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class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Origin_and_domestication" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Origin_and_domestication"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Origin and domestication</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Origin_and_domestication-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Breeds" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Breeds"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Breeds</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Breeds-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Behavior" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Behavior"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Behavior</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Behavior-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Behavior subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Behavior-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Training" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Training"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Training</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Training-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Spitting" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Spitting"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Spitting</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Spitting-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hygiene" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hygiene"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Hygiene</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hygiene-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sounds" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sounds"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Sounds</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sounds-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reproduction" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reproduction"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Reproduction</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reproduction-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pests_and_diseases" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pests_and_diseases"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Pests and diseases</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pests_and_diseases-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Habitat_and_lifestyle" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Habitat_and_lifestyle"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Habitat and lifestyle</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Habitat_and_lifestyle-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Population" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Population"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Population</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Population-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Diet" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Diet"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Diet</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Diet-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Diet subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Diet-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Digestion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Digestion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Digestion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Digestion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Poisonous_plants" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Poisonous_plants"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Poisonous plants</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Poisonous_plants-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fiber" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fiber"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Fiber</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fiber-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Prices" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prices"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Prices</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prices-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Livestock" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Livestock"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Livestock</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Livestock-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cultural_presence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cultural_presence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Cultural presence</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cultural_presence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Alpaca</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 96 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-96" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">96 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%83%D8%A9" title="ألبكة – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ألبكة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lama_pacos" title="Lama pacos – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Lama pacos" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vicugna_pacos" title="Vicugna pacos – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Vicugna pacos" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allpaqa" title="Allpaqa – Aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Allpaqa" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="Aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpaka" title="Alpaka – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Alpaka" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%BE%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%A7" title="آلپاکا – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="آلپاکا" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE" title="আলপাকা – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="আলপাকা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpaca" title="Alpaca – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Alpaca" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Альпака – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Альпака" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Альпака – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Альпака" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0_(%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE)" title="Алпака (животно) – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Алпака (животно)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpaka" title="Alpaka – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Alpaka" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpaca" title="Alpaca – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Alpaca" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vicugna_pacos" title="Vicugna pacos – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Vicugna pacos" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lama_alpaka" title="Lama alpaka – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Lama alpaka" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpaca" title="Alpaca – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Alpaca" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpaka" title="Alpaka – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Alpaka" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpaka" title="Alpaka – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Alpaka" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sh%C3%A1di%CA%BC%C3%A1%C3%A1hd%C4%99%CC%81%C4%99%CC%81%CA%BC_t%C5%82%CA%BC%C3%ADz%C3%AD%CA%BCil%C3%AD" title="Shádiʼááhdę́ę́ʼ tłʼízíʼilí – Navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Shádiʼááhdę́ę́ʼ tłʼízíʼilí" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="Navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpaka" title="Alpaka – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Alpaka" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CE%BB%CF%80%CE%AC%CE%BA%CE%B1" title="Αλπάκα – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αλπάκα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vicugna_pacos" title="Vicugna pacos – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Vicugna pacos" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpako" title="Alpako – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Alpako" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpaka" title="Alpaka – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Alpaka" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%BE%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%A7" title="آلپاکا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آلپاکا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpaga" title="Alpaga – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Alpaga" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpaca" title="Alpaca – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Alpaca" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpaca" title="Alpaca – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Alpaca" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpaca" title="Alpaca – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Alpaca" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpaca" title="Alpaca – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Alpaca" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%8C%ED%8C%8C%EC%B9%B4" title="알파카 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="알파카" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%AC%D5%BA%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1" title="Ալպակա – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ալպակա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpaka" title="Alpaka – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Alpaka" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpako" title="Alpako – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Alpako" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpaka" title="Alpaka – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Alpaka" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpaca" title="Alpaca – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Alpaca" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpakka" title="Alpakka – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Alpakka" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vicugna_pacos" title="Vicugna pacos – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Vicugna pacos" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%A4%D7%A7%D7%94" title="אלפקה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אלפקה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpaka" title="Alpaka – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Alpaka" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%85%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AA%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%95" title="ಅಲ್ಪಾಕ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಅಲ್ಪಾಕ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9E%E1%83%90%E1%83%99%E1%83%90" title="ალპაკა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ალპაკა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Альпака – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Альпака" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpaka" title="Alpaka – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Alpaka" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winjol_(Vicugna_pacos)" title="Winjol (Vicugna pacos) – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Winjol (Vicugna pacos)" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Альпака – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Альпака" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%B9%E0%BA%94%E0%BB%81%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%B0" title="ອູດແກະ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ອູດແກະ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpaka" title="Alpaka – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Alpaka" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpaka" title="Alpaka – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Alpaka" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpaka" title="Alpaka – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Alpaka" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Алпака – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Алпака" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%85%E0%B5%BD%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%95" title="അൽപക – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="അൽപക" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE" title="अल्पाका – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="अल्पाका" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%83%D9%87" title="البكه – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="البكه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%BE%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%A7" title="آلپاکا – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="آلپاکا" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpaka" title="Alpaka – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Alpaka" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%C3%B2ng-d%C3%B2%CC%A4" title="Iòng-dò̤ – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Iòng-dò̤" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%9A%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9C%E1%80%BA%E1%80%95%E1%80%AB%E1%80%80%E1%80%AC%E1%80%80%E1%80%AF%E1%80%9C%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8%E1%80%A1%E1%80%AF%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA" title="အယ်လ်ပါကာကုလားအုတ် – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အယ်လ်ပါကာကုလားအုတ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpaca_(dier)" title="Alpaca (dier) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Alpaca (dier)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%AB%E3%83%91%E3%82%AB" title="アルパカ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アルパカ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpaka" title="Alpaka – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Alpaka" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpakka" title="Alpakka – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Alpakka" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpakka" title="Alpakka – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Alpakka" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpaca" title="Alpaca – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Alpaca" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Альпака – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Альпака" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%BE%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%A7" title="الپاکا – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="الپاکا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9B%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B6" title="អាល់ប៉ាកា – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="អាល់ប៉ាកា" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpaka_(zwierz%C4%99)" title="Alpaka (zwierzę) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Alpaka (zwierzę)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpaca" title="Alpaca – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Alpaca" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpaca" title="Alpaca – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Alpaca" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paqucha" title="Paqucha – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Paqucha" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Альпака – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Альпака" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpaca" title="Alpaca – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Alpaca" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpaka_(Kam%C3%A4il)" title="Alpaka (Kamäil) – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Alpaka (Kamäil)" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpaka" title="Alpaka – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Alpaka" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpaca" title="Alpaca – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Alpaca" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%BE%D8%A7%DA%AA%D9%8A" title="الپاڪي – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="الپاڪي" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lama_alpaka" title="Lama alpaka – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Lama alpaka" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpaka_(kamela)" title="Alpaka (kamela) – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Alpaka (kamela)" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Алпака – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Алпака" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpaka" title="Alpaka – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Alpaka" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpakka" title="Alpakka – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Alpakka" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpacka" title="Alpacka – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Alpacka" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE" title="அற்பாக்கா – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="அற்பாக்கா" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpaka" title="Alpaka – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Alpaka" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2" title="อัลปากา – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="อัลปากา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpaka" title="Alpaka – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Alpaka" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Альпака – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Альпака" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Альпака – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Альпака" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%E1%BA%A1c_%C4%91%C3%A0_Alpaca" title="Lạc đà Alpaca – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Lạc đà Alpaca" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpaca" title="Alpaca – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Alpaca" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lama_pacos" title="Lama pacos – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Lama pacos" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BE%8A%E9%A9%BC" title="羊驼 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="羊驼" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BE%8A%E9%A7%9D" title="羊駝 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="羊駝" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpaka" title="Alpaka – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Alpaka" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BE%8A%E9%A9%BC" title="羊驼 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="羊驼" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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width: 200px; font-size: 100%"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)">Alpaca </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Alpaca_(31562329701).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Alpaca_%2831562329701%29.jpg/220px-Alpaca_%2831562329701%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="244" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Alpaca_%2831562329701%29.jpg/330px-Alpaca_%2831562329701%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Alpaca_%2831562329701%29.jpg/440px-Alpaca_%2831562329701%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2445" data-file-height="2713" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"> <th colspan="2"><div style="text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/Conservation_status" title="Conservation status">Conservation status</a></div> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><div style="text-align: center">Domesticated <small></small></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; min-width:15em; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"><a href="/wiki/Taxonomy_(biology)" title="Taxonomy (biology)">Scientific classification</a> <span class="plainlinks taxobox-edit-taxonomy skin-invert" style="font-size:smaller; float:right; padding-right:0.4em; margin-left:-3em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Template:Taxonomy/Lama" title="Edit this classification"><img alt="Edit this classification" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/23px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/30px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Domain: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Eukaryote" title="Eukaryote">Eukaryota</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Kingdom: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Animal" title="Animal">Animalia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Phylum: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chordate" title="Chordate">Chordata</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Class: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mammal" title="Mammal">Mammalia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Order: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Artiodactyl" title="Artiodactyl">Artiodactyla</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Family: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Camelidae" title="Camelidae">Camelidae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Genus: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lama_(genus)" title="Lama (genus)"><i>Lama</i></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Species: </td> <td><div style="display:inline" class="species"><i><b>L. pacos</b></i></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"><a href="/wiki/Binomial_nomenclature" title="Binomial nomenclature">Binomial name</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><b><span class="binomial"><span style="font-weight:normal;"></span><i>Lama pacos</i></span></b><br /><div style="font-size: 85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Carl_Linnaeus" title="Carl Linnaeus">Linnaeus</a>, <a href="/wiki/10th_edition_of_Systema_Naturae" title="10th edition of Systema Naturae">1758</a>)</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Leefgebied_alpaca.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="World map showing highlighted range covering portions of Peru and Bolivia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Leefgebied_alpaca.JPG/220px-Leefgebied_alpaca.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="106" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Leefgebied_alpaca.JPG/330px-Leefgebied_alpaca.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c1/Leefgebied_alpaca.JPG 2x" data-file-width="347" data-file-height="167" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 88%">Alpaca range </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"><a href="/wiki/Synonym_(taxonomy)" title="Synonym (taxonomy)">Synonyms</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: left"> <p><i>Camelus pacos</i> <span style="font-size:85%;">Linnaeus, 1758</span><br /> <i>Vicugna pacos</i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Linnaeus, 1758)</span> </p> </td></tr> </tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238732961">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:transparent}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:white}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.biota .taxobox-edit-taxonomy img{background:transparent!important}body.skin-vector .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox{margin-top:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox tr.taxonrow td{padding:2px 10px}</style> <p>The <b>alpaca</b> (<i><b>Lama pacos</b></i>) is a species of South American <a href="/wiki/Camelid" class="mw-redirect" title="Camelid">camelid</a> mammal. Traditionally, alpacas are kept in herds that graze on the level heights of the <a href="/wiki/Andes" title="Andes">Andes</a> of Southern <a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a>, Western <a href="/wiki/Bolivia" title="Bolivia">Bolivia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ecuador" title="Ecuador">Ecuador</a>, and Northern <a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a>. Today, alpacas may be found on farms and ranches worldwide, with thousands of animals born and raised annually. Alpacas are especially popular in North America, Europe, and Australia. </p><p>There are two modern breeds of alpaca, separated based on their respective region of <a href="/wiki/Endemism" title="Endemism">endemism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Alpaca_fiber" title="Alpaca fiber">fiber</a> (wool) type: the <a href="/wiki/Suri_alpaca" title="Suri alpaca">Suri alpaca</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Huacaya_alpaca" title="Huacaya alpaca">Huacaya alpaca</a>. Both breeds produce a highly valued fiber, with Suri alpaca's fiber growing in straight "locks," while Huacaya fiber has a "crimped," wavy texture and grows in bundles. These breeds' fibers are used for making knitted and woven items, similar to sheep's wool. </p><p>Alpacas are visually and genetically similar to, and often confused with a relative species, <a href="/wiki/Llama" title="Llama">the llamas</a>; however, alpacas are visibly shorter and predominantly bred for their wool, while llamas have long been more highly prized as <a href="/wiki/Livestock_guardian_dog" title="Livestock guardian dog">livestock guardians</a> (in place of dogs), and as a <a href="/wiki/Pack_animal" title="Pack animal">pack animal</a> (<a href="/wiki/Working_animal" title="Working animal">beast-of-burden</a>), owing to their nimble mountain-climbing abilities. Nonetheless, all four South American camelids are closely related and can successfully <a href="/wiki/Crossbreed" title="Crossbreed">crossbreed</a>. Both the alpaca and the llama are believed to have been domesticated and selectively bred from their wild counterparts — the smaller, fine-haired <a href="/wiki/Vicu%C3%B1a" title="Vicuña">vicuña</a> and the larger, stronger <a href="/wiki/Guanaco" title="Guanaco">guanaco</a>, respectively — at least 5,000 to 6,000 years ago. </p><p>Alpacas communicate through body language, spitting to show <a href="/wiki/Dominance_hierarchy" title="Dominance hierarchy">dominance</a> when distressed, fearful, or agitated. Male alpacas are more aggressive than females. In some cases, alpha males will immobilize the head and neck of a weaker or challenging male to show their strength and dominance. </p><p>In the textile industry, "alpaca" primarily refers to the hair of Peruvian alpacas. Still, more broadly, it refers to a style of fabric originally made from alpaca hair, such as mohair, <a href="/wiki/Icelandic_sheep" title="Icelandic sheep">Icelandic sheep</a> wool, or even high-quality wool from other breeds of sheep. In trade, distinctions are made between alpacas and the several styles of mohair and luster.<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lama_guanicoe_in_Parque_Nacional_Torres_del_Paine_in_Patagonia,_Chile.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Lama_guanicoe_in_Parque_Nacional_Torres_del_Paine_in_Patagonia%2C_Chile.jpg/260px-Lama_guanicoe_in_Parque_Nacional_Torres_del_Paine_in_Patagonia%2C_Chile.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Lama_guanicoe_in_Parque_Nacional_Torres_del_Paine_in_Patagonia%2C_Chile.jpg/390px-Lama_guanicoe_in_Parque_Nacional_Torres_del_Paine_in_Patagonia%2C_Chile.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Lama_guanicoe_in_Parque_Nacional_Torres_del_Paine_in_Patagonia%2C_Chile.jpg/520px-Lama_guanicoe_in_Parque_Nacional_Torres_del_Paine_in_Patagonia%2C_Chile.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="512" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Guanacos" class="mw-redirect" title="Guanacos">Guanacos</a> (wild parent species of llamas) near <a href="/wiki/Torres_del_Paine" class="mw-redirect" title="Torres del Paine">Torres del Paine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The relationship between alpacas and vicuñas was disputed for many years. In the 18th and 19th centuries, the four South American <a href="/wiki/Lamoid" class="mw-redirect" title="Lamoid">lamoid</a> species were assigned scientific names. At that time, the alpaca was assumed to be descended from the <a href="/wiki/Llama" title="Llama">llama</a>, ignoring similarities in size, fleece, and dentition between the alpaca and the <a href="/wiki/Vicugna_vicugna" class="mw-redirect" title="Vicugna vicugna">vicuña</a>. Classification was complicated by the fact that all four species of South American camelid can interbreed and produce fertile offspring.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The advent of <a href="/wiki/DNA" title="DNA">DNA</a> technology made a more accurate classification possible. </p><p>In 2001, the alpaca genus classification changed from <i>Lama pacos</i> to <i>Vicugna pacos</i>, following the presentation of a paper<sup id="cite_ref-Kadwell_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kadwell-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> on work by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Miranda_Kadwell&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Miranda Kadwell (page does not exist)">Miranda Kadwell</a> <i>et<span class="nowrap"> </span>al.</i> on alpaca DNA to the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Society" title="Royal Society">Royal Society</a> showing the alpaca is descended from the vicuña, not the <a href="/wiki/Guanaco" title="Guanaco">guanaco</a>. </p><p>An adult alpaca generally is between 81 and 99 centimetres (32 and 39 inches) in height at the shoulders (<a href="/wiki/Withers" title="Withers">withers</a>). They usually weigh between 48 and 90 kilograms (106 and 198 pounds).<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Raised in the same conditions, the difference in weight can be small with males weighing around 22.3 kilograms (49 lb 3 oz) and females 21.3 kilograms (46 lb 15 oz).<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Origin_and_domestication">Origin and domestication</h3></div> <p>Alpacas were domesticated thousands of years ago. The <a href="/wiki/Moche_(culture)" class="mw-redirect" title="Moche (culture)">Moche</a> people of Northern Peru often used alpaca images in their art.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Traditionally, alpaca were bred and raised in herds, grazing on the level meadows and escarpments of the <a href="/wiki/Andes" title="Andes">Andes</a>, from <a href="/wiki/Ecuador" title="Ecuador">Ecuador</a> and <a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a> to Western <a href="/wiki/Bolivia" title="Bolivia">Bolivia</a> and Northern <a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a>, typically at an altitude of 3,500 to 5,000 metres (11,000 to 16,000 feet) above sea level.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are no known wild alpacas, and its closest living relative, the vicuña (also native to <a href="/wiki/South_America" title="South America">South America</a>), is the wild ancestor of the alpaca. </p><p>The family <a href="/wiki/Camelid" class="mw-redirect" title="Camelid">Camelid</a> first appeared in the Americas 40–45 million years ago, during the Eocene period, from the common ancestor, <i><a href="/wiki/Protylopus" title="Protylopus">Protylopus</a></i>. The descendants divided into Camelini and Lamini tribes, taking different migratory patterns to Asia and South America, respectively. Although the camelids became extinct in North America around 3 million years ago, they flourished in the South.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was not until 2–5 million years ago, during the Pliocene, that the genus <a href="/wiki/Hemiauchenia" title="Hemiauchenia">Hemiauchenia</a> of the tribe <a href="/wiki/Lamini" title="Lamini">Lamini</a> split into <i><a href="/wiki/Palaeolama" title="Palaeolama">Palaeolama</a></i> and <i>Lama</i>; the latter would then split again into <i>Lama</i> and <i>Vicugna</i> upon migrating down to South America. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Alpaca_y_la_isla_Challeca.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Alpaca_y_la_isla_Challeca.jpg/220px-Alpaca_y_la_isla_Challeca.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Alpaca_y_la_isla_Challeca.jpg/330px-Alpaca_y_la_isla_Challeca.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Alpaca_y_la_isla_Challeca.jpg/440px-Alpaca_y_la_isla_Challeca.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption>A domesticated alpaca near the shore of <a href="/wiki/Lake_Titicaca" title="Lake Titicaca">Lake Titicaca</a> on the Bolivian side</figcaption></figure> <p>Remains of <a href="/wiki/Vicu%C3%B1a" title="Vicuña">vicuña</a> and <a href="/wiki/Guanaco" title="Guanaco">guanaco</a> dating around 12,000 years have been found throughout Peru. Their domesticated counterparts, the <a href="/wiki/Llama" title="Llama">llama</a> and alpaca, have been found mummified in the Moquegua valley, in the South of Peru, dating back 900 to 1000 years. Mummies found in this region show two breeds of alpacas. More precise analysis of bone and teeth of these mummies has demonstrated that alpacas were domesticated from the <i>Vicugna vicugna</i>. Other research, considering the behavioral and morphological characteristics of alpacas and their wild counterparts, seems to indicate that alpacas could find their origins in <i>Lama guanicoe</i> as well as <i>Vicugna vicugna</i>, or even a hybrid of both. </p><p>Genetic analysis shows a different picture of the origins of the alpaca. Analysis of <a href="/wiki/Mitochondrial_DNA" title="Mitochondrial DNA">mitochondrial DNA</a> shows that most alpacas have guanaco mtDNA, and many also have vicuña mtDNA. But <a href="/wiki/Microsatellite" title="Microsatellite">microsatellite</a> data shows that alpaca DNA is much more similar to vicuña DNA than to guanaco DNA. This suggests that alpacas are descendants of the <i>Vicugna vicugna</i>, not of the <i>Lama guanicoe</i>. The discrepancy with mtDNA seems to be because mtDNA is only transmitted by the mother, and recent husbandry practices have caused hybridization between llamas (which primarily carry guanaco DNA) and alpacas. To the extent that many domestic alpacas are the result of male alpacas bred to female llamas, this would explain the mtDNA consistent with guanacos. This situation has led to attempts to reclassify the alpaca as <i>Vicugna pacos</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Kadwell_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kadwell-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Breeds">Breeds</h2></div> <p>The alpaca is divided into two breeds, Suri and Huacaya, based on its fibers rather than scientific or European classifications. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Alpaca_skeleton.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Alpaca_skeleton.jpg/220px-Alpaca_skeleton.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Alpaca_skeleton.jpg/330px-Alpaca_skeleton.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Alpaca_skeleton.jpg/440px-Alpaca_skeleton.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>Alpaca skeleton, with alpaca and guanaco skull above (<a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Osteology" title="Museum of Osteology">Museum of Osteology</a>)</figcaption></figure> <p>Huacaya alpacas are the most commonly found, constituting about 90% of the population.<sup id="cite_ref-Wheeler2012_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wheeler2012-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Huacaya alpaca is thought to have originated in post-colonial Peru because of its thicker fleece which makes them more suited to survive in the higher altitudes of the Andes after being pushed into the highlands of Peru with the arrival of the Spanish.<sup id="cite_ref-Merrell2017_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Merrell2017-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint noexcerpt Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS"><span title=" (January 2018)">better source needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Suri alpacas represent a smaller portion of the total alpaca population, around 10%.<sup id="cite_ref-Wheeler2012_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wheeler2012-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They are thought to have been more prevalent in pre-Columbian Peru since they could be kept at a lower altitude where a thicker fleece was not needed for harsh weather conditions.<sup id="cite_ref-Merrell2017_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Merrell2017-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint noexcerpt Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS"><span title=" (January 2018)">better source needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Behavior">Behavior</h2></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Corazon_Full.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Corazon_Full.jpg/250px-Corazon_Full.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="179" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Corazon_Full.jpg/375px-Corazon_Full.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Corazon_Full.jpg/500px-Corazon_Full.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2798" data-file-height="1998" /></a><figcaption>Alpaca near a farm</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Alpaca_headshot.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Alpaca_headshot.jpg/260px-Alpaca_headshot.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="260" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Alpaca_headshot.jpg/390px-Alpaca_headshot.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Alpaca_headshot.jpg/520px-Alpaca_headshot.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1995" data-file-height="1995" /></a><figcaption>Closeup of an alpaca's face</figcaption></figure> <p>Alpacas are social herd animals that live in family groups, consisting of a territorial <a href="/wiki/Alpha_male" class="mw-redirect" title="Alpha male">alpha male</a>, females, and their young ones. Alpacas warn the herd about intruders by making sharp, noisy inhalations that sound like a high-pitched bray. The herd may attack smaller predators with their front feet and can spit and kick. Their aggression towards members of the <a href="/wiki/Canidae" title="Canidae">canid family</a> (<a href="/wiki/Coyote" title="Coyote">coyotes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fox" title="Fox">foxes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dog" title="Dog">dogs</a>, etc.) is exploited when alpacas are used as <a href="/wiki/Guard_llama" title="Guard llama">guard llamas</a> for guarding sheep.<sup id="cite_ref-iastate_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iastate-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Alpacas can sometimes be aggressive, but they can also be very gentle, intelligent, and extremely observant. For the most part, alpacas are very quiet, but male alpacas are more energetic when they get involved in fighting with other alpacas.<sup id="cite_ref-camelidynamics.com_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-camelidynamics.com-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When they prey, they are cautious and nervous when they feel threatened. They can feel threatened when someone or another alpaca comes up behind them.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint noexcerpt Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS"><span title=" (January 2018)">better source needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Alpacas set their boundaries of "personal space" within their families and groups.<sup id="cite_ref-alpacaconsultingusa.com_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-alpacaconsultingusa.com-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They make a <a href="/wiki/Hierarchy" title="Hierarchy">hierarchy</a> in some sense, and each alpaca is aware of the dominant animals in each group.<sup id="cite_ref-camelidynamics.com_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-camelidynamics.com-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Body language is the key to their communication. It helps to maintain their order. One example of their body communication includes a pose named broadside, where their ears are pulled back and they stand sideways. This pose is used when male alpacas are defending their territory.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They commonly spit to show <a href="/wiki/Dominance_hierarchy" title="Dominance hierarchy">dominance</a><sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> when they are in distress, fearful, or feel agitated. Male alpacas are more aggressive than females and tend to establish dominance within their herd group. In some cases, alpha males will immobilize the head and neck of a weaker or challenging male to show their strength and dominance. </p><p>When they are young, alpacas tend to follow larger objects and sit near or under them. An example of this is a baby alpaca with its mother. This can also apply when an alpaca passes by an older alpaca.<sup id="cite_ref-alpacaconsultingusa.com_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-alpacaconsultingusa.com-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Training">Training</h3></div> <p>Alpacas are generally very trainable and usually respond to rewards, most commonly food. They can usually be petted without getting agitated, especially if one avoids petting the head or neck. Alpacas are usually quite easy to herd, even in large groups. However, during herding, it is recommended for the handler to approach the animals slowly and quietly, as failing to do so can result in danger for both the animals and the handler.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Alpacas and <a href="/wiki/Llama" title="Llama">llamas</a> have started showing up in U.S. nursing homes and hospitals as trained, certified therapy animals. The <a href="/wiki/Mayo_Clinic" title="Mayo Clinic">Mayo Clinic</a> says <a href="/wiki/Animal-assisted_therapy" title="Animal-assisted therapy">animal-assisted therapy</a> can reduce pain, depression, anxiety, and fatigue. This type of animal therapy is growing in popularity, and several organizations throughout the United States participate.<sup id="cite_ref-CNN_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CNN-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Spitting">Spitting</h3></div> <p>Not all alpacas spit, but all are capable of doing so. "Spit" is somewhat <a href="/wiki/Euphemism" title="Euphemism">euphemistic</a>; occasionally, the projectile contains only air and a little saliva, although alpacas commonly bring up acidic stomach contents (generally a green, grassy mix) and project it onto their chosen targets. Spitting is mostly reserved for other alpacas, but an alpaca will also occasionally spit at a human. </p><p>Spitting can result in what is called a "sour mouth." A sour mouth is characterized by "a loose-hanging lower lip and a gaping mouth."<sup id="cite_ref-landmeterskopfarm_2015_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-landmeterskopfarm_2015-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Alpacas can spit for several reasons. A female alpaca spits when she is not interested in a male alpaca, typically when she thinks that she is already impregnated. Both sexes of alpaca keep each other away from their food or anything they have their eyes on. Most give a slight warning before spitting by blowing air out and raising their heads, giving their ears a "pinned" appearance.<sup id="cite_ref-alpacaconsultingusa.com_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-alpacaconsultingusa.com-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Alpacas can spit up to ten feet if they need to. For example, if another animal does not back off, the alpaca will throw up its stomach contents, resulting in a lot of spit.<sup id="cite_ref-petpartners.org_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-petpartners.org-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some signs of stress that can lead to their spitting habits include humming, a wrinkle under their eye, drooling, rapid breathing, and stomping their feet. When alpacas show any sign of interest or alertness, they tend to sniff their surroundings, watch closely, or stand quietly in place and stare.<sup id="cite_ref-petpartners.org_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-petpartners.org-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When it comes to reproduction, they spit because it is a response triggered by the increased progesterone levels, which is associated with ovulation.<sup id="cite_ref-aaanswalpaca.com.au_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aaanswalpaca.com.au-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hygiene">Hygiene</h3></div> <p>Alpacas use a <a href="/wiki/Communal_dung_pile" class="mw-redirect" title="Communal dung pile">communal dung pile</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> where they do not graze. This behavior may limit the spread of internal parasites. Generally, males have much tidier and fewer dung piles than females, which tend to stand in a line and all go simultaneously. One female approaches the dung pile and begins to urinate and/or defecate, and the rest of the herd often follows. Alpaca waste is collected and can be used as soil fertilizer.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_16-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Because they prefer using a dung pile for excreting bodily waste, some alpacas have been successfully <a href="/w/index.php?title=House-trained&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="House-trained (page does not exist)">house-trained</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Applewood_Lane_Alpacas_–_Alpaca_Breeding_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Applewood_Lane_Alpacas_–_Alpaca_Breeding-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Alpacas develop dental hygiene problems that affect their eating and behavior. Warning signs include protracted chewing while eating or food spilling out of their mouths. Poor body condition and sunken cheeks are also telltale signs of dental problems. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sounds">Sounds</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Suri-alpaca.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Suri-alpaca.jpg/260px-Suri-alpaca.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="313" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Suri-alpaca.jpg/390px-Suri-alpaca.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c6/Suri-alpaca.jpg 2x" data-file-width="499" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Suri alpacas</figcaption></figure> <p>Alpacas make a variety of sounds: </p> <ul><li>Humming: When alpacas are born, the mother and baby hum constantly. They also hum as a sign of distress, especially when they are separated from their herd. Alpacas may also hum when curious, happy, worried, or cautious.</li> <li>Snorting: Alpacas snort when another alpaca is invading their space.</li> <li>Grumbling: Alpacas grumble to warn each other. For example, when one is invading another's personal space, it sounds like gurgling.</li> <li>Clucking: Similar to a hen's cluck, alpacas cluck when a mother is concerned for her <a href="/wiki/Cria" title="Cria">cria</a>. Male alpacas cluck to signal friendly behavior.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_16-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Screaming: Their screams are extremely deafening and loud. They will scream when they are not handled correctly or when a potential enemy is attacking them.</li> <li>Screeching: A bird-like cry, presumably intended to terrify the opponent. This sound is typically used by male alpacas when they are in a fight over dominance. When a female screeches, it is more of a growl when she is angry.</li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Alpacas.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Alpacas.JPG/220px-Alpacas.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Alpacas.JPG/330px-Alpacas.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Alpacas.JPG/440px-Alpacas.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>A herd of alpacas near a mountain in Ecuador</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reproduction">Reproduction</h3></div> <p>Females are <a href="/wiki/Induced_ovulation_(animals)" title="Induced ovulation (animals)">induced ovulators</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Chen_Yuen_Pan_pp._335–339_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chen_Yuen_Pan_pp._335–339-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> meaning that the act of mating and the presence of semen causes them to ovulate. Females usually conceive after just one breeding but occasionally do have trouble conceiving. Artificial insemination is technically difficult, expensive, and uncommon but feasible. On the contrary, embryo transfer is more widespread. </p><p>A male is usually ready to mate for the first time between two and three years of age. It is not advisable to allow a young female to be bred until she is mature and has reached two-thirds of her mature weight. Overbreeding a young female before conception is possibly a common cause of uterine infections. As the age of maturation varies greatly between individuals, it is usually recommended that novice breeders wait until females are 18 months of age or older before initiating breeding.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Alpacas can <a href="/wiki/Breed" title="Breed">breed</a> at any time throughout the year, but it is more difficult to breed in the winter. Most breed during autumn or late spring. The most popular way to have alpacas mate is pen mating, which involves moving both the female and the desired male into a pen. Another way is paddock mating, where one male alpaca is let loose in the paddock with several female alpacas. </p><p>The gestation period is, on average, 11.5 months, and usually results in a single offspring, or <i><a href="/wiki/Cria" title="Cria">cria</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Twins" class="mw-redirect" title="Twins">Twins</a> are rare, occurring about once per 1000 deliveries.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cria are generally between 15 and 19 pounds, and are standing 30 to 90 minutes after birth.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Two weeks after a female gives birth, she is generally <a href="/wiki/Receptive_to_breeding" class="mw-redirect" title="Receptive to breeding">receptive to breeding</a> again. Crias may be weaned through human intervention at about six months old and 60 pounds weight. However, many breeders prefer to allow the female to decide when to wean her offspring; they can be weaned earlier or later depending on their size and emotional maturity. </p><p>The average lifespan of an alpaca is between 15 and 20 years, and the longest-lived alpaca on record is 28 years.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><span class="anchor" id="Pests"></span><span class="anchor" id="Diseases"></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pests_and_diseases">Pests and diseases</h2></div> <p>Cattle tuberculosis can also infect alpacas: <i><a href="/wiki/Mycobacterium_bovis" title="Mycobacterium bovis">Mycobacterium bovis</a></i> also causes TB in this species worldwide.<sup id="cite_ref-Bernitz-et-al-2021_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bernitz-et-al-2021-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Krajewska-Wędzina <i>et al.</i>, 2020 detect <i>M. bovis</i> in individuals traded from the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> to <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Bernitz-et-al-2021_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bernitz-et-al-2021-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To accomplish this they develop a <a href="/wiki/Seroassay" class="mw-redirect" title="Seroassay">seroassay</a> which correctly identifies positive subjects which are <a href="/wiki/False_negative" class="mw-redirect" title="False negative">false negative</a> for a common skin test.<sup id="cite_ref-Bernitz-et-al-2021_31-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bernitz-et-al-2021-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Krajewska-Wędzina <i>et al.</i> also find that alpacas are unusual in mounting a competent early-infection immune response.<sup id="cite_ref-Bernitz-et-al-2021_31-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bernitz-et-al-2021-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bernitz <i>et al.</i>, 2021 believe this to generalise to all <a href="/wiki/Camelid" class="mw-redirect" title="Camelid">camelids</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Bernitz-et-al-2021_31-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bernitz-et-al-2021-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Habitat_and_lifestyle">Habitat and lifestyle</h2></div> <p>Alpacas can be found throughout most of South America.<sup id="cite_ref-Wambugu_2018_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wambugu_2018-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They typically live in temperate conditions in the mountains with high altitudes. </p><p>They are easy to care for since they are not limited to a specific type of environment. Animals such as <a href="/wiki/Flamingo" title="Flamingo">flamingos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Condor" title="Condor">condors</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spectacled_bear" title="Spectacled bear">spectacled bears</a>, mountain lions, coyotes, llamas, and sheep live near alpacas when they are in their natural habitat. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Population">Population</h2></div> <p>Alpacas are native to <a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a> but can be found throughout the globe in captivity.<sup id="cite_ref-Wambugu_2018_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wambugu_2018-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Peru currently has the largest alpaca population, with over half the world's animals.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The population declined drastically after the Spanish Conquistadors invaded the <a href="/wiki/Andes" title="Andes">Andes mountains</a> in 1532, after which 98% of the animals were destroyed. The Spanish also brought with them diseases that were fatal to alpacas.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>European conquest forced the animals to move higher into the mountains,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="Please clarify the preceding statement or statements with a good explanation from a reliable source. (December 2019)">how?</span></a></i>]</sup> which remained there permanently. Although alpacas had almost been wiped out completely, they were rediscovered sometime during the 19th century by Europeans. After finding their uses, animals became important to societies during the Industrial Revolution.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Diet">Diet</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Alpaca-tobudobutsuen-2012.ogv/260px--Alpaca-tobudobutsuen-2012.ogv.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="260" height="146" data-durationhint="8" data-mwtitle="Alpaca-tobudobutsuen-2012.ogv" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Alpaca-tobudobutsuen-2012.ogv"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d0/Alpaca-tobudobutsuen-2012.ogv/Alpaca-tobudobutsuen-2012.ogv.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d0/Alpaca-tobudobutsuen-2012.ogv/Alpaca-tobudobutsuen-2012.ogv.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d0/Alpaca-tobudobutsuen-2012.ogv/Alpaca-tobudobutsuen-2012.ogv.1080p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="1080p.vp9.webm" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d0/Alpaca-tobudobutsuen-2012.ogv" type="video/ogg; codecs="theora"" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d0/Alpaca-tobudobutsuen-2012.ogv/Alpaca-tobudobutsuen-2012.ogv.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="256" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d0/Alpaca-tobudobutsuen-2012.ogv/Alpaca-tobudobutsuen-2012.ogv.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d0/Alpaca-tobudobutsuen-2012.ogv/Alpaca-tobudobutsuen-2012.ogv.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d0/Alpaca-tobudobutsuen-2012.ogv/Alpaca-tobudobutsuen-2012.ogv.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /></video></span><figcaption>(video) An alpaca chewing</figcaption></figure> <p>Alpacas chew their food which ends up being mixed with their <a href="/wiki/Cud" title="Cud">cud</a> and saliva and then they swallow it. Alpacas usually eat 1.5% of their body weight daily for normal growth.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They mainly need pasture grass, hay, or <a href="/wiki/Silage" title="Silage">silage</a>. Still, some may also need supplemental energy and protein foods, and they will also usually try to chew on almost anything (e.g., empty bottles). Most alpaca ranchers rotate their feeding grounds so the grass can regrow, and fecal parasites may die before reusing the area. Pasture grass is a great source of protein. When seasons change, the grass loses or gains more protein. For example, in the spring, the pasture <a href="/wiki/Pasture" title="Pasture">grass</a> has about 20% protein, while it only has 6% in the summer.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They need more energy supplements in the winter to produce body heat and warmth. They get their fiber from hay or long stems, which provides them with vitamin E. Green grass contains vitamins A and E. </p><p>Alpacas can eat natural unfertilized grass; however, ranchers can also supplement grass with low-protein grass hay. To provide selenium and other necessary vitamins, ranchers will feed their domestic alpacas a daily dose of grain to provide additional nutrients that are not fully obtained from their primary diet.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Alpacas may obtain the necessary vitamins in their native grazing ranges. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Digestion">Digestion</h3></div> <p>Like other camelids, alpacas have a three-chambered stomach; combined with chewing <a href="/wiki/Cud" title="Cud">cud</a>, this three-chambered system allows maximum extraction of nutrients from low-quality forages. Alpacas are not ruminants, pseudo-ruminants, or modified ruminants, as there are many differences between the anatomy and physiology of a camelid and a ruminant stomach.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Alpacas chew their food in a figure eight motion, swallow it, and then pass it into one of their stomach's chambers. The first and second chambers (C1 and C2) are anaerobic fermentation chambers where the fermentation process begins. The alpaca will further absorb nutrients and water in the first part of the third chamber. The end of the third chamber (called C3) is where the stomach secretes acids to digest food and is the likely place where an alpaca will have ulcers if stressed. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Poisonous_plants">Poisonous plants</h3></div> <p>Unlike <a href="/wiki/Sheep" title="Sheep">sheep</a> and <a href="/wiki/Goat" title="Goat">goats</a>, which are commonly used to clear overgrown patches of land—as they willingly consume many noxious, poisonous botanical species—, many more common <a href="/wiki/Family_(biology)" title="Family (biology)">plant families</a> are highly poisonous to alpacas, including the <a href="/wiki/Amaryllidaceae" title="Amaryllidaceae">Amaryllidaceae</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Amaryllis" title="Amaryllis">Amaryllis</a></i>) family, the dogbane-milkweed family <a href="/wiki/Apocynaceae" title="Apocynaceae">Apocynaceae</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Asclepias" title="Asclepias">Asclepias</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Hoya_(plant)" title="Hoya (plant)">Hoya</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Nerium" title="Nerium">Nerium</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Plumeria" title="Plumeria">Plumeria</a></i>, etc<i>)</i>, the aroid family <a href="/wiki/Araceae" title="Araceae">Araceae</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Anthurium" title="Anthurium">Anthurium</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Colocasia" title="Colocasia">Colocasia</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Monstera" title="Monstera">Monstera</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Philodendron" title="Philodendron">Philodendron</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Zantedeschia" title="Zantedeschia">Zantedeschia</a></i>, etc), the <a href="/wiki/Asparagaceae" title="Asparagaceae">Asparagaceae</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Agave" title="Agave">Agave</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Asparagus_(genus)" title="Asparagus (genus)">Asparagus</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Dracaena_(plant)" title="Dracaena (plant)">Dracaena</a></i>, and more), <a href="/wiki/Asteraceae" title="Asteraceae">Asteraceae</a> (daisies and <i><a href="/wiki/Senecio" title="Senecio">Senecio</a></i>, etc), <a href="/wiki/Caryophyllaceae" title="Caryophyllaceae">Caryophyllaceae</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Dianthus" title="Dianthus">Dianthus</a></i>), some <a href="/wiki/Ericaceae" title="Ericaceae">Ericaceae</a> (<a href="/wiki/Azalea" title="Azalea">azaleas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Erica_(plant)" title="Erica (plant)">heather</a>, etc), <a href="/wiki/Euphorbiaceae" title="Euphorbiaceae">Euphorbiaceae</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ricinus" title="Ricinus">castor bean</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Croton_(plant)" title="Croton (plant)">Croton</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Poinsettia" title="Poinsettia">poinsettia</a>, etc), <a href="/wiki/Fagaceae" title="Fagaceae">Fagaceae</a> (<a href="/wiki/Beech" title="Beech">beech</a> and <a href="/wiki/Oak" title="Oak">oak</a>; <a href="/wiki/Acorn" title="Acorn">acorns</a>), <a href="/wiki/Fern" title="Fern">ferns</a> (especially <a href="/wiki/Bracken" title="Bracken"><i>Pteridium</i></a>), <a href="/wiki/Ruta_graveolens" title="Ruta graveolens">African rue</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iridaceae" title="Iridaceae">Iridaceae</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Crocus" title="Crocus">Crocus</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Freesia" title="Freesia">Freesia</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Gladiolus" title="Gladiolus">Gladiolus</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Iris_(plant)" title="Iris (plant)">Iris</a></i>, etc), <a href="/wiki/Melanthiaceae" title="Melanthiaceae">Melanthiaceae</a> (corn-lilies), <a href="/wiki/Polygonaceae" title="Polygonaceae">Polygonaceae</a> (<a href="/wiki/Buckwheat" title="Buckwheat">buckwheat</a>, knotweed), <a href="/wiki/Ragweed" title="Ragweed">ragweed</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ranunculaceae" title="Ranunculaceae">Ranunculaceae</a> (buttercups), as well as <a href="/wiki/Orange_(fruit)" title="Orange (fruit)">orange tree</a> and other <i><a href="/wiki/Citrus" title="Citrus">Citrus</a></i> foliage, among others.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fiber">Fiber</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Alpaca_fiber" title="Alpaca fiber">Alpaca fiber</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:408px;max-width:408px"><div class="trow"><div class="theader">A selection of products made from alpaca fiber</div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Otavalo_Artisan_Market_-_Andes_Mountains_-_South_America_-_photograph_033.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Otavalo_Artisan_Market_-_Andes_Mountains_-_South_America_-_photograph_033.JPG/200px-Otavalo_Artisan_Market_-_Andes_Mountains_-_South_America_-_photograph_033.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Otavalo_Artisan_Market_-_Andes_Mountains_-_South_America_-_photograph_033.JPG/300px-Otavalo_Artisan_Market_-_Andes_Mountains_-_South_America_-_photograph_033.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Otavalo_Artisan_Market_-_Andes_Mountains_-_South_America_-_photograph_033.JPG/400px-Otavalo_Artisan_Market_-_Andes_Mountains_-_South_America_-_photograph_033.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Traditional alpaca clothing at the <a href="/wiki/Otavalo_(city)" title="Otavalo (city)">Otavalo</a> Artisan Market in the Andes of <a href="/wiki/Ecuador" title="Ecuador">Ecuador</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Alpaca_wool_scarf.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Alpaca_wool_scarf.JPG/200px-Alpaca_wool_scarf.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Alpaca_wool_scarf.JPG/300px-Alpaca_wool_scarf.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Alpaca_wool_scarf.JPG/400px-Alpaca_wool_scarf.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">A knitted scarf made from alpaca wool</div></div></div></div></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Alpaca_fiber" title="Alpaca fiber">Alpaca fleece</a> is soft and possesses water and flame resistant properties, making it a valuable commodity.<sup id="cite_ref-Moon_2017_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Moon_2017-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is used for making knitted and woven items, similar to sheep's wool. These items include blankets, sweaters, hats, gloves, scarves, a wide variety of textiles, and <a href="/wiki/Poncho" title="Poncho">ponchos</a>, in South America, as well as sweaters, socks, coats, and bedding in other parts of the world. The fiber comes in more than 52 natural colors as classified in Peru, 12 as classified in Australia, and 16 as classified in the United States. </p><p>Alpacas are typically sheared once per year in the spring. Each shearing produces approximately 2.3 to 4.5 kilograms (5 to 10 pounds) of fiber per alpaca. An adult alpaca might produce 1.4 to 2.6 kilograms (50 to 90 ounces) of first-quality fiber as well as 1.4 to 2.8 kilograms (50 to 100 ounces) of second- and third-quality fiber. The quality of alpaca fiber is determined by how crimpy it is. Typically, the greater the number of small folds in the fiber, the greater the quality. </p><p>There are two modern breeds of alpaca, separated based on their respective region of <a href="/wiki/Endemism" title="Endemism">endemism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Alpaca_fiber" title="Alpaca fiber">fiber</a> (wool) type—the <a href="/wiki/Suri_alpaca" title="Suri alpaca">Suri alpaca</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Huacaya_alpaca" title="Huacaya alpaca">Huacaya alpaca</a>. Both breeds produce a fiber that is highly valued, with Suri alpaca fiber growing in straight "locks" and being comparable to the <a href="/wiki/Mohair" title="Mohair">mohair</a> of Turkish <a href="/wiki/Angora_goat" title="Angora goat">Angora goats</a>; Huacaya has a "crimped", wavy texture and grows in bundles more similar to sheep's wool.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Prices">Prices</h2></div> <p>Alpacas were the subject of a <a href="/wiki/Speculative_bubble" class="mw-redirect" title="Speculative bubble">speculative bubble</a> between their introduction to North America in 1984 and the early 21st century. The price for American alpacas ranged from US$50 for a castrated male (gelding) to US$675,000 for the highest in the world, depending on breeding history, sex, and color.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2006, researchers warned that the higher prices sought for alpaca breeding stock were largely speculative and not supported by market fundamentals, given the low inherent returns per head from the main end product, <a href="/wiki/Alpaca_fiber" title="Alpaca fiber">alpaca fiber</a>, and prices into the $100s per head rather than $10,000s would be required for a commercially viable fiber production herd.<sup id="cite_ref-DARE_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DARE-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Tuckwell_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tuckwell-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Marketed as "the investment you can hug" in television commercials by the Alpaca Owners and Breeders Association, the market for alpacas was almost entirely dependent on breeding and selling animals to new buyers, a classic sign of speculative bubbles in livestock. The bubble burst in 2007, with the price of alpaca breeding stock dropping by thousands of dollars each year thereafter. Many farmers found themselves unable to sell animals for any price, or even give them away.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It is possible to raise up to 25 alpacas per hectare (10/acre),<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as they have a designated area for waste products and keep their eating area away from their waste area. However, this ratio differs from country to country and is highly dependent on the quality of pasture available (in many desert locations it is generally only possible to run one to three animals per acre due to lack of suitable vegetation). Fiber quality is the primary variant in the price achieved for alpaca wool; in Australia, it is common to classify the fiber by the thickness of the individual hairs and by the amount of vegetable matter contained in the supplied shearings. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Livestock">Livestock</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bolivian_Alpaca.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Bolivian_Alpaca.jpg/220px-Bolivian_Alpaca.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Bolivian_Alpaca.jpg/330px-Bolivian_Alpaca.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Bolivian_Alpaca.jpg/440px-Bolivian_Alpaca.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="350" /></a><figcaption>A Bolivian man and his alpaca</figcaption></figure> <p>Alpacas need to eat 1–2% of their body weight per day, so about two 27 kg (60 lb) bales of grass hay per month per animal. When formulating a proper diet for alpacas, water and hay analysis should be performed to determine the proper vitamin and mineral supplementation program. Two options are to provide free choice salt/mineral powder or feed a specially formulated ration. Indigenous to the highest regions of the <a href="/wiki/Andes" title="Andes">Andes</a>, this harsh environment has created an extremely hardy animal, so only minimal housing and predator fencing are needed.<sup id="cite_ref-owners_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-owners-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The alpacas' three-chambered stomachs allow for extremely efficient digestion. There are no viable seeds in the manure, because alpacas prefer to only eat tender plant leaves, and will not consume thick plant stems; therefore, alpaca manure does not need composting to enrich pastures or ornamental landscaping. Nail and teeth trimming are needed every six to twelve months, along with annual shearing. </p><p>Similar to ruminants, such as cattle and sheep, alpacas have only lower teeth at the front of their mouths; therefore, they do not pull the grass up by the roots. Rotating pastures is still important, though, as alpacas have a tendency to regraze an area repeatedly. Alpacas are fiber-producing animals; they do not need to be slaughtered to reap their product, and their fiber is a <a href="/wiki/Renewable_resource" title="Renewable resource">renewable resource</a> that grows yearly. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cultural_presence">Cultural presence</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Milwaukee_Public_Museum_February_2023_75_(Middle_America--High_Trail_in_the_Andes-_Peru).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Milwaukee_Public_Museum_February_2023_75_%28Middle_America--High_Trail_in_the_Andes-_Peru%29.jpg/220px-Milwaukee_Public_Museum_February_2023_75_%28Middle_America--High_Trail_in_the_Andes-_Peru%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Milwaukee_Public_Museum_February_2023_75_%28Middle_America--High_Trail_in_the_Andes-_Peru%29.jpg/330px-Milwaukee_Public_Museum_February_2023_75_%28Middle_America--High_Trail_in_the_Andes-_Peru%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Milwaukee_Public_Museum_February_2023_75_%28Middle_America--High_Trail_in_the_Andes-_Peru%29.jpg/440px-Milwaukee_Public_Museum_February_2023_75_%28Middle_America--High_Trail_in_the_Andes-_Peru%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption>The <i>High Trail in the Andes: Peru</i> diorama at the <a href="/wiki/Milwaukee_Public_Museum" title="Milwaukee Public Museum">Milwaukee Public Museum</a>, depicting an Andean man and his llama-transport.</figcaption></figure> <p>Alpacas are closely tied to cultural practices for Andeans people. Prior to colonization, the image of the alpaca was used in rituals and in their religious practices. Since the people in the region depended heavily on these animals for their sustenance, the alpaca was seen as a gift from <a href="/wiki/Pachamama" title="Pachamama">Pachamama</a>. Alpacas were used for their meat, fibers for clothing, and art, and their images in the form of conopas. </p><p>Conopas take their appearance from the Suri alpacas, with long locks flanking their sides and bangs covering the eyes, and a depression on the back. This depression is used in ritual practices, usually filled with coca leaves and fat from alpacas and lamas, to bring fertility and luck. While their use was prevalent before colonization, the attempts to convert the Andean people to Catholicism led to the acquisition of more than 3,400 conopas in Lima alone. </p><p>The origin of alpacas is depicted in legend; the legend states they came to be in the world after a goddess fell in love with a man. The goddess' father only allowed her to be with her lover if he cared for her herd of alpacas. On top of caring for the herd, he was to always carry a small animal for his entire life. As the goddess came into our world, the alpacas followed her. Everything was fine until the man set the small animal down, and the goddess fled back to her home. On her way back home, the man attempted to stop her and her herd from fleeing. While he was not able to stop her from returning, he was able to stop a few alpacas from returning. These alpacas who did not make it back are said to be seen today in the swampy lands in the Andes waiting for the end of the world, so they may return to their goddess.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ausangate-hillside-MT.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Ausangate-hillside-MT.jpg/32px-Ausangate-hillside-MT.jpg" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Ausangate-hillside-MT.jpg/48px-Ausangate-hillside-MT.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Ausangate-hillside-MT.jpg/64px-Ausangate-hillside-MT.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1550" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Andes" title="Portal:Andes">Andes portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Okapi2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Okapi2.jpg/32px-Okapi2.jpg" decoding="async" width="32" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Okapi2.jpg/48px-Okapi2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Okapi2.jpg/64px-Okapi2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1707" data-file-height="1482" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Mammals" title="Portal:Mammals">Mammals portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alpaca_fiber" title="Alpaca fiber">Alpaca fiber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guanaco" title="Guanaco">Guanaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llama" title="Llama">Llama</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Skrjabinema" title="Skrjabinema">Skrjabinema</a></i> – an intestinal parasite that infects the guanaco</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vicu%C3%B1a" title="Vicuña">Vicuña</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-EB1911-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output 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.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFChisholm1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a>, ed. (1911). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Alpaca"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Alpaca">"Alpaca" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 1 (11th ed.). 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Stanley; Ricardo Baldi; Jane C. Wheeler; Raul Rosadio; Michael W. Bruford (December 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1088918">"Genetic analysis reveals the wild ancestors of the llama and the alpaca"</a>. <i>Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences</i>. <b>268</b> (1485): 2575–2584. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1098%2Frspb.2001.1774">10.1098/rspb.2001.1774</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1088918">1088918</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11749713">11749713</a>. 0962-8452 (Paper) 1471–2954 (Online).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+Royal+Society+B%3A+Biological+Sciences&rft.atitle=Genetic+analysis+reveals+the+wild+ancestors+of+the+llama+and+the+alpaca&rft.volume=268&rft.issue=1485&rft.pages=2575-2584&rft.date=2001-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1088918%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F11749713&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1098%2Frspb.2001.1774&rft.aulast=Kadwell&rft.aufirst=Miranda&rft.au=Matilde+Fernandez&rft.au=Helen+F.+Stanley&rft.au=Ricardo+Baldi&rft.au=Jane+C.+Wheeler&rft.au=Raul+Rosadio&rft.au=Michael+W.+Bruford&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1088918&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlpaca" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bluemoonranch.net/frequently-asked-questions/">Frequently Asked Questions – Blue Moon Ranch Alpacas</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWindsorTeranWindsor1992" class="citation journal cs1">Windsor, R. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 August</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Alpaca.com&rft.atitle=Alpaca+Care+and+Diet&rft.date=2009&rft.aulast=Davis&rft.aufirst=Linda+K.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.alpaca.com%2Falpacacareanddiet.cfm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlpaca" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFowler2010" class="citation book cs1">Fowler, Murray (5 May 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=R9yEFQgUEpIC"><i>Medicine and Surgery of Camelids</i></a> (3rd ed.). Wiley. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8138-1003-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8138-1003-4"><bdi>978-0-8138-1003-4</bdi></a>. Chapter 1 General Biology and Evolution addresses the fact that camelids (including llamas and camels) are not ruminants, pseudo-ruminants, or modified ruminants. In contrast, Chapter 2 Feeding and Nutrition goes into extensive detail.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Medicine+and+Surgery+of+Camelids&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=Wiley&rft.date=2010-05-05&rft.isbn=978-0-8138-1003-4&rft.aulast=Fowler&rft.aufirst=Murray&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DR9yEFQgUEpIC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlpaca" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: postscript (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_postscript" title="Category:CS1 maint: postscript">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040908095730/http://www.c-r-alpacas.com/Alpaca%20Tips/plants_that_are_poisonous_to_alp.htm">"Plants that are poisonous to alpacas"</a>. <i>C R Alpacas</i>. 9 July 2005. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.c-r-alpacas.com/Alpaca%20Tips/plants_that_are_poisonous_to_alp.htm">the original</a> on 8 September 2004.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=C+R+Alpacas&rft.atitle=Plants+that+are+poisonous+to+alpacas&rft.date=2005-07-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.c-r-alpacas.com%2FAlpaca%2520Tips%2Fplants_that_are_poisonous_to_alp.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlpaca" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Moon_2017-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Moon_2017_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoon2017" class="citation web cs1">Moon, Bronte (13 September 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://brontemoon.com/blogs/wonderful-wool/whats-so-special-about-alpaca-wool">"What's So Special About Alpaca Wool?"</a>. <i>Bronte Moon</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bronte+Moon&rft.atitle=What%27s+So+Special+About+Alpaca+Wool%3F&rft.date=2017-09-13&rft.aulast=Moon&rft.aufirst=Bronte&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbrontemoon.com%2Fblogs%2Fwonderful-wool%2Fwhats-so-special-about-alpaca-wool&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlpaca" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wisteriasuriranch.com/suri-fiber/suri-vs-huacaya-fleece-characteristics/">"Suri vs Huacaya Fleece Characteristics"</a>. <i>WisteriaSuriRanch.com</i>. 4 July 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 May</span> 2024</span>. <q>Suri alpaca fiber is more like the mohair from Angora goats while Huacaya is more like sheep's wool. Suri fiber has beautiful luster and similarly, Huacayas have brightness.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=WisteriaSuriRanch.com&rft.atitle=Suri+vs+Huacaya+Fleece+Characteristics&rft.date=2020-07-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwisteriasuriranch.com%2Fsuri-fiber%2Fsuri-vs-huacaya-fleece-characteristics%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlpaca" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pr.com/press-release/386055">"Leading Alpaca Breeder Snowmass Alpacas Offers Elite Alpaca Genetics in Unprecedented Sale"</a>. <i>PR.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=PR.com&rft.atitle=Leading+Alpaca+Breeder+Snowmass+Alpacas+Offers+Elite+Alpaca+Genetics+in+Unprecedented+Sale&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pr.com%2Fpress-release%2F386055&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlpaca" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deseret.com/2010/5/13/20114831/alpaca-s-savage-beating-in-ohio-upsets-ranchers">"Alpaca's savage beating in Ohio upsets ranchers"</a>. <i>Deseret News</i>. Associated Press. 13 May 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Deseret+News&rft.atitle=Alpaca%27s+savage+beating+in+Ohio+upsets+ranchers&rft.date=2010-05-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.deseret.com%2F2010%2F5%2F13%2F20114831%2Falpaca-s-savage-beating-in-ohio-upsets-ranchers&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlpaca" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DARE-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-DARE_44-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTina_L._SaitoneRichard_J._Sexton2005" class="citation web cs1">Tina L. Saitone; Richard J. Sexton (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aic.ucdavis.edu/research1/alpaca_RAE.pdf">"Alpaca Lies? Do Alpacas Represent the Latest Speculative Bubble in Agriculture?"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Davis" title="University of California, Davis">University of California, Davis</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 June</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Alpaca+Lies%3F+Do+Alpacas+Represent+the+Latest+Speculative+Bubble+in+Agriculture%3F&rft.pub=University+of+California%2C+Davis&rft.date=2005&rft.au=Tina+L.+Saitone&rft.au=Richard+J.+Sexton&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Faic.ucdavis.edu%2Fresearch1%2Falpaca_RAE.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlpaca" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tuckwell-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Tuckwell_45-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTuckwell1998" class="citation book cs1">Tuckwell, Chris (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.frdc.com.au/Archived-Reports/FRDC%20Projects/1997-343-DLD.pdf">"Alpacas"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. In K.W. Hyde (ed.). <i>The new rural industries: a handbook for farmers and investors</i>. RIRDC. pp. 15–19. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-642-24690-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-642-24690-5"><bdi>978-0-642-24690-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Alpacas&rft.btitle=The+new+rural+industries%3A+a+handbook+for+farmers+and+investors&rft.pages=15-19&rft.pub=RIRDC&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-642-24690-5&rft.aulast=Tuckwell&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.frdc.com.au%2FArchived-Reports%2FFRDC%2520Projects%2F1997-343-DLD.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlpaca" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCima2015" class="citation web cs1">Cima, Rosie (14 August 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://priceonomics.com/when-the-great-alpaca-bubble-burst/">"When the Great Alpaca Bubble Burst"</a>. <i>Priceonomics</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Priceonomics&rft.atitle=When+the+Great+Alpaca+Bubble+Burst&rft.date=2015-08-14&rft.aulast=Cima&rft.aufirst=Rosie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpriceonomics.com%2Fwhen-the-great-alpaca-bubble-burst%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlpaca" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarnett2014" class="citation web cs1">Barnett, Kaitlin Bell (6 November 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://modernfarmer.com/2014/11/alpaca-industry-matures-growing-pains/">"Alpacas: Lovable Lawnmowers No More"</a>. <i>Modern Farmer</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 January</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Modern+Farmer&rft.atitle=Alpacas%3A+Lovable+Lawnmowers+No+More&rft.date=2014-11-06&rft.aulast=Barnett&rft.aufirst=Kaitlin+Bell&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmodernfarmer.com%2F2014%2F11%2Falpaca-industry-matures-growing-pains%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlpaca" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171006224407/http://www.sugarloafalpacas.com/faqs.shtml">"FAQs – Sugarloaf Alpaca Company – Adamstown, MD"</a>. <i>sugarloafalpacas.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sugarloafalpacas.com/faqs.shtml">the original</a> on 6 October 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 October</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=sugarloafalpacas.com&rft.atitle=FAQs+%E2%80%93+Sugarloaf+Alpaca+Company+%E2%80%93+Adamstown%2C+MD&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sugarloafalpacas.com%2Ffaqs.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlpaca" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-owners-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-owners_49-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.alpacainfo.com/academy/about-alpacas">"About Alpacas"</a>. <i>alpacainfo.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 September</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=alpacainfo.com&rft.atitle=About+Alpacas&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.alpacainfo.com%2Facademy%2Fabout-alpacas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlpaca" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMerrell,_J.,_&_Merrell,_S." class="citation web cs1">Merrell, J., & Merrell, S. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171110225410/http://www.gatewayalpacas.com/alpacas/history-of-alpacas/conopas.htm">"Conopas"</a>. <i>Alpacas</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gatewayalpacas.com/alpacas/history-of-alpacas/conopas.htm">the original</a> on 10 November 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 August</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Alpacas&rft.atitle=Conopas&rft.au=Merrell%2C+J.%2C+%26+Merrell%2C+S.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gatewayalpacas.com%2Falpacas%2Fhistory-of-alpacas%2Fconopas.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlpaca" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/51px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/68px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="941" data-file-height="1103" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikispecies" title="Wikispecies">Wikispecies</a> has information related to <i><b><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Lama_pacos" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Lama pacos">Lama pacos</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Lama_pacos" class="extiw" title="commons:Lama pacos"><span style="font-style:italic; font-weight:bold;">Alpaca</span></a>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aia.org.pe/">International Alpaca Association (IAA)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.alpacainfo.com/">Alpaca Owners Association (AOA) (US)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" 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aria-labelledby="Extant_Artiodactyla_species" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini 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this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Extant_Artiodactyla_species" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Extant <a href="/wiki/Artiodactyl" title="Artiodactyl">Artiodactyla</a> species</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>Kingdom: <a href="/wiki/Animal" title="Animal">Animalia</a></li> <li>Phylum: <a href="/wiki/Chordate" title="Chordate">Chordata</a></li> <li>Class: <a href="/wiki/Mammal" title="Mammal">Mammalia</a></li> <li>Infraclass: <a href="/wiki/Eutheria" title="Eutheria">Eutheria</a></li> <li>Superorder: <a href="/wiki/Laurasiatheria" title="Laurasiatheria">Laurasiatheria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Suborder_Ruminantia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Suborder <a href="/wiki/Ruminant" title="Ruminant">Ruminantia</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Antilocapridae" title="Antilocapridae">Antilocapridae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Antilocapra" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><i><a href="/wiki/Pronghorn" title="Pronghorn">Antilocapra</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pronghorn" title="Pronghorn">Pronghorn (<i>A. americana</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Giraffidae" title="Giraffidae">Giraffidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><i><a href="/wiki/Okapi" title="Okapi">Okapia</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Okapi" title="Okapi">Okapi (<i>O. johnstoni</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><i><a href="/wiki/Giraffe" title="Giraffe">Giraffa</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northern_giraffe" title="Northern giraffe">Northern giraffe (<i>G. camelopardalis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_giraffe" title="Southern giraffe">Southern giraffe (<i>G. giraffa</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reticulated_giraffe" title="Reticulated giraffe">Reticulated giraffe (<i>G. reticulata</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masai_giraffe" title="Masai giraffe">Masai giraffe (<i>G. tippelskirchi</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Moschidae" title="Moschidae">Moschidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Moschus" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><i><a href="/wiki/Musk_deer" title="Musk deer">Moschus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anhui_musk_deer" title="Anhui musk deer">Anhui musk deer (<i>M. anhuiensis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dwarf_musk_deer" title="Dwarf musk deer">Dwarf musk deer (<i>M. berezovskii</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpine_musk_deer" title="Alpine musk deer">Alpine musk deer (<i>M. chrysogaster</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashmir_musk_deer" title="Kashmir musk deer">Kashmir musk deer (<i>M. cupreus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_musk_deer" title="Black musk deer">Black musk deer (<i>M. fuscus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White-bellied_musk_deer" title="White-bellied musk deer">Himalayan musk deer (<i>M. leucogaster</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siberian_musk_deer" title="Siberian musk deer">Siberian musk deer (<i>M. moschiferus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Chevrotain" title="Chevrotain">Tragulidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><i><a href="/wiki/Water_chevrotain" title="Water chevrotain">Hyemoschus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Water_chevrotain" title="Water chevrotain">Water chevrotain (<i>H. aquaticus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><i><a href="/wiki/Moschiola" title="Moschiola">Moschiola</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indian_spotted_chevrotain" title="Indian spotted chevrotain">Indian spotted chevrotain (<i>M. indica</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yellow-striped_chevrotain" title="Yellow-striped chevrotain">Yellow-striped chevrotain (<i>M. kathygre</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankan_spotted_chevrotain" title="Sri Lankan spotted chevrotain">Sri Lankan spotted chevrotain (<i>M. meminna</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><i><a href="/wiki/Tragulus" title="Tragulus">Tragulus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Java_mouse-deer" title="Java mouse-deer">Java mouse-deer (<i>T. javanicus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesser_mouse-deer" title="Lesser mouse-deer">Lesser mouse-deer (<i>T. kanchil</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_mouse-deer" title="Greater mouse-deer">Greater mouse-deer (<i>T. napu</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_mouse-deer" title="Philippine mouse-deer">Philippine mouse-deer (<i>T. nigricans</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam_mouse-deer" title="Vietnam mouse-deer">Vietnam mouse-deer (<i>T. versicolor</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Williamson%27s_mouse-deer" title="Williamson's mouse-deer">Williamson's mouse-deer (<i>T. williamsoni</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Deer" title="Deer">Cervidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">Large family listed below</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bovidae" title="Bovidae">Bovidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">Large family listed below</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Family_Cervidae" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="nobold">Family <a href="/wiki/Deer" title="Deer">Cervidae</a></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Cervinae" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cervinae" title="Cervinae">Cervinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em"><i><a href="/wiki/Muntjac" title="Muntjac">Muntiacus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bornean_yellow_muntjac" title="Bornean yellow muntjac">Bornean yellow muntjac (<i>M. atherodes</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hairy-fronted_muntjac" title="Hairy-fronted muntjac">Hairy-fronted muntjac (<i>M. crinifrons</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fea%27s_muntjac" title="Fea's muntjac">Fea's muntjac (<i>M. feae</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gongshan_muntjac" title="Gongshan muntjac">Gongshan muntjac (<i>M. gongshanensis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sumatran_muntjac" title="Sumatran muntjac">Sumatran muntjac (<i>M. montanus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_red_muntjac" title="Southern red muntjac">Southern red muntjac (<i>M. muntjak</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pu_Hoat_muntjac" title="Pu Hoat muntjac">Pu Hoat muntjac (<i>M. puhoatensis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leaf_muntjac" title="Leaf muntjac">Leaf muntjac (<i>M. putaoensis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reeves%27s_muntjac" title="Reeves's muntjac">Reeves's muntjac (<i>M. reevesi</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roosevelt%27s_muntjac" title="Roosevelt's muntjac">Roosevelt's muntjac (<i>M. rooseveltorum</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Truong_Son_muntjac" title="Truong Son muntjac">Truong Son muntjac (<i>M. truongsonensis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_red_muntjac" title="Northern red muntjac">Northern red muntjac (<i>M. vaginalis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giant_muntjac" title="Giant muntjac">Giant muntjac (<i>M. vuquangensis</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em"><i><a href="/wiki/Tufted_deer" title="Tufted deer">Elaphodus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tufted_deer" title="Tufted deer">Tufted deer (<i>E. cephalophus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em"><i><a href="/wiki/Dama_(genus)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dama (genus)">Dama</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_fallow_deer" title="European fallow deer">European fallow deer (<i>D. dama</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persian_fallow_deer" title="Persian fallow deer">Persian fallow deer (<i>D. mesopotamica</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em"><i><a href="/wiki/Axis_(genus)" title="Axis (genus)">Axis</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chital" title="Chital">Chital (<i>A. axis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calamian_deer" title="Calamian deer">Calamian deer (<i>A. calamianensis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bawean_deer" title="Bawean deer">Bawean deer (<i>A. kuhlii</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_hog_deer" title="Indian hog deer">Hog deer (<i>A. porcinus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em"><i><a href="/wiki/Rucervus" title="Rucervus">Rucervus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barasingha" title="Barasingha">Barasingha (<i>R. duvaucelii</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eld%27s_deer" title="Eld's deer">Eld's deer (<i>R. eldii</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em"><i><a href="/wiki/Elaphurus" title="Elaphurus">Elaphurus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A8re_David%27s_deer" title="Père David's deer">Père David's deer (<i>E. davidianus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em"><i><a href="/wiki/Rusa_(genus)" title="Rusa (genus)">Rusa</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Visayan_spotted_deer" title="Visayan spotted deer">Visayan spotted deer (<i>R. alfredi</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_deer" title="Philippine deer">Philippine sambar (<i>R. mariannus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Javan_rusa" title="Javan rusa">Rusa deer (<i>R. timorensis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sambar_deer" title="Sambar deer">Sambar (<i>R. unicolor</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em"><i><a href="/wiki/Cervus" title="Cervus">Cervus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thorold%27s_deer" title="Thorold's deer">Thorold's deer (<i>C. albirostris</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_deer" title="Red deer">Red deer (<i>C. elaphus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elk" title="Elk">Elk (<i>C. canadensis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Asian_red_deer" title="Central Asian red deer">Central Asian red deer (<i>C. hanglu</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sika_deer" title="Sika deer">Sika deer (<i>C. nippon</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Capreolinae" title="Capreolinae">Capreolinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em"><i><a href="/wiki/Moose" title="Moose">Alces</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moose" title="Moose">Moose (<i>A. alces</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em"><i><a href="/wiki/Water_deer" title="Water deer">Hydropotes</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Water_deer" title="Water deer">Water deer (<i>H. inermis</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em"><i><a href="/wiki/Capreolus" title="Capreolus">Capreolus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roe_deer" title="Roe deer">European roe deer (<i>C. capreolus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siberian_roe_deer" title="Siberian roe deer">Siberian roe deer (<i>C. pygargus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em"><i><a href="/wiki/Reindeer" title="Reindeer">Rangifer</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reindeer" title="Reindeer">Reindeer (<i>R. tarandus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em"><i><a href="/wiki/Hippocamelus" title="Hippocamelus">Hippocamelus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Taruca" title="Taruca">Taruca (<i>H. antisensis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Andean_deer" title="South Andean deer">South Andean deer (<i>H. bisulcus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em"><i><a href="/wiki/Brocket_deer" title="Brocket deer">Mazama</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Red_brocket" title="Red brocket">Red brocket (<i>M. americana</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Small_red_brocket" title="Small red brocket">Small red brocket (<i>M. bororo</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merida_brocket" class="mw-redirect" title="Merida brocket">Merida brocket (<i>M. bricenii</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dwarf_brocket" title="Dwarf brocket">Dwarf brocket (<i>M. chunyi</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gray_brocket" title="Gray brocket">Gray brocket (<i>M. gouazoubira</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pygmy_brocket" title="Pygmy brocket">Pygmy brocket (<i>M. nana</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazonian_brown_brocket" title="Amazonian brown brocket">Amazonian brown brocket (<i>M. nemorivaga</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_red_brocket" title="Little red brocket">Little red brocket (<i>M. rufina</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_American_red_brocket" title="Central American red brocket">Central American red brocket (<i>M. temama</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em"><i><a href="/wiki/Pampas_deer" title="Pampas deer">Ozotoceros</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pampas_deer" title="Pampas deer">Pampas deer (<i>O. bezoarticus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em"><i><a href="/wiki/Marsh_deer" title="Marsh deer">Blastocerus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marsh_deer" title="Marsh deer">Marsh deer (<i>B. dichotomus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em"><i><a href="/wiki/Pudu" title="Pudu">Pudu</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northern_pudu" title="Northern pudu">Northern pudu (<i>P. mephistophiles</i>)</a>?</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_pudu" title="Southern pudu">Southern pudu (<i>P. pudu</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em"><i><a href="/wiki/Pudella" class="mw-redirect" title="Pudella">Pudella</a></i>?</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pudella_carlae" title="Pudella carlae">Peruvian Yungas pudu (<i>P. carlae</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_pudu" title="Northern pudu">Northern pudu (<i>P. mephistophiles</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em"><i><a href="/wiki/Odocoileus" title="Odocoileus">Odocoileus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mule_deer" title="Mule deer">Mule deer (<i>O. hemionus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yucatan_brown_brocket" title="Yucatan brown brocket">Yucatan brown brocket (<i>O. pandora</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White-tailed_deer" title="White-tailed deer">White-tailed deer (<i>O. virginianus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Family_Bovidae" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="nobold">Family <a href="/wiki/Bovidae" title="Bovidae">Bovidae</a></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Grazing_antelope" title="Grazing antelope">Hippotraginae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em"><i><a href="/wiki/Hippotragus" title="Hippotragus">Hippotragus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roan_antelope" title="Roan antelope">Roan antelope (<i>H. equinus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sable_antelope" title="Sable antelope">Sable antelope (<i>H. niger</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em"><i><a href="/wiki/Oryx" title="Oryx">Oryx</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/East_African_oryx" title="East African oryx">East African oryx (<i>O. beisa</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scimitar_oryx" title="Scimitar oryx">Scimitar oryx (<i>O. dammah</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gemsbok" title="Gemsbok">Gemsbok (<i>O. gazella</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabian_oryx" title="Arabian oryx">Arabian oryx (<i>O. leucoryx</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em"><i><a href="/wiki/Addax" title="Addax">Addax</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Addax" title="Addax">Addax (<i>A. nasomaculatus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Reduncinae" title="Reduncinae">Reduncinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em"><i><a href="/wiki/Kobus_(antelope)" title="Kobus (antelope)">Kobus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Waterbuck" title="Waterbuck">Waterbuck (<i>K. ellipsiprymnus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kob" title="Kob">Kob (<i>K. kob</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lechwe" title="Lechwe">Lechwe (<i>K. leche</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nile_lechwe" title="Nile lechwe">Nile lechwe (<i>K. megaceros</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puku" title="Puku">Puku (<i>K. vardonii</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em"><i><a href="/wiki/Reedbuck" title="Reedbuck">Redunca</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Southern_reedbuck" title="Southern reedbuck">Southern reedbuck (<i>R. arundinum</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_reedbuck" title="Mountain reedbuck">Mountain reedbuck (<i>R. fulvorufula</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bohor_reedbuck" title="Bohor reedbuck">Bohor reedbuck (<i>R. redunca</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Impala" title="Impala">Aepycerotinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Aepyceros" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em"><i><a href="/wiki/Impala" title="Impala">Aepyceros</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impala" title="Impala">Impala (<i>A. melampus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Grey_rhebok" title="Grey rhebok">Peleinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Pelea" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em"><i><a href="/wiki/Grey_rhebok" title="Grey rhebok">Pelea</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grey_rhebok" title="Grey rhebok">Grey rhebok (<i>P. capreolus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Alcelaphinae" title="Alcelaphinae">Alcelaphinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em"><i><a href="/wiki/Hirola" title="Hirola">Beatragus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hirola" title="Hirola">Hirola (<i>B. hunteri</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em"><i><a href="/wiki/Damaliscus" title="Damaliscus">Damaliscus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Damaliscus_lunatus" title="Damaliscus lunatus">Common tsessebe (<i>D. lunatus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bontebok" title="Bontebok">Bontebok (<i>D. pygargus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em"><i><a href="/wiki/Hartebeest" title="Hartebeest">Alcelaphus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hartebeest" title="Hartebeest">Hartebeest (<i>A. buselaphus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em"><i><a href="/wiki/Wildebeest" title="Wildebeest">Connochaetes</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_wildebeest" title="Black wildebeest">Black wildebeest (<i>C. gnou</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_wildebeest" title="Blue wildebeest">Blue wildebeest (<i>C. taurinus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_antelope" title="Tibetan antelope">Pantholopinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Pantholops" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em"><i><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_antelope" title="Tibetan antelope">Pantholops</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_antelope" title="Tibetan antelope">Tibetan antelope (<i>P. hodgsonii</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Caprinae" title="Caprinae">Caprinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">Large subfamily listed below</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bovinae" title="Bovinae">Bovinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">Large subfamily listed below</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Antilopinae" title="Antilopinae">Antilopinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">Large subfamily listed below</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Family_Bovidae_(subfamily_Caprinae)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="nobold">Family <a href="/wiki/Bovidae" title="Bovidae">Bovidae</a> (subfamily <a href="/wiki/Caprinae" title="Caprinae">Caprinae</a>)</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.5em"><i><a href="/wiki/Barbary_sheep" title="Barbary sheep">Ammotragus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barbary_sheep" title="Barbary sheep">Barbary sheep (<i>A. lervia</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.5em"><i><a href="/wiki/Arabian_tahr" title="Arabian tahr">Arabitragus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arabian_tahr" title="Arabian tahr">Arabian tahr (<i>A. jayakari</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.5em"><i><a href="/wiki/Takin" title="Takin">Budorcas</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Takin" title="Takin">Takin (<i>B. taxicolor</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.5em"><i><a href="/wiki/Capra_(genus)" title="Capra (genus)">Capra</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wild_goat" title="Wild goat">Wild goat (<i>C. aegagrus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Caucasian_tur" title="West Caucasian tur">West Caucasian tur (<i>C. caucasia</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Caucasian_tur" title="East Caucasian tur">East Caucasian tur (<i>C. cylindricornis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Markhor" title="Markhor">Markhor (<i>C. falconeri</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goat" title="Goat">Domestic goat (<i>C. hircus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpine_ibex" title="Alpine ibex">Alpine ibex (<i>C. ibex</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nubian_ibex" title="Nubian ibex">Nubian ibex (<i>C. nubiana</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iberian_ibex" title="Iberian ibex">Iberian ibex (<i>C. pyrenaica</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siberian_ibex" title="Siberian ibex">Siberian ibex (<i>C. sibirica</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walia_ibex" title="Walia ibex">Walia ibex (<i>C. walie</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.5em"><i><a href="/wiki/Serow" title="Serow">Capricornis</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_serow" title="Japanese serow">Japanese serow (<i>C. crispus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_serow" title="Red serow">Red serow (<i>C. rubidus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mainland_serow" title="Mainland serow">Mainland serow (<i>C. sumatraensis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwan_serow" title="Taiwan serow">Taiwan serow (<i>C. swinhoei</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.5em"><i><a href="/wiki/Tahr" title="Tahr">Hemitragus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Himalayan_tahr" title="Himalayan tahr">Himalayan tahr (<i>H. jemlahicus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.5em"><i><a href="/wiki/Goral" title="Goral">Naemorhedus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Red_goral" title="Red goral">Red goral (<i>N. baileyi</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long-tailed_goral" title="Long-tailed goral">Long-tailed goral (<i>N. caudatus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Himalayan_goral" title="Himalayan goral">Himalayan goral (<i>N. goral</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_goral" title="Chinese goral">Chinese goral (<i>N. griseus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.5em"><i><a href="/wiki/Mountain_goat" title="Mountain goat">Oreamnos</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_goat" title="Mountain goat">Mountain goat (<i>O. americanus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.5em"><i><a href="/wiki/Muskox" title="Muskox">Ovibos</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Muskox" title="Muskox">Muskox (<i>O. moschatus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.5em"><i><a href="/wiki/Nilgiri_tahr" title="Nilgiri tahr">Nilgiritragus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nilgiri_tahr" title="Nilgiri tahr">Nilgiri tahr (<i>N. hylocrius</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.5em"><i><a href="/wiki/Ovis" title="Ovis">Ovis</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Argali" title="Argali">Argali (<i>O. ammon</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheep" title="Sheep">Domestic sheep (<i>O. aries</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bighorn_sheep" title="Bighorn sheep">Bighorn sheep (<i>O. canadensis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dall_sheep" title="Dall sheep">Dall sheep (<i>O. dalli</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mouflon" title="Mouflon">Mouflon (<i>O. gmelini</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snow_sheep" title="Snow sheep">Snow sheep (<i>O. nivicola</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urial" title="Urial">Urial (<i>O. vignei</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.5em"><i><a href="/wiki/Pseudois" class="mw-redirect" title="Pseudois">Pseudois</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bharal" title="Bharal">Bharal (<i>P. nayaur</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.5em"><i><a href="/wiki/Rupicapra" title="Rupicapra">Rupicapra</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pyrenean_chamois" title="Pyrenean chamois">Pyrenean chamois (<i>R. pyrenaica</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamois" title="Chamois">Chamois (<i>R. rupicapra</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Family_Bovidae_(subfamily_Bovinae)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="nobold">Family <a href="/wiki/Bovidae" title="Bovidae">Bovidae</a> (subfamily <a href="/wiki/Bovinae" title="Bovinae">Bovinae</a>)</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Boselaphini" title="Boselaphini">Boselaphini</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><i><a href="/wiki/Four-horned_antelope" title="Four-horned antelope">Tetracerus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Four-horned_antelope" title="Four-horned antelope">Four-horned antelope (<i>T. quadricornis</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><i><a href="/wiki/Nilgai" title="Nilgai">Boselaphus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nilgai" title="Nilgai">Nilgai (<i>B. tragocamelus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bovini" title="Bovini">Bovini</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><i><a href="/wiki/Bubalus" title="Bubalus">Bubalus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wild_water_buffalo" title="Wild water buffalo">Wild water buffalo (<i>B. arnee</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_buffalo" title="Water buffalo">Domestic water buffalo (<i>B. bubalis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lowland_anoa" title="Lowland anoa">Lowland anoa (<i>B. depressicornis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamaraw" title="Tamaraw">Tamaraw (<i>B. mindorensis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_anoa" title="Mountain anoa">Mountain anoa (<i>B. quarlesi</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><i><a href="/wiki/Bos" title="Bos">Bos</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_bison" title="American bison">American bison (<i>B. bison</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_bison" title="European bison">European bison (<i>B. bonasus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bali_cattle" title="Bali cattle">Bali cattle (<i>B. domesticus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gayal" title="Gayal">Gayal (<i>B. frontalis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaur" title="Gaur">Gaur (<i>B. gaurus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yak" title="Yak">Domestic yak (<i>B. grunniens</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zebu" title="Zebu">Zebu (<i>B. indicus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banteng" title="Banteng">Banteng (<i>B. javanicus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wild_yak" title="Wild yak">Wild yak (<i>B. mutus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cattle" title="Cattle">Cattle (<i>B. taurus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><i><a href="/wiki/Saola" title="Saola">Pseudoryx</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saola" title="Saola">Saola (<i>P. nghetinhensis</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><i><a href="/wiki/African_buffalo" title="African buffalo">Syncerus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_buffalo" title="African buffalo">African buffalo (<i>S. caffer</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tragelaphini" title="Tragelaphini">Tragelaphini</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><i><a href="/wiki/Tragelaphus" title="Tragelaphus">Tragelaphus</a></i><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span class="nobold">(including <a href="/wiki/Kudu" title="Kudu">kudus</a>)</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nyala" title="Nyala">Nyala (<i>T. angasii</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_nyala" title="Mountain nyala">Mountain nyala (<i>T. buxtoni</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bongo_(antelope)" title="Bongo (antelope)">Bongo (<i>T. eurycerus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesser_kudu" title="Lesser kudu">Lesser kudu (<i>T. imberbis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harnessed_bushbuck" title="Harnessed bushbuck">Harnessed bushbuck (<i>T. scriptus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sitatunga" title="Sitatunga">Sitatunga (<i>T. spekeii</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_kudu" title="Greater kudu">Greater kudu (<i>T. strepsiceros</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_bushbuck" title="Cape bushbuck">Cape bushbuck (<i>T. sylvaticus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><i><a href="/wiki/Taurotragus" title="Taurotragus">Taurotragus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Giant_eland" title="Giant eland">Giant eland (<i>T. derbianus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_eland" title="Common eland">Common eland (<i>T. oryx</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Family_Bovidae_(subfamily_Antilopinae)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="nobold">Family <a href="/wiki/Bovidae" title="Bovidae">Bovidae</a> (subfamily <a href="/wiki/Antilopinae" title="Antilopinae">Antilopinae</a>)</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Antilopini" title="Antilopini">Antilopini</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><i><a href="/wiki/Dibatag" title="Dibatag">Ammodorcas</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dibatag" title="Dibatag">Dibatag (<i>A. clarkei</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><i><a href="/wiki/Springbok" title="Springbok">Antidorcas</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Springbok" title="Springbok">Springbok (<i>A. marsupialis</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><i><a href="/wiki/Blackbuck" title="Blackbuck">Antilope</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blackbuck" title="Blackbuck">Blackbuck (<i>A. cervicapra</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><i><a href="/wiki/Eudorcas" title="Eudorcas">Eudorcas</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mongalla_gazelle" title="Mongalla gazelle">Mongalla gazelle (<i>E. albonotata</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red-fronted_gazelle" title="Red-fronted gazelle">Red-fronted gazelle (<i>E. rufifrons</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomson%27s_gazelle" title="Thomson's gazelle">Thomson's gazelle (<i>E. thomsonii</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heuglin%27s_gazelle" title="Heuglin's gazelle">Heuglin's gazelle (<i>E. tilonura</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><i><a href="/wiki/Gazelle" title="Gazelle">Gazella</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinkara" title="Chinkara">Chinkara (<i>G. bennettii</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuvier%27s_gazelle" title="Cuvier's gazelle">Cuvier's gazelle (<i>G. cuvieri</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorcas_gazelle" title="Dorcas gazelle">Dorcas gazelle (<i>G. dorcas</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erlanger%27s_gazelle" title="Erlanger's gazelle">Erlanger's gazelle (<i>G. erlangeri</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_gazelle" title="Mountain gazelle">Mountain gazelle (<i>G. gazella</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhim_gazelle" title="Rhim gazelle">Rhim gazelle (<i>G. leptoceros</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speke%27s_gazelle" title="Speke's gazelle">Speke's gazelle (<i>G. spekei</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goitered_gazelle" title="Goitered gazelle">Goitered gazelle (<i>G. subgutturosa</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><i><a href="/wiki/Gerenuk" title="Gerenuk">Litocranius</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gerenuk" title="Gerenuk">Gerenuk (<i>L. walleri</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><i><a href="/wiki/Nanger" title="Nanger">Nanger</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dama_gazelle" title="Dama gazelle">Dama gazelle (<i>N. dama</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grant%27s_gazelle" title="Grant's gazelle">Grant's gazelle (<i>N. granti</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bright%27s_gazelle" class="mw-redirect" title="Bright's gazelle">Bright's gazelle (<i>N. notatus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter%27s_gazelle" class="mw-redirect" title="Peter's gazelle">Peter's gazelle (<i>N. petersii</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soemmerring%27s_gazelle" title="Soemmerring's gazelle">Soemmerring's gazelle (<i>N. soemmerringii</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><i><a href="/wiki/Procapra" title="Procapra">Procapra</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_gazelle" title="Mongolian gazelle">Mongolian gazelle (<i>P. gutturosa</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goa_(antelope)" title="Goa (antelope)">Goa (<i>P. picticaudata</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Przewalski%27s_gazelle" title="Przewalski's gazelle">Przewalski's gazelle (<i>P. przewalskii</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Saigini</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Saiga" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><i><a href="/wiki/Saiga_antelope" title="Saiga antelope">Saiga</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saiga_antelope" title="Saiga antelope">Saiga antelope (<i>S. tatarica</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Neotragini" title="Neotragini">Neotragini</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><i><a href="/wiki/Beira_(antelope)" title="Beira (antelope)">Dorcatragus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beira_(antelope)" title="Beira (antelope)">Beira (<i>D. megalotis</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><i><a href="/wiki/Dik-dik" title="Dik-dik">Madoqua</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCnther%27s_dik-dik" title="Günther's dik-dik">Günther's dik-dik (<i>M. guentheri</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirk%27s_dik-dik" title="Kirk's dik-dik">Kirk's dik-dik (<i>M. kirkii</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silver_dik-dik" title="Silver dik-dik">Silver dik-dik (<i>M. piacentinii</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salt%27s_dik-dik" title="Salt's dik-dik">Salt's dik-dik (<i>M. saltiana</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><i><a href="/wiki/Neotragus" title="Neotragus">Neotragus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Royal_antelope" title="Royal antelope">Royal antelope (<i>N. pygmaeus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><i><a href="/wiki/Nesotragus" title="Nesotragus">Nesotragus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bates%27s_pygmy_antelope" title="Bates's pygmy antelope">Bates' pygmy antelope (<i>N. batesi</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suni" title="Suni">Suni (<i>N. moschatus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><i><a href="/wiki/Klipspringer" title="Klipspringer">Oreotragus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Klipspringer" title="Klipspringer">Klipspringer (<i>O. oreotragus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><i><a href="/wiki/Oribi" title="Oribi">Ourebia</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oribi" title="Oribi">Oribi (<i>O. ourebi</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><i><a href="/wiki/Raphicerus" title="Raphicerus">Raphicerus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Steenbok" title="Steenbok">Steenbok (<i>R. campestris</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_grysbok" title="Cape grysbok">Cape grysbok (<i>R. melanotis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharpe%27s_grysbok" title="Sharpe's grysbok">Sharpe's grysbok (<i>R. sharpei</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Duiker" title="Duiker">Cephalophini</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><i><a href="/wiki/Duiker" title="Duiker">Cephalophus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aders%27s_duiker" title="Aders's duiker">Aders's duiker (<i>C. adersi</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brooke%27s_duiker" title="Brooke's duiker">Brooke's duiker (<i>C. brookei</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peters%27s_duiker" title="Peters's duiker">Peters' duiker (<i>C. callipygus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White-legged_duiker" title="White-legged duiker">White-legged duiker (<i>C. crusalbum</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bay_duiker" title="Bay duiker">Bay duiker (<i>C. dorsalis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harvey%27s_duiker" title="Harvey's duiker">Harvey's duiker (<i>C. harveyi</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jentink%27s_duiker" title="Jentink's duiker">Jentink's duiker (<i>C. jentinki</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White-bellied_duiker" title="White-bellied duiker">White-bellied duiker (<i>C. leucogaster</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_forest_duiker" title="Red forest duiker">Red forest duiker (<i>C. natalensis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_duiker" title="Black duiker">Black duiker (<i>C. niger</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black-fronted_duiker" title="Black-fronted duiker">Black-fronted duiker (<i>C. nigrifrons</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ogilby%27s_duiker" title="Ogilby's duiker">Ogilby's duiker (<i>C. ogilbyi</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruwenzori_duiker" title="Ruwenzori duiker">Ruwenzori duiker (<i>C. rubidis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red-flanked_duiker" title="Red-flanked duiker">Red-flanked duiker (<i>C. rufilatus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yellow-backed_duiker" title="Yellow-backed duiker">Yellow-backed duiker (<i>C. silvicultor</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abbott%27s_duiker" title="Abbott's duiker">Abbott's duiker (<i>C. spadix</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weyns%27s_duiker" title="Weyns's duiker">Weyns's duiker (<i>C. weynsi</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zebra_duiker" title="Zebra duiker">Zebra duiker (<i>C. zebra</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><i><a href="/wiki/Duiker" title="Duiker">Philantomba</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blue_duiker" title="Blue duiker">Blue duiker (<i>P. monticola</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maxwell%27s_duiker" title="Maxwell's duiker">Maxwell's duiker (<i>P. maxwellii</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter%27s_duiker" title="Walter's duiker">Walter's duiker (<i>P. walteri</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><i><a href="/wiki/Common_duiker" title="Common duiker">Sylvicapra</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Common_duiker" title="Common duiker">Common duiker (<i>S. grimmia</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Suborder_Suina" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Suborder <a href="/wiki/Suina" title="Suina">Suina</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Suidae" title="Suidae">Suidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.5em"><i><a href="/wiki/Babirusa" title="Babirusa">Babyrousa</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buru_babirusa" title="Buru babirusa">Buru babirusa (<i>B. babyrussa</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Sulawesi_babirusa" title="North Sulawesi babirusa">North Sulawesi babirusa (<i>B. celebensis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Togian_babirusa" title="Togian babirusa">Togian babirusa (<i>B. togeanensis</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.5em"><i><a href="/wiki/Giant_forest_hog" title="Giant forest hog">Hylochoerus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Giant_forest_hog" title="Giant forest hog">Giant forest hog (<i>H. meinertzhageni</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.5em"><i><a href="/wiki/Phacochoerus" class="mw-redirect" title="Phacochoerus">Phacochoerus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Desert_warthog" title="Desert warthog">Desert warthog (<i>P. aethiopicus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_warthog" title="Common warthog">Common warthog (<i>P. africanus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.5em"><i><a href="/wiki/Pygmy_hog" title="Pygmy hog">Porcula</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pygmy_hog" title="Pygmy hog">Pygmy hog (<i>P. salvania</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.5em"><i><a href="/wiki/Potamochoerus" title="Potamochoerus">Potamochoerus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bushpig" title="Bushpig">Bushpig (<i>P. larvatus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_river_hog" title="Red river hog">Red river hog (<i>P. porcus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.5em"><i><a href="/wiki/Sus_(genus)" title="Sus (genus)">Sus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Palawan_bearded_pig" title="Palawan bearded pig">Palawan bearded pig (<i>S. ahoenobarbus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bornean_bearded_pig" title="Bornean bearded pig">Bornean bearded pig (<i>S. barbatus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visayan_warty_pig" title="Visayan warty pig">Visayan warty pig (<i>S. cebifrons</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celebes_warty_pig" title="Celebes warty pig">Celebes warty pig (<i>S. celebensis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pig" title="Pig">Domestic pig (<i>S. domesticus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flores_warty_pig" title="Flores warty pig">Flores warty pig (<i>S. heureni</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oliver%27s_warty_pig" title="Oliver's warty pig">Oliver's warty pig (<i>S. oliveri</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_warty_pig" title="Philippine warty pig">Philippine warty pig (<i>S. philippensis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wild_boar" title="Wild boar">Wild boar (<i>S. scrofa</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timor_warty_pig" title="Timor warty pig">Timor warty pig (<i>S. timoriensis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Javan_warty_pig" title="Javan warty pig">Javan warty pig (<i>S. verrucosus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Peccary" title="Peccary">Tayassuidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.5em"><i><a href="/wiki/White-lipped_peccary" title="White-lipped peccary">Tayassu</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/White-lipped_peccary" title="White-lipped peccary">White-lipped peccary (<i>T. pecari</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.5em"><i><a href="/wiki/Chacoan_peccary" title="Chacoan peccary">Catagonus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chacoan_peccary" title="Chacoan peccary">Chacoan peccary (<i>C. wagneri</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.5em"><i><a href="/wiki/Collared_peccary" title="Collared peccary">Dicotyles</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Collared_peccary" title="Collared peccary">Collared peccary (<i>D. tajacu</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncollapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Suborder_Tylopoda" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Suborder <a href="/wiki/Tylopoda" title="Tylopoda">Tylopoda</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Camelidae" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em"><a href="/wiki/Camelidae" title="Camelidae">Camelidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em"><i><a href="/wiki/Lama_(genus)" title="Lama (genus)">Lama</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Llama" title="Llama">Llama (<i>L. glama</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guanaco" title="Guanaco">Guanaco (<i>L. guanicoe</i>)</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Alpaca (<i>L. pacos</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vicu%C3%B1a" title="Vicuña">Vicuña (<i>L. vicugna</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em"><i><a href="/wiki/Camel" title="Camel">Camelus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bactrian_camel" title="Bactrian camel">Domestic Bactrian camel (<i>C. bactrianus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dromedary" title="Dromedary">Dromedary/Arabian camel (<i>C. dromedarius</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wild_Bactrian_camel" title="Wild Bactrian camel">Wild Bactrian camel (<i>C. ferus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Suborder_Whippomorpha" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Suborder <a href="/wiki/Whippomorpha" title="Whippomorpha">Whippomorpha</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em"><a href="/wiki/Hippopotamidae" title="Hippopotamidae">Hippopotamidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em"><i><a href="/wiki/Hippopotamus_(genus)" title="Hippopotamus (genus)">Hippopotamus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hippopotamus" title="Hippopotamus">Hippopotamus (<i>H. amphibius</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em"><i><a href="/wiki/Pygmy_hippopotamus" title="Pygmy hippopotamus">Choeropsis</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pygmy_hippopotamus" title="Pygmy hippopotamus">Pygmy hippopotamus (<i>C. liberiensis</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em"><a href="/wiki/Cetacea" title="Cetacea">Cetacea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>see <a href="/wiki/Template:Cetacea" title="Template:Cetacea">Cetacea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Camelidae" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Camelidae" title="Template:Camelidae"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Camelidae" title="Template talk:Camelidae"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Camelidae" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Camelidae"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Camelidae" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Camelidae" title="Camelidae">Camelidae</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Camel" title="Camel">Afro-Asiatic camelids</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bactrian_camel" title="Bactrian camel">Bactrian camel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dromedary" title="Dromedary">Dromedary</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Australian_feral_camel" title="Australian feral camel">Australia populations</a>)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wild_Bactrian_camel" title="Wild Bactrian camel">Wild Bactrian camel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lamini" title="Lamini">South American camelids</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Alpaca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chilihueque" title="Chilihueque">Chilihueque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guanaco" title="Guanaco">Guanaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llama" title="Llama">Llama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vicu%C3%B1a" title="Vicuña">Vicuña</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hybrid_(biology)" title="Hybrid (biology)">Hybrids</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cama_(animal)" title="Cama (animal)">Cama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hybrid_camel" title="Hybrid camel">Bukht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huarizo" title="Huarizo">Huarizo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Fibers" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#e7dac1"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Fibers" title="Template:Fibers"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Fibers" title="Template talk:Fibers"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Fibers" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Fibers"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Fibers" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Fiber" title="Fiber">Fibers</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#e7dac1;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Natural_fiber" title="Natural fiber">Natural</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#ecdfc8;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fiber_crop" title="Fiber crop">Plant</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abac%C3%A1" title="Abacá">Abacá</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bagasse" title="Bagasse">Bagasse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bamboo_textile" title="Bamboo textile">Bamboo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musa_basjoo" title="Musa basjoo">Bashō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coir" title="Coir">Coir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cotton" title="Cotton">Cotton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fique" title="Fique">Fique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flax" title="Flax">Flax</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Linen" title="Linen">Linen</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemp" title="Hemp">Hemp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jute" title="Jute">Jute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceiba_pentandra" title="Ceiba pentandra">Kapok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenaf" title="Kenaf">Kenaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lotus_silk" title="Lotus silk">Lotus silk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pi%C3%B1a" title="Piña">Piña</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegetable_flannel" title="Vegetable flannel">Pine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raffia_palm" title="Raffia palm">Raffia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramie" title="Ramie">Ramie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rattan" title="Rattan">Rattan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sisal" title="Sisal">Sisal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wood_fibre" title="Wood fibre">Wood</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#ecdfc8;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Animal_fiber" title="Animal fiber">Animal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alpaca_fiber" title="Alpaca fiber">Alpaca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angora_wool" title="Angora wool">Angora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byssus" title="Byssus">Byssus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camel_hair" title="Camel hair">Camel hair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cashmere_wool" title="Cashmere wool">Cashmere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catgut" title="Catgut">Catgut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chiengora" title="Chiengora">Chiengora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guanaco#Guanaco_fiber" title="Guanaco">Guanaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hair" title="Hair">Hair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llama#Fiber" title="Llama">Llama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohair" title="Mohair">Mohair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pashmina_(material)" title="Pashmina (material)">Pashmina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qiviut" title="Qiviut">Qiviut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabbit_hair" title="Rabbit hair">Rabbit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silk" title="Silk">Silk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tendon" title="Tendon">Tendon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spider_silk" title="Spider silk">Spider silk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wool" title="Wool">Wool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vicu%C3%B1a#Vicuña_wool" title="Vicuña">Vicuña</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yak_fiber" title="Yak fiber">Yak</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#ecdfc8;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mineral_fiber" class="mw-redirect" title="Mineral fiber">Mineral</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asbestos" title="Asbestos">Asbestos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#e7dac1;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fiber#Chemical" title="Fiber">Synthetic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#ecdfc8;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Regenerated_fiber" class="mw-redirect" title="Regenerated fiber">Regenerated</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Artificial_silk" title="Artificial silk">Artificial silk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milk_fiber" title="Milk fiber">Milk fiber</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#ecdfc8;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Semi-synthetic_fiber" class="mw-redirect" title="Semi-synthetic fiber">Semi-synthetic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cellulose_acetate" title="Cellulose acetate">Acetate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cellulose_diacetate" title="Cellulose diacetate">Diacetate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyocell" title="Lyocell">Lyocell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modal_(textile)" class="mw-redirect" title="Modal (textile)">Modal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pi%C3%B1atex" title="Piñatex">Piñatex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rayon" title="Rayon">Rayon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cellulose_triacetate" title="Cellulose triacetate">Triacetate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#ecdfc8;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mineral_fiber" class="mw-redirect" title="Mineral fiber">Mineral</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glass_fiber" title="Glass fiber">Glass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbon_fibers" title="Carbon fibers">Carbon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boron_fiber" title="Boron fiber">Boron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basalt_fiber" title="Basalt fiber">Basalt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metallic_fiber" title="Metallic fiber">Metallic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#ecdfc8;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fiber#Polymer_fibers" title="Fiber">Polymer</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acrylic_fiber" title="Acrylic fiber">Acrylic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aramid" title="Aramid">Aramid</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Twaron" title="Twaron">Twaron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kevlar" title="Kevlar">Kevlar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technora" title="Technora">Technora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nomex" title="Nomex">Nomex</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microfiber" title="Microfiber">Microfiber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modacrylic" title="Modacrylic">Modacrylic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nylon" title="Nylon">Nylon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olefin_fiber" title="Olefin fiber">Olefin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polyester" title="Polyester">Polyester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polyethylene" title="Polyethylene">Polyethylene</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ultra-high-molecular-weight_polyethylene" title="Ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene">UHMWPE</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spandex" title="Spandex">Spandex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vectran" title="Vectran">Vectran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vinylon" title="Vinylon">Vinylon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vinyon" title="Vinyon">Vinyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zylon" title="Zylon">Zylon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#e7dac1"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Fibers" title="Category:Fibers">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Fibers" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Fibers">Commons</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Taxon_identifiers" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Taxon_identifiers" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Taxon_identifiers" title="Help:Taxon identifiers">Taxon identifiers</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><i>Vicugna pacos</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q122181742" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q122181742">Q122181742</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikispecies" title="Wikispecies">Wikispecies</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Lama_pacos" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Lama pacos">Lama pacos</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Animal_Diversity_Web" title="Animal Diversity Web">ADW</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Lama_pacos/">Lama_pacos</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">BioLib: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biolib.cz/en/taxon/id33506">33506</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Catalogue_of_Life" title="Catalogue of Life">CoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/5BD72">5BD72</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_of_Life" title="Encyclopedia of Life">EoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eol.org/pages/309015">309015</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Global_Biodiversity_Information_Facility" title="Global Biodiversity Information Facility">GBIF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gbif.org/species/7515593">7515593</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/INaturalist" title="INaturalist">iNaturalist</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://inaturalist.org/taxa/119406">119406</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Taxonomic_Information_System" title="Integrated Taxonomic Information System">ITIS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=898279">898279</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/American_Society_of_Mammalogists#Mammal_Diversity_Database" title="American Society of Mammalogists">MDD</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1006387">1006387</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information" title="National Center for Biotechnology Information">NCBI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&id=30538">30538</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">NZOR: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nzor.org.nz/names/d78ee3bd-bc3b-4b77-ae1a-41deae429676">d78ee3bd-bc3b-4b77-ae1a-41deae429676</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Observation.org" title="Observation.org">Observation.org</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://observation.org/species/84271/">84271</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Open_Tree_of_Life" title="Open Tree of Life">Open Tree of Life</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tree.opentreeoflife.org/taxonomy/browse?id=906301">906301</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tierstimmenarchiv" class="extiw" title="de:Tierstimmenarchiv">TSA</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tierstimmen.org/en/database?field_spec_species_target_id_selective=8925">8925</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><i>Vicugna pacos</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81564" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q81564">Q81564</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikispecies" title="Wikispecies">Wikispecies</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Lama_pacos" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Lama pacos">Lama pacos</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Animal_Diversity_Web" title="Animal Diversity Web">ADW</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Lama_pacos/">Lama_pacos</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">BioLib: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biolib.cz/en/taxon/id33506">33506</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Catalogue_of_Life" title="Catalogue of Life">CoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/5BD72">5BD72</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_of_Life" title="Encyclopedia of Life">EoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eol.org/pages/309015">309015</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Global_Biodiversity_Information_Facility" title="Global Biodiversity Information Facility">GBIF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gbif.org/species/7515593">7515593</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/INaturalist" title="INaturalist">iNaturalist</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://inaturalist.org/taxa/119406">119406</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Taxonomic_Information_System" title="Integrated Taxonomic Information System">ITIS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=898279">898279</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/American_Society_of_Mammalogists#Mammal_Diversity_Database" title="American Society of Mammalogists">MDD</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1006387">1006387</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information" title="National Center for Biotechnology Information">NCBI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&id=30538">30538</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">NZOR: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nzor.org.nz/names/d78ee3bd-bc3b-4b77-ae1a-41deae429676">d78ee3bd-bc3b-4b77-ae1a-41deae429676</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Observation.org" title="Observation.org">Observation.org</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://observation.org/species/84271/">84271</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Open_Tree_of_Life" title="Open Tree of Life">Open Tree of Life</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tree.opentreeoflife.org/taxonomy/browse?id=906301">906301</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tierstimmenarchiv" class="extiw" title="de:Tierstimmenarchiv">TSA</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tierstimmen.org/en/database?field_spec_species_target_id_selective=8925">8925</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><i>Camelus pacos</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q122181781" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q122181781">Q122181781</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Global_Biodiversity_Information_Facility" title="Global Biodiversity Information Facility">GBIF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gbif.org/species/9448069">9448069</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/ZooBank" title="ZooBank">ZooBank</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zoobank.org/NomenclaturalActs/D47C8242-68BA-434F-899B-5A2EFB931118">D47C8242-68BA-434F-899B-5A2EFB931118</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4141991-1">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Alpaca"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85003800">United States</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Alpaga (mammifère)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb146296360">France</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Alpaga (mammifère)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb146296360">BnF data</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/01168746">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="lama alpaka"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph858660&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007294758905171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alpaca&oldid=1241949407">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alpaca&oldid=1241949407</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Domesticated_animals" title="Category:Domesticated animals">Domesticated animals</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Alpacas" title="Category:Alpacas">Alpacas</a></li><li><a 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