw-resultset" data-iw-resultset-pos="2" data-iw-resultset-source="q"><div class="iw-result__header"><span class='oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-logoWikiquote oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement-invisible oo-ui-iconWidget'></span><a href="https://zh.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search?search=%E9%9A%A8%E6%A9%9F%E9%87%8F%E5%AD%90%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%B8&fulltext=1" target="_blank">来自维基语录</a></div><div class="iw-result__title"><a href="https://zh.wikiquote.org/wiki/%E6%B2%83%E5%A4%AB%E5%B2%A1%C2%B7%E5%8C%85%E7%AB%8B" class="extiw" title="q:沃夫岡·包立">沃夫岡·包立</a> </div><div class="iw-result__content">Pauli）的態度：反正不能同時量得一物體之位置與速度，因此探討它們是否實際存在只是一個哲學問題，不是物理家的工作。「自由意志需要某種非<span class="searchmatch">隨機</span>性 (nonrandomness)」(p.73)包力加指出「<span class="searchmatch">隨機</span>」的意思可以是 (a)「不能預測 (unpredictable)」、(b)「沒有成因 (uncaused)」、(c)「隨意或是沒有理由的</div><div class="iw-result__footer"><a href="https://zh.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search?search=%E9%9A%A8%E6%A9%9F%E9%87%8F%E5%AD%90%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%B8&fulltext=1" target="_blank">查看所有结果</a></div></li><li class="iw-resultset" data-iw-resultset-pos="3" data-iw-resultset-source="v"><div class="iw-result__header"><span class='oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-logoWikiversity oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement-invisible oo-ui-iconWidget'></span><a href="https://zh.wikiversity.org/wiki/Special:Search?search=%E9%9A%A8%E6%A9%9F%E9%87%8F%E5%AD%90%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%B8&fulltext=1" target="_blank">来自维基学院</a></div><div class="iw-result__title"><a href="https://zh.wikiversity.org/wiki/%E7%9B%B8%E5%AF%B9%E8%AE%BA" class="extiw" title="v:相对论">相对论</a> </div><div class="iw-result__content">爱因斯坦相对论描叙的是时间与空间的结合，时间的变化必然导致空间的变化，E=mc^2 广义相对论和<span class="searchmatch">量子力学</span>的最大冲突在于对四种基本作用力的描述上不能一致和重力是因爲時空的形狀而形成而不是牛頓力學的引力。 <span class="searchmatch">量子力学</span>认为力是由粒子的交换而来的，电磁力是由光子交换而来，弱力是由弱规范玻色子交换而来，强力是由胶子交换而来。</div><div class="iw-result__footer"><a href="https://zh.wikiversity.org/wiki/Special:Search?search=%E9%9A%A8%E6%A9%9F%E9%87%8F%E5%AD%90%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%B8&fulltext=1" target="_blank">查看所有结果</a></div></li></ul></div><div class="mw-search-visualclear"></div><div class='mw-search-pager-bottom'><div class="mw-pager-navigation-bar">查看（<span class="mw-prevlink">先前20次</span> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E6%90%9C%E7%B4%A2&limit=20&offset=20&ns0=1&search=%E9%9A%A8%E6%A9%9F%E9%87%8F%E5%AD%90%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%B8" rel="next" title="下20条结果" class="mw-nextlink">之后20次</a>）（<span class="mw-numlink">20</span> | <a 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