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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Centre and periphery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Centre_and_periphery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-UNCTAD_secretary-general" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#UNCTAD_secretary-general"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>UNCTAD secretary-general</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-UNCTAD_secretary-general-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dependency_theory" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dependency_theory"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Dependency theory</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dependency_theory-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a 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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Raúl Prebisch</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 19 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-19" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">19 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ra%C3%BAl_Prebisch" title="Raúl Prebisch – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Raúl Prebisch" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ra%C3%BAl_Prebisch" title="Raúl Prebisch – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Raúl Prebisch" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ra%C3%BAl_Prebisch" title="Raúl Prebisch – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Raúl Prebisch" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ra%C3%BAl_Pr%C3%A9bisch" title="Raúl Prébisch – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Raúl Prébisch" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ra%C3%BAl_Prebisch" title="Raúl Prebisch – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Raúl Prebisch" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%9D%BC%EC%9A%B8_%ED%94%84%EB%A0%88%EB%B9%84%EC%8B%9C" title="라울 프레비시 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="라울 프레비시" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9A" title="राउल प्रेबिस्च – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="राउल प्रेबिस्च" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ra%C3%BAl_Prebisch" title="Raúl Prebisch – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Raúl Prebisch" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ra%C3%BAl_Prebisch" title="Raúl Prebisch – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Raúl Prebisch" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ra%C3%BAl_Prebisch" title="Raúl Prebisch – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Raúl Prebisch" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%84_%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B4" title="راول پريبيستش – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="راول پريبيستش" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ra%C3%BAl_Prebisch" title="Raúl Prebisch – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Raúl Prebisch" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A9%E3%82%A6%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BB%E3%83%97%E3%83%AC%E3%83%93%E3%83%83%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A5" title="ラウル・プレビッシュ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ラウル・プレビッシュ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ra%C3%BAl_Prebisch" title="Raúl Prebisch – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Raúl Prebisch" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%88,_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Пребиш, Рауль – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Пребиш, Рауль" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ra%C3%BAl_Prebisch" title="Raúl Prebisch – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Raúl Prebisch" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ra%C3%BAl_Prebisch" title="Raúl Prebisch – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Raúl Prebisch" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B1%D1%96%D1%88" title="Рауль Пребіш – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Рауль Пребіш" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li 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Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Ra%C3%BAl+Prebisch%22">"Raúl Prebisch"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Ra%C3%BAl+Prebisch%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Ra%C3%BAl+Prebisch%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Ra%C3%BAl+Prebisch%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Ra%C3%BAl+Prebisch%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Ra%C3%BAl+Prebisch%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">November 2013</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Raúl Prebisch</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1901-04-17</span>)</span>April 17, 1901<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/San_Miguel_de_Tucum%C3%A1n" title="San Miguel de Tucumán">San Miguel de Tucumán</a>, Argentina</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">April 29, 1986<span style="display:none">(1986-04-29)</span> (aged 85)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Santiago_de_Chile" class="mw-redirect" title="Santiago de Chile">Santiago de Chile</a>, Chile</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Academic career</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Field</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Development_economics" title="Development economics">Development economics</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">School or<br />tradition</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Structuralist_economics" title="Structuralist economics">Structuralist economics</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Alma mater</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/University_of_Buenos_Aires" title="University of Buenos Aires">University of Buenos Aires</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Contributions</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Singer%E2%80%93Prebisch_thesis" class="mw-redirect" title="Singer–Prebisch thesis">Singer–Prebisch thesis</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Raúl Prebisch</b> (April 17, 1901 – April 29, 1986) was an Argentine economist known for his contributions to <a href="/wiki/Structuralist_economics" title="Structuralist economics">structuralist economics</a> such as the <a href="/wiki/Prebisch%E2%80%93Singer_hypothesis" title="Prebisch–Singer hypothesis">Prebisch–Singer hypothesis</a>, which formed the basis of economic <a href="/wiki/Dependency_theory" title="Dependency theory">dependency theory</a>. He became the executive director of the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Economic_Commission_for_Latin_America_and_the_Caribbean" title="United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean">Economic Commission for Latin America</a> (ECLA or CEPAL) in 1950.<sup id="cite_ref-The_process_of_development_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_process_of_development-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1950, he also released the very influential study <i>The Economic Development of Latin America and its Principal Problems</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-The_process_of_development_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_process_of_development-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_years">Early years</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ra%C3%BAl_Prebisch&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early years"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>He was born in <a href="/wiki/San_Miguel_de_Tucum%C3%A1n" title="San Miguel de Tucumán">Tucumán</a>, Argentina, to <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_German" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic German">German</a> settlers and studied at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Buenos_Aires" title="University of Buenos Aires">University of Buenos Aires</a> <a href="/wiki/Faculty_of_Economic_Sciences,_University_of_Buenos_Aires" title="Faculty of Economic Sciences, University of Buenos Aires">Faculty of Economic Sciences</a>, where he later taught. His brother <a href="/wiki/Alberto_Prebisch" title="Alberto Prebisch">Alberto Prebisch</a> became a well-known <a href="/wiki/Architect" title="Architect">architect</a>. As a young man his writing was marked by a complete adherence to the idea of <a href="/wiki/Free-trade" class="mw-redirect" title="Free-trade">free-trade</a><sup id="cite_ref-The_process_of_development_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_process_of_development-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but in the 1930s, as a result of the <a href="/wiki/Great_Depression" title="Great Depression">Great Depression</a> he "converted" to <a href="/wiki/Protectionism" title="Protectionism">protectionism</a>. His previous beliefs had been supported by the spectacular economic growth of Argentina from the 1860s to 1920s as the country exported a large amount of beef and wheat to the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>. However, by the 1930s the <a href="/wiki/Great_Depression" title="Great Depression">Great Depression</a> and the growing economic dominance of the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>, which exported beef and wheat rather than buying them, had significantly hurt the Argentinian economy. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Centre_and_periphery">Centre and periphery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ra%C3%BAl_Prebisch&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Centre and periphery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The plight of Argentina forced Prebisch to reexamine the principle of <a href="/wiki/Comparative_advantage" title="Comparative advantage">comparative advantage</a> described by <a href="/wiki/David_Ricardo" title="David Ricardo">David Ricardo</a>, marking the creation of a new school of economic thought in the late 1940s. Prebisch separated out the purely theoretical aspects of economics from the actual practice of trade and the power structures that underlie trading institutions and agreements. His resulting division of the world into the economic "centre", consisting of industrialised nations such as the U.S., and the "periphery", consisting of primary producers, remains used to this day. As president of the <a href="/wiki/Central_Bank_of_Argentina" title="Central Bank of Argentina">Central Bank of Argentina</a> he had noticed that during the Great Depression the prices of primary products, such as agricultural goods, fell much more than the prices of manufactured secondary products. However, he and his colleagues were unable to specify the exact mechanism for the difference, beyond hypothesizing that supply conditions of primary and secondary goods were different in that while farmers planted the same amount every year regardless of the price they would get, manufacturers were able to reduce or increase capacity to respond to expected changes in demand. </p><p>However, these ideas remained unformed until he was appointed executive director of the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Economic_Commission_for_Latin_America_and_the_Caribbean" title="United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean">Economic Commission for Latin America</a> (ECLA or CEPAL) in 1950.<sup id="cite_ref-The_process_of_development_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_process_of_development-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1950, he released a study <i>The Economic Development of Latin America and its Principal Problems</i> <sup id="cite_ref-The_process_of_development_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_process_of_development-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> that stated what is now known as the <a href="/wiki/Prebisch%E2%80%93Singer_hypothesis" title="Prebisch–Singer hypothesis">Prebisch–Singer hypothesis</a>. German economist <a href="/wiki/Hans_Singer" title="Hans Singer">Hans Singer</a> had separately arrived at a similar conclusion as Prebisch at roughly the same time, although his paper used a more empirical approach based on analysis of world trade statistics. The hypothesis begins with the observation that in the present world system the periphery produces primary goods to export to the center, and the centre produces secondary goods for export to the periphery. According to the hypothesis, as technology improves, the centre is able to retain the savings made, since it can retain higher wages and profits through developed unions and commercial institutions. At the periphery, companies and workers are weaker, and have to pass on technical savings to their customers in the form of lower prices. Prebisch pointed to the decline in the <a href="/wiki/Terms_of_trade" title="Terms of trade">terms of trade</a> between industrialised and non-industrialised countries, which meant peripheral nations had to export more to get the same value of industrial imports. Through this system, all of the benefits of technology and international trade would accrue to the centre.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Due to Prebisch's influence the ECLA became the center of <a href="/wiki/Third_World" title="Third World">Third World</a> activism in the UN, giving birth to the Latin American school of <a href="/wiki/Structuralist_economics" title="Structuralist economics">structuralist economics</a>. While many scholars perceive Prebisch as supporting <a href="/wiki/Import_substitution_industrialization" title="Import substitution industrialization">import substitution industrialization</a> (ISI), in which a nation progressively changes its imports and internal production, focusing on industrialization, at the cost of imported "superfluous" goods in favor of capital and intermediate goods for a given period of time, Prebisch criticized protectionism, especially that practiced by <a href="/wiki/Juan_Per%C3%B3n" title="Juan Perón">Juan Perón</a> in Argentina, since 1956 and ISI since at least 1963.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He advocated industrialization and economic cooperation, including through trade, among developing countries. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Social_Studies" class="mw-redirect" title="Institute of Social Studies">The International Institute of Social Studies</a> (ISS) awarded its Honorary Fellowship to Raúl Prebisch in 1977. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="UNCTAD_secretary-general">UNCTAD secretary-general</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ra%C3%BAl_Prebisch&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: UNCTAD secretary-general"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Between 1964 and 1969, he served as the founding secretary-general of the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Conference_on_Trade_and_Development" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations Conference on Trade and Development">United Nations Conference on Trade and Development</a> (UNCTAD). Selected for his unparalleled reputation, he tried to forge UNCTAD into a body advocating the case of the whole developing world. His approach to development took a more trade-focused approach, advocating preferential access to the markets of developed countries and <a href="/wiki/Regional_integration" title="Regional integration">regional integration</a>, building up trade between peripheral countries. Increasingly he stressed the extent to which developing countries had to bring growth by internal reforms rather than through external help. He publicly condemned ISI as having failed to bring proper development. Prebisch found his years at UNCTAD frustrating and "sterile" as it became increasingly bureaucratic and failed to achieve its main objectives. His sudden resignation in 1969 signified his loss of patience with the organisation's failures. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Dependency_theory">Dependency theory</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ra%C3%BAl_Prebisch&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Dependency theory"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the 1960s, economists at the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Economic_Commission_for_Latin_America_and_the_Caribbean" title="United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean">United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean</a> (ECLA) developed an extension of Prebisch's thoughts on structuralism into <a href="/wiki/Dependency_theory" title="Dependency theory">dependency theory</a>, in which economic development of the periphery is seen as a nearly impossible task. While dependency theory was the polar opposite of Prebisch and ECLA's original purpose, he continued to criticize the <a href="/wiki/Economic_growth" title="Economic growth">neo-classical economic forces</a> that he felt were victimizing the global poor. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ra%C3%BAl_Prebisch&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Prior to the takeover of Chile by the <a href="/wiki/Augusto_Pinochet" title="Augusto Pinochet">Augusto Pinochet</a> regime, economic thought in the country, particularly the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Chile" title="University of Chile">University of Chile</a>, was dominated by his ideas.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Works">Works</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ra%C3%BAl_Prebisch&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Works"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFPrebisch1959" class="citation journal cs1">Prebisch, Raúl (1959). "Commercial Policy in the Underdeveloped Countries". <i>American Economic Review</i>. <b>49</b>: 251–273.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Economic+Review&rft.atitle=Commercial+Policy+in+the+Underdeveloped+Countries&rft.volume=49&rft.pages=251-273&rft.date=1959&rft.aulast=Prebisch&rft.aufirst=Ra%C3%BAl&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARa%C3%BAl+Prebisch" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Raúl Prebisch, <i>The Economic Development of Latin America and Its Principal Problems</i> (New York: United Nations, 1950)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRaúl_Prebisch1970" class="citation book cs1">Raúl Prebisch (1970). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Ot0rAAAAMAAJ"><i>Change and Development: Latin America's Great Task</i></a>. Inter-American Development Bank.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Change+and+Development%3A+Latin+America%27s+Great+Task&rft.pub=Inter-American+Development+Bank&rft.date=1970&rft.au=Ra%C3%BAl+Prebisch&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DOt0rAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARa%C3%BAl+Prebisch" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ra%C3%BAl_Prebisch&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Import_substitution_industrialization" title="Import substitution industrialization">Import substitution industrialization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unequal_exchange" title="Unequal exchange">Unequal exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samir_Amin" title="Samir Amin">Samir Amin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celso_Furtado" title="Celso Furtado">Celso Furtado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fair_trade" title="Fair trade">Fair trade</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ra%C3%BAl_Prebisch&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-The_process_of_development-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-The_process_of_development_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-The_process_of_development_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-The_process_of_development_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-The_process_of_development_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-The_process_of_development_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCypherDietz2009" class="citation book cs1">Cypher, James M.; Dietz, James L. (2009). <i>The process of economic development</i>. London & New York: Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-77103-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-77103-0"><bdi>978-0-415-77103-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+process+of+economic+development&rft.pub=London+%26+New+York%3A+Routledge&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-415-77103-0&rft.aulast=Cypher&rft.aufirst=James+M.&rft.au=Dietz%2C+James+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARa%C3%BAl+Prebisch" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bibi, Samuele (2024). Prebisch and the terms of trade. Resources Policy, 90, 104813. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/J.RESOURPOL.2024.104813">https://doi.org/10.1016/J.RESOURPOL.2024.104813</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDosman2008" class="citation book cs1">Dosman, Edgar J. (2008). <i>The Life and Times of Raul Prebisch, 1901–1986</i>. Montreal: McGill-Queen's University Press. pp. 396–397.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Life+and+Times+of+Raul+Prebisch%2C+1901%E2%80%931986&rft.place=Montreal&rft.pages=396-397&rft.pub=McGill-Queen%27s+University+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.aulast=Dosman&rft.aufirst=Edgar+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARa%C3%BAl+Prebisch" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilliam_J._Barber1995" class="citation journal cs1">William J. Barber (December 1995). "Chile Con Chicago: A Review Essay". <i>Journal of Economic Literature</i>. <b>33</b> (4): 1941–1949. <a href="/wiki/CiteSeerX_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="CiteSeerX (identifier)">CiteSeerX</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.610.9445">10.1.1.610.9445</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2729318">2729318</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Economic+Literature&rft.atitle=Chile+Con+Chicago%3A+A+Review+Essay&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=1941-1949&rft.date=1995-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fciteseerx.ist.psu.edu%2Fviewdoc%2Fsummary%3Fdoi%3D10.1.1.610.9445%23id-name%3DCiteSeerX&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2729318%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.au=William+J.+Barber&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARa%C3%BAl+Prebisch" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ra%C3%BAl_Prebisch&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDosman2008" class="citation book cs1">Dosman, Edgar (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7uXJ-ejd_2AC"><i>The Life and Times of Raúl Prebisch, 1901–1986</i></a>. McGill-Queen's Press – MQUP. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7735-7464-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7735-7464-9"><bdi>978-0-7735-7464-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Life+and+Times+of+Ra%C3%BAl+Prebisch%2C+1901%E2%80%931986&rft.pub=McGill-Queen%27s+Press+%E2%80%93+MQUP&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-7735-7464-9&rft.aulast=Dosman&rft.aufirst=Edgar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7uXJ-ejd_2AC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARa%C3%BAl+Prebisch" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Fitzgerald, E.V.K. "ECLA and the Formation of Latin American Economic Doctrine" in <i>Latin America in the 1940s: War and Postwar Transitions</i>, <a href="/wiki/David_Rock_(historian)" title="David Rock (historian)">David Rock</a>, ed. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press 1994, pp. 89–108.</li> <li>Flechsig, Steffen (1999), "Raul Prebisch's Contribution to a Humane World" in <i>Global capitalism, liberation theology, and the social sciences: An analysis of the contradictions of modernity at the turn of the millennium</i> (Andreas Mueller, Arno Tausch, and Paul Zulehner (Eds.), <a href="/wiki/Nova_Science_Publishers" title="Nova Science Publishers">Nova Science Publishers</a>, Hauppauge, Commack, New York</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLove1980" class="citation journal cs1">Love, Joseph L. (1980). "Raúl Prebisch and the Origins of the Doctrine of Unequal Exchange". <i>Latin American Research Review</i>. <b>15</b>: 45–72.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Latin+American+Research+Review&rft.atitle=Ra%C3%BAl+Prebisch+and+the+Origins+of+the+Doctrine+of+Unequal+Exchange&rft.volume=15&rft.pages=45-72&rft.date=1980&rft.aulast=Love&rft.aufirst=Joseph+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARa%C3%BAl+Prebisch" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMatias_E._Margulis2017" class="citation book cs1">Matias E. Margulis (16 March 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vT4lDwAAQBAJ"><i>The Global Political Economy of Raúl Prebisch</i></a>. Taylor & Francis. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-315-41460-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-315-41460-7"><bdi>978-1-315-41460-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Global+Political+Economy+of+Ra%C3%BAl+Prebisch&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2017-03-16&rft.isbn=978-1-315-41460-7&rft.au=Matias+E.+Margulis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DvT4lDwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARa%C3%BAl+Prebisch" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRaúl_PrebischDavid_H._Pollock2006" class="citation book cs1">Raúl Prebisch; David H. Pollock (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6qWDvG9R7mAC"><i>Raúl Prebisch: Power, Principle, and the Ethics of Development</i></a>. BID-INTAL. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-950-738-226-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-950-738-226-0"><bdi>978-950-738-226-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ra%C3%BAl+Prebisch%3A+Power%2C+Principle%2C+and+the+Ethics+of+Development&rft.pub=BID-INTAL&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-950-738-226-0&rft.au=Ra%C3%BAl+Prebisch&rft.au=David+H.+Pollock&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D6qWDvG9R7mAC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARa%C3%BAl+Prebisch" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>John Toye and <a href="/wiki/Richard_Toye" title="Richard Toye">Richard Toye</a> (2006), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://johntoyedotnet.files.wordpress.com/2012/02/raulprebischlimitsindustrialization2006.pdf">Raúl Prebisch and the Limits of Industrialization</a>. In Dosman E.J. (ed.) <i>Raúl Prebisch: Power, Principle, and the Ethics of Development</i>, IDB-INTAL.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFToyeToye2003" class="citation journal cs1">Toye, John; Toye, Richard (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://johntoyedotnet.files.wordpress.com/2012/03/theoriginsandinterpretationoftheprebischsingerthesis2003.pdf">"The origins and interpretation of the Prebisch-Singer thesis"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>History of Political Economy</i>. <b>35</b> (3): 437–467. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1215%2F00182702-35-3-437">10.1215/00182702-35-3-437</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/10036%2F25832">10036/25832</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:28151403">28151403</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=History+of+Political+Economy&rft.atitle=The+origins+and+interpretation+of+the+Prebisch-Singer+thesis&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=437-467&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F10036%2F25832&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A28151403%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1215%2F00182702-35-3-437&rft.aulast=Toye&rft.aufirst=John&rft.au=Toye%2C+Richard&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjohntoyedotnet.files.wordpress.com%2F2012%2F03%2Ftheoriginsandinterpretationoftheprebischsingerthesis2003.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARa%C3%BAl+Prebisch" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ra%C3%BAl_Prebisch&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Paul Berthoud, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.edinter.net/paulberthoud/">A Professional Life Narrative</a>, 2008, worked with <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.edinter.net/paulberthoud/narrative/index.htm#23">Raúl Prebisch</a> in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.edinter.net/paulberthoud/narrative/index.htm#22">CEPAL</a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.edinter.net/paulberthoud/narrative/index.htm#gva">UNCTAD</a>, and offers testimony from the inside.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.economist.com/books/displaystory.cfm?story_id=13226316&fsrc=rss">Raúl Prebisch: Latin America's Keynes</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Economist" title="The Economist">The Economist</a></i>, Mar 5th 2009</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101204051702/http://www.iss.nl/About-ISS/History/Honorary-Fellows">Profile at The International Institute of Social Studies</a> (ISS)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cyt-ar.com.ar/cyt-ar/index.php/Raúl_Federico_Prébisch">Prebisch in Argentina</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://biblioguias.cepal.org/prebisch_en/">Raúl Prebisch and the challenges of development of the XXI century Website</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A6qckAT5g2I">Dependency theory: the truth behind capitalist expansion?</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style 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Biographie</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/033115524">IdRef</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Raúl_Prebisch&oldid=1219172810">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Raúl_Prebisch&oldid=1219172810</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" 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