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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p>The <b>Office of Defense Mobilization</b> (ODM) was an <a href="/wiki/Independent_agencies_of_the_United_States_government" title="Independent agencies of the United States government">independent agency</a> of the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> government whose function was to plan, coordinate, direct and control all wartime <a href="/wiki/Mobilization" title="Mobilization">mobilization</a> activities of the federal government, including manpower, economic stabilization, and transport operations. It was established in 1950, and for three years was one of the most powerful agencies in the federal government. It merged with other agencies in 1958 to become the <a href="/wiki/Office_of_Civil_and_Defense_Mobilization" title="Office of Civil and Defense Mobilization">Office of Civil and Defense Mobilization</a> (1958–1961). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Office_of_Defense_Mobilization&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President</a> <a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Franklin D. Roosevelt</a>'s pre-war mobilization efforts had been resisted by <a href="/wiki/Congress_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Congress of the United States">Congress</a>, and lacked coordination. One of the most important lessons the federal government drew from World War II was that the nation needed a permanent, rationalized mobilization apparatus. The nature of nuclear war, in which mobilization would occur in weeks rather than months, made the establishment of a mobilization structure even more imperative.<sup id="cite_ref-Vawter_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vawter-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Hogan_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hogan-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Kaufman_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kaufman-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/National_Security_Act_of_1947" title="National Security Act of 1947">National Security Act of 1947</a> established this new mobilization structure. It authorized the creation of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_National_Security_Council" title="United States National Security Council">National Security Council</a> (NSC) and the <a href="/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Central Intelligence Agency">Central Intelligence Agency</a>, merged the Departments of War (Army and Air Force) and Navy into the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Defense" title="United States Department of Defense">Department of Defense</a> (DOD), and established the nation's first mobilization agency, the <a href="/wiki/National_Security_Resources_Board" title="National Security Resources Board">National Security Resources Board</a> (NSRB). The Act restricted DOD to the employment of military power and placed mobilization responsibilities with the NSRB.<sup id="cite_ref-Vawter_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vawter-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Hogan_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hogan-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Kaufman_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kaufman-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Orbis_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Orbis-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By 1950, however, the NSRB was dormant and DOD had recaptured authority over military <a href="/wiki/Procurement" title="Procurement">procurement</a>. When <a href="/wiki/North_Korea" title="North Korea">North Korea</a> invaded <a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a> on June 25, 1950, President <a href="/wiki/Harry_S._Truman" title="Harry S. Truman">Harry S. Truman</a> attempted to use the NSRB as the nation's mobilization agency. Truman quadrupled the defense budget to $50 billion, and the NSRB placed controls on prices, wages and raw materials. <a href="/wiki/Inflation" title="Inflation">Inflation</a> soared and shortages in food, consumer goods and housing appeared. By October 1950, inflation had abated and shortages were easing. The intervention of <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> in the Korean War unraveled the administration's mobilization effort. A panicked public began hoarding and the administration accelerated its rearmament plans. Inflation jumped from 1.3 percent to 7.9 percent. By December, public support for the war had fallen significantly, both Truman and his intelligence experts expected World War III to break out by spring, and <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">Senator</a> <a href="/wiki/Joseph_McCarthy" title="Joseph McCarthy">Joseph McCarthy</a> was using the military setbacks in Korea to attack the administration and push his own political agenda.<sup id="cite_ref-Hogan_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hogan-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Kaufman_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kaufman-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-OtherWar_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OtherWar-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BLS_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BLS-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Confronted with the failure of the NSRB, an economy on the verge of collapse, and a mobilization effort which was faltering and unable to meet the needs of accelerated production plans, President Truman declared a national emergency on December 16, 1950. Using the powers granted to him by the <a href="/wiki/Defense_Production_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="Defense Production Act">Defense Production Act</a> (which had been enacted only in September 1950), Truman created the Office of Defense Mobilization.<sup id="cite_ref-Vawter_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vawter-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Hogan_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hogan-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Kaufman_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kaufman-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-OtherWar_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OtherWar-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Structure">Structure</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Office_of_Defense_Mobilization&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Structure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Office of Defense Mobilization was established by <a href="/wiki/Executive_order_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Executive order (United States)">Executive Order</a> 10193 on December 16, 1950. The agency was led by a presidentially-appointed director, who was subject to confirmation by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">Senate</a> and who was a member of the NSC. </p><p>ODM was part of the <a href="/wiki/Executive_Office_of_the_President_of_the_United_States" title="Executive Office of the President of the United States">Executive Office of the President</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ODM consisted of two main organizational components: The <a href="/wiki/Defense_Production_Administration" title="Defense Production Administration">Defense Production Administration</a>, which established production goals and supervised production operations; and the <a href="/wiki/Economic_Stabilization_Agency" title="Economic Stabilization Agency">Economic Stabilization Agency</a>, which coordinated and supervised wage and price controls.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In all, 19 mobilization agencies were eventually created within ODM to control every aspect of the American economy.<sup id="cite_ref-OtherWar_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OtherWar-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Directors">Directors</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Office_of_Defense_Mobilization&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Directors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Name </th> <th>Start </th> <th>End </th> <th colspan="2">President </th></tr> <tr> <td><span data-sort-value="Wilson, Charles"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Edward_Wilson_(businessman)" title="Charles Edward Wilson (businessman)">Charles Wilson</a></span></span></span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000001950-12-16-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">December 16, 1950</span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000001952-03-31-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">March 31, 1952</span> </td> <td rowspan="3" style="background: #3333FF;"> </td> <td rowspan="3"><span data-sort-value="Truman, Harry S."><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Harry_S._Truman" title="Harry S. Truman">Harry S. Truman</a></span></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span data-sort-value="Steelman, John"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/John_R._Steelman" title="John R. Steelman">John Steelman</a></span></span></span><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">Acting</span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000001952-03-31-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">March 31, 1952</span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000001952-09-08-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">September 8, 1952</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span data-sort-value="Fowler, Henry"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Henry_H._Fowler" title="Henry H. Fowler">Henry Fowler</a></span></span></span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000001952-09-08-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">September 8, 1952</span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000001953-01-20-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">January 20, 1953</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span data-sort-value="Flemming, Arthur"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Flemming" title="Arthur Flemming">Arthur Flemming</a></span></span></span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000001953-01-20-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">January 20, 1953</span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000001957-03-14-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">March 14, 1957</span> </td> <td rowspan="2" style="background: #E81B23;"> </td> <td rowspan="2"><span data-sort-value="Eisenhower, Dwight D."><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Dwight D. Eisenhower">Dwight D. Eisenhower</a></span></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span data-sort-value="Gray, Gordon"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Gordon_Gray_(politician)" title="Gordon Gray (politician)">Gordon Gray</a></span></span></span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000001957-03-14-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">March 14, 1957</span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000001958-06-24-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">June 24, 1958</span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Office_of_Defense_Mobilization&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Truman named <a href="/wiki/Charles_Edward_Wilson_(General_Electric_executive)" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles Edward Wilson (General Electric executive)">Charles E. Wilson</a>, president of <a href="/wiki/General_Electric" title="General Electric">General Electric</a> and a government mobilization chief in World War II, to head the ODM. Wilson became one of the most powerful people in the federal government, and the press began calling him "co-president".<sup id="cite_ref-Hogan_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hogan-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Kaufman_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kaufman-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-OtherWar_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OtherWar-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Wilson quickly took control of the economy. All raw materials were under the control of ODM, which rationed them to the civilian economy. Production quotas were set, and businesses ordered to supply the government with goods and services. Companies which failed to meet their production quotas were threatened with seizure by ODM. Companies found to be secretly diverting raw materials to civilian uses were severely punished through the withdrawal of lucrative government contracts, fines, and the imposition of government supervisors on-site at the workplace. Defense plants, concentrated at the time near existing manufacturing centers and where electrical power was plentiful, were dispersed across the <a href="/wiki/Southeastern_United_States" title="Southeastern United States">Southeast</a> and <a href="/wiki/Deep_South" title="Deep South">Deep South</a>. The government restricted investment in new plant equipment so that only investments meeting national security needs were made. Additionally, ODM invested millions of dollars in new plant and equipment to rapidly expand production capacity. Strict price controls were placed on all goods and services, and wages were subject to federal government approval and control. Black marketeers were severely punished with fines and jail sentences.<sup id="cite_ref-Hogan_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hogan-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Kaufman_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kaufman-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Markusen_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Markusen-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Wilson's austerity program worked: By 1951, inflation had fallen back to 1.9 percent, and the economy was no longer threatened with recession.<sup id="cite_ref-BLS_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BLS-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nevertheless, national production capacity continued to lag. In August 1951, additional controls were placed on the economy. Any manufacturer seeking raw materials had to first obtain a permit from ODM before purchasing such materials. ODM also began to control the use of steel for building and automobile production, even significantly restricting the building of public schools to divert additional steel to national defense needs.<sup id="cite_ref-Hogan_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hogan-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Kaufman_3-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kaufman-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ban_on_color_TV">Ban on color TV</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Office_of_Defense_Mobilization&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Ban on color TV"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On October 25, 1951, ODM ordered a halt to the mass production of color <a href="/wiki/Television" title="Television">television</a> sets by <a href="/wiki/CBS" title="CBS">CBS</a>. CBS had developed a color system which was partly mechanical and partly electronic in nature. <a href="/wiki/RCA" title="RCA">RCA</a> had already developed a <a href="/wiki/NTSC" title="NTSC">purely electronic color television system</a>, and was engaged in a long and bitter legal battle with CBS before the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Communications_Commission" title="Federal Communications Commission">Federal Communications Commission</a> (FCC) over which system would be adopted. Although ODM had determined that research on color TV occupied the time of critically needed scientists and technicians, the research also had defense applications and could therefore proceed. However, production of the CBS color TV sets was not essential, and was banned.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The ban on mass production of the CBS color television set led the FCC to choose the RCA system by default in 1953. That system was used in the US until June 12, 2009, when it was succeeded by the ATSC set of standards.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2012)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1952_steel_strike">1952 steel strike</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Office_of_Defense_Mobilization&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: 1952 steel strike"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1951 and 1952, ODM became embroiled in a <a href="/wiki/1952_steel_strike" title="1952 steel strike">steel strike</a> which led to a landmark ruling by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Supreme_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Supreme Court">United States Supreme Court</a>. </p><p>In October 1951, the <a href="/wiki/United_Steelworkers" title="United Steelworkers">United Steel Workers of America</a> (USWA) began negotiating with <a href="/wiki/U.S._Steel" title="U.S. Steel">U.S. Steel</a> and five other major steelmakers for a wage increase. ODM had announced earlier in the year that there would be no increase in the price of steel. The steelmakers refused to engage in good-faith <a href="/wiki/Collective_bargaining" title="Collective bargaining">collective bargaining</a> until ODM guaranteed that they would receive an increase in the price of steel, and their bargaining tactics were designed to force ODM to change its policy. The <a href="/wiki/Trade_union" title="Trade union">union</a> authorized a strike to begin on January 1, 1952. But after President Truman pleaded with the union for a delay, USWA president <a href="/wiki/Philip_Murray" title="Philip Murray">Philip Murray</a> agreed to postpone the strike for 60 days.<sup id="cite_ref-Blackman_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Blackman-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Government_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Government-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>President Truman referred the wage dispute to ODM's <a href="/wiki/Wage_Stabilization_Board" title="Wage Stabilization Board">Wage Stabilization Board</a> (WSB). In March 1952, the WSB recommended a 16.5-cent-an-hour wage increase. The steelmakers lobbied Congress, DOD and defense manufacturers, opposing any wage increase unless there was an accompanying price increase. The pressure led Congress to threaten to overturn any WSB wage increase. <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republicans</a> demanded that the president invoke the <a href="/wiki/Taft-Hartley_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="Taft-Hartley Act">Taft-Hartley Act</a> and force the steelworkers back to work. But Truman, needing labor's support in the 1952 presidential campaign, refused to do so.<sup id="cite_ref-Blackman_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Blackman-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Government_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Government-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Wilson resigned as director of ODM on March 31, 1952, in protest against Truman's support of the union.<sup id="cite_ref-Government_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Government-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/White_House_Chief_of_Staff" title="White House Chief of Staff">Presidential aide</a> <a href="/wiki/John_R._Steelman" title="John R. Steelman">John R. Steelman</a> became Acting Director of ODM. Truman was unwilling to order Steelman to implement the wage increase for fear it would ruin his wage policies, but he was also unwilling to rein in the union. </p><p>With no wage increase forthcoming, the union gave notice on April 4, 1952, that it would strike at 12:01 a.m. on April 9. </p><p>A few hours before the strike was to begin, Truman issued Executive Order 10340, which directed <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Commerce" title="United States Secretary of Commerce">Secretary of Commerce</a> <a href="/wiki/Charles_W._Sawyer" title="Charles W. Sawyer">Charles W. Sawyer</a> to take possession of and operate steel mills throughout the country. Truman sent messages to Congress on April 9 and again on April 21 announcing his action.<sup id="cite_ref-Blackman_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Blackman-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Government_14-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Government-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The steel companies, led by <a href="/wiki/Youngstown_Sheet_and_Tube" title="Youngstown Sheet and Tube">Youngstown Sheet and Tube</a>, filed suit in <a href="/wiki/United_States_district_court" title="United States district court">federal district court</a> seeking a preliminary <a href="/wiki/Injunction" title="Injunction">injunction</a> preventing Sawyer from seizing the steel mills. The <a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_District_of_Columbia" title="United States District Court for the District of Columbia">District Court for the District of Columbia</a> refused to grant a preliminary injunction, and scheduled a trial to be held on April 25. Despite this initial setback, the steelmakers were successful: The district court granted a permanent injunction on April 25. The government appealed to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_District_of_Columbia_Circuit" title="United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit">Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit</a>. The Court of Appeals, sitting <a href="/wiki/En_banc" title="En banc">en banc</a>, <a href="/wiki/Court_order" title="Court order">stayed</a> the permanent injunction on May 2 pending resolution of the case by the U.S. Supreme Court.<sup id="cite_ref-Blackman_13-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Blackman-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Government_14-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Government-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A meeting between USWA and the steelmakers on May 3 nearly led to a tentative agreement on the union's terms. But during the meeting, word arrived that the Supreme Court had granted <a href="/wiki/Certiorari" title="Certiorari">certiorari</a> and accepted the case. The steelmakers backed out of the agreement, hoping that the court would rule in their favor.<sup id="cite_ref-Blackman_13-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Blackman-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Supreme Court heard oral argument for two days, May 12 and May 13. Arguing the case for the government was <a href="/wiki/Solicitor_General_of_the_United_States" title="Solicitor General of the United States">Solicitor General</a> <a href="/wiki/Philip_B._Perlman" class="mw-redirect" title="Philip B. Perlman">Philip B. Perlman</a>, and representing the union was <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Goldberg" title="Arthur Goldberg">Arthur Goldberg</a>, general counsel for the USWA and the <a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Industrial_Organizations" title="Congress of Industrial Organizations">Congress of Industrial Organizations</a> (and a future Supreme Court justice). Former Solicitor General <a href="/wiki/John_W._Davis" title="John W. Davis">John W. Davis</a> argued the case for the steelmakers.<sup id="cite_ref-Blackman_13-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Blackman-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On June 2, 1952, the Supreme Court handed down its decision. In <i><a href="/wiki/Youngstown_Sheet_%26_Tube_Co._v._Sawyer" title="Youngstown Sheet & Tube Co. v. Sawyer">Youngstown Sheet & Tube Co. v. Sawyer</a>,</i> <a href="/wiki/Case_citation" title="Case citation">343 U.S. 579</a> (1952)—a landmark case on the scope of presidential powers—the Court ruled that the president lacked the authority to seize the steel mills. The Court said the President had no authority under the Constitution to seize private property during national emergency. Absent a declaration of war, the President required Congressional authorization to seize the steel mills, and this the chief executive lacked.<sup id="cite_ref-Blackman_13-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Blackman-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The government returned the mills to their owners hours later.<sup id="cite_ref-Blackman_13-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Blackman-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The USWA struck on June 4. The strike lasted 51 days. The supply of steel shrank to almost nothing, armament deliveries dropped by 25 percent, and ammunition and airplane assembly plants shut down. Truman began preparations to draft the steelworkers into the military under Section 18 of the <a href="/wiki/Selective_Training_and_Service_Act_of_1940#After_World_War_II" title="Selective Training and Service Act of 1940">Selective Service Act of 1948</a>, and public opinion began to turn against the union. These factors led Murray to agree to negotiations with the steelmakers.<sup id="cite_ref-Blackman_13-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Blackman-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Government_14-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Government-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The strike ended on July 24, 1952. The USWA achieved a 16-cent-an-hour wage increase, and an increase in fringe benefits of about 6-cents-an-hour. The union also achieved a form of the <a href="/wiki/Closed_shop" title="Closed shop">closed shop</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Government_14-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Government-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Because of perceived favoritism toward the union, Congress stripped the Wage Stabilization Board of most of its powers in late 1952.<sup id="cite_ref-Government_14-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Government-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="End_of_the_Korean_War">End of the Korean War</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Office_of_Defense_Mobilization&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: End of the Korean War"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Henry_H._Fowler" title="Henry H. Fowler">Henry H. Fowler</a> was sworn in as director of ODM on September 8, 1952. Fowler led both ODM and its sub-agency, the <a href="/wiki/National_Production_Authority" title="National Production Authority">National Production Authority</a>, during his tenure as director of ODM. </p><p>The Korean War ended less than a year later, on July 27, 1953. Although ODM relaxed most production, wage and price controls by the fall, many restrictions continued as the <a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a> worsened.<sup id="cite_ref-Vawter_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vawter-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Hogan_2-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hogan-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Kaufman_3-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kaufman-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the election of <a href="/wiki/Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Dwight D. Eisenhower">Dwight D. Eisenhower</a> as president in November 1952, Fowler resigned from ODM in early 1953. </p><p>Eisenhower appointed <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Flemming" title="Arthur Flemming">Arthur Flemming</a> ODM director. Flemming served for most of the Eisenhower administration, overseeing the conversion of the defense industry to civilian uses. Flemming resigned on February 6, 1957. </p><p>Eisenhower appointed <a href="/wiki/Gordon_Gray_(politician)" title="Gordon Gray (politician)">Gordon Gray</a> director of ODM on March 14, 1957. </p><p>Gray's tenure was short-lived, however. In early 1958, pursuant to the authority granted the chief executive under the "Reorganization Act of 1949" (5 U.S.C. 901), President Eisenhower issued Reorganization Plan No. 1 of 1958. The Plan, to take effect on July 1, 1958, consolidated ODM with the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Civil_Defense_Administration" title="Federal Civil Defense Administration">Federal Civil Defense Administration</a>. The successor agency was titled the Office of Defense and Civilian Mobilization (ODCM) and then renamed the Office of Civil and Defense Mobilization.<sup id="cite_ref-Hogan_2-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hogan-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Kaufman_3-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kaufman-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Orbis_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Orbis-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Assessment">Assessment</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Office_of_Defense_Mobilization&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Assessment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>ODM radically changed the way the federal government approached defense procurement and mobilization. Much of the subsequent Cold War defense procurement apparatus was created by ODM, and still exists to this day.<sup id="cite_ref-OtherWar_6-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OtherWar-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>ODM also made long-lasting economic changes to America's industrial base, changes which led to unintended political and demographic consequences. ODM shifted most of the nation's defense plants away from the <a href="/wiki/Northeastern_United_States" title="Northeastern United States">Northeast</a> and <a href="/wiki/Midwestern_United_States" title="Midwestern United States">Midwest</a> to the West, Southwest, and Southeast. This contributed to a 50-year <a href="/wiki/Deindustrialization" title="Deindustrialization">industrial decline</a> in the former two regions from which they have not yet recovered. Meanwhile, large numbers of workers moved South and West to seek employment with defense and defense-related firms. This contributed to <a href="/wiki/Realigning_election" class="mw-redirect" title="Realigning election">realignment</a> in the nation's political power structure. ODM also initiated the dispersal of defense plants to protect the nation's industrial base against enemy attack. These economic changes had <a href="/wiki/Unintended_consequence" class="mw-redirect" title="Unintended consequence">unintended consequences</a> which helped lead to the political ascendancy of the West and South. <sup id="cite_ref-OtherWar_6-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OtherWar-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Markusen_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Markusen-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Office_of_Defense_Mobilization&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Vawter-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Vawter_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Vawter_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Vawter_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Vawter_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Vawter, <i>Industrial Mobilization: The Relevant History,</i> 2002.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hogan-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hogan_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hogan_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hogan_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hogan_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hogan_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hogan_2-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hogan_2-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hogan_2-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hogan_2-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Hogan, <i>A Cross of Iron: Harry S. Truman and the Origins of the National Security State, 1945-1954,</i> 1998.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kaufman-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kaufman_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kaufman_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kaufman_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kaufman_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kaufman_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kaufman_3-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kaufman_3-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kaufman_3-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kaufman_3-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Kaufman, <i>The Korean War: Challenges in Crisis, Credibility, and Command,</i> 1997.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gutmanis and Starns, "Whatever Happened to Defense Industrial Preparedness?", <i>Joint Force Quarterly,</i> Summer 1997.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Orbis-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Orbis_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Orbis_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Brinkerhoff, "The Late, Great Arsenal of Democracy," <i>ORBIS.</i> Spring, 1995.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-OtherWar-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-OtherWar_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-OtherWar_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-OtherWar_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-OtherWar_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-OtherWar_6-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-OtherWar_6-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Pierpaoli, "Truman's Other War: The Battle for the American Homefront, 1950-1953," <i>Magazine of History,</i> Spring 2000.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BLS-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BLS_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BLS_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Bureau of Labor Statistics, <i>Consumer Price Index, All Urban Consumers-(CPI-U), U.S. City Average, All Items,</i> April 17, 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Relyea, <i>The Executive Office of the President: An Historical Overview,</i> November 28, 2006.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Bureaucracy in Blossom," <i>Time,</i> February 26, 1951.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Markusen-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Markusen_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Markusen_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Markusen, et al., <i>The Rise of the Gunbelt: The Military Remapping of Industrial America,</i> 1991.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Industry Control Will Be Extended," <i>United Press International,</i> August 8, 1951.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"TV Research Curb on Color Avoided," <i>New York Times,</i> October 26, 1951.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Blackman-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Blackman_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Blackman_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Blackman_13-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Blackman_13-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Blackman_13-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Blackman_13-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Blackman_13-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Blackman_13-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Blackman_13-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Blackman, <i>Presidential Seizure in Labor Disputes,</i> 1967; Marcus, <i>Truman and the Steel Seizure Case: The Limits of Presidential Power,</i> 1977.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Government-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Government_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Government_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Government_14-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Government_14-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Government_14-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Government_14-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Government_14-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Government_14-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">"The Government's Strike," <i>Time,</i> August 4, 1952.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">ODCM was renamed the Office of Civil and Defense Mobilization (OCDM) by an Act of Congress on August 26, 1958. Its civil defense functions were transferred to DOD by Executive Order 10952 on July 20, 1961. OCDM was retitled the <a href="/wiki/Office_of_Civil_and_Defense_Mobilization" title="Office of Civil and Defense Mobilization">Office of Emergency Planning</a> (OEP) by an Act of Congress on September 22, 1961. OEP was retitled the <a href="/wiki/Office_of_Emergency_Preparedness" class="mw-redirect" title="Office of Emergency Preparedness">Office of Emergency Preparedness</a> in 1968. The Office of Emergency Preparedness was retitled the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Office_of_Preparedness&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Office of Preparedness (page does not exist)">Office of Preparedness</a> (OP) in 1973 and transferred out of the Executive Office of the President to the <a href="/wiki/General_Services_Administration" title="General Services Administration">General Services Administration</a>. In 1975, OP was retitled the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Federal_Preparedness_Agency&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Federal Preparedness Agency (page does not exist)">Federal Preparedness Agency</a> (FPA). In 1979, FPA was subsumed under the new <a href="/wiki/Federal_Emergency_Management_Agency" title="Federal Emergency Management Agency">Federal Emergency Management Agency</a> (FEMA). The creation of FEMA transferred civil defense management out of DOD, reuniting them with mobilization planning for the first time since 1961.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Office_of_Defense_Mobilization&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Blackman, Jr., John L. <i>Presidential Seizure in Labor Disputes.</i> Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1967. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-674-70201-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-674-70201-8">0-674-70201-8</a></li> <li>Brinkerhoff, John R. "The Late, Great Arsenal of Democracy." <i>ORBIS.</i> Spring, 1995.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="ftp://ftp.bls.gov/pub/special.requests/cpi/cpiai.txt">Bureau of Labor Statistics. <i>Consumer Price Index, All Urban Consumers-(CPI-U), U.S. City Average, All Items.</i> Bureau of Labor Statistics. U.S. Department of Labor. Washington, D.C.: April 17, 2007.</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged July 2016">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup> Accessed May 5, 2007.</li> <li>"Bureaucracy in Blossom." <i>Time.</i> February 26, 1951.</li> <li>"The Government's Strike." <i>Time.</i> August 4, 1952.</li> <li>Gutmanis, Ivars and Starns, John F. "Whatever Happened to Defense Industrial Preparedness?" <i>Joint Force Quarterly.</i> Summer 1997.</li> <li>"Henry Fowler." In <i>Biographical Dictionary of the United States Secretaries of the Treasury, 1789-1995.</i> Bernard S. Katz, C. Daniel Vencil and Daniel Vencil, eds. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Publishing, 1996. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-313-28012-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-313-28012-6">0-313-28012-6</a></li> <li>Hogan, Michael J. <i>A Cross of Iron: Harry S. Truman and the Origins of the National Security State, 1945-1954.</i> New York: Cambridge University Press, 1998. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-64044-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-64044-X">0-521-64044-X</a></li> <li>"Industry Control Will Be Extended." <i>United Press International.</i> August 8, 1951.</li> <li>Kaufman, Burton I. <i>The Korean War: Challenges in Crisis, Credibility, and Command.</i> 1st ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1997. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87722-418-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-87722-418-8">0-87722-418-8</a></li> <li>Marcus, Maeva. <i>Truman and the Steel Seizure Case: The Limits of Presidential Power.</i> New York: Columbia University Press, 1977. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-231-04126-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-231-04126-8">0-231-04126-8</a></li> <li>Markusen, Ann; Hall, Peter; Campbell, Scott; and Deitrick, Sabina. <i>The Rise of the Gunbelt: The Military Remapping of Industrial America.</i> New York: Oxford University Press, 1991. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-506648-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-506648-0">0-19-506648-0</a></li> <li>"New Machine." Time. January 15, 1951.</li> <li>"Overall Coordinator." Time. May 19, 1952.</li> <li>Pierpaoli Jr., Paul G. <i>Truman and Korea: The Political Culture of the Early Cold War.</i> Columbia, Mo.: University of Missouri Press, 1999. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8262-1206-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-8262-1206-9">0-8262-1206-9</a></li> <li>Pierpaoli Jr., Paul G. "Truman's Other War: The Battle for the American Homefront, 1950-1953." <i>Magazine of History.</i> 14:3 (Spring 2000).</li> <li>Relyea, Harold C. <i>The Executive Office of the President: An Historical Overview.</i> Washington, D.C.: Government Division, Congressional Research Service, Library of Congress. November 28, 2006. Code 98-606 GOV.</li> <li>"TV Research Curb on Color Avoided." <i>New York Times.</i> October 26, 1951.</li> <li>Vawter, Roderick L. <i>Industrial Mobilization: The Relevant History.</i> Park Forest, Ill.: University Press of the Pacific, 2002. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-89875-746-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-89875-746-0">0-89875-746-0</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Office_of_Defense_Mobilization&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.archives.gov/research/guide-fed-records/groups/304.html">Records of the Office of Civil and Defense Mobilization. Record Group 304, 1947-62. National Archives and Records Administration.</a> Accessed May 14, 2007. The Office of Civil and Defense Mobilization was the successor agency to ODM.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · 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.navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Harry_S._Truman" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Harry_S._Truman" title="Template:Harry S. Truman"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Harry_S._Truman" title="Template talk:Harry S. Truman"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Harry_S._Truman" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Harry S. Truman"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Harry_S._Truman" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Harry_S._Truman" title="Harry S. Truman">Harry S. Truman</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_United_States" title="List of presidents of the United States">33rd</a> <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President of the United States</a> (1945–1953)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_vice_presidents_of_the_United_States" title="List of vice presidents of the United States">34th</a> <a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_United_States" title="Vice President of the United States">Vice President of the United States</a> (1945)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Missouri" title="List of United States senators from Missouri">U.S. Senator from Missouri</a> (1935–1945)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Harry_S._Truman" title="Presidency of Harry S. Truman">Presidency</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Harry_S._Truman_presidency" title="Timeline of the Harry S. Truman presidency">Timeline</a></li> <li>Inaugurations <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_inauguration_of_Harry_S._Truman" title="First inauguration of Harry S. Truman">first</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_inauguration_of_Harry_S._Truman" title="Second inauguration of Harry S. Truman">second</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attempted_assassination_of_Harry_S._Truman" title="Attempted assassination of Harry S. Truman">Assassination attempt</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1952_Puerto_Rican_constitutional_referendum" title="1952 Puerto Rican constitutional referendum">1952 Puerto Rican constitutional referendum</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_of_the_Union" title="State of the Union">State of the Union Address</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1946_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1946 State of the Union Address">1946</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1947_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1947 State of the Union Address">1947</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1948 State of the Union Address">1948</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1949_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1949 State of the Union Address">1949</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1950_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1950 State of the Union Address">1950</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1951_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1951 State of the Union Address">1951</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1952_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1952 State of the Union Address">1952</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_1953_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="January 1953 State of the Union Address">1953</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Harry_S._Truman" title="List of federal judges appointed by Harry S. Truman">Judicial appointments</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Harry_S._Truman_Supreme_Court_candidates" title="Harry S. Truman Supreme Court candidates">Supreme Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherman_Minton_Supreme_Court_nomination" title="Sherman Minton Supreme Court nomination">Sherman Minton Supreme Court nomination</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_S._Truman#Administration_and_cabinet" title="Harry S. Truman">Cabinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Truman_Balcony" title="Truman Balcony">Truman Balcony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buck_passing#"The_buck_stops_here"" title="Buck passing">"The buck stops here"</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Author:Harry_S._Truman/Executive_orders" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Author:Harry S. Truman/Executive orders">Executive Orders</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Author:Harry_S._Truman/Presidential_Proclamations" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Author:Harry S. Truman/Presidential Proclamations">Presidential Proclamations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_transition_of_Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Presidential transition of Dwight D. Eisenhower">Eisenhower transition</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_the_Harry_S._Truman_administration" title="Foreign policy of the Harry S. Truman administration">Foreign policy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Truman_Doctrine" title="Truman Doctrine">Truman Doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potsdam_Conference" title="Potsdam Conference">Potsdam Conference</a> <ul><li>1945; <a href="/wiki/Potsdam_Agreement" title="Potsdam Agreement">Agreement on Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potsdam_Declaration" title="Potsdam Declaration">Declaration to Japan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atomic_bombings_of_Hiroshima_and_Nagasaki" title="Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki">Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki</a> (1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_Brides_Act" title="War Brides Act">War Brides Act</a> (1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alien_Fianc%C3%A9es_and_Fianc%C3%A9s_Act" title="Alien Fiancées and Fiancés Act">Alien Fiancées and Fiancés Act</a> (1946)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luce%E2%80%93Celler_Act" title="Luce–Celler Act">Luce–Celler Act</a> (1946)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Executive_Order_9835" title="Executive Order 9835">Executive Order 9835</a> (1947)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Agreement_on_Tariffs_and_Trade" title="General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade">General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade</a> (1947)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoover_Commission" title="Hoover Commission">Hoover Commission</a> (1947)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Security_Act_of_1947" title="National Security Act of 1947">National Security Act of 1947</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Defense" title="United States Department of Defense">U.S. Department of Defense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joint_Chiefs_of_Staff" title="Joint Chiefs of Staff">Joint Chiefs of Staff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_National_Security_Council" title="United States National Security Council">National Security Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Security_Resources_Board" title="National Security Resources Board">National Security Resources Board</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force" title="United States Air Force">Air Force</a>/<a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_the_Air_Force" title="United States Department of the Air Force">Department</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Central Intelligence Agency">Central Intelligence Agency</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Displaced_Persons_Act" title="Displaced Persons Act">Displaced Persons Act</a> (1948)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Key_West_Agreement" title="Key West Agreement">Key West Agreement</a> (1948)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marshall_Plan" title="Marshall Plan">Marshall Plan</a> (1948)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Canaveral_Space_Force_Station" title="Cape Canaveral Space Force Station">Joint Long Range Proving Grounds</a> (1949)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Atlantic_Treaty" title="North Atlantic Treaty">North Atlantic Treaty</a> <ul><li>1949; <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolt_of_the_Admirals" title="Revolt of the Admirals">Revolt of the Admirals</a> (1949)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_War" title="Korean War">Korean War</a> <ul><li>1950–1953; <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_82" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 82">U.N. Security Council Resolutions 82,</a> <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_83" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 83">83</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defense_Production_Act_of_1950" title="Defense Production Act of 1950">Defense Production Act of 1950</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relief_of_Douglas_MacArthur" title="Relief of Douglas MacArthur">Relief of Douglas MacArthur</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Office of Defense Mobilization</a> <ul><li>1950; <a href="/wiki/President%27s_Science_Advisory_Committee" title="President's Science Advisory Committee">Science Advisory Committee</a>, 1951</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_and_Nationality_Act_of_1952" title="Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952">Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Security_Agency" title="National Security Agency">National Security Agency</a> (1952)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fair_Deal" title="Fair Deal">Fair Deal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Medal_of_Freedom_(1945)" title="Medal of Freedom (1945)">Medal of Freedom</a> (1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revenue_Act_of_1945" title="Revenue Act of 1945">Revenue Act of 1945</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Mental_Health_Act" title="National Mental Health Act">National Mental Health Act</a> <ul><li>1946; <a href="/wiki/National_Institute_of_Mental_Health" title="National Institute of Mental Health">National Institute of Mental Health</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atomic_Energy_Act_of_1946" title="Atomic Energy Act of 1946">Atomic Energy Act of 1946</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Atomic_Energy_Commission" title="United States Atomic Energy Commission">U.S. Atomic Energy Commission</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Employment_Act_of_1946" title="Employment Act of 1946">Employment Act of 1946</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Economic_Advisers" title="Council of Economic Advisers">Council of Economic Advisers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flood_Control_Act" title="Flood Control Act">Flood Control Acts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flood_Control_Act_of_1946" title="Flood Control Act of 1946">1946</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flood_Control_Act_of_1948" title="Flood Control Act of 1948">1948</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flood_Control_Act_of_1950" title="Flood Control Act of 1950">1950</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fulbright_Program" title="Fulbright Program">Fulbright Program</a> (1946)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hill%E2%80%93Burton_Act" title="Hill–Burton Act">Hill–Burton Act</a> (1946)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legislative_Reorganization_Act_of_1946" title="Legislative Reorganization Act of 1946">Legislative Reorganization Act of 1946</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Regulation_of_Lobbying_Act_of_1946" title="Federal Regulation of Lobbying Act of 1946">Federal Regulation of Lobbying Act of 1946</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Tort_Claims_Act" title="Federal Tort Claims Act">Federal Tort Claims Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congressional_Research_Service" title="Congressional Research Service">Legislative Reference Service</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_School_Lunch_Act" title="National School Lunch Act">National School Lunch Act</a> (1946)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/President%27s_Committee_on_Civil_Rights" title="President's Committee on Civil Rights">President's Committee on Civil Rights</a> (1946)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Insecticide,_Fungicide,_and_Rodenticide_Act" title="Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act">Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act</a> (1947)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Housing_and_Home_Finance_Agency" title="Housing and Home Finance Agency">Housing and Home Finance Agency</a> (1947)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_Succession_Act" title="Presidential Succession Act">Presidential Succession Act of 1947</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taft%E2%80%93Hartley_Act" title="Taft–Hartley Act">Taft–Hartley Act</a> (1947)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agricultural_Act_of_1948" title="Agricultural Act of 1948">Agricultural Act of 1948</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Executive_Order_9981" title="Executive Order 9981">Executive Order 9981</a> (1948)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revenue_Act_of_1948" title="Revenue Act of 1948">Revenue Act of 1948</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agricultural_Act_of_1949" title="Agricultural Act of 1949">Agricultural Act of 1949</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Housing_Act_of_1949" title="Housing Act of 1949">Housing Act of 1949</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dingell%E2%80%93Johnson_Act" title="Dingell–Johnson Act">Dingell–Johnson Act</a> (1950)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revenue_Act_of_1950" title="Revenue Act of 1950">Revenue Act of 1950</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Excess_profits_tax" title="Excess profits tax">Excess profits tax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unrelated_Business_Income_Tax" title="Unrelated Business Income Tax">Unrelated Business Income Tax</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revenue_Act_of_1951" title="Revenue Act of 1951">Revenue Act of 1951</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal-Aid_Highway_Act_of_1952" title="Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1952">Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1952</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1952_steel_strike" title="1952 steel strike">1952 steel strike</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Life</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Harry_S._Truman#Early_life_and_career" title="Harry S. Truman">Early life and career</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_S._Truman_Presidential_Library_and_Museum" title="Harry S. Truman Presidential Library and Museum">Presidential Library, Museum, and gravesite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_S_Truman_Office_and_Courtroom" title="Harry S Truman Office and Courtroom">Missouri Office and Courtroom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Truman_Committee" title="Truman Committee">Truman Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1944_Democratic_Party_vice_presidential_candidate_selection" title="1944 Democratic Party vice presidential candidate selection">1944 Democratic Party vice presidential candidate selection</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Homes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Harry_S_Truman_Birthplace_State_Historic_Site" title="Harry S Truman Birthplace State Historic Site">Birthplace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_S._Truman_Farm_Home" title="Harry S. Truman Farm Home">Harry S. Truman Farm Home</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_S._Truman_National_Historic_Site" title="Harry S. Truman National Historic Site">Harry S. Truman home and National Historic Site</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Harry_S._Truman_Historic_District" title="Harry S. Truman Historic District">Historic District</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blair_House" title="Blair House">Blair House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_S._Truman_Little_White_House" title="Harry S. Truman Little White House">Truman Little White House</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Electoral_history_of_Harry_S._Truman" title="Electoral history of Harry S. Truman">Elections</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1934_United_States_Senate_election_in_Missouri" title="1934 United States Senate election in Missouri">United States Senate election in Missouri, 1934</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1940_United_States_Senate_election_in_Missouri" title="1940 United States Senate election in Missouri">1940</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1944_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1944 Democratic National Convention">Democratic National Convention 1944</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1948 Democratic National Convention">1948</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1944_United_States_presidential_election" title="1944 United States presidential election">1944 United States presidential election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_United_States_presidential_election" title="1948 United States presidential election">1948</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Harry_S._Truman_1948_presidential_campaign" title="Harry S. Truman 1948 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Dewey_Defeats_Truman" title="Dewey Defeats Truman">Dewey Defeats Truman</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/I%27m_Just_Wild_About_Harry" title="I'm Just Wild About Harry">campaign song</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1952_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1952 Democratic Party presidential primaries">1952 Democratic Party presidential primaries</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Legacy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_Harry_S._Truman" title="Bibliography of Harry S. Truman">Bibliography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Truman_Day" title="Truman Day">Truman Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_S_Truman_Building" title="Harry S Truman Building">Harry S Truman Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Truman_Reservoir" title="Truman Reservoir">Truman Dam and Reservoir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_S._Truman_Scholarship" title="Harry S. Truman Scholarship">Harry S. Truman Scholarship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Truman_Sports_Complex" title="Truman Sports Complex">Truman Sports Complex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidents_of_the_United_States_on_U.S._postage_stamps#Harry_S._Truman" title="Presidents of the United States on U.S. postage stamps">U.S. Postage stamps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Harry_S._Truman" title="Statue of Harry S. Truman">Statue of Harry S. Truman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Public image</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Give_%27em_Hell,_Harry!" title="Give 'em Hell, Harry!">Give 'em Hell, Harry!</a></i> (1975 play and film)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Harry_Truman_(song)" title="Harry Truman (song)">Harry Truman</a></i> (1975 song by <a href="/wiki/Chicago_(band)" title="Chicago (band)">Chicago</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Collision_Course:_Truman_vs._MacArthur" title="Collision Course: Truman vs. MacArthur">Collision Course: Truman vs. MacArthur</a></i> (1976 film)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Backstairs_at_the_White_House" title="Backstairs at the White House">Backstairs at the White House</a></i> (1979 miniseries)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Truman_(1995_film)" title="Truman (1995 film)">Truman</a></i> (1995 film)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Truman_(1997_film)" title="Truman (1997 film)">Truman</a></i> (1997 documentary film)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_First_Lady_(American_TV_series)" title="The First Lady (American TV series)">The First Lady</a></i> (2022 TV series)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Oppenheimer_(film)" title="Oppenheimer (film)">Oppenheimer</a></i> (2023 film)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bess_Truman" title="Bess Truman">Bess Wallace Truman</a> (wife)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Truman" title="Margaret Truman">Margaret Truman</a> (daughter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martha_Ellen_Young_Truman" class="mw-redirect" title="Martha Ellen Young Truman">Martha Ellen Young Truman</a> (mother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clifton_Truman_Daniel" title="Clifton Truman Daniel">Clifton Truman Daniel</a> (grandson)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">← Franklin D. Roosevelt</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Dwight D. Eisenhower">Dwight D. Eisenhower →</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henry_A._Wallace" title="Henry A. Wallace">← Henry A. Wallace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alben_W._Barkley" title="Alben W. Barkley">Alben W. Barkley →</a></li></ul> <ul><li><b><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Harry_S._Truman" title="Category:Harry S. Truman">Category</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Office_of_Defense_Mobilization&oldid=1205163110">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Office_of_Defense_Mobilization&oldid=1205163110</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Government_agencies_established_in_1950" title="Category:Government agencies established in 1950">Government agencies established in 1950</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Government_agencies_disestablished_in_1958" title="Category:Government agencies disestablished in 1958">Government agencies disestablished in 1958</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Defunct_agencies_of_the_United_States_government" title="Category:Defunct agencies of the United States government">Defunct agencies of the United States government</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Military_logistics_of_the_United_States" title="Category:Military logistics of the United States">Military logistics of the United States</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Korean_War" title="Category:Korean War">Korean War</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:United_States_defense_procurement" title="Category:United States defense procurement">United States defense procurement</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_hCards" title="Category:Articles with hCards">Articles with hCards</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_November_2012" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from November 2012">Articles with unsourced statements from November 2012</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_dead_external_links" title="Category:All articles with dead external links">All articles with dead external links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_dead_external_links_from_July_2016" title="Category:Articles with dead external links from July 2016">Articles with dead external links from July 2016</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_permanently_dead_external_links" title="Category:Articles with permanently dead external links">Articles with permanently dead external links</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 9 February 2024, at 01:13<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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