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<li id="toc-Formation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Formation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Formation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Formation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-World_Wars" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#World_Wars"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>World Wars</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-World_Wars-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Post-war_era_and_recent_history_(1945-present)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Post-war_era_and_recent_history_(1945-present)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Post-war era and recent history (1945-present)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Post-war_era_and_recent_history_(1945-present)-sublist" 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class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reserve"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Reserve</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reserve-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Organization" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Organization"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Organization</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Organization-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personnel" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personnel"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Personnel</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Personnel-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Personnel subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Personnel-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Rank_and_insignia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rank_and_insignia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Rank and insignia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rank_and_insignia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Meals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Meals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Meals</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Meals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Uniforms" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Uniforms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Uniforms</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Uniforms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Officer_training" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Officer_training"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Officer training</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Officer_training-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Equipment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Equipment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Equipment</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Equipment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Badge" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Badge"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Badge</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Badge-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bases_and_training_centres" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bases_and_training_centres"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Bases and training centres</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bases_and_training_centres-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Canadian_Army_Journal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Canadian_Army_Journal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Canadian Army Journal</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Canadian_Army_Journal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " 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Available in 21 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-21" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">21 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%B4_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%8A" title="الجيش الكندي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الجيش الكندي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadian_Army" title="Canadian Army – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Canadian Army" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanada_maav%C3%A4gi" title="Kanada maavägi – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kanada maavägi" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ej%C3%A9rcito_Canadiense" title="Ejército Canadiense – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ejército Canadiense" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C_%D8%B2%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A7" title="نیروی زمینی کانادا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نیروی زمینی کانادا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arm%C3%A9e_canadienne" title="Armée canadienne – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Armée canadienne" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%BA%90%EB%82%98%EB%8B%A4_%EC%9C%A1%EA%B5%B0" title="캐나다 육군 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="캐나다 육군" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%A4%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB_%D6%81%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A1%D6%84%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D5%A6%D5%B8%D6%80%D6%84%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Կանադայի ցամաքային զորքեր – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կանադայի ցամաքային զորքեր" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadian_Army" title="Canadian Army – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Canadian Army" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A6%D7%91%D7%90_%D7%A7%D7%A0%D7%93%D7%94" title="צבא קנדה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="צבא קנדה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AB%E3%83%8A%E3%83%80%E9%99%B8%E8%BB%8D" title="カナダ陸軍 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="カナダ陸軍" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arm%C3%A9e_canadienne" title="Armée canadienne – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Armée canadienne" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadian_Army" title="Canadian Army – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Canadian Army" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comando_das_For%C3%A7as_Terrestres_Canadenses" title="Comando das Forças Terrestres Canadenses – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Comando das Forças Terrestres Canadenses" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8B" title="Сухопутные войска Канады – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Сухопутные войска Канады" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadian_Army" title="Canadian Army – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Canadian Army" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%98%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5" title="Војска Канаде – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Војска Канаде" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanadas_arm%C3%A9" title="Kanadas armé – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kanadas armé" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanada_Ordusu" title="Kanada Ordusu – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kanada Ordusu" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Канадська армія – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Канадська армія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E6%8B%BF%E5%A4%A7%E9%99%B8%E8%BB%8D" title="加拿大陸軍 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="加拿大陸軍" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q25436#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul 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.infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Canadian Army</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;"><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Armée canadienne</i></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;line-height:1.5em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lesser_badge_of_the_Canadian_Army.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Lesser_badge_of_the_Canadian_Army.svg/125px-Lesser_badge_of_the_Canadian_Army.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="118" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Lesser_badge_of_the_Canadian_Army.svg/188px-Lesser_badge_of_the_Canadian_Army.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Lesser_badge_of_the_Canadian_Army.svg/250px-Lesser_badge_of_the_Canadian_Army.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="222" data-file-height="210" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="#Badge">Badge of the Canadian Army</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap">19 May 1855<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">1855-May-19</span>)</span><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />(169 years, 187 days ago)<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Country</th><td class="infobox-data">Canada<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Army" title="Army">Army</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Role</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Land_warfare" title="Land warfare">Land warfare</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Size</th><td class="infobox-data">44,000 (22,500 active personnel, 21,500 reserve personnel, and 5,300 <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Rangers" title="Canadian Rangers">Canadian Rangers</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Part of</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Armed_Forces" title="Canadian Armed Forces">Canadian Armed Forces</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/National_Defence_Headquarters_(Canada)" title="National Defence Headquarters (Canada)">National Defence Headquarters</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ottawa" title="Ottawa">Ottawa</a>, Ontario</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Motto(s)</th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Vigilamus pro te</i></span> (<a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a> for '<a href="/wiki/O_Canada" title="O Canada">We stand on guard for thee</a>')<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Colours</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Rifle_green" class="mw-redirect" title="Rifle green">Rifle green</a> and gold</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">March</th><td class="infobox-data">"<a href="/wiki/The_Great_Little_Army" title="The Great Little Army">The Great Little Army</a>"</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Mascot(s)</th><td class="infobox-data">Juno the Bear<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Engagements</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fenian_raids" title="Fenian raids">Fenian raids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_River_Rebellion" title="Red River Rebellion">Red River Rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North-West_Rebellion" title="North-West Rebellion">North-West Rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Boer_War" title="Second Boer War">Second Boer War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First World War">First World War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">Second World War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_War" title="Korean War">Korean War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medak_Pocket" class="mw-redirect" title="Medak Pocket">Medak Pocket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Afghanistan_(2001%E2%80%932021)" title="War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)">War in Afghanistan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.canada.ca/en/army.html">www<wbr />.canada<wbr />.ca<wbr />/en<wbr />/army<wbr />.html</a></span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25436#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Commanders</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;"><a href="/wiki/Commander-in-Chief_of_the_Canadian_Armed_Forces" title="Commander-in-Chief of the Canadian Armed Forces">Commander-in-Chief</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Charles_III" title="Charles III">Charles III</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Monarchy" class="mw-redirect" title="Canadian Monarchy">King of Canada</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;"><a href="/wiki/Commander_of_the_Canadian_Army" title="Commander of the Canadian Army">Commander of the Canadian Army</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Lieutenant-General <a href="/wiki/Michael_Wright_(Canadian_Army_officer)" title="Michael Wright (Canadian Army officer)">Michael Wright</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Deputy Commander of the Canadian Army</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Major-General" class="mw-redirect" title="Major-General">Major-General</a> Peter Scott</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;"><a href="/wiki/Sergeant_major" title="Sergeant major">Canadian Army Sergeant Major</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Chief_Warrant_Officer" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief Warrant Officer">Chief Warrant Officer</a> Christopher Robin</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Insignia</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Canadian_Army#Canadian_Army_flags" title="History of the Canadian Army">Flag</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Canadian_Army.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Flag of the Canadian Army since July 2016." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_the_Canadian_Army.svg/125px-Flag_of_the_Canadian_Army.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="63" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_the_Canadian_Army.svg/188px-Flag_of_the_Canadian_Army.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_the_Canadian_Army.svg/250px-Flag_of_the_Canadian_Army.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Military unit</div> <p>The <b>Canadian Army</b> (<a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>: <i lang="fr">Armée canadienne</i>) is the <a href="/wiki/Command_(military_formation)" title="Command (military formation)">command</a> responsible for the operational readiness of the conventional ground forces of the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Armed_Forces" title="Canadian Armed Forces">Canadian Armed Forces</a>. It maintains regular forces units at bases across <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>, and is also responsible for the Army Reserve, the largest component of the <a href="/wiki/Primary_Reserve" title="Primary Reserve">Primary Reserve</a>. The Army is headed by the <a href="/wiki/Commander_of_the_Canadian_Army" title="Commander of the Canadian Army">Commander of the Canadian Army</a> and Chief of the Army Staff, who is subordinate to the <a href="/wiki/Chief_of_the_Defence_Staff_(Canada)" title="Chief of the Defence Staff (Canada)">Chief of the Defence Staff</a>. The Army is also supported by 3,000 civilian employees from the public service. </p><p>Formed in 1855, as the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Militia#Active_militias" title="Canadian Militia">Active Militia</a>, in response to the threat of the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Canada" title="Province of Canada">Province of Canada</a> after the British garrison left for the <a href="/wiki/Crimean_War" title="Crimean War">Crimean War</a>. This Militia was later subdivided into the <a href="/wiki/Permanent_Active_Militia" title="Permanent Active Militia">Permanent Active Militia</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Non-Permanent_Active_Militia" title="Non-Permanent Active Militia">Non-Permanent Active Militia</a>. Finally, in 1940, an <a href="/wiki/Order_in_council" class="mw-redirect" title="Order in council">order in council</a> changed the name of the Active Militia to the Canadian Army. </p><p>On 1 April 1966, prior to the <a href="/wiki/Unification_of_the_Canadian_Armed_Forces" title="Unification of the Canadian Armed Forces">unification of the Canadian Armed Forces</a>, the land forces were placed under a new command called <b>Mobile Command</b> (French: <i lang="fr">Commandement des forces mobiles</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For two years following, the Army existed as a distinct legal entity before its amalgamation with the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Canadian_Navy" title="Royal Canadian Navy">Royal Canadian Navy</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Canadian_Air_Force" title="Royal Canadian Air Force">Royal Canadian Air Force</a> to form the Canadian Armed Forces. In the 1990s, the command was renamed <b>Land Force Command</b> (French: <i lang="fr">Commandement des Forces terrestres</i>), until it reverted to its original name in August 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During its history, the Canadian Army has fought in a variety of conflicts, including in the <a href="/wiki/North-West_Rebellion" title="North-West Rebellion">North-West Rebellion</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Second_Boer_War" title="Second Boer War">Second Boer War</a>, the <a href="/wiki/First_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First World War">First</a> and <a href="/wiki/Second_World_Wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World Wars">Second World Wars</a>, <a href="/wiki/Korean_War" title="Korean War">Korean War</a>, and more recently with the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_War" title="Gulf War">Gulf War</a>, and in the <a href="/wiki/War_in_Afghanistan_(2001%E2%80%932021)" title="War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)">War in Afghanistan</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_Army&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Canadian_Army" title="History of the Canadian Army">History of the Canadian Army</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Formation">Formation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_Army&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Formation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Canadian_Militia,_1898.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/The_Canadian_Militia%2C_1898.jpg/220px-The_Canadian_Militia%2C_1898.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="116" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/The_Canadian_Militia%2C_1898.jpg/330px-The_Canadian_Militia%2C_1898.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/The_Canadian_Militia%2C_1898.jpg/440px-The_Canadian_Militia%2C_1898.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="337" /></a><figcaption>Various uniforms used by the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_militia" class="mw-redirect" title="Canadian militia">Canadian militia</a>, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1898</span></figcaption></figure> <p>Prior to <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Confederation" title="Canadian Confederation">Confederation</a> in 1867, the <a href="/wiki/British_Army" title="British Army">British Army</a>, which included both "<a href="/wiki/Fencibles" title="Fencibles">Fencible</a>" Regiments of the British Army—recruited within <a href="/wiki/British_North_America" title="British North America">British North America</a> exclusively for service in North America—and <a href="/wiki/Canadian_militia" class="mw-redirect" title="Canadian militia">Canadian militia</a> units, was responsible for the defence of Canada. Some current regiments of the Canadian Army trace their origins to these <a href="/wiki/Canadian_units_of_the_War_of_1812" title="Canadian units of the War of 1812">pre-Confederation militia and Fencible</a> units. Following the passage of the <i><a href="/wiki/Militia_Act_of_1855" title="Militia Act of 1855">Militia Act of 1855</a>,</i> the <a href="/wiki/Permanent_Active_Militia" title="Permanent Active Militia">Permanent Active Militia</a> was formed, and in later decades several regular bodies of troops were created, their descendants becoming the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Canadian_Horse_Artillery" title="Royal Canadian Horse Artillery">Royal Canadian Horse Artillery</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Canadian_Dragoons" title="Royal Canadian Dragoons">Royal Canadian Dragoons</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Canadian_Regiment" title="Royal Canadian Regiment">Royal Canadian Regiment</a>. The major operations that regular Canadian troops, in the 19th century, participated in included: the <a href="/wiki/North-West_Rebellion" title="North-West Rebellion">North-West Rebellion</a> in 1885, and the <a href="/wiki/Second_Boer_War#Canada" title="Second Boer War">Second Boer War</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Strathcona%27s_Horse.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Strathcona%27s_Horse.jpg/220px-Strathcona%27s_Horse.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Strathcona%27s_Horse.jpg/330px-Strathcona%27s_Horse.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Strathcona%27s_Horse.jpg/440px-Strathcona%27s_Horse.jpg 2x" data-file-width="636" data-file-height="469" /></a><figcaption>Canadian soldiers en route to <a href="/wiki/Cape_Colony" title="Cape Colony">South Africa</a> in 1899</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="World_Wars">World Wars</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_Army&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: World Wars"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the <a href="/wiki/First_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First World War">First World War</a>, the Canadian Army raised the volunteer <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Expeditionary_Force" title="Canadian Expeditionary Force">Canadian Expeditionary Force</a> (CEF) for service overseas, and was the primary Canadian participation to the war effort.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENicholson1962_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENicholson1962-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Canadian Army also fought during the <a href="/wiki/Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">Second World War</a>. Following the declaration of war on <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a> and her allies by the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> on 3 September 1939, with Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/William_Lyon_Mackenzie_King" title="William Lyon Mackenzie King">William Lyon Mackenzie King</a> consulting with the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Canada" title="Parliament of Canada">Parliament of Canada</a> and declaring war on 10 September 1939, the Canadian Army raised the Canadian Active Service Force, which initially consisted of the <a href="/wiki/1st_Canadian_Division" title="1st Canadian Division">1st Canadian Division</a>; later increased to form the <a href="/wiki/First_Canadian_Army" title="First Canadian Army">First Canadian Army</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStacy1956_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStacy1956-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 19 November 1940, during <a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Canada_during_the_Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Military history of Canada during the Second World War">Second World War</a>, an <a href="/wiki/Order_in_Council" title="Order in Council">Order in Council</a> was issued that renamed the Permanent Active Militia as the Canadian Army (Active), supplemented by the <a href="/wiki/Non-Permanent_Active_Militia" title="Non-Permanent Active Militia">Non-Permanent Active Militia</a>, which was named the Canadian Army (Reserve).<sup id="cite_ref-rename_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rename-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Post-war_era_and_recent_history_(1945-present)"><span id="Post-war_era_and_recent_history_.281945-present.29"></span>Post-war era and recent history (1945-present)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_Army&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Post-war era and recent history (1945-present)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Army participated in the <a href="/wiki/Korean_War" title="Korean War">Korean War</a>, with the first elements of its participation landed in Korea in December 1950 and formed part of the forces who took part in <a href="/wiki/Operation_Killer" title="Operation Killer">Operation Killer</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kapyong" title="Battle of Kapyong">Battle of Kapyong</a>. Canadian troops were also committed to the <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a> presence in <a href="/wiki/West_Germany" title="West Germany">West Germany</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a>. </p><p>In the years following its unification with the navy and air force in 1968, the size of Canada's land forces was reduced, however, Canadian troops participated in a number of military actions with Canada's allies. These operations included the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_War" title="Gulf War">Gulf War</a> in 1991 and the <a href="/wiki/War_in_Afghanistan_(2001%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="War in Afghanistan (2001–present)">invasion of Afghanistan</a> in 2001, in addition to various peacekeeping operations under <a href="/wiki/List_of_Canadian_Peacekeeping_Missions" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Canadian Peacekeeping Missions">United Nations</a> auspices in different parts of the world.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite Canada's usual support of British and American initiatives, Canada's land forces did not directly participate in the <a href="/wiki/Suez_Crisis" title="Suez Crisis">Suez Crisis</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Canada_and_the_Vietnam_War" title="Canada and the Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a>, or the <a href="/wiki/Canada_and_the_Iraq_War" title="Canada and the Iraq War">Iraq War</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Structure">Structure</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_Army&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Structure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Structure_of_the_Canadian_Army" title="Structure of the Canadian Army">Structure of the Canadian Army</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:NDHQ.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/NDHQ.jpg/220px-NDHQ.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="118" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/NDHQ.jpg/330px-NDHQ.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/NDHQ.jpg/440px-NDHQ.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="1757" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/National_Defence_Headquarters_(Canada)" title="National Defence Headquarters (Canada)">National Defence Headquarters</a> in <a href="/wiki/Ottawa" title="Ottawa">Ottawa</a> houses the headquarters for the Canadian Armed Forces, including the commander of the Canadian Army.</figcaption></figure> <p>Command of the Army is exercised by the commander of the Canadian Army within <a href="/wiki/Department_of_National_Defence_Headquarters_(Canada)" class="mw-redirect" title="Department of National Defence Headquarters (Canada)">National Defence Headquarters</a> in Ottawa. The Army is divided into four geographical districts: the <a href="/wiki/2nd_Canadian_Division" title="2nd Canadian Division">2nd Canadian Division</a> is based in <a href="/wiki/Quebec" title="Quebec">Quebec</a>, the <a href="/wiki/3rd_Canadian_Division" title="3rd Canadian Division">3rd Canadian Division</a> is based in <a href="/wiki/Western_Canada" title="Western Canada">Western Canada</a>, the <a href="/wiki/4th_Canadian_Division" title="4th Canadian Division">4th Canadian Division</a> is based in <a href="/wiki/Ontario" title="Ontario">Ontario</a>, while the <a href="/wiki/5th_Canadian_Division" title="5th Canadian Division">5th Canadian Division</a> is based in <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Canada" title="Atlantic Canada">Atlantic Canada</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The single operational formation, <a href="/wiki/1st_Canadian_Division" title="1st Canadian Division">1st Canadian Division</a>, is part of the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Joint_Operations_Command" title="Canadian Joint Operations Command">Canadian Joint Operations Command</a> and not part of the Canadian Army. It serves as a deployable headquarters to command a divisional-level deployment of Canadian or allied forces on operations, succeeding the previous Canadian Joint Forces HQ.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In addition to the four regional command areas, the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Army_Doctrine_and_Training_Centre" title="Canadian Army Doctrine and Training Centre">Canadian Army Doctrine and Training Centre</a>, commanded by a major-general and headquartered at McNaughton Barracks, <a href="/wiki/CFB_Kingston" title="CFB Kingston">CFB Kingston</a>, Ontario, is responsible for the supervision, integration and delivery of Army training and doctrine development, including simulation and digitization. It includes a number of schools and training organizations, such as the <a href="/wiki/Combat_Training_Centre" title="Combat Training Centre">Combat Training Centre</a> at <a href="/wiki/CFB_Gagetown" title="CFB Gagetown">CFB Gagetown</a>, New Brunswick, and the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Manoeuvre_Training_Centre" title="Canadian Manoeuvre Training Centre">Canadian Manoeuvre Training Centre</a> at <a href="/wiki/CFB_Wainwright" title="CFB Wainwright">CFB Wainwright</a>, Alberta.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Canadian infantry and armoured regimental traditions are strongly rooted in the traditions and <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_British_Army" title="History of the British Army">history of the British Army</a>. Many regiments were patterned after regiments of the British Army, and a system of official "alliances", or affiliations, was created to perpetuate a sense of shared history. Other regiments developed independently, resulting in a mixture of both colourful and historically familiar names. Other traditions such as <a href="/wiki/Battle_honour" title="Battle honour">battle honours</a> and <a href="/wiki/Colours,_standards_and_guidons" class="mw-redirect" title="Colours, standards and guidons">colours</a> have been maintained by Canadian regiments as well. </p><p>The senior appointment within the Canadian Army was Chief of the General Staff until 1964 when the appointment became Commander, Mobile Command in advance of the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Forces#Modern_reorganization" class="mw-redirect" title="Canadian Forces">unification of Canada's military forces</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The position was renamed Chief of the Land Staff in 1993.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following the reversion to the name <i>Canadian Army</i> in 2011, the position became <a href="/wiki/Commander_of_the_Canadian_Army" title="Commander of the Canadian Army">Commander of the Canadian Army</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Regular_force">Regular force</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_Army&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Regular force"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Regular_Force" title="Regular Force">Regular Force</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CFBPetawawa.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/CFBPetawawa.JPG/220px-CFBPetawawa.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="71" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/CFBPetawawa.JPG/330px-CFBPetawawa.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/CFBPetawawa.JPG/440px-CFBPetawawa.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2572" data-file-height="829" /></a><figcaption>A sign for <a href="/wiki/2_Canadian_Mechanized_Brigade_Group" title="2 Canadian Mechanized Brigade Group">2 Canadian Mechanized Brigade Group</a> at the entrance to <a href="/wiki/CFB_Petawawa" class="mw-redirect" title="CFB Petawawa">CFB Petawawa</a>. The mechanized brigade group is one of three maintained by the Regular Force.</figcaption></figure> <p>There are three mechanized <a href="/wiki/Brigade_group" title="Brigade group">brigade groups</a> in the Canadian Army's Regular Force. Approximately two-thirds of the Regular Force is composed of <a href="/wiki/English_Canadian" class="mw-redirect" title="English Canadian">anglophone</a> units, while one third is <a href="/wiki/Francophone" class="mw-redirect" title="Francophone">francophone</a>. The mechanized brigades include battalions from three infantry regiments, the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Canadian_Regiment" title="Royal Canadian Regiment">Royal Canadian Regiment</a>, <a href="/wiki/Princess_Patricia%27s_Canadian_Light_Infantry" title="Princess Patricia's Canadian Light Infantry">Princess Patricia's Canadian Light Infantry</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Royal_22nd_Regiment" title="Royal 22nd Regiment">Royal 22<sup>e</sup> Regiment</a>. </p><p>Between 1953 and 1971, the Regular infantry consisted of seven regiments, each maintaining two battalions (except the Royal 22<sup>e</sup> Régiment, which had three; <a href="/wiki/The_Canadian_Guards" class="mw-redirect" title="The Canadian Guards">The Canadian Guards</a> which had four battalions between 1953 and 1957; and the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Airborne_Regiment" title="Canadian Airborne Regiment">Canadian Airborne Regiment</a>, which was divided into three commandos). In addition to the Canadian Guards, and the Canadian Airborne Regiment, the <a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_Own_Rifles_of_Canada" title="Queen's Own Rifles of Canada">Queen's Own Rifles of Canada</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Black_Watch_(Royal_Highland_Regiment)_of_Canada" title="Black Watch (Royal Highland Regiment) of Canada">Black Watch (Royal Highland Regiment) of Canada</a> also fielded units that served in Regular Force. </p><p>In the years that followed the unification of the Canadian Armed Forces, several units of Regular Force were disbanded, or reduced to nil strength. On 15 September 1968, the 2nd Battalion of the Queen's Own Rifles was reduced to nil strength and transferred to the <a href="/wiki/Supplementary_Order_of_Battle" title="Supplementary Order of Battle">Supplementary Order of Battle</a>. Several weeks later, the 1st Battalion of the Canadian Guards was disbanded on 1 October 1968. </p><p>In 1970, several more units were reduced to nil strength. The 1st Battalion of the Queen's Own Rifles was reduced to nil strength and transferred to the Supplementary Order of Battle on 27 April 1970, with the unit's personnel forming the 3rd Battalion, Princess Patricia's Canadian Light Infantry. Further reductions occurred from mid-June to early-July 1970, with the Regular Force unit from the <a href="/wiki/Fort_Garry_Horse" title="Fort Garry Horse">Fort Garry Horse</a> being disbanded on 16 June 1970. The 1st and 2nd Battalions of the Black Watch were reduced to nil strength on 1 July 1970, and transferred to the Supplementary Order of Battle. Several days later, on 6 July 1970, the 2nd Battalion of the Canadian Guards was reduced to nil strength and transferred to the Supplementary Order of Battle; its personnel became a part of <a href="/wiki/3rd_Battalion,_The_Royal_Canadian_Regiment" class="mw-redirect" title="3rd Battalion, The Royal Canadian Regiment">3rd Battalion, The Royal Canadian Regiment</a>. After the Canadian Guards were reduced to nil strength, the role of the <a href="/wiki/Household_Division" title="Household Division">Household Troop</a> reverted to the two seniormost infantry regiments of the Reserve. The respective battalions relinquished their numerical battalion designations in 1976. </p><p>During the 1990s, the Regular Force saw further organizational restructuring. The Canadian Airborne Regiment was disbanded in 1995,<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while the Regular Force regiment of the <a href="/wiki/8th_Canadian_Hussars_(Princess_Louise%27s)" title="8th Canadian Hussars (Princess Louise's)">8th Canadian Hussars (Princess Louise's)</a>, formed in 1957, was converted to a mixed Regular and Reserve "Total Force" unit with the close-out of <a href="/wiki/4_Canadian_Mechanized_Brigade_Group" title="4 Canadian Mechanized Brigade Group">4 Canadian Mechanized Brigade Group</a> at <a href="/wiki/Lahr" title="Lahr">Lahr</a>, Germany, in 1994, before reverting to a Reserve regiment in 1997.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reserve">Reserve</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_Army&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Reserve"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Primary_Reserve" title="Primary Reserve">Primary Reserve</a></div> <p>The Army Reserve is the reserve element of the Canadian Army and the largest component of the <a href="/wiki/Primary_Reserve" title="Primary Reserve">Primary Reserve</a>. The Army Reserve is organized into under-strength <a href="/wiki/Brigade" title="Brigade">brigades</a> (for purposes of administration) along geographic lines. The Army Reserve is very active and has participated heavily in all Regular Army deployments since 2002, in some cases contributing as much as 40 per cent of each deployment in either individual augmentation, as well as occasional formed sub-units (<a href="/wiki/Company_(military_unit)" title="Company (military unit)">companies</a>). LFR regiments have the theoretical administrative capacity to support an entire <a href="/wiki/Battalion" title="Battalion">battalion</a>, but typically have the deployable manpower of only one or two <a href="/wiki/Platoon" title="Platoon">platoons</a>. They are perpetuated as such for the timely absorption of <a href="/wiki/Army_recruit" class="mw-redirect" title="Army recruit">recruits</a> during times of <a href="/wiki/War" title="War">war</a>. Current strength of the Army Reserve is approximately 18,500.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 1 April 2008, the Army Reserve absorbed all units of the former Communications Reserve. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Organization">Organization</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_Army&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Organization"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Canadian Army comprises:<sup id="cite_ref-4cd_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4cd-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2nd_Canadian_Division" title="2nd Canadian Division">2nd Canadian Division</a> <ul><li>2nd Canadian Division Headquarters</li> <li><a href="/wiki/4_Intelligence_Company" title="4 Intelligence Company">4 Intelligence Company</a></li> <li>2 <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Rangers" title="Canadian Rangers">Canadian Ranger</a> Patrol Group</li> <li>5 Area Construction Troop, <a href="/wiki/4_Engineer_Support_Regiment" title="4 Engineer Support Regiment">4 Engineer Support Regiment</a></li> <li>2nd Canadian Division Training Centre</li> <li><a href="/wiki/5_Canadian_Mechanized_Brigade_Group" title="5 Canadian Mechanized Brigade Group">5 Canadian Mechanized Brigade Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/34_Canadian_Brigade_Group" title="34 Canadian Brigade Group">34 Canadian Brigade Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/35_Canadian_Brigade_Group" title="35 Canadian Brigade Group">35 Canadian Brigade Group</a></li> <li>2nd Canadian Division Support Group</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3rd_Canadian_Division" title="3rd Canadian Division">3rd Canadian Division</a> <ul><li>3rd Canadian Division Headquarters</li> <li><a href="/wiki/6_Intelligence_Company" title="6 Intelligence Company">6 Intelligence Company</a></li> <li>1 Canadian Ranger Patrol Group</li> <li>4 Canadian Ranger Patrol Group</li> <li>1 Area Construction Troop, 4 Engineer Support Regiment</li> <li>1 Military Police Regiment</li> <li>3rd Canadian Division Training Centre</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1_Canadian_Mechanized_Brigade_Group" title="1 Canadian Mechanized Brigade Group">1 Canadian Mechanized Brigade Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/38_Canadian_Brigade_Group" title="38 Canadian Brigade Group">38 Canadian Brigade Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/39_Canadian_Brigade_Group" title="39 Canadian Brigade Group">39 Canadian Brigade Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/41_Canadian_Brigade_Group" title="41 Canadian Brigade Group">41 Canadian Brigade Group</a></li> <li>3rd Canadian Division Support Group</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4th_Canadian_Division" title="4th Canadian Division">4th Canadian Division</a> <ul><li>4th Canadian Division Headquarters</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2_Intelligence_Company" title="2 Intelligence Company">2 Intelligence Company</a></li> <li>3 Canadian Ranger Patrol Group</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2_Military_Police_Regiment" title="2 Military Police Regiment">2 Military Police Regiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4th_Canadian_Division_Training_Centre" title="4th Canadian Division Training Centre">4th Canadian Division Training Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2_Canadian_Mechanized_Brigade_Group" title="2 Canadian Mechanized Brigade Group">2 Canadian Mechanized Brigade Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/31_Canadian_Brigade_Group" title="31 Canadian Brigade Group">31 Canadian Brigade Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/32_Canadian_Brigade_Group" title="32 Canadian Brigade Group">32 Canadian Brigade Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/33_Canadian_Brigade_Group" title="33 Canadian Brigade Group">33 Canadian Brigade Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4th_Canadian_Division_Support_Group" title="4th Canadian Division Support Group">4th Canadian Division Support Group</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5th_Canadian_Division" title="5th Canadian Division">5th Canadian Division</a> <ul><li>5th Canadian Division Headquarters</li> <li><a href="/wiki/3_Intelligence_Company" title="3 Intelligence Company">3 Intelligence Company</a></li> <li>5 Canadian Ranger Patrol Group</li> <li><a href="/wiki/3_Military_Police_Regiment_(Canada)" title="3 Military Police Regiment (Canada)">3 Military Police Regiment</a></li> <li>4 Area Construction Troop, 4 Engineer Support Regiment</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_Force_Atlantic_Area_Training_Centre_Aldershot" class="mw-redirect" title="Land Force Atlantic Area Training Centre Aldershot">5th Canadian Division Training Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/36_Canadian_Brigade_Group" title="36 Canadian Brigade Group">36 Canadian Brigade Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/37_Canadian_Brigade_Group" title="37 Canadian Brigade Group">37 Canadian Brigade Group</a></li> <li>5th Canadian Division Support Group</li> <li><a href="/wiki/6_Canadian_Combat_Support_Brigade" title="6 Canadian Combat Support Brigade">6 Canadian Combat Support Brigade</a> <ul><li>Influence Activities Task Force (PsyOps, CIMIC)</li> <li>Canadian Army Intelligence Regiment</li> <li><a href="/wiki/21_Electronic_Warfare_Regiment" title="21 Electronic Warfare Regiment">21 Electronic Warfare Regiment</a></li> <li>4th Artillery Regiment, RCA</li> <li><a href="/wiki/4_Engineer_Support_Regiment" title="4 Engineer Support Regiment">4 Engineer Support Regiment</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> <p>Additionally, the command comprises the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Army_Doctrine_and_Training_Centre" title="Canadian Army Doctrine and Training Centre">Canadian Army Doctrine and Training Centre</a>, which includes the following establishments: </p> <ul><li>CADTC Headquarters</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Army_Command_and_Staff_College" title="Canadian Army Command and Staff College">Command and Staff College</a></li> <li>Army Training Directorate</li> <li>CIMIC Directorate</li> <li>Army Doctrine Directorate</li> <li>Psyops Directorate</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combat_Training_Centre" title="Combat Training Centre">Combat Training Centre</a></li> <li>Environment Directorate</li> <li>School of Communications and Electronics</li> <li>Digitization Office</li> <li>Lessons Learned Centre</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace_Support_Training_Centre" title="Peace Support Training Centre">Peace Support Training Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Manoeuvre_Training_Centre" title="Canadian Manoeuvre Training Centre">Canadian Manoeuvre Training Centre</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personnel">Personnel</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_Army&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Personnel"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rank_and_insignia">Rank and insignia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_Army&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Rank and insignia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Armed_Forces_ranks_and_insignia" title="Canadian Armed Forces ranks and insignia">Canadian Armed Forces ranks and insignia</a></div> <p>Military rank in the Canadian Army is granted based on a variety of factors including merit, qualification, training, and time in-rank. However, promotion up to the rank of corporal for non-commissioned members, and to captain for officers, is automatic based on time in previous rank. Some ranks are associated with specific appointments. For example, a <a href="/wiki/Regimental_sergeant_major" title="Regimental sergeant major">regimental sergeant major</a> is held by a chief warrant officer, or <a href="/wiki/Adjutant" title="Adjutant">adjutant</a> held by a captain. In some branches or specific units, rank titles may differ due to tradition. A trained private within the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Canadian_Armoured_Corps" title="Royal Canadian Armoured Corps">Royal Canadian Armoured Corps</a> is a trooper, whereas the same rank within the artillery is gunner. Other titles for the rank of private include fusilier, sapper, rifleman, craftsman, and guardsman.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The ranks of the Canadian Army are as follows: </p> <table class="wikitable" style="border:thin solid darkgray; padding:0.2em;"> <tbody><tr style="background:#ddd;"> <th colspan="2">Governor General<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr align="center"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Canadian_Army_(Commander-in-Chief_of_the_Canadian_Armed_Forces).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Canadian_Army_%28Commander-in-Chief_of_the_Canadian_Armed_Forces%29.svg/75px-Canadian_Army_%28Commander-in-Chief_of_the_Canadian_Armed_Forces%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="191" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Canadian_Army_%28Commander-in-Chief_of_the_Canadian_Armed_Forces%29.svg/112px-Canadian_Army_%28Commander-in-Chief_of_the_Canadian_Armed_Forces%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Canadian_Army_%28Commander-in-Chief_of_the_Canadian_Armed_Forces%29.svg/150px-Canadian_Army_%28Commander-in-Chief_of_the_Canadian_Armed_Forces%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="75" data-file-height="191" /></a></span></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Canadian_Army_sleeves_(Commander-in-Chief_of_the_Canadian_Armed_Forces).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Canadian_Army_sleeves_%28Commander-in-Chief_of_the_Canadian_Armed_Forces%29.svg/75px-Canadian_Army_sleeves_%28Commander-in-Chief_of_the_Canadian_Armed_Forces%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="191" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Canadian_Army_sleeves_%28Commander-in-Chief_of_the_Canadian_Armed_Forces%29.svg/112px-Canadian_Army_sleeves_%28Commander-in-Chief_of_the_Canadian_Armed_Forces%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Canadian_Army_sleeves_%28Commander-in-Chief_of_the_Canadian_Armed_Forces%29.svg/150px-Canadian_Army_sleeves_%28Commander-in-Chief_of_the_Canadian_Armed_Forces%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="75" data-file-height="191" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>Board</td> <td>Sleeve </td></tr></tbody></table> <table style="border:1px solid #8888aa; background-color:#f7f8ff; padding:5px; font-size:95%; margin: 0px 12px 12px 0px;"> <tbody><tr style="background-color:#CCCCCC; width:100%"> <th>NATO code</th> <th colspan="2">OF-10</th> <th colspan="2">OF-9</th> <th colspan="2">OF-8</th> <th colspan="2">OF-7</th> <th colspan="2">OF-6</th> <th colspan="2">OF-5</th> <th colspan="2">OF-4</th> <th colspan="2">OF-3</th> <th colspan="2">OF-2</th> <th colspan="6">OF-1 </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td rowspan="3"><b><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_the_Canadian_Army.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Canadian_Army.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_the_Canadian_Army.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Canadian_Army.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_the_Canadian_Army.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Canadian_Army.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Canadian Army</a></b><sup id="cite_ref-Canada_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Canada-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CA-Female_32-0" 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href="/wiki/File:Canadian_Army_OF-5.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Canadian_Army_OF-5.svg/50px-Canadian_Army_OF-5.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Canadian_Army_OF-5.svg/75px-Canadian_Army_OF-5.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Canadian_Army_OF-5.svg/100px-Canadian_Army_OF-5.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="75" data-file-height="191" /></a></span> </td> <td colspan="2"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Canadian_Army_OF-4.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Canadian_Army_OF-4.svg/50px-Canadian_Army_OF-4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Canadian_Army_OF-4.svg/75px-Canadian_Army_OF-4.svg.png 1.5x, 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decoding="async" width="50" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Canadian_Army_OF-2.svg/75px-Canadian_Army_OF-2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Canadian_Army_OF-2.svg/100px-Canadian_Army_OF-2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="75" data-file-height="191" /></a></span> </td> <td colspan="3"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Canadian_Army_OF-1b.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Canadian_Army_OF-1b.svg/50px-Canadian_Army_OF-1b.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Canadian_Army_OF-1b.svg/75px-Canadian_Army_OF-1b.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Canadian_Army_OF-1b.svg/100px-Canadian_Army_OF-1b.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="75" data-file-height="191" /></a></span> </td> <td colspan="3"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Canadian_Army_OF-1a.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Canadian_Army_OF-1a.svg/50px-Canadian_Army_OF-1a.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Canadian_Army_OF-1a.svg/75px-Canadian_Army_OF-1a.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Canadian_Army_OF-1a.svg/100px-Canadian_Army_OF-1a.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="75" data-file-height="191" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/General_(Canada)" title="General (Canada)">General</a> </td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant-general_(Canada)" title="Lieutenant-general (Canada)">Lieutenant-general</a> </td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Major_general#Canada" title="Major general">Major-general</a> </td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Brigadier_general#Canada" title="Brigadier general">Brigadier-general</a> </td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Colonel_(Canada)" title="Colonel (Canada)">Colonel</a> </td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant-colonel_(Canada)" title="Lieutenant-colonel (Canada)">Lieutenant-colonel</a> </td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Major_(Canada)" title="Major (Canada)">Major</a> </td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Captain_(Canadian_army_and_air_force)" title="Captain (Canadian army and air force)">Captain</a> </td> <td colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_(Canada)" title="Lieutenant (Canada)">Lieutenant</a> </td> <td colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Second_lieutenant#United_Kingdom_and_Commonwealth" title="Second lieutenant">Second lieutenant</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td colspan="2"><span title="Quebec French-language text"><i lang="fr-CA">Général(e)</i></span> </td> <td colspan="2"><span title="Quebec French-language text"><i lang="fr-CA">Lieutenant(e)-général(e)</i></span> </td> <td colspan="2"><span title="Quebec French-language text"><i lang="fr-CA">Major(e)-général(e)</i></span> </td> <td colspan="2"><span title="Quebec French-language text"><i lang="fr-CA">Brigadier(ère)-général(e)</i></span> </td> <td colspan="2"><span title="Quebec French-language text"><i lang="fr-CA">Colonel(le)</i></span> </td> <td colspan="2"><span title="Quebec French-language text"><i lang="fr-CA">Lieutenant(e)-colonel(le)</i></span> </td> <td colspan="2"><span title="Quebec French-language text"><i lang="fr-CA">Major(e)</i></span> </td> <td colspan="2"><span title="Quebec French-language text"><i lang="fr-CA">Capitaine</i></span> </td> <td colspan="3"><span title="Quebec French-language text"><i lang="fr-CA">Lieutenant(e)</i></span> </td> <td colspan="3"><span title="Quebec French-language text"><i lang="fr-CA">Sous-lieutenant(e)</i></span> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <table style="border:1px solid #8888aa; background-color:#f7f8ff; padding:5px; font-size:95%; margin: 0px 12px 12px 0px;"> <tbody><tr style="background-color:#CCCCCC;"> <th><a href="/wiki/Ranks_and_insignia_of_NATO" title="Ranks and insignia of NATO">NATO code</a></th> <th colspan="6">OR-9</th> <th colspan="2">OR-8</th> <th colspan="2">OR-7</th> <th colspan="6">OR-6</th> <th colspan="6">OR-5</th> <th colspan="4">OR-4</th> <th colspan="2">OR-3</th> <th colspan="6">OR-2</th> <th colspan="2">OR-1 </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td rowspan="3"><b><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_the_Canadian_Army.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Canadian_Army.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_the_Canadian_Army.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Canadian_Army.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_the_Canadian_Army.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Canadian_Army.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Canadian Army</a></b><sup id="cite_ref-Canada_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Canada-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CA-Female_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CA-Female-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul class="navbar-brackets"><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ranks_and_Insignia_of_NATO_Armies/OR/Canada" title="Template:Ranks and Insignia of NATO Armies/OR/Canada"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ranks_and_Insignia_of_NATO_Armies/OR/Canada" title="Template talk:Ranks and Insignia of NATO Armies/OR/Canada"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ranks_and_Insignia_of_NATO_Armies/OR/Canada" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ranks and Insignia of NATO Armies/OR/Canada"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div> </td> <td colspan="6"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Canadian_Army_OR-9a.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Canadian_Army_OR-9a.svg/50px-Canadian_Army_OR-9a.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Canadian_Army_OR-9a.svg/75px-Canadian_Army_OR-9a.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Canadian_Army_OR-9a.svg/100px-Canadian_Army_OR-9a.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="75" data-file-height="191" /></a></span> </td> <td colspan="2"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Canadian_Army_OR-8.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Canadian_Army_OR-8.svg/50px-Canadian_Army_OR-8.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Canadian_Army_OR-8.svg/75px-Canadian_Army_OR-8.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Canadian_Army_OR-8.svg/100px-Canadian_Army_OR-8.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="75" data-file-height="191" /></a></span> </td> <td colspan="2"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Canadian_Army_OR-7.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Canadian_Army_OR-7.svg/50px-Canadian_Army_OR-7.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Canadian_Army_OR-7.svg/75px-Canadian_Army_OR-7.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Canadian_Army_OR-7.svg/100px-Canadian_Army_OR-7.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="75" data-file-height="191" /></a></span> </td> <td colspan="12"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Canadian_Army_OR-6.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Canadian_Army_OR-6.svg/50px-Canadian_Army_OR-6.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Canadian_Army_OR-6.svg/75px-Canadian_Army_OR-6.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Canadian_Army_OR-6.svg/100px-Canadian_Army_OR-6.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="75" data-file-height="191" /></a></span> </td> <td colspan="4"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Canadian_Army_OR-5.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Canadian_Army_OR-5.svg/50px-Canadian_Army_OR-5.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Canadian_Army_OR-5.svg/75px-Canadian_Army_OR-5.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Canadian_Army_OR-5.svg/100px-Canadian_Army_OR-5.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="75" data-file-height="191" /></a></span> </td> <td colspan="2"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Canadian_Army_OR-4.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Canadian_Army_OR-4.svg/50px-Canadian_Army_OR-4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Canadian_Army_OR-4.svg/75px-Canadian_Army_OR-4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Canadian_Army_OR-4.svg/100px-Canadian_Army_OR-4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="75" data-file-height="191" /></a></span> </td> <td colspan="6"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Canadian_Army_OR-3.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Canadian_Army_OR-3.svg/50px-Canadian_Army_OR-3.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Canadian_Army_OR-3.svg/75px-Canadian_Army_OR-3.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Canadian_Army_OR-3.svg/100px-Canadian_Army_OR-3.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="75" data-file-height="191" /></a></span> </td> <td colspan="2"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Canadian_Army_OR-2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Canadian_Army_OR-2.svg/50px-Canadian_Army_OR-2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Canadian_Army_OR-2.svg/75px-Canadian_Army_OR-2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Canadian_Army_OR-2.svg/100px-Canadian_Army_OR-2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="75" data-file-height="191" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td colspan="6"><a href="/wiki/Chief_warrant_officer" title="Chief warrant officer">Chief warrant officer</a> </td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Master_warrant_officer" title="Master warrant officer">Master warrant officer</a> </td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Warrant_officer" title="Warrant officer">Warrant officer</a> </td> <td colspan="12"><a href="/wiki/Sergeant" title="Sergeant">Sergeant</a> </td> <td colspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Master_corporal" title="Master corporal">Master corporal</a> </td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Corporal" title="Corporal">Corporal</a> </td> <td colspan="6"><a href="/wiki/Private_(rank)" title="Private (rank)">Private (trained)</a> </td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Private_(rank)" title="Private (rank)">Private (basic)</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td colspan="6"><span title="Quebec French-language text"><i lang="fr-CA">Adjudant(e)-chef</i></span> </td> <td colspan="2"><span title="Quebec French-language text"><i lang="fr-CA">Adjudant(e)-maître</i></span> </td> <td colspan="2"><span title="Quebec French-language text"><i lang="fr-CA">Adjudant(e)</i></span> </td> <td colspan="12"><span title="Quebec French-language text"><i lang="fr-CA">Sergent(e)</i></span> </td> <td colspan="4"><span title="Quebec French-language text"><i lang="fr-CA">Caporal(e)-chef</i></span> </td> <td colspan="2"><span title="Quebec French-language text"><i lang="fr-CA">Caporal(e)</i></span> </td> <td colspan="6"><span title="Quebec French-language text"><i lang="fr-CA">Soldat(e) (formé(e))</i></span> </td> <td colspan="2"><span title="Quebec French-language text"><i lang="fr-CA">Soldat(e) (confirmé(e))</i></span> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Meals">Meals</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_Army&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Meals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Canadian-Cabbage-Roll-IMP-Unpacked.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Canadian-Cabbage-Roll-IMP-Unpacked.jpg/220px-Canadian-Cabbage-Roll-IMP-Unpacked.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Canadian-Cabbage-Roll-IMP-Unpacked.jpg/330px-Canadian-Cabbage-Roll-IMP-Unpacked.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Canadian-Cabbage-Roll-IMP-Unpacked.jpg/440px-Canadian-Cabbage-Roll-IMP-Unpacked.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>An unpacked <a href="/wiki/Cabbage_roll" title="Cabbage roll">cabbage roll</a> <a href="/wiki/Individual_Meal_Pack" title="Individual Meal Pack">IMP</a>. IMPs are issued to personnel when fresh rations are not available.</figcaption></figure> <p>Field kitchens and catering are used to provide Canadian Army personnel fresh-cooked meals at bases and overseas operation centres. When fresh rations are not practical or available, <a href="/wiki/Individual_Meal_Pack" title="Individual Meal Pack">Individual Meal Packs</a> (IMPs) are issued instead. There are also patrol packs, which are small high-protein snack-type foods (such as beef jerky or shredded cheese) and boxed lunches (consisting of assorted sandwiches, juice, fruit, pasta and a dessert) provided for soldiers to consume in situations in which meal preparation is not possible. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Uniforms">Uniforms</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_Army&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Uniforms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Uniforms_of_the_Canadian_Forces" class="mw-redirect" title="Uniforms of the Canadian Forces">Uniforms of the Canadian Forces</a></div> <p>The Canadian Army maintains a variety of different uniforms, including a ceremonial <a href="/wiki/Full_dress_uniform" title="Full dress uniform">full dress uniform</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Mess_dress_uniform" title="Mess dress uniform">mess dress uniform</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Service_dress_uniform" title="Service dress uniform">service dress uniform</a>, operational/<a href="/wiki/Battledress" class="mw-redirect" title="Battledress">field uniforms</a>, and occupational uniforms. Canada's uniforms were developed parallel to British uniforms from 1900 to the unification of the Canadian Armed Forces in 1968, though maintained significant differences. The adoption of a number of separate uniforms for separate functions, also made its uniforms become distinctively "Canadian" in the process. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Changing_the_Guard_ceremony_in_Qu%C3%A9bec_during_the_summer_2018.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Changing_the_Guard_ceremony_in_Qu%C3%A9bec_during_the_summer_2018.jpg/170px-Changing_the_Guard_ceremony_in_Qu%C3%A9bec_during_the_summer_2018.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="201" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Changing_the_Guard_ceremony_in_Qu%C3%A9bec_during_the_summer_2018.jpg/255px-Changing_the_Guard_ceremony_in_Qu%C3%A9bec_during_the_summer_2018.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Changing_the_Guard_ceremony_in_Qu%C3%A9bec_during_the_summer_2018.jpg/340px-Changing_the_Guard_ceremony_in_Qu%C3%A9bec_during_the_summer_2018.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5625" data-file-height="6642" /></a><figcaption>Members of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_22nd_Regiment" title="Royal 22nd Regiment">Royal 22<sup>e</sup> Regiment</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Public_duties" title="Public duties">public duties</a> soldier is wearing <a href="/wiki/Full_dress_uniform" title="Full dress uniform">full dress</a> while the other wears the <a href="/wiki/Service_dress_uniform" title="Service dress uniform">service dress</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Prior to unification in 1968, the uniforms between the three branches were similar to their counterparts in the forces of the United Kingdom and other Commonwealth countries, save for national identifiers and some regimental accoutrements. The Honourable Peter MacKay, Minister of National Defence, announced on 8 July 2013 the Government of Canada's intent to restore Canadian Army rank insignia, names and badges to their traditional forms.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Canadian Army's universal full dress uniform includes a <a href="/wiki/Red_coat_(military_uniform)" title="Red coat (military uniform)">scarlet tunic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Midnight_blue" title="Midnight blue">midnight blue</a> trousers with a scarlet trouser stripe, and a <a href="/wiki/Wolseley_helmet" class="mw-redirect" title="Wolseley helmet">Wolseley helmet</a>. However, a number of regiments in the Canadian Army are authorized regimental deviations from the Army's universal design; including some armoured, <a href="/wiki/Canadian-Scottish_regiment" title="Canadian-Scottish regiment">Canadian-Scottish regiments</a>, and all <a href="/wiki/Rifle_regiment" title="Rifle regiment">rifle</a>/<a href="/wiki/Voltigeur" title="Voltigeur">voltigeur</a> regiments.<sup id="cite_ref-uniform_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-uniform-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The full dress uniforms of the Army regiments originated from the Canadian militia, and was eventually relegated from combat to ceremonial use. </p><p>The present service dress uniform includes a rifle green tunic and trousers, similar to the older iteration of the service dress, although with a different cut, and an added shoulder strap. The present service dress uniforms were introduced in the late 1980s, alongside the other "distinctive environmental uniforms" issued to other branches of the Canadian Armed Forces. From the unification of the armed forces in 1968, to the introduction of the distinctive service uniforms in the 1980s, the branches of the Canadian Armed Forces wore a similar rifle green service uniform. </p><p>The Canadian Army began to issue combat specific uniforms in the early 1960s, with the introduction of "combats," coloured olive-drab shirt. The olive-drab uniforms continued to be used with minor alterations until the Army adopted <a href="/wiki/CADPAT" title="CADPAT">CADPAT</a> camouflaged combat uniforms in the late-1990s. With the adoption of CADPAT, the Canadian Armed Forces became the first military force to adopt <a href="/wiki/Multi-scale_camouflage" title="Multi-scale camouflage">digital camouflage</a> pattern for all its units. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Officer_training">Officer training</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_Army&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Officer training"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Officers are selected in several ways: </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:RMC_Sandhurst_2009.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/RMC_Sandhurst_2009.JPG/220px-RMC_Sandhurst_2009.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/RMC_Sandhurst_2009.JPG/330px-RMC_Sandhurst_2009.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/RMC_Sandhurst_2009.JPG/440px-RMC_Sandhurst_2009.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Officer_cadets" class="mw-redirect" title="Officer cadets">Officer cadets</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Military_College_of_Canada" title="Royal Military College of Canada">Royal Military College of Canada</a> during the 2009 <a href="/wiki/Sandhurst_Competition" title="Sandhurst Competition">Sandhurst Competition</a>. The school is a <a href="/wiki/Academic_degree" title="Academic degree">degree</a>-granting institution that trains officers for the Canadian Armed Forces.</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>The Regular Officer Training Plan, where candidates are educated at the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Military_College_of_Canada" title="Royal Military College of Canada">Royal Military College of Canada</a> (RMC) or at civilian Canadian universities.</li> <li>Direct Entry Officer Plan, for those who already hold a university degree or technology diploma.</li> <li>Continuing Education Officer Training Plan, addresses shortages in certain officer occupations, and is intended to attract candidates who are otherwise qualified for service as officers, but who lack a degree. Candidates complete their degrees while serving in the Army.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>University Training Plan (Non-Commissioned Members), designed to develop selected serving non-commissioned members for service as career officers in the Regular Force. Normally, candidates selected for this plan will attend RMC or a civilian university in Canada.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Commissioning from the Ranks Plan, provides officers to augment the number of officers commissioned through other plans and applies exclusively to those who have acquired some military experience and possess the necessary qualities that make them suitable for employment as officers.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Special Requirements Commissioning Plan, is designed to meet the needs of the officer occupations. It allows the Canadian Forces to profit from the skills and experience of senior non-commissioned members and may provide an opportunity for career advancement for selected deserving Chief Warrant Officers.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Subsidized special education, which includes the Medical Officer Training Plan or Dental Officer Training Plan.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>In addition, there were other commissioning plans such as the Officer Candidate Training Plan and Officer Candidate Training Plan (Men) for commissioning serving members which are no longer in effect. </p><p>Occupational training for Canadian Army officers takes place at one of the schools of the Combat Training Centre for Army controlled occupations (armour, artillery, infantry, electrical, and mechanical engineers, etc.), or at a Canadian Armed Forces school, such as the Canadian Forces School of Administration and Logistics, or the Defence Public Affairs Learning Centre for Officers from career fields controlled outside the Army. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Equipment">Equipment</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_Army&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Equipment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/List_of_equipment_of_the_Canadian_Army" title="List of equipment of the Canadian Army">List of equipment of the Canadian Army</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_historical_equipment_of_the_Canadian_military" title="List of historical equipment of the Canadian military">List of historical equipment of the Canadian military</a>, <a href="/wiki/Planned_Canadian_Forces_projects" title="Planned Canadian Forces projects">Planned Canadian Forces projects</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Tanks_of_Canada" title="Tanks of Canada">Tanks of Canada</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:GuardKandahar.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/GuardKandahar.jpg/220px-GuardKandahar.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/GuardKandahar.jpg/330px-GuardKandahar.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/GuardKandahar.jpg/440px-GuardKandahar.jpg 2x" data-file-width="604" data-file-height="405" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Grenadier_Guards" title="Canadian Grenadier Guards">Canadian Grenadier Guardsmen</a> armed with <a href="/wiki/Colt_Canada_C7" class="mw-redirect" title="Colt Canada C7">C7 rifles</a> in "arid region" <a href="/wiki/CADPAT" title="CADPAT">CADPAT</a> <a href="/wiki/Combat_uniform" title="Combat uniform">field uniforms</a>. Behind them is an <a href="/wiki/LAV_III" title="LAV III">LAV III</a>, an <a href="/wiki/Infantry_fighting_vehicle" title="Infantry fighting vehicle">infantry fighting vehicle</a> used by the Canadian Army.</figcaption></figure> <p>Canada is an industrial nation with a highly developed science and technology sector. Since the <a href="/wiki/First_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First World War">First World War</a>, Canada has produced its own <a href="/wiki/Infantry_fighting_vehicle" title="Infantry fighting vehicle">infantry fighting vehicle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anti-tank_guided_missile" title="Anti-tank guided missile">anti-tank guided missile</a> and <a href="/wiki/Small_arms" class="mw-redirect" title="Small arms">small arms</a> for the Army. Regular and reserve units operate state-of-the-art equipment able to handle modern threats through 2030–2035. Despite extensive financial cuts to the defence budget between the 1960s–2000s, the Army is relatively well equipped.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Army currently operates approximately 10,500 utility vehicles, including <a href="/wiki/G-wagon" class="mw-redirect" title="G-wagon">G-wagons</a> and <a href="/wiki/7000-MV" class="mw-redirect" title="7000-MV">7000-MVs</a>, and also operates approximately 2,700 armoured fighting vehicles including the <a href="/wiki/LAV-III" class="mw-redirect" title="LAV-III">LAV-III</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Leopard_2" title="Leopard 2">Leopard 2</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Army also operates approximately 150 field artillery pieces including the <a href="/wiki/M777_howitzer" title="M777 howitzer">M777 howitzer</a> and the <a href="/wiki/LG1" class="mw-redirect" title="LG1">LG1 Mark II</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2016 the Army replaced the <a href="/wiki/RG-31_Nyala" title="RG-31 Nyala">RG-31 Nyala</a> and <a href="/wiki/Coyote_Reconnaissance_Vehicle" class="mw-redirect" title="Coyote Reconnaissance Vehicle">Coyote Reconnaissance Vehicle</a> with the <a href="/wiki/Textron_Tactical_Armoured_Patrol_Vehicle" class="mw-redirect" title="Textron Tactical Armoured Patrol Vehicle">Textron Tactical Armoured Patrol Vehicle</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Army <a href="/wiki/Infantry" title="Infantry">infantry</a> uses the <a href="/wiki/Colt_Canada_C7_rifle" class="mw-redirect" title="Colt Canada C7 rifle">C7 Rifle or C8 Carbine</a> as the basic <a href="/wiki/Assault_rifle" title="Assault rifle">assault rifle</a>, with <a href="/wiki/Grenadiers" class="mw-redirect" title="Grenadiers">grenadiers</a> using the C7 with an attached <a href="/wiki/M203_grenade_launcher" title="M203 grenade launcher">M203 grenade launcher</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/FN_Minimi" title="FN Minimi">C9</a> <a href="/wiki/Squad_automatic_weapon" title="Squad automatic weapon">squad automatic weapon</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Canadian Army also uses the <a href="/wiki/SIG_Sauer_P320" title="SIG Sauer P320">SIG Sauer P320</a><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/SIG_Sauer_P226" title="SIG Sauer P226">SIG Sauer P226</a>. </p><p>Newer variants of the C7/C8 family have since been integrated into common use throughout the Canadian Armed Forces. The C7 has most recently been updated in the form the C7A2. The major internal components remain the same, however, several changes have been made to increase versatility of the rifle.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Tactical communication is provided via the <a href="/wiki/Iris_Digital_Communications_System" title="Iris Digital Communications System">Iris Digital Communications System</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Badge">Badge</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_Army&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Badge"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:228px;max-width:228px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:112px;max-width:112px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:LANDFORCOM_Emblem.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/LANDFORCOM_Emblem.svg/110px-LANDFORCOM_Emblem.svg.png" decoding="async" width="110" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/LANDFORCOM_Emblem.svg/165px-LANDFORCOM_Emblem.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/LANDFORCOM_Emblem.svg/220px-LANDFORCOM_Emblem.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="233" data-file-height="290" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">1993–2011</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:112px;max-width:112px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:CA_Emblem.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/CA_Emblem.svg/110px-CA_Emblem.svg.png" decoding="async" width="110" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/CA_Emblem.svg/165px-CA_Emblem.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/CA_Emblem.svg/220px-CA_Emblem.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="233" data-file-height="290" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">2011–2016</div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">Past versions of the badge used by the Canadian Army, with the years they were in use listed above</div></div></div></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Heraldic_badge" title="Heraldic badge">badge</a> of the Canadian Army consists of:<sup id="cite_ref-Badge_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Badge-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/St._Edward%27s_Crown" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Edward's Crown">St. Edward's Crown</a></li> <li>Three red maple leaves on one stem</li> <li>Crossed swords</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bases_and_training_centres">Bases and training centres</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_Army&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Bases and training centres"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Batiment_42_-_Garnison_Longue-Pointe_-_Montreal_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Batiment_42_-_Garnison_Longue-Pointe_-_Montreal_01.jpg/220px-Batiment_42_-_Garnison_Longue-Pointe_-_Montreal_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Batiment_42_-_Garnison_Longue-Pointe_-_Montreal_01.jpg/330px-Batiment_42_-_Garnison_Longue-Pointe_-_Montreal_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Batiment_42_-_Garnison_Longue-Pointe_-_Montreal_01.jpg/440px-Batiment_42_-_Garnison_Longue-Pointe_-_Montreal_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>The administration building at <a href="/wiki/CFB_Montreal" title="CFB Montreal">CFB Montreal</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Forces_base" title="Canadian Forces base">Canadian Forces base</a> used by the Canadian Army</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Forces_base" title="Canadian Forces base">Canadian Forces base</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_armouries_in_Canada" title="List of armouries in Canada">List of armouries in Canada</a></div> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/2nd_Canadian_Division" title="2nd Canadian Division">2nd Canadian Division</a> <ul><li>2nd Canadian Division Support Base Montreal</li> <li>Garrison Valcartier</li> <li>Garrison St Jean</li> <li>2nd Canadian Division Training Centre Valcartier</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3rd_Canadian_Division" title="3rd Canadian Division">3rd Canadian Division</a> <ul><li>3rd Canadian Division Support Base Edmonton</li> <li>Garrison Wainwright</li> <li>Garrison Shilo</li> <li>3rd Canadian Division Training Centre Wainwright</li> <li>3rd Canadian Division Training Centre Detachment Shilo</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4th_Canadian_Division" title="4th Canadian Division">4th Canadian Division</a> <ul><li>4th Canadian Division Support Base Petawawa</li> <li>Canadian Forces Base Kingston</li> <li>4th Canadian Division Training Centre Meaford</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5th_Canadian_Division" title="5th Canadian Division">5th Canadian Division</a> <ul><li>5th Canadian Division Support Base Gagetown</li> <li>5th Canadian Division Training Centre Gagetown</li> <li>5th Canadian Division Training Centre Detachment Aldershot</li></ul></li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Canadian_Army_Journal">Canadian Army Journal</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_Army&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Canadian Army Journal"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Since 1947, the Canadian Army has produced a <a href="/wiki/Peer-review" class="mw-redirect" title="Peer-review">peer-reviewed</a> <a href="/wiki/Academic_journal" title="Academic journal">academic journal</a> called the <i><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Army_Journal" title="Canadian Army Journal">Canadian Army Journal</a>.</i> In 1965, prior to the unification of the Canadian Armed Forces, the journal was merged with similar publications from across the services. In 1980, the <i>Canadian Army Doctrine Bulletin</i> began printing as the successor to the original journal, and in 2004 the publication returned to its original name.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_Army&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg/37px-Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg/50px-Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="305" data-file-height="343" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Canada" title="Portal:Canada">Canada portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ABCANZ_Armies" title="ABCANZ Armies">ABCANZ Armies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arctic_Response_Company_Group" title="Arctic Response Company Group">Arctic Response Company Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Army_Trophy" title="Canadian Army Trophy">Canadian Army Trophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Canadian_Armoured_Corps" title="Royal Canadian Armoured Corps">Royal Canadian Armoured Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Canadian_Infantry_Corps" title="Royal Canadian Infantry Corps">Royal Canadian Infantry Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Regiment_of_Canadian_Artillery" title="Royal Regiment of Canadian Artillery">Royal Regiment of Canadian Artillery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Military_Engineers" title="Canadian Military Engineers">Canadian Military Engineers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Special_Operations_Forces_Command" title="Canadian Special Operations Forces Command">Canadian Special Operations Forces Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Formation_patches_of_the_Canadian_Army" title="Formation patches of the Canadian Army">Formation patches of the Canadian Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_units_of_the_Canadian_Army" title="List of units of the Canadian Army">List of units of the Canadian Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regimental_nicknames_of_the_Canadian_Forces" title="Regimental nicknames of the Canadian Forces">Regimental nicknames of the Canadian Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_military_bands" title="Canadian military bands">Canadian Military Bands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soldier_Apprentice" title="Soldier Apprentice">Soldier Apprentice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combat_team" title="Combat team">Combat Team</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supplementary_Order_of_Battle" title="Supplementary Order of Battle">Supplementary Order of Battle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_historical_equipment_of_the_Canadian_military" title="List of historical equipment of the Canadian military">List of historical equipment of the Canadian military</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_Army&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_Army&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/cihm_50413/mode/2up"><i>An Act to regulate the militia of this province and to repeal the acts now in force for that purpose [microform]: assented to 19th of May, 1855</i></a>. S. Derbyshire and G. Desbarats. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780665504136" title="Special:BookSources/9780665504136"><bdi>9780665504136</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 April</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.canada.ca&rft.atitle=Integrated+soldier+system+project&rft.date=2013-03-13&rft.aulast=Defence&rft.aufirst=National&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.canada.ca%2Fen%2Fdepartment-national-defence%2Fservices%2Fprocurement%2Fintegrated-soldier-system-project.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACanadian+Army" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.forces.gc.ca/site/pri/2/index-eng.asp">Equipment: Weapons</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120614025348/http://www.forces.gc.ca/site/pri/2/index-eng.asp">Archived</a> 2012-06-14 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, www.forces.gc.ca</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://militaryleak.com/2023/05/30/canadian-armed-forces-receive-new-c22-sig-sauer-p320-modular-pistols/">"Canadian Armed Forces Receive New C22 (SIG Sauer P320) Modular Pistols"</a>. 30 May 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Canadian+Armed+Forces+Receive+New+C22+%28SIG+Sauer+P320%29+Modular+Pistols&rft.date=2023-05-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmilitaryleak.com%2F2023%2F05%2F30%2Fcanadian-armed-forces-receive-new-c22-sig-sauer-p320-modular-pistols%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACanadian+Army" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.canadianforcesmilitary.com/c7a1_assault_rifle.html">"Canadian Armed Forces Assault Rifle"</a>. 2008. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120128081854/http://canadianforcesmilitary.com/c7a1_assault_rifle.html">Archived</a> from the original on 28 January 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 November</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Canadian+Armed+Forces+Assault+Rifle&rft.date=2008&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.canadianforcesmilitary.com%2Fc7a1_assault_rifle.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACanadian+Army" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Badge-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Badge_47-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gg.ca/en/heraldry/public-register/project/2843">"Approval of a Badge"</a>. <i>Public Register of Arms, Flags and Badges of Canada</i>. Official website of the Governor General<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 November</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Public+Register+of+Arms%2C+Flags+and+Badges+of+Canada&rft.atitle=Approval+of+a+Badge&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gg.ca%2Fen%2Fheraldry%2Fpublic-register%2Fproject%2F2843&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACanadian+Army" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.army.forces.gc.ca/caj/">Canadian Army Journal</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051027053642/http://www.army.forces.gc.ca/caj/">Archived</a> 2005-10-27 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></i></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notes">Notes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_Army&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Canadian Army originates from the <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Canada" title="Province of Canada">Province of Canada</a>'s "<a href="/wiki/Canadian_militia#Active_militias" class="mw-redirect" title="Canadian militia">Active Militia</a>", created through the <i><a href="/wiki/Militia_Act_of_1855" title="Militia Act of 1855">Militia Act of 1855</a></i>. However, several Canadian Army units perpetuate the battle honours of <a href="/wiki/Canadian_units_of_the_War_of_1812" title="Canadian units of the War of 1812">Canadian units from the War of 1812</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Active Militia was later adopted by the Canadian confederation through the <i>Militia Act of 1868</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1940, an <a href="/wiki/Order_in_council" class="mw-redirect" title="Order in council">order in council</a> renamed the Active Militia to the Canadian Army.<sup id="cite_ref-rename_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rename-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1968, the Canadian Army was formally amalgamated into the Canadian Armed Forces, serving as the forces' land component.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Canada" title="Province of Canada">Province of Canada</a> (1855–1867)</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_Army&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNicholson1962" class="citation book cs1">Nicholson, G.W.L. (1962). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.canada.ca/content/dam/themes/defence/caf/militaryhistory/dhh/official/book-1964-expeditionary-en.pdf"><i>Official History of the Canadian Army in the First World War: Canadian Expeditionary Force, 1914-1919</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Ottawa: Roger Duhamel, Queen's Printer and Controller of Stationery<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 November</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Official+History+of+the+Canadian+Army+in+the+First+World+War%3A+Canadian+Expeditionary+Force%2C+1914-1919&rft.place=Ottawa&rft.pub=Roger+Duhamel%2C+Queen%27s+Printer+and+Controller+of+Stationery&rft.date=1962&rft.aulast=Nicholson&rft.aufirst=G.W.L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.canada.ca%2Fcontent%2Fdam%2Fthemes%2Fdefence%2Fcaf%2Fmilitaryhistory%2Fdhh%2Fofficial%2Fbook-1964-expeditionary-en.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACanadian+Army" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStacy1956" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Stacy, C.P. (1 January 1956). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.canada.ca/content/dam/themes/defence/caf/militaryhistory/dhh/official/book-1964-expeditionary-en.pdf"><i>Official History of the Canadian Army in the Second World War</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Vol. I, Six Years of War. Ottawa: Queen's Printer<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 November</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Official+History+of+the+Canadian+Army+in+the+Second+World+War&rft.place=Ottawa&rft.pub=Queen%27s+Printer&rft.date=1956-01-01&rft.aulast=Stacy&rft.aufirst=C.P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.canada.ca%2Fcontent%2Fdam%2Fthemes%2Fdefence%2Fcaf%2Fmilitaryhistory%2Fdhh%2Fofficial%2Fbook-1964-expeditionary-en.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACanadian+Army" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_Army&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Kasurak, Peter. <i>A National Force: The Evolution of Canada's Army, 1950–2000</i> (Vancouver: UBC Press, 2013)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_Army&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; 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rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Canadian_Army" title="Template:Canadian Army"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Canadian_Army" title="Template talk:Canadian Army"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Canadian_Army" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Canadian Army"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Canadian_Army" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Canadian Army</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Canadian_Army" title="History of the Canadian Army">History of the Canadian Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Corps" title="Canadian Corps">Canadian Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Canadian_Army" title="First Canadian Army">First Canadian Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Canada" title="Military history of Canada">Military History of Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Frontenac_Library" title="Fort Frontenac Library">Fort Frontenac Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Canadian_Army_Medical_Corps" title="Royal Canadian Army Medical Corps">Royal Canadian Army Medical Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_peacekeeping" title="Canadian peacekeeping">Peacekeeping</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Structure</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Structure_of_the_Canadian_Army" title="Structure of the Canadian Army">Structure of the Canadian Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2nd_Canadian_Division" title="2nd Canadian Division">2nd Canadian Division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_Force_Western_Area" title="Land Force Western Area">3rd Canadian Division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_Force_Central_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Land Force Central Area">4th Canadian Division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_Force_Atlantic_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Land Force Atlantic Area">5th Canadian Division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_units_of_the_Canadian_Army" title="List of units of the Canadian Army">List of Units</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mechanized brigade groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1_Canadian_Mechanized_Brigade_Group" title="1 Canadian Mechanized Brigade Group">1 CMBG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2_Canadian_Mechanized_Brigade_Group" title="2 Canadian Mechanized Brigade Group">2 CMBG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5_Canadian_Mechanized_Brigade_Group" title="5 Canadian Mechanized Brigade Group">5 CMBG</a></li> <li>(former) <i><a href="/wiki/4_Canadian_Mechanized_Brigade_Group" title="4 Canadian Mechanized Brigade Group">4 CMBG</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Brigade groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/31_Canadian_Brigade_Group" title="31 Canadian Brigade Group">31 CBG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/32_Canadian_Brigade_Group" title="32 Canadian Brigade Group">32 CBG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/33_Canadian_Brigade_Group" title="33 Canadian Brigade Group">33 CBG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/34_Canadian_Brigade_Group" title="34 Canadian Brigade Group">34 CBG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/35_Canadian_Brigade_Group" title="35 Canadian Brigade Group">35 CBG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/36_Canadian_Brigade_Group" title="36 Canadian Brigade Group">36 CBG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/37_Canadian_Brigade_Group" title="37 Canadian Brigade Group">37 CBG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/38_Canadian_Brigade_Group" title="38 Canadian Brigade Group">38 CBG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/39_Canadian_Brigade_Group" title="39 Canadian Brigade Group">39 CBG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/41_Canadian_Brigade_Group" title="41 Canadian Brigade Group">41 CBG</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Support brigades</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/6_Canadian_Combat_Support_Brigade" title="6 Canadian Combat Support Brigade">6 CCSB</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Small arms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/FN_Minimi#Canada" title="FN Minimi"> C9 light machine gun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colt_Canada_C7_and_C8" title="Colt Canada C7 and C8"> C7 rifle/C8 carbine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FN_MAG" title="FN MAG">C6 general purpose machine gun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M2_Browning" title="M2 Browning">Browning .50 calibre heavy machine gun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Browning_Hi-Power" title="Browning Hi-Power">Browning-HP 9 mm pistol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SIG_Sauer_P226" title="SIG Sauer P226">P225, 226</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SIG_Sauer_P320" title="SIG Sauer P320">C22 pistol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McMillan_Tac-50" class="mw-redirect" title="McMillan Tac-50">C15 Long Range Sniper Weapon (LRSW)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parker_Hale_M82" class="mw-redirect" title="Parker Hale M82"> C3A1 sniper rifle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C14_Timberwolf" title="C14 Timberwolf">C14 Timberwolf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colt_Canada_C19" title="Colt Canada C19">C19 rifle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colt_Canada_C20_DMR" title="Colt Canada C20 DMR">C20 DMR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sako_TRG" title="Sako TRG">C21 sniper rifle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M67_grenade" title="M67 grenade">C13 fragmentation grenade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M203_grenade_launcher" title="M203 grenade launcher">M203 grenade launcher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M72_LAW" title="M72 LAW">M72 SRAAW(L)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Crewed weapons</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Gustav_recoilless_rifle" class="mw-redirect" title="Carl Gustav recoilless rifle">Carl Gustav SRAAW(M)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spike_(missile)" title="Spike (missile)">Spike ATGM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BGM-71_TOW" title="BGM-71 TOW">TOW LRAAW(H)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L16_81mm_mortar" title="L16 81mm mortar">81 mm mortar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RBS_70" title="RBS 70">RBS 70 NG MANPADS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oerlikon_35_mm_twin_cannon" class="mw-redirect" title="Oerlikon 35 mm twin cannon">Skyguard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M101_howitzer" title="M101 howitzer">C3 close support howitzer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GIAT_LG1" title="GIAT LG1">LG1 Mark II 105 mm towed howitzer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M777_howitzer" title="M777 howitzer"> M777 lightweight 155mm howitzer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heckler_%26_Koch_GMG" title="Heckler & Koch GMG">C16 CASW</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Armoured_fighting_vehicle" title="Armoured fighting vehicle">Armoured fighting vehicles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LAV_III" title="LAV III">LAV III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LAV_6" title="LAV 6">LAV VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coyote_Reconnaissance_Vehicle" class="mw-redirect" title="Coyote Reconnaissance Vehicle">Coyote Reconnaissance Vehicle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopard_2" title="Leopard 2">Leopard 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bison_(armoured_personnel_carrier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bison (armoured personnel carrier)">Bison APC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M113_armored_personnel_carrier" title="M113 armored personnel carrier">M113A3 and MTVL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RG-31_Nyala" title="RG-31 Nyala">RG-31</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Textron_tactical_armoured_patrol_vehicle" title="Textron tactical armoured patrol vehicle">Textron TAPV</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Schools</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Army_Command_and_Staff_College" title="Canadian Army Command and Staff College">Canadian Army Command and Staff College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace_Support_Training_Centre" title="Peace Support Training Centre">Peace Support Training Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Army_Advanced_Warfare_Centre" title="Canadian Army Advanced Warfare Centre">Canadian Army Advanced Warfare Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combat_Training_Centre" title="Combat Training Centre">Combat Training Centre</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Canadian_Army" title="Category:Canadian Army">Category</a></b></li> <li><b><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Canadian_Army" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Canadian Army">Commons</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Canadian_Armed_Forces" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Canadian_Armed_Forces" title="Template:Canadian Armed Forces"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a 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Canada">Military history</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Royal_Canadian_Navy" title="History of the Royal Canadian Navy">Royal Canadian Navy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Canadian_Army" title="History of the Canadian Army">Canadian Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Royal_Canadian_Air_Force" title="History of the Royal Canadian Air Force">Royal Canadian Air Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_peacekeeping" title="Canadian peacekeeping">Peacekeeping</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Leadership</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commander-in-Chief_of_the_Canadian_Armed_Forces" title="Commander-in-Chief of the Canadian Armed Forces">Commander-in-Chief</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_of_the_Defence_Staff_(Canada)" title="Chief of the Defence Staff (Canada)">Chief of the Defence Staff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vice_Chief_of_the_Defence_Staff_(Canada)" title="Vice Chief of the Defence Staff (Canada)">Vice Chief of the Defence Staff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_Council" title="Armed Forces Council">Armed Forces Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commander_of_the_Royal_Canadian_Navy" title="Commander of the Royal Canadian Navy">Commander of the Royal Canadian Navy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commander_of_the_Canadian_Army" title="Commander of the Canadian Army">Commander of the Canadian Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commander_of_the_Royal_Canadian_Air_Force" title="Commander of the Royal Canadian Air Force">Commander of the Royal Canadian Air Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Forces_chief_warrant_officer" class="mw-redirect" title="Canadian Forces chief warrant officer">Canadian Forces chief warrant officer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Commands</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Joint_Operations_Command" title="Canadian Joint Operations Command">Canadian Joint Operations Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Special_Operations_Forces_Command" title="Canadian Special Operations Forces Command">Canadian Special Operations Forces Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Forces_Intelligence_Command" title="Canadian Forces Intelligence Command">Canadian Forces Intelligence Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Primary_Reserve" title="Primary Reserve">Primary Reserve</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Military_College_of_Canada" title="Royal Military College of Canada">Royal Military College of Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Military_College_Saint-Jean" title="Royal Military College Saint-Jean">Royal Military College Saint-Jean</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_Canadian_military_history" title="Bibliography of Canadian military history">Bibliography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Canadian_military_operations" title="List of Canadian military operations">Operations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canada_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction" title="Canada and weapons of mass destruction">Weapons of mass destruction</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Canadian_Armed_Forces" title="Category:Canadian Armed Forces">Category</a></b></li> <li><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" 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style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="NATO_Allied_Land_Command" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a> <a href="/wiki/Allied_Land_Command" title="Allied Land Command">Allied Land Command</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">NATO<br /><a href="/wiki/Army" title="Army">land<br />forces</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania"><img alt="Albania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/21px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/32px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/42px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Albanian_Land_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="Albanian Land Force">Albanian Land Force</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium"><img alt="Belgium" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Belgian_Land_Component" title="Belgian Land Component">Belgian Land Component</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria"><img alt="Bulgaria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_Land_Forces" title="Bulgarian Land Forces">Bulgarian Land Forces</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada"><img alt="Canada" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Canadian Army</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia"><img alt="Croatia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Croatian_Army" title="Croatian Army">Croatian Army</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic"><img alt="Czech Republic" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Czech_Land_Forces" title="Czech Land Forces">Czech Land Forces</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark"><img alt="Denmark" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/20px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/31px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/40px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Royal_Danish_Army" title="Royal Danish Army">Royal Danish Army</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia"><img alt="Estonia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="630" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Estonian_Land_Forces" title="Estonian Land Forces">Estonian Land Forces</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland"><img alt="Finland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Finnish_Army" title="Finnish Army">Finnish Army</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/French_Army" title="French Army">French Army</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><img alt="Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/German_Army" title="German Army">German Army</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece"><img alt="Greece" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/23px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/35px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/45px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Hellenic_Army" title="Hellenic Army">Hellenic Army</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary"><img alt="Hungary" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/46px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Ground_Forces" title="Hungarian Ground Forces">Hungarian Ground Forces</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland"><img alt="Iceland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/21px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/32px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/42px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1250" data-file-height="900" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Iceland_Crisis_Response_Unit" title="Iceland Crisis Response Unit">Iceland Crisis Response Unit</a></span></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy"><img alt="Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Italian_Army" title="Italian Army">Italian Army</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Carabinieri" title="Carabinieri">Carabinieri</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia"><img alt="Latvia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Latvian_Land_Forces" title="Latvian Land Forces">Latvian Land Forces</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania"><img alt="Lithuania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/46px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Land_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="Lithuanian Land Force">Lithuanian Land Force</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg"><img alt="Luxembourg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/23px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/35px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/46px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="307" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Luxembourg_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Luxembourg Army">Luxembourg Army</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro"><img alt="Montenegro" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Montenegro.svg/23px-Flag_of_Montenegro.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Montenegro.svg/35px-Flag_of_Montenegro.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Montenegro.svg/46px-Flag_of_Montenegro.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Montenegrin_Ground_Army" title="Montenegrin Ground Army">Montenegrin Ground Army</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands"><img alt="Netherlands" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Royal_Netherlands_Army" title="Royal Netherlands Army">Royal Netherlands Army</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/North_Macedonia" title="North Macedonia"><img alt="North Macedonia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/35px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/46px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Army_of_North_Macedonia" title="Army of North Macedonia">Army of North Macedonia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway"><img alt="Norway" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/21px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/32px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/41px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="372" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Army" title="Norwegian Army">Norwegian Army</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland"><img alt="Poland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Polish_Land_Forces" title="Polish Land Forces">Polish Land Forces</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal"><img alt="Portugal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/35px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/45px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Army" title="Portuguese Army">Portuguese Army</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania"><img alt="Romania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Romanian_Land_Forces" title="Romanian Land Forces">Romanian Land Forces</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia"><img alt="Slovakia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Ground_Forces_of_the_Slovak_Republic" title="Ground Forces of the Slovak Republic">Ground Forces of the Slovak Republic</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia"><img alt="Slovenia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Slovenian_Ground_Force" title="Slovenian Ground Force">Slovenian Ground Force</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain"><img alt="Spain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Army" title="Spanish Army">Spanish Army</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden"><img alt="Sweden" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Swedish_Army" title="Swedish Army">Swedish 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Allied_Land_Command.svg/120px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Allied_Land_Command.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Allied_Land_Command.svg/160px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Allied_Land_Command.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="304" data-file-height="409" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Armies_of_the_Americas" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Armies_in_America" title="Template:Armies in America"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Armies_in_America" title="Template talk:Armies in America"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Armies_in_America" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Armies in America"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Armies_of_the_Americas" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Army" title="Army">Armies</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Americas" title="Americas">Americas</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states" title="List of sovereign states">Sovereign states</a></th><td 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href="/wiki/Haitian_Army" title="Haitian Army">Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honduran_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Honduran Army">Honduras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_Army" title="Mexican Army">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicaraguan_Armed_Forces" title="Nicaraguan Armed Forces">Nicaragua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paraguayan_Army" title="Paraguayan Army">Paraguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peruvian_Army" title="Peruvian Army">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uruguayan_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Uruguayan Army">Uruguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venezuelan_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Venezuelan Army">Venezuela</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependencies</a> and<br />other territories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even 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