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The blog will offer irregular postings about cognitive biases, logical fallacies, and illusions.</span></p> </div> </div> </div></div> </div> </div> <div class='header-cap-bottom cap-bottom'> <div class='cap-left'></div> <div class='cap-right'></div> </div> </div> </header> <div class='tabs-outer'> <div class='tabs-cap-top cap-top'> <div class='cap-left'></div> <div class='cap-right'></div> </div> <div class='fauxborder-left tabs-fauxborder-left'> <div class='fauxborder-right tabs-fauxborder-right'></div> <div class='region-inner tabs-inner'> <div class='tabs section' id='crosscol' name='Cross-Column'><div class='widget Text' data-version='1' id='Text3'> <h2 class='title'>Site Map</h2> <div class='widget-content'> <ul><li><a href="http://59ways.blogspot.com/">Home</a></li> <li><a href="http://59ways.blogspot.com/p/index-of-unnatural-acts-that-can.html">Archive</a></li><li><a href="http://www.skepdic.com/UnnaturalVirtue.html">Podcast</a></li><li dragover="true"><a href="http://59ways.blogspot.com/p/about-book.html">About the Book</a></li><li> <a href="http://59ways.blogspot.com/p/about-author.html" dragover="true">About the Author</a></li></ul><br/> </div> <div class='clear'></div> </div></div> <div class='tabs no-items section' id='crosscol-overflow' name='Cross-Column 2'></div> </div> </div> <div class='tabs-cap-bottom cap-bottom'> <div class='cap-left'></div> <div class='cap-right'></div> </div> </div> <div class='main-outer'> <div class='main-cap-top cap-top'> <div class='cap-left'></div> <div class='cap-right'></div> </div> <div class='fauxborder-left main-fauxborder-left'> <div class='fauxborder-right main-fauxborder-right'></div> <div class='region-inner main-inner'> <div class='columns fauxcolumns'> <div class='fauxcolumn-outer fauxcolumn-center-outer'> <div class='cap-top'> <div class='cap-left'></div> <div class='cap-right'></div> </div> <div class='fauxborder-left'> <div class='fauxborder-right'></div> <div class='fauxcolumn-inner'> </div> </div> <div class='cap-bottom'> <div class='cap-left'></div> <div class='cap-right'></div> </div> </div> <div class='fauxcolumn-outer fauxcolumn-left-outer'> <div class='cap-top'> <div class='cap-left'></div> <div class='cap-right'></div> </div> <div class='fauxborder-left'> <div class='fauxborder-right'></div> <div class='fauxcolumn-inner'> </div> </div> <div class='cap-bottom'> <div class='cap-left'></div> <div class='cap-right'></div> </div> </div> <div class='fauxcolumn-outer fauxcolumn-right-outer'> <div class='cap-top'> <div class='cap-left'></div> <div class='cap-right'></div> </div> <div class='fauxborder-left'> <div class='fauxborder-right'></div> <div class='fauxcolumn-inner'> </div> </div> <div class='cap-bottom'> <div class='cap-left'></div> <div class='cap-right'></div> </div> </div>  <div class='columns-inner'> <div class='column-center-outer'> <div class='column-center-inner'> <div class='main section' id='main' name='Main'><div class='widget Blog' data-version='1' id='Blog1'> <div class='blog-posts hfeed'> <div class="date-outer"> <h2 class='date-header'><span>Friday, November 15, 2013</span></h2> <div class="date-posts"> <div class='post-outer'> <div class='post hentry uncustomized-post-template' itemprop='blogPost' itemscope='itemscope' itemtype='http://schema.org/BlogPosting'> <meta content='http://skepdic.com/graphics/ctdcovericon.jpg' itemprop='image_url'/> <meta content='8778506545780706793' itemprop='blogId'/> <meta content='5799365328141767303' itemprop='postId'/> <a name='5799365328141767303'></a> <h3 class='post-title entry-title' itemprop='name'> <a href='http://59ways.blogspot.com/2013/11/the-critical-thinkers-dictionary.html'>The Critical Thinker's Dictionary</a> </h3> <div class='post-header'> <div class='post-header-line-1'></div> </div> <div class='post-body entry-content' id='post-body-5799365328141767303' itemprop='description articleBody'> <i>The Critical Thinker's Dictionary: Biases, Fallacies, and Illusions and what you can do about them</i> is now available from Amazon, Kobo, and Barnes & Noble as an e-book and from Lulu as a paperback. Click <a href="http://www.skepdic.com/news/newsletter1211.html" target="_blank">here</a> for more information about ordering.<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></i><br /> <br /> <br /> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="http://skepdic.com/graphics/ctdcovericon.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="http://skepdic.com/graphics/ctdcovericon.jpg" width="126" /></a></div> <br /> <br /> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">The Critical Thinker’s Dictionary</span></i><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;"> grew out of a suggestion made by Harriet Hall, M.D., in a review of my book <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Unnatural Acts: Critical Thinking, Skepticism, and Science Exposed!</i> </span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;"><i>Unnatural Acts</i>. That book concluded with a chapter that advised the reader to study 59 cognitive biases, fallacies, and illusions that I briefly described. This blog was set up with the goal of posting expansions on those descriptions. So, every Monday for 59 weeks I tackled one of the biases, illusions, or fallacies and posted them here. Those posts have been rewritten and a few more topics have been added to produce </span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Critical Thinker’s Dictionary</i>. </span><br /> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 10.0pt; text-indent: 0in;"> <span style="mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;"></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 10.0pt; text-indent: 0in;"> <span style="mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">A guiding principle of <i>Unnatural Acts </i>and <i>The Critical Thinker's Dictionary </i> is that critical thinking does not come naturally. Not only must we work at becoming critical thinkers, doing so goes against our nature. Evolution has provided our species with a magnificent brain, capable of extraordinary things like self-consciousness, memory, facial recognition, and thousands of other “miracles.” But we evolved to think quickly, a necessity in the environments our species found itself during most of its 100,000-year history. There are times in our modern world where quick thinking is needed, but there are also many times when we should slow things down. Sometimes we are better off if, instead of relying on our instinctive, natural way of thinking about things, we take some time to do some research, to reflect, and to discuss before making a judgment. </span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 10.0pt; text-indent: 0in;"> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;"></span></i><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;"></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"></span></div> <div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 10.0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0in;"> <span style="mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;"> </span>'Know Thyself' advised the ancient Greek sages at a time when philosophers defined us as rational animals. Rationality was thought of as an ideal largely achievable by controlling the emotions and avoiding logical fallacies. Today, we know better. Biology and neuroscience have exposed the brain as a great deceiver. Unconscious biases drive us to believe and do things that the conscious mind explains in self-serving stories, making us appear more rational to ourselves than we really are. Modern science has taught us that rationality involves much more than just controlling the emotions and avoiding fallacies. Today’s rational animal—what we call the critical thinker—must understand the unconscious biases that are directing many of our most important judgments and decisions. <i>The Critical Thinker’s Dictionary</i> explores the insights of ancient and modern philosophers along with the latest findings in such fields as neuroscience and behavioral economics to lay out the many obstacles and snares that await anyone committed to a rational life. <i>The Critical Thinker’s Dictionary</i> isn’t a collection of dry definitions, but a colorful, three-dimensional portrait of the major obstacles to critical thinking and what we can do to overcome them.</div> <div style='clear: both;'></div> </div> <div class='post-footer'> <div class='post-footer-line post-footer-line-1'> <span class='post-author vcard'> Posted by <span class='fn' itemprop='author' itemscope='itemscope' itemtype='http://schema.org/Person'> <meta content='https://www.blogger.com/profile/02865938081392957563' itemprop='url'/> <a class='g-profile' href='https://www.blogger.com/profile/02865938081392957563' rel='author' title='author profile'> <span itemprop='name'>Robert Todd Carroll</span> </a> </span> </span> <span class='post-timestamp'> at <meta content='http://59ways.blogspot.com/2013/11/the-critical-thinkers-dictionary.html' itemprop='url'/> <a class='timestamp-link' href='http://59ways.blogspot.com/2013/11/the-critical-thinkers-dictionary.html' rel='bookmark' title='permanent link'><abbr class='published' itemprop='datePublished' title='2013-11-15T06:33:00-08:00'>6:33 AM</abbr></a> </span> <span class='post-comment-link'> <a class='comment-link' href='http://59ways.blogspot.com/2013/11/the-critical-thinkers-dictionary.html#comment-form' onclick=''> 106 comments: </a> </span> <span class='post-icons'> <span class='item-control blog-admin pid-2029449075'> <a href='https://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=8778506545780706793&postID=5799365328141767303&from=pencil' title='Edit Post'> <img alt='' class='icon-action' height='18' src='https://resources.blogblog.com/img/icon18_edit_allbkg.gif' width='18'/> </a> </span> </span> <div class='post-share-buttons goog-inline-block'> <a class='goog-inline-block share-button sb-email' href='https://www.blogger.com/share-post.g?blogID=8778506545780706793&postID=5799365328141767303&target=email' target='_blank' title='Email This'><span class='share-button-link-text'>Email This</span></a><a class='goog-inline-block share-button sb-blog' href='https://www.blogger.com/share-post.g?blogID=8778506545780706793&postID=5799365328141767303&target=blog' onclick='window.open(this.href, "_blank", "height=270,width=475"); return false;' target='_blank' title='BlogThis!'><span class='share-button-link-text'>BlogThis!</span></a><a class='goog-inline-block share-button sb-twitter' href='https://www.blogger.com/share-post.g?blogID=8778506545780706793&postID=5799365328141767303&target=twitter' target='_blank' title='Share to X'><span class='share-button-link-text'>Share to X</span></a><a class='goog-inline-block share-button sb-facebook' href='https://www.blogger.com/share-post.g?blogID=8778506545780706793&postID=5799365328141767303&target=facebook' onclick='window.open(this.href, "_blank", "height=430,width=640"); return false;' target='_blank' title='Share to Facebook'><span class='share-button-link-text'>Share to Facebook</span></a><a class='goog-inline-block share-button sb-pinterest' href='https://www.blogger.com/share-post.g?blogID=8778506545780706793&postID=5799365328141767303&target=pinterest' target='_blank' title='Share to Pinterest'><span class='share-button-link-text'>Share to Pinterest</span></a> </div> </div> <div class='post-footer-line post-footer-line-2'> <span class='post-labels'> Labels: <a href='http://59ways.blogspot.com/search/label/biases' rel='tag'>biases</a>, <a href='http://59ways.blogspot.com/search/label/critical%20thinking' rel='tag'>critical thinking</a>, <a href='http://59ways.blogspot.com/search/label/fallacies' rel='tag'>fallacies</a>, <a href='http://59ways.blogspot.com/search/label/illusions' rel='tag'>illusions</a> </span> </div> <div class='post-footer-line post-footer-line-3'> <span class='post-location'> </span> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div></div> <div class="date-outer"> <h2 class='date-header'><span>Monday, February 4, 2013</span></h2> <div class="date-posts"> <div class='post-outer'> <div class='post hentry uncustomized-post-template' itemprop='blogPost' itemscope='itemscope' itemtype='http://schema.org/BlogPosting'> <meta content='8778506545780706793' itemprop='blogId'/> <meta content='6795507190245217491' itemprop='postId'/> <a name='6795507190245217491'></a> <h3 class='post-title entry-title' itemprop='name'> <a href='http://59ways.blogspot.com/2013/02/the-wisdom-of-not-thinking-too-much.html'>the wisdom of not thinking too much</a> </h3> <div class='post-header'> <div class='post-header-line-1'></div> </div> <div class='post-body entry-content' id='post-body-6795507190245217491' itemprop='description articleBody'> This will be last blog post for <i>Unnatural Acts that can improve your thinking</i>. Instead of introducing another cognitive bias or logical fallacy, this final post will be devoted to considering when wisdom requires that we stop thinking altogether or that we stop gathering data to reflect on.<br> <div style='clear: both;'></div> </div> <div class='jump-link'> <a href='http://59ways.blogspot.com/2013/02/the-wisdom-of-not-thinking-too-much.html#more' title='the wisdom of not thinking too much'>Read more »</a> </div> <div class='post-footer'> <div class='post-footer-line post-footer-line-1'> <span class='post-author vcard'> Posted by <span class='fn' itemprop='author' itemscope='itemscope' itemtype='http://schema.org/Person'> <meta content='https://www.blogger.com/profile/02865938081392957563' itemprop='url'/> <a class='g-profile' href='https://www.blogger.com/profile/02865938081392957563' rel='author' title='author profile'> <span itemprop='name'>Robert Todd Carroll</span> </a> </span> </span> <span class='post-timestamp'> at <meta content='http://59ways.blogspot.com/2013/02/the-wisdom-of-not-thinking-too-much.html' itemprop='url'/> <a class='timestamp-link' href='http://59ways.blogspot.com/2013/02/the-wisdom-of-not-thinking-too-much.html' rel='bookmark' title='permanent link'><abbr class='published' itemprop='datePublished' title='2013-02-04T06:00:00-08:00'>6:00 AM</abbr></a> </span> <span class='post-comment-link'> <a class='comment-link' href='http://59ways.blogspot.com/2013/02/the-wisdom-of-not-thinking-too-much.html#comment-form' onclick=''> 305 comments: </a> </span> <span class='post-icons'> <span class='item-control blog-admin pid-2029449075'> <a href='https://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=8778506545780706793&postID=6795507190245217491&from=pencil' title='Edit Post'> <img alt='' class='icon-action' height='18' src='https://resources.blogblog.com/img/icon18_edit_allbkg.gif' width='18'/> </a> </span> </span> <div class='post-share-buttons goog-inline-block'> <a class='goog-inline-block share-button sb-email' href='https://www.blogger.com/share-post.g?blogID=8778506545780706793&postID=6795507190245217491&target=email' target='_blank' title='Email This'><span class='share-button-link-text'>Email This</span></a><a class='goog-inline-block share-button sb-blog' href='https://www.blogger.com/share-post.g?blogID=8778506545780706793&postID=6795507190245217491&target=blog' onclick='window.open(this.href, "_blank", "height=270,width=475"); return false;' target='_blank' title='BlogThis!'><span class='share-button-link-text'>BlogThis!</span></a><a class='goog-inline-block share-button sb-twitter' href='https://www.blogger.com/share-post.g?blogID=8778506545780706793&postID=6795507190245217491&target=twitter' target='_blank' title='Share to X'><span class='share-button-link-text'>Share to X</span></a><a class='goog-inline-block share-button sb-facebook' href='https://www.blogger.com/share-post.g?blogID=8778506545780706793&postID=6795507190245217491&target=facebook' onclick='window.open(this.href, "_blank", "height=430,width=640"); return false;' target='_blank' title='Share to Facebook'><span class='share-button-link-text'>Share to Facebook</span></a><a class='goog-inline-block share-button sb-pinterest' href='https://www.blogger.com/share-post.g?blogID=8778506545780706793&postID=6795507190245217491&target=pinterest' target='_blank' title='Share to Pinterest'><span class='share-button-link-text'>Share to Pinterest</span></a> </div> </div> <div class='post-footer-line post-footer-line-2'> <span class='post-labels'> Labels: <a href='http://59ways.blogspot.com/search/label/conjunction%20fallacy' rel='tag'>conjunction fallacy</a>, <a href='http://59ways.blogspot.com/search/label/wisdom' rel='tag'>wisdom</a> </span> </div> <div class='post-footer-line post-footer-line-3'> <span class='post-location'> </span> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div></div> <div class="date-outer"> <h2 class='date-header'><span>Monday, January 28, 2013</span></h2> <div class="date-posts"> <div class='post-outer'> <div class='post hentry uncustomized-post-template' itemprop='blogPost' itemscope='itemscope' itemtype='http://schema.org/BlogPosting'> <meta content='8778506545780706793' itemprop='blogId'/> <meta content='3269248112842733133' itemprop='postId'/> <a name='3269248112842733133'></a> <h3 class='post-title entry-title' itemprop='name'> <a href='http://59ways.blogspot.com/2013/01/change-blindness.html'>change blindness</a> </h3> <div class='post-header'> <div class='post-header-line-1'></div> </div> <div class='post-body entry-content' id='post-body-3269248112842733133' itemprop='description articleBody'> Change blindness is the failure to detect non-trivial changes in the visual field. The failure to see things changing right before your eyes may seem like a design fault, but it is actually a sign of evolutionary efficiency.<br> <br> Examples may be seen by clicking  <a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qb-gT6vDrmU">here</a>, <a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=voAntzB7EwE&eurl=">here,</a><a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1nL5ulsWMYc&list=UUoUA-CpKaFCCV2Uz__qNJZw&index=2"> here,</a> <a href="http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/body/change-blindness.html">here</a>, and <a href="http://nivea.psycho.univ-paris5.fr/Mudsplash/Nature_Supp_Inf/Movies/Movie_List.html">here</a>.<br> <br> The term 'change blindness' was introduced by <a href="http://www.psych.ubc.ca/~rensink/index.html">Ronald Rensink</a> in 1997, although research in this area had been going on for many years. Experiments have shown that dramatic changes in the visual field often go unnoticed whether they are brought in gradually, flickered in and out, or abruptly brought in and out at various time intervals. The implication seems to be that the brain requires few details for our visual representations; the brain doesn't store dozens of details to which it can compare changes (Simons and Levin: 1998). The brain is not a video recorder and it is not constantly processing all the sense data available to it but is inattentive to much of that data, at least on a conscious level.<br> <div style='clear: both;'></div> </div> <div class='jump-link'> <a href='http://59ways.blogspot.com/2013/01/change-blindness.html#more' title='change blindness'>Read more »</a> </div> <div class='post-footer'> <div class='post-footer-line post-footer-line-1'> <span class='post-author vcard'> Posted by <span class='fn' itemprop='author' itemscope='itemscope' itemtype='http://schema.org/Person'> <meta content='https://www.blogger.com/profile/02865938081392957563' itemprop='url'/> <a class='g-profile' href='https://www.blogger.com/profile/02865938081392957563' rel='author' title='author profile'> <span itemprop='name'>Robert Todd Carroll</span> </a> </span> </span> <span class='post-timestamp'> at <meta content='http://59ways.blogspot.com/2013/01/change-blindness.html' itemprop='url'/> <a class='timestamp-link' href='http://59ways.blogspot.com/2013/01/change-blindness.html' rel='bookmark' title='permanent link'><abbr class='published' itemprop='datePublished' title='2013-01-28T06:00:00-08:00'>6:00 AM</abbr></a> </span> <span class='post-comment-link'> <a class='comment-link' href='http://59ways.blogspot.com/2013/01/change-blindness.html#comment-form' onclick=''> 77 comments: </a> </span> <span class='post-icons'> <span class='item-control blog-admin pid-2029449075'> <a href='https://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=8778506545780706793&postID=3269248112842733133&from=pencil' title='Edit Post'> <img alt='' class='icon-action' height='18' src='https://resources.blogblog.com/img/icon18_edit_allbkg.gif' width='18'/> </a> </span> </span> <div class='post-share-buttons goog-inline-block'> <a class='goog-inline-block share-button sb-email' href='https://www.blogger.com/share-post.g?blogID=8778506545780706793&postID=3269248112842733133&target=email' target='_blank' title='Email This'><span class='share-button-link-text'>Email This</span></a><a class='goog-inline-block share-button sb-blog' href='https://www.blogger.com/share-post.g?blogID=8778506545780706793&postID=3269248112842733133&target=blog' onclick='window.open(this.href, "_blank", "height=270,width=475"); return false;' target='_blank' title='BlogThis!'><span class='share-button-link-text'>BlogThis!</span></a><a class='goog-inline-block share-button sb-twitter' href='https://www.blogger.com/share-post.g?blogID=8778506545780706793&postID=3269248112842733133&target=twitter' target='_blank' title='Share to X'><span class='share-button-link-text'>Share to X</span></a><a class='goog-inline-block share-button sb-facebook' href='https://www.blogger.com/share-post.g?blogID=8778506545780706793&postID=3269248112842733133&target=facebook' onclick='window.open(this.href, "_blank", "height=430,width=640"); return false;' target='_blank' title='Share to Facebook'><span class='share-button-link-text'>Share to Facebook</span></a><a class='goog-inline-block share-button sb-pinterest' href='https://www.blogger.com/share-post.g?blogID=8778506545780706793&postID=3269248112842733133&target=pinterest' target='_blank' title='Share to Pinterest'><span class='share-button-link-text'>Share to Pinterest</span></a> </div> </div> <div class='post-footer-line post-footer-line-2'> <span class='post-labels'> Labels: <a href='http://59ways.blogspot.com/search/label/change%20blindness' rel='tag'>change blindness</a> </span> </div> <div class='post-footer-line post-footer-line-3'> <span class='post-location'> </span> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div></div> <div class="date-outer"> <h2 class='date-header'><span>Monday, January 21, 2013</span></h2> <div class="date-posts"> <div class='post-outer'> <div class='post hentry uncustomized-post-template' itemprop='blogPost' itemscope='itemscope' itemtype='http://schema.org/BlogPosting'> <meta content='8778506545780706793' itemprop='blogId'/> <meta content='2899556413024664063' itemprop='postId'/> <a name='2899556413024664063'></a> <h3 class='post-title entry-title' itemprop='name'> <a href='http://59ways.blogspot.com/2013/01/bias-blind-spot.html'>bias blind spot</a> </h3> <div class='post-header'> <div class='post-header-line-1'></div> </div> <div class='post-body entry-content' id='post-body-2899556413024664063' itemprop='description articleBody'> The <i>bias blind spot</i> was described by Princeton University psychologist Emily Pronin and her colleagues (2002) as the tendency to perceive cognitive and motivational biases much more in others than in oneself. The bias blind spot is a <i>metabias</i> since it refers to a pattern of inaccurate judgment in reasoning <i>about </i>cognitive biases. <br> <div style='clear: both;'></div> </div> <div class='jump-link'> <a href='http://59ways.blogspot.com/2013/01/bias-blind-spot.html#more' title='bias blind spot'>Read more »</a> </div> <div class='post-footer'> <div class='post-footer-line post-footer-line-1'> <span class='post-author vcard'> Posted by <span class='fn' itemprop='author' itemscope='itemscope' itemtype='http://schema.org/Person'> <meta content='https://www.blogger.com/profile/02865938081392957563' itemprop='url'/> <a class='g-profile' href='https://www.blogger.com/profile/02865938081392957563' rel='author' title='author profile'> <span itemprop='name'>Robert Todd Carroll</span> </a> </span> </span> <span class='post-timestamp'> at <meta content='http://59ways.blogspot.com/2013/01/bias-blind-spot.html' itemprop='url'/> <a class='timestamp-link' href='http://59ways.blogspot.com/2013/01/bias-blind-spot.html' rel='bookmark' title='permanent link'><abbr class='published' itemprop='datePublished' title='2013-01-21T06:00:00-08:00'>6:00 AM</abbr></a> </span> <span class='post-comment-link'> <a class='comment-link' href='http://59ways.blogspot.com/2013/01/bias-blind-spot.html#comment-form' onclick=''> 122 comments: </a> </span> <span class='post-icons'> <span class='item-control blog-admin pid-2029449075'> <a href='https://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=8778506545780706793&postID=2899556413024664063&from=pencil' title='Edit Post'> <img alt='' class='icon-action' height='18' src='https://resources.blogblog.com/img/icon18_edit_allbkg.gif' width='18'/> </a> </span> </span> <div class='post-share-buttons goog-inline-block'> <a class='goog-inline-block share-button sb-email' href='https://www.blogger.com/share-post.g?blogID=8778506545780706793&postID=2899556413024664063&target=email' target='_blank' title='Email This'><span class='share-button-link-text'>Email This</span></a><a class='goog-inline-block share-button sb-blog' href='https://www.blogger.com/share-post.g?blogID=8778506545780706793&postID=2899556413024664063&target=blog' onclick='window.open(this.href, "_blank", "height=270,width=475"); return false;' target='_blank' title='BlogThis!'><span class='share-button-link-text'>BlogThis!</span></a><a class='goog-inline-block share-button sb-twitter' href='https://www.blogger.com/share-post.g?blogID=8778506545780706793&postID=2899556413024664063&target=twitter' target='_blank' title='Share to X'><span class='share-button-link-text'>Share to X</span></a><a class='goog-inline-block share-button sb-facebook' href='https://www.blogger.com/share-post.g?blogID=8778506545780706793&postID=2899556413024664063&target=facebook' onclick='window.open(this.href, "_blank", "height=430,width=640"); return false;' target='_blank' title='Share to Facebook'><span class='share-button-link-text'>Share to Facebook</span></a><a class='goog-inline-block share-button sb-pinterest' href='https://www.blogger.com/share-post.g?blogID=8778506545780706793&postID=2899556413024664063&target=pinterest' target='_blank' title='Share to Pinterest'><span class='share-button-link-text'>Share to Pinterest</span></a> </div> </div> <div class='post-footer-line post-footer-line-2'> <span class='post-labels'> Labels: <a href='http://59ways.blogspot.com/search/label/better-than-average%20bias' rel='tag'>better-than-average bias</a>, <a href='http://59ways.blogspot.com/search/label/bias%20blind%20spot' rel='tag'>bias blind spot</a> </span> </div> <div class='post-footer-line post-footer-line-3'> <span class='post-location'> </span> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div></div> <div class="date-outer"> <h2 class='date-header'><span>Monday, January 14, 2013</span></h2> <div class="date-posts"> <div class='post-outer'> <div class='post hentry uncustomized-post-template' itemprop='blogPost' itemscope='itemscope' itemtype='http://schema.org/BlogPosting'> <meta content='8778506545780706793' itemprop='blogId'/> <meta content='7050205037807326259' itemprop='postId'/> <a name='7050205037807326259'></a> <h3 class='post-title entry-title' itemprop='name'> <a href='http://59ways.blogspot.com/2013/01/suppressed-evidence.html'>suppressed evidence</a> </h3> <div class='post-header'> <div class='post-header-line-1'></div> </div> <div class='post-body entry-content' id='post-body-7050205037807326259' itemprop='description articleBody'> A cogent argument presents <i>all</i> the relevant evidence. An argument that omits relevant evidence appears stronger and more cogent than it is.<br> <br> The <i>fallacy of suppressed evidence</i> occurs when an arguer intentionally omits relevant data. This is a difficult fallacy to detect because we often have no way of knowing that we haven't been told the whole truth. <br> <br> Many advertisements commit this fallacy. Ads inform us of a product's dangers only if required to do so by law. Ads never state that a competitor's product is equally good. The <a href="http://www.publicintegrity.org/2012/07/08/9293/black-lung-surges-back-coal-country">coal</a><sup> [</sup><a href="http://www.courier-journal.com/cjextra/dust/frame_cheat.html">*</a><sup>]</sup>, <a href="http://skepdic.com/essays/amazinggrace.html">asbestos</a><sup> [</sup><a href="http://www.mesothelioma.co/asbestos/asbestos-industry-cover-up/altered-medical-research.aspx">*</a><sup>]</sup>, <a href="http://nuclearhistory.wordpress.com/2012/11/12/evidentiary-sources-which-demonstrate-the-suppression-of-medical-records-by-nuclear-authorities-from-the-dawn-of-the-nuclear-age-until-the-current-era/">nuclear</a><sup> [</sup><a href="http://www.spacemart.com/reports/Nobel_Laureate_may_have_suppressed_evidence_on_radiation_effects_in_1946_999.html">*</a><sup>]</sup>, and <a href="http://www.nytimes.com/1994/04/29/us/scientists-say-cigarette-company-suppressed-findings-on-nicotine.html?pagewanted=all&src=pm">tobacco</a> <sup>[</sup><a href="http://www.encognitive.com/node/1677">*</a><sup>]</sup> industries have knowingly suppressed evidence regarding the health of their employees or the health hazards of their industries and products.<br> <div style='clear: both;'></div> </div> <div class='jump-link'> <a href='http://59ways.blogspot.com/2013/01/suppressed-evidence.html#more' title='suppressed evidence'>Read more »</a> </div> <div class='post-footer'> <div class='post-footer-line post-footer-line-1'> <span class='post-author vcard'> Posted by <span class='fn' itemprop='author' itemscope='itemscope' itemtype='http://schema.org/Person'> <meta content='https://www.blogger.com/profile/02865938081392957563' itemprop='url'/> <a class='g-profile' href='https://www.blogger.com/profile/02865938081392957563' rel='author' title='author profile'> <span itemprop='name'>Robert Todd Carroll</span> </a> </span> </span> <span class='post-timestamp'> at <meta content='http://59ways.blogspot.com/2013/01/suppressed-evidence.html' itemprop='url'/> <a class='timestamp-link' href='http://59ways.blogspot.com/2013/01/suppressed-evidence.html' rel='bookmark' title='permanent link'><abbr class='published' itemprop='datePublished' title='2013-01-14T08:03:00-08:00'>8:03 AM</abbr></a> </span> <span class='post-comment-link'> <a class='comment-link' href='http://59ways.blogspot.com/2013/01/suppressed-evidence.html#comment-form' onclick=''> 48 comments: </a> </span> <span class='post-icons'> <span class='item-control blog-admin pid-2029449075'> <a href='https://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=8778506545780706793&postID=7050205037807326259&from=pencil' title='Edit Post'> <img alt='' class='icon-action' height='18' src='https://resources.blogblog.com/img/icon18_edit_allbkg.gif' width='18'/> </a> </span> </span> <div class='post-share-buttons goog-inline-block'> <a class='goog-inline-block share-button sb-email' href='https://www.blogger.com/share-post.g?blogID=8778506545780706793&postID=7050205037807326259&target=email' target='_blank' title='Email This'><span class='share-button-link-text'>Email This</span></a><a class='goog-inline-block share-button sb-blog' href='https://www.blogger.com/share-post.g?blogID=8778506545780706793&postID=7050205037807326259&target=blog' onclick='window.open(this.href, "_blank", "height=270,width=475"); return false;' target='_blank' title='BlogThis!'><span class='share-button-link-text'>BlogThis!</span></a><a class='goog-inline-block share-button sb-twitter' href='https://www.blogger.com/share-post.g?blogID=8778506545780706793&postID=7050205037807326259&target=twitter' target='_blank' title='Share to X'><span class='share-button-link-text'>Share to X</span></a><a class='goog-inline-block share-button sb-facebook' href='https://www.blogger.com/share-post.g?blogID=8778506545780706793&postID=7050205037807326259&target=facebook' onclick='window.open(this.href, "_blank", "height=430,width=640"); return false;' target='_blank' title='Share to Facebook'><span class='share-button-link-text'>Share to Facebook</span></a><a class='goog-inline-block share-button sb-pinterest' href='https://www.blogger.com/share-post.g?blogID=8778506545780706793&postID=7050205037807326259&target=pinterest' target='_blank' title='Share to Pinterest'><span class='share-button-link-text'>Share to Pinterest</span></a> </div> </div> <div class='post-footer-line post-footer-line-2'> <span class='post-labels'> Labels: <a href='http://59ways.blogspot.com/search/label/false%20charge%20of%20suppressed%20evidence' rel='tag'>false charge of suppressed evidence</a>, <a href='http://59ways.blogspot.com/search/label/suppressed%20evidence' rel='tag'>suppressed evidence</a>, <a href='http://59ways.blogspot.com/search/label/Texas%20sharpshooter%20fallacy' rel='tag'>Texas sharpshooter fallacy</a> </span> </div> <div class='post-footer-line post-footer-line-3'> <span class='post-location'> </span> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div></div> <div class="date-outer"> <h2 class='date-header'><span>Monday, January 7, 2013</span></h2> <div class="date-posts"> <div class='post-outer'> <div class='post hentry uncustomized-post-template' itemprop='blogPost' itemscope='itemscope' itemtype='http://schema.org/BlogPosting'> <meta content='8778506545780706793' itemprop='blogId'/> <meta content='6397848960669880792' itemprop='postId'/> <a name='6397848960669880792'></a> <h3 class='post-title entry-title' itemprop='name'> <a href='http://59ways.blogspot.com/2013/01/anecdotal-evidence-testimonials.html'>anecdotal evidence (testimonials)</a> </h3> <div class='post-header'> <div class='post-header-line-1'></div> </div> <div class='post-body entry-content' id='post-body-6397848960669880792' itemprop='description articleBody'> Testimonials and anecdotes are used to support claims in many fields. Advertisers often rely on testimonials to persuade consumers of the effectiveness or value of their products or services. Others use anecdotes to drive home the horror of some alleged activity or the danger of widely-used electronic devices like cell phones. In the mid-90s, there were many people, some in law enforcement, claiming that <a href="http://www.skepdic.com/satanrit.html">Satanists were abducting and abusing children</a> on a massive scale. The anecdotes involved vivid descriptions of horrible sexual abuse, even murder of innocent children. The anecdotes were quite convincing, especially when they were repeated on nationally televised programs with popular hosts like <a href="http://www.religioustolerance.org/geraldo.htm">Geraldo Rivera</a>. A four-year study in the early 1990s found the allegations of satanic ritual abuse to be without merit. Researchers investigated more than 12,000 accusations and surveyed more than 11,000 psychiatric, social service, and law enforcement personnel. The researchers could find <a href="http://skepdic.com/satanrit.html">no unequivocal evidence for a single case of satanic cult ritual abuse.</a><br> <div style='clear: both;'></div> </div> <div class='jump-link'> <a href='http://59ways.blogspot.com/2013/01/anecdotal-evidence-testimonials.html#more' title='anecdotal evidence (testimonials)'>Read more »</a> </div> <div class='post-footer'> <div class='post-footer-line post-footer-line-1'> <span class='post-author vcard'> Posted by <span class='fn' itemprop='author' itemscope='itemscope' itemtype='http://schema.org/Person'> <meta content='https://www.blogger.com/profile/02865938081392957563' itemprop='url'/> <a class='g-profile' href='https://www.blogger.com/profile/02865938081392957563' rel='author' title='author profile'> <span itemprop='name'>Robert Todd Carroll</span> </a> </span> </span> <span class='post-timestamp'> at <meta content='http://59ways.blogspot.com/2013/01/anecdotal-evidence-testimonials.html' itemprop='url'/> <a class='timestamp-link' href='http://59ways.blogspot.com/2013/01/anecdotal-evidence-testimonials.html' rel='bookmark' title='permanent link'><abbr class='published' itemprop='datePublished' title='2013-01-07T08:38:00-08:00'>8:38 AM</abbr></a> </span> <span class='post-comment-link'> <a class='comment-link' href='http://59ways.blogspot.com/2013/01/anecdotal-evidence-testimonials.html#comment-form' onclick=''> 143 comments: </a> </span> <span class='post-icons'> <span class='item-control blog-admin pid-2029449075'> <a href='https://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=8778506545780706793&postID=6397848960669880792&from=pencil' title='Edit Post'> <img alt='' class='icon-action' height='18' src='https://resources.blogblog.com/img/icon18_edit_allbkg.gif' width='18'/> </a> </span> </span> <div class='post-share-buttons goog-inline-block'> <a class='goog-inline-block share-button sb-email' href='https://www.blogger.com/share-post.g?blogID=8778506545780706793&postID=6397848960669880792&target=email' target='_blank' title='Email This'><span class='share-button-link-text'>Email This</span></a><a class='goog-inline-block share-button sb-blog' href='https://www.blogger.com/share-post.g?blogID=8778506545780706793&postID=6397848960669880792&target=blog' onclick='window.open(this.href, "_blank", "height=270,width=475"); return false;' target='_blank' title='BlogThis!'><span class='share-button-link-text'>BlogThis!</span></a><a class='goog-inline-block share-button sb-twitter' href='https://www.blogger.com/share-post.g?blogID=8778506545780706793&postID=6397848960669880792&target=twitter' target='_blank' title='Share to X'><span class='share-button-link-text'>Share to X</span></a><a class='goog-inline-block share-button sb-facebook' href='https://www.blogger.com/share-post.g?blogID=8778506545780706793&postID=6397848960669880792&target=facebook' onclick='window.open(this.href, "_blank", "height=430,width=640"); return false;' target='_blank' title='Share to Facebook'><span class='share-button-link-text'>Share to Facebook</span></a><a class='goog-inline-block share-button sb-pinterest' href='https://www.blogger.com/share-post.g?blogID=8778506545780706793&postID=6397848960669880792&target=pinterest' target='_blank' title='Share to Pinterest'><span class='share-button-link-text'>Share to Pinterest</span></a> </div> </div> <div class='post-footer-line post-footer-line-2'> <span class='post-labels'> Labels: <a href='http://59ways.blogspot.com/search/label/anecdotal%20evidence' rel='tag'>anecdotal evidence</a>, <a href='http://59ways.blogspot.com/search/label/testimonials' rel='tag'>testimonials</a> </span> </div> <div class='post-footer-line post-footer-line-3'> <span class='post-location'> </span> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div></div> <div class="date-outer"> <h2 class='date-header'><span>Monday, December 31, 2012</span></h2> <div class="date-posts"> <div class='post-outer'> <div class='post hentry uncustomized-post-template' itemprop='blogPost' itemscope='itemscope' itemtype='http://schema.org/BlogPosting'> <meta content='8778506545780706793' itemprop='blogId'/> <meta content='567746035128157920' itemprop='postId'/> <a name='567746035128157920'></a> <h3 class='post-title entry-title' itemprop='name'> <a href='http://59ways.blogspot.com/2012/12/attribution-biases.html'>attribution biases</a> </h3> <div class='post-header'> <div class='post-header-line-1'></div> </div> <div class='post-body entry-content' id='post-body-567746035128157920' itemprop='description articleBody'> Human behavior can be understood as issuing from "internal" factors or personal characteristics--such as motives, intentions, or personality traits--and from "external" factors--such as the physical or social environment and other factors deemed out of one's personal control. Self-serving creatures that we are, we tend to attribute our own successes to our intelligence, knowledge, skill, perseverance, and other positive personal traits. Our failures are blamed on bad luck, sabotage by others, a lost lucky charm, and other such things. These <i>attribution biases</i> are referred to as the <i>dispositional attribution</i><i> bias</i> and the <i>situational attribution</i><i> bias</i>. They are applied in reverse when we try to explain the actions of others. Others succeed because they're lucky or have connections and they fail because they're stupid, wicked, or lazy.<br> <div style='clear: both;'></div> </div> <div class='jump-link'> <a href='http://59ways.blogspot.com/2012/12/attribution-biases.html#more' title='attribution biases'>Read more »</a> </div> <div class='post-footer'> <div class='post-footer-line post-footer-line-1'> <span class='post-author vcard'> Posted by <span class='fn' itemprop='author' itemscope='itemscope' itemtype='http://schema.org/Person'> <meta content='https://www.blogger.com/profile/02865938081392957563' itemprop='url'/> <a class='g-profile' href='https://www.blogger.com/profile/02865938081392957563' rel='author' title='author profile'> <span itemprop='name'>Robert Todd Carroll</span> </a> </span> </span> <span class='post-timestamp'> at <meta content='http://59ways.blogspot.com/2012/12/attribution-biases.html' itemprop='url'/> <a class='timestamp-link' href='http://59ways.blogspot.com/2012/12/attribution-biases.html' rel='bookmark' title='permanent link'><abbr class='published' itemprop='datePublished' title='2012-12-31T07:41:00-08:00'>7:41 AM</abbr></a> </span> <span class='post-comment-link'> <a class='comment-link' href='http://59ways.blogspot.com/2012/12/attribution-biases.html#comment-form' onclick=''> 198 comments: </a> </span> <span class='post-icons'> <span class='item-control blog-admin pid-2029449075'> <a href='https://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=8778506545780706793&postID=567746035128157920&from=pencil' title='Edit Post'> <img alt='' class='icon-action' height='18' src='https://resources.blogblog.com/img/icon18_edit_allbkg.gif' width='18'/> </a> </span> </span> <div class='post-share-buttons goog-inline-block'> <a class='goog-inline-block share-button sb-email' href='https://www.blogger.com/share-post.g?blogID=8778506545780706793&postID=567746035128157920&target=email' target='_blank' title='Email This'><span class='share-button-link-text'>Email This</span></a><a class='goog-inline-block share-button sb-blog' href='https://www.blogger.com/share-post.g?blogID=8778506545780706793&postID=567746035128157920&target=blog' onclick='window.open(this.href, "_blank", "height=270,width=475"); return false;' target='_blank' title='BlogThis!'><span class='share-button-link-text'>BlogThis!</span></a><a class='goog-inline-block share-button sb-twitter' href='https://www.blogger.com/share-post.g?blogID=8778506545780706793&postID=567746035128157920&target=twitter' target='_blank' title='Share to X'><span class='share-button-link-text'>Share to X</span></a><a class='goog-inline-block share-button sb-facebook' href='https://www.blogger.com/share-post.g?blogID=8778506545780706793&postID=567746035128157920&target=facebook' onclick='window.open(this.href, "_blank", "height=430,width=640"); return false;' target='_blank' title='Share to Facebook'><span class='share-button-link-text'>Share to Facebook</span></a><a 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Categories ..........</h2> <div class='widget-content list-label-widget-content'> <ul> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='http://59ways.blogspot.com/search/label/actor-observer%20bias'>actor-observer bias</a> <span dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='http://59ways.blogspot.com/search/label/ad%20hoc%20hypothesis'>ad hoc hypothesis</a> <span dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='http://59ways.blogspot.com/search/label/ad%20hominem'>ad hominem</a> <span dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='http://59ways.blogspot.com/search/label/affect%20bias'>affect bias</a> <span dir='ltr'>(4)</span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='http://59ways.blogspot.com/search/label/affective%20bias'>affective bias</a> <span dir='ltr'>(3)</span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='http://59ways.blogspot.com/search/label/affirming%20the%20consequent'>affirming the consequent</a> <span dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='http://59ways.blogspot.com/search/label/anecdotal%20evidence'>anecdotal evidence</a> <span dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='http://59ways.blogspot.com/search/label/appeal%20to%20irrelevant%20authority'>appeal to irrelevant authority</a> <span dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='http://59ways.blogspot.com/search/label/appeal%20to%20tradition'>appeal to tradition</a> <span dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='http://59ways.blogspot.com/search/label/argument%20to%20ignorance'>argument to ignorance</a> <span dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='http://59ways.blogspot.com/search/label/associative%20learning'>associative learning</a> <span dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='http://59ways.blogspot.com/search/label/attribution%20bias'>attribution bias</a> <span dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='http://59ways.blogspot.com/search/label/availability%20bias'>availability bias</a> <span dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='http://59ways.blogspot.com/search/label/backfire%20effect'>backfire effect</a> <span dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='http://59ways.blogspot.com/search/label/begging%20the%20question'>begging the question</a> <span dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='http://59ways.blogspot.com/search/label/better-than-average%20bias'>better-than-average bias</a> <span dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='http://59ways.blogspot.com/search/label/bias%20blind%20spot'>bias blind spot</a> <span dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='http://59ways.blogspot.com/search/label/biases'>biases</a> <span dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='http://59ways.blogspot.com/search/label/causal%20fallacies'>causal fallacies</a> <span dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='http://59ways.blogspot.com/search/label/change%20blindness'>change blindness</a> <span dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='http://59ways.blogspot.com/search/label/choice%20blindness'>choice blindness</a> <span dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='http://59ways.blogspot.com/search/label/citation%20bias'>citation bias</a> <span dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='http://59ways.blogspot.com/search/label/clever%20Hans%20effect'>clever Hans effect</a> <span dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='http://59ways.blogspot.com/search/label/clustering%20illusion'>clustering illusion</a> <span dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='http://59ways.blogspot.com/search/label/cognitive%20bias'>cognitive bias</a> <span dir='ltr'>(12)</span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='http://59ways.blogspot.com/search/label/cognitive%20dissonance'>cognitive dissonance</a> <span dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='http://59ways.blogspot.com/search/label/cognitive%20illusion'>cognitive illusion</a> <span dir='ltr'>(2)</span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='http://59ways.blogspot.com/search/label/coincidence'>coincidence</a> <span dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='http://59ways.blogspot.com/search/label/cold%20reading'>cold reading</a> <span dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='http://59ways.blogspot.com/search/label/communal%20reinforcement'>communal reinforcement</a> <span dir='ltr'>(2)</span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='http://59ways.blogspot.com/search/label/conditioning'>conditioning</a> <span dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='http://59ways.blogspot.com/search/label/confabulation'>confabulation</a> <span dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='http://59ways.blogspot.com/search/label/confirmation%20bias'>confirmation bias</a> <span dir='ltr'>(5)</span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='http://59ways.blogspot.com/search/label/conjunction%20fallacy'>conjunction fallacy</a> <span dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='http://59ways.blogspot.com/search/label/continued%20influence%20effect'>continued influence effect</a> <span dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='http://59ways.blogspot.com/search/label/control%20group%20study'>control group study</a> <span dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='http://59ways.blogspot.com/search/label/correlation'>correlation</a> <span dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='http://59ways.blogspot.com/search/label/correspondence%20bias'>correspondence bias</a> <span dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='http://59ways.blogspot.com/search/label/critical%20thinking'>critical thinking</a> <span dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='http://59ways.blogspot.com/search/label/denying%20the%20antecedent'>denying the antecedent</a> <span dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='http://59ways.blogspot.com/search/label/experimenter%20effect'>experimenter effect</a> <span dir='ltr'>(2)</span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='http://59ways.blogspot.com/search/label/fallacies'>fallacies</a> <span dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='http://59ways.blogspot.com/search/label/fallacy%20of%20relevance'>fallacy of relevance</a> <span dir='ltr'>(5)</span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='http://59ways.blogspot.com/search/label/false%20charge%20of%20suppressed%20evidence'>false charge of suppressed evidence</a> <span dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='http://59ways.blogspot.com/search/label/false%20implication'>false implication</a> <span dir='ltr'>(2)</span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='http://59ways.blogspot.com/search/label/false%20memory'>false memory</a> <span dir='ltr'>(2)</span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='http://59ways.blogspot.com/search/label/file-drawer%20effect'>file-drawer effect</a> <span dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='http://59ways.blogspot.com/search/label/Forer%20effect'>Forer effect</a> <span dir='ltr'>(2)</span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='http://59ways.blogspot.com/search/label/fundamental%20attribution%20error'>fundamental attribution error</a> <span dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='http://59ways.blogspot.com/search/label/funnel%20plot'>funnel plot</a> <span dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='http://59ways.blogspot.com/search/label/halo%20effect'>halo effect</a> <span dir='ltr'>(2)</span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='http://59ways.blogspot.com/search/label/hindsight%20bias'>hindsight bias</a> <span dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='http://59ways.blogspot.com/search/label/hostile%20media%20effect'>hostile media effect</a> <span dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='http://59ways.blogspot.com/search/label/ideomotor%20effect'>ideomotor effect</a> <span dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='http://59ways.blogspot.com/search/label/ignorance'>ignorance</a> <span dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='http://59ways.blogspot.com/search/label/illusion%20of%20causality'>illusion of causality</a> <span dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='http://59ways.blogspot.com/search/label/illusion%20of%20control'>illusion of control</a> <span dir='ltr'>(2)</span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='http://59ways.blogspot.com/search/label/illusion%20of%20justice'>illusion of justice</a> <span dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='http://59ways.blogspot.com/search/label/illusion%20of%20knowledge'>illusion of knowledge</a> <span dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='http://59ways.blogspot.com/search/label/illusion%20of%20objectivity'>illusion of objectivity</a> <span dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='http://59ways.blogspot.com/search/label/illusion%20of%20personal%20significance'>illusion of personal significance</a> <span dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='http://59ways.blogspot.com/search/label/illusion%20of%20skill'>illusion of skill</a> <span dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='http://59ways.blogspot.com/search/label/illusion%20of%20understanding'>illusion of understanding</a> <span dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='http://59ways.blogspot.com/search/label/illusions'>illusions</a> <span dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='http://59ways.blogspot.com/search/label/inattentional%20blindness'>inattentional blindness</a> <span dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='http://59ways.blogspot.com/search/label/informal%20fallacies'>informal fallacies</a> <span dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='http://59ways.blogspot.com/search/label/intentionality%20bias'>intentionality bias</a> <span dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='http://59ways.blogspot.com/search/label/irrelevant%20appeal%20to%20authority'>irrelevant appeal to authority</a> <span dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='http://59ways.blogspot.com/search/label/law%20of%20contagion'>law of contagion</a> <span dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='http://59ways.blogspot.com/search/label/law%20of%20similarity'>law of similarity</a> <span dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='http://59ways.blogspot.com/search/label/law%20of%20truly%20large%20numbers'>law of truly large numbers</a> <span dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='http://59ways.blogspot.com/search/label/logical%20fallacies'>logical fallacies</a> <span dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='http://59ways.blogspot.com/search/label/loss%20aversion'>loss aversion</a> <span dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='http://59ways.blogspot.com/search/label/magical%20thinking'>magical thinking</a> <span dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='http://59ways.blogspot.com/search/label/motivated%20reasoning'>motivated reasoning</a> <span dir='ltr'>(2)</span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='http://59ways.blogspot.com/search/label/negative%20halo%20effect'>negative halo effect</a> <span dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='http://59ways.blogspot.com/search/label/negativity%20bias'>negativity bias</a> <span dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='http://59ways.blogspot.com/search/label/Occam%27s%20razor'>Occam's razor</a> <span dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='http://59ways.blogspot.com/search/label/optimistic%20bias'>optimistic bias</a> <span dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='http://59ways.blogspot.com/search/label/perceptual%20illusion'>perceptual illusion</a> <span dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='http://59ways.blogspot.com/search/label/placebo%20effect'>placebo effect</a> <span dir='ltr'>(2)</span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='http://59ways.blogspot.com/search/label/positive-outcome%20bias'>positive-outcome bias</a> <span dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='http://59ways.blogspot.com/search/label/post%20hoc%20fallacy'>post hoc fallacy</a> <span dir='ltr'>(3)</span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='http://59ways.blogspot.com/search/label/priming%20effect'>priming effect</a> <span dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='http://59ways.blogspot.com/search/label/publication%20bias'>publication bias</a> <span dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='http://59ways.blogspot.com/search/label/randomization'>randomization</a> <span dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='http://59ways.blogspot.com/search/label/recency%20bias'>recency bias</a> <span dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='http://59ways.blogspot.com/search/label/regressive%20fallacy'>regressive fallacy</a> <span dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='http://59ways.blogspot.com/search/label/representativeness%20bias'>representativeness bias</a> <span dir='ltr'>(2)</span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='http://59ways.blogspot.com/search/label/reverse%20halo%20effect'>reverse halo effect</a> <span dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='http://59ways.blogspot.com/search/label/selection%20bias'>selection bias</a> <span dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='http://59ways.blogspot.com/search/label/selective%20thinking'>selective thinking</a> <span dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='http://59ways.blogspot.com/search/label/self-deception'>self-deception</a> <span dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='http://59ways.blogspot.com/search/label/self-serving%20bias'>self-serving bias</a> <span dir='ltr'>(2)</span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='http://59ways.blogspot.com/search/label/shoehorning'>shoehorning</a> <span dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='http://59ways.blogspot.com/search/label/slippery%20slope'>slippery slope</a> <span dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='http://59ways.blogspot.com/search/label/straw%20man'>straw man</a> <span dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='http://59ways.blogspot.com/search/label/subjective%20validation'>subjective validation</a> <span dir='ltr'>(3)</span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='http://59ways.blogspot.com/search/label/suppressed%20evidence'>suppressed evidence</a> <span dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='http://59ways.blogspot.com/search/label/systematic%20review'>systematic review</a> <span dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='http://59ways.blogspot.com/search/label/testimonials'>testimonials</a> <span dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='http://59ways.blogspot.com/search/label/Texas%20sharpshooter%20fallacy'>Texas sharpshooter fallacy</a> <span dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='http://59ways.blogspot.com/search/label/wisdom'>wisdom</a> <span dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='http://59ways.blogspot.com/search/label/wishful%20thinking'>wishful thinking</a> <span dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> </ul> <div class='clear'></div> </div> </div></div> </aside> </div> </div> </div> <div style='clear: both'></div>  </div>  </div> </div> <div class='main-cap-bottom cap-bottom'> <div class='cap-left'></div> <div class='cap-right'></div> </div> </div> <footer> <div class='footer-outer'> <div class='footer-cap-top cap-top'> <div class='cap-left'></div> <div class='cap-right'></div> </div> <div class='fauxborder-left footer-fauxborder-left'> <div class='fauxborder-right footer-fauxborder-right'></div> <div class='region-inner footer-inner'> <div class='foot section' id='footer-1'><div class='widget Stats' data-version='1' id='Stats1'> <h2>Total Pageviews</h2> <div class='widget-content'> <div id='Stats1_content' style='display: none;'> <script src='https://www.gstatic.com/charts/loader.js' type='text/javascript'></script> <span id='Stats1_sparklinespan' 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