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data-tooltip="Optics">physics.optics</span> </div> <div class="is-inline-block" style="margin-left: 0.5rem"> <div class="tags has-addons"> <span class="tag is-dark is-size-7">doi</span> <span class="tag is-light is-size-7"><a class="" href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-32977-8">10.1038/s41467-022-32977-8 <i class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></span> </div> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> Optical quantum super-resolution imaging and hypothesis testing </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Zanforlin%2C+U">Ugo Zanforlin</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Lupo%2C+C">Cosmo Lupo</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Connolly%2C+P+W+R">Peter W. R. Connolly</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Kok%2C+P">Pieter Kok</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Buller%2C+G+S">Gerald S. Buller</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Huang%2C+Z">Zixin Huang</a> </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2202.09406v1-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> Estimating the angular separation between two incoherent thermal sources is a challenging task for direct imaging, especially when it is smaller than or comparable to the Rayleigh length. In addition, the task of discriminating whether there are one or two sources followed by detecting the faint emission of a secondary source in the proximity of a much brighter one is in itself a severe challenge… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2202.09406v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('2202.09406v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2202.09406v1-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> Estimating the angular separation between two incoherent thermal sources is a challenging task for direct imaging, especially when it is smaller than or comparable to the Rayleigh length. In addition, the task of discriminating whether there are one or two sources followed by detecting the faint emission of a secondary source in the proximity of a much brighter one is in itself a severe challenge for direct imaging. Here, we experimentally demonstrate two tasks for superresolution imaging based on quantum state discrimination and quantum imaging techniques. We show that one can significantly reduce the probability of error for detecting the presence of a weak secondary source, especially when the two sources have small angular separations. In this work, we reduce the experimental complexity down to a single two-mode interferometer: we show that (1) this simple set-up is sufficient for the state discrimination task, and (2) if the two sources are of equal brightness, then this measurement can super-resolve their angular separation, saturating the quantum Cram茅r-Rao bound. By using a collection baseline of 5.3~mm, we resolve the angular separation of two sources that are placed 15~$渭$m apart at a distance of 1.0~m with an accuracy of $1.7\%$--this is between 2 to 3 orders of magnitudes more accurate than shot-noise limited direct imaging. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2202.09406v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('2202.09406v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 18 February, 2022; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> February 2022. </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Comments:</span> <span class="has-text-grey-dark mathjax">17 pages, 16 figures</span> </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2105.12126">arXiv:2105.12126</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/2105.12126">pdf</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics">physics.ao-ph</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Solar and Stellar Astrophysics">astro-ph.SR</span> </div> <div class="is-inline-block" style="margin-left: 0.5rem"> <div class="tags has-addons"> <span class="tag is-dark is-size-7">doi</span> <span class="tag is-light is-size-7"><a class="" href="https://doi.org/10.1088/1674-4527/21/6/131">10.1088/1674-4527/21/6/131 <i class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></span> </div> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> How much has the Sun influenced Northern Hemisphere temperature trends? An ongoing debate </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Connolly%2C+R">Ronan Connolly</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Soon%2C+W">Willie Soon</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Connolly%2C+M">Michael Connolly</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Baliunas%2C+S">Sallie Baliunas</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Berglund%2C+J">Johan Berglund</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Butler%2C+C+J">C. J. Butler</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Cionco%2C+R+G">Rodolfo Gustavo Cionco</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Elias%2C+A+G">Ana G. Elias</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Fedorov%2C+V+M">Valery M. Fedorov</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Harde%2C+H">Hermann Harde</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Henry%2C+G+W">Gregory W. Henry</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Hoyt%2C+D+V">Douglas V. Hoyt</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Humlum%2C+O">Ole Humlum</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Legates%2C+D+R">David R. Legates</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=L%C3%BCning%2C+S">Sebastian L眉ning</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Scafetta%2C+N">Nicola Scafetta</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Solheim%2C+J">Jan-Erik Solheim</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Szarka%2C+L">L谩szl贸 Szarka</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=van+Loon%2C+H">Harry van Loon</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Herrera%2C+V+M+V">V铆ctor M. Velasco Herrera</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Willson%2C+R+C">Richard C. Willson</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Yan%2C+H">Hong Yan</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Zhang%2C+W">Weijia Zhang</a> </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2105.12126v1-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> To evaluate the role of Total Solar Irradiance (TSI) on Northern Hemisphere (NH) surface air temperature trends it is important to have reliable estimates of both quantities. 16 different TSI estimates were compiled from the literature. 1/2 of these estimates are low variability and 1/2 are high variability. 5 largely-independent methods for estimating NH temperature trends were evaluated using: 1… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2105.12126v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('2105.12126v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2105.12126v1-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> To evaluate the role of Total Solar Irradiance (TSI) on Northern Hemisphere (NH) surface air temperature trends it is important to have reliable estimates of both quantities. 16 different TSI estimates were compiled from the literature. 1/2 of these estimates are low variability and 1/2 are high variability. 5 largely-independent methods for estimating NH temperature trends were evaluated using: 1) only rural weather stations; 2) all available stations whether urban or rural (the standard approach); 3) only sea surface temperatures; 4) tree-ring temperature proxies; 5) glacier length temperature proxies. The standard estimates using urban as well as rural stations were anomalous as they implied a much greater warming in recent decades than the other estimates. This suggests urbanization bias might still be a problem in current global temperature datasets despite the conclusions of some earlier studies. Still, all 5 estimates confirm it is currently warmer than the late 19th century, i.e., there has been some global warming since 1850. For the 5 estimates of NH temperatures, the contribution from direct solar forcing for all 16 estimates of TSI was evaluated using simple linear least-squares fitting. The role of human activity in recent warming was then calculated by fitting the residuals to the UN IPCC's recommended anthropogenic forcings time series. For all 5 NH temperature series, different TSI estimates implied everything from recent global warming being mostly human-caused to it being mostly natural. It seems previous studies (including the most recent IPCC reports) that had prematurely concluded the former failed to adequately consider all the relevant estimates of TSI and/or to satisfactorily address the uncertainties still associated with NH temperature trend estimates. Several recommendations are provided on how future research could more satisfactorily resolve these issues. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2105.12126v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('2105.12126v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 26 May, 2021; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> May 2021. </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Comments:</span> <span class="has-text-grey-dark mathjax">71 pages, 18 figures. To be published in Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics</span> </p> </li> </ol> <div class="is-hidden-tablet"> <!-- feedback for mobile only --> <span class="help" style="display: inline-block;"><a href="https://github.com/arXiv/arxiv-search/releases">Search v0.5.6 released 2020-02-24</a> </span> </div> </div> </main> <footer> <div class="columns is-desktop" role="navigation" aria-label="Secondary"> <!-- MetaColumn 1 --> <div class="column"> <div class="columns"> <div class="column"> <ul class="nav-spaced"> <li><a href="https://info.arxiv.org/about">About</a></li> <li><a href="https://info.arxiv.org/help">Help</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="column"> <ul class="nav-spaced"> <li> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512" class="icon filter-black" role="presentation"><title>contact arXiv</title><desc>Click here to contact arXiv</desc><path d="M502.3 190.8c3.9-3.1 9.7-.2 9.7 4.7V400c0 26.5-21.5 48-48 48H48c-26.5 0-48-21.5-48-48V195.6c0-5 5.7-7.8 9.7-4.7 22.4 17.4 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