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[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Logg inn</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Sider for utlogga bidragsytarar <a href="/wiki/Hjelp:Introduksjon" aria-label="Lær meir om redigering"><span>lær meir</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bidraga_mine" title="Liste over endringar gjorde frå denne IP-adressa [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Bidrag</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesial:Diskusjonssida_mi" title="Diskusjon om endringar gjorde av denne ip-adressa [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Diskusjon</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Nettstad"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Innhald" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Innhald</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">flytt til sidefeltet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">gøym</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Byrjinga</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Historie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Historie</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Historie-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Vis/skjul underseksjonen Historie</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Historie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Starten_på_Rurikdynastiet" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Starten_på_Rurikdynastiet"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Starten på Rurikdynastiet</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Starten_på_Rurikdynastiet-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Kievriket" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kievriket"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.1</span> <span>Kievriket</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kievriket-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sideblikk:_Holmgard_og_Noreg" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sideblikk:_Holmgard_og_Noreg"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.2</span> <span>Sideblikk: Holmgard og Noreg</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sideblikk:_Holmgard_og_Noreg-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Republikken_Novgorod" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Republikken_Novgorod"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.3</span> <span>Republikken Novgorod</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Republikken_Novgorod-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Innlemming_i_Storhertugdømet_Moskva" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Innlemming_i_Storhertugdømet_Moskva"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.4</span> <span>Innlemming i Storhertugdømet Moskva</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Innlemming_i_Storhertugdømet_Moskva-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Andre_verdskrigen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Andre_verdskrigen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.5</span> <span>Andre verdskrigen</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Andre_verdskrigen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Attraksjonar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Attraksjonar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Attraksjonar</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Attraksjonar-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Vis/skjul underseksjonen Attraksjonar</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Attraksjonar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sofiakatedralen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sofiakatedralen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Sofiakatedralen</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sofiakatedralen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kreml" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kreml"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Kreml</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kreml-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tusenårsminnesmerket" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tusenårsminnesmerket"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Tusenårsminnesmerket</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tusenårsminnesmerket-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Andre_kyrkjer_i_Novgorod" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Andre_kyrkjer_i_Novgorod"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Andre kyrkjer i Novgorod</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Andre_kyrkjer_i_Novgorod-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Friluftsmuseet" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Friluftsmuseet"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Friluftsmuseet</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Friluftsmuseet-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Venskapsbyar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Venskapsbyar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Venskapsbyar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Venskapsbyar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bakgrunnsstoff" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bakgrunnsstoff"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Bakgrunnsstoff</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bakgrunnsstoff-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kjelder" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kjelder"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Kjelder</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kjelder-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Innhald" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Innhaldsliste" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Vis/skjul innhaldslista" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Vis/skjul innhaldslista</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Novgorod</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gå til ein artikkel på eit anna språk. Tilgjengeleg på 104 språk" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-104" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">104 språk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="betre artikkel"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novgorod" title="Novgorod – norsk bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Novgorod" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norsk bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novgorod" title="Novgorod – svensk" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Novgorod" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Velikij_Novgorod" title="Velikij Novgorod – dansk" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Velikij Novgorod" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weliki_Nowgorod" title="Weliki Nowgorod – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Weliki Nowgorod" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Велики Новгород – abkhasisk" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Велики Новгород" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="abkhasisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A_%D9%86%D9%88%D9%81%D8%BA%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AF" title="فيليكي نوفغورود – arabisk" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فيليكي نوفغورود" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veliki_N%C3%B3vgorod" title="Veliki Nóvgorod – asturisk" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Veliki Nóvgorod" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wyilikiu_Nuwhurud" title="Wyilikiu Nuwhurud – aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Wyilikiu Nuwhurud" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veliki_Novqorod" title="Veliki Novqorod – aserbajdsjansk" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Veliki Novqorod" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="aserbajdsjansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C_%D9%86%D9%88%D9%88%D9%82%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AF" title="ولیکی نووقورود – søraserbajdsjansk" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ولیکی نووقورود" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="søraserbajdsjansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veliky_Novgorod" title="Veliky Novgorod – minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Veliky Novgorod" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D3%A9%D0%B9%D3%A9%D0%BA_%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Бөйөк Новгород – basjkirsk" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Бөйөк Новгород" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="basjkirsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%96_%D0%9D%D0%BE%D1%9E%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Вялікі Ноўгарад – belarusisk" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Вялікі Ноўгарад" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarusisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%96_%D0%9D%D0%BE%D1%9E%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Вялікі Ноўгарад – belarusisk (klassisk ortografi)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Вялікі Ноўгарад" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="belarusisk (klassisk ortografi)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Велики Новгород – bulgarsk" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Велики Новгород" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veliki_Novgorod" title="Veliki Novgorod – bosnisk" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Veliki Novgorod" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosnisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Velikiy_Novgorod" title="Velikiy Novgorod – bretonsk" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Velikiy Novgorod" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretonsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%B3vgorod" title="Nóvgorod – katalansk" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Nóvgorod" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D0%BB%C4%83_%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Аслă Новгород – tsjuvansk" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Аслă Новгород" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="tsjuvansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Velikiy_Novgorod" title="Velikiy Novgorod – cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Velikiy Novgorod" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Velik%C3%BD_Novgorod" title="Veliký Novgorod – tsjekkisk" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Veliký Novgorod" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tsjekkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veliky_Novgorod" title="Veliky Novgorod – walisisk" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Veliky Novgorod" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="walisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="betre artikkel"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weliki_Nowgorod" title="Weliki Nowgorod – tysk" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Weliki Nowgorod" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wjeliki_Nowgorod" title="Wjeliki Nowgorod – lågsorbisk" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Wjeliki Nowgorod" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="lågsorbisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veliki_Novgorod" title="Veliki Novgorod – estisk" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Veliki Novgorod" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9D%CF%8C%CE%B2%CE%B3%CE%BA%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%BF%CE%BD%CF%84" title="Νόβγκοροντ – gresk" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Νόβγκοροντ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="gresk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veliky_Novgorod" title="Veliky Novgorod – engelsk" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Veliky Novgorod" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%9E%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%88_%D0%BE%D1%88" title="Ине Одош ош – erzia" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Ине Одош ош" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="erzia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veliki_N%C3%B3vgorod" title="Veliki Nóvgorod – spansk" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Veliki Nóvgorod" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Velikij_Novgorod" title="Velikij Novgorod – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Velikij Novgorod" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novgorod" title="Novgorod – baskisk" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Novgorod" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C_%D9%86%D9%88%D9%88%DA%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AF" title="ولیکی نووگورود – persisk" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ولیکی نووگورود" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novgorod" title="Novgorod – fransk" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Novgorod" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="fransk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veliki_Novgorod" title="Veliki Novgorod – vestfrisisk" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Veliki Novgorod" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="vestfrisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novgorod" title="Novgorod – irsk" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Novgorod" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Velikii_Novgorod" title="Velikii Novgorod – galisisk" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Velikii Novgorod" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B2%A8%EB%A6%AC%ED%82%A4%EB%85%B8%EB%B8%8C%EA%B3%A0%EB%A1%9C%EB%93%9C" title="벨리키노브고로드 – koreansk" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="벨리키노브고로드" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%A5%D5%AE_%D5%86%D5%B8%D5%BE%D5%A3%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%B8%D5%A4" title="Մեծ Նովգորոդ – armensk" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մեծ Նովգորոդ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A1" title="वेलीकी नोव्गोरोड – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="वेलीकी नोव्गोरोड" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wjelikij_Nowgorod" title="Wjelikij Nowgorod – høgsorbisk" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Wjelikij Nowgorod" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="høgsorbisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veliki_Novgorod" title="Veliki Novgorod – kroatisk" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Veliki Novgorod" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroatisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veliki_Novgorod" title="Veliki Novgorod – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Veliki Novgorod" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Velikiy_Novgorod" title="Velikiy Novgorod – indonesisk" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Velikiy Novgorod" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%80_%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Стыр Новгород – ossetisk" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Стыр Новгород" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="ossetisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%B3lmgar%C3%B0ur" title="Hólmgarður – islandsk" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Hólmgarður" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Velikij_Novgorod" title="Velikij Novgorod – italiensk" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Velikij Novgorod" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%91%D7%92%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%93" title="נובגורוד – hebraisk" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="נובגורוד" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebraisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%93%E1%83%98_%E1%83%9C%E1%83%9D%E1%83%95%E1%83%92%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%93%E1%83%98" title="დიდი ნოვგოროდი – georgisk" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="დიდი ნოვგოროდი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Velikiy_Novgorod" title="Velikiy Novgorod – swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Velikiy Novgorod" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AB%D0%B4%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%B4_%D0%92%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Ыджыд Вылькар – komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Ыджыд Вылькар" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Velikiy_Novgorod" title="Velikiy Novgorod – haitisk" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Velikiy Novgorod" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="haitisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Великий Новгород – kirgisisk" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Великий Новгород" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veliki_Novgorod" title="Veliki Novgorod – ladinsk" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Veliki Novgorod" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="ladinsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novogardia_Magna" title="Novogardia Magna – latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Novogardia Magna" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ve%C4%BCikijnovgoroda" title="Veļikijnovgoroda – latvisk" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Veļikijnovgoroda" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="latvisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Didysis_Naugardas" title="Didysis Naugardas – litauisk" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Didysis Naugardas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litauisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Velikij_Novgorod" title="Velikij Novgorod – ungarsk" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Velikij Novgorod" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Велики Новгород – makedonsk" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Велики Новгород" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedonsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A6" title="वेलिकी नॉवगोरोद – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="वेलिकी नॉवगोरोद" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%91%E1%83%94%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98_%E1%83%9C%E1%83%9D%E1%83%95%E1%83%92%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%93%E1%83%98" title="კაბეტი ნოვგოროდი – mingrelsk" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="კაბეტი ნოვგოროდი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="mingrelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%85_%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Их Новгород – mongolsk" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Их Новгород" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongolsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veliki_Novgorod" title="Veliki Novgorod – nederlandsk" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Veliki Novgorod" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederlandsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8E%E3%83%B4%E3%82%B4%E3%83%AD%E3%83%89" title="ノヴゴロド – japansk" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ノヴゴロド" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%8C-%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BA%D1%85%D0%B0_%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Сийлахь-йоккха Новгород – tsjetsjensk" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Сийлахь-йоккха Новгород" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="tsjetsjensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weliki_Nowgorod" title="Weliki Nowgorod – nordfrisisk" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Weliki Nowgorod" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="nordfrisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%B2vgorod" title="Nòvgorod – oksitansk" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Nòvgorod" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="oksitansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%B3%D1%83_%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Кугу Новгород – austmarisk" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Кугу Новгород" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="austmarisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novgorod" title="Novgorod – usbekisk" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Novgorod" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="usbekisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C_%D9%86%D9%88%D9%88%DA%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AF" title="ویلیکی نووگورد – vestpunjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ویلیکی نووگورد" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="vestpunjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A%DA%A9%D9%8A_%D9%86%D9%88%D9%88%DA%AB%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AF" title="ويليکي نووګورود – pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ويليکي نووګورود" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naugard" title="Naugard – lågtysk" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Naugard" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="lågtysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nowogr%C3%B3d_Wielki" title="Nowogród Wielki – polsk" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Nowogród Wielki" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novog%C3%A1rdia_Magna" title="Novogárdia Magna – portugisisk" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Novogárdia Magna" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Velikiy_Novgorod" title="Velikiy Novgorod – krimtatarisk" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Velikiy Novgorod" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="krimtatarisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veliki_Novgorod" title="Veliki Novgorod – rumensk" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Veliki Novgorod" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Velikiy_Novgorod" title="Velikiy Novgorod – quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Velikiy Novgorod" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Великый Новгород – rusinsk" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Великый Новгород" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="rusinsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Великий Новгород – russisk" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Великий Новгород" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novgorod" title="Novgorod – skotsk" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Novgorod" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="skotsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veliky_Novgorod" title="Veliky Novgorod – enkel engelsk" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Veliky Novgorod" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="enkel engelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Velikij_Novgorod" title="Velikij Novgorod – slovakisk" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Velikij Novgorod" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovakisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="god artikkel"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veliki_Novgorod" title="Veliki Novgorod – slovensk" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Veliki Novgorod" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8A_%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8A" title="Новъ Градъ – kyrkjeslavisk" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Новъ Градъ" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="kyrkjeslavisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="god artikkel"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Велики Новгород – serbisk" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Велики Новгород" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veliki_Novgorod" title="Veliki Novgorod – serbokroatisk" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Veliki Novgorod" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbokroatisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novgorod" title="Novgorod – finsk" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Novgorod" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veliky_Novgorod" title="Veliky Novgorod – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Veliky Novgorod" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF_%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="வெலிக்கி நோவ்கோரோத் நகரம் – tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="வெலிக்கி நோவ்கோரோத் நகரம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D3%A9%D0%B5%D0%BA_%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Бөек Новгород – tatarisk" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Бөек Новгород" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatarisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9F%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%94" title="เวลีคีนอฟโกรอด – thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เวลีคีนอฟโกรอด" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veliki_Novgorod" title="Veliki Novgorod – tyrkisk" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Veliki Novgorod" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="tyrkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veliky_Novgorod" title="Veliky Novgorod – twi" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="Veliky Novgorod" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="twi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Twi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Новгород – udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Новгород" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Великий Новгород – ukrainsk" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Великий Новгород" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C_%D9%86%D9%88%D9%88%DA%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AF" title="ویلیکی نووگورود – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ویلیکی نووگورود" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sur%27_Uz%27lidn" title="Sur' Uz'lidn – vepsisk" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Sur' Uz'lidn" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="vepsisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veliky_Novgorod" title="Veliky Novgorod – vietnamesisk" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Veliky Novgorod" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novgorod" title="Novgorod – vallonsk" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Novgorod" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="vallonsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veliky_Novgorod" title="Veliky Novgorod – waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Veliky Novgorod" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veliky_Novgorod" title="Veliky Novgorod – wolof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Veliky Novgorod" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="wolof" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%AF%BA%E5%A4%AB%E5%93%A5%E7%BD%97%E5%BE%B7" title="大诺夫哥罗德 – wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="大诺夫哥罗德" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%AB%BE%E5%A4%AB%E5%93%A5%E7%BE%85%E5%BE%B7" title="大諾夫哥羅德 – kantonesisk" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="大諾夫哥羅德" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%AF%BA%E5%A4%AB%E5%93%A5%E7%BD%97%E5%BE%B7" title="大诺夫哥罗德 – kinesisk" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="大诺夫哥罗德" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kinesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Velikij_Novgorod" title="Velikij Novgorod – talysj" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Velikij Novgorod" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="talysj" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2235#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Endra mellomspråklege lenkjer" class="wbc-editpage">Endra lenkjer</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namnerom"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul 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</label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Visningar"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Novgorod"><span>Les</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Novgorod&veaction=edit" title="Endre sida [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Endre</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Novgorod&action=edit" title="Endre kjeldekoden til sida [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Endre wikiteksten</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Novgorod&action=history" title="Eldre versjonar av sida [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Sjå historikken</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Sideverktøy"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Verktøy" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Verktøy</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Verktøy</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">flytt til sidefeltet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">gøym</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Flere alternativer" > <div 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title="Geografiske koordinatar">Koordinatar</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r3539874">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion load-gadget" data-gadget="WikiMiniAtlas"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Novgorod&params=58_31_0_N_31_17_0_E_type:city"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">58°31′0″N</span> <span class="longitude">31°17′0″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">58.51667°N 31.28333°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">58.51667; 31.28333</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Frå Wikipedia – det frie oppslagsverket</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="nn" dir="ltr"><dl><dd><i>Sjå òg <a href="/wiki/Nizjnij_Novgorod" title="Nizjnij Novgorod">Nizjnij Novgorod</a></i></dd></dl> <table class="infobox" cellspacing="5" style="width: 22em; text-align: left; font-size: 88%; line-height: 1.5em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:black; color:black; background-color: #e0e0e0; text-align: center;font-size: 1.25em;"><b>Novgorod<br /> Великий Новгород</b> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; padding-top: 0.7em; padding-bottom: 0.7em;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D1%8C12345.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D1%8C12345.jpg/250px-%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D1%8C12345.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D1%8C12345.jpg/375px-%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D1%8C12345.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D1%8C12345.jpg/500px-%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D1%8C12345.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4056" data-file-height="3040" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" align="center" style="border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9;"> <table style="width: 23em; color:black; background: none; text-align: center;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="vertical-align: middle; align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Flag_of_Veliky_Novgorod.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Flagget til Novgorod"><img alt="Flagget til Novgorod" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Veliky_Novgorod.png/125px-Flag_of_Veliky_Novgorod.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Veliky_Novgorod.png/188px-Flag_of_Veliky_Novgorod.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Veliky_Novgorod.png/250px-Flag_of_Veliky_Novgorod.png 2x" data-file-width="1635" data-file-height="981" /></a></span> </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle; align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Coat_of_Arms_of_Veliky_Novgorod.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Byåpenet til Novgorod"><img alt="Byåpenet til Novgorod" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Coat_of_Arms_of_Veliky_Novgorod.png/100px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Veliky_Novgorod.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="122" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Coat_of_Arms_of_Veliky_Novgorod.png/150px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Veliky_Novgorod.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Coat_of_Arms_of_Veliky_Novgorod.png/200px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Veliky_Novgorod.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="973" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><small><b>Flagget til Novgorod</b></small> </td> <td><small><b>Byvåpenet til Novgorod</b></small> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><br /> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:black; color:black; background-color: #e0e0e0; text-align: center;">Plassering </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" align="center" style="text-align: center; padding-top: 0.7em; padding-bottom: 0.7em;"> <div style="width:250px; float: none; clear: both; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto"> <div style="width:250px; padding:0"> <div style="position: relative;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Russia_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Novgorod is located in Russland"><img alt="Novgorod is located in Russland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Russia_location_map.svg/250px-Russia_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="89" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Russia_location_map.svg/375px-Russia_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Russia_location_map.svg/500px-Russia_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="4392" data-file-height="1565" /></a></span><div style="position: absolute; top: 57.3%; left: 6.8%; height: 0; width: 0; margin: 0; padding: 0;"><div style="position: relative; text-align: center; left: -4px; top: -4px; width: 8px; font-size: 8px; line-height: 0;" title=""><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Novgorod"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div style="font-size: 90%; line-height: 110%; position: relative; top: -1.5em; width: 6em; left: 0.5em; text-align: left;"><span style="padding: 1px;"></span></div></div></div> <div style="font-size: 90%; padding-top:3px"> </div> </div> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" align="center" style="text-align: center; padding-top: 0.7em; padding-bottom: 0.7em;"> <div style="width:250px; float: none; clear: both; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto"> <div style="width:250px; padding:0"> <div style="position: relative;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Novgorod-oblast-blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Novgorod is located in Novgorod oblast"><img alt="Novgorod is located in Novgorod oblast" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Novgorod-oblast-blank.png/250px-Novgorod-oblast-blank.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Novgorod-oblast-blank.png/375px-Novgorod-oblast-blank.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Novgorod-oblast-blank.png/500px-Novgorod-oblast-blank.png 2x" data-file-width="657" data-file-height="456" /></a></span><div style="position: absolute; top: 37.8%; left: 28.9%; height: 0; width: 0; margin: 0; padding: 0;"><div style="position: relative; text-align: center; left: -4px; top: -4px; width: 8px; font-size: 8px; line-height: 0;" title=""><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Novgorod"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div style="font-size: 90%; line-height: 110%; position: relative; top: -1.5em; width: 6em; left: 0.5em; text-align: left;"><span style="padding: 1px;"></span></div></div></div> <div style="font-size: 90%; padding-top:3px"> </div> </div> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:black; color:black; background-color: #e0e0e0; text-align: center;">Styresmakter </th></tr> <tr> <th style="color:black; background: #EDEDED;">Land </th> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Flag_of_Russia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Russland" title="Russland">Russland</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="color:black; background: #EDEDED;">Føderasjonssubjekt </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Novgorod_oblast" title="Novgorod oblast">Novgorod oblast</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="color:black; background: #EDEDED;">Grunnlagd </th> <td><a href="/wiki/859" title="859">859</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="color:black; background: #EDEDED;">Borgarmeister </th> <td>Aleksandr Rozbaum </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:black; color:black; background-color: #e0e0e0; text-align: center;">Geografi </th></tr> <tr> <th style="color:black; background: #EDEDED;">Flatevidd<br /> - By </th> <td><br /> 90 km² </td></tr> <tr> <th style="color:black; background: #EDEDED; white-space: nowrap;">Innbyggjarar <br /> - Totalt (2007)<br />   - folketettleik </th> <td style="white-space: nowrap;"><br />216 700 <br />  2 407,8 /km² </td></tr> <tr> <th style="color:black; background: #EDEDED;">Koordinatar </th> <td><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r3539874">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion load-gadget" data-gadget="WikiMiniAtlas"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Novgorod&params=58_31_0_N_31_17_0_E_type:city"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">58°31′0″N</span> <span class="longitude">31°17′0″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">58.51667°N 31.28333°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">58.51667; 31.28333</span></span></span></a></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="color:black; background: #EDEDED;">Høgd over havet </th> <td>25 moh. </td></tr> <tr> <th style="color:black; background: #EDEDED;">Tidssone<br />- Ved sommartid </th> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moskva-tid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Moskva-tid (sida finst ikkje)">MSK</a> (<a href="/wiki/UTC" title="UTC">UTC</a>+3)<br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moskva-tid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Moskva-tid (sida finst ikkje)">MSD</a> (<a href="/wiki/UTC" title="UTC">UTC</a>+4) </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:black; color:black; background-color: #e0e0e0; text-align: center;">Diverse annan informasjon </th></tr> <tr> <th style="color:black; background: #EDEDED;">Postnummer </th> <td>173000–173025 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="color:black; background: #EDEDED;">Retningsnummer (tlf) </th> <td>(+7)8162 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" align="center" style="border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9;"><b>Nettstad:</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.adm.nov.ru/">www.adm.nov.ru/</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>Novgorod</b> eller <b>Velikij Novgorod</b> (<a href="/wiki/Russisk" title="Russisk">russisk</a>: <i>Великий Новгород</i>, «Mektige Novgorod», der <i>velikij</i> tyder «mektig» og <i>novgorod</i> tyder «ny by», er ein <a href="/wiki/By" title="By">by</a> i <a href="/wiki/Russland" title="Russland">Russland</a>. Byen er av dei eldste og viktigaste byane i Russland. Byen vart av <a href="/wiki/Vikingane" class="mw-redirect" title="Vikingane">vikingane</a> kalla for <b>Holmgard</b> (<a href="/wiki/Norr%C3%B8nt" title="Norrønt">norrønt</a>). Novgorod ligg langs den historiske ferdavegen mellom <a href="/wiki/Moskva" title="Moskva">Moskva</a> og <a href="/wiki/St._Petersburg" title="St. Petersburg">St. Petersburg</a> (180 km søraust for St. Petersburg), ved <a href="/wiki/Elv" title="Elv">elva</a> <a href="/wiki/Volkhovelva" title="Volkhovelva">Volkhov</a>. Elva renn ut frå innsjøen <a href="/wiki/Ilmen" title="Ilmen">Ilmen</a>. Byen er administrativt senter for <a href="/wiki/Novgorod_oblast" title="Novgorod oblast">Novgorod oblast</a> og har 215 000 innbyggjarar (2007). Klimaet er høvesvis tørt, med ein gjennomsnittleg temperatur om sommaren på +25 °C og om vinteren på -10 °C. </p><p>Dei historiske monumenta i Novgorod og omland vart sett på <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> si <a href="/wiki/Verdsarv" title="Verdsarv">verdsarvliste</a> i 1992. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historie">Historie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Novgorod&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Endre bolk: Historie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>endre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Novgorod&action=edit&section=1" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Historie"><span>endre wikiteksten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Starten_på_Rurikdynastiet"><span id="Starten_p.C3.A5_Rurikdynastiet"></span>Starten på Rurikdynastiet</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Novgorod&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Endre bolk: Starten på Rurikdynastiet" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>endre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Novgorod&action=edit&section=2" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Starten på Rurikdynastiet"><span>endre wikiteksten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Novgorod er den eldste <a href="/wiki/Slavarar" class="mw-redirect" title="Slavarar">slaviske</a> byen som ein kjenner til i Russland. Byen er først nemnd i 859, og då var han alt ein viktig stasjon på <a href="/wiki/V%C3%A6ringar" title="Væringar">væringane</a> (skandinavane) si handelsrute mellom <a href="/wiki/Baltikum" title="Baltikum">Baltikum</a> og <a href="/wiki/Austromarriket" title="Austromarriket">Austromarriket</a>. I følgje <a href="/wiki/Norr%C3%B8n_mytologi" class="mw-redirect" title="Norrøn mytologi">norrøn mytologi</a> skal Holmgard ha eksistert langt tidlegare, men det er vanskeleg å skilje myter frå historiske fakta. Seinare vert Holmgard berre som ei <a href="/wiki/Festning" title="Festning">festning</a> inne i byen <i>Rjurikovo Gorodisjtsje</i>, kalla opp etter den norrøne herskaren <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rurik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rurik (sida finst ikkje)">Rurik</a> (ca. 830-879), som vart invitert til byen for å skape ro og orden og som gjorde han til sin hovudstad. Arkeologiske funn tyder på at <i>Gorodisjtsje</i>, som var residens for <a href="/w/index.php?title=Knjaz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Knjaz (sida finst ikkje)">knjazen</a> (fyrsten), kan daterast til midt på 800-talet, medan sjølve byen er datert til slutten av hundreåret. På midten av 900-talet var Novgorod ein fullt utvikla <a href="/wiki/Mellomalder" class="mw-redirect" title="Mellomalder">mellomalderby</a> og eit politisk sentrum. Rurikdynastiet skulle regjere over Russland i meir enn 750 år. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Russia_3198_(4139709914).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Russia_3198_%284139709914%29.jpg/220px-Russia_3198_%284139709914%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="327" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Russia_3198_%284139709914%29.jpg/330px-Russia_3198_%284139709914%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Russia_3198_%284139709914%29.jpg/440px-Russia_3198_%284139709914%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2923" data-file-height="4338" /></a><figcaption>Tusenårsminnesmerket for Russland, forma som ei kyrkjeklokke i bronse (1862).</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Kievriket">Kievriket</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Novgorod&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Endre bolk: Kievriket" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>endre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Novgorod&action=edit&section=3" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Kievriket"><span>endre wikiteksten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>I <a href="/wiki/882" title="882">882</a> inntok etterfølgjaren til Rurik, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Oleg_av_Novgorod&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oleg av Novgorod (sida finst ikkje)">Oleg av Novgorod</a> (Helge), <a href="/wiki/Kiev" class="mw-redirect" title="Kiev">Kiev</a> og grunnla <a href="/wiki/Kievriket" class="mw-redirect" title="Kievriket">Kievriket</a>. Han valde Kiev til hovudstad, noko som gjorde Novgorod til den nest viktigaste byen i riket, men han heldt på stillinga si som sentrum for utanlandshandel. I følgje tradisjonen vart den eldste sonen og arvingen til den regjerande fyrsten i Kiev sendt til Novgorod som barn. I norrøn mytologi vart byen nemnd som hovudstad i <a href="/wiki/Gardarike" title="Gardarike">Gardarike</a>. Fire norske kongar – <a href="/wiki/Olav_Tryggvason" class="mw-redirect" title="Olav Tryggvason">Olav Tryggvason</a>, <a href="/wiki/Olav_den_heilage" class="mw-redirect" title="Olav den heilage">Olav den heilage</a>, <a href="/wiki/Magnus_den_gode" class="mw-redirect" title="Magnus den gode">Magnus Olavsson</a> og <a href="/wiki/Harald_Hardr%C3%A5de" class="mw-redirect" title="Harald Hardråde">Harald Hardråde</a> – søkte tilflukt i Novgorod frå fiendar i heimlandet. Tidleg på 900-talet sendte Novgorod felttog mot <a href="/wiki/Konstantinopel" title="Konstantinopel">Konstantinopel</a> (norrønt <a href="/wiki/Miklagard" title="Miklagard">Miklagard</a>) for å sikre handelen med <a href="/wiki/Austromarriket" title="Austromarriket">Austromarriket</a>. Dette resulterte i ei integrering av austslaviske stammer i det russiske Kievriket. </p><p>Av alle fyrstane sine sette novgorodarane minnet om <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jaroslav_den_vise&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jaroslav den vise (sida finst ikkje)">Jaroslav den vise</a> (ca. 978-1054) høgast. Han gav ut dei første skrivne lovene (seinare inkludert i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Russkaja_pravda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Russkaja pravda (sida finst ikkje)">Russkaja pravda</a>) og finansierte bygginga av den mektige St. Sofia-katedralen (1045), som framleis står. Som takk for hjelpa til å sigre over sin eldre bror og halde trona, tildelte Jaroslav byen Novgorod fleire privilegia. Til gjengjeld kalla novgorodarane opp torget i byen etter Jaroslav. Innføringa av <a href="/wiki/Kristendommen" title="Kristendommen">kristendommen</a> på slutten av 900-talet gjorde Novgorod til eit mektig kyrkjesenter. Biskopane i Novgorod strevde for å spreie og marknadsføre den <a href="/wiki/Ortodoks" class="mw-redirect" title="Ortodoks">ortodokse</a> trua og dette bar frukter på midten av 1100-talet, då embetet vart oppjustert til <a href="/wiki/Erkebiskop" title="Erkebiskop">erkebiskop</a> og dermed vart <a href="/wiki/Bispesete" class="mw-redirect" title="Bispesete">bispesetet</a> i Novgorod det mektigaste i <a href="/wiki/Den_russisk-ortodokse_kyrkja" title="Den russisk-ortodokse kyrkja">den russisk-ortodokse kyrkja</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Sideblikk:_Holmgard_og_Noreg">Sideblikk: Holmgard og Noreg</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Novgorod&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Endre bolk: Sideblikk: Holmgard og Noreg" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>endre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Novgorod&action=edit&section=4" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Sideblikk: Holmgard og Noreg"><span>endre wikiteksten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Peter_Nicolai_Arbo-Olav_den_hellige.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Peter_Nicolai_Arbo-Olav_den_hellige.jpg/220px-Peter_Nicolai_Arbo-Olav_den_hellige.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="288" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Peter_Nicolai_Arbo-Olav_den_hellige.jpg/330px-Peter_Nicolai_Arbo-Olav_den_hellige.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Peter_Nicolai_Arbo-Olav_den_hellige.jpg/440px-Peter_Nicolai_Arbo-Olav_den_hellige.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1197" data-file-height="1569" /></a><figcaption>Heilag-Olav og <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rurik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rurik (sida finst ikkje)">Rurik</a>.<div style="font-size:85%"> Teikning: Peter Nicolai Arbo </div></figcaption></figure> <p>Novgorod (Holmgard) spelar òg interessante biroller i norsk historie. Éin ting er at kong <a href="/wiki/Olav_Tryggvason" class="mw-redirect" title="Olav Tryggvason">Olav Tryggvason</a> var her i delar av barndommen sin, hos den heidenske fyrst Vladimir. Men langt viktigare er helgenkongen <a href="/wiki/Olav_den_heilage" class="mw-redirect" title="Olav den heilage">Olav den heilage</a> sitt opphald her. </p><p>Da kong <a href="/wiki/Knut_den_mektige" title="Knut den mektige">Knut den mektige</a> drog til Noreg for å feste grepet over landet, måtte Olav flykte unna. Etter ei kort tid i Sverige slo han seg ned i Holmgard i Gardarike, der han vart vel mottatt av storfyrst Jaroslav og fyrstinna hans Ingegerd av Sverige, som Olav i si tid skulle hatt til ekte. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Snorre" title="Snorre">Snorre</a> formidlar i kongesogene sine i <i><a href="/wiki/Heimskringla" title="Heimskringla">Heimskringla</a></i> at Olav gjennomgikk ei djup andeleg utvikling i Gardarike. Her fekk han mellom anna tilbod av fyrst Jaroslav om å styre over dei heidenske bulgararane. Flokken av menn som hadde følgd han frå Noreg råda han frå det. Det vert fortalt frå opphaldet i Holmgard at medan Olav sat og tenkte, kom han i vanvare til å bryte den kristne helgedagsfreden ved å spikke på eit trestykke på ein søndag. Ein av kongen sine menn såg kva kongen heldt på med og sa nennsamt: «Det er måndag i morgon, herre.» Det var frå Novgorod at Olav i 1030 braut opp for å gjenerobre Noreg og styrke den spede og vaklande kristendom der. Vegen førte til <a href="/wiki/Slaget_ved_Stiklestad" class="mw-redirect" title="Slaget ved Stiklestad">Stiklestad</a>, der han fall den <a href="/wiki/29._juli" title="29. juli">29. juli</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:VNovogorod_Detinets_VN13.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/VNovogorod_Detinets_VN13.jpg/220px-VNovogorod_Detinets_VN13.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="109" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/VNovogorod_Detinets_VN13.jpg/330px-VNovogorod_Detinets_VN13.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/VNovogorod_Detinets_VN13.jpg/440px-VNovogorod_Detinets_VN13.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5348" data-file-height="2661" /></a><figcaption>Kreml i Novgorod.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Republikken_Novgorod">Republikken Novgorod</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Novgorod&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Endre bolk: Republikken Novgorod" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>endre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Novgorod&action=edit&section=5" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Republikken Novgorod"><span>endre wikiteksten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="boilerplate seealso"> <dl><dd><i>For meir om dette emnet, sjå <a href="/w/index.php?title=Republikken_Novgorod&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Republikken Novgorod (sida finst ikkje)">Republikken Novgorod</a>.</i></dd></dl></div> <p>I <a href="/wiki/1136" title="1136">1136</a> lausreiv novgorodske handelsmenn og <a href="/wiki/Bojar" title="Bojar">bojarar</a> seg frå Kiev, forviste fyrsten sin og utropte <i>Republikken Novgorod</i>. Ikkje lenge etter okkuperte <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tartarane&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tartarane (sida finst ikkje)">tartarane</a> mesteparten av Russland. Novgorod var den einaste byen som slapp unna tartarane, dei kom seg ikkje fram dit fordi byen var omgjeve av <a href="/wiki/Myr" title="Myr">myr</a> og <a href="/wiki/Sump" title="Sump">sump</a>. </p><p>Den mektige <a href="/wiki/Bystat" title="Bystat">bystaten</a> kontrollerte mesteparten av det nordaustlege <a href="/wiki/Europa" title="Europa">Europa</a>, frå dagens <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a> og <a href="/wiki/Estland" title="Estland">Estland</a> til <a href="/wiki/Uralfjella" title="Uralfjella">Uralfjella</a>. Den viktigaste personen i Novgorod var då <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posadnik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Posadnik (sida finst ikkje)">posadniken</a></i>, ein slags «borgarmeister», offentleg vald frå <a href="/wiki/Aristokrati" title="Aristokrati">aristokratiet</a> i byen av ei samling kalla <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Veche&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Veche (sida finst ikkje)">veche</a></i>. Novgorod-retten vart formelt leia av prinsen (som òg vart vald av veche-samlinga), men avgjerslene hans måtte stadfestast av posadniken for å verte gjeldande. På <a href="/wiki/1200-talet" title="1200-talet">1200-talet</a> vart Novgorod ein del av <a href="/wiki/Hansaen" title="Hansaen">Hansaen</a> og vart ein av dei fire viktigaste handelsbyane i Europa saman med <a href="/wiki/Bergen" title="Bergen">Bergen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brugge" title="Brugge">Brugge</a> og <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>. <a href="/wiki/Tyskland" title="Tyskland">Tyske</a> handelsmenn danna ein koloni i Novgorod. Dei kalla byen for <i>Naugard</i>. Eksportartiklane var hovudsakleg pels, skinn, voks, honning, lin og tjøre. Stoff og metall vart importert frå Europa og korn frå Sentral-Russland. Transitthandelen med Sentral-<a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asia</a> nådde òg eit stort volum. </p><p>Igjennom <a href="/wiki/Mellomalderen" title="Mellomalderen">mellomalderen</a> hadde Novgorod god framgang, byen vart eit av dei viktigaste handels- og kultursentera i Europa. Flesteparten av innbyggjarane var lese- og skrivekunnige og dei nytta ark av <a href="/wiki/Never" title="Never">bjørkenever</a> for skriftleg kommunikasjon. Alt på 1000-talet fekk byen sin første skule og Novgorod vart ein av hovudbyane i Russland når det gjaldt <a href="/wiki/Russisk_litteratur" title="Russisk litteratur">litteratur</a> og bokproduksjon. Nokre av dei eldste russiske dokumenta vart skrive i Novgorod. Medan <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a> og <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a> vassa i gjørme, vart Novgorod kjend hos utlendingar for sine brulagde vegar og reine gater. Handelsmannen <a href="/wiki/Sadko" title="Sadko">Sadko</a> frå Novgorod vart òg ein populær helt i <a href="/wiki/Russisk_folklore" class="mw-redirect" title="Russisk folklore">russisk folklore</a>. </p><p>På 1200-talet var Novgorod hardt pressa av <a href="/wiki/Danmark" title="Danmark">danskane</a> i allianse med krossfararordenane <a href="/wiki/Den_tyske_riddarordenen" title="Den tyske riddarordenen">Den tyske riddarordenen</a> og <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sverdbroderordenen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sverdbroderordenen (sida finst ikkje)">Sverdbroderordenen</a>. Leia av biskop Hermann von Buxhoeven av <a href="/wiki/Tartu" title="Tartu">Dorpat</a> gjekk dei frå <a href="/wiki/Estland" title="Estland">Estland</a> til åtak mot Novgorod, men den om lag 2000 mann store styrken vart slått tilbake av om lag 6000 russarar under <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aleksander_Nevskij&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aleksander Nevskij (sida finst ikkje)">Aleksander Nevskij</a> av Novgorod ved slaget på den islagte <a href="/wiki/Peipus" title="Peipus">Peipus</a> den <a href="/wiki/4._april" title="4. april">4. april</a> <a href="/wiki/1242" title="1242">1242</a>. Slaget har seinare inngått i russisk og <a href="/wiki/Sovjetunionen" title="Sovjetunionen">sovjetisk</a> patriotisk propaganda på 1930-talet sidan det var den siste gongen på mange hundre år at <a href="/wiki/Tyskland" title="Tyskland">tyskarar</a> hadde gått til åtak på Russland. Slaget vart skildra i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sergeij_Eisenstein&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sergeij Eisenstein (sida finst ikkje)">Sergeij Eisenstein</a>-filmen <i>Aleksander Nevskij</i>, men i filmen enda slaget feilaktig med at isen brast under krossfararane. </p><p>Novgorod var på høgda på <a href="/wiki/1300-talet" title="1300-talet">1300-talet</a>, då hadde folketalet vokse til rundt 400 000. Den storslegne byen frå denne perioden, med hundrevis av praktfulle kyrkjer, handelshus, lager og marknadsplassar, har vore eit rikt grunnlag for russisk kunst og folklore. <a href="/wiki/Arkitektur" title="Arkitektur">Arkitekturen</a> i Novgorod, retning i <a href="/wiki/Ikon" title="Ikon">ikon</a>-måling, dekor og gullsmedkunst er kjent over heile verda. Men hundreåret var òg starten på nedgangstidene med mellom anna kamp mot makta i Moskva. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Ivan_III_of_Russia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Ivan_III_of_Russia.jpg/220px-Ivan_III_of_Russia.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="309" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Ivan_III_of_Russia.jpg/330px-Ivan_III_of_Russia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Ivan_III_of_Russia.jpg/440px-Ivan_III_of_Russia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2187" data-file-height="3068" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ivan_III_av_Russland" title="Ivan III av Russland">Ivan III</a> (1440–1505).</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Innlemming_i_Storhertugdømet_Moskva"><span id="Innlemming_i_Storhertugd.C3.B8met_Moskva"></span>Innlemming i Storhertugdømet Moskva</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Novgorod&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Endre bolk: Innlemming i Storhertugdømet Moskva" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>endre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Novgorod&action=edit&section=6" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Innlemming i Storhertugdømet Moskva"><span>endre wikiteksten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Den kraftige auken i folketalet i Novgorod førte til at det etterkvart vart vanskeleg å brødfø så mange innbyggjarar. Interne stridar hos leiarane av republikken svekka òg suvereniteten til bystaten. Byen var avhengig av <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vladimir-Suzdal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vladimir-Suzdal (sida finst ikkje)">Vladimir-Suzdal</a>-regionen for korn. Dei store byane i området, <a href="/wiki/Moskva" title="Moskva">Moskva</a> og <a href="/wiki/Tver" title="Tver">Tver</a>, nytta dette for å få kontroll over Novgorod. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Storfyrstad%C3%B8met_Moskva&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Storfyrstadømet Moskva (sida finst ikkje)">Storfyrstadømet Moskva</a> hadde på denne tida samla mange byar og område i Russland og var vorte eit mektig rike. I <a href="/wiki/1478" title="1478">1478</a> annekterte <a href="/wiki/Ivan_III_av_Russland" title="Ivan III av Russland">Ivan III</a> Novgorod inn i Moskvastaten. Novgorod vart den tredje største byen i Russland fram til <a href="/wiki/Ivan_IV_av_Russland" title="Ivan IV av Russland">Ivan den skrekkelege</a> plyndra byen og drap fleire tusen av innbyggjarane i <a href="/wiki/1570" title="1570">1570</a>. Men Novgorod heldt den kommersielle posisjonen fram til <a href="/wiki/St._Petersburg" title="St. Petersburg">St. Petersburg</a> vart grunnlagd i <a href="/wiki/1703" title="1703">1703</a>. Mellom <a href="/wiki/1611" title="1611">1611</a> og <a href="/wiki/1617" title="1617">1617</a> var Novgorod okkupert av <a href="/wiki/Sverige" title="Sverige">Sverige</a>, men Russland greidde til slutt å ta byen tilbake. I <a href="/wiki/1727" title="1727">1727</a> vart byen hovudstad for regjeringa i Novgorod. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Novgorod_Russia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Novgorod_Russia.jpg/220px-Novgorod_Russia.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="69" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Novgorod_Russia.jpg/330px-Novgorod_Russia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Novgorod_Russia.jpg/440px-Novgorod_Russia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1143" data-file-height="361" /></a><figcaption>Novgorod på 1800-talet. Frå Rambaud sitt Russland, band 1 (1898).</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Andre_verdskrigen">Andre verdskrigen</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Novgorod&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Endre bolk: Andre verdskrigen" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>endre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Novgorod&action=edit&section=7" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Andre verdskrigen"><span>endre wikiteksten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Novgorod hadde slått tilbake åtaka frå <a href="/wiki/Den_tyske_riddarordenen" title="Den tyske riddarordenen">Den tyske riddarordenen</a> og <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sverdbroderordenen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sverdbroderordenen (sida finst ikkje)">Sverdbroderordenen</a> og <a href="/wiki/Sverige" title="Sverige">svenske</a> åtak, og unngjekk øydeleggingar under <a href="/w/index.php?title=Den_mongolske_invasjonen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Den mongolske invasjonen (sida finst ikkje)">den mongolske invasjonen</a>. Men under <a href="/wiki/Den_andre_verdskrigen" class="mw-redirect" title="Den andre verdskrigen">den andre verdskrigen</a> hamna Novgorod i frontlinja og vart okkupert av <a href="/wiki/Det_tredje_riket" title="Det tredje riket">nazistiske</a> styrkar den <a href="/wiki/15._august" title="15. august">15. august</a> <a href="/wiki/1941" title="1941">1941</a>. Dei historiske minnesmerka vart systematisk øydelagde. Då <a href="/wiki/Den_raude_armeen" class="mw-redirect" title="Den raude armeen">den raude armeen</a> frigjorde byen <a href="/wiki/20._januar" title="20. januar">20. januar</a> <a href="/wiki/1944" title="1944">1944</a> stod berre 40 av dei opphavlege 2536 steinbygningane igjen. Store mengder kunst- og kyrkjeskattar var òg «ført i tryggleik» til Tyskland. <a href="/wiki/USA" title="USA">Amerikanarane</a> sendte det dei fann og kunne identifisere tilbake frå det okkuperte Tyskland i slutten av 1940-åra, men mykje er ikkje kome til rette. </p><p>I tillegg til dei store menneskelege og materielle tapa medførte den tyske okkupasjonen av Novgorod ein meir akademisk skade. Den stortyske propaganda la ikkje overraskande stor vekt på at ikkje berre Novgorod, men òg Russland, hadde skandinaviske røter. Og da Novgorod var inntatt, hadde den tyske filmavisa «Wochenschau» skrytt: «Novgorod, den gamle tyske hansastaden Naugard, Austen sitt svar på Nürnberg, er på våre hender». </p><p>Etter krigen vart det vanskelege tider for dei russiske historikarane som i forskinga si var kome til at svenske vikingar hadde spelt ei viktig rolle i historia til byen og landet. Ein av dei som fekk føle det, var historikaren <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lev_Klejn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lev Klejn (sida finst ikkje)">Lev Klejn</a>. Han analyserte motviljen slik: «Det dreier seg om den nasjonale ærekjensla. For mange russarar var det ein forkasteleg påstand at den russiske staten på noko tidspunkt skulle ha vorte mogleggjort av framande folkeslag. Vikingane var jo skandinaviske germanarar, dei var nordgermanarar og derfor var det ein utåleleg tanke». Så seint som i 1979 vart «normannisten» Lev Klejn dømd til tre års fangeleir, på papiret på grunn av homoseksualitet, i realiteten av først nemnte årsak. </p><p>Etter krigen vart sentrum i byen gradvis restaurert. Dei viktigaste monumenta vart verna av <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> i 1992. I 1998 vart byen offisielt omdøypt til <i>Velikij Novgorod</i> og fekk dermed tilbake mellomaldernamnet <i>Mektige Novgorod</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Attraksjonar">Attraksjonar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Novgorod&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Endre bolk: Attraksjonar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>endre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Novgorod&action=edit&section=8" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Attraksjonar"><span>endre wikiteksten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ingen andre <a href="/wiki/Russland" title="Russland">russiske</a> eller <a href="/wiki/Ukraina" title="Ukraina">ukrainske</a> byar kan konkurrere med Novgorod om variasjonen og alderen på mellomaldermonument. Novgorod har, som mange russiske byar, sitt eige <a href="/wiki/Kreml" title="Kreml">Kreml</a> (festningsverk). Her finst den vakre Sofiakatedralen og tusenårsminnesmerket for Russland, forma som ei kyrkjeklokke (motivet finn ein igjen på <a href="/wiki/Russisk_rubel" title="Russisk rubel">5-rubelsetelen</a>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sofiakatedralen">Sofiakatedralen</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Novgorod&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Endre bolk: Sofiakatedralen" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>endre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Novgorod&action=edit&section=9" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Sofiakatedralen"><span>endre wikiteksten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:VNovgorog_SaintSophiaCathedral_VN130.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/VNovgorog_SaintSophiaCathedral_VN130.jpg/220px-VNovgorog_SaintSophiaCathedral_VN130.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="185" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/VNovgorog_SaintSophiaCathedral_VN130.jpg/330px-VNovgorog_SaintSophiaCathedral_VN130.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/VNovgorog_SaintSophiaCathedral_VN130.jpg/440px-VNovgorog_SaintSophiaCathedral_VN130.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2171" data-file-height="1822" /></a><figcaption>Sofiakatedralen (<a href="/wiki/1045" title="1045">1045</a>).</figcaption></figure> <p>Den fremste av mellomaldermonumenta er <i>Sofiakatedralen</i> [Софийский Собор) som vart bygd mellom 1041 og 1050 av <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vladimir_av_Novgorod&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vladimir av Novgorod (sida finst ikkje)">Vladimir av Novgorod</a>, etter ein ide av faren <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jaroslav_den_vise&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jaroslav den vise (sida finst ikkje)">Jaroslav den vise</a>. Kyrkja skulle vere eit uttrykk for takksemda til Jaroslav for støtta Novgorod gav han i kampen mot Kiev. Dette er den best bevarte kyrkja frå 1000-talet, og den første som viser dei opphavlege karaktertrekka av <a href="/w/index.php?title=Russisk_arkitektur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Russisk arkitektur (sida finst ikkje)">russisk arkitektur</a>, med strenge steinmurar og fem hjelmliknande kuplar. Dette er ei vidareføring av sentralkyrkja med kuplar i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Austromersk_arkitektur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Austromersk arkitektur (sida finst ikkje)">austromersk arkitektur</a>. <a href="/wiki/Freskom%C3%A5leri" title="Freskomåleri">Freskane</a> i kyrkja vart måla på <a href="/wiki/1100-talet" title="1100-talet">1100-talet</a> og vart renovert i 1860-åra. Ikonografien er <a href="/wiki/Bysantinsk_kunst" title="Bysantinsk kunst">bysantinsk</a>, med mellom anna bilete av <a href="/wiki/Konstantin_den_store" title="Konstantin den store">Konstantin den store</a> og mor hans, keisarinne <a href="/wiki/Helena_av_Konstantinopel" title="Helena av Konstantinopel">Helena</a>. Dei kjende <a href="/wiki/Bronse" title="Bronse">bronseportane</a> i katedralen er laga i <a href="/wiki/Magdeburg" title="Magdeburg">Magdeburg</a> i 1156 og skal visstnok vere stolen av novgorodarane frå den dåverande svenske hovudstaden <a href="/wiki/Sigtuna" title="Sigtuna">Sigtuna</a> i 1178. </p><p>Frå 1100- til 1400-talet var Sofia-katedralen det seremonielle og andelege sentrum for republikken Novgorod. </p><p>Namnet Sofia er <a href="/wiki/Gresk" title="Gresk">gresk</a> og tyder 'visdom', som er ei av de sju kristne hovuddygdene. Initiativtakaren til kyrkja hadde alt under byggeperioden tilnamnet <i>den vise</i>. Men namnevalet bør ein hovudsakleg sjå i lys av at dei russiske kristne skjelte til den austlege kristendommen si kjende hovudkyrkje i <a href="/wiki/Konstantinopel" title="Konstantinopel">Konstantinopel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hagia_Sofia" title="Hagia Sofia">Hagia Sofia</a>, der tileigninga «visdom» var ein allegorisk «mellomstasjon»: Den heilage Visdom <i>(he hagia sophia)</i> er å forstå som Kristus, som er Guds inkarnerte Ord. Slik er kyrkja å forstå som ei slags Kristkyrkje. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kreml">Kreml</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Novgorod&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Endre bolk: Kreml" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>endre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Novgorod&action=edit&section=10" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Kreml"><span>endre wikiteksten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Novgorod_Kremlin.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Novgorod_Kremlin.jpg/220px-Novgorod_Kremlin.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Novgorod_Kremlin.jpg/330px-Novgorod_Kremlin.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Novgorod_Kremlin.jpg/440px-Novgorod_Kremlin.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption>Novgorods Kreml (<a href="/wiki/1400-talet" title="1400-talet">1400-talet</a>).</figcaption></figure> <p>Kreml i Novgorod er det eldste i Russland. Festninga er nemnd så tidleg som i 1044 og dagens murar og tårn er frå 1400-talet. Tradisjonelt er festninga kjent som «Detinets» og her skjedde det viktigaste i samfunn i Novgorod; festninga husa utanlandske <a href="/wiki/Ambassade" title="Ambassade">ambassadar</a>, her vart militære styrkar samla før dei drog ut i kamp og her føregjekk veche-møta. </p><p>Kreml inneheld òg det eldste <a href="/wiki/Palass" class="mw-redirect" title="Palass">palasset</a> i Russland, det såkalla <i>Fasettkammeret</i> (erkebispegarden), som vart bygt i <a href="/wiki/Gotikk" class="mw-redirect" title="Gotikk">gotisk</a> stil av <a href="/wiki/Tyskland" title="Tyskland">tyske</a> meistrar i <a href="/wiki/1433" title="1433">1433</a>. Her finn ein òg det eldste russiske klokketårnet (frå 1493) med eit sett av klokker frå mellom 1500- og 1700-talet. Det eldste russiske klokketårnet frå 1673 står òg her. Av nyare konstruksjonar er det mest merkverdige det kongelege palasset (frå 1771) og bronseminnesmerket for det russiske tusenårsjubileet (frå 1862). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tusenårsminnesmerket"><span id="Tusen.C3.A5rsminnesmerket"></span>Tusenårsminnesmerket</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Novgorod&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Endre bolk: Tusenårsminnesmerket" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>endre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Novgorod&action=edit&section=11" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Tusenårsminnesmerket"><span>endre wikiteksten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%8F%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%A2%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%8F%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8E_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B8.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%8F%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%A2%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%8F%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8E_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B8.JPG/220px-%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%8F%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%A2%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%8F%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8E_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B8.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%8F%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%A2%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%8F%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8E_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B8.JPG/330px-%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%8F%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%A2%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%8F%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8E_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B8.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%8F%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%A2%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%8F%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8E_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B8.JPG/440px-%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%8F%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%A2%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%8F%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8E_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B8.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3754" data-file-height="2935" /></a><figcaption>Tusenårsminnesmerket (1862).</figcaption></figure> <p>Minnesmerket er utforma av <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mikhail_Mikesjin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mikhail Mikesjin (sida finst ikkje)">Mikhail Mikesjin</a> og vart avduka 8. september 1862. Motivet er ei klokke i bronse med ei høgd på 15,7 m og ei vekt i bronse på 65,5 tonn. Monumentet udøydeleggjer dei viktigaste personane frå russisk historie. Den knelande figuren på toppen personifiserer Russland. Under toppen, rundt klokken, står seks grupper av figurer som symboliserer kvar sin tidsepoke av russisk historie fram til byrjinga av <a href="/wiki/1700-talet" title="1700-talet">1700-talet</a>. <a href="/wiki/Relieff" title="Relieff">Relieffrisa</a> under viser militære heltar, statsmenn, vitskapsmenn, diktarar, forfattarar og kunstnarar - til saman 109 figurar. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4_-_%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D1%8C,_%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BD%D1%8F.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4_-_%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D1%8C%2C_%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BD%D1%8F.jpg/220px-%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4_-_%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D1%8C%2C_%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BD%D1%8F.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4_-_%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D1%8C%2C_%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BD%D1%8F.jpg/330px-%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4_-_%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D1%8C%2C_%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BD%D1%8F.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4_-_%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D1%8C%2C_%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BD%D1%8F.jpg/440px-%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4_-_%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D1%8C%2C_%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BD%D1%8F.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="4608" /></a><figcaption><i>Frelsartårnet</i>, porthus i Kreml.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Andre_kyrkjer_i_Novgorod">Andre kyrkjer i Novgorod</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Novgorod&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Endre bolk: Andre kyrkjer i Novgorod" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>endre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Novgorod&action=edit&section=12" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Andre kyrkjer i Novgorod"><span>endre wikiteksten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>I alt finst det 39 kyrkjer og katedralar i byen. Ein må i denne samanhengen ikkje tenke på det vestlege katedralomgrepet, som ei domkyrkje for ein biskop. </p><p>Utanfor festningsmurane står det tre katedralar som vart reiste under <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mstislav_den_store&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mstislav den store (sida finst ikkje)">Mstislav den store</a>, den siste monarken av det sameinte Russland. St. Nikolaskatedralen (1113-23), inneheld freskar av Mstislav sin familie. Jurievklosteret (truleg det eldste klosteret i Russland) inneheld ein <a href="/wiki/Romansk_arkitektur" class="mw-redirect" title="Romansk arkitektur">romansk</a> katedral frå 1119. Ein liknande katedral med tre tårn (1117) som står i Antonievklosteret, er truleg sett opp av dei same byggmeistrane. </p><p>Det er mange gamle kyrkjer spreidd over heile byen, nokre av dei av vart sprengt av nazistane og er seinare restaurert. Døme på dei eldste er kyrkje som er tileigna St. Peter og Paulus (1185-92), Maria Bebodelseskyrkja i Mjatsjino (1179), Maria Himmelfartskyrkja på Volotovo (1180-åra - øydelagd av tyske <a href="/wiki/Wehrmacht" title="Wehrmacht">Wehrmacht</a> under andre verdskrigen, og gjenoppbygginga finansiert for det meste frå Tyskland, var ferdig i 2002) og St. Paraskevakyrkja (1207). Det største meisterverket frå tidleg novgorodsk arkitektur finn ein i Vår Frelser-kyrkja ved Nereditsa (1198). </p><p>På <a href="/wiki/1200-talet" title="1200-talet">1200-talet</a> var bygt mange mindre kyrkjer, St. Nikolaskyrkja (1292) er av denne typen. Denne kyrkja er òg kjent for freskane sine frå 1300-talet. På 1300-talet vart det utvikla to nye kyrkjeformer, St. Theodor-kyrkja (1360-61) med sine flotte freskar frå 1380-åra representerer den eine og Frelsarkyrkja (1374) i Iljina-gata den andre. </p><p>Under dei siste hundreåra av republikken vart eit par nye gudshus innvigd til St. Peter og Paulus (Slavna 1367 og Kozhevniki 1406), til Kristi fødsel (1387), til Apostelen Johannes (1384), til Dei heilage apostlane (1455), til St. Demetrius (1467), til St. Simeon (1462) og til andre helgenar. Ingen av desse kyrkjene er så nytenkjande i forma som kyrkje frå den førre epoken. Fleire <a href="/wiki/Skrin" title="Skrin">skrin</a> frå 1100-talet vart tekne frå kvarande bit for bit og så sett saman igjen akkurat som dei var. </p><p>Erobringa til <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ivan_III&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ivan III (sida finst ikkje)">Ivan III</a> av Novgorod i <a href="/wiki/1478" title="1478">1478</a> endra avgjort karaktertrekka til den lokale arkitekturen. Større oppdrag vart etterpå utført av byggmeistrar frå <a href="/wiki/Moskva" title="Moskva">Moskva</a> og hadde mønster etter katedralane frå Kreml i Moskva, som til dømes Frelserkatedralen i Khutjnklosteret (1515) og Nikolaskatedralen i Vjastsjizhjklosteret (1685). Men likevel vart nokre provinskyrkjer bygt i følgje lokale tradisjonar, som St. Boris og Gleb-kyrkja (1586). </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C_%D0%B8%D0%B7_%D1%81._%D0%97%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%83%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%8C%D0%B5_(%D0%B4._%D0%92%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%9E%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2)_%D0%9E%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C_%D0%B8%D0%B7_%D1%81._%D0%97%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%83%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%8C%D0%B5_%28%D0%B4._%D0%92%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%9E%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%29_%D0%9E%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0.jpg/220px-%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C_%D0%B8%D0%B7_%D1%81._%D0%97%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%83%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%8C%D0%B5_%28%D0%B4._%D0%92%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%9E%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%29_%D0%9E%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C_%D0%B8%D0%B7_%D1%81._%D0%97%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%83%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%8C%D0%B5_%28%D0%B4._%D0%92%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%9E%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%29_%D0%9E%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0.jpg/330px-%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C_%D0%B8%D0%B7_%D1%81._%D0%97%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%83%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%8C%D0%B5_%28%D0%B4._%D0%92%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%9E%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%29_%D0%9E%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C_%D0%B8%D0%B7_%D1%81._%D0%97%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%83%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%8C%D0%B5_%28%D0%B4._%D0%92%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%9E%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%29_%D0%9E%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0.jpg/440px-%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C_%D0%B8%D0%B7_%D1%81._%D0%97%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%83%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%8C%D0%B5_%28%D0%B4._%D0%92%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%9E%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%29_%D0%9E%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="6000" /></a><figcaption>Ei av kyrkjene på friluftsmuseet.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Friluftsmuseet">Friluftsmuseet</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Novgorod&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Endre bolk: Friluftsmuseet" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>endre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Novgorod&action=edit&section=13" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Friluftsmuseet"><span>endre wikiteksten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>I landsbyen Vitoslavlitsj, på vegen mellom Novgorod og Jurievklosteret, er det oppretta eit friluftsmuseum med trekunst. Mange trekyrkjer, hus og møller, nokre heilt tilbake frå 1300-talet, er blitt ført hit frå heile Novgorodregionen. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Venskapsbyar">Venskapsbyar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Novgorod&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Endre bolk: Venskapsbyar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>endre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Novgorod&action=edit&section=14" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Venskapsbyar"><span>endre wikiteksten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Flag_of_France.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Frankrike"><img alt="Frankrike" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/22px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/33px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/44px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Strasbourg" title="Strasbourg">Strasbourg</a> i <a href="/wiki/Frankrike" title="Frankrike">Frankrike</a>.</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Flag_of_the_United_States.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="USA"><img alt="USA" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Rochester_i_New_York" title="Rochester i New York">Rochester</a> i <a href="/wiki/USA" title="USA">USA</a>.</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Flag_of_Germany.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tyskland"><img alt="Tyskland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/22px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/33px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/44px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Bielefeld" title="Bielefeld">Bielefeld</a> i <a href="/wiki/Tyskland" title="Tyskland">Tyskland</a>.</li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Flag_of_England.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/22px-Flag_of_England.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/33px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/44px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="480" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Watford" title="Watford">Watford</a> i <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a>.</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Kina"><img alt="Kina" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Zibo" title="Zibo">Zibo</a> i <a href="/wiki/Folkerepublikken_Kina" title="Folkerepublikken Kina">Kina</a>.</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Flag_of_Ukraine.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="UKraina"><img alt="UKraina" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/22px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/33px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/44px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Ivano-Frankivsk" title="Ivano-Frankivsk">Ivano-Frankivsk</a> i <a href="/wiki/Ukraina" title="Ukraina">Ukraina</a>.</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Flag_of_Norway.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Noreg"><img alt="Noreg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/22px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/33px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/44px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="372" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Moss" title="Moss">Moss</a> i <a href="/wiki/Noreg" title="Noreg">Noreg</a>.</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Flag_of_the_United_States.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="USA"><img alt="USA" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cleveland_Heights_i_Ohio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cleveland Heights i Ohio (sida finst ikkje)">Cleveland Heights</a> i <a href="/wiki/USA" title="USA">USA</a>.</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Flag_of_Estonia_(bordered).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Estland"><img alt="Estland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Estonia_%28bordered%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Estonia_%28bordered%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Estonia_%28bordered%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Estonia_%28bordered%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Estonia_%28bordered%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Estonia_%28bordered%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="630" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Valga_i_Estland" title="Valga i Estland">Valga</a> i <a href="/wiki/Estland" title="Estland">Estland</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bakgrunnsstoff">Bakgrunnsstoff</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Novgorod&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Endre bolk: Bakgrunnsstoff" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>endre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Novgorod&action=edit&section=15" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Bakgrunnsstoff"><span>endre wikiteksten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.novgorod.ru/english.php">Novgorod sin offisielle nettstad</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://faculty.washington.edu/dwaugh/rus/novgorod/novgindx.html">Historiske fakta</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://whc.unesco.org/pg.cfm?cid=31&id_site=604">UNESCO si nettside om Verdsarv i Novgorod</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.waytorussia.net/CentralRussia/Novgorod/Guide.html">Turistinformasjon</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.novsu.ac.ru">Universitetet i Novgorod (russisk)</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kjelder">Kjelder</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Novgorod&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Endre bolk: Kjelder" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>endre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Novgorod&action=edit&section=16" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Kjelder"><span>endre wikiteksten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="references-small"> <ul><li><i>Denne artikkelen bygger på «<a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novgorod" class="extiw" title="nb:Novgorod">Novgorod</a>» frå <a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hovedside" class="extiw" title="nb:Hovedside">Wikipedia på bokmål</a>, den 14. desember 2008.</i></li></ul> </div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r3515230">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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