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class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rum-running"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Rum-running</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rum-running-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sly-grog_shop" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sly-grog_shop"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Sly-grog shop</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sly-grog_shop-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legal_drinking_age" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legal_drinking_age"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Legal drinking age</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Legal_drinking_age-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon 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class="vector-toc-link" href="#Robbery_and_violent_crimes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>Robbery and violent crimes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Robbery_and_violent_crimes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Glassing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Glassing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.5</span> <span>Glassing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Glassing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Alcohol-facilitated_sexual_assault" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Alcohol-facilitated_sexual_assault"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.6</span> <span>Alcohol-facilitated sexual assault</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Alcohol-facilitated_sexual_assault-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Non-consensual_condom_removal" 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id="toc-Vandalism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vandalism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.8</span> <span>Vandalism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vandalism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Currency" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Currency"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.9</span> <span>Currency</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Currency-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" 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<div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Share_of_crimes_which_are_alcohol-related,_OWID.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Share_of_crimes_which_are_alcohol-related%2C_OWID.svg/220px-Share_of_crimes_which_are_alcohol-related%2C_OWID.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Share_of_crimes_which_are_alcohol-related%2C_OWID.svg/330px-Share_of_crimes_which_are_alcohol-related%2C_OWID.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Share_of_crimes_which_are_alcohol-related%2C_OWID.svg/440px-Share_of_crimes_which_are_alcohol-related%2C_OWID.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="850" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Share of crimes which are alcohol-related</figcaption></figure> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Criminal activities that involve alcohol use</div> <p><b>Alcohol-related crime</b> refers to criminal activities that involve <a href="/wiki/Alcohol_(drug)" title="Alcohol (drug)">alcohol</a> use as well as violations of regulations covering the sale or use of alcohol; in other words, activities violating the <a href="/wiki/Alcohol_laws" class="mw-redirect" title="Alcohol laws">alcohol laws</a>. Some crimes are uniquely tied to alcohol, such as <a href="/wiki/Public_intoxication" title="Public intoxication">public intoxication</a> or <a href="/wiki/Underage_drinking" class="mw-redirect" title="Underage drinking">underage drinking</a>, while others are simply more likely to occur together with alcohol consumption.<sup id="cite_ref-Sung_2016_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sung_2016-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Underage_drinking" class="mw-redirect" title="Underage drinking">Underage drinking</a> and <a href="/wiki/Drunk_driving" title="Drunk driving">drunk driving</a> are the most prevalent alcohol-specific offenses in the United States<sup id="cite_ref-Sung_2016_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sung_2016-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and a major problem in many, if not most, countries worldwide.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Similarly, about one-third of arrests in the United States involve alcohol misuse,<sup id="cite_ref-ButcherHooley2013_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ButcherHooley2013-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and arrests for alcohol-related crimes constitute a high proportion of all arrests made by police in the US<sup id="cite_ref-Clinard_2007_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Clinard_2007-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and elsewhere. </p><p>In the early 2000s, the monetary cost of alcohol-related <a href="/wiki/Crime_in_the_United_States" title="Crime in the United States">crime in the United States</a> alone has been estimated at over $205 billion, twice the economic cost of all other <a href="/wiki/Drug-related_crimes" class="mw-redirect" title="Drug-related crimes">drug-related crimes</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-McMurran_2012_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McMurran_2012-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In a similar period in the United Kingdom, the cost of crime and its antisocial effects was estimated at £7.3 billion.<sup id="cite_ref-McMurran_2012_2_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McMurran_2012_2-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another estimate for the UK for yearly cost of alcohol-related crime suggested double that estimate, at between £8 and 13 billion.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Risky patterns of drinking are particularly problematic in and around Russia, Mexico and some parts of Africa.<sup id="cite_ref-World_Health_Organization_2011_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-World_Health_Organization_2011-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Alcohol use is stereotypically associated with crime,<sup id="cite_ref-Sung_2016_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sung_2016-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> more so than other drugs like <a href="/wiki/Marijuana" class="mw-redirect" title="Marijuana">marijuana</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ButcherHooley2013_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ButcherHooley2013-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Policing alcohol-related street disorder and enforcing compliance checks of alcohol-dispensing businesses has proven successful in reducing public perception of and fear of criminal activities.<sup id="cite_ref-Sung_2016_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sung_2016-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Manufacturing-related">Manufacturing-related</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alcohol-related_crime&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Manufacturing-related"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Moonshine">Moonshine</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alcohol-related_crime&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Moonshine"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Moonshine" title="Moonshine">Moonshine</a></div> <p>Alcohol production is licensed and regulated in most countries and territories. Production of liquor outside of these regulations is referred to as producing <a href="/wiki/Moonshine" title="Moonshine">moonshine</a> or bootleg liquor, and is often illegal. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Methanol_laced_alcohol">Methanol laced alcohol</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alcohol-related_crime&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Methanol laced alcohol"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Poster_warning_from_the_dangers_of_drinking_methanol,_Russian.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Poster_warning_from_the_dangers_of_drinking_methanol%2C_Russian.jpg/220px-Poster_warning_from_the_dangers_of_drinking_methanol%2C_Russian.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Poster_warning_from_the_dangers_of_drinking_methanol%2C_Russian.jpg/330px-Poster_warning_from_the_dangers_of_drinking_methanol%2C_Russian.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Poster_warning_from_the_dangers_of_drinking_methanol%2C_Russian.jpg/440px-Poster_warning_from_the_dangers_of_drinking_methanol%2C_Russian.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="3072" /></a><figcaption>Russian poster warning people about the dangers of drinking methanol.</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_methanol_poisoning_incidents" title="List of methanol poisoning incidents">List of methanol poisoning incidents</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Outbreak" class="mw-redirect" title="Outbreak">Outbreaks</a> of <a href="/wiki/Methanol_poisoning" class="mw-redirect" title="Methanol poisoning">methanol poisoning</a> have occurred when methanol is used to adulterate moonshine.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Methanol has a high toxicity in humans. If as little as 10 mL of pure methanol is ingested, for example, it can break down into <a href="/wiki/Formic_acid" title="Formic acid">formic acid</a>, which can cause permanent blindness by destruction of the <a href="/wiki/Optic_nerve" title="Optic nerve">optic nerve</a>, and 30 mL is potentially fatal,<sup id="cite_ref-Vale_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vale-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although the <a href="/wiki/Median_lethal_dose" title="Median lethal dose">median lethal dose</a> is typically 100 mL (3.4 fl oz) (i.e. 1–2 mL/kg body weight of pure methanol<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>). The <a href="/wiki/Reference_dose" title="Reference dose">reference dose</a> for methanol is 0.5 mg/kg/day.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Toxic effects take hours to start, and effective antidotes can often prevent permanent damage.<sup id="cite_ref-Vale_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vale-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Because of its similarities in both appearance and odor to <a href="/wiki/Ethanol" title="Ethanol">ethanol</a> (the alcohol in beverages), it is difficult to differentiate between the two. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pruno">Pruno</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alcohol-related_crime&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Pruno"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Pruno" title="Pruno">Pruno</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Prison_wine.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Prison_wine.jpeg/220px-Prison_wine.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="316" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Prison_wine.jpeg/330px-Prison_wine.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Prison_wine.jpeg/440px-Prison_wine.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="616" data-file-height="886" /></a><figcaption>A one-US-gallon (3.8 L) jug of contraband prison wine made from oranges, confiscated from an inmate</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Pruno" title="Pruno">Pruno</a>, also known as prison hooch or prison wine, is a term used in the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> to describe an improvised <a href="/wiki/Alcoholic_drink" class="mw-redirect" title="Alcoholic drink">alcoholic beverage</a>. It is variously made from <a href="/wiki/Apple_(fruit)" class="mw-redirect" title="Apple (fruit)">apples</a>, <a href="/wiki/Orange_(fruit)" title="Orange (fruit)">oranges</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fruit_cocktail" class="mw-redirect" title="Fruit cocktail">fruit cocktail</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fruit_juices" class="mw-redirect" title="Fruit juices">fruit juices</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hard_candy" title="Hard candy">hard candy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sugar" title="Sugar">sugar</a>, <a href="/wiki/High_fructose_syrup" class="mw-redirect" title="High fructose syrup">high fructose syrup</a>, and possibly other ingredients, including crumbled <a href="/wiki/Bread" title="Bread">bread</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Pruno,_Ramen,_and_a_Side_of_Hope_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pruno,_Ramen,_and_a_Side_of_Hope-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Prison officials take a dim view of alcohol and brewing any kind of prison hooch is strictly prohibited. It comes with stiff penalties, from solitary confinement to extended sentences. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Wine_fraud">Wine fraud</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alcohol-related_crime&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Wine fraud"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Wine_fraud" title="Wine fraud">Wine fraud</a> relates to the commercial aspects of wine. The most prevalent type of fraud is one where wines are adulterated, usually with the addition of cheaper products (e.g. juices) and sometimes with harmful <a href="/wiki/Chemical" class="mw-redirect" title="Chemical">chemicals</a> and sweeteners (compensating for color or flavor). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Purchase-related">Purchase-related</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alcohol-related_crime&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Purchase-related"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rum-running">Rum-running</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alcohol-related_crime&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Rum-running"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Rum-running" title="Rum-running">Rum-running</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Rum-running" title="Rum-running">Rum-running</a> is the <a href="/wiki/Black_market" title="Black market">black market</a> business of <a href="/wiki/Smuggling" title="Smuggling">smuggling</a> alcoholic beverages where such transportation is forbidden by law. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sly-grog_shop">Sly-grog shop</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alcohol-related_crime&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Sly-grog shop"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Sly-grog_shop" title="Sly-grog shop">Sly-grog shop</a></div> <p>In Australia, a <a href="/wiki/Sly-grog_shop" title="Sly-grog shop">sly-grog shop</a> is an unlicensed <a href="/wiki/Australian_pub" title="Australian pub">hotel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Liquor_store" title="Liquor store">liquor-store</a> or other vendor of <a href="/wiki/Alcoholic_drink" class="mw-redirect" title="Alcoholic drink">alcoholic beverages</a>, sometimes with the added suggestion of selling poor-quality products. From the time of the <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">First World War</a> until as late as the 1960s (in <a href="/wiki/Victoria_(Australia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Victoria (Australia)">Victoria</a> and <a href="/wiki/South_Australia" title="South Australia">South Australia</a>), much of Australia had <a href="/wiki/Six_o%27clock_swill" title="Six o'clock swill">early closing of hotels and pubs serving alcoholic beverages</a>. The term is also used to denote illegal sales in <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_Australians" title="Indigenous Australians">Indigenous</a> areas where alcohol has been banned or restricted. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legal_drinking_age">Legal drinking age</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alcohol-related_crime&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Legal drinking age"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Legal_drinking_age" title="Legal drinking age">Legal drinking age</a></div> <p>Most countries have prescribed a <a href="/wiki/Legal_drinking_age" title="Legal drinking age">legal drinking age</a> which prohibits the purchase of alcohol by <a href="/wiki/Minor_(law)" title="Minor (law)">minors</a>. Most countries also prohibit the consumption of alcohol to minors. Some countries have a tiered structure that limits the sale of stronger alcoholic drinks to older adults (typically based on the percentage of <a href="/wiki/ABV" class="mw-redirect" title="ABV">ABV</a>) Other restrictions that some countries impose is based on the place in which alcohol is consumed, such as in the home, in a restaurant, or in a bar. The age at which these restrictions come to an end varies significantly from country to country, as does the degree to which it is enforced, which can also vary within a country. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Straw_purchase">Straw purchase</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alcohol-related_crime&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Straw purchase"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Straw_purchase" title="Straw purchase">Straw purchase</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Shoulder_tap_(alcohol)" title="Shoulder tap (alcohol)">Shoulder tap (alcohol)</a></div> <p>A <a href="/wiki/Straw_purchase" title="Straw purchase">straw purchase</a> in the context of alcohol law is any purchase wherein a person above the legal age agrees to acquire alcohol for someone who is under the legal drinking age and therefore prohibited from purchasing alcohol themselves. Straw purchases of alcohol are illegal in most jurisdictions. For example, in <a href="/wiki/England_and_Wales" title="England and Wales">England and Wales</a>, buying alcohol on behalf of a person under 18 is a <a href="/wiki/Summary_offence" title="Summary offence">summary offence</a> under section 149 of the <a href="/wiki/Licensing_Act_2003" title="Licensing Act 2003">Licensing Act 2003</a>, punishable by an unlimited fine (level 5 on the <a href="/wiki/Standard_scale#England_and_Wales" title="Standard scale">standard scale</a>). There is an exception for beer, wine or cider served to a 16 or 17-year-old with a meal at a table.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Drunk_driving">Drunk driving</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alcohol-related_crime&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Drunk driving"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Drunk_driving" title="Drunk driving">Drunk driving</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Drive_the_car_being_sober.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Drive_the_car_being_sober.JPG/220px-Drive_the_car_being_sober.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Drive_the_car_being_sober.JPG/330px-Drive_the_car_being_sober.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Drive_the_car_being_sober.JPG/440px-Drive_the_car_being_sober.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a><figcaption>An Estonian billboard warning against drunk driving</figcaption></figure> <p>Most countries have <a href="/wiki/Driving_under_the_influence" title="Driving under the influence">Driving under the influence</a> laws, specifically for the offense of <a href="/wiki/Drunk_driving" title="Drunk driving">drunk driving</a>. Driving under the influence (DUI) or driving while intoxicated (DWI), is the crime of driving a motor vehicle while impaired by alcohol or other drugs (including those prescribed by physicians).<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>With alcohol consumption, a drunk driver's level of intoxication is typically determined by a measurement of <a href="/wiki/Blood_alcohol_content" title="Blood alcohol content">blood alcohol content</a> or BAC; but this can also be expressed as a breath test measurement, often referred to as a BrAC. A BAC or BrAC measurement in excess of the specific threshold level, such as 0.08%, defines the criminal offense with no need to prove impairment.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In some jurisdictions, there is an aggravated category of the offense at a higher BAC level, such as 0.12%, 0.15% or 0.25%. In many jurisdictions, police officers can conduct field tests of suspects to look for signs of intoxication. </p><p>Punishments for violation include <a href="/wiki/Fine_(penalty)" title="Fine (penalty)">fines</a>, temporary or permanent loss of <a href="/wiki/Driver%27s_license" title="Driver's license">driver's license</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Incarceration" class="mw-redirect" title="Incarceration">imprisonment</a>. Some jurisdictions have similar prohibitions for drunk sailing, drunk bicycling, and even drunk rollerblading. In many places in the United States, it is also illegal to have an open container of an alcoholic beverage in the passenger compartment of a vehicle. </p><p>A 2002 study found 41% of people fatally injured in traffic accidents were in alcohol-related crashes.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid15301401_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid15301401-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Misuse of alcohol is associated with more than 40% of deaths that occur in automobile accidents every year.<sup id="cite_ref-ButcherHooley2013_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ButcherHooley2013-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The risk of a fatal car accident increases exponentially with the level of alcohol in the driver's blood.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid8448514_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid8448514-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Drunk cyclists can only be charged if they ride dangerously, cause a crash, or behave disruptively.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, cycling under the influence increases the risk of severe injury, hospital resource use, and even death, according to a study highlighting the importance of safe cycling practices.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Public_intoxication">Public intoxication</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alcohol-related_crime&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Public intoxication"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Public_intoxication" title="Public intoxication">Public intoxication</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Drinking_in_public" title="Drinking in public">Drinking in public</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Stonehenge_trouble_on_stones.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A photograph of a group of people standing outside at nighttime, two of whom are barechested and one of whom is balancing on a stone" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Stonehenge_trouble_on_stones.jpg/220px-Stonehenge_trouble_on_stones.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="219" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Stonehenge_trouble_on_stones.jpg/330px-Stonehenge_trouble_on_stones.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Stonehenge_trouble_on_stones.jpg/440px-Stonehenge_trouble_on_stones.jpg 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="896" /></a><figcaption>In the United Kingdom, the police normally only enforce the laws against public intoxication if the intoxicated person is unable to act in a reasonable manner, as demonstrated by such activities as climbing on <a href="/wiki/Stonehenge" title="Stonehenge">Stonehenge</a> <i>(pictured)</i>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Public drunkenness or intoxication is a common problem in many jurisdictions. Public intoxication laws vary widely by jurisdiction, but include public nuisance laws, <a href="/wiki/Open-container_law" title="Open-container law">open-container laws</a>, and prohibitions on <a href="/wiki/Drinking_in_public" title="Drinking in public">drinking alcohol in public</a> or certain areas. The offenders are often lower class individuals and this crime has a very high recidivism rate, with numerous instances of repeated instances of the arrest, jail, release without treatment cycle. The high number of arrests for public drunkenness often reflects rearrests of the same offenders.<sup id="cite_ref-Clinard_2007_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Clinard_2007-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Involvement_in_other_crimes">Involvement in other crimes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alcohol-related_crime&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Involvement in other crimes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Alcohol availability and consumption rates and alcohol rates are positively associated with nuisance, loitering, <a href="/wiki/Begging" title="Begging">panhandling</a>, and disorderly conduct in open spaces; <a href="/wiki/Domestic_violence" title="Domestic violence">domestic violence</a>; as well as <a href="/wiki/Violent_crime" title="Violent crime">violent crimes</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-ButcherHooley2013_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ButcherHooley2013-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> though specifics differ between particular countries and cultures.<sup id="cite_ref-Sung_2016_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sung_2016-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Crime perpetrators are much more likely to be intoxicated than crime victims. Research found that factors that increase the likelihood of alcohol-related violence include difficult temperament, hyperactivity, hostile beliefs, history of family violence, poor school performance, delinquent peers, criminogenic beliefs about alcohol's effects, impulsivity, and <a href="/wiki/Antisocial_personality_disorder" title="Antisocial personality disorder">antisocial personality disorder</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Sung_2016_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sung_2016-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The relation between <a href="/wiki/Alcohol_and_violence" class="mw-redirect" title="Alcohol and violence">alcohol and violence</a> is not yet fully understood, as its impact on different individual varies.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> While alcohol use correlates positively with crimes and violence, there is no simple, causal and direct relationship. Studies and theories of <a href="/wiki/Alcohol_abuse" title="Alcohol abuse">alcohol abuse</a> suggest, among others, that use of alcohol likely reduces the offender's perception and awareness of consequences of their actions.<sup id="cite_ref-Holstege232_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Holstege232-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Sung_2016_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sung_2016-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Clinard_2007_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Clinard_2007-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">World Health Organization</a> has noted that out of <a href="/wiki/Social_issue" title="Social issue">social problems</a> created by the harmful use of alcohol, "crime and violence related to alcohol consumption" are likely the most significant issue.<sup id="cite_ref-World_Health_Organization_2011_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-World_Health_Organization_2011-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Heavy_drinking" class="mw-redirect" title="Heavy drinking">Heavy drinking</a> is associated with vulnerability to injury, <a href="/wiki/Marital_discord" class="mw-redirect" title="Marital discord">marital discord</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Domestic_violence" title="Domestic violence">domestic violence</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ButcherHooley2013_6-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ButcherHooley2013-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Moderate drinkers are more frequently engaged in intimate violence than are light drinkers and abstainers, however generally it is heavy and/or binge drinkers who are involved in the most chronic and serious forms of aggression. The odds, frequency, and severity of physical attacks are all positively correlated with alcohol use. In turn, violence decreases after behavioral marital alcoholism treatment. Research found that factors that increase the likelihood of alcohol‐related violence include difficult temperament, hyperactivity, hostile beliefs, history of family violence, poor school performance, delinquent peers, criminogenic beliefs about alcohol's effects, impulsivity, and antisocial personality disorder.<sup id="cite_ref-Sung_2016_1-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sung_2016-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Passive_drinking" title="Passive drinking">Passive drinking</a>, analogous to passive smoking, refers to the adverse consequences experienced by those around someone who is experiencing alcohol intoxication. These include the unborn fetus and children of parents who drink excessively, drunk drivers, accidents, domestic violence and alcohol-related sexual assaults.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Domestic_violence_and_child_abuse">Domestic violence and child abuse</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alcohol-related_crime&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Domestic violence and child abuse"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Domestic_violence" title="Domestic violence">Domestic violence</a> and <a href="/wiki/Child_abuse" title="Child abuse">child abuse</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Domestic_violence" title="Domestic violence">Domestic violence</a> typically co-occurs with alcohol abuse. Alcohol use has been reported as a factor by two-thirds of domestic abuse victims. Moderate drinkers are more frequently engaged in intimate violence than are light drinkers and abstainers, however generally it is heavy and/or binge drinkers who are involved in the most chronic and serious forms of aggression. The odds, frequency, and severity of physical attacks are all positively correlated with alcohol use. In turn, violence decreases after behavioral marital alcoholism treatment. Studies also suggest there may be links between alcohol abuse and <a href="/wiki/Child_abuse" title="Child abuse">child abuse</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Sung_2016_1-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sung_2016-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Football_hooliganism">Football hooliganism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alcohol-related_crime&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Football hooliganism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Football hooliganism is driven by violence that often is alcohol-fueled. This can be a hard difference to notice as hooligans are regular citizens just like the other fans. Notably, game days can be seen by fans as an opportunity to get drunk, this is supported by a study from Michael Ostrowsky who draws on other research: <i>[f]ans who have been plied with alcohol are more likely than their sober counterparts to engage in a variety of behaviors, some of which can be problematic</i>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="is there an available reference for this study? (June 2024)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Using this information, it is clear that alcohol and sports have a strong connection. However, restricted usage of alcohol as seen in events such as the <a href="/wiki/2022_FIFA_World_Cup" title="2022 FIFA World Cup">2022 Qatar World Cup</a>, was effective in reducing the level of hooliganism that has been previously seen in other major tournaments.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Negligence">Negligence</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alcohol-related_crime&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Negligence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rozbit%C3%A9_hn%C4%9Bd%C3%A9_sklo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Rozbit%C3%A9_hn%C4%9Bd%C3%A9_sklo.jpg/220px-Rozbit%C3%A9_hn%C4%9Bd%C3%A9_sklo.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Rozbit%C3%A9_hn%C4%9Bd%C3%A9_sklo.jpg/330px-Rozbit%C3%A9_hn%C4%9Bd%C3%A9_sklo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Rozbit%C3%A9_hn%C4%9Bd%C3%A9_sklo.jpg/440px-Rozbit%C3%A9_hn%C4%9Bd%C3%A9_sklo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption>Shards of broken beer bottles</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Negligence" title="Negligence">Negligence</a> in alcohol consumption can have a ripple effect on environmentally responsible behavior. For example, improper disposal of alcohol bottles is a common problem. Many are not recycled or left behind in public spaces. Discarded alcoholic beverage containers, especially broken glass shards that are difficult to remove, does not only create an eyesore but may also cause <a href="/wiki/Flat_tire" title="Flat tire">flat tires</a> for cyclists, injure wildlife or kids. Also, people under the influence may forget to extinguish <a href="/wiki/Outdoor_fireplace" title="Outdoor fireplace">outdoor fireplaces</a>, which may create a <a href="/wiki/Fire_safety" title="Fire safety">fire hazard</a> since unchecked fires can escalate into <a href="/wiki/Wildfire" title="Wildfire">wildfires</a>. Consuming <a href="/wiki/Alcoholic_beverages" class="mw-redirect" title="Alcoholic beverages">alcoholic beverages</a>, which increases urine production and reduces <a href="/wiki/Social_inhibition" title="Social inhibition">social inhibitions</a>, can lead to public urination. Public urination is illegal in most areas. </p><p>Alcohol consumption can contribute to nighttime <a href="/wiki/Noise_pollution" title="Noise pollution">noise pollution</a>, especially through loud music played by intoxicated individuals. This disrupts sleep and relaxation for nearby residents, impacting health and productivity. Municipal noise ordinances often establish quiet hours and penalties for violations. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Robbery_and_violent_crimes">Robbery and violent crimes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alcohol-related_crime&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Robbery and violent crimes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Violent_crimes" class="mw-redirect" title="Violent crimes">Violent crimes</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Photo_of_an_empty_bottle_of_Buckfast_Tonic_Wine.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Photo of an empty bottle of Buckfast Tonic Wine" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Photo_of_an_empty_bottle_of_Buckfast_Tonic_Wine.JPG/220px-Photo_of_an_empty_bottle_of_Buckfast_Tonic_Wine.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Photo_of_an_empty_bottle_of_Buckfast_Tonic_Wine.JPG/330px-Photo_of_an_empty_bottle_of_Buckfast_Tonic_Wine.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Photo_of_an_empty_bottle_of_Buckfast_Tonic_Wine.JPG/440px-Photo_of_an_empty_bottle_of_Buckfast_Tonic_Wine.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>In certain parts of Scotland, the caffeinated alcoholic drink <a href="/wiki/Buckfast_Tonic_Wine" title="Buckfast Tonic Wine">Buckfast Tonic Wine</a> (originally made by monks at Buckfast Abbey) is associated with drinkers who are prone to committing <a href="/wiki/Anti-social_behaviour" title="Anti-social behaviour">anti-social behaviour</a> when drunk.<sup id="cite_ref-telegraph_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-telegraph-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Robbery and violent crimes often involve alcohol use, and there is a positive correlation between such crimes and alcohol use.<sup id="cite_ref-Sung_2016_1-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sung_2016-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 15% of robberies, 63% of intimate partner violence incidents, 37% of sexual assaults, 45–46% of physical assaults and 40–45% of homicides in the United States involved use of alcohol.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-McMurran_2012_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McMurran_2012-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A 1983 study for the United States found that 54% of violent crime perpetrators, arrested in that country, had been consuming alcohol before their offenses.<sup id="cite_ref-Clinard_2007_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Clinard_2007-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the United Kingdom, in 2015/2016, 39% of those involved in violent crimes were under alcohol influence.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A significant portion, 40%, of homicide victims tested positive for alcohol in the US.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> International studies are similar, with an estimate that 63% of violent crimes worldwide involves the use of alcohol.<sup id="cite_ref-McMurran_2012_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McMurran_2012-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2002, it was estimated that 1 million violent crimes in the U.S. were related to alcohol use.<sup id="cite_ref-ButcherHooley2013_6-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ButcherHooley2013-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> More than 43% of violent encounters with police involve alcohol.<sup id="cite_ref-ButcherHooley2013_6-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ButcherHooley2013-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Glassing">Glassing</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alcohol-related_crime&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Glassing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE.jpg/220px-%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE.jpg/330px-%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE.jpg/440px-%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2383" data-file-height="1588" /></a><figcaption>A broken bottle for glassing.</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Glassing" title="Glassing">Glassing</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Glassing" title="Glassing">Glassing</a> (or bottling in <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a>) is a physical attack using a <a href="/wiki/Drinking_glass" class="mw-redirect" title="Drinking glass">glass</a> or <a href="/wiki/Beer_bottle" title="Beer bottle">bottle</a> as a weapon. Glassings can occur at bars or pubs where <a href="/wiki/Alcoholic_beverage" title="Alcoholic beverage">alcoholic beverages</a> is served and such items are readily available. The most common method of glassing involves the attacker smashing an intact glass vessel in the face of the victim, though it can also be smashed onto a surface, then gripped by the remaining base of the glass or neck of the bottle with the broken shards protruding outwards and used in a manner similar to a knife. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Alcohol-facilitated_sexual_assault">Alcohol-facilitated sexual assault</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alcohol-related_crime&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Alcohol-facilitated sexual assault"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Edvard_Munch-The_Day_After.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Edvard_Munch-The_Day_After.jpg/220px-Edvard_Munch-The_Day_After.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Edvard_Munch-The_Day_After.jpg/330px-Edvard_Munch-The_Day_After.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Edvard_Munch-The_Day_After.jpg/440px-Edvard_Munch-The_Day_After.jpg 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="669" /></a><figcaption>Most sexual assaults occur when the victim has consumed alcohol, rather than "<a href="/wiki/Mickey_Finn_(drugs)" title="Mickey Finn (drugs)">spiked</a>" drinks.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Drug-facilitated_sexual_assault" title="Drug-facilitated sexual assault">Drug-facilitated sexual assault</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Campus_sexual_assault" title="Campus sexual assault">Campus sexual assault</a></div> <p>Rape is any sexual activity that occurs without the freely given <a href="/wiki/Sexual_consent" title="Sexual consent">consent</a> of one of the parties involved. This includes <a href="/wiki/Drug-facilitated_sexual_assault" title="Drug-facilitated sexual assault">alcohol-facilitated sexual assault</a> which is considered rape in most if not all jurisdictions,<sup id="cite_ref-pmid18511003_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid18511003-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or <a href="/wiki/Non-consensual_condom_removal" title="Non-consensual condom removal">non-consensual condom removal</a> which is criminalized in some countries (see the map below). A 2008 study found that rapists typically consumed relatively high amounts of alcohol and infrequently used condoms during assaults, which was linked to a significant increase in STI transmission.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This also increase the risk of <a href="/wiki/Pregnancy_from_rape" title="Pregnancy from rape">pregnancy from rape</a> for female victims. Some people turn to drugs or alcohol to cope with emotional trauma after a rape; use of these during pregnancy can harm the fetus.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>One of the most common <a href="/wiki/Date_rape_drug" title="Date rape drug">date rape drugs</a> is alcohol,<sup id="cite_ref-medicalnewstoday_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-medicalnewstoday-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid10881768_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid10881768-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Holstege232_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Holstege232-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> administered either surreptitiously<sup id="cite_ref-Lyman_2006_70_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lyman_2006_70-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or consumed voluntarily,<sup id="cite_ref-medicalnewstoday_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-medicalnewstoday-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> rendering the victim unable to make informed decisions or give consent. The perpetrator then facilitates <a href="/wiki/Sexual_assault" title="Sexual assault">sexual assault</a> or <a href="/wiki/Rape" title="Rape">rape</a>, a crime known as alcohol- or <a href="/wiki/Drug-facilitated_sexual_assault" title="Drug-facilitated sexual assault">drug-facilitated sexual assault</a> (DFSA).<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid18511003_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid18511003-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid18541699_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid18541699-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, sex with an unconscious victim is considered rape in most if not all jurisdictions, and some assailants have committed "rapes of convenience" whereby they have assaulted a victim after he or she had become unconscious from drinking too much.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The risk of individuals either experiencing or perpetrating <a href="/wiki/Sexual_violence" title="Sexual violence">sexual violence</a> and <a href="/wiki/Risky_sexual_behavior" title="Risky sexual behavior">risky sexual behavior</a> increases with <a href="/wiki/Alcohol_abuse" title="Alcohol abuse">alcohol abuse</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Chersich-2010_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chersich-2010-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> particularly by the consumption of <a href="/wiki/Caffeinated_alcoholic_drink" title="Caffeinated alcoholic drink">caffeinated alcoholic drinks</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Non-consensual_condom_removal">Non-consensual condom removal</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alcohol-related_crime&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Non-consensual condom removal"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Stealthinglaws.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Stealthinglaws.png/300px-Stealthinglaws.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Stealthinglaws.png/450px-Stealthinglaws.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Stealthinglaws.png/600px-Stealthinglaws.png 2x" data-file-width="1427" data-file-height="628" /></a><figcaption> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#FF2A2A; color:black;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> Court decision declaring stealthing as rape or sexual assault</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959" /><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#2596be; color:black;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> Law prohibiting stealthing</div> </figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Non-consensual_condom_removal" title="Non-consensual condom removal">Non-consensual condom removal</a>, or "stealthing",<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is the practice of a person removing a <a href="/wiki/Condom" title="Condom">condom</a> during <a href="/wiki/Sexual_intercourse" title="Sexual intercourse">sexual intercourse</a> without consent, when their sex partner has only <a href="/wiki/Sexual_consent" title="Sexual consent">consented</a> to condom-protected sex.<sup id="cite_ref-chessner-zahra_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chessner-zahra-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Purposefully damaging a condom before or during intercourse may also be referred to as stealthing,<sup id="cite_ref-CNN_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CNN-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> regardless of who damaged the condom. </p><p>Consuming alcohol can be risky in sexual situations. It can impair judgment and make it difficult for both people to give or receive informed <a href="/wiki/Sexual_consent" title="Sexual consent">sexual consent</a>. However, a history of sexual aggression and <a href="/wiki/Alcohol_intoxication" title="Alcohol intoxication">alcohol intoxication</a> are factors associated with an increased risk of men employing non-consensual condom removal and engaging in sexually aggressive behavior with female partners.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Wartime_sexual_violence">Wartime sexual violence</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alcohol-related_crime&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Wartime sexual violence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The use of alcohol is a documented factor in <a href="/wiki/Wartime_sexual_violence" title="Wartime sexual violence">wartime sexual violence</a>. For example, <a href="/wiki/Rape_during_the_liberation_of_Serbia" title="Rape during the liberation of Serbia">rape during the liberation of Serbia</a> was committed by Soviet <a href="/wiki/Red_Army" title="Red Army">Red Army</a> soldiers against women during their advance to Berlin in late 1944 and early 1945 during <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>. Serbian journalist Vuk Perišić said about the rapes: "The rapes were extremely brutal, under the influence of alcohol and usually by a group of soldiers. The Soviet soldiers did not pay attention to the fact that Serbia was their ally, and there is no doubt that the Soviet high command tacitly approved the rape."<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While there wasn't a codified international law specifically prohibiting rape during World War II, <a href="/wiki/Customary_international_law" title="Customary international law">customary international law</a> principles already existed that condemned violence against civilians. These principles formed the basis for the development of more explicit laws after the war,<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> including the <a href="/wiki/Nuremberg_Principles" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuremberg Principles">Nuremberg Principles</a> established in 1950. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Street_crime">Street crime</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alcohol-related_crime&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Street crime"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Research suggests a link between alcohol use and involvement in <a href="/wiki/Street_crime" title="Street crime">street crime</a>. Intoxication can impair judgment and lower inhibitions, increasing the likelihood of risky behavior like theft or violence. This can escalate situations and lead to more serious crimes. Since the consumption of alcohol negatively impacts the brain function, drunk people fail to assess the situation which often results in overreacting and unpredictable fights.<sup id="cite_ref-Monico_2020_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Monico_2020-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Street_fighting" title="Street fighting">Street fighting</a> is usually illegal due to its disruption of public order. Some fights are driven by alcohol. Alcohol itself does not directly lead to violence but it acts as a catalyst, allowing cheers from the crowds or provocation from opponents to ignite the fight between fighters.<sup id="cite_ref-Monico_2020_52-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Monico_2020-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vandalism">Vandalism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alcohol-related_crime&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Vandalism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Alcohol-fueled vandalism is a form of destructive behavior that occurs when individuals under the influence of alcohol damage or destroy property, often public or private, that doesn't belong to them. This vandalism can range from minor acts like spray-painting graffiti or breaking windows to more serious offenses like damaging vehicles or buildings. </p><p>Impaired judgment and impulse control are key factors. Alcohol intoxication weakens a person's ability to make sound decisions and control their urges, making them more likely to engage in risky or destructive behavior. Additionally, the disinhibition caused by alcohol can lead to a sense of anonymity or invincibility, further emboldening individuals to commit vandalism. Social settings where heavy alcohol consumption is present, particularly those with large groups, can create a sense of conformity or peer pressure, increasing the likelihood of vandalism. </p><p>The consequences of alcohol-fueled vandalism can be significant for both the victims and the perpetrators. Victims may face financial losses to repair or replace damaged property. Beyond the financial impact, vandalism can also create a sense of fear and insecurity within communities. For the perpetrators, vandalism can lead to criminal charges, fines, or even jail time. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Currency">Currency</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alcohol-related_crime&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Currency"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Alcohol has been used as a currency for <a href="/wiki/Transactional_sex" title="Transactional sex">transactional sex</a> in South Africa, and Uganda.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alcohol-related_crime&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:William_Hogarth_-_Gin_Lane.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/William_Hogarth_-_Gin_Lane.jpg/250px-William_Hogarth_-_Gin_Lane.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="290" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/William_Hogarth_-_Gin_Lane.jpg/375px-William_Hogarth_-_Gin_Lane.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/William_Hogarth_-_Gin_Lane.jpg/500px-William_Hogarth_-_Gin_Lane.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="4638" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/Gin_Lane" class="mw-redirect" title="Gin Lane">Gin Lane</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/William_Hogarth" title="William Hogarth">William Hogarth</a>, 1751</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Gin_Craze" title="Gin Craze">Gin Craze</a> was a period in the first half of the 18th century when the consumption of <a href="/wiki/Gin" title="Gin">gin</a> increased rapidly in Great Britain, especially in London. By 1743, England was drinking 2.2 <a href="/wiki/Imperial_(UK)_gallon#Measures_of_volume" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperial (UK) gallon">gallons</a> (10 litres) of gin per person per year. The <a href="/wiki/Sale_of_Spirits_Act_1750" class="mw-redirect" title="Sale of Spirits Act 1750">Sale of Spirits Act 1750</a> (commonly known as the Gin Act 1751) was an <a href="/wiki/Act_of_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="Act of Parliament">Act</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Great_Britain" title="Parliament of Great Britain">Parliament of Great Britain</a> (<a href="/wiki/24_Geo._2" class="mw-redirect" title="24 Geo. 2">24 Geo. 2</a>. c. 40) which was enacted to reduce the consumption of <a href="/wiki/Gin" title="Gin">gin</a> and other <a href="/wiki/Distilled_beverage" class="mw-redirect" title="Distilled beverage">distilled spirits</a>, a popular pastime<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> that was regarded as one of the primary causes of <a href="/wiki/Crime_in_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Crime in England">crime in London</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Paul_Jordan" title="Gilbert Paul Jordan">Gilbert Paul Jordan</a> (aka The Boozing Barber) was a Canadian <a href="/wiki/Serial_killer" title="Serial killer">serial killer</a> who is believed to have committed the so-called "alcohol murders" between 1965-<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 2004</span> in <a href="/wiki/Vancouver" title="Vancouver">Vancouver</a>, British Columbia. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alcohol-related_crime&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_myopia" title="Alcohol myopia">Alcohol myopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drug-related_crime" title="Drug-related crime">Drug-related crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_alcohol_consumption_per_capita" title="List of countries by alcohol consumption per capita">List of countries by alcohol consumption per capita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prohibition_of_alcohol" class="mw-redirect" title="Prohibition of alcohol">Prohibition of alcohol</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alcohol-related_crime&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Sung_2016-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Sung_2016_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sung_2016_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sung_2016_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sung_2016_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sung_2016_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sung_2016_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sung_2016_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sung_2016_1-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sung_2016_1-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sung_2016_1-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFSung2016" class="citation cs2">Sung, Hung-En (2016), "Alcohol and Crime", <i>The Blackwell Encyclopedia of Sociology</i>, American Cancer Society, pp. <span class="nowrap">1–</span>2, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2F9781405165518.wbeosa039.pub2">10.1002/9781405165518.wbeosa039.pub2</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781405165518" title="Special:BookSources/9781405165518"><bdi>9781405165518</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Alcohol+and+Crime&rft.btitle=The+Blackwell+Encyclopedia+of+Sociology&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1-%3C%2Fspan%3E2&rft.pub=American+Cancer+Society&rft.date=2016&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2F9781405165518.wbeosa039.pub2&rft.isbn=9781405165518&rft.aulast=Sung&rft.aufirst=Hung-En&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlcohol-related+crime" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTrevorKaty2005" class="citation book cs1">Trevor, Bennett; Katy, Holloway (1 April 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=JlJwMtaFVm4C&pg=PA6"><i>Understanding Drugs, Alcohol And Crime</i></a>. McGraw-Hill Education (UK). p. 6. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780335212576" title="Special:BookSources/9780335212576"><bdi>9780335212576</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240905055338/https://books.google.com/books?id=JlJwMtaFVm4C&pg=PA6#v=onepage&q&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on 5 September 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 September</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Understanding+Drugs%2C+Alcohol+And+Crime&rft.pages=6&rft.pub=McGraw-Hill+Education+%28UK%29&rft.date=2005-04-01&rft.isbn=9780335212576&rft.aulast=Trevor&rft.aufirst=Bennett&rft.au=Katy%2C+Holloway&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJlJwMtaFVm4C%26pg%3DPA6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlcohol-related+crime" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190922021520/https://njduidefense.lawyer/drunk-driving-statistics-worldwide/">"Drunk Driving Statistics in the US and Across the World"</a>. <i>Law Office of Douglas Herring</i>. 13 November 2017. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://njduidefense.lawyer/drunk-driving-statistics-worldwide/">the original</a> on 22 September 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 September</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Law+Office+of+Douglas+Herring&rft.atitle=Drunk+Driving+Statistics+in+the+US+and+Across+the+World&rft.date=2017-11-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnjduidefense.lawyer%2Fdrunk-driving-statistics-worldwide%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlcohol-related+crime" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.voanews.com/archive/drunk-driving-increasing-concern-worldwide">"Drunk Driving Increasing Concern Worldwide"</a>. <i>Voice of America</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190922021520/https://www.voanews.com/archive/drunk-driving-increasing-concern-worldwide">Archived</a> from the original on 22 September 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 September</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Voice+of+America&rft.atitle=Drunk+Driving+Increasing+Concern+Worldwide&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.voanews.com%2Farchive%2Fdrunk-driving-increasing-concern-worldwide&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlcohol-related+crime" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSweedlerStewart2009" class="citation cs2">Sweedler, Barry M.; Stewart, Kathryn (2009), Verster, Joris C.; Pandi-Perumal, S. R.; Ramaekers, Johannes G.; de Gier, Johan J. (eds.), "Worldwide trends in alcohol and drug impaired driving", <i>Drugs, Driving and Traffic Safety</i>, Birkhäuser Basel, pp. <span class="nowrap">23–</span>41, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2F978-3-7643-9923-8_2">10.1007/978-3-7643-9923-8_2</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783764399238" title="Special:BookSources/9783764399238"><bdi>9783764399238</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Drugs%2C+Driving+and+Traffic+Safety&rft.atitle=Worldwide+trends+in+alcohol+and+drug+impaired+driving&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E23-%3C%2Fspan%3E41&rft.date=2009&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2F978-3-7643-9923-8_2&rft.isbn=9783764399238&rft.aulast=Sweedler&rft.aufirst=Barry+M.&rft.au=Stewart%2C+Kathryn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlcohol-related+crime" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ButcherHooley2013-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ButcherHooley2013_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ButcherHooley2013_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ButcherHooley2013_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ButcherHooley2013_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ButcherHooley2013_6-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ButcherHooley2013_6-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ButcherHooley2013_6-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFButcherHooleyMineka2013" class="citation book cs1">Butcher JN, <a href="/wiki/Jill_M._Hooley" title="Jill M. Hooley">Hooley JM</a>, Mineka SM (25 June 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_aksAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA370"><i>Abnormal Psychology</i></a>. Pearson Education. p. 370. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-205-97175-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-205-97175-6"><bdi>978-0-205-97175-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Abnormal+Psychology&rft.pages=370&rft.pub=Pearson+Education&rft.date=2013-06-25&rft.isbn=978-0-205-97175-6&rft.aulast=Butcher&rft.aufirst=JN&rft.au=Hooley%2C+JM&rft.au=Mineka%2C+SM&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_aksAAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA370&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlcohol-related+crime" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Clinard_2007-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Clinard_2007_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Clinard_2007_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Clinard_2007_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Clinard_2007_7-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFClinardMeier2007" class="citation book cs1">Clinard, Marshall; Meier, Robert (14 February 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=cm5zmpcVNfQC&pg=PA273"><i>Sociology of Deviant Behavior</i></a>. Cengage Learning. p. 273. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780495093350" title="Special:BookSources/9780495093350"><bdi>9780495093350</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240905055434/https://books.google.com/books?id=cm5zmpcVNfQC&pg=PA273">Archived</a> from the original on 5 September 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 September</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sociology+of+Deviant+Behavior&rft.pages=273&rft.pub=Cengage+Learning&rft.date=2007-02-14&rft.isbn=9780495093350&rft.aulast=Clinard&rft.aufirst=Marshall&rft.au=Meier%2C+Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dcm5zmpcVNfQC%26pg%3DPA273&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlcohol-related+crime" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-McMurran_2012-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-McMurran_2012_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-McMurran_2012_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-McMurran_2012_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMcMurran2012" class="citation book cs1">McMurran, Mary (3 October 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ldQLhklj3m0C&dq=Alcohol-related%20crime&pg=PA37"><i>Alcohol-Related Violence: Prevention and Treatment</i></a>. John Wiley & Sons. p. 37. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781118411063" title="Special:BookSources/9781118411063"><bdi>9781118411063</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240905055340/https://books.google.com/books?id=ldQLhklj3m0C&dq=Alcohol-related%20crime&pg=PA37#v=onepage&q=Alcohol-related%20crime&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on 5 September 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 November</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Alcohol-Related+Violence%3A+Prevention+and+Treatment&rft.pages=37&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=2012-10-03&rft.isbn=9781118411063&rft.aulast=McMurran&rft.aufirst=Mary&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DldQLhklj3m0C%26dq%3DAlcohol-related%2520crime%26pg%3DPA37&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlcohol-related+crime" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-McMurran_2012_2-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-McMurran_2012_2_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMcMurran2012" class="citation book cs1">McMurran, Mary (3 October 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ldQLhklj3m0C&pg=PA109"><i>Alcohol-Related Violence: Prevention and Treatment</i></a>. John Wiley & Sons. pp. <span class="nowrap">337–</span>338. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781118411063" title="Special:BookSources/9781118411063"><bdi>9781118411063</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240905055339/https://books.google.com/books?id=ldQLhklj3m0C&pg=PA109#v=onepage&q&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on 5 September 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Alcohol-Related+Violence%3A+Prevention+and+Treatment&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E337-%3C%2Fspan%3E338&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=2012-10-03&rft.isbn=9781118411063&rft.aulast=McMurran&rft.aufirst=Mary&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DldQLhklj3m0C%26pg%3DPA109&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlcohol-related+crime" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140504141105/http://www.who.int/bulletin/volumes/88/9/10-010910/en/">"WHO | Governments confront drunken violence"</a>. <i>WHO</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.who.int/bulletin/volumes/88/9/10-010910/en/">the original</a> on 4 May 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Routledge. pp. <span class="nowrap">160–</span>161. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781134029709" title="Special:BookSources/9781134029709"><bdi>9781134029709</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240905055339/https://books.google.com/books?id=jWUnAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA1#v=onepage&q&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on 5 September 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/health/healthnews/5000433/Passive-drinking-is-blighting-the-nation-Sir-Liam-Donaldson-warns.html">the original</a> on 20 March 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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.navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Alcohol_and_health" title="Template:Alcohol and health"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Alcohol_and_health" title="Template talk:Alcohol and health"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Alcohol_and_health" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Alcohol and health"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Alcohol175" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_(drug)" title="Alcohol (drug)">Alcohol</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_(drug)" title="Alcohol (drug)">Alcohol</a><br /> use</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Alcohol-related<br /> crimes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Drunk_driving" title="Drunk driving">Drunk driving</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol-related_traffic_crashes_in_the_United_States" title="Alcohol-related traffic crashes in the United States">Alcohol-related traffic crashes in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drunk_driving_in_the_United_States" title="Drunk driving in the United States">Drunk driving in the United States</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moonshine" title="Moonshine">Moonshine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bathtub_gin" title="Bathtub gin">Bathtub gin</a></li></ul></li> <li>Prison alcohol <ul><li><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A1jaro_verde" title="Pájaro verde">Pájaro verde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pruno" title="Pruno">Pruno</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_intoxication" title="Public intoxication">Public intoxication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rum-running" title="Rum-running">Rum-running</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sly-grog_shop" title="Sly-grog shop">Sly-grog shop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wine_fraud" title="Wine fraud">Wine fraud</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Alcoholism" title="Alcoholism">Alcoholism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_and_Native_Americans" title="Alcohol and Native Americans">Alcohol and Native Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcoholism_in_adolescence" title="Alcoholism in adolescence">Alcoholism in adolescence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcoholism_in_family_systems" title="Alcoholism in family systems">Alcoholism in family systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcoholism_in_rural_Australia" title="Alcoholism in rural Australia">Alcoholism in rural Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collaborative_Study_on_the_Genetics_of_Alcoholism" title="Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism">Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disease_theory_of_alcoholism" title="Disease theory of alcoholism">Disease theory of alcoholism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-functioning_alcoholic" title="High-functioning alcoholic">High-functioning alcoholic</a> (HFA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seeing_pink_elephants" title="Seeing pink elephants">Seeing pink elephants</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Chemistry</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Beverage-specific <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beer_chemistry" title="Beer chemistry">Beer chemistry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wine_chemistry" title="Wine chemistry">Wine chemistry</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_psychoactive_alcohols_in_alcoholic_drinks" title="Comparison of psychoactive alcohols in alcoholic drinks">Comparison of psychoactive alcohols in alcoholic drinks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congener_(beverages)" title="Congener (beverages)">Congener</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_congener_analysis" title="Alcohol congener analysis">Alcohol congener analysis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethanol" title="Ethanol">Ethanol</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blood_alcohol_content" title="Blood alcohol content">Blood alcohol content</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fusel_alcohol" title="Fusel alcohol">Fusel alcohol</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Effects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Short-term_effects_of_alcohol_consumption" title="Short-term effects of alcohol consumption">Short-term effects of alcohol consumption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long-term_effects_of_alcohol" title="Long-term effects of alcohol">Long-term effects of alcohol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pharmacology_of_ethanol" title="Pharmacology of ethanol">Pharmacology of ethanol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subjective_response_to_alcohol" title="Subjective response to alcohol">Subjective response to alcohol</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Adverse effects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hangxiety" title="Hangxiety">Anxiety</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_alcohol_on_aging" title="Impact of alcohol on aging">Aging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long-term_impact_of_alcohol_on_the_brain" title="Long-term impact of alcohol on the brain">Brain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_and_cancer" title="Alcohol and cancer">Cancer</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_and_breast_cancer" title="Alcohol and breast cancer">breast cancer</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_and_cortisol" title="Alcohol and cortisol">Cortisol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Effects_of_alcohol_on_memory" title="Effects of alcohol on memory">Memory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_and_pregnancy" class="mw-redirect" title="Alcohol and pregnancy">Pregnancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_use_and_sleep" title="Alcohol use and sleep">Sleep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_tolerance" title="Alcohol tolerance">Tolerance</a>/<a href="/wiki/Alcohol_intolerance" title="Alcohol intolerance">intolerance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_and_weight" title="Alcohol and weight">Weight</a></li> <li>Beverage-specific <ul><li>Beer: <a href="/wiki/Potomania" title="Potomania">Potomania</a></li> <li>Wine: <a href="/wiki/Red_wine_headache" title="Red wine headache">Red wine headache</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Social_issues" class="mw-redirect" title="Social issues">Social issues</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Adulterated alcohol <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moonshine#Adulterated_moonshine" title="Moonshine">Adulterated moonshine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denatured_alcohol" title="Denatured alcohol">Denatured alcohol</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_methanol_poisoning_incidents" title="List of methanol poisoning incidents">List of methanol poisoning incidents</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surrogate_alcohol" title="Surrogate alcohol">Surrogate alcohol</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_abuse" title="Alcohol abuse">Alcohol abuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_advertising" title="Alcohol advertising">Alcohol advertising</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_advertising_on_college_campuses" title="Alcohol advertising on college campuses">on college campuses</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_and_sex" title="Alcohol and sex">Sex</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beer_goggles" title="Beer goggles">Beer goggles</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_myopia" title="Alcohol myopia">Alcohol myopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_in_association_football" title="Alcohol in association football">Alcohol in association football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_use_among_college_students" title="Alcohol use among college students">Alcohol use among college students</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Binge_drinking" title="Binge drinking">Binge drinking</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Austrian_syndrome" title="Austrian syndrome">Austrian syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_intoxication" title="Alcohol intoxication">Alcohol intoxication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epidemiology_of_binge_drinking" title="Epidemiology of binge drinking">Epidemiology of binge drinking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holiday_heart_syndrome" title="Holiday heart syndrome">Holiday heart syndrome</a></li> <li>Problematic alcoholic products <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_powder" title="Alcohol powder">Alcohol powder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcopop" title="Alcopop">Alcopop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borg_(drink)" title="Borg (drink)">Borg</a></li> <li>Low-cost alcohol <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flavored_fortified_wine" title="Flavored fortified wine">Flavored fortified wine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_(drug)#Stimulants" title="Alcohol (drug)">Polysubstance alcoholic drinks</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caffeinated_alcoholic_drink" title="Caffeinated alcoholic drink">Caffeinated alcoholic drink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coca_wine" title="Coca wine">Coca wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicotini" title="Nicotini">Nicotini</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zapoy" title="Zapoy">Zapoy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackout_(drug-related_amnesia)" title="Blackout (drug-related amnesia)">Blackout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackout_Wednesday" title="Blackout Wednesday">Blackout Wednesday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drinking_game" title="Drinking game">Drinking game</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_drinking_games" title="List of drinking games">list</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pregaming" title="Pregaming">Pregaming</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drinking_in_public" title="Drinking in public">Drinking in public</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drunk_walking" title="Drunk walking">Drunk walking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drunkorexia" title="Drunkorexia">Drunkorexia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dry_drunk" title="Dry drunk">Dry drunk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_courage" title="Dutch courage">Dutch courage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flaming_drink" title="Flaming drink">Flaming drink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hair_of_the_dog" title="Hair of the dog">Hair of the dog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurtful_communication#Alcohol" title="Hurtful communication">Hurtful communication</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Drunk_dialing" title="Drunk dialing">Drunk dialing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/In_vino_veritas" title="In vino veritas"><i>In vino veritas</i></a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nightcap_(drink)" title="Nightcap (drink)">Nightcap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pantsdrunk" title="Pantsdrunk">Pantsdrunk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passive_drinking" title="Passive drinking">Passive drinking</a></li> <li>Binge drinking devices <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beer_bong" title="Beer bong">Beer bong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yard_of_ale" title="Yard of ale">Yard of ale</a></li></ul></li> <li>Routes of administration <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_enema" title="Alcohol enema">Alcohol enema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_inhalation" title="Alcohol inhalation">Alcohol inhalation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vodka_eyeballing" title="Vodka eyeballing">Vodka eyeballing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sconcing" title="Sconcing">Sconcing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Johnson_alcoholism_debate" title="Andrew Johnson alcoholism debate">Andrew Johnson alcoholism debate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dionysian_Mysteries" title="Dionysian Mysteries">Dionysian Mysteries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dipsomania" title="Dipsomania">Dipsomania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Paul_Jordan" title="Gilbert Paul Jordan">Gilbert Paul Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gin_Craze" title="Gin Craze">Gin Craze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_deaths_through_alcohol" title="List of deaths through alcohol">List of deaths through alcohol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rum_ration" title="Rum ration">Rum ration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rum_Rebellion" title="Rum Rebellion">Rum Rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shebeen" title="Shebeen">Shebeen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Six_o%27clock_swill" title="Six o'clock swill">Six o'clock swill</a></li> <li>Illegal drinking establishments <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nip_joint" title="Nip joint">Nip joint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speakeasy" title="Speakeasy">Speakeasy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whiskey_Rebellion" title="Whiskey Rebellion">Whiskey Rebellion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alcoholic_beverage" title="Alcoholic beverage">Alcoholic beverage</a></li> <li>Beer <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beer_mile" title="Beer mile">Beer mile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Beer_Day" title="International Beer Day">International Beer Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Women%27s_Collaboration_Brew_Day" title="International Women's Collaboration Brew Day">International Women's Collaboration Brew Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_brewing" title="Women in brewing">Women in brewing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drinking_culture" title="Drinking culture">Drinking culture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ap%C3%A9ritif_and_digestif" title="Apéritif and digestif">Apéritif and digestif</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hangover_remedies" title="Hangover remedies">Hangover remedies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_effects_of_wine" title="Health effects of wine">Health effects of wine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wine_and_food_pairing" title="Wine and food pairing">Wine and food pairing</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drunken_monkey_hypothesis" title="Drunken monkey hypothesis">Drunken monkey hypothesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ladies%27_night" title="Ladies' night">Ladies' night</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_alcohol_consumption_per_capita" title="List of countries by alcohol consumption per capita">List of countries by alcohol consumption per capita</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_consumption_by_youth_in_the_United_States" title="Alcohol consumption by youth in the United States">Alcohol consumption by youth in the United States</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_substances_used_in_rituals#Alcohol" title="List of substances used in rituals">Ritual use of alcohol</a></li> <li>Whiskey <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_whisk(e)y_day" title="International whisk(e)y day">International whisk(e)y day</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Alcohol <br />control</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_law" title="Alcohol law">Alcohol law</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_License_Suspension" title="Administrative License Suspension">Administrative License Suspension</a> (ALS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_(Minimum_Pricing)_(Scotland)_Act_2012" title="Alcohol (Minimum Pricing) (Scotland) Act 2012">Alcohol (Minimum Pricing) (Scotland) Act 2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_exclusion_laws" title="Alcohol exclusion laws">Alcohol exclusion laws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_monopoly" title="Alcohol monopoly">Alcohol monopoly</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alcoholic_beverage_control_state" title="Alcoholic beverage control state">Alcoholic beverage control state</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_packaging_warning_messages" title="Alcohol packaging warning messages">Alcohol packaging warning messages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ban_on_caffeinated_alcoholic_drinks_in_the_United_States" title="Ban on caffeinated alcoholic drinks in the United States">Ban on caffeinated alcoholic drinks in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drunk_driving_law_by_country" title="Drunk driving law by country">Drunk driving law by country</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DWI_court" title="DWI court">DWI court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Field_sobriety_testing" title="Field sobriety testing">Field sobriety testing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hip_flask_defence" title="Hip flask defence">Hip flask defence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ignition_interlock_device" title="Ignition interlock device">Ignition interlock device</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dry_county" title="Dry county">Dry county</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_dry_communities_by_U.S._state" title="List of dry communities by U.S. state">List of dry communities by U.S. state</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Last_call" title="Last call">Last call</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_drinking_age" title="Legal drinking age">Legal drinking age</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Legal_drinking_age_in_the_United_States" title="Legal drinking age in the United States">Legal drinking age in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoulder_tap_(alcohol)" title="Shoulder tap (alcohol)">Shoulder tap</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_alcohol_laws_of_the_United_States" title="List of alcohol laws of the United States">List of alcohol laws of US</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Prohibition" title="Prohibition">Alcohol prohibition</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_with_alcohol_prohibition" title="List of countries with alcohol prohibition">List of countries with alcohol prohibition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-prohibitionism" title="Neo-prohibitionism">Neo-prohibitionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temperance_movement" title="Temperance movement">Temperance movement</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sobriety" title="Sobriety">Sobriety</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_detoxification" title="Alcohol detoxification">Alcohol detoxification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol-free_zone" title="Alcohol-free zone">Alcohol-free zone</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dry_campus" title="Dry campus">Dry campus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open-container_law" title="Open-container law">Open-container law</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brief_intervention" title="Brief intervention">Brief intervention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Designated_driver" title="Designated driver">Designated driver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drug_rehabilitation" title="Drug rehabilitation">Alcohol rehabilitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drunk_tank" title="Drunk tank">Drunk tank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Managed_alcohol_program" title="Managed alcohol program">Managed alcohol program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-alcoholic_drink" title="Non-alcoholic drink">Non-alcoholic drink</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_non-alcoholic_cocktails" class="mw-redirect" title="List of non-alcoholic cocktails">List of cocktails</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_non-alcoholic_mixed_drinks" title="List of non-alcoholic mixed drinks">List of mixed drinks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spritzer#Non-alcoholic_spritzer" title="Spritzer">Spritzer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malt_drink#Non-alcoholic_malt_drinks" title="Malt drink">Malt drinks</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teetotalism" title="Teetotalism">Teetotalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temperance_bar" title="Temperance bar">Temperance bar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temperance_and_Good_Citizenship_Day" title="Temperance and Good Citizenship Day">Temperance and Good Citizenship Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_twelve-step_groups" title="List of twelve-step groups">Twelve-step groups</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Anon/Alateen" title="Al-Anon/Alateen">Al-Anon/Alateen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcoholics_Anonymous" title="Alcoholics Anonymous">Alcoholics Anonymous</a> (AA):</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adult_Children_of_Alcoholics" class="mw-redirect" title="Adult Children of Alcoholics">Adult Children of Alcoholics</a> (ACA)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sober_companion" title="Sober companion">Sober companion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sober_curious" title="Sober curious">Sober curious</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sober_living_house" title="Sober living house">Sober living house</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sobering_center" title="Sobering center">Sobering center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sobrietol" title="Sobrietol">Sobrietol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quit_lit_(alcohol_cessation)" title="Quit lit (alcohol cessation)">Quit lit</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Alcohol limitation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/0-0-1-3" title="0-0-1-3">0-0-1-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_consumption_recommendations" title="Alcohol consumption recommendations">Alcohol consumption recommendations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_education" title="Alcohol education">Alcohol education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_server_training" title="Alcohol server training">Alcohol server training</a></li> <li>Monitoring <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Breathalyzer" title="Breathalyzer">Breathalyzer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_tagging#Sweat_alcohol_content_monitor" title="Electronic tagging">Sweat alcohol content monitor</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brief_intervention#FRAMES" title="Brief intervention">FRAMES</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foundation_for_Advancing_Alcohol_Responsibility" title="Foundation for Advancing Alcohol Responsibility">Foundation for Advancing Alcohol Responsibility</a></li> <li>Campaigns <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dry_January" title="Dry January">Dry January</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dry_July" title="Dry July">Dry July</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Get_Your_Sexy_Back" title="Get Your Sexy Back">Get Your Sexy Back</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ocsober" title="Ocsober">Ocsober</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liquor_license" title="Liquor license">Liquor license</a></li> <li>Low-alcohol drinks <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fermented_tea" title="Fermented tea">Fermented tea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Low-alcohol_beer" title="Low-alcohol beer">Low-alcohol beer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malt_drink#Low-alcoholic_malt_drinks" title="Malt drink">Low-alcoholic malt drinks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Small_beer" title="Small beer">Small beer</a></li></ul></li> <li>Measurement <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alcoholic_spirits_measure" title="Alcoholic spirits measure">Alcoholic spirits measure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standard_drink" title="Standard drink">Standard drink</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Addiction_medicine" title="Addiction medicine">Addiction medicine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Benzodiazepine" title="Benzodiazepine">Benzodiazepines</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chlordiazepoxide" title="Chlordiazepoxide">Chlordiazepoxide</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disulfiram-like_drug" title="Disulfiram-like drug">Disulfiram-like drugs</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Disulfiram" title="Disulfiram">Disulfiram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calcium_carbimide" title="Calcium carbimide">Calcium carbimide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyanamide" title="Cyanamide">Cyanamide</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_anaesthetic" title="General anaesthetic">General anaesthetics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nitrous_oxide_(medication)" title="Nitrous oxide (medication)">Nitrous oxide</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulfonic_acid" title="Sulfonic acid">Sulfonic acids</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acamprosate" title="Acamprosate">Acamprosate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homotaurine" title="Homotaurine">Homotaurine</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Religion_and_alcohol" title="Religion and alcohol">Religion and alcohol</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_views_on_alcohol" title="Christian views on alcohol">Christian views on alcohol</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_in_the_Bible" title="Alcohol in the Bible">Alcohol in the Bible</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khamr" title="Khamr">Islam and alcohol</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beer_Street_and_Gin_Lane" title="Beer Street and Gin Lane"><i>Beer Street</i> and <i>Gin Lane</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bratt_System" title="Bratt System">Bratt System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dry_state" title="Dry state">Dry state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gin_Act_1751" title="Gin Act 1751">Gin Act 1751</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medicinal_Liquor_Prescriptions_Act_of_1933" title="Medicinal Liquor Prescriptions Act of 1933">Medicinal Liquor Prescriptions Act of 1933</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_alcohol-related_articles" title="Index of alcohol-related articles">Index of alcohol-related articles</a></li> 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