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</div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Amazon rainforest</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 87 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-87" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">87 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amasonere%C3%ABnwoud" title="Amasonereënwoud – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Amasonereënwoud" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%88%D9%86" title="غابة الأمازون – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="غابة الأمازون" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selva_amazonica" title="Selva amazonica – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Selva amazonica" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%A5%DC%92%DC%90_%DC%95%DC%90%DC%A1%DC%99%DC%98%DC%A2" title="ܥܒܐ ܕܐܡܙܘܢ – Aramaic" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܥܒܐ ܕܐܡܙܘܢ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramaic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%A6%D5%B8%D5%B6%D5%AB_%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%BC%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Ամազոնի անտառներ – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Ամազոնի անտառներ" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazonia" title="Amazonia – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Amazonia" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazon_ya%C4%9F%C4%B1%C5%9F_me%C5%9F%C9%99l%C9%99ri" title="Amazon yağış meşələri – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Amazon yağış meşələri" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%88%D9%86_%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%BA%DB%8C%D8%B4_%D9%85%D8%B4%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D9%84%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="آمازون یاغیش مشه‌لری – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="آمازون یاغیش مشه‌لری" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A3%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF" title="আমাজন অরণ্য – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="আমাজন অরণ্য" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%81%D1%8B_%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%96" title="Дажджавыя лясы Амазоніі – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Дажджавыя лясы Амазоніі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B2" title="अमेजन जंगल – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="अमेजन जंगल" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Амазонска екваториална гора – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Амазонска екваториална гора" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selva_amaz%C3%B2nica" title="Selva amazònica – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Selva amazònica" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazonsk%C3%BD_prales" title="Amazonský prales – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Amazonský prales" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regnskoven_i_Amazonas" title="Regnskoven i Amazonas – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Regnskoven i Amazonas" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A9_%D8%AF_%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%88%D9%86" title="غابة د لأمازون – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="غابة د لأمازون" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazonas-Regenwald" title="Amazonas-Regenwald – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Amazonas-Regenwald" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%80%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C_%CE%B4%CE%AC%CF%83%CE%BF%CF%82_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%91%CE%BC%CE%B1%CE%B6%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%AF%CE%BF%CF%85" title="Τροπικό δάσος του Αμαζονίου – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Τροπικό δάσος του Αμαζονίου" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazon_rainforest" title="Amazon rainforest – English" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Amazon rainforest" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selva_amaz%C3%B3nica" title="Selva amazónica – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Selva amazónica" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazona_arbaro" title="Amazona arbaro – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Amazona arbaro" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazoniako_oihana" title="Amazoniako oihana – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Amazoniako oihana" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%86%DA%AF%D9%84%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%A2%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%88%D9%86" title="جنگل‌های آمازون – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جنگل‌های آمازون" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/For%C3%AAt_amazonienne" title="Forêt amazonienne – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Forêt amazonienne" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foraois_bh%C3%A1ist%C3%AD_na_hAmas%C3%B3ine" title="Foraois bháistí na hAmasóine – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Foraois bháistí na hAmasóine" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selva_amaz%C3%B3nica" title="Selva amazónica – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Selva amazónica" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%84%EB%A7%88%EC%A1%B4_%EC%9A%B0%EB%A6%BC" title="아마존 우림 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="아마존 우림" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%A6%D5%B8%D5%B6%D5%AB_%D5%AD%D5%B8%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%BE_%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%BC%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Ամազոնի խոնավ անտառներ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ամազոնի խոնավ անտառներ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BC%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A8" title="अमेज़न वर्षावन – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="अमेज़न वर्षावन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazonska_pra%C5%A1uma" title="Amazonska prašuma – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Amazonska prašuma" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hutan_hujan_Amazon" title="Hutan hujan Amazon – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Hutan hujan Amazon" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amas%C3%B3nfrumsk%C3%B3gurinn" title="Amasónfrumskógurinn – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Amasónfrumskógurinn" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%99%D7%A2%D7%A8_%D7%94%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%96%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%90%D7%A1" title="יער האמזונאס – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="יער האמזונאס" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%85%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%9C%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%B3%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A1%E0%B3%81" title="ಅಮೆಜಾನ್ ಮಳೆಕಾಡು – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಅಮೆಜಾನ್ ಮಳೆಕಾಡು" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%96%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%AF%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9C%E1%83%92%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="ამაზონის ჯუნგლები – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ამაზონის ჯუნგლები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Msitu_wa_Amazon" title="Msitu wa Amazon – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Msitu wa Amazon" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bosch_dl%E2%80%99Amazonia" title="Bosch dl’Amazonia – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Bosch dl’Amazonia" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%9B%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%BB%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%95%E0%BA%B6%E0%BA%9A%E0%BB%9C%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%BB%E0%BA%99" title="ປ່າດົງຕຶບໜາອາມາຊົນ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ປ່າດົງຕຶບໜາອາມາຊົນ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silvae_pluviales_Amazoniae" title="Silvae pluviales Amazoniae – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Silvae pluviales Amazoniae" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazones_lietus_me%C5%BEs" title="Amazones lietus mežs – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Amazones lietus mežs" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F" title="अमेजन रेनफरेस्ट – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="अमेजन रेनफरेस्ट" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%86%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8B%E0%B5%BA_%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%B4%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BE" title="ആമസോൺ മഴക്കാടുകൾ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ആമസോൺ മഴക്കാടുകൾ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%B2%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9D%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A8" title="ॲमेझॉन वर्षावन – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="ॲमेझॉन वर्षावन" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%88%D9%86" title="غابة الامازون – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="غابة الامازون" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mnw mw-list-item"><a href="https://mnw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%82%E1%80%BC%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA%E1%80%97%E1%80%BC%E1%80%B2_%E1%80%A1%E1%80%99%E1%80%87%E1%80%BC%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA" title="ဂြိုပ်ဗြဲ အမဇြောန် – Mon" lang="mnw" hreflang="mnw" data-title="ဂြိုပ်ဗြဲ အမဇြောန်" data-language-autonym="ဘာသာမန်" data-language-local-name="Mon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ဘာသာမန်</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%88%D9%86" title="آمازون – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="آمازون" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hutan_hujan_Amazon" title="Hutan hujan Amazon – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Hutan hujan Amazon" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%99%E1%80%B1%E1%80%87%E1%80%AF%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA_%E1%80%99%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9E%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA%E1%80%90%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC" title="အမေဇုန် မိုးသစ်တော – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အမေဇုန် မိုးသစ်တော" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazoneregenwoud" title="Amazoneregenwoud – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Amazoneregenwoud" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A8" title="अमेजन वर्षावन – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="अमेजन वर्षावन" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE-%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%81" title="अमेजन वा-गुँ – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="अमेजन वा-गुँ" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%9E%E3%82%BE%E3%83%B3%E7%86%B1%E5%B8%AF%E9%9B%A8%E6%9E%97" title="アマゾン熱帯雨林 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アマゾン熱帯雨林" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazonasregnskogen" title="Amazonasregnskogen – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Amazonasregnskogen" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regnskogen_i_Amazonas" title="Regnskogen i Amazonas – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Regnskogen i Amazonas" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seuva_Amazonica" title="Seuva Amazonica – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Seuva Amazonica" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazon_o%CA%BBrmonlari" title="Amazon oʻrmonlari – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Amazon oʻrmonlari" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%90%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BC%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%A8_%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BE_%E0%A8%9C%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%B2" title="ਐਮਾਜ਼ੋਨ ਵਰਖਾ ਜੰਗਲ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਐਮਾਜ਼ੋਨ ਵਰਖਾ ਜੰਗਲ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B2%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C_%D8%AC%D9%86%DA%AF%D9%84" title="ایمیزون برساتی جنگل – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ایمیزون برساتی جنگل" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A_%DA%81%D9%86%DA%AB%D9%84" title="امازون باراني ځنګل – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="امازون باراني ځنګل" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C4%83durea_Amazonian%C4%83" title="Pădurea Amazoniană – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Pădurea Amazoniană" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amarumayu_sach%27a-sach%27a_suyu" title="Amarumayu sach'a-sach'a suyu – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Amarumayu sach'a-sach'a suyu" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B0_%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B8" title="Дождевые леса Амазонии – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Дождевые леса Амазонии" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ya-ma-sun-yi-lin" title="Ya-ma-sun-yi-lin – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="Ya-ma-sun-yi-lin" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A2%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A1%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%B1_%E1%B1%B5%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A8" title="ᱟᱢᱟᱡᱚᱱ ᱵᱤᱨ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱟᱢᱟᱡᱚᱱ ᱵᱤᱨ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pylli_i_Amazon%C3%ABs" title="Pylli i Amazonës – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Pylli i Amazonës" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%87%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%9D%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A_%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%90%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%92_%E0%B7%80%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AD%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%BA" title="ඇමසෝන් වැසි වනාන්තරය – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ඇමසෝන් වැසි වනාන්තරය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazonsk%C3%BD_prales" title="Amazonský prales – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Amazonský prales" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazonski_de%C5%BEevni_gozd" title="Amazonski deževni gozd – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Amazonski deževni gozd" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%A6%DB%95%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%86%D9%86" title="دارستانی ئەمازۆن – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="دارستانی ئەمازۆن" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%88%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Амазонска прашума – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Амазонска прашума" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazonska_pra%C5%A1uma" title="Amazonska prašuma – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Amazonska prašuma" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazonin_sademets%C3%A4" title="Amazonin sademetsä – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Amazonin sademetsä" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazonas_regnskog" title="Amazonas regnskog – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Amazonas regnskog" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%B4%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81" title="அமேசான் மழைக்காடு – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="அமேசான் மழைக்காடு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti%E1%BA%93gi_n_Ama%E1%BA%93un" title="Tiẓgi n Amaẓun – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Tiẓgi n Amaẓun" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%85%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%9C%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B7%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A3%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82" title="అమెజాన్ వర్షారణ్యం – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="అమెజాన్ వర్షారణ్యం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Amazon_biome_outline_map.svg/250px-Amazon_biome_outline_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Amazon_biome_outline_map.svg/375px-Amazon_biome_outline_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Amazon_biome_outline_map.svg/500px-Amazon_biome_outline_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="371" data-file-height="279" /></a><figcaption>Map of the Amazon rainforest ecoregions</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bosquebombus.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Bosquebombus.jpg/250px-Bosquebombus.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Bosquebombus.jpg/375px-Bosquebombus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2f/Bosquebombus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="315" /></a><figcaption>Rain forest trees</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Leptophis_ahaetulla,_a_Parrot_Snake.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Leptophis_ahaetulla%2C_a_Parrot_Snake.jpg/250px-Leptophis_ahaetulla%2C_a_Parrot_Snake.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="186" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Leptophis_ahaetulla%2C_a_Parrot_Snake.jpg/375px-Leptophis_ahaetulla%2C_a_Parrot_Snake.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Leptophis_ahaetulla%2C_a_Parrot_Snake.jpg/500px-Leptophis_ahaetulla%2C_a_Parrot_Snake.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="596" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Venomous_snake" title="Venomous snake">Venomous snake</a> from the rainforest: the black-skinned <a href="/w/index.php?title=Parrotsnake&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Parrotsnake (not yet started)">parrotsnake</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rubber_tree_up_(2657925156).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Rubber_tree_up_%282657925156%29.jpg/250px-Rubber_tree_up_%282657925156%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Rubber_tree_up_%282657925156%29.jpg/375px-Rubber_tree_up_%282657925156%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Rubber_tree_up_%282657925156%29.jpg/500px-Rubber_tree_up_%282657925156%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>How people collect rubber from trees</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>Amazon rainforest</b> is the largest <a href="/wiki/Tropical_rainforest" title="Tropical rainforest">tropical rainforest</a> in the <a href="/wiki/World" title="World">world</a>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Forest" title="Forest">forest</a> is in a <a href="/wiki/Basin" class="mw-disambig" title="Basin">basin</a> <a href="https://simple.wiktionary.org/wiki/drain" class="extiw" title="wikt:drain">drained</a> mainly by the <a href="/wiki/Amazon_River" title="Amazon River">Amazon River</a>, with 1,100 <a href="/wiki/Tributary" title="Tributary">tributaries</a>. It is a <a href="https://simple.wiktionary.org/wiki/moist" class="extiw" title="wikt:moist">moist</a> <a href="/wiki/Broadleaf" class="mw-disambig" title="Broadleaf">broadleaf</a> forest which covers 7,000,000 square kilometres (2,700,000 sq mi). Of this, 5,500,000 square kilometres (2,100,000 sq mi) are covered by the rainforest. </p><p>This region includes territory from nine nations. Most of the forest is in <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a>, with 60% of the rainforest, followed by <a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a> with 13%, and <a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a> with 10%. <a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ecuador" title="Ecuador">Ecuador</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bolivia" title="Bolivia">Bolivia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana">Guyana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Suriname" title="Suriname">Suriname</a> and <a href="/wiki/French_Guiana" title="French Guiana">French Guiana</a> have just a small amount of rainforest.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Amazon has over half of the planet's <a href="/wiki/Rainforest" class="mw-disambig" title="Rainforest">rainforest</a> area.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has many species of plants some include <a href="/wiki/Rosewood" title="Rosewood">rosewood</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mahogany" title="Mahogany">mahogany</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ebony" class="mw-disambig" title="Ebony">ebony</a>. It is the largest and most <a href="/wiki/Species" title="Species">species</a>-rich tract of tropical rainforest in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-eurekalert.org_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eurekalert.org-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The forest was formed at least 55 million years ago, in the <a href="/wiki/Eocene" title="Eocene">Eocene</a> period.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biodiversity">Biodiversity</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amazon_rainforest&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Change section: Biodiversity" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amazon_rainforest&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Biodiversity"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Roots_by_cesarpb.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Roots_by_cesarpb.jpg/240px-Roots_by_cesarpb.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Roots_by_cesarpb.jpg/360px-Roots_by_cesarpb.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Roots_by_cesarpb.jpg/480px-Roots_by_cesarpb.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a><figcaption>Aerial roots of red <a href="/wiki/Mangrove" title="Mangrove">mangrove</a> on an Amazonian river</figcaption></figure> <p>Wet tropical forests are the most species-rich <a href="/wiki/Biome" title="Biome">biome</a>. Tropical forests in the <a href="/wiki/The_Americas" class="mw-redirect" title="The Americas">Americas</a> have more species than <a href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa">African</a> and <a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asian</a> wet forests. </p><p>More than one-third of all species in the world live in the Amazon rainforest.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is the richest tropical forest in the world in terms of <a href="/wiki/Biodiversity" title="Biodiversity">biodiversity</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The region is home to ~2.5 million <a href="/wiki/Insect" title="Insect">insect</a> <a href="/wiki/Species" title="Species">species</a>, tens of thousands of species of <a href="/wiki/Plant" title="Plant">plants</a>, and some 2000 species of <a href="/wiki/Bird" title="Bird">birds</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mammal" title="Mammal">mammals</a> and a similar number of fish.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The diversity of plant species is the highest on earth with some experts estimating that one square kilometre may contain over 75,000 types of trees and 150,000 species of higher plants.<sup id="cite_ref-Turner_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Turner-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These trees absorb tons of carbon dioxide every year and slow down the climate change along with producing 20% of earth's oxygen. Hence, they are also known as '<i>Lungs of Earth</i>'.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One square kilometre of Amazon rainforest can have about 90,000 tons of living plants. This is the largest collection of living plants and animal species in the world. One in five of all the birds in the world live here. To date, an estimated 438,000 species of plants of economic and social interest have been registered in the region with many more remaining to be discovered or cataloged. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Conservation">Conservation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amazon_rainforest&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Change section: Conservation" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amazon_rainforest&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Conservation"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:River_in_the_Amazon_rainforest.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/River_in_the_Amazon_rainforest.jpg/250px-River_in_the_Amazon_rainforest.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/River_in_the_Amazon_rainforest.jpg/375px-River_in_the_Amazon_rainforest.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/River_in_the_Amazon_rainforest.jpg/500px-River_in_the_Amazon_rainforest.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>A river in the Amazon rainforest</figcaption></figure> <p>The rain forest is shrinking. Man is causing this. More than a fifth of the Amazon rainforest has already been <a href="/wiki/Deforestation" title="Deforestation">destroyed</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The forest which remains is threatened. People who care for the environment warn about the loss of biodiversity. They also point out that releasing the <a href="/wiki/Carbon" title="Carbon">carbon</a> which is stored in the trees will increase <a href="/wiki/Global_warming" title="Global warming">global warming</a>. </p><p>Environmentalists are concerned about loss of <a href="/wiki/Biodiversity" title="Biodiversity">biodiversity</a> due to the destruction of the forest. Also, the release of the <a href="/wiki/Carbon" title="Carbon">carbon</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Vegetation" title="Vegetation">vegetation</a> would accelerate <a href="/wiki/Global_warming" title="Global warming">global warming</a>. Amazonian evergreen forests account for about 10% of the world's productivity on land and 10% of the carbon stores in <a href="/wiki/Ecosystem" title="Ecosystem">ecosystems</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Melillo_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Melillo-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of the order of 1.1 × 10<sup>11</sup> metric <a href="/wiki/Tonne" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Tonne">tonnes</a> of carbon.<sup id="cite_ref-Tian_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tian-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Amazonian forests are estimated to have accumulated 0.62 ± 0.37 tons of carbon per hectare per year between 1975 and 1996.<sup id="cite_ref-Tian_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tian-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some people have calculated that it may even pay to save the forest. They said that one <a href="/wiki/Hectare" title="Hectare">hectare</a> of Amazonian forest in <a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a> is worth about US$6280, if it is used to harvest <a href="/wiki/Fruit" title="Fruit">fruits</a>, <a href="/wiki/Latex" title="Latex">latex</a> and <a href="/wiki/Timber" class="mw-redirect" title="Timber">timber</a> (wood). If all the wood is cut down for timber, it has a value of about US$1000. Obviously, this can only be done once; it is not sustainable. When the forest has been cleared, the hectare of land can be used as a <a href="/wiki/Pasture" title="Pasture">pasture</a>, and is worth about US$148. Not all people agree on the study; some have questioned the assumptions behind it. </p><p>The Brazilian Air Force has been using surveillance aircraft to monitor the forest. At a <a href="/wiki/Conference" title="Conference">conference</a> in 2004, scientists warned that the rainforest will no longer be able to absorb the millions of tons of <a href="/wiki/Greenhouse_gas" title="Greenhouse gas">greenhouse gases</a> annually, as it usually does, because of the increased speed of rainforest destruction. </p><p>By 2018, about 17% of the Amazon rainforest had been destroyed. When 20–25% (3–8% more) is destroyed, the climate will change. It will flip to a non-forest ecosystem – degraded <a href="/wiki/Savannah" class="mw-redirect" title="Savannah">savannah</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As their homelands continue to be destroyed by deforestation, rainforest peoples are also disappearing. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rubber_boom">Rubber boom</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amazon_rainforest&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Change section: Rubber boom" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amazon_rainforest&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Rubber boom"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Once the process of <a href="/wiki/Vulcanization" title="Vulcanization">vulcanization</a> was invented, companies began to make many kinds of new <a href="/wiki/Rubber" title="Rubber">rubber</a> products, such as boots and seals for machines. American and European companies began buying large amounts of <a href="/wiki/Latex" title="Latex">latex</a> from Brazil. This boom in Brazilian rubber began around 1870, but the need for automobile <a href="/wiki/Tire" title="Tire">tires</a> brought the greatest wealth to the new rubber producers.<sup id="cite_ref-rubber_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rubber-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Other rain forests have <a href="/wiki/Rubber_tree" class="mw-redirect" title="Rubber tree">rubber trees</a>, but Amazonia has by far the best. However, the trees could not be farmed on <a href="/wiki/Plantation" title="Plantation">plantations</a> because if they were next to each other, the insects would eat them. Therefore, people had to find the trees in the rain forest, cut slits in them, leave cups to collect the latex, and come back later to get it.<sup id="cite_ref-rubber_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rubber-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Thousands of people moved to the rain forest to work collecting rubber. Most of these people were hired by rich rubber merchants. The rubber merchants loaned them money to come down the river and buy tools. Each merchant’s collectors had to sell the rubber only to their rubber merchant at low prices and buy supplies only from them at high prices. That meant the collectors were always in debt to their merchant and could not leave to do something else. The rubber merchants quickly became very rich. </p><p>The center of the rubber trade was <a href="/wiki/Manaus" title="Manaus">Manaus</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Rio_Negro_(Amazon)" title="Rio Negro (Amazon)">Rio Negro</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-rubber_16-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rubber-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It became first a boom town and then a beautiful, wealthy city. It had <a href="/wiki/Electricity" title="Electricity">electricity</a> before most of the cities in the United States did.<sup id="cite_ref-rubber_16-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rubber-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The newly rich merchants built huge expensive homes and brought in automobiles to travel on the city’s few roads. They built a magnificent <a href="/wiki/Opera_house" title="Opera house">opera house</a> with crystal chandeliers and decorated tiles brought all the way from Europe.<sup id="cite_ref-rubber_16-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rubber-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>However, the rubber boom only lasted about forty years, ending by 1913.<sup id="cite_ref-rubber_16-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rubber-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some men had taken the seeds of the Amazon rubber trees and began growing them in the Asian rain forests. The trees grew well there, and they could be grown on plantations. The insects that could destroy them were in South America. So the price of rubber began to fall, and the Amazon rubber boom stopped.<sup id="cite_ref-rubber_16-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rubber-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Related_pages">Related pages</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amazon_rainforest&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Change section: Related pages" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amazon_rainforest&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Related pages"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ecology" title="Ecology">Ecology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forestry" title="Forestry">Forestry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Brazil_wildfires" title="2019 Brazil wildfires">2019 Brazil wildfires</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Brazil_wildfires" title="2020 Brazil wildfires">2020 Brazil wildfires</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amazon_rainforest&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Change section: References" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amazon_rainforest&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: References"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9724317">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9724332">.mw-parser-output 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(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.softschools.com/facts/wonders_of_the_world/amazon_rainforest_facts/98/">"Amazon Rainforest Facts"</a>. <i>SoftSchools.com</i>. April 20, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 20,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=SoftSchools.com&rft.atitle=Amazon+Rainforest+Facts&rft.date=2016-04-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.softschools.com%2Ffacts%2Fwonders_of_the_world%2Famazon_rainforest_facts%2F98%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AAmazon+rainforest" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com">"WNF: Places: Amazon"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 June</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=WNF%3A+Places%3A+Amazon&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.amazon.com&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AAmazon+rainforest" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-eurekalert.org-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-eurekalert.org_3-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191207091818/https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2013-10/fm-fms101413.php">"Field Museum scientists estimate 16,000 tree species in the Amazon"</a>. <i>Field Museum</i>. 17 October 2013. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2013-10/fm-fms101413.php">the original</a> on 7 December 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 October</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Field+Museum&rft.atitle=Field+Museum+scientists+estimate+16%2C000+tree+species+in+the+Amazon&rft.date=2013-10-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eurekalert.org%2Fpub_releases%2F2013-10%2Ffm-fms101413.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AAmazon+rainforest" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.msn.com/en-in/news/world/amazon-rainforest-fires-in-brazil-surge-to-highest-levels-since-2010/vi-AA1qeo4S">"MSN"</a>. <i>www.msn.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-09-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.msn.com&rft.atitle=MSN&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.msn.com%2Fen-in%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Famazon-rainforest-fires-in-brazil-surge-to-highest-levels-since-2010%2Fvi-AA1qeo4S&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AAmazon+rainforest" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140503151515/http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/NEWS/0,,contentMDK:20757099~pagePK:64257043~piPK:437376~theSitePK:4607,00.html">"Amazon rainforest fact sheet"</a>. World Bank. December 15, 2005. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/NEWS/0,,contentMDK:20757099~pagePK:64257043~piPK:437376~theSitePK:4607,00.html">the original</a> on May 3, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 13,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Amazon+rainforest+fact+sheet&rft.pub=World+Bank&rft.date=2005-12-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fweb.worldbank.org%2FWBSITE%2FEXTERNAL%2FNEWS%2F0%2C%2CcontentMDK%3A20757099~pagePK%3A64257043~piPK%3A437376~theSitePK%3A4607%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AAmazon+rainforest" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.reuters.com/world/americas/amazon-rivers-low-water-levels-bring-fresh-challenges-locals-2024-09-08/">https://www.reuters.com/world/americas/amazon-rivers-low-water-levels-bring-fresh-challenges-locals-2024-09-08/</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332" /><cite id="CITEREFAlbert_J.S._&_Reis_R.E._2011." class="citation book cs1">Albert J.S. & Reis R.E. 2011. (ed.). <i>Historical biogeography of neotropical freshwater fishes</i>. Berkeley: University of California Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+biogeography+of+neotropical+freshwater+fishes&rft.place=Berkeley&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AAmazon+rainforest" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: numeric names: editors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_editors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: editors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Turner-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Turner_8-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Turner I.M. 2001. <i>The ecology of trees in the tropical rain forest</i>. Cambridge University Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-80183-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-80183-4">0-521-80183-4</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ceh.ac.uk/news-and-media/news/tropical-rainforests-lungs-planet-reveal-true-sensitivity-global-warming">"Tropical rainforests, 'lungs' of the planet, reveal true sensitivity to global warming | UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology"</a>. <i>www.ceh.ac.uk</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-09-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.ceh.ac.uk&rft.atitle=Tropical+rainforests%2C+%27lungs%27+of+the+planet%2C+reveal+true+sensitivity+to+global+warming+%7C+UK+Centre+for+Ecology+%26+Hydrology&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ceh.ac.uk%2Fnews-and-media%2Fnews%2Ftropical-rainforests-lungs-planet-reveal-true-sensitivity-global-warming&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AAmazon+rainforest" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20130226-amazon-lungs-of-the-planet">"Amazon: Lungs of the planet"</a>. <i>www.bbc.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-09-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.bbc.com&rft.atitle=Amazon%3A+Lungs+of+the+planet&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Ffuture%2Farticle%2F20130226-amazon-lungs-of-the-planet&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AAmazon+rainforest" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/interactive/2022/brazil-amazon-deforestation-enforcement/">"Deforesters are plundering the Amazon. Brazil is letting them get away with it"</a>. <i>Washington Post</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-09-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Deforesters+are+plundering+the+Amazon.+Brazil+is+letting+them+get+away+with+it.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fworld%2Finteractive%2F2022%2Fbrazil-amazon-deforestation-enforcement%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AAmazon+rainforest" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Melillo-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Melillo_12-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332" /><cite id="CITEREFMelillo1993" class="citation journal cs1">Melillo, J. M.; et al. (May 20, 1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sim_nature-uk_1993-05-20_363_6426/page/n63">"Global climate change and terrestrial net primary production"</a>. <i>Nature</i>. <b>363</b> (6426): <span class="nowrap">234–</span>240. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2F363234a0">10.1038/363234a0</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0028-0836">0028-0836</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:4370074">4370074</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.atitle=Global+climate+change+and+terrestrial+net+primary+production&rft.volume=363&rft.issue=6426&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E234-%3C%2Fspan%3E240&rft.date=1993-05-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A4370074%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0028-0836&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2F363234a0&rft.aulast=Melillo&rft.aufirst=J.+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsim_nature-uk_1993-05-20_363_6426%2Fpage%2Fn63&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AAmazon+rainforest" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tian-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Tian_13-0">13.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Tian_13-1">13.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332" /><cite id="CITEREFTian2000" class="citation journal cs1">Tian, H.; et al. (July 2000). "Climatic and biotic controls on annual carbon storage in Amazonian ecosystems". <i>Global Ecology and Biogeography</i>. <b>9</b> (4): <span class="nowrap">315–</span>335. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1046%2Fj.1365-2699.2000.00198.x">10.1046/j.1365-2699.2000.00198.x</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Global+Ecology+and+Biogeography&rft.atitle=Climatic+and+biotic+controls+on+annual+carbon+storage+in+Amazonian+ecosystems&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E315-%3C%2Fspan%3E335&rft.date=2000-07&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1046%2Fj.1365-2699.2000.00198.x&rft.aulast=Tian&rft.aufirst=H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AAmazon+rainforest" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.euronews.com/2018/02/22/amazon-rainforest-heading-to-point-of-no-return-">"Amazon Rainforest 'heading to point of no return'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. February 22, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Amazon+Rainforest+%27heading+to+point+of+no+return%27&rft.date=2018-02-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.euronews.com%2F2018%2F02%2F22%2Famazon-rainforest-heading-to-point-of-no-return-&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AAmazon+rainforest" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://advances.sciencemag.org/content/4/2/eaat2340">"Amazon Tipping Point"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Amazon+Tipping+Point&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fadvances.sciencemag.org%2Fcontent%2F4%2F2%2Feaat2340&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AAmazon+rainforest" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rubber-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-rubber_16-0">16.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-rubber_16-1">16.1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-rubber_16-2">16.2</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-rubber_16-3">16.3</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-rubber_16-4">16.4</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-rubber_16-5">16.5</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-rubber_16-6">16.6</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Theresa K. Buskey <i>History and geography</i>. Alpha Omega Publications. p26 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-58095-155-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-58095-155-5">978-1-58095-155-5</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_websites">Other websites</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amazon_rainforest&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Change section: Other websites" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amazon_rainforest&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Other websites"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9671870">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9671876">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r8662964">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <i><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Amazon_Rainforest" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Amazon Rainforest"><span style="">Amazon Rainforest</span></a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.freewebs.com/clickforcharity/environmentalcharities.htm">Some links to help save the rainforest for free by clicking once every day</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.post-gazette.com/pg/05171/524318.stm">Amazon burning</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060213015005/http://www.post-gazette.com/pg/05171/524318.stm">Archived</a> 2006-02-13 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.freewebs.com/amazonrainforestinfomation/">More info on the Amazon Rainforest</a></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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