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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Early_life_and_education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_life_and_education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Early life and education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_life_and_education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Career" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Career"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Career</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Career-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Career subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Career-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Early_career" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_career"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Early career</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_career-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Early_television_work_and_The_Liberace_Show" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_television_work_and_The_Liberace_Show"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Early television work and <i>The Liberace Show</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_television_work_and_The_Liberace_Show-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-After_The_Liberace_Show" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#After_The_Liberace_Show"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>After <i>The Liberace Show</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-After_The_Liberace_Show-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Later_television_work" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Later_television_work"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Later television work</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Later_television_work-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Films" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Films"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Films</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Films-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Recordings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Recordings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Recordings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Recordings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Final_appearances" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Final_appearances"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span>Final appearances</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Final_appearances-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personal_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personal_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Personal life</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Personal_life-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Personal life subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Personal_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Lawsuits_and_allegations_of_homosexuality" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lawsuits_and_allegations_of_homosexuality"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Lawsuits and allegations of homosexuality</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lawsuits_and_allegations_of_homosexuality-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Illness_and_death" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Illness_and_death"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Illness and death</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Illness_and_death-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Awards" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Awards"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Awards</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Awards-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Closure_of_Liberace_Museum_and_Tivoli_Gardens_Restaurant" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Closure_of_Liberace_Museum_and_Tivoli_Gardens_Restaurant"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Closure of Liberace Museum and Tivoli Gardens Restaurant</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Closure_of_Liberace_Museum_and_Tivoli_Gardens_Restaurant-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Depiction_in_media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Depiction_in_media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Depiction in media</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Depiction_in_media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Legacy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Publications" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Publications"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Publications</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Publications-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Publications subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Publications-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Autobiographies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Autobiographies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Autobiographies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Autobiographies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Biographies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Biographies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>Biographies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Biographies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cooking" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cooking"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.3</span> <span>Cooking</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cooking-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Compilations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Compilations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.4</span> <span>Compilations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Compilations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Liberace</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 37 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-37" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">37 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberace" title="Liberace – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Liberace" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%88_%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%88_%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B4%D9%87" title="فواديو فالنتينو ليبراتشه – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فواديو فالنتينو ليبراتشه" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberace" title="Liberace – Aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Liberace" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="Aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%DA%86%DB%8C" title="لیبراچی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="لیبراچی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B8" title="Либерачи – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Либерачи" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberace" title="Liberace – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Liberace" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberace" title="Liberace – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Liberace" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberace" title="Liberace – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Liberace" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberace" title="Liberace – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Liberace" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberace" title="Liberace – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Liberace" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberace" title="Liberace – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Liberace" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%DA%86%DB%8C" title="لیبراچی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="لیبراچی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberace" title="Liberace – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Liberace" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A6%AC%EB%B2%84%EB%9D%BC%EC%B9%98" title="리버라치 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="리버라치" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BC%D5%AB%D5%A2%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B9%D5%A5" title="Լիբերաչե – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Լիբերաչե" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberace" title="Liberace – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Liberace" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberace" title="Liberace – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Liberace" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%A6%27%D7%94" title="ליברצ'ה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ליברצ'ה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberace" title="Liberace – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Liberace" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%9A%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9A%E0%B4%BF" title="ലിബറാച്ചി – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ലിബറാച്ചി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%89" title="ليبيراسى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ليبيراسى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberace" title="Liberace – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Liberace" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberace" title="Liberace – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Liberace" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AA%E3%83%99%E3%83%A9%E3%83%BC%E3%83%81%E3%82%A7" title="リベラーチェ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="リベラーチェ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberace" title="Liberace – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Liberace" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberace" title="Liberace – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Liberace" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberace" title="Liberace – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Liberace" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberace" title="Liberace – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Liberace" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B5" title="Либераче – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Либераче" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberace" title="Liberace – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Liberace" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B3" title="لیبرایس – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="لیبرایس" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberace" title="Liberace – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Liberace" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberace" title="Liberace – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Liberace" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberace" title="Liberace – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Liberace" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberace" title="Liberace – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Liberace" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberace" title="Liberace – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Liberace" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a 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class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American musician and actor (1919–1987)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For his older brother, see <a href="/wiki/George_Liberace" title="George Liberace">George Liberace</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Liberace</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Liberace_8_Allan_Warren.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Liberace_8_Allan_Warren.jpg/220px-Liberace_8_Allan_Warren.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="335" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Liberace_8_Allan_Warren.jpg/330px-Liberace_8_Allan_Warren.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Liberace_8_Allan_Warren.jpg/440px-Liberace_8_Allan_Warren.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2236" data-file-height="3408" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Portrait by <a href="/wiki/Allan_Warren" title="Allan Warren">Allan Warren</a>, 1969</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Władziu Valentino Liberace</div><br /><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1919-05-16</span>)</span>May 16, 1919<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/West_Milwaukee,_Wisconsin" title="West Milwaukee, Wisconsin">West Milwaukee, Wisconsin</a>, U.S.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">February 4, 1987<span style="display:none">(1987-02-04)</span> (aged 67)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Palm_Springs,_California" title="Palm Springs, California">Palm Springs, California</a>, U.S.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Resting place</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Forest_Lawn,_Hollywood_Hills_Cemetery" class="mw-redirect" title="Forest Lawn, Hollywood Hills Cemetery">Forest Lawn, Hollywood Hills Cemetery</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Other names</th><td class="infobox-data nickname"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"> <ul><li>Walter Busterkeys</li> <li>Walter Liberace</li> <li>Lee</li> <li>The Glitter Man</li> <li>Mr. Showmanship</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupations</th><td class="infobox-data role"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li>Pianist</li> <li>singer</li> <li>entertainer</li> <li>actor</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Years active</th><td class="infobox-data">1936–1986</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><b>Musical career</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Genres</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_pop" title="Traditional pop">Traditional pop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Easy_listening" title="Easy listening">easy listening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big_band" title="Big band">big band</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swing_music" title="Swing music">swing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jazz" title="Jazz">jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boogie-woogie" title="Boogie-woogie">boogie-woogie</a></li> <li>classical</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Instruments</th><td class="infobox-data note"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Piano</li><li>vocals</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Labels</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Columbia_Records" title="Columbia Records">Columbia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Dot_Records" title="Dot Records">Dot</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Musical artist</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Władziu Valentino Liberace</b><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>nb 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (May 16, 1919 – February 4, 1987) was an American pianist, singer and actor.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was born in <a href="/wiki/Wisconsin" title="Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a> to parents of Italian and Polish origin and enjoyed a career spanning four decades of concerts, recordings, television, motion pictures and endorsements. At the height of his fame from the 1950s to 1970s, he was the highest-paid entertainer in the world<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with established <a href="/wiki/Concert_residencies" class="mw-redirect" title="Concert residencies">concert residencies</a> in Las Vegas and an international touring schedule. He embraced a lifestyle of flamboyant excess both on and off stage. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_education">Early life and education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberace&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life and education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Władziu Valentino Liberace (known as Lee to his friends and Walter to family)<sup id="cite_ref-Barker,_2009,_p._12_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Barker,_2009,_p._12-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was born in West Milwaukee, Wisconsin on May 16, 1919. His grandfather Valentino Liberace (1836–1909) was a casket maker from <a href="/wiki/Formia" title="Formia">Formia</a> in central Italy where his father, musician Salvatore ("Sam") Liberace (1885–1977), was born.<sup id="cite_ref-ancestry_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ancestry-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His mother, Frances Zuchowski (1891–1980)<sup id="cite_ref-ancestry_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ancestry-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was born in <a href="/wiki/Menasha,_Wisconsin" title="Menasha, Wisconsin">Menasha, Wisconsin</a>, and was of Polish descent.<sup id="cite_ref-ancestry_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ancestry-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Liberace had an identical twin who died at birth.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He had three surviving siblings: a brother <a href="/wiki/George_Liberace" title="George Liberace">George</a> (who was a violinist), a sister Angelina, and younger brother Rudy (Rudolph Valentino Liberace, named after <a href="/wiki/Rudolph_Valentino" title="Rudolph Valentino">the actor</a> due to his mother's interest in show business).<sup id="cite_ref-Obituaries_1997_p._5_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Obituaries_1997_p._5-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Liberace's father played the French horn in bands and cinemas, and often worked as a factory worker or laborer. While Sam encouraged music in his family, his wife Frances (despite having been a <a href="/wiki/Concert_pianist" class="mw-redirect" title="Concert pianist">concert pianist</a> before her marriage)<sup id="cite_ref-Obituaries_1997_p._5_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Obituaries_1997_p._5-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> believed music lessons and a record player to be unaffordable luxuries. This disagreement caused family disputes.<sup id="cite_ref-pyron12_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pyron12-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Liberace later said "My dad's love and respect for music created in him a deep determination to give as his legacy to the world, a family of musicians dedicated to the advancement of the art."<sup id="cite_ref-pyron17_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pyron17-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Liberace began playing the piano at the age of four. While Sam took his children to concerts to further expose them to music, he was a taskmaster demanding high standards from the children in both practice and performance. Liberace's prodigious talent was evident from his early years. By the age of 7, he was capable of memorizing difficult pieces. He studied the technique of the Polish pianist <a href="/wiki/Ignacy_Jan_Paderewski" title="Ignacy Jan Paderewski">Ignacy Jan Paderewski</a>. At the age of eight, he met Paderewski backstage after a concert at the <a href="/wiki/Pabst_Theater" title="Pabst Theater">Pabst Theater</a> in Milwaukee. "I was intoxicated by the joy I got from the great virtuoso's playing", Liberace said later. "My dreams were filled with fantasies of following his footsteps...Inspired and fired with ambition, I began to practice with a fervour that made my previous interest in the piano look like neglect." Paderewski later became a family friend<sup id="cite_ref-pyron42_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pyron42-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as well as Liberace's mentor, to whom the protege never missed any opportunities to pay tribute. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Great_Depression" title="Great Depression">Depression</a> was financially hard on the Liberace family. In childhood, Liberace suffered from a speech impediment; as a teen, he was taunted by neighborhood children, who mocked him for his effeminate personality, his avoidance of sports, and his fondness for cooking and the piano.<sup id="cite_ref-pyron35_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pyron35-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Liberace concentrated on his piano playing with the help of music teacher Florence Kelly, who oversaw Liberace's musical development for ten years. He gained experience playing popular music in theaters, on local radio, for dancing classes, clubs and weddings.<sup id="cite_ref-pyron63_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pyron63-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1934, he played jazz piano with a school group named The Mixers and later with other groups. Liberace performed in cabarets and <a href="/wiki/Strip_club" title="Strip club">strip clubs</a>. Although Sam and Frances did not approve, their son was earning a living during hard times. For a while, Liberace adopted the stage name Walter Busterkeys.<sup id="cite_ref-pyron63_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pyron63-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He showed an interest in <a href="/wiki/Draftsmanship" class="mw-redirect" title="Draftsmanship">draftsmanship</a>, design and painting, and he became a fastidious dresser and follower of fashion. By this time, he was displaying a penchant for turning eccentricities into attention-getting practices, and he earned popularity at school despite some making him an object of ridicule.<sup id="cite_ref-pyron57_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pyron57-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberace&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_career">Early career</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberace&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Early career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:LiberaceChristmasCostume.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/LiberaceChristmasCostume.jpg/170px-LiberaceChristmasCostume.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="247" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/LiberaceChristmasCostume.jpg/255px-LiberaceChristmasCostume.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/LiberaceChristmasCostume.jpg/340px-LiberaceChristmasCostume.jpg 2x" data-file-width="955" data-file-height="1389" /></a><figcaption>Liberace's early-1980s Christmas costume, worn at the <a href="/wiki/Westgate_Las_Vegas_Resort_%26_Casino" class="mw-redirect" title="Westgate Las Vegas Resort & Casino">Las Vegas Hilton</a> and <a href="/wiki/Radio_City_Music_Hall" title="Radio City Music Hall">Radio City Music Hall</a>: Designed by Michael Travis, with fur design by Anna Nateece, the costume was one of many at the <a href="/wiki/Liberace_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberace Museum">Liberace Museum</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>A participant in a formal classical music competition in 1937, Liberace was praised for his "flair and showmanship".<sup id="cite_ref-pyron46-54_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pyron46-54-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the end of a traditional classical concert in La Crosse, Wisconsin in 1939, Liberace played his first requested encore, the popular comedy song "<a href="/wiki/Three_Little_Fishies" title="Three Little Fishies">Three Little Fishies</a>". He later stated that he played the popular tune in the styles of several different classical composers.<sup id="cite_ref-pyron66_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pyron66-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 20-year-old played with the <a href="/wiki/Chicago_Symphony_Orchestra" title="Chicago Symphony Orchestra">Chicago Symphony Orchestra</a> on January 15, 1940, at the <a href="/wiki/Pabst_Theater" title="Pabst Theater">Pabst Theater</a> in Milwaukee, performing <a href="/wiki/Liszt" class="mw-redirect" title="Liszt">Liszt</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Piano_Concerto_No._2_(Liszt)" title="Piano Concerto No. 2 (Liszt)">Second Piano Concerto</a> under the baton of <a href="/wiki/Hans_Lange_(conductor)" title="Hans Lange (conductor)">Hans Lange</a>, for which he received strong reviews. He also toured in the Midwest. </p><p>From 1942 to 1944, Liberace moved from straight classical performance and reinvented his act to one featuring "pop with a bit of classics" or as he called it "classical music with the boring parts left out". In the early 1940s, he struggled in New York City, but by the mid- and late-1940s, he was performing in night clubs in major cities around the United States and "gained national exposure through his performance contracts with the <a href="/wiki/Statler_Hotels" title="Statler Hotels">Statler</a> and <a href="/wiki/Radisson" class="mw-redirect" title="Radisson">Radisson</a> hotel chains",<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> largely abandoning classical music. He changed from a classical pianist to an entertainer and showman, unpredictably and whimsically mixing the serious with light fare, e.g., <a href="/wiki/Chopin" class="mw-redirect" title="Chopin">Chopin</a> with "<a href="/wiki/Home_on_the_Range" title="Home on the Range">Home on the Range</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-pyron77_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pyron77-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>For a while, he played piano along with a <a href="/wiki/Phonograph" title="Phonograph">phonograph</a> on stage. The gimmick helped gain him attention. He added interaction with the audience—taking requests, talking with the patrons, making jokes, giving lessons to chosen audience members. He began to pay greater attention to such details as staging, lighting and presentation. The transformation to entertainer was driven by Liberace's desire to connect directly with his audiences, and secondarily from the reality of the difficult, top flight competition in the classical piano world. </p><p>In 1943, he began to appear in <a href="/wiki/Soundies" class="mw-redirect" title="Soundies">Soundies</a> (the 1940s precursor to music videos). He recreated two flashy numbers from his nightclub act, the standards "<a href="/wiki/Tiger_Rag" title="Tiger Rag">Tiger Rag</a>" and "<a href="/wiki/Twelfth_Street_Rag" title="Twelfth Street Rag">Twelfth Street Rag</a>". In these films, he was billed as Walter Liberace. Both Soundies later were released to the home-movie market by <a href="/wiki/Castle_Films" title="Castle Films">Castle Films</a>. In 1944, he made his first appearances in Las Vegas, which later became his principal venue.<sup id="cite_ref-pyron90-94_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pyron90-94-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He was playing at the best clubs, finally appearing at the <a href="/wiki/Plaza_Hotel#Persian_Room" title="Plaza Hotel">Persian Room</a> in 1945, and <i>Variety</i> wrote "Liberace looks like a cross between <a href="/wiki/Cary_Grant" title="Cary Grant">Cary Grant</a> and <a href="/wiki/Robert_Alda" title="Robert Alda">Robert Alda</a>. He has an effective manner, attractive hands which he spotlights properly, and withal, rings the bell in the dramatically lighted, well-presented, showmanly routine. He should snowball into box office." <i>The Chicago Times</i> was similarly impressed: He "made like Chopin one minute and then turns on a <a href="/wiki/Chico_Marx" title="Chico Marx">Chico Marx</a> bit the next."<sup id="cite_ref-pyron90-94_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pyron90-94-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Liberace_and_O%27hara_-_1957.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Liberace_and_O%27hara_-_1957.jpg/220px-Liberace_and_O%27hara_-_1957.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="286" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Liberace_and_O%27hara_-_1957.jpg/330px-Liberace_and_O%27hara_-_1957.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Liberace_and_O%27hara_-_1957.jpg/440px-Liberace_and_O%27hara_-_1957.jpg 2x" data-file-width="621" data-file-height="808" /></a><figcaption>Liberace with actress <a href="/wiki/Maureen_O%27Hara" title="Maureen O'Hara">Maureen O'Hara</a> during a court hearing in 1957</figcaption></figure> <p>During this time, Liberace worked to refine his act. He added the <a href="/wiki/Candelabrum" class="mw-redirect" title="Candelabrum">candelabrum</a> as his trademark, inspired by a similar prop in the Chopin biopic <i><a href="/wiki/A_Song_to_Remember" title="A Song to Remember">A Song to Remember</a></i> (1945).<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He adopted Liberace as his stage name, making a point in press releases that it was pronounced "Liber-Ah-chee".<sup id="cite_ref-pyron96_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pyron96-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He wore <a href="/wiki/White_tie_and_tails" class="mw-redirect" title="White tie and tails">white tie and tails</a> for better visibility in large halls. Besides clubs and occasional work as an accompanist and rehearsal pianist, Liberace played for private parties, including ones at the <a href="/wiki/Park_Avenue" title="Park Avenue">Park Avenue</a> home of millionaire oilman <a href="/wiki/J._Paul_Getty" title="J. Paul Getty">J. Paul Getty</a>. By 1947, he was billing himself as "Liberace—the most amazing piano virtuoso of the present day."<sup id="cite_ref-pyron79_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pyron79-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1953, Liberace signed with Louis Snader, a California theater owner and TV producer whose telescriptions—short film clips used as fillers on local stations across the country. Liberace was replacing <a href="/wiki/Korla_Pandit" title="Korla Pandit">Korla Pandit</a> who parted ways with Snader due to a contract dispute. According to Eric Christiansen, the filmmaker who made Pandit's biopic: "[Liberace] used the same sets and took credit for his staring into the camera and breaking that wall. He felt like Liberace stole his soul."<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Liberace had to have a piano to match his growing presence, so he bought a rare, oversized, gold-leafed <a href="/wiki/Bl%C3%BCthner" title="Blüthner">Blüthner</a> Grand, which he hyped up in his press kit as a "priceless piano".<sup id="cite_ref-pyron115_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pyron115-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later, he performed with an array of extravagant, custom-decorated pianos, some encrusted with rhinestones and mirrors. He moved to the Los Angeles neighborhood of North Hollywood in 1947 and was performing at local clubs, such as <a href="/wiki/Ciro%27s" title="Ciro's">Ciro's</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mocambo_(nightclub)" title="Mocambo (nightclub)">The Mocambo</a>, for stars such as <a href="/wiki/Rosalind_Russell" title="Rosalind Russell">Rosalind Russell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Clark_Gable" title="Clark Gable">Clark Gable</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gloria_Swanson" title="Gloria Swanson">Gloria Swanson</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shirley_Temple" title="Shirley Temple">Shirley Temple</a>. He did not always play to packed rooms, and he learned to perform with extra energy to thinner crowds to maintain his enthusiasm.<sup id="cite_ref-pyron139_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pyron139-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Liberace created a publicity machine that helped to make him a star. Despite his success in the supper-club circuit, where he was often an intermission act, his ambition was to reach larger audiences as a headliner and a television, movie and recording star. Liberace began to expand his act and made it more extravagant, with more costumes and a larger supporting cast. His large-scale Las Vegas act became his hallmark, expanding his fan base and making him wealthy. </p><p>His New York City performance at <a href="/wiki/Madison_Square_Garden_(1925)" title="Madison Square Garden (1925)">Madison Square Garden</a> in 1954, which earned him a record $138,000 (equivalent to $1,570,000 in 2023) for one performance, was more successful than the great triumph his idol Paderewski had made 20 years earlier.<sup id="cite_ref-pyron161_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pyron161-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was mentioned as a sex symbol in <a href="/wiki/The_Chordettes" title="The Chordettes">The Chordettes</a> 1954 No. 1 hit "<a href="/wiki/Mr._Sandman" title="Mr. Sandman">Mr. Sandman</a>". By 1955, he was making $50,000 per week (equivalent to $568,696 in 2023) at the <a href="/wiki/Riviera_Hotel_and_Casino" class="mw-redirect" title="Riviera Hotel and Casino">Riviera Hotel and Casino</a> in Las Vegas and had over 200 official fan clubs with 250,000 members.<sup id="cite_ref-pyron162_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pyron162-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was making over $1 million per year from public appearances and millions from television.<sup id="cite_ref-pyron161_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pyron161-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Liberace was frequently covered by the major magazines, and he became a pop-culture superstar, but he became the butt of jokes by comedians and the public. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Elvis_and_liberace.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Elvis_and_liberace.jpg/220px-Elvis_and_liberace.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="185" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Elvis_and_liberace.jpg/330px-Elvis_and_liberace.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Elvis_and_liberace.jpg/440px-Elvis_and_liberace.jpg 2x" data-file-width="879" data-file-height="739" /></a><figcaption>Liberace with <a href="/wiki/Elvis_Presley" title="Elvis Presley">Elvis Presley</a> in 1956</figcaption></figure> <p>Liberace appeared on the March 8, 1956, episode of the TV quiz program <i><a href="/wiki/You_Bet_Your_Life" title="You Bet Your Life">You Bet Your Life</a></i>, hosted by <a href="/wiki/Groucho_Marx" title="Groucho Marx">Groucho Marx</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Music critics were generally harsh in their assessment of his piano playing. Critic Lewis Funke wrote after a Carnegie Hall concert, Liberace's music "must be served with all the available tricks, as loud as possible, as soft as possible, and as sentimental as possible. It's almost all showmanship topped by whipped cream and cherries." Even worse, to said critics, was his apparent lack of reverence and fidelity to the great composers. "Liberace recreates—if that is the word—each composition in his own image. When it is too difficult, he simplifies it. When it is too simple, he complicates it." They referred to his "sloppy technique" that included "slackness of rhythms, wrong tempos, distorted <a href="/wiki/Phrase_(music)" title="Phrase (music)">phrasing</a>, an excess of prettification and sentimentality, a failure to stick to what the composer has written."<sup id="cite_ref-pyron180_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pyron180-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Liberace once stated "I don't give concerts. I put on a show."<sup id="cite_ref-pyron272_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pyron272-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Unlike the concerts of classical pianists that normally ended with applause and a retreat off-stage, Liberace's shows ended with the public invited on-stage to touch his clothes, piano, jewelry and hands. Kisses, handshakes, hugs and caresses usually followed.<sup id="cite_ref-pyron281_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pyron281-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A critic summarized his appeal near the end of Liberace's life: "Mr. Showmanship has another more potent, drawing power to his show: the warm and wonderful way he works his audience. Surprisingly enough, behind all the glitz glitter, the corny false modesty, and the shy smile, Liberace exudes a love that is returned to him a thousand-fold."<sup id="cite_ref-pyron292_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pyron292-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_television_work_and_The_Liberace_Show"><span class="anchor" id="The_Liberace_Show"></span>Early television work and <i>The Liberace Show</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberace&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Early television work and The Liberace Show"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Liberace.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Liberace.jpg/220px-Liberace.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Liberace.jpg/330px-Liberace.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Liberace.jpg/440px-Liberace.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1731" data-file-height="1175" /></a><figcaption>Liberace performing in 1983</figcaption></figure> <p>Liberace mostly bypassed radio before trying a television career, thinking radio unsuitable given his act's dependence on the visual.<sup id="cite_ref-pyron278_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pyron278-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite his enthusiasm about the possibilities of television, Liberace was disappointed after his early guest appearances on <i>The Kate Smith Show</i> and <a href="/wiki/DuMont_Television_Network" title="DuMont Television Network">DuMont</a>'s <i>Cavalcade of Stars</i>, with <a href="/wiki/Jackie_Gleason" title="Jackie Gleason">Jackie Gleason</a>. Liberace was particularly displeased with the frenetic camera work and his short appearance time. He soon wanted his own show where he could control his presentation as he did with his club shows.<sup id="cite_ref-pyron132_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pyron132-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>His first show on local television in Los Angeles was a smash hit, earning the highest ratings of any local show, which he parlayed into a sold-out appearance at the <a href="/wiki/Hollywood_Bowl" title="Hollywood Bowl">Hollywood Bowl</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-pyron141_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pyron141-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It led to a summer replacement program for <a href="/wiki/Dinah_Shore" title="Dinah Shore">Dinah Shore</a>. </p><p>The 15-minute network television program <i>The Liberace Show</i> began on July 1, 1952, but did not lead to a regular network series. Instead, producer Duke Goldstone mounted a filmed version of Liberace's local show performed before a live audience for syndication in 1953 and sold it to scores of local stations. The widespread exposure of the syndicated series made the pianist more popular and prosperous than ever. His first two years' earnings from television netted him $7 million, and on future reruns, he earned up to 80% of the profits.<sup id="cite_ref-pyron162_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pyron162-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Liberace learned early to add "<a href="/wiki/Schmaltz#Derived_meanings" title="Schmaltz">schmaltz</a>" to his television show and to cater to the tastes of the mass audience by joking and chatting to the camera as if performing in the viewer's own living room. He used dramatic lighting, split images, costume changes and exaggerated hand movements to create visual interest. His television performances featured enthusiasm and humor. </p><p>Liberace employed "ritualistic domesticity", used by such early TV greats as <a href="/wiki/Jack_Benny" title="Jack Benny">Jack Benny</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lucille_Ball" title="Lucille Ball">Lucille Ball</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-pyron145_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pyron145-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His brother George often appeared as guest violinist and orchestra director, and his mother was usually in the front row of the audience, with brother Rudy and sister Angelina often mentioned to lend an air of "family". Liberace began each show in the same way, then mixed production numbers with chat, and signed off each broadcast softly singing "<a href="/wiki/I%27ll_Be_Seeing_You_(song)" title="I'll Be Seeing You (song)">I'll Be Seeing You</a>", which he made his theme song. His musical selections were broad, including classics, show tunes, film melodies, Latin rhythms, ethnic songs and <a href="/wiki/Boogie-woogie" title="Boogie-woogie">boogie-woogie</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-pyron154_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pyron154-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The show was so popular with his mostly female television audience, he drew over 30 million viewers at any one time and received 10,000 fan letters per week.<sup id="cite_ref-pyron156_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pyron156-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His show was one of the early ones to be shown on British commercial television in the 1950s, where it was broadcast on Sunday afternoons by <a href="/wiki/Lew_Grade" title="Lew Grade">Lew Grade</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Associated_TeleVision" class="mw-redirect" title="Associated TeleVision">Associated TeleVision</a>. This exposure gave Liberace a dedicated following in the United Kingdom. Gay men found him appealing. Darden Asbury Pyron wrote "Liberace was the first gay person <a href="/wiki/Elton_John" title="Elton John">Elton John</a> had ever seen on television; he became his hero."<sup id="cite_ref-pyron175_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pyron175-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="After_The_Liberace_Show">After <i>The Liberace Show</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberace&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: After The Liberace Show"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Liberace_Museum.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Liberace_Museum.JPG/220px-Liberace_Museum.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Liberace_Museum.JPG/330px-Liberace_Museum.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Liberace_Museum.JPG/440px-Liberace_Museum.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1792" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>The Liberace Museum, Las Vegas, 2003</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1956, Liberace had his first international engagement, playing successfully in Havana, Cuba. He followed with a European tour later that year. Always a devout Catholic, Liberace considered his meeting with <a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_XII" title="Pope Pius XII">Pope Pius XII</a> a highlight of his life.<sup id="cite_ref-pyron-fig25_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pyron-fig25-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1960, Liberace performed at the <a href="/wiki/London_Palladium" title="London Palladium">London Palladium</a> with <a href="/wiki/Nat_King_Cole" title="Nat King Cole">Nat King Cole</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sammy_Davis_Jr." title="Sammy Davis Jr.">Sammy Davis Jr.</a> (it was the first televised "<a href="/wiki/Royal_Command_Performance" title="Royal Command Performance">command performance</a>", now known as the <i><a href="/wiki/Royal_Variety_Performance" title="Royal Variety Performance">Royal Variety Performance</a></i>, for <a href="/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Queen Elizabeth II">Queen Elizabeth II</a>). </p><p>On July 19, 1957, hours after Liberace gave a deposition in his $25 million libel suit against <i><a href="/wiki/Confidential_(magazine)" title="Confidential (magazine)">Confidential</a></i> magazine, two masked intruders attacked his mother in the garage of Liberace's home in Sherman Oaks, California. She was beaten and kicked, but her heavy corset may have protected her from being badly injured. Liberace was not informed about the assault until he finished his midnight show at the <a href="/wiki/Moulin_Rouge" title="Moulin Rouge">Moulin Rouge</a> nightclub. Guards were hired to watch over Liberace's house and the houses of his two brothers. </p><p>Despite successful European tours, his career had in fact been slumping since 1957, but Liberace re-built it by appealing directly to his fan base. Through live appearances in small-town <a href="/wiki/Supper_club" title="Supper club">supper clubs</a>, and with television and promotional appearances, he began to regain popularity. On November 22, 1963, he suffered kidney failure, reportedly from accidentally inhaling excessive amounts of <a href="/wiki/Dry_cleaning" title="Dry cleaning">dry cleaning</a> fumes from his newly cleaned costumes in a dressing room, and he nearly died. He later said that what saved him from more injury was being woken by his entourage to the news that <a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy" title="John F. Kennedy">John F. Kennedy</a> had been <a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_John_F._Kennedy" title="Assassination of John F. Kennedy">assassinated</a>. Told by doctors that his condition was fatal, he began to spend his entire fortune by buying extravagant gifts of furs, jewels, and even a house for friends, but then recovered after a month.<sup id="cite_ref-pyron250_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pyron250-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Re-energized, Liberace returned to Las Vegas, and increasing the glamor and glitz, he took on the sobriquet Mr. Showmanship.<sup id="cite_ref-LVS_2008-05-15_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LVS_2008-05-15-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As his act swelled with spectacle, he famously stated "I'm a one-man <a href="/wiki/Disneyland" title="Disneyland">Disneyland</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-pyron280_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pyron280-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The costumes became more exotic (ostrich feathers, mink, capes and huge rings), entrances and exits more elaborate (chauffeured onstage in a Rolls-Royce or dropped in on a wire like <i><a href="/wiki/Peter_Pan" title="Peter Pan">Peter Pan</a></i>), choreography more complex (involving chorus girls, cars and animals), and the novelty acts especially talented, with juvenile acts including Australian singer <a href="/wiki/Jamie_Redfern" title="Jamie Redfern">Jamie Redfern</a> and Canadian banjo player <a href="/wiki/Scotty_Plummer" title="Scotty Plummer">Scotty Plummer</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-pyron255,269_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pyron255,269-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Barbra_Streisand" title="Barbra Streisand">Barbra Streisand</a> was the most notable new adult act he introduced, appearing with him early in her career.<sup id="cite_ref-pyron270_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pyron270-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Liberace's energy and commercial ambitions took him in many directions. He owned an antiques store in Beverly Hills, California, and a restaurant in Las Vegas for many years. He even published cookbooks; the most famous of which was <i>Liberace Cooks</i>, co-authored by cookbook guru <a href="/wiki/Carol_Truax" title="Carol Truax">Carol Truax</a>, which included "Liberace Lasagna" and "Liberace Sticky Buns". The book features recipes "from his seven dining rooms" (of his Hollywood home). </p><p>Liberace's live shows during the 1970s and 1980s remained major box-office attractions at the <a href="/wiki/Las_Vegas_Hilton" class="mw-redirect" title="Las Vegas Hilton">Las Vegas Hilton</a> and Lake Tahoe, where he earned $300,000 per week. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Later_television_work">Later television work</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberace&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Later television work"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Liberace made significant appearances on other shows such as <i><a href="/wiki/The_Ed_Sullivan_Show" title="The Ed Sullivan Show">The Ed Sullivan Show</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Ford_Show,_Starring_Tennessee_Ernie_Ford" class="mw-redirect" title="The Ford Show, Starring Tennessee Ernie Ford">The Ford Show, Starring Tennessee Ernie Ford</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Edward_R._Murrow" title="Edward R. Murrow">Edward R. Murrow</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Person_to_Person" title="Person to Person">Person to Person</a></i> as well as on the shows of Jack Benny and <a href="/wiki/Red_Skelton" title="Red Skelton">Red Skelton</a>, on which he often parodied his own persona. A new <i>Liberace Show</i> premiered on ABC's daytime schedule in 1958, featuring a less flamboyant, less glamorous persona, but it failed in six months as his popularity began slumping.<sup id="cite_ref-pyron202_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pyron202-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Liberace received a star on the <a href="/wiki/Hollywood_Walk_of_Fame" title="Hollywood Walk of Fame">Hollywood Walk of Fame</a> in 1960 for his contributions to the television industry. He continued to appear on television as a frequent and welcomed guest on <i>The Tonight Show</i> with <a href="/wiki/Jack_Paar" title="Jack Paar">Jack Paar</a> in the 1960s, with memorable exchanges with <a href="/wiki/Zsa_Zsa_Gabor" title="Zsa Zsa Gabor">Zsa Zsa Gabor</a> and <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Ali" title="Muhammad Ali">Muhammad Ali</a>, and later with Johnny Carson. </p><p>He was <a href="/wiki/Red_Skelton" title="Red Skelton">Red Skelton</a>'s 1969 CBS summer replacement with his own variety hour, taped in London. Skelton and Lew Grade's production companies co-produced this program. In a cameo on <i><a href="/wiki/The_Monkees_(TV_series)" title="The Monkees (TV series)">The Monkees</a></i>, he appeared at an <a href="/wiki/Avant-garde" title="Avant-garde">avant-garde</a> art gallery as himself, gleefully smashing a grand piano with a sledgehammer as <a href="/wiki/Mike_Nesmith" class="mw-redirect" title="Mike Nesmith">Mike Nesmith</a> looked on and cringed in mock agony. </p><p>In the <i><a href="/wiki/Batman_(TV_series)" title="Batman (TV series)">Batman</a></i> television series in 1966 with <a href="/wiki/Adam_West" title="Adam West">Adam West</a> and <a href="/wiki/Burt_Ward" title="Burt Ward">Burt Ward</a>, Liberace played a dual role as concert pianist Chandell and his gangster-like twin Harry, who was extorting Chandell into a life of crime as Fingers, in the episodes "The Devil's Fingers" and "The Dead Ringers". The episodes of this two-part story were the highest-rated of all the show's episodes.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>His subsequent television appearances included episodes of <i><a href="/wiki/Here%27s_Lucy" title="Here's Lucy">Here's Lucy</a></i> (1970), <i><a href="/wiki/Kojak" title="Kojak">Kojak</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/The_Muppet_Show" title="The Muppet Show">The Muppet Show</a></i> (both 1978), all as himself. His performances in the last of these included a "Concerto for the Birds", "Misty", "Five Foot Two" and a rendition of "<a href="/wiki/Chopsticks_(music)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chopsticks (music)">Chopsticks</a>". Television specials were made from Liberace's show at the Las Vegas Hilton in 1978-1979 which were broadcast on CBS. </p><p>In the 1980s, he guest-starred on television shows such as <i><a href="/wiki/Saturday_Night_Live" title="Saturday Night Live">Saturday Night Live</a></i> (on a <a href="/wiki/Saturday_Night_Live_season_10" title="Saturday Night Live season 10">tenth-season</a> episode hosted by <a href="/wiki/Hulk_Hogan" title="Hulk Hogan">Hulk Hogan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mr._T" title="Mr. T">Mr. T</a>) as well as the 1984 film <i>Special People</i>. In 1985, he appeared at the first <i><a href="/wiki/WrestleMania_I" title="WrestleMania I">WrestleMania</a></i> as the guest timekeeper for the main event.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Films">Films</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberace&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Films"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Liberace" title="Special:EditPage/Liberace">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Liberace%22">"Liberace"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Liberace%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Liberace%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Liberace%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Liberace%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Liberace%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">April 2018</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Liberace_Allan_Warren.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Liberace_Allan_Warren.jpg/170px-Liberace_Allan_Warren.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="249" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Liberace_Allan_Warren.jpg/255px-Liberace_Allan_Warren.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Liberace_Allan_Warren.jpg/340px-Liberace_Allan_Warren.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3851" data-file-height="5646" /></a><figcaption>Liberace in 1968</figcaption></figure> <p>Before his arrival in Hollywood in 1947, Liberace wanted to add acting to his list of accomplishments. His exposure to the Hollywood crowd through his club performances led to his first movie appearance in Universal's <i><a href="/wiki/South_Sea_Sinner" title="South Sea Sinner">South Sea Sinner</a></i> (1950), a tropical island drama starring <a href="/wiki/MacDonald_Carey" class="mw-redirect" title="MacDonald Carey">MacDonald Carey</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shelley_Winters" title="Shelley Winters">Shelley Winters</a>, in which he was billed as "a <a href="/wiki/Hoagy_Carmichael" title="Hoagy Carmichael">Hoagy Carmichael</a> sort of character with long hair".<sup id="cite_ref-pyron124_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pyron124-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Liberace appeared as a guest star in two compilation features for <a href="/wiki/RKO_Radio_Pictures" class="mw-redirect" title="RKO Radio Pictures">RKO Radio Pictures</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Footlight_Varieties" title="Footlight Varieties">Footlight Varieties</a></i> (1951) is an imitation-vaudeville hour and the little-known sequel <i>Merry Mirthquakes</i> (1953) featured Liberace as master of ceremonies. </p><p>In 1955, Liberace was at the height of his career when tapped by Warner Bros. for his first starring movie <i><a href="/wiki/Sincerely_Yours_(film)" title="Sincerely Yours (film)">Sincerely Yours</a></i> (1955), a remake of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Man_Who_Played_God_(1932_film)" title="The Man Who Played God (1932 film)">The Man Who Played God</a></i> (1932), as a concert pianist who turns his efforts toward helping others when his career is cut short by deafness. In April 1955, <i><a href="/wiki/Modern_Screen" title="Modern Screen">Modern Screen</a></i> magazine claimed <a href="/wiki/Doris_Day" title="Doris Day">Doris Day</a> had been most often mentioned as Liberace's leading lady, "but it is doubtful that Doris will play the role. Liberace's name alone will pack theatres and generous Liberace would like to give a newcomer a break." (<a href="/wiki/Joanne_Dru" title="Joanne Dru">Joanne Dru</a>, an established movie actress, was the leading lady.) When <i>Sincerely Yours</i> was released in November, the studio mounted an ad and poster campaign with Liberace's name in huge, eccentric, building-block letters above and much larger than the title. "Fabulously yours in his first starring motion picture!" was a tag line. The other players and staff were smallish at the bottom. The film was a critical and commercial failure because Liberace proved unable to translate his eccentric on-stage persona to that of a movie leading man. Warner quickly issued a <a href="/wiki/Pressbook" title="Pressbook">pressbook</a> ad supplement with new "Starring" billing below the title, in equal plain letters: "Liberace, Joanne Dru, <a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Malone" title="Dorothy Malone">Dorothy Malone</a>". TCM's <a href="/wiki/Robert_Osborne" title="Robert Osborne">Robert Osborne</a> recalls a dramatic demotion: When <i>Sincerely Yours</i> played first run at the Orpheum in Seattle, the billing was altered even more: Joanne Dru, Dorothy Malone, and <a href="/wiki/Alex_Nicol" title="Alex Nicol">Alex Nicol</a> above the title (with big head shots of all three) and below the title in much smaller letters: "with Liberace at the piano". Originally, <i>Sincerely Yours</i> was meant to be the first of a two-picture movie contract, but it proved a massive box-office flop. The studio then bought back the contract, effectively paying Liberace not to make a second movie. </p><p>The experience left Liberace so shaken that he largely abandoned his movie aspirations. He made two more big-screen appearances, but only in cameo roles. These were <i><a href="/wiki/When_the_Boys_Meet_the_Girls_(film)" title="When the Boys Meet the Girls (film)">When the Boys Meet the Girls</a></i> (1965), starring <a href="/wiki/Connie_Francis" title="Connie Francis">Connie Francis</a>, where Liberace essentially played himself. He received kudos for his brief appearance as a casket salesman in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Loved_One_(film)" title="The Loved One (film)">The Loved One</a></i> (1965), based on <a href="/wiki/Evelyn_Waugh" title="Evelyn Waugh">Evelyn Waugh</a>'s satire of the funeral business and movie industry in Southern California. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Recordings">Recordings</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberace&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Recordings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The massive success of Liberace's syndicated television show was the main impetus behind his record sales. From 1947 to 1951, he recorded 10 discs. By 1954, it jumped to nearly 70.<sup id="cite_ref-pyron157_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pyron157-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He released several recordings through <a href="/wiki/Columbia_Records" title="Columbia Records">Columbia Records</a>, including <i>Liberace by Candlelight</i> (later on Dot and through direct television advertising) and sold over 400,000 albums by 1954. His most popular single was "Ave Maria", selling over 300,000 copies.<sup id="cite_ref-pyron153_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pyron153-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His theme song was "<a href="/wiki/I%27ll_Be_Seeing_You_(song)" title="I'll Be Seeing You (song)">I'll Be Seeing You</a>", which he would customarily sing rather than play on any of his various pianos. </p><p>His albums included pop standards of the time, such as "<a href="/wiki/Hello,_Dolly!_(song)" title="Hello, Dolly! (song)">Hello, Dolly!</a>" and included his interpretations of the classical piano repertoire such as Chopin and Liszt, but many fans of classical music widely criticized them (as well as Liberace's skills as a pianist in general) for being "pure fluff with minimal musicianship". In his life, he received six gold records. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Final_appearances">Final appearances</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberace&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Final appearances"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Liberace_grave.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Liberace_grave.JPG/220px-Liberace_grave.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Liberace_grave.JPG/330px-Liberace_grave.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Liberace_grave.JPG/440px-Liberace_grave.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3574" data-file-height="2554" /></a><figcaption>Liberace's tomb at Forest Lawn</figcaption></figure> <p>Liberace's final stage performance was at New York's <a href="/wiki/Radio_City_Music_Hall" title="Radio City Music Hall">Radio City Music Hall</a> on November 2, 1986;<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> it was his 18th show over a tour of 21 days (from October 16), and the concert series grossed just over $2.5 million at the theater box office.<sup id="cite_ref-NYT_obit_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT_obit-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His final television appearance was on Christmas Day that same year on <i><a href="/wiki/The_Oprah_Winfrey_Show" title="The Oprah Winfrey Show">The Oprah Winfrey Show</a></i>, which had actually been videotaped in Chicago over one month earlier.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberace&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Personal life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Liberace was <a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_the_United_States" title="Conservatism in the United States">conservative</a> in his political and religious beliefs. He believed fervently in <a href="/wiki/Capitalism" title="Capitalism">capitalism</a>, and he was fascinated with royalty, ceremony and luxury. He loved to socialize and was fascinated by the rich and famous. However, he still presented himself to his fans as one of them, a <a href="/wiki/Midwesterner" class="mw-redirect" title="Midwesterner">Midwesterner</a> who had earned his success through hard work, and who invited them to enjoy it with him.<sup id="cite_ref-pyron7_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pyron7-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the later years of his life, having earned sudden wealth, Liberace spent lavishly, displaying extravagant materialism in his life and his act. In 1953, he designed and built his first celebrity house in Sherman Oaks, California, on Valley Vista Blvd., located in the San Fernando Valley. The house featured a piano theme throughout, including a piano-shaped swimming pool that remains today. His dream home, with its lavish furnishings, elaborate bath and antiques, added to his image. He leveraged his fame through hundreds of promotional tie-ins with banks, insurance companies, automobile companies, food companies, and even morticians. Liberace was an experienced pitchman and relied on the support of his vast audience of housewives. Sponsors sent him complimentary products, including his white Cadillac limousine, and he reciprocated enthusiastically: "If I am selling tuna fish, I believe in tuna fish."<sup id="cite_ref-pyron165-167_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pyron165-167-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Liberace became bald in his middle-age years and was so insecure about his hair loss that he began wearing elaborate hairpieces and refused to let himself be seen without his toupee both in public and in private, even sleeping with them on.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Others criticized his proficient but flashy piano playing, his non-stop promotions, and his gaudy display of success. Outwardly, he remained undeterred, once sending a letter to a critic that stated "Thank you for your very amusing review. After reading it, in fact, my brother George and I laughed all the way to the bank."<sup id="cite_ref-pyron168_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pyron168-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He responded similarly to subsequent poor reviews, famously modifying it to "I cried all the way to the bank."<sup id="cite_ref-Smith2006_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Smith2006-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In an appearance on <i><a href="/wiki/The_Tonight_Show_Starring_Johnny_Carson" title="The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson">The Tonight Show</a></i> some years later, Liberace retold the anecdote to <a href="/wiki/Johnny_Carson" title="Johnny Carson">Johnny Carson</a> and finished by saying "I don't cry all the way to the bank any more—I <em>bought</em> the bank!" </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lawsuits_and_allegations_of_homosexuality">Lawsuits and allegations of homosexuality</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberace&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Lawsuits and allegations of homosexuality"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Liberace_v_Daily_Mirror" title="Liberace v Daily Mirror">Liberace v Daily Mirror</a></div> <p>Liberace's fame in the United States was matched for a time in the United Kingdom. In 1956, an article in the <i>Daily Mirror</i> by columnist Cassandra (<a href="/wiki/William_Connor" title="William Connor">William Connor</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> described Liberace as "the summit of sex—the pinnacle of masculine, feminine and neuter. Everything that he, she and it can ever want...a deadly, winking, sniggering, snuggling, chromium-plated, scent-impregnated, luminous, quivering, giggling, fruit-flavoured, mincing, ice-covered heap of mother love".<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Liberace sent a telegram that read: "What you said hurt me very much. I cried all the way to the bank."<sup id="cite_ref-Smith2006_59-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Smith2006-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He sued the newspaper for libel,<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> testifying in a London court that he was not homosexual and that he had never taken part in homosexual acts. He was represented in court by <a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Beyfus" title="Gilbert Beyfus">Gilbert Beyfus</a>, one of the great barristers of the period.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Liberace won the suit, partly on the basis of Connor's use of the derogatory expression "fruit-flavoured". The case partly hinged on whether Connor knew that "<a href="/wiki/Fruit_(slang)" title="Fruit (slang)">fruit</a>" was American slang implying that an individual is a homosexual.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After a three-week civil trial, a jury ruled in Liberace's favor on June 16, 1959, and awarded him £8,000 in damages (around $22,400 at the time and equivalent to £235,000 in 2023), which led Liberace to repeat the catchphrase to reporters: "I cried all the way to the bank!"<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Liberace's popularization of the phrase inspired the title <i>Crying All the Way to the Bank</i>, for a detailed report of the trial based on transcripts, court reports and interviews, by the former <i>Daily Mirror</i> journalist Revel Barker. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Confidential_Magazine_cover_July_1957_-_Liberace.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Confidential_Magazine_cover_July_1957_-_Liberace.jpg/220px-Confidential_Magazine_cover_July_1957_-_Liberace.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="295" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Confidential_Magazine_cover_July_1957_-_Liberace.jpg/330px-Confidential_Magazine_cover_July_1957_-_Liberace.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Confidential_Magazine_cover_July_1957_-_Liberace.jpg/440px-Confidential_Magazine_cover_July_1957_-_Liberace.jpg 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="1005" /></a><figcaption><i>Confidential</i> cover July 2, 1957, "Why Liberace's Theme Song Should Be '<a href="/wiki/Mad_About_the_Boy" title="Mad About the Boy">Mad About the Boy</a>!'"</figcaption></figure> <p>Liberace sued and settled a similar case in the United States against <i>Confidential</i>. Rumors and gossip magazines frequently implied that Liberace was homosexual throughout his career, which he continued to vehemently deny. A typical issue of <i>Confidential</i> in 1957 stated "Why Liberace's Theme Song Should Be '<a href="/wiki/Mad_About_the_Boy" title="Mad About the Boy">Mad About the Boy</a>!'"<sup id="cite_ref-pyron211_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pyron211-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1982, <a href="/wiki/Scott_Thorson" title="Scott Thorson">Scott Thorson</a>, Liberace's 22-year-old former chauffeur and alleged live-in lover of five years, sued the pianist for $113 million in <a href="/wiki/Palimony" class="mw-redirect" title="Palimony">palimony</a> after he was dismissed by Liberace.<sup id="cite_ref-news.google.com_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-news.google.com-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Liberace continued to deny that he was homosexual, and during court depositions in 1984, he insisted that Thorson was never his lover. The case was settled out of court in 1986, and Thorson received a $95,000 cash settlement plus three cars and three pet dogs worth another $20,000.<sup id="cite_ref-news.google.com_67-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-news.google.com-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thorson stated after Liberace's death that he settled because he knew that Liberace was dying and that he had intended to sue based on <a href="/wiki/Conversion_(law)" title="Conversion (law)">conversion of property</a> rather than <a href="/wiki/Palimony" class="mw-redirect" title="Palimony">palimony</a>. He later attested that Liberace was a "boring guy" in his private life and mostly preferred to spend his free time cooking, decorating, and playing with his dogs and that he never played the piano outside of his public performances. Thorson said "He (Liberace) had several decorated, ornamental pianos in the various rooms of his house, but he never played them."<sup id="cite_ref-transcripts.cnn.com_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-transcripts.cnn.com-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Because Liberace never publicly acknowledged that he was gay, knowledge of his true sexuality was muddled by stories of his friendships and romantic links with women.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He further obscured his sexuality in articles such as "Mature Women Are Best: TV's Top Pianist Reveals What Kind of Woman He'd Marry".<sup id="cite_ref-pyron210_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pyron210-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In a 2011 interview, actress and close friend <a href="/wiki/Betty_White" title="Betty White">Betty White</a> confirmed that Liberace was indeed gay and that she often was used as a "<a href="/wiki/Beard_(companion)" title="Beard (companion)">beard</a>" by his managers to counter public rumors of the musician's homosexuality.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Illness_and_death">Illness and death</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberace&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Illness and death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Liberace was secretly diagnosed <a href="/wiki/HIV_positive" class="mw-redirect" title="HIV positive">HIV positive</a> in August 1985 by his private physician in Las Vegas. Aside from his long-term manager <a href="/wiki/Seymour_Heller" title="Seymour Heller">Seymour Heller</a> and a few family members and associates, Liberace kept his terminal illness a secret until the day he died and did not seek medical treatment. Scott Thorson remarked that he was not aware that Liberace had any health issues and up until one year before his death that "he was in overall excellent shape for his age; barrel-chested and powerfully built."<sup id="cite_ref-transcripts.cnn.com_68-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-transcripts.cnn.com-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In August 1986, during one of his last interviews, with the TV news program <i><a href="/wiki/Good_Morning_America" title="Good Morning America">Good Morning America</a></i>, Liberace hinted of his failing health when he said "How can you enjoy life if you don't have your health?" He was hospitalized for pneumonia from January 23 to 27, 1987, at the Palm Springs county hospital. </p><p>Liberace died in the late morning of February 4, 1987, at his home in Palm Springs, California at age 67.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He had a Catholic priest administer the <a href="/wiki/Last_rites" title="Last rites">last rites</a> to him the day before his death.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At the time of Liberace's death, his press agent said he had died from a combination of pernicious anemia, emphysema and heart disease.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Liberace's physician, Ronald Daniels, said he had died of heart failure caused by subacute encephalopathy, a degenerative brain disease.<sup id="cite_ref-nelson_76-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nelson-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Liberace_AIDS_confirmed_77-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Liberace_AIDS_confirmed-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Riverside County coroner performed an autopsy and determined that Liberace's cause of death was cytomegalovirus pneumonia, a frequent cause of death in people with AIDS.<sup id="cite_ref-Liberace_AIDS_confirmed_77-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Liberace_AIDS_confirmed-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nytimes.com_78-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nytimes.com-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The coroner also determined that, at the time of his death, Liberace was HIV-positive, had pulmonary heart disease, and calcification of a heart valve.<sup id="cite_ref-nelson_76-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nelson-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The coroner said that Liberace's doctor had deliberately claimed a false cause of death because heart failure never is caused by encephalopathy.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Author Darden Asbury Pyron wrote that Liberace had been HIV-positive and symptomatic from 1985 until his death.<sup id="cite_ref-Pyron369_80-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pyron369-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Cary James Wyman, his personal assistant and alleged lover of seven years, had HIV and later died in May 1995 at age 34.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Liberace's body is entombed along with his mother and brother at <a href="/wiki/Forest_Lawn,_Hollywood_Hills_Cemetery" class="mw-redirect" title="Forest Lawn, Hollywood Hills Cemetery">Forest Lawn, Hollywood Hills Cemetery</a> in Los Angeles.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1994, the <a href="/wiki/Palm_Springs_Walk_of_Stars" title="Palm Springs Walk of Stars">Palm Springs Walk of Stars</a> dedicated a Golden Palm Star to him.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Awards">Awards</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberace&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Awards"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Liberace was recognized during his career with two <a href="/wiki/Emmy_Awards" title="Emmy Awards">Emmy Awards</a>, six gold albums, and two stars on the <a href="/wiki/Hollywood_Walk_of_Fame" title="Hollywood Walk of Fame">Hollywood Walk of Fame</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Closure_of_Liberace_Museum_and_Tivoli_Gardens_Restaurant">Closure of Liberace Museum and Tivoli Gardens Restaurant</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberace&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Closure of Liberace Museum and Tivoli Gardens Restaurant"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In October 2010, the <a href="/wiki/Liberace_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberace Museum">Liberace Museum</a> in Las Vegas closed after 31 years of being open to the public. In June 2011, Liberace's Tivoli Gardens Restaurant, then operated by <a href="/wiki/Carluccio%27s" title="Carluccio's">Carluccio's</a>, closed its location next to the museum and relocated elsewhere.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Liberace Foundation President Jack Rappaport, the museum had been in negotiations with money interests on the Las Vegas strip to relocate the museum but were unsuccessful. The Liberace Foundation, which provides college scholarships to up-and-coming performers, continued to function.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In January 2013, the Liberace Foundation announced plans to move the museum to downtown Las Vegas, with a targeted opening date of 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2014, however, Liberace Foundation chairman Jonathan Warren announced that the deal for the new museum had failed.<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of April 7, 2016, Liberace's cars are on display, as well as a piano and several costumes, at the <a href="/wiki/Liberace_Museum_Collection" title="Liberace Museum Collection">Liberace Garage</a>, located in Las Vegas.<sup id="cite_ref-VegasSevenLibGarage_90-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VegasSevenLibGarage-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Depiction_in_media">Depiction in media</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberace&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Depiction in media"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Liberace" title="Special:EditPage/Liberace">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">January 2020</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li>The 1952 <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Academy Award">Academy Award</a>-winning <a href="/wiki/MGM" class="mw-redirect" title="MGM">MGM</a> <a href="/wiki/Tom_and_Jerry" title="Tom and Jerry">Tom and Jerry</a> cartoon <i><a href="/wiki/Johann_Mouse" title="Johann Mouse">Johann Mouse</a></i> has Tom channelling Liberace in the final scenes at the Imperial Palace, including a giant candelabra and a smiling direct take into the camera, breaking the <a href="/wiki/Fourth_wall" title="Fourth wall">fourth wall</a>.</li> <li>The 1955 <a href="/wiki/Warner_Bros." title="Warner Bros.">Warner Bros.</a> cartoon <i><a href="/wiki/Hyde_and_Hare" title="Hyde and Hare">Hyde and Hare</a></i> has <a href="/wiki/Bugs_Bunny" title="Bugs Bunny">Bugs Bunny</a> playing piano as a Liberace-like character and, saying, "I wish my brother George was here."</li> <li>In the 1957 Warner Bros. cartoon <i><a href="/wiki/Three_Little_Bops" title="Three Little Bops">Three Little Bops</a></i>, the piano-playing pig imitates Liberace, saying, "I wish my brother George was here."</li> <li>Also in 1957, <a href="/wiki/Billy_Barty" title="Billy Barty">Billy Barty</a> parodied Liberace on an episode of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Spike_Jones_Show" title="The Spike Jones Show">The Spike Jones Show</a></i> by playing "I'm in the Mood for Love" on a miniature piano bedecked with tiny <a href="/wiki/Candelabra" title="Candelabra">candelabra</a> that spouted milk.</li> <li>In 1981, Canadian sketch comedy series <i><a href="/wiki/Second_City_Television" title="Second City Television">SCTV</a></i> aired two skits with <a href="/wiki/Dave_Thomas_(actor)" title="Dave Thomas (actor)">Dave Thomas</a> playing Liberace. In the first, Liberace was a guest on <i><a href="/wiki/The_Merv_Griffin_Show" title="The Merv Griffin Show">The Merv Griffin Show</a></i>. In the second, a Christmas episode, Liberace performs "Good King Wenceslas".</li> <li>On October 2, 1988, a television film titled <i>Liberace</i> aired on ABC, starring <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Robinson_(actor)" title="Andrew Robinson (actor)">Andrew Robinson</a> as Liberace, <a href="/wiki/Rue_McClanahan" title="Rue McClanahan">Rue McClanahan</a> as his mother Frances Liberace, <a href="/wiki/John_Rubinstein" title="John Rubinstein">John Rubinstein</a> and <a href="/wiki/Maris_Valainis" title="Maris Valainis">Maris Valainis</a> as Scott Thorson; the film had the distinct advantage of using Liberace's musical arrangements and recordings, and some of his costumes and jewelry, but it was evasive about his sexuality.</li> <li>On October 9, 1988, <i><a href="/wiki/Liberace:_Behind_the_Music" title="Liberace: Behind the Music">Liberace: Behind the Music</a></i>, was aired on CBS.<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Victor_Garber" title="Victor Garber">Victor Garber</a> played Liberace, and <a href="/wiki/Saul_Rubinek" title="Saul Rubinek">Saul Rubinek</a> played <a href="/wiki/Seymour_Heller" title="Seymour Heller">Seymour Heller</a>, his manager (and a major consultant to the film). <a href="/wiki/Maureen_Stapleton" title="Maureen Stapleton">Maureen Stapleton</a> played his mother Frances and <a href="/wiki/Michael_Dolan" title="Michael Dolan">Michael Dolan</a> appeared as Scott Thorson. This film used some of Liberace's stage furnishings, and it was candid about his homosexuality.</li> <li>In <i><a href="/wiki/The_Ren_%26_Stimpy_Show" title="The Ren & Stimpy Show">The Ren & Stimpy Show</a></i> episode "Sammy and Me" from 1996, Liberace is parodied in the form of a piano-playing cockroach named Liberoache. He is seen playing piano for Sammy Mantis Jr. (a parody of <a href="/wiki/Sammy_Davis_Jr." title="Sammy Davis Jr.">Sammy Davis Jr.</a>) who sings his trademark song "<a href="/wiki/The_Candy_Man" title="The Candy Man">The Mantid Man</a>". After they're finished, Liberoache reveals his desire for Sammy Mantis to bite his head off (possibly a reference to Liberace's homosexuality), to which Sammy obliges after peer pressure from fans.</li> <li><i>Liberace: Live from Heaven</i>, a play imagining the entertainer's heavenly "trial" following death, began on stage in early 2010. The show featured the voices of <a href="/wiki/Bobby_Crush" title="Bobby Crush">Bobby Crush</a> as Liberace, <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Fry" title="Stephen Fry">Stephen Fry</a> as <a href="/wiki/Saint_Peter" title="Saint Peter">Saint Peter</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Victoria_Wood" title="Victoria Wood">Victoria Wood</a> as God.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Behind_the_Candelabra" title="Behind the Candelabra">Behind the Candelabra</a></i>, a film adaptation of Scott Thorson's autobiography, debuted on HBO in May 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-USATodayLiberace_93-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USATodayLiberace-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Michael_Douglas" title="Michael Douglas">Michael Douglas</a> stars as Liberace, with <a href="/wiki/Matt_Damon" title="Matt Damon">Matt Damon</a> playing Thorson, in a story centered on the relationship the two shared and its aftermath. His mother Frances was played by <a href="/wiki/Debbie_Reynolds" title="Debbie Reynolds">Debbie Reynolds</a>, who knew Liberace as a friend during his lifetime.</li> <li>Also in 2013, <a href="/wiki/Bill_Murray" title="Bill Murray">Bill Murray</a> appeared dressed as Liberace for the 20th anniversary of <i><a href="/wiki/Late_Show_with_David_Letterman" title="Late Show with David Letterman">The Late Show with David Letterman.</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Jim_Gaffigan_Show" title="The Jim Gaffigan Show">The Jim Gaffigan Show</a></i>, in 2016, licensed the likeness of Liberace as well as the use of a costume made for the HBO film <i>Behind the Candelabra</i>, from the Liberace Foundation, for an episode of the series which featured <a href="/wiki/Michael_Ian_Black" title="Michael Ian Black">Michael Ian Black</a> as Liberace.<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mozart_in_the_Jungle" title="Mozart in the Jungle">Mozart in the Jungle</a></i>, an Amazon series, licensed the likeness of Liberace as well as the use of a costume made for the HBO film <i>Behind the Candelabra</i> for appearances of Liberace in two episodes of season 4 of the show in 2018, according to Liberace Foundation chairman Jonathan Warren.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Family_Guy:_The_Quest_for_Stuff" title="Family Guy: The Quest for Stuff">Family Guy: The Quest for Stuff</a></i>, an app-based video game from Tinyco which is produced in cooperation with the writers of <i><a href="/wiki/Family_Guy" title="Family Guy">Family Guy</a></i> licensed the likeness and voice of Liberace from the Liberace Foundation for his appearance as a game character in 2017, according to Liberace Foundation chairman Jonathan Warren.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_Armisen" title="Fred Armisen">Fred Armisen</a> has portrayed Liberace in several <i><a href="/wiki/Saturday_Night_Live" title="Saturday Night Live">Saturday Night Live</a></i> sketches, most notably in "<a href="/wiki/Vincent_Price" title="Vincent Price">Vincent Price</a>'s Holiday Special" sketches.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Blade_Runner_2049" title="Blade Runner 2049">Blade Runner 2049</a></i>, the 2017 sequel to the 1982 cult classic <i><a href="/wiki/Blade_Runner" title="Blade Runner">Blade Runner</a></i> (both produced by <a href="/wiki/Ridley_Scott" title="Ridley Scott">Ridley Scott</a>), licensed the likeness and music of Liberace for an appearance in the film which takes place in a dystopian Las Vegas, alongside fellow icons <a href="/wiki/Elvis_Presley" title="Elvis Presley">Elvis Presley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frank_Sinatra" title="Frank Sinatra">Frank Sinatra</a> and <a href="/wiki/Marilyn_Monroe" title="Marilyn Monroe">Marilyn Monroe</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-binary" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-binary">Non-binary</a> artist <a href="/wiki/Dorian_Electra" title="Dorian Electra">Dorian Electra</a> plays a personal interpretation of Liberace in the music video "Flamboyant" (2019).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberace&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:LIBERACE_O_(14646033817).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/LIBERACE_O_%2814646033817%29.jpg/220px-LIBERACE_O_%2814646033817%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="126" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/LIBERACE_O_%2814646033817%29.jpg/330px-LIBERACE_O_%2814646033817%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/LIBERACE_O_%2814646033817%29.jpg/440px-LIBERACE_O_%2814646033817%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2575" data-file-height="1480" /></a><figcaption>A Liberace pop-up exhibition at the Cosmopolitan Las Vegas</figcaption></figure> <p>At the time of his death Liberace was said to be worth around $110 million and to have bequeathed $88 million to the Liberace Foundation.<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The story was perpetuated by the officers of the Liberace Foundation often and as late as 2013. Only in 2015 did Liberace Foundation chairman Jonathan Warren reveal in a lecture at the <a href="/wiki/Mob_Museum" title="Mob Museum">Mob Museum</a> in Las Vegas that these figures were all part of the showmanship of Liberace, and that the real figures were closer to one tenth of those amounts.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The Liberace Foundation saw the sunset of its in-house endowment fund in 2011. University endowment funds provided by it continue to offer scholarships annually. The original Liberace museum closed its doors in 2010, citing the recession and an outdated, outmoded facility. </p><p>In November 2013, a dozen of Liberace's famous costumes, together with one of his stage cars and a piano went on display for a six-week period at the Cosmopolitan Las Vegas in an exhibition titled "Too Much of a Good Thing Is Wonderful", Liberace's unofficial motto, and an often-used one-liner from his act. The exhibition was extended by seven months.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Publications">Publications</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberace&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Publications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Autobiographies">Autobiographies</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberace&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Autobiographies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Liberace: An Autobiography</i>, by Liberace. Putnam and Co. Ltd, New York, 1973 <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0399112294" title="Special:BookSources/978-0399112294">978-0399112294</a> (hardcover)</li> <li><i>The Things I Love</i>, by Liberace with Tony Palmer (editor). Grosset & Dunlap, New York, 1976 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0448127187" title="Special:BookSources/978-0448127187">978-0448127187</a> (hardcover)</li> <li><i>The Wonderful Private World of Liberace</i>, by Liberace and Michael Segell. Harper and Row, New York, 1986 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0060154813" title="Special:BookSources/978-0060154813">978-0060154813</a> (hardcover)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Biographies">Biographies</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberace&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Biographies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Crying All the Way to the Bank</i> by Revel Barker (Famous Trials) 2009 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0955823879" title="Special:BookSources/978-0955823879">978-0955823879</a></li> <li><i>The Liberace Story</i> by Chester Whitehorn (editor), Screen Publications Inc, New York, 1955 (softcover – No. 4 in the Candid Profile series)</li> <li><i>Liberace: On Stage and Off</i> by Anthony Monahan, GRT Music Productions, Sunnyvale California, 1976 (hardcover)</li> <li><i>Liberace: The True Story</i> by Bob Thomas, St. Martin's Press, New York, 1987 (hardcover)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Behind_the_Candelabra:_My_Life_with_Liberace" title="Behind the Candelabra: My Life with Liberace">Behind the Candelabra: My Life with Liberace</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Scott_Thorson" title="Scott Thorson">Scott Thorson</a> with Alex Thorleifson, E.P. Dutton, New York, 1988 (hardcover)</li> <li><i>Liberace: A Bio-Bibliography</i> by Jocelyn Faris, Greenwood Press, Westport Connecticut, 1995</li> <li><i>Liberace: An American Boy</i> by Darden Asbury Pyron, University of Chicago Press, 2000, (hardcover) Read an excerpt.</li> <li><i>Liberace (Lives of Notable Gay Men and Lesbians)</i> by <a href="/wiki/Ray_Mungo" title="Ray Mungo">Ray Mungo</a> and Martin B. Duberman, <a href="/wiki/Chelsea_House_Publications" class="mw-redirect" title="Chelsea House Publications">Chelsea House Publications</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cooking">Cooking</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberace&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Cooking"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Liberace Cooks</i> by Carol Truax, Doubleday, New York, 1970 (hardcover)</li> <li><i>Cookbook of the Stars</i>, Motion Picture Mothers, Hollywood, 1970</li> <li><i>Joy of Liberace: Retro Recipes from America's Kitchiest Kitchen</i> by Michael Feder and Karan Feder, Angel City Press, 2007 (hardcover)</li> <li><i>Delicious Recipes from Liberace's #1 Cook</i> by Gladys Luckie</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Compilations">Compilations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberace&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Compilations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>The First Time: 28 Celebrities Tell About Their First Sexual Experiences</i> by Karl Fleming and Anne Taylor Fleming, Berkley Medallion, 1976 (paperback)</li> <li><i>Liberace Christmas Music: A Guide to Cassettes, Compact Discs, Music Scores, Piano Rolls, and Sound Recordings</i> by Karl B. Johnson, John Carlson Press</li> <li><i>The Liberace Collection</i>, auction catalogue, jointly produced by Butterfield & Butterfield and Christie's, Los Angeles Convention Centre, 1988</li> <li><i>Liberace: Your Personal Fashion Consultant</i> by Michael Feder and Karan Feder, Abrams Image, 2007 (paperback)</li> <li>"Liberace Extravaganza!" by costume designers Connie Furr Soloman and Jan Jewett, HarperCollins, 2013 (hardcover)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberace&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">English pronunciation: <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'v' in 'vie'">v</span><span title="'w' in 'wind'">w</span><span title="/ɑː/: 'a' in 'father'">ɑː</span><span title="/dʒ/: 'j' in 'jam'">dʒ</span><span title="/uː/: 'oo' in 'goose'">uː</span></span><span class="wrap"> </span><span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˌ/: secondary stress follows">ˌ</span><span title="'v' in 'vie'">v</span><span title="/æ/: 'a' in 'bad'">æ</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span><span title="/iː/: 'ee' in 'fleece'">iː</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="/oʊ/: 'o' in 'code'">oʊ</span></span><span class="wrap"> </span><span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˌ/: secondary stress follows">ˌ</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="'b' in 'buy'">b</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'r' in 'rye'">r</span><span title="/ɑː/: 'a' in 'father'">ɑː</span><span title="/tʃ/: 'ch' in 'China'">tʃ</span><span title="/i/: 'y' in 'happy'">i</span></span>/</a></span></span>, <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">VWAH</span>-joo <span style="font-size:90%">VAL</span>-ən-<span style="font-size:90%">TEE</span>-noh <span style="font-size:90%">LIB</span>-ə-<span style="font-size:90%">RAH</span>-chee</i></a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Polish:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="pl-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Polish" title="Help:IPA/Polish">[ˈvwadʑu]</a></span>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Italian:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="it-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Italian" title="Help:IPA/Italian">[valenˈtiːno<span class="wrap"> </span>libeˈraːtʃe]</a></span>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberace&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation interview cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211030/dDPI87l_Q5M">"Liberace interview"</a>. <i>Good Afternoon</i> (Interview). Interviewed by Mavis Nicholson. Thames Television (via YouTube). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dDPI87l_Q5M">the original</a> on October 30, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 25,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Good+Afternoon&rft.atitle=Liberace+interview&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DdDPI87l_Q5M&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiberace" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>88 notes pour piano solo</i>, <a href="/wiki/Jean-Pierre_Thiollet" title="Jean-Pierre Thiollet">Jean-Pierre Thiollet</a>, Neva Editions, 2015, p. 163. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-3505-5192-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-3505-5192-0">978-2-3505-5192-0</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Barker, 2009, p. 367.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Barker,_2009,_p._12-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Barker,_2009,_p._12_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Barker, 2009, p. 12.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ancestry-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ancestry_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ancestry_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ancestry_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wargs.com/other/liberace.html">"Ancestry of Liberace"</a>. <i>wargs.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230120232500/http://www.wargs.com/other/liberace.html">Archived</a> from the original on January 20, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 5,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=wargs.com&rft.atitle=Ancestry+of+Liberace&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wargs.com%2Fother%2Fliberace.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiberace" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKing2013" class="citation news cs1">King, Susan (May 24, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.baltimoresun.com/la-et-mn-behind-the-candelabra-liberace-facts-20130524-story.html">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Behind the Candelabra': Fun facts about the legendary Liberace"</a>. <i>The Baltimore Sun</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 7,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Baltimore+Sun&rft.atitle=%27Behind+the+Candelabra%27%3A+Fun+facts+about+the+legendary+Liberace&rft.date=2013-05-24&rft.aulast=King&rft.aufirst=Susan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.baltimoresun.com%2Fla-et-mn-behind-the-candelabra-liberace-facts-20130524-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiberace" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Obituaries_1997_p._5-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Obituaries_1997_p._5_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Obituaries_1997_p._5_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">The Daily Telegraph Third Book of Obituaries: Entertainers, ed. Hugh Massingberd, Pan Books, 1998 (Macmillan, 1997), p. 5</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pyron12-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pyron12_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pyron, 2000, p. 12.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pyron17-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pyron17_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pyron, 2000, p. 17.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pyron42-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pyron42_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pyron, 2000, p. 42.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pyron35-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pyron35_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pyron, 2000, p. 35.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pyron63-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-pyron63_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pyron63_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Pyron, 2000, p. 63.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pyron57-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pyron57_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pyron, 2000, p. 57.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pyron46-54-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pyron46-54_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pyron, 2000, pp. 46–54.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pyron66-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pyron66_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pyron, 2000, p. 66.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">James Gilbert Ryan, Leonard C Schlup, <i>Historical Dictionary of the 1940s</i> (2015), p. 227.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pyron77-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pyron77_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pyron, 2000, p. 77.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pyron90-94-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-pyron90-94_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pyron90-94_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Pyron, 2000, pp. 90–94.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKart,_Larry1987" class="citation news cs1">Kart, Larry (February 5, 1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chicagotribune.com/1987/02/05/liberace-67-pianist-turned-one-man-musical-circus/">"Liberace, 67, Pianist Turned One-man Musical Circus'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>Chicago Tribune</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140107102102/http://articles.chicagotribune.com/1987-02-05/news/8701090850_1_wladziu-valentino-liberace-pianist-circus">Archived</a> from the original on January 7, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 7,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chicago+Tribune&rft.atitle=Liberace%2C+67%2C+Pianist+Turned+One-man+Musical+Circus%27&rft.date=1987-02-05&rft.au=Kart%2C+Larry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.chicagotribune.com%2F1987%2F02%2F05%2Fliberace-67-pianist-turned-one-man-musical-circus%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiberace" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pyron96-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pyron96_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pyron, 2000, p. 96.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pyron79-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pyron79_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pyron, 2000, p. 79.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBradner" class="citation magazine cs1">Bradner, Liesl. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://newrepublic.com/article/122797/how-black-man-missouri-transformed-indian-liberace">"How a Black Man From Missouri Transformed Himself Into the Indian Liberace"</a>. <i>New Republic</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151021235350/http://www.newrepublic.com/article/122797/how-black-man-missouri-transformed-indian-liberace">Archived</a> from the original on October 21, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 28,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+Republic&rft.atitle=How+a+Black+Man+From+Missouri+Transformed+Himself+Into+the+Indian+Liberace&rft.aulast=Bradner&rft.aufirst=Liesl&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnewrepublic.com%2Farticle%2F122797%2Fhow-black-man-missouri-transformed-indian-liberace&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiberace" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pyron115-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pyron115_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pyron, 2000, p. 115.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pyron139-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pyron139_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pyron, 2000, p. 139.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pyron161-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-pyron161_26-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pyron161_26-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Pyron, 2000, p. 161.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pyron162-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-pyron162_27-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pyron162_27-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Pyron, 2000, p. 162.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation audio-visual cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211030/DAnrzg2aI3U"><i>You Bet Your Life #55-24 Liberace; Groucho sings "I Love a Piano" (Secret word 'House', Mar 8, 1956)</i></a>. November 6, 2013. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DAnrzg2aI3U&index=31&list=PLHaioNpr_GDbvsTj_taM-jO6C1658N1PC">the original</a> on October 30, 2021 – via YouTube.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=You+Bet+Your+Life+%2355-24+Liberace%3B+Groucho+sings+%22I+Love+a+Piano%22+%28Secret+word+%27House%27%2C+Mar+8%2C+1956%29&rft.date=2013-11-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DDAnrzg2aI3U%26index%3D31%26list%3DPLHaioNpr_GDbvsTj_taM-jO6C1658N1PC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiberace" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pyron180-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pyron180_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pyron, 2000, p. 180.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pyron272-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pyron272_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pyron, 2000, p. 272.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pyron281-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pyron281_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pyron, 2000, p. 281.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pyron292-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pyron292_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pyron, 2000, p. 292.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pyron278-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pyron278_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pyron, 2000, p. 278.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pyron132-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pyron132_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pyron, 2000, p. 132.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pyron141-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pyron141_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pyron, 2000, p. 141.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pyron145-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pyron145_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pyron, 2000, p. 145.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pyron154-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pyron154_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pyron, 2000, p. 154.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pyron156-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pyron156_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pyron, 2000, p. 156.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pyron175-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pyron175_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pyron, 2000, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/liberaceamerican00pyro/page/175">p. 175.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pyron-fig25-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pyron-fig25_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pyron, 2000, figure 25</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pyron250-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pyron250_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pyron, 2000, p. 250.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LVS_2008-05-15-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-LVS_2008-05-15_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKochManningToplikar2008" class="citation news cs1">Koch, Ed; Manning, Mary; Toplikar, Dave (May 15, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://m.lasvegassun.com/news/2008/may/15/evolution-worlds-entertainment-capital/">"Showtime: How Sin City evolved into 'The Entertainment Capital of the World'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>Las Vegas Sun</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190306043145/https://m.lasvegassun.com/news/2008/may/15/evolution-worlds-entertainment-capital/">Archived</a> from the original on March 6, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 3,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Las+Vegas+Sun&rft.atitle=Showtime%3A+How+Sin+City+evolved+into+%27The+Entertainment+Capital+of+the+World%27&rft.date=2008-05-15&rft.aulast=Koch&rft.aufirst=Ed&rft.au=Manning%2C+Mary&rft.au=Toplikar%2C+Dave&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fm.lasvegassun.com%2Fnews%2F2008%2Fmay%2F15%2Fevolution-worlds-entertainment-capital%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiberace" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pyron280-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pyron280_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pyron, 2000, p. 280.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pyron255,269-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pyron255,269_44-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pyron, 2000, pp. 255, 269.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pyron270-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pyron270_45-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pyron, 2000, p. 270.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pyron202-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pyron202_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pyron, 2000, p. 202.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEisner1987" class="citation book cs1">Eisner, Joel (1987). <i>The Official Batman Batbook</i>. London: Titan Books. pp. 78–79. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-907610-97-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-907610-97-8"><bdi>0-907610-97-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Official+Batman+Batbook&rft.place=London&rft.pages=78-79&rft.pub=Titan+Books&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=0-907610-97-8&rft.aulast=Eisner&rft.aufirst=Joel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiberace" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wwe.com/shows/wrestlemania/1/celebrities">"WrestleMania I: Celebrities"</a>. wwe.com. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 9,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=WrestleMania+I%3A+Celebrities&rft.pub=wwe.com&rft.date=1985-03-31&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wwe.com%2Fshows%2Fwrestlemania%2F1%2Fcelebrities&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiberace" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pyron124-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pyron124_49-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pyron, 2000, p. 124.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pyron157-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pyron157_50-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pyron, 2000, p. 157.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pyron153-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pyron153_51-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pyron, 2000, p. 153.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100914130633/http://www.liberace.org/Live-Appearances.htm">"Live Appearances"</a>. Liberace Foundation and Museum. 2009. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.liberace.org/Live-Appearances.htm">the original</a> on September 14, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 18,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Live+Appearances&rft.pub=Liberace+Foundation+and+Museum&rft.date=2009&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.liberace.org%2FLive-Appearances.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiberace" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYT_obit-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NYT_obit_53-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarron1987" class="citation news cs1">Barron, James (February 5, 1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1987/02/05/obituaries/liberace-flamboyant-pianist-is-dead.html?pagewanted=all&src=pm">"Liberace, Flamboyant Pianist, Is Dead"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Liberace%2C+Flamboyant+Pianist%2C+Is+Dead&rft.date=1987-02-05&rft.aulast=Barron&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1987%2F02%2F05%2Fobituaries%2Fliberace-flamboyant-pianist-is-dead.html%3Fpagewanted%3Dall%26src%3Dpm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiberace" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pyron, 2000, p. 401.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pyron7-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pyron7_55-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pyron, 2000, p. 7.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pyron165-167-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pyron165-167_56-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pyron, 2000, pp. 165–67.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKron2013" class="citation web cs1">Kron, Joan (May 9, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.allure.com/story/the-real-story-liberaces-plastic-surgery">"The Real Story of Liberace's Plastic Surgery"</a>. <i>Allure</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230908092628/https://www.allure.com/story/the-real-story-liberaces-plastic-surgery">Archived</a> from the original on September 8, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 8,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Allure&rft.atitle=The+Real+Story+of+Liberace%27s+Plastic+Surgery&rft.date=2013-05-09&rft.aulast=Kron&rft.aufirst=Joan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.allure.com%2Fstory%2Fthe-real-story-liberaces-plastic-surgery&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiberace" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pyron168-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pyron168_58-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pyron, 2000, p. 168. "Thank you for your very amusing review. After reading it, in fact, my brother George and I laughed all the way to the bank."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Smith2006-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Smith2006_59-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Smith2006_59-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith2006" class="citation book cs1">Smith, Chrysti M. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=d3bov9J_1w0C&pg=PA84"><i>Verbivore's Feast: Second Course: More Word & Phrase Origins</i></a>. Farcountry Press. p. 84. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1560374046" title="Special:BookSources/978-1560374046"><bdi>978-1560374046</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 25,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Verbivore%27s+Feast%3A+Second+Course%3A+More+Word+%26+Phrase+Origins&rft.pages=84&rft.pub=Farcountry+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-1560374046&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Chrysti+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dd3bov9J_1w0C%26pg%3DPA84&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiberace" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ukpressonline.co.uk/ukpressonline/getDocument?fileName=DMir_1956_09_26_006&fileType=PDF">Yearn-Strength Five</a>", <i>Daily Mirror</i>, London, September 26, 1956, p. 6.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CS268786892" class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110716080420/http://archive.timesonline.co.uk/tol/keywordsearch.arc?queryKeywords=High+Court+Of+Justice">"High Court Of Justice; Queen's Bench Division, "I Don't Care What My Readers Think", Liberace V. Daily Mirror Newspapers Ltd"</a>. <i>The Times</i>. London. June 12, 1959. p. 16. Archived from <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.timesonline.co.uk/tol/keywordsearch.arc?queryKeywords=High+Court+Of+Justice">the original</a></span> on July 16, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 19,</span> 2009</span>. <q>They all say that this deadly, winking, sniggering, snuggling, chromium-plated, scent-impregnated, luminous, quivering, giggling, fruit-flavoured, mincing, ice-covered heap of mother love has had the biggest reception and impact on London since Charlie Chaplin arrived at the same station, Waterloo, on September 12, 1921.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times&rft.atitle=High+Court+Of+Justice%3B+Queen%27s+Bench+Division%2C+%22I+Don%27t+Care+What+My+Readers+Think%22%2C+Liberace+V.+Daily+Mirror+Newspapers+Ltd&rft.pages=16&rft.date=1959-06-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.timesonline.co.uk%2Ftol%2Fkeywordsearch.arc%3FqueryKeywords%3DHigh%2BCourt%2BOf%2BJustice&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiberace" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Barker, 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/11147605/">"Liberace Battles Writer's "Smears"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>The News-Palladium</i>. Benton Harbor, Michigan. June 8, 1959<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 21,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+News-Palladium&rft.atitle=Liberace+Battles+Writer%27s+%22Smears%22&rft.date=1959-06-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fclip%2F11147605%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiberace" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hodgkinson, Liz (May 25, 2009) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/media/2009/may/25/media-industry-news">"Dispatches: Publishing: Libel show stopper"</a>, <i>The Guardian</i>, Manchester</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.worldwidewords.org/qa/qa-cry1.htm">"Cry all the way to the bank"</a>. World Wide Words<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 25,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cry+all+the+way+to+the+bank&rft.pub=World+Wide+Words&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldwidewords.org%2Fqa%2Fqa-cry1.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiberace" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pyron211-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pyron211_66-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pyron, 2000, p. 211.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-news.google.com-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-news.google.com_67-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-news.google.com_67-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=lPgjAAAAIBAJ&sjid=L2MEAAAAIBAJ&pg=7055,2894925&dq=liberace+denied+homosexual&hl=en">Liberace had last laugh on critics by 'crying all the way to the bank'</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240902140621/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=lPgjAAAAIBAJ&sjid=L2MEAAAAIBAJ&pg=7055,2894925&dq=liberace+denied+homosexual&hl=en">Archived</a> September 2, 2024, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <i>The Pittsburgh Press</i>, February 5, 1987</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-transcripts.cnn.com-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-transcripts.cnn.com_68-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-transcripts.cnn.com_68-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0208/12/lkl.00.html">CNN LARRY KING LIVE: Interview With Scott Thorson</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180114181858/http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0208/12/lkl.00.html">Archived</a> January 14, 2018, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> CNN, August 12, 2002</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKelly2013" class="citation news cs1">Kelly, Jon (April 16, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-22099082">"What Liberace reveals about the march of gay rights"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240902140700/https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-22099082">Archived</a> from the original on September 2, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 20,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=What+Liberace+reveals+about+the+march+of+gay+rights&rft.date=2013-04-16&rft.aulast=Kelly&rft.aufirst=Jon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fmagazine-22099082&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiberace" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pyron210-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pyron210_70-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pyron, 2000, p. 210.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation episode cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211030/i-wTJ2hQCK8">"Betty White Interview"</a>. <i>The Joy Behar Show</i>. May 3, 2011. HLN. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i-wTJ2hQCK8">the original</a> on October 30, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 17,</span> 2018</span> – via YouTube.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Joy+Behar+Show&rft.date=2011-05-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3Di-wTJ2hQCK8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiberace" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNelson1987" class="citation news cs1">Nelson, Harry (February 10, 1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1987-02-10-me-2349-story.html">"Liberace Died Of Pneumonia Caused by AIDS"</a>. <i>Los Angeles Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240902140628/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1987-02-10-me-2349-story.html">Archived</a> from the original on September 2, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 6,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Liberace+Died+Of+Pneumonia+Caused+by+AIDS&rft.date=1987-02-10&rft.aulast=Nelson&rft.aufirst=Harry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Farchives%2Fla-xpm-1987-02-10-me-2349-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiberace" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/image/860930261/">'Mr Showman' Liberace Dies</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230119043638/https://www.newspapers.com/image/860930261/">Archived</a> January 19, 2023, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>". <i>Herald Express</i>. February 5, 1987. p. 1.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mattern, Hal (February 5, 1987). "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/image/120922121/">Final curtain for Phoenix favorite</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240902140626/https://www.newspapers.com/image/120922121/">Archived</a> September 2, 2024, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>". <i>The Arizona Republic</i>. p. <i>ESPN F1</i>, F2.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/image/804923945/">Liberace dies, 67</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230119043637/https://www.newspapers.com/image/804923945/">Archived</a> January 19, 2023, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>". <i>Burton Mail</i>. February 5, 1987. p. 2.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nelson-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nelson_76-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nelson_76-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Nelson, Harry (February 10, 1987). "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/image/403150767/">Liberace Died of Pneumonia Caused by AIDS, Coroner in Riverside Says</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230119043637/https://www.newspapers.com/image/403150767/">Archived</a> January 19, 2023, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>". <i>Los Angeles Times</i>. P. II/1.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Liberace_AIDS_confirmed-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Liberace_AIDS_confirmed_77-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Liberace_AIDS_confirmed_77-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=mfgjAAAAIBAJ&sjid=L2MEAAAAIBAJ&pg=7016,5894101&dq=liberace+denied+homosexual&hl=en">Liberace AIDS confirmed</a>". <i>The Pittsburgh Press</i>. February 10, 1987.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nytimes.com-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-nytimes.com_78-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1987/02/10/us/coroner-cites-aids-in-liberace-death.html">Coroner Cites AIDS in Liberace Death</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161026235051/http://www.nytimes.com/1987/02/10/us/coroner-cites-aids-in-liberace-death.html">Archived</a> October 26, 2016, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>, February 10, 1987</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/image/112443661/">AIDS ruled cause of Liberace's death</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240902140653/https://www.newspapers.com/image/112443661/">Archived</a> September 2, 2024, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>". Associated Press. The Tennessean. p. 6.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pyron369-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Pyron369_80-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pyron, 2000, p. 369. "Although he was both HIV positive and symptomatic when he signed the publishing contract with Harper and Row in 1985..."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPetrucelli2009" class="citation book cs1">Petrucelli, Alan (September 29, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=r7csXXH7S9UC&q=lee+liberace+forest+lawn+memorial+park&pg=PT153"><i>Morbid Curiosity: The Disturbing Demises of the Famous and Infamous</i></a>. Penguin. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1101140499" title="Special:BookSources/978-1101140499"><bdi>978-1101140499</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 9,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Morbid+Curiosity%3A+The+Disturbing+Demises+of+the+Famous+and+Infamous&rft.pub=Penguin&rft.date=2009-09-29&rft.isbn=978-1101140499&rft.aulast=Petrucelli&rft.aufirst=Alan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dr7csXXH7S9UC%26q%3Dlee%2Bliberace%2Bforest%2Blawn%2Bmemorial%2Bpark%26pg%3DPT153&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiberace" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNever2009" class="citation web cs1">Never, Johns (June 20, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/11311958@N06/3644747781/">"Forest Lawn Cemetery – Liberace Tomb 01"</a>. flickr.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240902140629/https://www.flickr.com/photos/11311958@N06/3644747781/">Archived</a> from the original on September 2, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 9,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Forest+Lawn+Cemetery+%E2%80%93+Liberace+Tomb+01&rft.pub=flickr.com&rft.date=2009-06-20&rft.aulast=Never&rft.aufirst=Johns&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.flickr.com%2Fphotos%2F11311958%40N06%2F3644747781%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiberace" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121013165655/http://www.palmspringswalkofstars.com/web-storage/Stars/Stars%20dedicated%20by%20date.pdf">"Palm Springs Walk of Stars by date dedicated"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.palmspringswalkofstars.com/web-storage/Stars/Stars%20dedicated%20by%20date.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on October 13, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 16,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Palm+Springs+Walk+of+Stars+by+date+dedicated&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.palmspringswalkofstars.com%2Fweb-storage%2FStars%2FStars%2520dedicated%2520by%2520date.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiberace" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Robinson, Leslie (August 23, 1992). "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/image/177977543/">Puttin' on the glitz: Museum showcases Liberace's stuff</a>". <i>Philadelphia Inqurirer</i>. p. R1, R10.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Thornton, Diane S. (January 28, 1996). "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/image/462300948/">Liberace's legacy: He's still drawing fans</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240902140640/https://www.newspapers.com/image/462300948/">Archived</a> September 2, 2024, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>". <i>The San Francisco Examiner</i>. p. T3.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTell_the_USPS_to_Recognize_Liberace_with_a_Stamp!2011" class="citation web cs1">Tell the USPS to Recognize Liberace with a Stamp! (July 7, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://liberacedeservesastamp.wordpress.com/2011/07/07/liberaces-tivoli-gardens-restaurant-now-closed/">"Liberace's Tivoli Gardens Restaurant Now Closed « Tell the USPS to Recognize Liberace with a Stamp!"</a>. Liberacedeservesastamp.wordpress.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120328051125/http://liberacedeservesastamp.wordpress.com/2011/07/07/liberaces-tivoli-gardens-restaurant-now-closed/">Archived</a> from the original on March 28, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 10,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Liberace%27s+Tivoli+Gardens+Restaurant+Now+Closed+%C2%AB+Tell+the+USPS+to+Recognize+Liberace+with+a+Stamp%21&rft.pub=Liberacedeservesastamp.wordpress.com&rft.date=2011-07-07&rft.au=Tell+the+USPS+to+Recognize+Liberace+with+a+Stamp%21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fliberacedeservesastamp.wordpress.com%2F2011%2F07%2F07%2Fliberaces-tivoli-gardens-restaurant-now-closed%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiberace" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Welch, Chris (October 16, 2010) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cnn.tv/2010/TRAVEL/10/15/liberace.museum.closing/index.html?hpt=C2">Show's over for Liberace Museum in Vegas</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110929081235/http://cnn.tv/2010/TRAVEL/10/15/liberace.museum.closing/index.html?hpt=C2">Archived</a> September 29, 2011, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> CNN</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Katsilometes, John (January 28, 2013) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lasvegassun.com/blogs/kats-report/2013/jan/28/liberace-museum-planning-move-downtown----neonopol/">Liberace Museum is planning a move downtown — to Neonopolis</a>. <i>Las Vegas Sun</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.outtraveler.com/destination-guide/las-vegas/2014/06/26/liberace-museum-back-dead">Liberace Museum Back From the Dead?</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231210182240/https://www.outtraveler.com/destination-guide/las-vegas/2014/06/26/liberace-museum-back-dead">Archived</a> December 10, 2023, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <i>outtraveler.com</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-VegasSevenLibGarage-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-VegasSevenLibGarage_90-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTownsend_Rodgers2016" class="citation web cs1">Townsend Rodgers, Lissa (April 6, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160423103739/http://vegasseven.com/2016/04/06/liberace-garage-showcases-mr-showmanships-rides%E2%80%82/">"Liberace Garage Showcases Mr. Showmanship's Rides"</a>. VegasSeven. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://vegasseven.com/2016/04/06/liberace-garage-showcases-mr-showmanships-rides%E2%80%82/">the original</a> on April 23, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 21,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Liberace+Garage+Showcases+Mr.+Showmanship%27s+Rides&rft.pub=VegasSeven&rft.date=2016-04-06&rft.aulast=Townsend+Rodgers&rft.aufirst=Lissa&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fvegasseven.com%2F2016%2F04%2F06%2Fliberace-garage-showcases-mr-showmanships-rides%25E2%2580%2582%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiberace" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0195022/"><i>Liberace: Behind The Music</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230107195252/https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0195022/">Archived</a> January 7, 2023, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>; IMDb.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111015125543/http://movies.nytimes.com/movie/456221/Behind-the-Candelabra-The-Secret-Life-of-Liberace/overview">"Behind the Candelabra: The Secret Life of Liberace"</a>. Movies & TV Dept. <i>The New York Times</i>. 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://movies.nytimes.com/movie/456221/Behind-the-Candelabra-The-Secret-Life-of-Liberace/overview">the original</a> on October 15, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Behind+the+Candelabra%3A+The+Secret+Life+of+Liberace&rft.date=2011&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmovies.nytimes.com%2Fmovie%2F456221%2FBehind-the-Candelabra-The-Secret-Life-of-Liberace%2Foverview&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiberace" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-USATodayLiberace-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-USATodayLiberace_93-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThompson2011" class="citation web cs1">Thompson, Arienne (October 11, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://content.usatoday.com/communities/entertainment/post/2011/10/douglas-damon-starring-in-hbos-liberace-biopic/1">"Douglas, Damon starring in HBO's Liberace biopic"</a>. <i>USA Today</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160511231009/http://content.usatoday.com/communities/entertainment/post/2011/10/douglas-damon-starring-in-hbos-liberace-biopic/1">Archived</a> from the original on May 11, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 17,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=USA+Today&rft.atitle=Douglas%2C+Damon+starring+in+HBO%27s+Liberace+biopic&rft.date=2011-10-11&rft.aulast=Thompson&rft.aufirst=Arienne&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcontent.usatoday.com%2Fcommunities%2Fentertainment%2Fpost%2F2011%2F10%2Fdouglas-damon-starring-in-hbos-liberace-biopic%2F1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiberace" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.earlyword.com/2013/03/20/liberace-movie-to-air-on-hbo/">"BEHIND THE CANDELABRA; The Book, The Movie"</a>. <i>EarlyWord</i>. March 20, 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130529133811/http://www.earlyword.com/2013/03/20/liberace-movie-to-air-on-hbo/">Archived</a> from the original on May 29, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 26,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=EarlyWord&rft.atitle=BEHIND+THE+CANDELABRA%3B+The+Book%2C+The+Movie&rft.date=2013-03-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.earlyword.com%2F2013%2F03%2F20%2Fliberace-movie-to-air-on-hbo%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiberace" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ytv-staff.tumblr.com/post/146082012420/jim-gaffigan-shows-that-the-gaffigan-show-is">"Jim Gaffigan Shows That 'The Gaffigan Show' Is Truly a Family Affair"</a>. Tumbler<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 17,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Jim+Gaffigan+Shows+That+%27The+Gaffigan+Show%27+Is+Truly+a+Family+Affair&rft.pub=Tumbler&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fytv-staff.tumblr.com%2Fpost%2F146082012420%2Fjim-gaffigan-shows-that-the-gaffigan-show-is&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiberace" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged October 2022">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCollin2017" class="citation news cs1">Collin, Robbie (October 8, 2017). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/films/0/blade-runner-2049-review-one-spectacular-provocative-profound/">"Blade Runner 2049 review: the most spectacular, profound blockbuster of our time"</a></span>. <i>The Daily Telegraph</i>. London. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/films/0/blade-runner-2049-review-one-spectacular-provocative-profound/">Archived</a> from the original on January 10, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 17,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Blade+Runner+2049+review%3A+the+most+spectacular%2C+profound+blockbuster+of+our+time&rft.date=2017-10-08&rft.aulast=Collin&rft.aufirst=Robbie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Ffilms%2F0%2Fblade-runner-2049-review-one-spectacular-provocative-profound%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiberace" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation episode cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211030/dbMK3R770-Y">"Remembering Liberace"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Larry_King_Live" title="Larry King Live"><i>Larry King Live</i></a>. August 7, 2001. CNN. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dbMK3R770-Y">the original</a> on October 30, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Larry+King+Live&rft.date=2001-08-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DdbMK3R770-Y&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiberace" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberace&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPyron2000" class="citation book cs1">Pyron, Darden Asbury (2000). <i>Liberace: An American Boy</i>. University of Chicago Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-226-68669-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-226-68669-1"><bdi>978-0-226-68669-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Liberace%3A+An+American+Boy&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-226-68669-1&rft.aulast=Pyron&rft.aufirst=Darden+Asbury&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiberace" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberace&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCallan1990" class="citation book cs1">Callan, Michael Feeney (1990). <i>Richard Harris: A Sporting Life</i>. London: Sidgwick & Jackson Limited. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-283-99913-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-283-99913-0"><bdi>978-0-283-99913-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Richard+Harris%3A+A+Sporting+Life&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Sidgwick+%26+Jackson+Limited&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=978-0-283-99913-0&rft.aulast=Callan&rft.aufirst=Michael+Feeney&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiberace" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberace&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Liberace" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Liberace">Liberace</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0508766/">Liberace</a> at <a href="/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="IMDb (identifier)">IMDb</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.liberace.org/The">Liberace Foundation</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britishpathe.com/video/liberace-leaving-law-courts/query/Liberace+daily+mirror">Liberace video footage after winning the case against the Daily Mirror</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081002230328/http://www.bobsliberace.com/decades/1950s/1950s.11.html">Excerpts from Cassandra's column</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0208/12/lkl.00.html">Transcript of CNN interview with Scott Thorson about his time with Liberace</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091029163405/http://blogs2.startribune.com/blogs/oldnews/archives/70">Yesterday's News:</a> June 18, 1959: Liberace wins libel suit</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dvdtalk.com/reviews/37993/libarace-greatest-songs/Liberace's">Greatest Songs</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged October 2022">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup> DVD review and history of Liberace's syndicated television series.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://edition.cnn.com/2010/SHOWBIZ/Music/09/12/liberace.museum.vegas/index.html">Liberace Museum to Close</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britishpathe.com/workspaces/BritishPathe/Liberace">Pathe News Liberace Film Collection</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vault.fbi.gov/Liberace">FBI Records: The Vault - Liberace</a> at fbi.gov</li> <li><a href="https://hdl.handle.net/10079/fa/beinecke.liberace" class="extiw" title="hdl:10079/fa/beinecke.liberace">Collection of materials relating to Liberace</a>. General Collection, Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library, Yale University.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://adp.library.ucsb.edu/names/102095">Liberace recordings</a> at the Discography of American Historical Recordings.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output 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href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJdrGkkgfvj4xXW4RWJ7HC">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/119002027">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n50050377">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb138966405">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb138966405">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an36118664">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=xx0180745&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX1536946">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/mkz2b7853m7clmr">Sweden</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810618047805606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007506099305171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:au:finaf:000209704">Finland</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/artist/0ee4b304-4e38-4e84-94d7-41a639ab5d8b">MusicBrainz</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://adp.library.ucsb.edu/names/102095">Discography of American Historical Recordings</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/1215239">Trove</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/235571822">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6cd1r36">SNAC</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6nk3h0x">2</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Liberace&oldid=1257613182">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Liberace&oldid=1257613182</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div 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