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Avatar_initials__EJfVt" style="width:24px;height:24px;line-height:24px">M</div><span>mayankpatel0402</span></a></div><div class="description Description_root__kt4uq Description_clamped__PaV_1"><div class="Description_wrapper__hYE9_" data-cy="document-description"><p>The document discusses various aspects of sports event management including the meaning of sports management, types of tournaments, fixtures, and intramurals and extramurals. It defines sports management as the process of planning, organizing, evaluating, and controlling efforts to achieve stated objectives. It describes different types of tournaments like knockout, combination, challenge, and league tournaments. It provides details on fixtures, byes, and methods of drawing fixtures for knockout and league tournaments. 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class="" id=":R2s94f6:" popover="manual" data-popover-position="bottom" style="position-anchor:--popover-R2s94f6"></div><span class="Text_root__is73U Text_secondary__EPWj0 Text_xsmall__vYp9p text" style="-webkit-line-clamp:0">Downloaded 18 times</span></div></div><div class="MetadataToolbar_underline__QQn0C"></div></div></div><div class="player Player_root__L1AmF"><div id="new-player" class="vertical-player VerticalPlayer_root__K8_YS" data-slideshow-id="265553311"><div><div id="slide1" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:960 / 540" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-0" alt="unit :- 1 Management of Sports Events Submitted To :- Vijay Porwal Sir Submitted By :- Mayank Patel " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="eager" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/pptofpeunit1-240119085810-8c906053/85/physical-education-class-12-chapter-1-1-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/pptofpeunit1-240119085810-8c906053/85/physical-education-class-12-chapter-1-1-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/pptofpeunit1-240119085810-8c906053/75/physical-education-class-12-chapter-1-1-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/pptofpeunit1-240119085810-8c906053/85/physical-education-class-12-chapter-1-1-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide2" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:960 / 540" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-1" alt="Functions of sports event management : - • Meaning of sports management :- • Managements is the process of involving planning, organizing, evaluating, and controlling human efforts to achieve stated objectives an organization . " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/pptofpeunit1-240119085810-8c906053/85/physical-education-class-12-chapter-1-2-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/pptofpeunit1-240119085810-8c906053/85/physical-education-class-12-chapter-1-2-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/pptofpeunit1-240119085810-8c906053/75/physical-education-class-12-chapter-1-2-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/pptofpeunit1-240119085810-8c906053/85/physical-education-class-12-chapter-1-2-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide3" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:960 / 540" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-2" alt="physical education class 12 chapter 1" class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/pptofpeunit1-240119085810-8c906053/85/physical-education-class-12-chapter-1-3-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/pptofpeunit1-240119085810-8c906053/85/physical-education-class-12-chapter-1-3-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/pptofpeunit1-240119085810-8c906053/75/physical-education-class-12-chapter-1-3-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/pptofpeunit1-240119085810-8c906053/85/physical-education-class-12-chapter-1-3-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide4" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:960 / 540" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-3" alt="TOURNAMENT & FIXTURES :- • Tournament is a competition involving relatively large number of competitors, all participating in a sports or game. It is a series of contests with several rounds in which many contestants compete, individually or as a team to decide the winner. • Fixtures are the schedules fixed for the matches to be played, their time, place, Court, Ground number and date etc. There are many types of fixtures that are fixed according to time, Grounds, equipment, officials, facilities and teams participating etc. " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/pptofpeunit1-240119085810-8c906053/85/physical-education-class-12-chapter-1-4-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/pptofpeunit1-240119085810-8c906053/85/physical-education-class-12-chapter-1-4-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/pptofpeunit1-240119085810-8c906053/75/physical-education-class-12-chapter-1-4-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/pptofpeunit1-240119085810-8c906053/85/physical-education-class-12-chapter-1-4-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide5" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:960 / 540" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-4" alt="Types of tournaments •Knockout or elimination tournament. •Combination tournament. •Challenge tournament. •League or Round Robin tournament. " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/pptofpeunit1-240119085810-8c906053/85/physical-education-class-12-chapter-1-5-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/pptofpeunit1-240119085810-8c906053/85/physical-education-class-12-chapter-1-5-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/pptofpeunit1-240119085810-8c906053/75/physical-education-class-12-chapter-1-5-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/pptofpeunit1-240119085810-8c906053/85/physical-education-class-12-chapter-1-5-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide6" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:960 / 540" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-5" alt="KNOCKOUT TOURNAMENT :- • WHAT IS KNOCKOUT TOURNAMENT ? ANS :- A single-elimination, knockout, or sudden death tournament is a type of elimination tournament where the loser of each match-up is immediately eliminated from the tournament. Each winner will play another in the next round, until the final match-up, whose winner becomes the tournament champion. " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/pptofpeunit1-240119085810-8c906053/85/physical-education-class-12-chapter-1-6-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/pptofpeunit1-240119085810-8c906053/85/physical-education-class-12-chapter-1-6-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/pptofpeunit1-240119085810-8c906053/75/physical-education-class-12-chapter-1-6-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/pptofpeunit1-240119085810-8c906053/85/physical-education-class-12-chapter-1-6-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide7" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:960 / 540" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-6" alt="Advantage and disadvantage of knockout tournament :- • Advantages of Knock-out Tournaments 1. Minimum number of officials are required in organizing tournaments. 2. Owing to less number of matches so it takes less time to complete the tournaments. 3. It helps in enhancing the standard of sports. • Disadvantages of Knock-out Tournaments 1. Good teams can get eliminated because of their poor performance even in first round. 2. There are maximum chances of weak teams to enter into the final round " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/pptofpeunit1-240119085810-8c906053/85/physical-education-class-12-chapter-1-7-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/pptofpeunit1-240119085810-8c906053/85/physical-education-class-12-chapter-1-7-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/pptofpeunit1-240119085810-8c906053/75/physical-education-class-12-chapter-1-7-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/pptofpeunit1-240119085810-8c906053/85/physical-education-class-12-chapter-1-7-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide8" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:960 / 540" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-7" alt="BYE :- • WHAT IS BYE ? • A bye is a privilege offered to a team in the initial rounds of a game because of which that team gets exempted from playing in the first round and directly enters the second round. " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/pptofpeunit1-240119085810-8c906053/85/physical-education-class-12-chapter-1-8-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/pptofpeunit1-240119085810-8c906053/85/physical-education-class-12-chapter-1-8-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/pptofpeunit1-240119085810-8c906053/75/physical-education-class-12-chapter-1-8-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/pptofpeunit1-240119085810-8c906053/85/physical-education-class-12-chapter-1-8-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide9" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:960 / 540" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-8" alt="FIXTURES • Any tournament whether it is knock-out or league, is arranged according to a set procedure which is known as fixture. For knock-out tournament, the procedure to draw fixture is through bye and seeding. For league tournaments, the procedure to draw fixture is through staircase and cyclic method. • Fixture is the process of arranging the teams in systematic order in various groups for competition in a physical activity. In other words, it is the set-up of various teams for competitive matches where they play in a systematic order as per the fixture schedule. The success of a tournament depends upon planning of suitable fixture. Tournaments are played in various forms of fixtures. " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/pptofpeunit1-240119085810-8c906053/85/physical-education-class-12-chapter-1-9-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/pptofpeunit1-240119085810-8c906053/85/physical-education-class-12-chapter-1-9-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/pptofpeunit1-240119085810-8c906053/75/physical-education-class-12-chapter-1-9-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/pptofpeunit1-240119085810-8c906053/85/physical-education-class-12-chapter-1-9-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide10" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:960 / 540" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-9" alt="• Fixtures in Knock-out Tournament • In a knock-out tournament, the fixtures are drawn by the following methods • 1. Seeding Method • Seeding is a procedure by which good teams are placed in fixtures in such a way that stronger teams do not meet each other at the very start of a tournament. It is done to overdone the drawbacks of a single knock-out tournament. Seeding can be done only if the standards of the teams are known before the start of the tournament. The draw may result between the strong competitors at early level competition, so they are ‘seeded’ to prevent this. " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/pptofpeunit1-240119085810-8c906053/85/physical-education-class-12-chapter-1-10-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/pptofpeunit1-240119085810-8c906053/85/physical-education-class-12-chapter-1-10-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/pptofpeunit1-240119085810-8c906053/75/physical-education-class-12-chapter-1-10-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/pptofpeunit1-240119085810-8c906053/85/physical-education-class-12-chapter-1-10-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide11" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:960 / 540" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-10" alt="Special Seeding It is a method of seeding in which the players or teams directly participate in the quarter final or semi-final matches thus avoiding their participation in the initial rounds . " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/pptofpeunit1-240119085810-8c906053/85/physical-education-class-12-chapter-1-11-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/pptofpeunit1-240119085810-8c906053/85/physical-education-class-12-chapter-1-11-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/pptofpeunit1-240119085810-8c906053/75/physical-education-class-12-chapter-1-11-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/pptofpeunit1-240119085810-8c906053/85/physical-education-class-12-chapter-1-11-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide12" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:960 / 540" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-11" alt="Method of Drawing Fixtures in Knock-out Tournament :- • In order to draw fixtures in a knock-out tournament, following things are essential to calculate • 1. Total Number of Matches It means the total number of matches that will be played during the entire tournament. The number of matches to be played is calculated by subtracting 1 from total number of teams (N – 1). Suppose total teams are 11 so matches to be played during the tournament are 10 (11 – 1). • 2. Number of Rounds It means the total number of rounds that should be played during the tournament. Rounds will include the initial rounds, quarter finals, semi finals and finals. If the number of teams is a power of 2, then number of rounds will exactly be multiple of 2 up to that number . " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/pptofpeunit1-240119085810-8c906053/85/physical-education-class-12-chapter-1-12-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/pptofpeunit1-240119085810-8c906053/85/physical-education-class-12-chapter-1-12-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/pptofpeunit1-240119085810-8c906053/75/physical-education-class-12-chapter-1-12-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/pptofpeunit1-240119085810-8c906053/85/physical-education-class-12-chapter-1-12-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide13" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:960 / 540" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-12" alt="STEPS OF KNOCKOUT FIXTURE AND GIVING BYE :- Method of Drawing Fixtures :- We use the power of two to determine the drawing of fixtures for a certain number of participating teams, e.g., 2, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26…, etc., i.e., 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64,… If 16 teams enter a tournament, there will be no byes, resulting in 16 – 16 = 0. " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/pptofpeunit1-240119085810-8c906053/85/physical-education-class-12-chapter-1-13-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/pptofpeunit1-240119085810-8c906053/85/physical-education-class-12-chapter-1-13-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/pptofpeunit1-240119085810-8c906053/75/physical-education-class-12-chapter-1-13-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/pptofpeunit1-240119085810-8c906053/85/physical-education-class-12-chapter-1-13-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide14" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:960 / 540" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-13" alt="3. Number of teams in each half All the teams are divided into two halves for the sake of convenience. If the number of teams is even, then the number of teams in upper and lower half will be equal i.e Total teams 20 then apply the formulae N2 Number of teams in upper half N2=202=10 Number of teams in lower half N2=202=10 If the number of tearms is odd ,then applyN+12 for upper half and N−12 Example : Total teams = 15 Number of teams in upper half N+12=15+12=8 Number of teams in lower half N−12=15−12=8 " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/pptofpeunit1-240119085810-8c906053/85/physical-education-class-12-chapter-1-14-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/pptofpeunit1-240119085810-8c906053/85/physical-education-class-12-chapter-1-14-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/pptofpeunit1-240119085810-8c906053/75/physical-education-class-12-chapter-1-14-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/pptofpeunit1-240119085810-8c906053/85/physical-education-class-12-chapter-1-14-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide15" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:960 / 540" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-14" alt="4. Number of byes Teams getting the byes do not play in the initial round. They are given by subtracting the number of teams by the next power of 2. Example 1 : Total number of teams =19 Next power of two after 19 = 32 Power of two – 21 = 2, 22 = 4, 23 = 8, 24 = 16, 25 = 32 therefore number of byes will be 32 – 19 =13 " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/pptofpeunit1-240119085810-8c906053/85/physical-education-class-12-chapter-1-15-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/pptofpeunit1-240119085810-8c906053/85/physical-education-class-12-chapter-1-15-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/pptofpeunit1-240119085810-8c906053/75/physical-education-class-12-chapter-1-15-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/pptofpeunit1-240119085810-8c906053/85/physical-education-class-12-chapter-1-15-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide16" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:960 / 540" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-15" alt="Example 1 A fixture of 19 teams on knock-out basis. Total matches = N – 1 = 19 – 1 = 18 Number of teams in upper half N+12=19+12=202=10 teams Number of teams in lower half N−12=19−12=182=9 teams Total number of byes = Next power of two – Total number of teams = 32 – 19=13 byes Number of byes in upper half Totalnumberofbyes−12 i.e[Nb−12]=13−12=122=6byes Number of byes in lower half =Totalnumberofbyes+12 [Nb+12]=13+12=142=7byes " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/pptofpeunit1-240119085810-8c906053/85/physical-education-class-12-chapter-1-16-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/pptofpeunit1-240119085810-8c906053/85/physical-education-class-12-chapter-1-16-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/pptofpeunit1-240119085810-8c906053/75/physical-education-class-12-chapter-1-16-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/pptofpeunit1-240119085810-8c906053/85/physical-education-class-12-chapter-1-16-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide17" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:960 / 540" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-16" alt="LEAGUE TOURNAMENT :- 2. League or Round Robin Tournaments A league tournament, also called as round robin tournament, is a type of tournament in which each contestant meets all other contestants in turn. In this type of tournament, there has to be sufficient time to complete the tournament. There are two types of league tournaments 1.Single league 2.Double league In a single league round robin schedule, each participant plays with every other participant once. If each participant plays with others timely, this is frequently called a round robin double league tournament. 1.Single League Number of matches =N(N−1)2 (N = Number of teams) 2.Double League Number of matches = N (N-1) (N = Number of teams) " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/pptofpeunit1-240119085810-8c906053/85/physical-education-class-12-chapter-1-17-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/pptofpeunit1-240119085810-8c906053/85/physical-education-class-12-chapter-1-17-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/pptofpeunit1-240119085810-8c906053/75/physical-education-class-12-chapter-1-17-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/pptofpeunit1-240119085810-8c906053/85/physical-education-class-12-chapter-1-17-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide18" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:960 / 540" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-17" alt="Fixtures in League Tournaments :- The three methods used for drawing up fixtures are 1. Staircase method 2. Cyclic Method 3. Tabular Method " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/pptofpeunit1-240119085810-8c906053/85/physical-education-class-12-chapter-1-18-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/pptofpeunit1-240119085810-8c906053/85/physical-education-class-12-chapter-1-18-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/pptofpeunit1-240119085810-8c906053/75/physical-education-class-12-chapter-1-18-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/pptofpeunit1-240119085810-8c906053/85/physical-education-class-12-chapter-1-18-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide19" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:960 / 540" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-18" alt="1. Staircase Method In this method, the fixtures are made like a staircase. It is arranged in sequential form, there is no bye, no problem of odd or even and therefore it is easiest to arrange. An example will illustrate this method. Example : Draw up a fixture of 9 teams on Round Robin basis using staircase method. The number of teams = 9 Thus, number of matches N(N−1)2=9(9−1)2=9×82=36matches The fixture is given below " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/pptofpeunit1-240119085810-8c906053/85/physical-education-class-12-chapter-1-19-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/pptofpeunit1-240119085810-8c906053/85/physical-education-class-12-chapter-1-19-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/pptofpeunit1-240119085810-8c906053/75/physical-education-class-12-chapter-1-19-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/pptofpeunit1-240119085810-8c906053/85/physical-education-class-12-chapter-1-19-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide20" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:960 / 540" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-19" alt="2. Cyclic Method In this method, if the number of teams is even (i.e. 4, 6, 8, ….), team 1 is fixed on the top right side and the other teams move in clockwise direction down one side of a rectangle and up on the other side. In such a case, the number of rounds will be N-1 if there are N teams participating. However, if the number of teams is odd (i.e. 3, 5, 7,….), a ‘bye’ is fixed at the top and all teams follow it in sequence. In such a case, the number of rounds will be N. Example 1 Fixture of 6 teams on cyclic method . Total number of teams = 6 Total number of matches = N(N−1)2=6(6−1)2=15 Total number of rounds = N – 1 = 5 " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/pptofpeunit1-240119085810-8c906053/85/physical-education-class-12-chapter-1-20-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/pptofpeunit1-240119085810-8c906053/85/physical-education-class-12-chapter-1-20-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/pptofpeunit1-240119085810-8c906053/75/physical-education-class-12-chapter-1-20-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/pptofpeunit1-240119085810-8c906053/85/physical-education-class-12-chapter-1-20-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide21" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:960 / 540" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-20" alt="Intramurals :- • The word intramural is derived from the Latin words intra and muros, which means ‘within walls’. The teams compete within the walls of the institution e.g. inter-class or inter-house tournament within an institution. The objectives of intramurals are as follows • To provide incentive, motivation and opportunity to learn various skills. • To develop sportsman spirit among students. • To help in recreation of the students. • To improve-social interaction among the students. " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/pptofpeunit1-240119085810-8c906053/85/physical-education-class-12-chapter-1-21-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/pptofpeunit1-240119085810-8c906053/85/physical-education-class-12-chapter-1-21-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/pptofpeunit1-240119085810-8c906053/75/physical-education-class-12-chapter-1-21-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/pptofpeunit1-240119085810-8c906053/85/physical-education-class-12-chapter-1-21-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide22" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:960 / 540" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-21" alt="Extramurals :- • This encloses the activities which are performed outside the walls of the institution or school. It means that students of two or more schools participate in such competitions. • The objectives of extramural are :- • To improve the standard of sports. • To provide experience to students. • To develop sportsmanship and fraternity. • To broaden the base of sports. • To provide the knowledge of new rules and advanced techniques. " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/pptofpeunit1-240119085810-8c906053/85/physical-education-class-12-chapter-1-22-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/pptofpeunit1-240119085810-8c906053/85/physical-education-class-12-chapter-1-22-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/pptofpeunit1-240119085810-8c906053/75/physical-education-class-12-chapter-1-22-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/pptofpeunit1-240119085810-8c906053/85/physical-education-class-12-chapter-1-22-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide23" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:960 / 540" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-22" alt="THANKYOU FOR WATCHING :- " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/pptofpeunit1-240119085810-8c906053/85/physical-education-class-12-chapter-1-23-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/pptofpeunit1-240119085810-8c906053/85/physical-education-class-12-chapter-1-23-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/pptofpeunit1-240119085810-8c906053/75/physical-education-class-12-chapter-1-23-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/pptofpeunit1-240119085810-8c906053/85/physical-education-class-12-chapter-1-23-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="RelatedContent_root__29Np1"><div class="RelatedContent_wrapper__riU7l"><h2 class="Heading_heading__3MAvZ Heading_h2__f9yvs RelatedContent_title__QUhpL">More Related Content</h2><div></div><div></div><div></div></div></div><div class="Transcript_root__Vrf6Q"><h2 class="Transcript_title__YgAka"><span class="Icon_root__AjZyv" style="--size:24px"><span class="Icon_icon__4zzsG" style="mask-image:url(https://public.slidesharecdn.com/_next/static/media/file.5db1ba24.svg);background-color:currentColor"></span><span class="sr-only"></span></span>physical education class 12 chapter 1</h2><div><ul class="Transcript_list__faItj"><div><li>1. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/physical-education-class-12-chapter-1/265553311#1">unit :- 1 Management </a> of Sports Events Submitted To :- Vijay Porwal Sir Submitted By :- Mayank Patel </li></div><div><li>2. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/physical-education-class-12-chapter-1/265553311#2">Functions of sports </a> event management : - • Meaning of sports management :- • Managements is the process of involving planning, organizing, evaluating, and controlling human efforts to achieve stated objectives an organization . </li></div><div></div><div><li>4. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/physical-education-class-12-chapter-1/265553311#4">TOURNAMENT & FIXTURES </a> :- • Tournament is a competition involving relatively large number of competitors, all participating in a sports or game. It is a series of contests with several rounds in which many contestants compete, individually or as a team to decide the winner. • Fixtures are the schedules fixed for the matches to be played, their time, place, Court, Ground number and date etc. There are many types of fixtures that are fixed according to time, Grounds, equipment, officials, facilities and teams participating etc. </li></div><div><li>5. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/physical-education-class-12-chapter-1/265553311#5">Types of tournaments •Knockout </a> or elimination tournament. •Combination tournament. •Challenge tournament. •League or Round Robin tournament. </li></div><div><li>6. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/physical-education-class-12-chapter-1/265553311#6">KNOCKOUT TOURNAMENT :- • </a> WHAT IS KNOCKOUT TOURNAMENT ? ANS :- A single-elimination, knockout, or sudden death tournament is a type of elimination tournament where the loser of each match-up is immediately eliminated from the tournament. Each winner will play another in the next round, until the final match-up, whose winner becomes the tournament champion. </li></div><div><li>7. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/physical-education-class-12-chapter-1/265553311#7">Advantage and disadvantage </a> of knockout tournament :- • Advantages of Knock-out Tournaments 1. Minimum number of officials are required in organizing tournaments. 2. Owing to less number of matches so it takes less time to complete the tournaments. 3. It helps in enhancing the standard of sports. • Disadvantages of Knock-out Tournaments 1. Good teams can get eliminated because of their poor performance even in first round. 2. There are maximum chances of weak teams to enter into the final round </li></div><div><li>8. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/physical-education-class-12-chapter-1/265553311#8">BYE :- • WHAT </a> IS BYE ? • A bye is a privilege offered to a team in the initial rounds of a game because of which that team gets exempted from playing in the first round and directly enters the second round. </li></div><div><li>9. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/physical-education-class-12-chapter-1/265553311#9">FIXTURES • Any tournament </a> whether it is knock-out or league, is arranged according to a set procedure which is known as fixture. For knock-out tournament, the procedure to draw fixture is through bye and seeding. For league tournaments, the procedure to draw fixture is through staircase and cyclic method. • Fixture is the process of arranging the teams in systematic order in various groups for competition in a physical activity. In other words, it is the set-up of various teams for competitive matches where they play in a systematic order as per the fixture schedule. The success of a tournament depends upon planning of suitable fixture. Tournaments are played in various forms of fixtures. </li></div><div><li>10. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/physical-education-class-12-chapter-1/265553311#10">• Fixtures in </a> Knock-out Tournament • In a knock-out tournament, the fixtures are drawn by the following methods • 1. Seeding Method • Seeding is a procedure by which good teams are placed in fixtures in such a way that stronger teams do not meet each other at the very start of a tournament. It is done to overdone the drawbacks of a single knock-out tournament. Seeding can be done only if the standards of the teams are known before the start of the tournament. The draw may result between the strong competitors at early level competition, so they are ‘seeded’ to prevent this. </li></div><div><li>11. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/physical-education-class-12-chapter-1/265553311#11">Special Seeding It is </a> a method of seeding in which the players or teams directly participate in the quarter final or semi-final matches thus avoiding their participation in the initial rounds . </li></div><div><li>12. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/physical-education-class-12-chapter-1/265553311#12">Method of Drawing </a> Fixtures in Knock-out Tournament :- • In order to draw fixtures in a knock-out tournament, following things are essential to calculate • 1. Total Number of Matches It means the total number of matches that will be played during the entire tournament. The number of matches to be played is calculated by subtracting 1 from total number of teams (N – 1). Suppose total teams are 11 so matches to be played during the tournament are 10 (11 – 1). • 2. Number of Rounds It means the total number of rounds that should be played during the tournament. Rounds will include the initial rounds, quarter finals, semi finals and finals. If the number of teams is a power of 2, then number of rounds will exactly be multiple of 2 up to that number . </li></div><div><li>13. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/physical-education-class-12-chapter-1/265553311#13">STEPS OF KNOCKOUT </a> FIXTURE AND GIVING BYE :- Method of Drawing Fixtures :- We use the power of two to determine the drawing of fixtures for a certain number of participating teams, e.g., 2, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26…, etc., i.e., 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64,… If 16 teams enter a tournament, there will be no byes, resulting in 16 – 16 = 0. </li></div><div><li>14. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/physical-education-class-12-chapter-1/265553311#14">3. Number of </a> teams in each half All the teams are divided into two halves for the sake of convenience. If the number of teams is even, then the number of teams in upper and lower half will be equal i.e Total teams 20 then apply the formulae N2 Number of teams in upper half N2=202=10 Number of teams in lower half N2=202=10 If the number of tearms is odd ,then applyN+12 for upper half and N−12 Example : Total teams = 15 Number of teams in upper half N+12=15+12=8 Number of teams in lower half N−12=15−12=8 </li></div><div><li>15. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/physical-education-class-12-chapter-1/265553311#15">4. Number of </a> byes Teams getting the byes do not play in the initial round. They are given by subtracting the number of teams by the next power of 2. Example 1 : Total number of teams =19 Next power of two after 19 = 32 Power of two – 21 = 2, 22 = 4, 23 = 8, 24 = 16, 25 = 32 therefore number of byes will be 32 – 19 =13 </li></div><div><li>16. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/physical-education-class-12-chapter-1/265553311#16">Example 1 A </a> fixture of 19 teams on knock-out basis. Total matches = N – 1 = 19 – 1 = 18 Number of teams in upper half N+12=19+12=202=10 teams Number of teams in lower half N−12=19−12=182=9 teams Total number of byes = Next power of two – Total number of teams = 32 – 19=13 byes Number of byes in upper half Totalnumberofbyes−12 i.e[Nb−12]=13−12=122=6byes Number of byes in lower half =Totalnumberofbyes+12 [Nb+12]=13+12=142=7byes </li></div><div><li>17. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/physical-education-class-12-chapter-1/265553311#17">LEAGUE TOURNAMENT :- 2. </a> League or Round Robin Tournaments A league tournament, also called as round robin tournament, is a type of tournament in which each contestant meets all other contestants in turn. In this type of tournament, there has to be sufficient time to complete the tournament. There are two types of league tournaments 1.Single league 2.Double league In a single league round robin schedule, each participant plays with every other participant once. If each participant plays with others timely, this is frequently called a round robin double league tournament. 1.Single League Number of matches =N(N−1)2 (N = Number of teams) 2.Double League Number of matches = N (N-1) (N = Number of teams) </li></div><div><li>18. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/physical-education-class-12-chapter-1/265553311#18">Fixtures in League </a> Tournaments :- The three methods used for drawing up fixtures are 1. Staircase method 2. Cyclic Method 3. Tabular Method </li></div><div><li>19. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/physical-education-class-12-chapter-1/265553311#19">1. Staircase Method In </a> this method, the fixtures are made like a staircase. It is arranged in sequential form, there is no bye, no problem of odd or even and therefore it is easiest to arrange. An example will illustrate this method. Example : Draw up a fixture of 9 teams on Round Robin basis using staircase method. The number of teams = 9 Thus, number of matches N(N−1)2=9(9−1)2=9×82=36matches The fixture is given below </li></div><div><li>20. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/physical-education-class-12-chapter-1/265553311#20">2. Cyclic Method In </a> this method, if the number of teams is even (i.e. 4, 6, 8, ….), team 1 is fixed on the top right side and the other teams move in clockwise direction down one side of a rectangle and up on the other side. In such a case, the number of rounds will be N-1 if there are N teams participating. However, if the number of teams is odd (i.e. 3, 5, 7,….), a ‘bye’ is fixed at the top and all teams follow it in sequence. In such a case, the number of rounds will be N. Example 1 Fixture of 6 teams on cyclic method . Total number of teams = 6 Total number of matches = N(N−1)2=6(6−1)2=15 Total number of rounds = N – 1 = 5 </li></div><div><li>21. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/physical-education-class-12-chapter-1/265553311#21">Intramurals :- • The word </a> intramural is derived from the Latin words intra and muros, which means ‘within walls’. The teams compete within the walls of the institution e.g. inter-class or inter-house tournament within an institution. The objectives of intramurals are as follows • To provide incentive, motivation and opportunity to learn various skills. • To develop sportsman spirit among students. • To help in recreation of the students. • To improve-social interaction among the students. </li></div><div><li>22. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/physical-education-class-12-chapter-1/265553311#22">Extramurals :- • This encloses </a> the activities which are performed outside the walls of the institution or school. It means that students of two or more schools participate in such competitions. • The objectives of extramural are :- • To improve the standard of sports. • To provide experience to students. • To develop sportsmanship and fraternity. • To broaden the base of sports. • To provide the knowledge of new rules and advanced techniques. </li></div><div><li>23. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/physical-education-class-12-chapter-1/265553311#23">THANKYOU FOR WATCHING </a> :- </li></div></ul></div></div><div class="actions-menu-container ActionsMenu_root__4k507" data-cy="actions-menu-mobile"><button type="button" class="Button_root__i1yp0 Button_secondary__hHiHI Button_text__ZT_3O Button_small__sqsEx Button_icon__1C4qi save-button" data-testid="button" aria-label="Save physical education class 12 chapter 1 for later" data-saved="false" data-cy="loggedout-save-slideshow-button" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-controls=":Ricf6:" popovertarget=":Ricf6:" 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It is a series of contests\nwith several rounds in which many contestants compete, individually or\nas a team to decide the winner.\n• Fixtures are the schedules fixed for the matches to be played, their time,\nplace, Court, Ground number and date etc. There are many types of\nfixtures that are fixed according to time, Grounds, equipment, officials,\nfacilities and teams participating etc.\n ","Types of tournaments\n•Knockout or elimination tournament.\n•Combination tournament.\n•Challenge tournament.\n•League or Round Robin tournament.\n ","KNOCKOUT TOURNAMENT :-\n• WHAT IS KNOCKOUT TOURNAMENT ?\nANS :- A single-elimination, knockout, or sudden death\ntournament is a type of elimination tournament where the\nloser of each match-up is immediately eliminated from the\ntournament. Each winner will play another in the next round,\nuntil the final match-up, whose winner becomes the tournament\nchampion.\n ","Advantage and disadvantage of knockout\ntournament :-\n• Advantages of Knock-out Tournaments\n1. Minimum number of officials are required in organizing tournaments.\n2. Owing to less number of matches so it takes less time to complete the tournaments.\n3. It helps in enhancing the standard of sports.\n• Disadvantages of Knock-out Tournaments\n1. Good teams can get eliminated because of their poor performance even in first round.\n2. There are maximum chances of weak teams to enter into the final round\n ","BYE :-\n• WHAT IS BYE ?\n• A bye is a privilege offered to a team in the initial rounds\nof a game because of which that team gets exempted\nfrom playing in the first round and directly enters the\nsecond round.\n ","FIXTURES\n• Any tournament whether it is knock-out or league, is arranged according to a set\nprocedure which is known as fixture. For knock-out tournament, the procedure to draw\nfixture is through bye and seeding. For league tournaments, the procedure to draw fixture\nis through staircase and cyclic method.\n• Fixture is the process of arranging the teams in systematic order in various groups for\ncompetition in a physical activity. In other words, it is the set-up of various teams for\ncompetitive matches where they play in a systematic order as per the fixture schedule.\nThe success of a tournament depends upon planning of suitable fixture. Tournaments are\nplayed in various forms of fixtures.\n ","• Fixtures in Knock-out Tournament\n• In a knock-out tournament, the fixtures are drawn by the following methods\n• 1. Seeding Method\n• Seeding is a procedure by which good teams are placed in fixtures in such a\nway that stronger teams do not meet each other at the very start of a\ntournament. It is done to overdone the drawbacks of a single knock-out\ntournament. Seeding can be done only if the standards of the teams are\nknown before the start of the tournament. The draw may result between the\nstrong competitors at early level competition, so they are ‘seeded’ to prevent\nthis.\n ","Special Seeding\nIt is a method of seeding in which the players or teams directly participate in the\nquarter final or semi-final matches thus avoiding their participation in the initial\nrounds .\n ","Method of Drawing Fixtures in Knock-out\nTournament :-\n•\nIn order to draw fixtures in a knock-out tournament, following things are essential to calculate\n• 1. Total Number of Matches It means the total number of matches that will be played during the\nentire tournament. The number of matches to be played is calculated by subtracting 1 from total\nnumber of teams (N – 1).\nSuppose total teams are 11 so matches to be played during the tournament are 10 (11 – 1).\n• 2. Number of Rounds It means the total number of rounds that should be played during the\ntournament. Rounds will include the initial rounds, quarter finals, semi finals and finals. If the\nnumber of teams is a power of 2, then number of rounds will exactly be multiple of 2 up to that\nnumber .\n ","STEPS OF KNOCKOUT FIXTURE AND\nGIVING BYE :-\nMethod of Drawing Fixtures :-\nWe use the power of two to determine the drawing of fixtures for\na certain number of participating teams, e.g., 2, 22, 23, 24, 25,\n26…, etc., i.e., 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64,… If 16 teams enter a\ntournament, there will be no byes, resulting in 16 – 16 = 0.\n ","3. Number of teams in each half\nAll the teams are divided into two halves for the sake of convenience. If the number of teams is even, then the\nnumber of teams in upper and lower half will be equal i.e Total teams 20 then apply the formulae N2\nNumber of teams in upper half\nN2=202=10\nNumber of teams in lower half\nN2=202=10\nIf the number of tearms is odd ,then applyN+12 for upper half and N−12\nExample : Total teams = 15\nNumber of teams in upper half\nN+12=15+12=8\nNumber of teams in lower half\nN−12=15−12=8\n ","4. Number of byes\nTeams getting the byes do not play in the initial round. They are given by subtracting the number of\nteams by the next power of 2.\nExample 1 : Total number of teams =19\nNext power of two after 19 = 32\nPower of two – 21 = 2, 22 = 4, 23 = 8, 24 = 16, 25 = 32\ntherefore number of byes will be 32 – 19 =13\n ","Example 1 A fixture of 19 teams on knock-out\nbasis.\nTotal matches = N – 1 = 19 – 1 = 18\nNumber of teams in upper half\nN+12=19+12=202=10 teams\nNumber of teams in lower half\nN−12=19−12=182=9 teams\nTotal number of byes\n= Next power of two – Total number of teams = 32 –\n19=13 byes\nNumber of byes in upper half\nTotalnumberofbyes−12\ni.e[Nb−12]=13−12=122=6byes\nNumber of byes in lower half\n=Totalnumberofbyes+12\n[Nb+12]=13+12=142=7byes\n ","LEAGUE TOURNAMENT :-\n2. League or Round Robin Tournaments\nA league tournament, also called as round robin tournament, is a type of tournament in which each contestant meets all other\ncontestants in turn. In this type of tournament, there has to be sufficient time to complete the tournament.\nThere are two types of league tournaments\n1.Single league\n2.Double league\nIn a single league round robin schedule, each participant plays with every other participant once. If each participant plays with\nothers timely, this is frequently called a round robin double league tournament.\n1.Single League Number of matches =N(N−1)2 (N = Number of teams)\n2.Double League Number of matches = N (N-1) (N = Number of teams)\n ","Fixtures in League Tournaments :-\nThe three methods used for drawing up fixtures are\n1. Staircase method\n2. Cyclic Method\n3. Tabular Method\n ","1. Staircase Method\nIn this method, the fixtures are made like a staircase. It is arranged in sequential form, there is no bye, no\nproblem of odd or even and therefore it is easiest to arrange. An example will illustrate this method.\nExample : Draw up a fixture of 9 teams on Round Robin basis using staircase method.\nThe number of teams = 9\nThus, number of matches\nN(N−1)2=9(9−1)2=9×82=36matches\nThe fixture is given below\n ","2. Cyclic Method\nIn this method, if the number of teams is even (i.e. 4, 6, 8, ….), team 1 is fixed on the top right side and\nthe other teams move in clockwise direction down one side of a rectangle and up on the other side. In\nsuch a case, the number of rounds will be N-1 if there are N teams participating. However, if the\nnumber of teams is odd (i.e. 3, 5, 7,….), a ‘bye’ is fixed at the top and all teams follow it in sequence. In\nsuch a case, the number of rounds will be N.\nExample 1 Fixture of 6 teams on cyclic method .\nTotal number of teams = 6\nTotal number of matches = N(N−1)2=6(6−1)2=15\nTotal number of rounds = N – 1 = 5\n ","Intramurals :-\n•\nThe word intramural is derived from the Latin words intra and muros, which means ‘within walls’.\nThe teams compete within the walls of the institution e.g. inter-class or inter-house tournament\nwithin an institution.\nThe objectives of intramurals are as follows\n• To provide incentive, motivation and opportunity to learn various skills.\n• To develop sportsman spirit among students.\n• To help in recreation of the students.\n• To improve-social interaction among the students.\n ","Extramurals :-\n•\nThis encloses the activities which are performed outside the walls of the institution or school. It means that students of two or more\nschools participate in such competitions.\n• The objectives of extramural are :-\n• To improve the standard of sports.\n• To provide experience to students.\n• To develop sportsmanship and fraternity.\n• To broaden the base of sports.\n• To provide the knowledge of new rules and advanced techniques.\n ","THANKYOU FOR WATCHING :-\n "],"twitterShareUrl":"https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?via=SlideShare\u0026text=physical+education+class+12+chapter+1+%23internet+%23research+https%3A%2F%2Fwww.slideshare.net%2Fslideshow%2Fphysical-education-class-12-chapter-1%2F265553311","type":"presentation","viewStats":{"views":9014,"viewsFromEmbeds":1,"topEmbeds":[]},"slideDimensions":{"height":540,"width":960},"topReadSlides":[{"slideIndex":20,"ranking":3},{"slideIndex":16,"ranking":1},{"slideIndex":8,"ranking":2}],"user":{"id":"237658452","isFollowing":false,"login":"mayankpatel0402","name":"mayankpatel0402","occupation":null,"organization":null,"photo":"https://public.slidesharecdn.com/v2/images/profile-picture.png","photoExists":false,"shortName":"mayankpatel0402"},"views":9015},"_nextI18Next":{"initialI18nStore":{"en":{"common":{"ad":{"fallbackText":"Ad for Scribd subscription","label":"Ad","close":"Close Ad","dismiss_in":"Dismiss in","ad_info_title":"Why are you seeing this?","ad_info_description":"We use ads to keep content free and accessible for everyone. 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