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title="Mk:Component overview (page does not exist)"> македонски </a></span></li> <li><span dir="auto" lang="mn"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mn:Component_overview&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mn:Component overview (page does not exist)"> монгол </a></span></li> <li><span dir="auto" lang="ru"><a href="/wiki/RU:Component_overview" class="mw-redirect" title="RU:Component overview"> русский </a></span></li> <li><span dir="auto" lang="sr"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sr:Component_overview&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sr:Component overview (page does not exist)"> српски / srpski </a></span></li> <li><span dir="auto" lang="uk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uk:Component_overview&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Uk:Component overview (page does not exist)"> українська </a></span></li> <li><span dir="auto" lang="hy"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hy:Component_overview&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hy:Component overview (page does not exist)"> հայերեն </a></span></li> <li><span dir="auto" lang="he"><a href="/wiki/He:Component_overview" title="He:Component overview"> עברית </a></span></li> <li><span dir="auto" lang="ar"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ar:Component_overview&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ar:Component overview (page does not exist)"> العربية </a></span></li> <li><span dir="auto" lang="skr"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Skr:Component_overview&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Skr:Component overview (page does not exist)"> سرائیکی </a></span></li> <li><span dir="auto" lang="fa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fa:Component_overview&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fa:Component overview (page does not exist)"> فارسی </a></span></li> <li><span dir="auto" lang="pnb"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pnb:Component_overview&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pnb:Component overview (page does not exist)"> پنجابی </a></span></li> <li><span dir="auto" lang="ps"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ps:Component_overview&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ps:Component overview (page does not exist)"> پښتو </a></span></li> <li><span dir="auto" lang="ne"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ne:Component_overview&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ne:Component overview (page does not exist)"> नेपाली </a></span></li> <li><span dir="auto" lang="mr"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mr:Component_overview&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mr:Component overview (page does not exist)"> मराठी </a></span></li> <li><span dir="auto" lang="hi"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hi:Component_overview&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hi:Component overview (page does not exist)"> हिन्दी </a></span></li> <li><span dir="auto" lang="bn"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bn:Component_overview&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bn:Component overview (page does not exist)"> বাংলা </a></span></li> <li><span dir="auto" lang="pa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pa:Component_overview&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pa:Component overview (page does not exist)"> ਪੰਜਾਬੀ </a></span></li> <li><span dir="auto" lang="ta"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ta:Component_overview&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ta:Component overview (page does not exist)"> தமிழ் </a></span></li> <li><span dir="auto" lang="ml"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ml:Component_overview&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ml:Component overview (page does not exist)"> മലയാളം </a></span></li> <li><span dir="auto" lang="si"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Si:Component_overview&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Si:Component overview (page does not exist)"> සිංහල </a></span></li> <li><span dir="auto" lang="th"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Th:Component_overview&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Th:Component overview (page does not exist)"> ไทย </a></span></li> <li><span dir="auto" lang="my"><a 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aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none" /><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Diagramme"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Diagramme</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Base_de_données"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Base de données</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#Protocole"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Protocole</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#La_façade_OSM"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">La façade OSM</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#Carte_glissante"><span class="tocnumber">4.1</span> <span class="toctext">Carte glissante</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="#iD"><span class="tocnumber">4.2</span> <span class="toctext">iD</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="#Potlatch"><span class="tocnumber">4.3</span> <span class="toctext">Potlatch</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="#Dalles_et_rendu_des_dalles"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Dalles et rendu des dalles</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><a href="#Mapnik"><span class="tocnumber">5.1</span> <span class="toctext">Mapnik</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><a href="#Tiles@home"><span class="tocnumber">5.2</span> <span class="toctext">Tiles@home</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-11"><a href="#Logiciels_de_rendu"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Logiciels de rendu</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-12"><a href="#Editeurs"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">Editeurs</span></a></li> </ul> </div> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Diagramme">Diagramme</span></h2> <p><a href="/wiki/File:OSM_Components.png" class="image"><img alt="OSM Components.png" src="/w/images/1/15/OSM_Components.png" decoding="async" width="742" height="527" /></a> </p> <h2><span id="Base_de_donn.C3.A9es"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="Base_de_données">Base de données</span></h2> <p>La <a href="/wiki/FR:Database" title="FR:Database">base de données</a> contient toutes les données cartographiques sous la formes de noeuds (<i>nodes</i>), chemins (<i>ways</i>) et relations (à noter que l'ancienne entité <i>segment</i> a été supprimée depuis l'API 0.5). Voir <a href="/wiki/Database_schema" class="mw-redirect" title="Database schema">le schéma de la base de données</a>. </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Protocole">Protocole</span></h2> <p>Le <a href="/wiki/Protocol" class="mw-redirect" title="Protocol">protocole</a> OSM (aussi appelé "l'API") est une interface de service web REST pour lire et écrire dans la base de données. D'autres composants OSM accèdent à la base de données via l'interface. Cette interface est ouverte à l'extérieur via l'internet. </p> <h2><span id="La_fa.C3.A7ade_OSM"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="La_façade_OSM">La façade OSM</span></h2> <p>Le site web de façade est écrit avec Ruby on Rails (voir <a href="/wiki/The_Rails_Port" class="mw-redirect" title="The Rails Port">The Rails Port</a>). Il présente des options pour l'inscription des utilisateurs en utilisant une connexion directe à une base de données utilisateurs (non visible sur le diagramme). Cependant, la principale fonction du site web est d'afficher la <a href="/wiki/FR:Slippy_Map" title="FR:Slippy Map">carte glissante principale</a> (onglet "view"), et pour les utilisateurs inscrits, de pouvoir éditer les données avec l'éditeur en ligne <a href="/wiki/FR:Potlatch" class="mw-redirect" title="FR:Potlatch">Potlatch</a> (onglet "edit"). </p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Carte_glissante">Carte glissante</span></h3> <p>Voir la page de <a href="/wiki/FR:Slippy_Map" title="FR:Slippy Map">la carte glissante</a>. C'est ce qui permet l'affichage de la carte principale! C'est une interface <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ajax_(programming)" class="extiw" title="wikipedia:Ajax (programming)">AJAX</a> qui vous permet de zoomer et de vous déplacer ("glissement" panoramique avec la souris) dans la carte. </p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="iD">iD</span></h3> <p><a href="/wiki/ID" title="ID">iD</a> est l'éditeur en ligne qui apparaît dans l'onglet "edit". Là encore, l'application Rails affiche l'onglet "edit". iD est écrit en javascript. Elle peut être intégrée à d'autres sites web, pour permettre une expérience d'édition personnalisée et configurable depuis un autre endroit du web. Le prédécesseur <a href="/wiki/Potlatch_2" title="Potlatch 2">Potlatch 2</a> (utilise Flash, une technologie dépréciée) est toujours disponible dans le menu déroulant de l'onglet d'édition. </p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Potlatch">Potlatch</span></h3> <p><a href="/wiki/FR:Potlatch" class="mw-redirect" title="FR:Potlatch">Potlatch</a> est un éditeur en ligne se trouvant sous l'onglet 'edit'. C'est un objet flash inséré dans la page web. </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Dalles_et_rendu_des_dalles">Dalles et rendu des dalles</span></h2> <p>Il y a un processus continu de récupération des dernières données via l'API, et de rendu de nouvelles cartes sous la forme <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fr:Image_matricielle" class="extiw" title="wikipedia:Fr:Image matricielle">d'images matricielles</a> appelées des dalles (ou pavés) (<i>tiles</i> en anglais). Un grand nombre de dalles doivent être dessinées pour obtenir un couverture complète (globale) de la planète, et mettre à jour les données géographiques implique que les dalles existantes doivent être re-calculées à intervalle régulier. </p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Mapnik">Mapnik</span></h3> <p><a href="/wiki/FR:Mapnik" title="FR:Mapnik">Mapnik</a> est un système de rendu qui fournit la <a href="/wiki/FR:Slippy_Map" title="FR:Slippy Map">carte glissante</a> par défaut. Le processus de rendu est exécuté sur le serveur 'tile', et les images générées par Mapnik sont aussi fournies depuis cette machine. Le logiciel de rendu utilise les données venant de l'extraction de la base de données de toute la planète effectuée une fois par semaine <a href="/wiki/Planet.osm" title="Planet.osm">Planet.osm</a>. </p> <h3><span id="Tiles.40home"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="Tiles@home">Tiles@home</span></h3> <p><a href="/wiki/FR:Tiles@home" title="FR:Tiles@home">Tiles@home</a> est un système distribué de rendu de dalles. Il utilise le logiciel de rendu <a href="/wiki/FR:Osmarender" title="FR:Osmarender">Osmarender</a> fonctionnant sur la technique de transformation de fichiers XML (XSLT) et qui est sous-traité par de nombreuses machines clientes. Il prend les données en direct à travers le protocole, et les images rendues sont transférées en retour sur le serveur 'dev'. </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Logiciels_de_rendu">Logiciels de rendu</span></h2> <p>Comme mentionné précédemment, nous utilisons des logiciels de rendu appelés <a href="/wiki/FR:Mapnik" title="FR:Mapnik">Mapnik</a> et <a href="/wiki/FR:Osmarender" title="FR:Osmarender">Osmarender</a> pour créer les cartes sous forme graphique pour la carte glissante. D'autres logiciels de rendus peuvent aussi être utilisés pour créer de nouvelles cartes. Il n'y a pas de limites au développement de nouvelles façon d'afficher nos données géographiques. </p><p>Voir <a href="/wiki/Rendering" title="Rendering">Rendering</a> </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Editeurs">Editeurs</span></h2> <p>À part l'onglet "edit" de l'éditeur en ligne <a href="/wiki/FR:Potlatch" class="mw-redirect" title="FR:Potlatch">Potlatch</a>, il y a d'autres outils d'édition hors-ligne et autres sites web qui vous permettent d'éditer les données OSM via l'<a href="/wiki/API" title="API">API</a>. </p><p>L'éditeur de bureau le plus populaire est <a href="/wiki/JOSM" title="JOSM">JOSM</a>. Voir la rubrique Éditeurs pour une liste. L'API permet l'authentification via <a href="/wiki/OAuth" title="OAuth">OAuth</a>, ce qui implique que l'utilisateur accorde des autorisations au logiciel tiers, sans remettre les identifiants de connexion à OpenStreetMap. Le logiciel d'édition peut prendre la forme d'une application web (flash, javascript, ou quelque chose de plus simple), d'une application de bureau ou (de plus en plus) d'une application mobile. </p>    </div> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://wiki.openstreetmap.org/w/index.php?title=FR:Aperçu_des_composants&oldid=2062743">https://wiki.openstreetmap.org/w/index.php?title=FR:Aperçu_des_composants&oldid=2062743</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Special:Categories" title="Special:Categories">Category</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:FR:D%C3%A9veloppement" title="Category:FR:Développement">FR:Développement</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden category: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_unavailable_in_Dutch" title="Category:Pages unavailable in Dutch">Pages unavailable in Dutch</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </div> <div id="mw-navigation"> <h2>Navigation menu</h2> <div id="mw-head"> <nav id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal vector-user-menu-legacy" aria-labelledby="p-personal-label" role="navigation" > <h3 id="p-personal-label" class="vector-menu-heading " > <span class="vector-menu-heading-label">Personal tools</span> </h3> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"><li id="pt-uls" class="mw-list-item active"><a class="uls-trigger" href="#"><span>English</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=FR%3AAper%C3%A7u+des+composants" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=FR%3AAper%C3%A7u+des+composants" title="You are encouraged to log in; however, it is not mandatory [o]" accesskey="o"><span>Log in</span></a></li></ul> </div> </nav> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav id="p-namespaces" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-namespaces vector-menu-tabs vector-menu-tabs-legacy" aria-labelledby="p-namespaces-label" role="navigation" > <h3 id="p-namespaces-label" class="vector-menu-heading " > <span class="vector-menu-heading-label">Namespaces</span> </h3> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"><li id="ca-nstab-fr" class="selected mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/FR:Aper%C3%A7u_des_composants" title="[c]" accesskey="c"><span>FR</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=FR_talk:Aper%C3%A7u_des_composants&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" title="Discussion about the content page (page does not exist) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Discussion</span></a></li></ul> </div> </nav> <nav id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet vector-menu-dropdown" aria-labelledby="p-variants-label" role="navigation" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-variants-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-variants" class="vector-menu-checkbox" aria-labelledby="p-variants-label" /> <label id="p-variants-label" aria-label="Change language variant" class="vector-menu-heading " > <span class="vector-menu-heading-label">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"></ul> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation"> <nav id="p-views" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-views vector-menu-tabs vector-menu-tabs-legacy" aria-labelledby="p-views-label" role="navigation" > <h3 id="p-views-label" class="vector-menu-heading " > <span class="vector-menu-heading-label">Views</span> </h3> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"><li id="ca-view" class="selected mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/FR:Aper%C3%A7u_des_composants"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-viewsource" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=FR:Aper%C3%A7u_des_composants&action=edit" title="This page is protected.
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