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Winston Churchill - Wikipedia
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class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Cuprins</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">mută în bara laterală</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ascunde</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Început</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Tinerețea_și_familia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tinerețea_și_familia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Tinerețea și familia</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Tinerețea_și_familia-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Tinerețea și familia subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Tinerețea_și_familia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Impedimentul_în_vorbire" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Impedimentul_în_vorbire"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Impedimentul în vorbire</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Impedimentul_în_vorbire-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Căsnicia_și_copiii" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Căsnicia_și_copiii"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Căsnicia și copiii</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Căsnicia_și_copiii-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Serviciul_militar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Serviciul_militar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Serviciul militar</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Serviciul_militar-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Serviciul militar subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Serviciul_militar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Cuba" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cuba"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Cuba</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cuba-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-India" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#India"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>India</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-India-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sudan_și_Oldham" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sudan_și_Oldham"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Sudan și Oldham</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sudan_și_Oldham-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Africa_de_Sud" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Africa_de_Sud"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Africa de Sud</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Africa_de_Sud-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Serviciul_teritorial" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Serviciul_teritorial"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Serviciul teritorial</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Serviciul_teritorial-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Frontul_de_Vest" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Frontul_de_Vest"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Frontul de Vest</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Frontul_de_Vest-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cariera_politică_până_la_al_Doilea_Război_Mondial" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cariera_politică_până_la_al_Doilea_Război_Mondial"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Cariera politică până la al Doilea Război Mondial</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Cariera_politică_până_la_al_Doilea_Război_Mondial-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Cariera politică până la al Doilea Război Mondial subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Cariera_politică_până_la_al_Doilea_Război_Mondial-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Primii_ani_în_Parlament" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Primii_ani_în_Parlament"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Primii ani în Parlament</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Primii_ani_în_Parlament-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Primul_Război_Mondial_și_Coaliția_de_după_război" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Primul_Război_Mondial_și_Coaliția_de_după_război"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Primul Război Mondial și Coaliția de după război</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Primul_Război_Mondial_și_Coaliția_de_după_război-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Întoarcerea_în_Partidul_Conservator-_Cancelar_al_Trezoreriei" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Întoarcerea_în_Partidul_Conservator-_Cancelar_al_Trezoreriei"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Întoarcerea în Partidul Conservator- Cancelar al Trezoreriei</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Întoarcerea_în_Partidul_Conservator-_Cancelar_al_Trezoreriei-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Motivația_Juriului_Nobel" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Motivația_Juriului_Nobel"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Motivația Juriului Nobel</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Motivația_Juriului_Nobel-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Viața" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Viața"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Viața</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Viața-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Scrieri" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Scrieri"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Scrieri</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Scrieri-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Note" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Note"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Note</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Note-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legături_externe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legături_externe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Legături externe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legături_externe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Cuprins" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Comută cuprinsul" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Comută cuprinsul</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Winston Churchill</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Mergeți la un articol în altă limbă. Disponibil în 176 limbi" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-176" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">176 limbi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB%D1%8C,_%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Черчилль, Уинстон – abhază" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Черчилль, Уинстон" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="abhază" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Winston Churchill" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill – germană (Elveția)" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Winston Churchill" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="germană (Elveția)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8B%8A%E1%8A%95%E1%88%B5%E1%89%B0%E1%8A%95_%E1%89%B8%E1%88%AD%E1%89%BD%E1%88%8D" title="ዊንስተን ቸርችል – amharică" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ዊንስተን ቸርችል" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amharică" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill – aragoneză" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Winston Churchill" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragoneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill – engleză veche" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Winston Churchill" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="engleză veche" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2" title="विन्स्टन चर्चिल – angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="विन्स्टन चर्चिल" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="articol de calitate"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%B1%D8%B4%D9%84" title="ونستون تشرشل – arabă" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ونستون تشرشل" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%AA%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AA%D8%B4%D9%84" title="وينستون تشورتشل – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="وينستون تشورتشل" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%B1%D8%B4%D9%8A%D9%84" title="وينستون تشرشيل – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="وينستون تشرشيل" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill – asturiană" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Winston Churchill" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB" title="Винстон Черчилл – avară" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Винстон Черчилл" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="avară" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2" title="विन्स्टन चर्चिल – awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="विन्स्टन चर्चिल" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill – aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Winston Churchill" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vinston_%C3%87%C3%B6r%C3%A7ill" title="Vinston Çörçill – azeră" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Vinston Çörçill" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azeră" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86_%DA%86%D8%B1%DA%86%DB%8C%D9%84" title="وینستون چرچیل – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="وینستون چرچیل" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Уинстон Черчилль – bașkiră" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Уинстон Черчилль" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="bașkiră" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill – balineză" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Winston Churchill" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="balineză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vinstons_%C4%8Cer%C4%8D%C4%97lis" title="Vinstons Čerčėlis – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Vinstons Čerčėlis" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Winston Churchill" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%A7%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%87%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Уінстан Чэрчыль – belarusă" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Уінстан Чэрчыль" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarusă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%8E%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%A7%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%87%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Ўінстан Чэрчыль – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Ўінстан Чэрчыль" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="articol de calitate"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8A%D0%BD_%D0%A7%D1%8A%D1%80%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BB" title="Уинстън Чърчил – bulgară" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Уинстън Чърчил" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgară" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2" title="विंस्टन चर्चिल – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="विंस्टन चर्चिल" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill – bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Winston Churchill" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bislama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2" title="উইনস্টন চার্চিল – bengaleză" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="উইনস্টন চার্চিল" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengaleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%9D%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A6%E0%BD%B4%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%8F%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%86%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%A2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%86%E0%BD%BA%E0%BD%A3%E0%BC%8D" title="ཝིན་སུ་ཏོན་ཆུར་ཆེལ། – tibetană" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཝིན་སུ་ཏོན་ཆུར་ཆེལ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="tibetană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill – bretonă" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Winston Churchill" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill – bosniacă" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Winston Churchill" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniacă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill – Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Winston Churchill" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Mandailing</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Уинстон Черчилль – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Уинстон Черчилль" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="articol de calitate"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill – catalană" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Winston Churchill" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Черчилль Уинстон – cecenă" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Черчилль Уинстон" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="cecenă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill – cebuană" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Winston Churchill" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%86_%DA%86%DB%8E%D8%B1%DA%86%DA%B5" title="وینستن چێرچڵ – kurdă centrală" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="وینستن چێرچڵ" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="kurdă centrală" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill – cehă" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Winston Churchill" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="cehă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Уинстон Черчилль – ciuvașă" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Уинстон Черчилль" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="ciuvașă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill – galeză" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Winston Churchill" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="galeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="articol bun"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill – daneză" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Winston Churchill" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="daneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="articol de calitate"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill – germană" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Winston Churchill" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="germană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9F%CF%85%CE%AF%CE%BD%CF%83%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%BD_%CE%A4%CF%83%CF%8E%CF%81%CF%84%CF%83%CE%B9%CE%BB" title="Ουίνστον Τσώρτσιλ – greacă" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ουίνστον Τσώρτσιλ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greacă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="articol bun"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill – engleză" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Winston Churchill" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="articol bun"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Winston Churchill" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill – spaniolă" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Winston Churchill" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spaniolă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill – estonă" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Winston Churchill" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill – bască" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Winston Churchill" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="bască" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Winston Churchill" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86_%DA%86%D8%B1%DA%86%DB%8C%D9%84" title="وینستون چرچیل – persană" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="وینستون چرچیل" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill – finlandeză" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Winston Churchill" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Churchilli_Winston" title="Churchilli Winston – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Churchilli Winston" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill – feroeză" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Winston Churchill" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="feroeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="articol de calitate"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill – franceză" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Winston Churchill" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franceză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill – frizonă nordică" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Winston Churchill" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="frizonă nordică" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill – frizonă occidentală" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Winston Churchill" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="frizonă occidentală" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill – irlandeză" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Winston Churchill" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%82%B1%E5%90%89%E7%88%BE" title="邱吉爾 – chineză gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="邱吉爾" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="chineză gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill – gaelică scoțiană" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Winston Churchill" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="gaelică scoțiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill – galiciană" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Winston Churchill" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiciană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill – guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Winston Churchill" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill – Goan Konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="Winston Churchill" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goan Konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%B5%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%A8%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B8%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%9F%E0%AA%A8_%E0%AA%9A%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%9A%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%B2" title="વિન્સ્ટન ચર્ચિલ – gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="વિન્સ્ટન ચર્ચિલ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill – manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Winston Churchill" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill – hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Winston Churchill" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill – chineză hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Winston Churchill" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="chineză hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill – hawaiiană" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Winston Churchill" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="hawaiiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%95%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%A6%27%D7%A8%D7%A6%27%D7%99%D7%9C" title="וינסטון צ'רצ'יל – ebraică" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="וינסטון צ'רצ'יל" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ebraică" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2" title="विन्सटन चर्चिल – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="विन्सटन चर्चिल" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Winston Churchill" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill – croată" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Winston Churchill" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croată" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill – haitiană" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Winston Churchill" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="haitiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="articol de calitate"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchill_(minisztereln%C3%B6k)" title="Winston Churchill (miniszterelnök) – maghiară" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Winston Churchill (miniszterelnök)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="maghiară" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%88%D6%82%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%BD%D5%A9%D5%B8%D5%B6_%D5%89%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%B9%D5%AB%D5%AC" title="Ուինսթոն Չերչիլ – armeană" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ուինսթոն Չերչիլ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%88%D6%82%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%BD%D5%A9%D5%A8%D5%B6_%D5%89%D5%A8%D6%80%D5%B9%D5%AB%D5%AC" title="Ուինսթըն Չըրչիլ – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Ուինսթըն Չըրչիլ" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Winston Churchill" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill – indoneziană" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Winston Churchill" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indoneziană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill – iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Winston Churchill" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Winston Churchill" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill – islandeză" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Winston Churchill" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill – italiană" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Winston Churchill" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="articol bun"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A6%E3%82%A3%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B9%E3%83%88%E3%83%B3%E3%83%BB%E3%83%81%E3%83%A3%E3%83%BC%E3%83%81%E3%83%AB" title="ウィンストン・チャーチル – japoneză" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ウィンストン・チャーチル" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japoneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Winston Churchill" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/.uinstyn._tcyrtcil." title=".uinstyn. tcyrtcil. – lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title=".uinstyn. tcyrtcil." data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill – javaneză" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Winston Churchill" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javaneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A3%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C_%E1%83%A9%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A9%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="უინსტონ ჩერჩილი – georgiană" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="უინსტონ ჩერჩილი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill – kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Winston Churchill" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Winston Churchill" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Уинстон Черчилль – kazahă" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Уинстон Черчилль" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazahă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%93_%E1%9E%86%E1%9E%BA%E1%9E%88%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%9B" title="វីនស្តុន ឆឺឈីល – khmeră" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="វីនស្តុន ឆឺឈីល" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="khmeră" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%9F%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D%E2%80%8C_%E0%B2%9A%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%9A%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%8D%E2%80%8C" title="ವಿನ್ಸ್ಟನ್ ಚರ್ಚಿಲ್ – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ವಿನ್ಸ್ಟನ್ ಚರ್ಚಿಲ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9C%88%EC%8A%A4%ED%84%B4_%EC%B2%98%EC%B9%A0" title="윈스턴 처칠 – coreeană" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="윈스턴 처칠" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreeană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB%D1%8C,_%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Черчилль, Уинстон – karaceai-balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Черчилль, Уинстон" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="karaceai-balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill – kurdă" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Winston Churchill" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill – cornică" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Winston Churchill" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="cornică" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Уинстон Черчилль – kârgâză" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Уинстон Черчилль" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kârgâză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill – latină" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Winston Churchill" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latină" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill – luxemburgheză" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Winston Churchill" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxemburgheză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Винстон Черчилль – lezghian" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Винстон Черчилль" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="lezghian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill – limburgheză" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Winston Churchill" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburgheză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill – liguriană" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Winston Churchill" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="liguriană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Winston Churchill" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill – lituaniană" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Winston Churchill" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituaniană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vinstons_%C4%8C%C4%93r%C4%8Dils" title="Vinstons Čērčils – letonă" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Vinstons Čērčils" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2" title="विन्स्टन चर्चिल – maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="विन्स्टन चर्चिल" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill – malgașă" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Winston Churchill" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgașă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BB" title="Винстон Черчил – macedoneană" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Винстон Черчил" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedoneană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B5%BB%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%BA_%E0%B4%9A%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%9A%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9A%E0%B4%BF%E0%B5%BD" title="വിൻസ്റ്റൺ ചർച്ചിൽ – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="വിൻസ്റ്റൺ ചർച്ചിൽ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Уинстон Черчилль – mongolă" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Уинстон Черчилль" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongolă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2" title="विन्स्टन चर्चिल – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="विन्स्टन चर्चिल" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill – malaeză" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Winston Churchill" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malaeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill – malteză" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Winston Churchill" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="malteză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9D%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%85%E1%80%90%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA_%E1%80%81%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AC%E1%80%81%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AE" title="ဝင်စတန် ချာချီ – birmană" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဝင်စတန် ချာချီ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birmană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D8%B1%DA%86%DB%8C%D9%84" title="چرچیل – mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="چرچیل" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill – napolitană" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Winston Churchill" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="napolitană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill – germana de jos" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Winston Churchill" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="germana de jos" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill – saxona de jos" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Winston Churchill" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="saxona de jos" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2" title="विन्स्टन चर्चिल – nepaleză" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="विन्स्टन चर्चिल" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepaleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2" title="विन्स्टन चर्चिल – newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="विन्स्टन चर्चिल" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill – neerlandeză" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Winston Churchill" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill – norvegiană nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Winston Churchill" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvegiană nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="articol bun"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill – norvegiană bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Winston Churchill" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegiană bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nqo mw-list-item"><a href="https://nqo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DF%A5%DF%8C%DF%B2%DF%9B%DF%91%DF%95%DF%90%DF%B2_%DF%97%DF%90%DF%97%DF%8C%DF%9F" title="ߥߌ߲ߛߑߕߐ߲ ߗߐߗߌߟ – n’ko" lang="nqo" hreflang="nqo" data-title="ߥߌ߲ߛߑߕߐ߲ ߗߐߗߌߟ" data-language-autonym="ߒߞߏ" data-language-local-name="n’ko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ߒߞߏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill – occitană" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Winston Churchill" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Winston Churchill" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%A8_%E0%A8%9A%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%9A%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B2" title="ਵਿੰਸਟਨ ਚਰਚਿਲ – punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਵਿੰਸਟਨ ਚਰਚਿਲ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill – papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Winston Churchill" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill – poloneză" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Winston Churchill" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poloneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Winston Churchill" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%B9%D9%86_%DA%86%D8%B1%DA%86%D9%84" title="ونسٹن چرچل – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ونسٹن چرچل" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%90%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%BC%D9%88%D9%86_%DA%86%D8%B1%DA%86%D9%84" title="وېنسټون چرچل – paștună" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="وېنسټون چرچل" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="paștună" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill – portugheză" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Winston Churchill" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugheză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill – quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Winston Churchill" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB%D1%8C,_%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Черчилль, Уинстон – rusă" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Черчилль, Уинстон" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rusă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%87%D1%96%D0%BB" title="Вінстон Черчіл – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Вінстон Черчіл" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2" title="विन्स्टन चर्चिल – sanscrită" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="विन्स्टन चर्चिल" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="sanscrită" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Уинстон Черчилль – sakha" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Уинстон Черчилль" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="sakha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A9%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%B1%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%B4%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%B1_%E1%B1%AA%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%AA%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%9E" title="ᱩᱭᱤᱱᱥᱴᱚᱱ ᱪᱟᱨᱪᱤᱞ – santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱩᱭᱤᱱᱥᱴᱚᱱ ᱪᱟᱨᱪᱤᱞ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill – siciliană" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Winston Churchill" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="siciliană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill – scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Winston Churchill" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%BD%D9%86_%DA%86%D8%B1%DA%86%D9%84" title="ونسٽن چرچل – sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ونسٽن چرچل" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill – sârbo-croată" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Winston Churchill" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="sârbo-croată" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%A7%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A_%E0%B6%A0%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%A0%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8A" title="වින්ස්ටන් චර්චිල් – singhaleză" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="වින්ස්ටන් චර්චිල්" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="singhaleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Winston Churchill" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="articol de calitate"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill – slovacă" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Winston Churchill" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovacă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill – slovenă" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Winston Churchill" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovenă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill – albaneză" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Winston Churchill" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albaneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BB" title="Винстон Черчил – sârbă" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Винстон Черчил" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="sârbă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill – sundaneză" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Winston Churchill" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundaneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill – suedeză" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Winston Churchill" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suedeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill – swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Winston Churchill" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Winston Churchill" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="வின்ஸ்டன் சர்ச்சில் – tamilă" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="வின்ஸ்டன் சர்ச்சில்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%A7%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BB" title="Уинстон Чирчил – tadjică" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Уинстон Чирчил" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadjică" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99_%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A5" title="วินสตัน เชอร์ชิล – thailandeză" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="วินสตัน เชอร์ชิล" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Winston Churchill" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uinston_Cercill" title="Uinston Cercill – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Uinston Cercill" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill – turcă" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Winston Churchill" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turcă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Уинстон Черчилль – tătară" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Уинстон Черчилль" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tătară" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="articol bun"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Вінстон Черчилль – ucraineană" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Вінстон Черчилль" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraineană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%B9%D9%86_%DA%86%D8%B1%DA%86%D9%84" title="ونسٹن چرچل – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ونسٹن چرچل" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill – uzbecă" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Winston Churchill" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbecă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill – venetă" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Winston Churchill" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="venetă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Cer%C4%8Dill%27_Uinston" title="Čerčill' Uinston – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Čerčill' Uinston" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill – vietnameză" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Winston Churchill" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnameză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill – volapuk" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Winston Churchill" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="volapuk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill – valonă" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Winston Churchill" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="valonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill – waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Winston Churchill" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B8%A9%E6%96%AF%E9%A1%BF%C2%B7%E4%B8%98%E5%90%89%E5%B0%94" title="温斯顿·丘吉尔 – chineză wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="温斯顿·丘吉尔" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="chineză wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A3%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C_%E1%83%A9%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A9%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="უინსტონ ჩერჩილი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="უინსტონ ჩერჩილი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%95%D7%95%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%90%D7%9F_%D7%98%D7%A9%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%98%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%9C" title="ווינסטאן טשערטשיל – idiș" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="ווינסטאן טשערטשיל" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="idiș" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill – yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Winston Churchill" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Winston Churchill" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B8%A9%E6%96%AF%E9%A1%BF%C2%B7%E4%B8%98%E5%90%89%E5%B0%94" title="温斯顿·丘吉尔 – chineză" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="温斯顿·丘吉尔" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chineză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%82%B1%E5%90%89%E7%88%BE" title="邱吉爾 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="邱吉爾" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill – chineză min nan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Winston Churchill" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="chineză min nan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%82%B1%E5%90%89%E7%88%BE" title="邱吉爾 – cantoneză" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="邱吉爾" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantoneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill – zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Winston Churchill" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q8016#sitelinks-wikipedia" 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data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">De la Wikipedia, enciclopedia liberă</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ro" dir="ltr"><table class="infocaseta"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="antet biografii" style="background-color:#E6E6FA;color:#000;">Winston Churchill</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Sir_Winston_Churchill_-_19086236948.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Sir_Winston_Churchill_-_19086236948.jpg/220px-Sir_Winston_Churchill_-_19086236948.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="274" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Sir_Winston_Churchill_-_19086236948.jpg/330px-Sir_Winston_Churchill_-_19086236948.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Sir_Winston_Churchill_-_19086236948.jpg/440px-Sir_Winston_Churchill_-_19086236948.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6036" data-file-height="7504" /></a></span><br /><div style="margin-top: 3px"></div><span><i>The Roaring Lion</i>, portret al lui Churchill din 1941</span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;background-color:#E6E6FA;color:#000;border-top-style: solid; border-color:#aaa; border-top-width: 1px; padding-top: 3px; padding-bottom: 3px">Date personale</th></tr><tr><th style=";">Nume la naștere</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><span lang="en">Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill</span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8016#P1449" title="Modificați la Wikidata"><img alt="Modificați la Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Poreclă</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><span lang="en">The pug</span>, <span lang="en">The Old Lion</span>, <span lang="fr">Le vieux Lion</span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8016#P1449" title="Modificați la Wikidata"><img alt="Modificați la Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Născut</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><time datetime="1874-11-30"><a href="/wiki/30_noiembrie" title="30 noiembrie">30 noiembrie</a> <a href="/wiki/1874" title="1874">1874</a></time><sup id="cite_ref-1b065a7fce627386a11223158b0c05e8_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1b065a7fce627386a11223158b0c05e8-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r16236537">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"„""”""«""»"}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}</style><sup id="cite_ref-f5c5d791db6ed060de96acc26b6bd4ac_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-f5c5d791db6ed060de96acc26b6bd4ac-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"><sup id="cite_ref-bcb9ef716f90982d5b1db4578ddb4c5f_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bcb9ef716f90982d5b1db4578ddb4c5f-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"><sup id="cite_ref-de3db3d774375485563502b1decdfa8b_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-de3db3d774375485563502b1decdfa8b-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"><sup id="cite_ref-20cc1faf8c43bf523f9c7cae2411278f_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20cc1faf8c43bf523f9c7cae2411278f-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8016#P569" title="Modificați la Wikidata"><img alt="Modificați la Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Blenheim" class="mw-disambig" title="Blenheim">Blenheim</a><sup><small>(<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4926036" class="extiw" title="d:Q4926036"><span title="Blenheim la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup>, <a href="/wiki/Anglia" title="Anglia">Anglia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Regatul_Unit_al_Marii_Britanii_%C8%99i_Irlandei" title="Regatul Unit al Marii Britanii și Irlandei">Regatul Unit al Marii Britanii și Irlandei</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8016#P19" title="Modificați la Wikidata"><img alt="Modificați la Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Decedat</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><time datetime="1965-01-24"><a href="/wiki/24_ianuarie" title="24 ianuarie">24 ianuarie</a> <a href="/wiki/1965" title="1965">1965</a></time> (90 de ani)<sup id="cite_ref-1b065a7fce627386a11223158b0c05e8_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1b065a7fce627386a11223158b0c05e8-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-f5c5d791db6ed060de96acc26b6bd4ac_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-f5c5d791db6ed060de96acc26b6bd4ac-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-bcb9ef716f90982d5b1db4578ddb4c5f_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bcb9ef716f90982d5b1db4578ddb4c5f-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-de3db3d774375485563502b1decdfa8b_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-de3db3d774375485563502b1decdfa8b-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20cc1faf8c43bf523f9c7cae2411278f_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20cc1faf8c43bf523f9c7cae2411278f-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8016#P570" title="Modificați la Wikidata"><img alt="Modificați la Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Londra_Mare" title="Londra Mare">Greater London</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anglia" title="Anglia">Anglia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Regatul_Unit_al_Marii_Britanii_%C8%99i_al_Irlandei_de_Nord" title="Regatul Unit al Marii Britanii și al Irlandei de Nord">Regatul Unit</a><sup id="cite_ref-a7a3e6f6f073866b65d7f4e14048947e_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-a7a3e6f6f073866b65d7f4e14048947e-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"><sup id="cite_ref-087c217be1c32d41bad8f549109feaf0_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-087c217be1c32d41bad8f549109feaf0-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8016#P20" title="Modificați la Wikidata"><img alt="Modificați la Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Înmormântat</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3967638" class="extiw" title="d:Q3967638"><span lang="en">St Martin's Church, Bladon</span></a><abbr title="Articolul încă nu există în acest wiki">[*]</abbr><span style="display:none">[[<span lang="en">St Martin's Church, Bladon</span> (church in Bladon near Woodstock, Oxfordshire, England, UK)|​]]</span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8016#P119" title="Modificați la Wikidata"><img alt="Modificați la Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Cauza decesului</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="/wiki/Moarte_din_cauze_naturale" title="Moarte din cauze naturale">cauze naturale</a> (<a href="/wiki/Accident_vascular_cerebral" title="Accident vascular cerebral">accident vascular cerebral</a>) <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8016#P509" title="Modificați la Wikidata"><img alt="Modificați la Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Părinți</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="/wiki/Randolph_Churchill" title="Randolph Churchill">Randolph Churchill</a><sup id="cite_ref-284649aeb1cfd23adb1ecee122d031d1_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-284649aeb1cfd23adb1ecee122d031d1-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"><sup id="cite_ref-e8848b02771b7cdc6b4961987093a40e_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-e8848b02771b7cdc6b4961987093a40e-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><a href="/wiki/Lady_Randolph_Churchill" title="Lady Randolph Churchill">Lady Randolph Churchill</a><sup id="cite_ref-284649aeb1cfd23adb1ecee122d031d1_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-284649aeb1cfd23adb1ecee122d031d1-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8016#P22" title="Modificați la Wikidata"><img alt="Modificați la Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Frați și surori</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q721915" class="extiw" title="d:Q721915">John Strange Spencer-Churchill</a><abbr title="Articolul încă nu există în acest wiki">[*]</abbr><span style="display:none"><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Strange_Spencer-Churchill_(ofi%C8%9Ber_militar_sudafrican)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Strange Spencer-Churchill (ofițer militar sudafrican) — pagină inexistentă">​</a></span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8016#P3373" title="Modificați la Wikidata"><img alt="Modificați la Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Căsătorit cu</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q263454" class="extiw" title="d:Q263454"><span lang="en">Clementine Churchill</span></a><abbr title="Articolul încă nu există în acest wiki">[*]</abbr><span style="display:none">[[<span lang="en">Clementine Churchill</span> (Wife of Winston Churchill and life peer (1885–1977))|​]]</span><small> (<time datetime="1908-09-12">12 septembrie 1908</time>–<time datetime="1965-01-24">24 ianuarie 1965</time>)</small><sup id="cite_ref-284649aeb1cfd23adb1ecee122d031d1_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-284649aeb1cfd23adb1ecee122d031d1-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-e8848b02771b7cdc6b4961987093a40e_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-e8848b02771b7cdc6b4961987093a40e-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8016#P26" title="Modificați la Wikidata"><img alt="Modificați la Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Copii</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5271122" class="extiw" title="d:Q5271122">Diana Churchill</a><abbr title="Articolul încă nu există în acest wiki">[*]</abbr><span style="display:none"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diana_Churchill_(fiica_lui_Winston_Churchill)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Diana Churchill (fiica lui Winston Churchill) — pagină inexistentă">​</a></span><sup id="cite_ref-284649aeb1cfd23adb1ecee122d031d1_14-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-284649aeb1cfd23adb1ecee122d031d1-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5ee1647bb4bbd8e1e8388b8b9fa840bf_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5ee1647bb4bbd8e1e8388b8b9fa840bf-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"><br /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183105" class="extiw" title="d:Q183105"><span lang="en">Randolph Churchill</span></a><abbr title="Articolul încă nu există în acest wiki">[*]</abbr><span style="display:none">[[<span lang="en">Randolph Churchill</span> (British politician, son of British Prime Minister Winston Churchill (1911-1968))|​]]</span><sup id="cite_ref-5ee1647bb4bbd8e1e8388b8b9fa840bf_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5ee1647bb4bbd8e1e8388b8b9fa840bf-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-284649aeb1cfd23adb1ecee122d031d1_14-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-284649aeb1cfd23adb1ecee122d031d1-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-e8848b02771b7cdc6b4961987093a40e_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-e8848b02771b7cdc6b4961987093a40e-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2405785" class="extiw" title="d:Q2405785"><span lang="en">Sarah Churchill</span></a><abbr title="Articolul încă nu există în acest wiki">[*]</abbr><span style="display:none">[[<span lang="en">Sarah Churchill</span> (British actress and dancer (1914-1982))|​]]</span><sup id="cite_ref-5ee1647bb4bbd8e1e8388b8b9fa840bf_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5ee1647bb4bbd8e1e8388b8b9fa840bf-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-284649aeb1cfd23adb1ecee122d031d1_14-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-284649aeb1cfd23adb1ecee122d031d1-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-e8848b02771b7cdc6b4961987093a40e_6-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-e8848b02771b7cdc6b4961987093a40e-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13408289" class="extiw" title="d:Q13408289"><span lang="en">Marigold Churchill</span></a><abbr title="Articolul încă nu există în acest wiki">[*]</abbr><span style="display:none">[[<span lang="en">Marigold Churchill</span> (daughter of Sir Winston Leonard Spencer-Churchill)|​]]</span><sup id="cite_ref-284649aeb1cfd23adb1ecee122d031d1_14-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-284649aeb1cfd23adb1ecee122d031d1-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5ee1647bb4bbd8e1e8388b8b9fa840bf_15-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5ee1647bb4bbd8e1e8388b8b9fa840bf-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q508525" class="extiw" title="d:Q508525"><span lang="en">Mary Soames</span></a><abbr title="Articolul încă nu există în acest wiki">[*]</abbr><span style="display:none">[[<span lang="en">Mary Soames</span> (British aristocrat (1922–2014); daughter of Winston Churchill and Clementine Hozier)|​]]</span><sup id="cite_ref-5ee1647bb4bbd8e1e8388b8b9fa840bf_15-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5ee1647bb4bbd8e1e8388b8b9fa840bf-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-284649aeb1cfd23adb1ecee122d031d1_14-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-284649aeb1cfd23adb1ecee122d031d1-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-e8848b02771b7cdc6b4961987093a40e_6-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-e8848b02771b7cdc6b4961987093a40e-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8016#P40" title="Modificați la Wikidata"><img alt="Modificați la Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Cetățenie</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_(3-5).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Regatul_Unit_al_Marii_Britanii_%C8%99i_al_Irlandei_de_Nord" title="Regatul Unit al Marii Britanii și al Irlandei de Nord">Regatul Unit</a><sup id="cite_ref-ee5756328d47bb9367505bebe3a33598_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ee5756328d47bb9367505bebe3a33598-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"><sup id="cite_ref-e8848b02771b7cdc6b4961987093a40e_6-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-e8848b02771b7cdc6b4961987093a40e-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_(1-2).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281-2%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281-2%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281-2%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281-2%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281-2%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281-2%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Regatul_Unit_al_Marii_Britanii_%C8%99i_Irlandei" title="Regatul Unit al Marii Britanii și Irlandei">Regatul Unit al Marii Britanii și Irlandei</a><small> (–<time datetime="1927-04-12">12 aprilie 1927</time>)</small> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8016#P27" title="Modificați la Wikidata"><img alt="Modificați la Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Religie</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="/wiki/Biserica_Anglican%C4%83" title="Biserica Anglicană">Biserica Anglicană</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8016#P140" title="Modificați la Wikidata"><img alt="Modificați la Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Ocupație</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="/wiki/Politician" title="Politician">politician</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Istoric" title="Istoric">istoric</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8016#P106" title="Modificați la Wikidata"><img alt="Modificați la Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Locul desfășurării activității</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="/wiki/Londra" title="Londra">Londra</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8016#P937" title="Modificați la Wikidata"><img alt="Modificați la Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Limbi vorbite</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="/wiki/Limba_englez%C4%83" title="Limba engleză">limba engleză</a><sup id="cite_ref-bcb9ef716f90982d5b1db4578ddb4c5f_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bcb9ef716f90982d5b1db4578ddb4c5f-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7b57188bc0d7f319161273f241f2c260_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7b57188bc0d7f319161273f241f2c260-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"><br /><a href="/wiki/Limba_francez%C4%83" title="Limba franceză">limba franceză</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8016#P1412" title="Modificați la Wikidata"><img alt="Modificați la Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;background-color:#E6E6FA;color:#000;border-top-style: solid; border-color:#aaa; border-top-width: 1px; padding-top: 3px; padding-bottom: 3px"> <span lang="en">member of the 42nd Parliament of the United Kingdom</span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8016#P39" title="Modificați la Wikidata"><img alt="Modificați la Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;;"><b>În funcție</b><br /><time datetime="1959-10-08">8 octombrie 1959</time> – <time datetime="1964-09-25">25 septembrie 1964</time><sup id="cite_ref-566ccb73879bea71c3c9df7abc05eb55_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-566ccb73879bea71c3c9df7abc05eb55-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Circumscripția</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8032646" class="extiw" title="d:Q8032646"><span lang="en">Woodford</span></a><abbr title="Articolul încă nu există în acest wiki">[*]</abbr><span style="display:none">[[<span lang="en">Woodford</span> (Parliamentary constituency in the United Kingdom, 1945-1964)|​]]</span></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Legislatură</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21084459" class="extiw" title="d:Q21084459"><span lang="en">42nd Parliament of the United Kingdom</span></a><abbr title="Articolul încă nu există în acest wiki">[*]</abbr><span style="display:none">[[<span lang="en">42nd Parliament of the United Kingdom</span> (Parliament of the United Kingdom, 1959-1964)|​]]</span></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Grup parlamentar</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="/wiki/Partidul_Conservator_(Regatul_Unit)" title="Partidul Conservator (Regatul Unit)">Partidul Conservator</a></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Ales în</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q918420" class="extiw" title="d:Q918420"><span lang="en">1959 United Kingdom general election</span></a><abbr title="Articolul încă nu există în acest wiki">[*]</abbr><span style="display:none">[[<span lang="en">1959 United Kingdom general election</span> (general election held in the United Kingdom)|​]]</span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;background-color:#E6E6FA;color:#000;border-top-style: solid; border-color:#aaa; border-top-width: 1px; padding-top: 3px; padding-bottom: 3px"> <span lang="en">member of the 41st Parliament of the United Kingdom</span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8016#P39" title="Modificați la Wikidata"><img alt="Modificați la Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;;"><b>În funcție</b><br /><time datetime="1955-05-26">26 mai 1955</time> – <time datetime="1959-09-18">18 septembrie 1959</time><sup id="cite_ref-566ccb73879bea71c3c9df7abc05eb55_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-566ccb73879bea71c3c9df7abc05eb55-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Circumscripția</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8032646" class="extiw" title="d:Q8032646"><span lang="en">Woodford</span></a><abbr title="Articolul încă nu există în acest wiki">[*]</abbr><span style="display:none">[[<span lang="en">Woodford</span> (Parliamentary constituency in the United Kingdom, 1945-1964)|​]]</span></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Legislatură</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21084458" class="extiw" title="d:Q21084458"><span lang="en">41st Parliament of the United Kingdom</span></a><abbr title="Articolul încă nu există în acest wiki">[*]</abbr><span style="display:none">[[<span lang="en">41st Parliament of the United Kingdom</span> (Parliament of the United Kingdom, 1955-1959)|​]]</span></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Grup parlamentar</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="/wiki/Partidul_Conservator_(Regatul_Unit)" title="Partidul Conservator (Regatul Unit)">Partidul Conservator</a></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Ales în</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q918412" class="extiw" title="d:Q918412"><span lang="en">1955 United Kingdom general election</span></a><abbr title="Articolul încă nu există în acest wiki">[*]</abbr><span style="display:none">[[<span lang="en">1955 United Kingdom general election</span> (general election held in the United Kingdom)|​]]</span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;background-color:#E6E6FA;color:#000;border-top-style: solid; border-color:#aaa; border-top-width: 1px; padding-top: 3px; padding-bottom: 3px"> Secretar de stat pentru apărare <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8016#P39" title="Modificați la Wikidata"><img alt="Modificați la Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;;"><b>În funcție</b><br /><time datetime="1951-10-28">28 octombrie 1951</time> – <time datetime="1952-03-01">1 martie 1952</time></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Precedat de</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333582" class="extiw" title="d:Q333582"><span lang="en">Manny Shinwell</span></a><abbr title="Articolul încă nu există în acest wiki">[*]</abbr><span style="display:none">[[<span lang="en">Manny Shinwell</span> (politician britanic)|​]]</span></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Succedat de</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="/wiki/Harold_Alexander" title="Harold Alexander">Harold Alexander</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;;"><b>În funcție</b><br /><time datetime="1940-05-10">10 mai 1940</time> – <time datetime="1945-07-26">26 iulie 1945</time></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Precedat de</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2291802" class="extiw" title="d:Q2291802"><span lang="en">Ernle Chatfield, 1st Baron Chatfield</span></a><abbr title="Articolul încă nu există în acest wiki">[*]</abbr><span style="display:none">[[<span lang="en">Ernle Chatfield, 1st Baron Chatfield</span> (Royal Navy admiral of the fleet (1873-1967))|​]]</span></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Succedat de</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="/wiki/Clement_Attlee" title="Clement Attlee">Clement Attlee</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;background-color:#E6E6FA;color:#000;border-top-style: solid; border-color:#aaa; border-top-width: 1px; padding-top: 3px; padding-bottom: 3px"> <a href="/wiki/Prim-ministrul_Regatului_Unit" title="Prim-ministrul Regatului Unit">Prim-ministru al Regatului Unit</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8016#P39" title="Modificați la Wikidata"><img alt="Modificați la Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;;"><b>În funcție</b><br /><time datetime="1951-10-26">26 octombrie 1951</time> – <time datetime="1955-04-05">5 aprilie 1955</time></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Guvern</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16934480" class="extiw" title="d:Q16934480"><span lang="en">Third Churchill ministry</span></a><abbr title="Articolul încă nu există în acest wiki">[*]</abbr><span style="display:none">[[<span lang="en">Third Churchill ministry</span> (UK government, 1951–1955)|​]]</span></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Precedat de</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="/wiki/Clement_Attlee" title="Clement Attlee">Clement Attlee</a></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Succedat de</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Eden" title="Anthony Eden">Anthony Eden</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;;"><b>În funcție</b><br /><time datetime="1940-05-10">10 mai 1940</time> – <time datetime="1945-07-26">26 iulie 1945</time></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Precedat de</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="/wiki/Neville_Chamberlain" title="Neville Chamberlain">Neville Chamberlain</a></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Succedat de</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="/wiki/Clement_Attlee" title="Clement Attlee">Clement Attlee</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;background-color:#E6E6FA;color:#000;border-top-style: solid; border-color:#aaa; border-top-width: 1px; padding-top: 3px; padding-bottom: 3px"> <span lang="en">member of the 40th Parliament of the United Kingdom</span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8016#P39" title="Modificați la Wikidata"><img alt="Modificați la Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;;"><b>În funcție</b><br /><time datetime="1951-10-25">25 octombrie 1951</time> – <time datetime="1955-05-06">6 mai 1955</time><sup id="cite_ref-566ccb73879bea71c3c9df7abc05eb55_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-566ccb73879bea71c3c9df7abc05eb55-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Circumscripția</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8032646" class="extiw" title="d:Q8032646"><span lang="en">Woodford</span></a><abbr title="Articolul încă nu există în acest wiki">[*]</abbr><span style="display:none">[[<span lang="en">Woodford</span> (Parliamentary constituency in the United Kingdom, 1945-1964)|​]]</span></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Legislatură</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21084457" class="extiw" title="d:Q21084457"><span lang="en">40th Parliament of the United Kingdom</span></a><abbr title="Articolul încă nu există în acest wiki">[*]</abbr><span style="display:none">[[<span lang="en">40th Parliament of the United Kingdom</span> (Parliament of the United Kingdom, 1951-1955)|​]]</span></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Grup parlamentar</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="/wiki/Partidul_Conservator_(Regatul_Unit)" title="Partidul Conservator (Regatul Unit)">Partidul Conservator</a></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Ales în</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3722280" class="extiw" title="d:Q3722280"><span lang="en">1951 United Kingdom general election</span></a><abbr title="Articolul încă nu există în acest wiki">[*]</abbr><span style="display:none">[[<span lang="en">1951 United Kingdom general election</span> (general election held in the United Kingdom)|​]]</span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;background-color:#E6E6FA;color:#000;border-top-style: solid; border-color:#aaa; border-top-width: 1px; padding-top: 3px; padding-bottom: 3px"> <span lang="en">member of the 39th Parliament of the United Kingdom</span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8016#P39" title="Modificați la Wikidata"><img alt="Modificați la Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;;"><b>În funcție</b><br /><time datetime="1950-02-23">23 februarie 1950</time> – <time datetime="1951-10-05">5 octombrie 1951</time><sup id="cite_ref-566ccb73879bea71c3c9df7abc05eb55_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-566ccb73879bea71c3c9df7abc05eb55-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Circumscripția</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8032646" class="extiw" title="d:Q8032646"><span lang="en">Woodford</span></a><abbr title="Articolul încă nu există în acest wiki">[*]</abbr><span style="display:none">[[<span lang="en">Woodford</span> (Parliamentary constituency in the United Kingdom, 1945-1964)|​]]</span></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Legislatură</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21084456" class="extiw" title="d:Q21084456"><span lang="en">39th Parliament of the United Kingdom</span></a><abbr title="Articolul încă nu există în acest wiki">[*]</abbr><span style="display:none">[[<span lang="en">39th Parliament of the United Kingdom</span> (Parliament of the United Kingdom, 1950-1951)|​]]</span></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Grup parlamentar</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="/wiki/Partidul_Conservator_(Regatul_Unit)" title="Partidul Conservator (Regatul Unit)">Partidul Conservator</a></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Ales în</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q748667" class="extiw" title="d:Q748667"><span lang="en">1950 United Kingdom general election</span></a><abbr title="Articolul încă nu există în acest wiki">[*]</abbr><span style="display:none">[[<span lang="en">1950 United Kingdom general election</span> (general election held in the United Kingdom)|​]]</span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;background-color:#E6E6FA;color:#000;border-top-style: solid; border-color:#aaa; border-top-width: 1px; padding-top: 3px; padding-bottom: 3px"> Reprezentant al Adunării Parlamentare a Consiliului Europei <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8016#P39" title="Modificați la Wikidata"><img alt="Modificați la Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;;"><b>În funcție</b><br /><time datetime="1949-08-13">13 august 1949</time> – <time datetime="1951-11-26">26 noiembrie 1951</time></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;background-color:#E6E6FA;color:#000;border-top-style: solid; border-color:#aaa; border-top-width: 1px; padding-top: 3px; padding-bottom: 3px"> Lider al Opoziției în Camera Comunelor a Regatului Unit <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8016#P39" title="Modificați la Wikidata"><img alt="Modificați la Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;;"><b>În funcție</b><br /><time datetime="1945-07-26">26 iulie 1945</time> – <time datetime="1951-10-26">26 octombrie 1951</time></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Precedat de</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="/wiki/Clement_Attlee" title="Clement Attlee">Clement Attlee</a></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Succedat de</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="/wiki/Clement_Attlee" title="Clement Attlee">Clement Attlee</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;background-color:#E6E6FA;color:#000;border-top-style: solid; border-color:#aaa; border-top-width: 1px; padding-top: 3px; padding-bottom: 3px"> <span lang="en">member of the 38th Parliament of the United Kingdom</span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8016#P39" title="Modificați la Wikidata"><img alt="Modificați la Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;;"><b>În funcție</b><br /><time datetime="1945-07-05">5 iulie 1945</time> – <time datetime="1950-02-03">3 februarie 1950</time><sup id="cite_ref-566ccb73879bea71c3c9df7abc05eb55_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-566ccb73879bea71c3c9df7abc05eb55-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Circumscripția</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8032646" class="extiw" title="d:Q8032646"><span lang="en">Woodford</span></a><abbr title="Articolul încă nu există în acest wiki">[*]</abbr><span style="display:none">[[<span lang="en">Woodford</span> (Parliamentary constituency in the United Kingdom, 1945-1964)|​]]</span></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Legislatură</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21084455" class="extiw" title="d:Q21084455"><span lang="en">38th Parliament of the United Kingdom</span></a><abbr title="Articolul încă nu există în acest wiki">[*]</abbr><span style="display:none">[[<span lang="en">38th Parliament of the United Kingdom</span> (Parliament of the United Kingdom, 1945-1950)|​]]</span></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Grup parlamentar</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="/wiki/Partidul_Conservator_(Regatul_Unit)" title="Partidul Conservator (Regatul Unit)">Partidul Conservator</a></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Ales în</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q918397" class="extiw" title="d:Q918397">Alegeri generale în Regatul Unit, 1945</a><abbr title="Articolul încă nu există în acest wiki">[*]</abbr><span style="display:none"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alegeri_generale_%C3%AEn_Regatul_Unit,_1945_(national_election_in_the_United_Kingdom)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alegeri generale în Regatul Unit, 1945 (national election in the United Kingdom) — pagină inexistentă">​</a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;background-color:#E6E6FA;color:#000;border-top-style: solid; border-color:#aaa; border-top-width: 1px; padding-top: 3px; padding-bottom: 3px"> <span lang="en">Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports</span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8016#P39" title="Modificați la Wikidata"><img alt="Modificați la Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;;"><b>În funcție</b><br /><time datetime="1941-10-28">28 octombrie 1941</time> – <time datetime="1965-01-24">24 ianuarie 1965</time><sup id="cite_ref-efc9168b6327ad38291ea280c81e7104_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-efc9168b6327ad38291ea280c81e7104-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"><sup id="cite_ref-299a20a71baa014ae97fbc6b0c3e450f_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-299a20a71baa014ae97fbc6b0c3e450f-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;background-color:#E6E6FA;color:#000;border-top-style: solid; border-color:#aaa; border-top-width: 1px; padding-top: 3px; padding-bottom: 3px"> Șef al Partidului Conservator <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8016#P39" title="Modificați la Wikidata"><img alt="Modificați la Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;;"><b>În funcție</b><br /><time datetime="1940-11-09">9 noiembrie 1940</time> – <time datetime="1955-04-06">6 aprilie 1955</time></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Precedat de</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="/wiki/Neville_Chamberlain" title="Neville Chamberlain">Neville Chamberlain</a></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Succedat de</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Eden" title="Anthony Eden">Anthony Eden</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;background-color:#E6E6FA;color:#000;border-top-style: solid; border-color:#aaa; border-top-width: 1px; padding-top: 3px; padding-bottom: 3px"> Lider al Camerei Comunelor <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8016#P39" title="Modificați la Wikidata"><img alt="Modificați la Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;;"><b>În funcție</b><br /><time datetime="1940-05-10">10 mai 1940</time> – <time datetime="1942-02-19">19 februarie 1942</time></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Precedat de</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="/wiki/Neville_Chamberlain" title="Neville Chamberlain">Neville Chamberlain</a></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Succedat de</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q332405" class="extiw" title="d:Q332405"><span lang="en">Stafford Cripps</span></a><abbr title="Articolul încă nu există în acest wiki">[*]</abbr><span style="display:none">[[<span lang="en">Stafford Cripps</span> (politician britanic)|​]]</span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;background-color:#E6E6FA;color:#000;border-top-style: solid; border-color:#aaa; border-top-width: 1px; padding-top: 3px; padding-bottom: 3px"> <span lang="en">colonel</span> în <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3091157" class="extiw" title="d:Q3091157"><span lang="en">Royal Scots Fusiliers</span></a><abbr title="Articolul încă nu există în acest wiki">[*]</abbr><span style="display:none">[[<span lang="en">Royal Scots Fusiliers</span> (military unit of the British Army)|​]]</span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8016#P39" title="Modificați la Wikidata"><img alt="Modificați la Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;;background-color: #eeeeff;">Deținător actual</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;;"><b>Funcție asumată</b><br /><time datetime="1940-01-24">24 ianuarie 1940</time><sup id="cite_ref-225ce1a051cddb511fd934d3f236a500_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-225ce1a051cddb511fd934d3f236a500-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;background-color:#E6E6FA;color:#000;border-top-style: solid; border-color:#aaa; border-top-width: 1px; padding-top: 3px; padding-bottom: 3px"> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21561383" class="extiw" title="d:Q21561383"><span lang="en">First Lord of the Admiralty</span></a><abbr title="Articolul încă nu există în acest wiki">[*]</abbr><span style="display:none">[[<span lang="en">First Lord of the Admiralty</span> (political head of the Royal Navy)|​]]</span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8016#P39" title="Modificați la Wikidata"><img alt="Modificați la Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;;"><b>În funcție</b><br /><time datetime="1939-09-03">3 septembrie 1939</time> – <time datetime="1940-05-11">11 mai 1940</time></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Precedat de</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6143495" class="extiw" title="d:Q6143495">James Stanhope</a><abbr title="Articolul încă nu există în acest wiki">[*]</abbr><span style="display:none"><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Stanhope_(British_politician_(1880-1967))&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="James Stanhope (British politician (1880-1967)) — pagină inexistentă">​</a></span></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Succedat de</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q964833" class="extiw" title="d:Q964833"><span lang="en">A. V. Alexander, 1st Earl Alexander of Hillsborough</span></a><abbr title="Articolul încă nu există în acest wiki">[*]</abbr><span style="display:none">[[<span lang="en">A. V. Alexander, 1st Earl Alexander of Hillsborough</span> (British Labour Co-operative politician (1885-1965))|​]]</span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;;"><b>În funcție</b><br /><time datetime="1911-10-24">24 octombrie 1911</time> – <time datetime="1915-05-25">25 mai 1915</time></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Precedat de</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333710" class="extiw" title="d:Q333710"><span lang="en">Reginald McKenna</span></a><abbr title="Articolul încă nu există în acest wiki">[*]</abbr><span style="display:none">[[<span lang="en">Reginald McKenna</span> (British banker and Liberal politician (1863-1943))|​]]</span></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Succedat de</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19008" class="extiw" title="d:Q19008">Arthur Balfour</a><abbr title="Articolul încă nu există în acest wiki">[*]</abbr><span style="display:none"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arthur_Balfour_(British_Prime_Minister,_Conservative_politician,_and_statesman_(1848-1930))&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arthur Balfour (British Prime Minister, Conservative politician, and statesman (1848-1930)) — pagină inexistentă">​</a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;background-color:#E6E6FA;color:#000;border-top-style: solid; border-color:#aaa; border-top-width: 1px; padding-top: 3px; padding-bottom: 3px"> <span lang="en">member of the 37th Parliament of the United Kingdom</span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8016#P39" title="Modificați la Wikidata"><img alt="Modificați la Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;;"><b>În funcție</b><br /><time datetime="1935-11-14">14 noiembrie 1935</time> – <time datetime="1945-06-15">15 iunie 1945</time><sup id="cite_ref-566ccb73879bea71c3c9df7abc05eb55_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-566ccb73879bea71c3c9df7abc05eb55-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Circumscripția</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5383866" class="extiw" title="d:Q5383866"><span lang="en">Epping</span></a><abbr title="Articolul încă nu există în acest wiki">[*]</abbr><span style="display:none">[[<span lang="en">Epping</span> (Parliamentary constituency in the United Kingdom, 1885-1974)|​]]</span></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Legislatură</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21084454" class="extiw" title="d:Q21084454"><span lang="en">37th Parliament of the United Kingdom</span></a><abbr title="Articolul încă nu există în acest wiki">[*]</abbr><span style="display:none">[[<span lang="en">37th Parliament of the United Kingdom</span> (Parliament of the United Kingdom, 1935-1945)|​]]</span></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Grup parlamentar</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="/wiki/Partidul_Conservator_(Regatul_Unit)" title="Partidul Conservator (Regatul Unit)">Partidul Conservator</a></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Ales în</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q918378" class="extiw" title="d:Q918378"><span lang="en">1935 United Kingdom general election</span></a><abbr title="Articolul încă nu există în acest wiki">[*]</abbr><span style="display:none">[[<span lang="en">1935 United Kingdom general election</span> (national election in the United Kingdom)|​]]</span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;background-color:#E6E6FA;color:#000;border-top-style: solid; border-color:#aaa; border-top-width: 1px; padding-top: 3px; padding-bottom: 3px"> <span lang="en">member of the 36th Parliament of the United Kingdom</span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8016#P39" title="Modificați la Wikidata"><img alt="Modificați la Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;;"><b>În funcție</b><br /><time datetime="1931-10-27">27 octombrie 1931</time> – <time datetime="1935-10-25">25 octombrie 1935</time><sup id="cite_ref-566ccb73879bea71c3c9df7abc05eb55_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-566ccb73879bea71c3c9df7abc05eb55-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Circumscripția</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5383866" class="extiw" title="d:Q5383866"><span lang="en">Epping</span></a><abbr title="Articolul încă nu există în acest wiki">[*]</abbr><span style="display:none">[[<span lang="en">Epping</span> (Parliamentary constituency in the United Kingdom, 1885-1974)|​]]</span></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Legislatură</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21084453" class="extiw" title="d:Q21084453"><span lang="en">36th Parliament of the United Kingdom</span></a><abbr title="Articolul încă nu există în acest wiki">[*]</abbr><span style="display:none">[[<span lang="en">36th Parliament of the United Kingdom</span> (Parliament of the United Kingdom, 1931-1935)|​]]</span></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Grup parlamentar</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="/wiki/Partidul_Conservator_(Regatul_Unit)" title="Partidul Conservator (Regatul Unit)">Partidul Conservator</a></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Ales în</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q918375" class="extiw" title="d:Q918375"><span lang="en">1931 United Kingdom general election</span></a><abbr title="Articolul încă nu există în acest wiki">[*]</abbr><span style="display:none">[[<span lang="en">1931 United Kingdom general election</span> (general election in the UK)|​]]</span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;background-color:#E6E6FA;color:#000;border-top-style: solid; border-color:#aaa; border-top-width: 1px; padding-top: 3px; padding-bottom: 3px"> <span lang="en">member of the 35th Parliament of the United Kingdom</span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8016#P39" title="Modificați la Wikidata"><img alt="Modificați la Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;;"><b>În funcție</b><br /><time datetime="1929-05-30">30 mai 1929</time> – <time datetime="1931-10-07">7 octombrie 1931</time><sup id="cite_ref-566ccb73879bea71c3c9df7abc05eb55_1-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-566ccb73879bea71c3c9df7abc05eb55-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Circumscripția</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5383866" class="extiw" title="d:Q5383866"><span lang="en">Epping</span></a><abbr title="Articolul încă nu există în acest wiki">[*]</abbr><span style="display:none">[[<span lang="en">Epping</span> (Parliamentary constituency in the United Kingdom, 1885-1974)|​]]</span></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Legislatură</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21084452" class="extiw" title="d:Q21084452"><span lang="en">35th Parliament of the United Kingdom</span></a><abbr title="Articolul încă nu există în acest wiki">[*]</abbr><span style="display:none">[[<span lang="en">35th Parliament of the United Kingdom</span> (Parliament of the United Kingdom, 1929-1931)|​]]</span></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Grup parlamentar</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="/wiki/Partidul_Conservator_(Regatul_Unit)" title="Partidul Conservator (Regatul Unit)">Partidul Conservator</a></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Ales în</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q517639" class="extiw" title="d:Q517639"><span lang="en">1929 United Kingdom general election</span></a><abbr title="Articolul încă nu există în acest wiki">[*]</abbr><span style="display:none">[[<span lang="en">1929 United Kingdom general election</span> (general election in the United Kingdom)|​]]</span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;background-color:#E6E6FA;color:#000;border-top-style: solid; border-color:#aaa; border-top-width: 1px; padding-top: 3px; padding-bottom: 3px"> Ministrul de Finanțe al Regatului Unit <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8016#P39" title="Modificați la Wikidata"><img alt="Modificați la Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;;"><b>În funcție</b><br /><time datetime="1924-11-06">6 noiembrie 1924</time> – <time datetime="1929-06-04">4 iunie 1929</time></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Precedat de</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q337483" class="extiw" title="d:Q337483"><span lang="en">Philip Snowden, 1st Viscount Snowden</span></a><abbr title="Articolul încă nu există în acest wiki">[*]</abbr><span style="display:none">[[<span lang="en">Philip Snowden, 1st Viscount Snowden</span> (politician britanic)|​]]</span></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Succedat de</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q337483" class="extiw" title="d:Q337483"><span lang="en">Philip Snowden, 1st Viscount Snowden</span></a><abbr title="Articolul încă nu există în acest wiki">[*]</abbr><span style="display:none">[[<span lang="en">Philip Snowden, 1st Viscount Snowden</span> (politician britanic)|​]]</span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;background-color:#E6E6FA;color:#000;border-top-style: solid; border-color:#aaa; border-top-width: 1px; padding-top: 3px; padding-bottom: 3px"> <span lang="en">member of the 34th Parliament of the United Kingdom</span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8016#P39" title="Modificați la Wikidata"><img alt="Modificați la Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;;"><b>În funcție</b><br /><time datetime="1924-10-29">29 octombrie 1924</time> – <time datetime="1929-05-10">10 mai 1929</time><sup id="cite_ref-566ccb73879bea71c3c9df7abc05eb55_1-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-566ccb73879bea71c3c9df7abc05eb55-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Circumscripția</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5383866" class="extiw" title="d:Q5383866"><span lang="en">Epping</span></a><abbr title="Articolul încă nu există în acest wiki">[*]</abbr><span style="display:none">[[<span lang="en">Epping</span> (Parliamentary constituency in the United Kingdom, 1885-1974)|​]]</span></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Legislatură</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21084451" class="extiw" title="d:Q21084451"><span lang="en">34th Parliament of the United Kingdom</span></a><abbr title="Articolul încă nu există în acest wiki">[*]</abbr><span style="display:none">[[<span lang="en">34th Parliament of the United Kingdom</span> (Parliament of the United Kingdom, 1924-1929)|​]]</span></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Grup parlamentar</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="/wiki/Partidul_Conservator_(Regatul_Unit)" title="Partidul Conservator (Regatul Unit)">Partidul Conservator</a></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Ales în</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2632991" class="extiw" title="d:Q2632991"><span lang="en">1924 United Kingdom general election</span></a><abbr title="Articolul încă nu există în acest wiki">[*]</abbr><span style="display:none">[[<span lang="en">1924 United Kingdom general election</span> (1924 elections in the UK)|​]]</span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;background-color:#E6E6FA;color:#000;border-top-style: solid; border-color:#aaa; border-top-width: 1px; padding-top: 3px; padding-bottom: 3px"> <span lang="en">Secretary of State for the Colonies</span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8016#P39" title="Modificați la Wikidata"><img alt="Modificați la Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;;"><b>În funcție</b><br /><time datetime="1921-02-13">13 februarie 1921</time> – <time datetime="1922-10-19">19 octombrie 1922</time></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Precedat de</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q356361" class="extiw" title="d:Q356361"><span lang="en">Alfred Milner, 1st Viscount Milner</span></a><abbr title="Articolul încă nu există în acest wiki">[*]</abbr><span style="display:none">[[<span lang="en">Alfred Milner, 1st Viscount Milner</span> (British statesman and colonial administrator (1854-1925))|​]]</span></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Succedat de</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2411883" class="extiw" title="d:Q2411883"><span lang="en">Victor Cavendish, 9th Duke of Devonshire</span></a><abbr title="Articolul încă nu există în acest wiki">[*]</abbr><span style="display:none">[[<span lang="en">Victor Cavendish, 9th Duke of Devonshire</span> (politician britanic)|​]]</span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;background-color:#E6E6FA;color:#000;border-top-style: solid; border-color:#aaa; border-top-width: 1px; padding-top: 3px; padding-bottom: 3px"> Secretar de stat pentru război <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8016#P39" title="Modificați la Wikidata"><img alt="Modificați la Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;;"><b>În funcție</b><br /><time datetime="1919-01-10">10 ianuarie 1919</time> – <time datetime="1921-02-13">13 februarie 1921</time></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Precedat de</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q356361" class="extiw" title="d:Q356361"><span lang="en">Alfred Milner, 1st Viscount Milner</span></a><abbr title="Articolul încă nu există în acest wiki">[*]</abbr><span style="display:none">[[<span lang="en">Alfred Milner, 1st Viscount Milner</span> (British statesman and colonial administrator (1854-1925))|​]]</span></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Succedat de</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7528241" class="extiw" title="d:Q7528241"><span lang="en">Sir Laming Worthington-Evans, 1st Baronet</span></a><abbr title="Articolul încă nu există în acest wiki">[*]</abbr><span style="display:none">[[<span lang="en">Sir Laming Worthington-Evans, 1st Baronet</span> (politician britanic)|​]]</span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;background-color:#E6E6FA;color:#000;border-top-style: solid; border-color:#aaa; border-top-width: 1px; padding-top: 3px; padding-bottom: 3px"> <span lang="en">Secretary of State for Air</span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8016#P39" title="Modificați la Wikidata"><img alt="Modificați la Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;;"><b>În funcție</b><br /><time datetime="1919-01-10">10 ianuarie 1919</time> – <time datetime="1921-02-13">13 februarie 1921</time></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Precedat de</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8020153" class="extiw" title="d:Q8020153"><span lang="en">William Weir, 1st Viscount Weir</span></a><abbr title="Articolul încă nu există în acest wiki">[*]</abbr><span style="display:none">[[<span lang="en">William Weir, 1st Viscount Weir</span> (British viscount (1877-1959))|​]]</span></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Succedat de</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3425074" class="extiw" title="d:Q3425074"><span lang="en">Frederick Guest</span></a><abbr title="Articolul încă nu există în acest wiki">[*]</abbr><span style="display:none">[[<span lang="en">Frederick Guest</span> (politician britanic)|​]]</span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;background-color:#E6E6FA;color:#000;border-top-style: solid; border-color:#aaa; border-top-width: 1px; padding-top: 3px; padding-bottom: 3px"> <span lang="en">member of the 31st Parliament of the United Kingdom</span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8016#P39" title="Modificați la Wikidata"><img alt="Modificați la Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;;"><b>În funcție</b><br /><time datetime="1918-12-14">14 decembrie 1918</time> – <time datetime="1922-10-26">26 octombrie 1922</time><sup id="cite_ref-566ccb73879bea71c3c9df7abc05eb55_1-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-566ccb73879bea71c3c9df7abc05eb55-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Circumscripția</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5314798" class="extiw" title="d:Q5314798"><span lang="en">Dundee</span></a><abbr title="Articolul încă nu există în acest wiki">[*]</abbr><span style="display:none">[[<span lang="en">Dundee</span> (Parliamentary constituency in the United Kingdom, 1868-1950)|​]]</span></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Legislatură</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21084448" class="extiw" title="d:Q21084448"><span lang="en">31st Parliament of the United Kingdom</span></a><abbr title="Articolul încă nu există în acest wiki">[*]</abbr><span style="display:none">[[<span lang="en">31st Parliament of the United Kingdom</span> (Parliament of the United Kingdom, 1919-1922)|​]]</span></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Grup parlamentar</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622441" class="extiw" title="d:Q622441">Partidul Liberal</a><abbr title="Articolul încă nu există în acest wiki">[*]</abbr><span style="display:none"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Partidul_Liberal_(partid_politic_britanic)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Partidul Liberal (partid politic britanic) — pagină inexistentă">​</a></span></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Ales în</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3042701" class="extiw" title="d:Q3042701"><span lang="en">1918 United Kingdom general election</span></a><abbr title="Articolul încă nu există în acest wiki">[*]</abbr><span style="display:none">[[<span lang="en">1918 United Kingdom general election</span> (general election held in the United Kingdom)|​]]</span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;background-color:#E6E6FA;color:#000;border-top-style: solid; border-color:#aaa; border-top-width: 1px; padding-top: 3px; padding-bottom: 3px"> <span lang="en">Minister of Munitions</span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8016#P39" title="Modificați la Wikidata"><img alt="Modificați la Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;;"><b>În funcție</b><br /><time datetime="1917-07-17">17 iulie 1917</time> – <time datetime="1919-01-10">10 ianuarie 1919</time></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Precedat de</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q334088" class="extiw" title="d:Q334088"><span lang="en">Christopher Addison, 1st Viscount Addison</span></a><abbr title="Articolul încă nu există în acest wiki">[*]</abbr><span style="display:none">[[<span lang="en">Christopher Addison, 1st Viscount Addison</span> (politician britanic)|​]]</span></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Succedat de</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q606792" class="extiw" title="d:Q606792"><span lang="en">Andrew Weir, 1st Baron Inverforth</span></a><abbr title="Articolul încă nu există în acest wiki">[*]</abbr><span style="display:none">[[<span lang="en">Andrew Weir, 1st Baron Inverforth</span> (Scottish shipowner (1865-1955))|​]]</span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;background-color:#E6E6FA;color:#000;border-top-style: solid; border-color:#aaa; border-top-width: 1px; padding-top: 3px; padding-bottom: 3px"> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162754" class="extiw" title="d:Q162754">Cancelar al Ducatului de Lancaster</a><abbr title="Articolul încă nu există în acest wiki">[*]</abbr><span style="display:none"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cancelar_al_Ducatului_de_Lancaster_(ministerial_office_in_the_United_Kingdom)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cancelar al Ducatului de Lancaster (ministerial office in the United Kingdom) — pagină inexistentă">​</a></span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8016#P39" title="Modificați la Wikidata"><img alt="Modificați la Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;;"><b>În funcție</b><br /><time datetime="1915-05-25">25 mai 1915</time> – <time datetime="1915-11-25">25 noiembrie 1915</time></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Precedat de</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q332572" class="extiw" title="d:Q332572"><span lang="en">Edwin Montagu</span></a><abbr title="Articolul încă nu există în acest wiki">[*]</abbr><span style="display:none">[[<span lang="en">Edwin Montagu</span> (politician britanic)|​]]</span></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Succedat de</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Samuel" title="Herbert Samuel">Herbert Samuel</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;background-color:#E6E6FA;color:#000;border-top-style: solid; border-color:#aaa; border-top-width: 1px; padding-top: 3px; padding-bottom: 3px"> Rector în <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q270532" class="extiw" title="d:Q270532">Universitatea din Aberdeen</a><abbr title="Articolul încă nu există în acest wiki">[*]</abbr><span style="display:none"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Universitatea_din_Aberdeen_(university_in_Aberdeen,_Scotland,_United_Kingdom)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Universitatea din Aberdeen (university in Aberdeen, Scotland, United Kingdom) — pagină inexistentă">​</a></span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8016#P39" title="Modificați la Wikidata"><img alt="Modificați la Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;;"><b>În funcție</b><br /><time datetime="1914">1914</time> – <time datetime="1918">1918</time></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Precedat de</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Carnegie" title="Andrew Carnegie">Andrew Carnegie</a></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Succedat de</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5612753" class="extiw" title="d:Q5612753">Weetman Pearson</a><abbr title="Articolul încă nu există în acest wiki">[*]</abbr><span style="display:none"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Weetman_Pearson_(politician_britanic)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Weetman Pearson (politician britanic) — pagină inexistentă">​</a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;background-color:#E6E6FA;color:#000;border-top-style: solid; border-color:#aaa; border-top-width: 1px; padding-top: 3px; padding-bottom: 3px"> <span lang="en">member of the 30th Parliament of the United Kingdom</span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8016#P39" title="Modificați la Wikidata"><img alt="Modificați la Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;;"><b>În funcție</b><br /><time datetime="1910-12-03">3 decembrie 1910</time> – <time datetime="1918-11-25">25 noiembrie 1918</time><sup id="cite_ref-566ccb73879bea71c3c9df7abc05eb55_1-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-566ccb73879bea71c3c9df7abc05eb55-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Circumscripția</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5314798" class="extiw" title="d:Q5314798"><span lang="en">Dundee</span></a><abbr title="Articolul încă nu există în acest wiki">[*]</abbr><span style="display:none">[[<span lang="en">Dundee</span> (Parliamentary constituency in the United Kingdom, 1868-1950)|​]]</span></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Legislatură</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21084447" class="extiw" title="d:Q21084447"><span lang="en">30th Parliament of the United Kingdom</span></a><abbr title="Articolul încă nu există în acest wiki">[*]</abbr><span style="display:none">[[<span lang="en">30th Parliament of the United Kingdom</span> (Parliament of the United Kingdom, 1911-1918)|​]]</span></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Grup parlamentar</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622441" class="extiw" title="d:Q622441">Partidul Liberal</a><abbr title="Articolul încă nu există în acest wiki">[*]</abbr><span style="display:none"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Partidul_Liberal_(partid_politic_britanic)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Partidul Liberal (partid politic britanic) — pagină inexistentă">​</a></span></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Ales în</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3076583" class="extiw" title="d:Q3076583"><span lang="en">December 1910 United Kingdom general election</span></a><abbr title="Articolul încă nu există în acest wiki">[*]</abbr><span style="display:none">[[<span lang="en">December 1910 United Kingdom general election</span> (British election)|​]]</span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;background-color:#E6E6FA;color:#000;border-top-style: solid; border-color:#aaa; border-top-width: 1px; padding-top: 3px; padding-bottom: 3px"> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2484309" class="extiw" title="d:Q2484309">Ministru al Afacerilor Interne</a><abbr title="Articolul încă nu există în acest wiki">[*]</abbr><span style="display:none"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ministru_al_Afacerilor_Interne_(ministru_din_Regatul_Unit)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ministru al Afacerilor Interne (ministru din Regatul Unit) — pagină inexistentă">​</a></span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8016#P39" title="Modificați la Wikidata"><img alt="Modificați la Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;;"><b>În funcție</b><br /><time datetime="1910-02-19">19 februarie 1910</time> – <time datetime="1911-10-24">24 octombrie 1911</time></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Precedat de</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2347324" class="extiw" title="d:Q2347324"><span lang="en">Herbert Gladstone, 1st Viscount Gladstone</span></a><abbr title="Articolul încă nu există în acest wiki">[*]</abbr><span style="display:none">[[<span lang="en">Herbert Gladstone, 1st Viscount Gladstone</span> (politician britanic)|​]]</span></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Succedat de</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333710" class="extiw" title="d:Q333710"><span lang="en">Reginald McKenna</span></a><abbr title="Articolul încă nu există în acest wiki">[*]</abbr><span style="display:none">[[<span lang="en">Reginald McKenna</span> (British banker and Liberal politician (1863-1943))|​]]</span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;background-color:#E6E6FA;color:#000;border-top-style: solid; border-color:#aaa; border-top-width: 1px; padding-top: 3px; padding-bottom: 3px"> <span lang="en">member of the 29th Parliament of the United Kingdom</span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8016#P39" title="Modificați la Wikidata"><img alt="Modificați la Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;;"><b>În funcție</b><br /><time datetime="1910-01-15">15 ianuarie 1910</time> – <time datetime="1910-11-28">28 noiembrie 1910</time><sup id="cite_ref-566ccb73879bea71c3c9df7abc05eb55_1-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-566ccb73879bea71c3c9df7abc05eb55-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Circumscripția</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5314798" class="extiw" title="d:Q5314798"><span lang="en">Dundee</span></a><abbr title="Articolul încă nu există în acest wiki">[*]</abbr><span style="display:none">[[<span lang="en">Dundee</span> (Parliamentary constituency in the United Kingdom, 1868-1950)|​]]</span></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Legislatură</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21084446" class="extiw" title="d:Q21084446"><span lang="en">29th Parliament of the United Kingdom</span></a><abbr title="Articolul încă nu există în acest wiki">[*]</abbr><span style="display:none">[[<span lang="en">29th Parliament of the United Kingdom</span> (Parliament of the United Kingdom, 1910-1910)|​]]</span></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Grup parlamentar</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622441" class="extiw" title="d:Q622441">Partidul Liberal</a><abbr title="Articolul încă nu există în acest wiki">[*]</abbr><span style="display:none"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Partidul_Liberal_(partid_politic_britanic)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Partidul Liberal (partid politic britanic) — pagină inexistentă">​</a></span></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Ales în</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3075752" class="extiw" title="d:Q3075752"><span lang="en">January 1910 United Kingdom general election</span></a><abbr title="Articolul încă nu există în acest wiki">[*]</abbr><span style="display:none">[[<span lang="en">January 1910 United Kingdom general election</span> (British general election 1910)|​]]</span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;background-color:#E6E6FA;color:#000;border-top-style: solid; border-color:#aaa; border-top-width: 1px; padding-top: 3px; padding-bottom: 3px"> <span lang="en">member of the 28th Parliament of the United Kingdom</span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8016#P39" title="Modificați la Wikidata"><img alt="Modificați la Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;;"><b>În funcție</b><br /><time datetime="1908-05-09">9 mai 1908</time> – <time datetime="1910-01-10">10 ianuarie 1910</time></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Circumscripția</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5314798" class="extiw" title="d:Q5314798"><span lang="en">Dundee</span></a><abbr title="Articolul încă nu există în acest wiki">[*]</abbr><span style="display:none">[[<span lang="en">Dundee</span> (Parliamentary constituency in the United Kingdom, 1868-1950)|​]]</span></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Legislatură</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21084445" class="extiw" title="d:Q21084445"><span lang="en">28th Parliament of the United Kingdom</span></a><abbr title="Articolul încă nu există în acest wiki">[*]</abbr><span style="display:none">[[<span lang="en">28th Parliament of the United Kingdom</span> (Parliament of the United Kingdom, 1906-1910)|​]]</span></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Grup parlamentar</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622441" class="extiw" title="d:Q622441">Partidul Liberal</a><abbr title="Articolul încă nu există în acest wiki">[*]</abbr><span style="display:none"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Partidul_Liberal_(partid_politic_britanic)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Partidul Liberal (partid politic britanic) — pagină inexistentă">​</a></span></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Ales în</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5314860" class="extiw" title="d:Q5314860"><span lang="en">1908 Dundee by-election</span></a><abbr title="Articolul încă nu există în acest wiki">[*]</abbr><span style="display:none">[[<span lang="en">1908 Dundee by-election</span> |​]]</span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;;"><b>În funcție</b><br /><time datetime="1906-01-12">12 ianuarie 1906</time> – <time datetime="1908-04-16">16 aprilie 1908</time><sup id="cite_ref-566ccb73879bea71c3c9df7abc05eb55_1-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-566ccb73879bea71c3c9df7abc05eb55-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3bbef8849b75ad740d3e2d28ea2d67e5_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3bbef8849b75ad740d3e2d28ea2d67e5-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Circumscripția</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3285346" class="extiw" title="d:Q3285346"><span lang="en">Manchester North West</span></a><abbr title="Articolul încă nu există în acest wiki">[*]</abbr><span style="display:none">[[<span lang="en">Manchester North West</span> (Parliamentary constituency in the United Kingdom, 1885-1918)|​]]</span></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Legislatură</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21084445" class="extiw" title="d:Q21084445"><span lang="en">28th Parliament of the United Kingdom</span></a><abbr title="Articolul încă nu există în acest wiki">[*]</abbr><span style="display:none">[[<span lang="en">28th Parliament of the United Kingdom</span> (Parliament of the United Kingdom, 1906-1910)|​]]</span></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Grup parlamentar</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622441" class="extiw" title="d:Q622441">Partidul Liberal</a><abbr title="Articolul încă nu există în acest wiki">[*]</abbr><span style="display:none"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Partidul_Liberal_(partid_politic_britanic)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Partidul Liberal (partid politic britanic) — pagină inexistentă">​</a></span></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Ales în</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3076606" class="extiw" title="d:Q3076606"><span lang="en">1906 United Kingdom general election</span></a><abbr title="Articolul încă nu există în acest wiki">[*]</abbr><span style="display:none">[[<span lang="en">1906 United Kingdom general election</span> (last UK Liberal party electoral parliamentary majority result)|​]]</span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;background-color:#E6E6FA;color:#000;border-top-style: solid; border-color:#aaa; border-top-width: 1px; padding-top: 3px; padding-bottom: 3px"> <span lang="en">member of the 27th Parliament of the United Kingdom</span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8016#P39" title="Modificați la Wikidata"><img alt="Modificați la Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;;"><b>În funcție</b><br /><time datetime="1900-10-01">1 octombrie 1900</time> – <time datetime="1906-01-08">8 ianuarie 1906</time></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Circumscripția</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7085618" class="extiw" title="d:Q7085618"><span lang="en">Oldham</span></a><abbr title="Articolul încă nu există în acest wiki">[*]</abbr><span style="display:none">[[<span lang="en">Oldham</span> (Parliamentary constituency in the United Kingdom, 1832-1950)|​]]</span></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Legislatură</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21084444" class="extiw" title="d:Q21084444"><span lang="en">27th Parliament of the United Kingdom</span></a><abbr title="Articolul încă nu există în acest wiki">[*]</abbr><span style="display:none">[[<span lang="en">27th Parliament of the United Kingdom</span> (Parliament of the United Kingdom, 1900-1906)|​]]</span></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Grup parlamentar</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="/wiki/Partidul_Conservator_(Regatul_Unit)" title="Partidul Conservator (Regatul Unit)">Partidul Conservator</a><br /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622441" class="extiw" title="d:Q622441">Partidul Liberal</a><abbr title="Articolul încă nu există în acest wiki">[*]</abbr><span style="display:none"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Partidul_Liberal_(partid_politic_britanic)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Partidul Liberal (partid politic britanic) — pagină inexistentă">​</a></span></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Ales în</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q918358" class="extiw" title="d:Q918358"><span lang="en">1900 United Kingdom general election</span></a><abbr title="Articolul încă nu există în acest wiki">[*]</abbr><span style="display:none">[[<span lang="en">1900 United Kingdom general election</span> (British election)|​]]</span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;background-color:#E6E6FA;color:#000;border-top-style: solid; border-color:#aaa; border-top-width: 1px; padding-top: 3px; padding-bottom: 3px"> Membru al Consiliului de Coroană al Regatului Unit <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8016#P39" title="Modificați la Wikidata"><img alt="Modificați la Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;background-color:#E6E6FA;color:#000;border-top-style: solid; border-color:#aaa; border-top-width: 1px; padding-top: 3px; padding-bottom: 3px"> <a href="/wiki/Membru_al_parlamentului" title="Membru al parlamentului">Parlamentar</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8016#P39" title="Modificați la Wikidata"><img alt="Modificați la Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;;"><hr /></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Premii</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="/wiki/Premiul_Nobel_pentru_literatur%C4%83" title="Premiul Nobel pentru literatură">Premiul Nobel pentru literatură</a> <small>(<time datetime="1953">1953</time>)</small><br /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2990283" class="extiw" title="d:Q2990283">Companion al Eliberării</a><abbr title="Articolul încă nu există în acest wiki">[*]</abbr><span style="display:none"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Companion_al_Eliber%C4%83rii_(military_decoration_issued_by_the_Free_French_army)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Companion al Eliberării (military decoration issued by the Free French army) — pagină inexistentă">​</a></span><br /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15631401" class="extiw" title="d:Q15631401">Membru al Societății Regale</a><abbr title="Articolul încă nu există în acest wiki">[*]</abbr><span style="display:none"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Membru_al_Societ%C4%83%C8%9Bii_Regale_(elected_Fellow_of_the_Royal_Society_in_London,_including_Honorary,_Foreign_and_Royal_Fellows)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Membru al Societății Regale (elected Fellow of the Royal Society in London, including Honorary, Foreign and Royal Fellows) — pagină inexistentă">​</a></span><br /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15042145" class="extiw" title="d:Q15042145">Ordinul Coroana Stejarului în grad de Mare Cruce</a><abbr title="Articolul încă nu există în acest wiki">[*]</abbr><span style="display:none"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ordinul_Coroana_Stejarului_%C3%AEn_grad_de_Mare_Cruce&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ordinul Coroana Stejarului în grad de Mare Cruce — pagină inexistentă">​</a></span><br /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q494273" class="extiw" title="d:Q494273">Cetățean de onoare al Statelor Unite</a><abbr title="Articolul încă nu există în acest wiki">[*]</abbr><span style="display:none"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cet%C4%83%C8%9Bean_de_onoare_al_Statelor_Unite_(Title_of_honor_conferred_by_either_the_United_States_Congress_or_the_President_of_the_United_States)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cetățean de onoare al Statelor Unite (Title of honor conferred by either the United States Congress or the President of the United States) — pagină inexistentă">​</a></span> <small>(<time datetime="1963">1963</time>)</small><br /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20966518" class="extiw" title="d:Q20966518">Ordinul Leul Alb în grad de mare cruce</a><abbr title="Articolul încă nu există în acest wiki">[*]</abbr><span style="display:none"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ordinul_Leul_Alb_%C3%AEn_grad_de_mare_cruce&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ordinul Leul Alb în grad de mare cruce — pagină inexistentă">​</a></span> de la <a href="/wiki/Milo%C5%A1_Zeman" title="Miloš Zeman">Miloš Zeman</a> <small>(<time datetime="2014-10-28">28 octombrie 2014</time>)</small><br /><a href="/wiki/Premiul_Carol_cel_Mare" title="Premiul Carol cel Mare">Premiul Carol cel Mare</a> <small>(<time datetime="1956-05-10">10 mai 1956</time>)</small><br /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13377517" class="extiw" title="d:Q13377517"><span lang="nb">storkors med kjede av St. Olavs Orden</span></a><abbr title="Articolul încă nu există în acest wiki">[*]</abbr><span style="display:none">[[<span lang="nb">storkors med kjede av St. Olavs Orden</span> |​]]</span><br /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1453512" class="extiw" title="d:Q1453512"><span lang="en">Freedom Award</span></a><abbr title="Articolul încă nu există în acest wiki">[*]</abbr><span style="display:none">[[<span lang="en">Freedom Award</span> (award)|​]]</span> <small>(<time datetime="1958">1958</time>)</small><br /> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8016#P166" class="extiw" title="d:Q8016"><small>...mai multe...</small></a></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Partid politic</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="/wiki/Partidul_Conservator_(Regatul_Unit)" title="Partidul Conservator (Regatul Unit)">Con</a> <small>(<time datetime="1924">1924</time>–<time datetime="1964">1964</time>)</small><br /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622441" class="extiw" title="d:Q622441">Lib</a><abbr title="Articolul încă nu există în acest wiki">[*]</abbr><span style="display:none"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lib&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lib — pagină inexistentă">​</a></span> <small>(<time datetime="1904">1904</time>–<time datetime="1924">1924</time>)</small><br /><a href="/wiki/Partidul_Conservator_(Regatul_Unit)" title="Partidul Conservator (Regatul Unit)">Con</a> <small>(<time datetime="1900">1900</time>–<time datetime="1904">1904</time>)</small> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8016#P102" title="Modificați la Wikidata"><img alt="Modificați la Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th style=";"><a href="/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater">Alma mater</a></th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1247373" class="extiw" title="d:Q1247373"><span lang="en">Harrow School</span></a><abbr title="Articolul încă nu există în acest wiki">[*]</abbr><span style="display:none">[[<span lang="en">Harrow School</span> (school in Harrow, UK)|​]]</span><br /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17020147" class="extiw" title="d:Q17020147"><span lang="en">Royal Military College, Sandhurst</span></a><abbr title="Articolul încă nu există în acest wiki">[*]</abbr><span style="display:none">[[<span lang="en">Royal Military College, Sandhurst</span> (British Army military academy)|​]]</span><br /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7588167" class="extiw" title="d:Q7588167"><span lang="en">St George's School, Ascot</span></a><abbr title="Articolul încă nu există în acest wiki">[*]</abbr><span style="display:none">[[<span lang="en">St George's School, Ascot</span> (independent boarding and day school in Ascot, Berkshire, England)|​]]</span><br /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7618444" class="extiw" title="d:Q7618444"><span lang="en">Stoke Brunswick School</span></a><abbr title="Articolul încă nu există în acest wiki">[*]</abbr><span style="display:none">[[<span lang="en">Stoke Brunswick School</span> (other independent school in East Grinstead, West Sussex)|​]]</span></td></tr><tr><td class="navigation-only" colspan="2" style="border-top: 2px ##E6E6FA solid; font-size: 80%; background:inherit; color:var(--color-base, #000); text-align: right;"><span class="plainlinks" style="float:left;">Modifică <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8016" class="extiw" title="d:Q8016">date</a> / <a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Winston_Churchill&action=edit&section=0">text</a></span> <span title="Consultați documentația formatului"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="//ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Format:Infocaseta_Om_politic" title="Consultați documentația formatului"><img alt="Consultați documentația formatului" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Gtk-dialog-info.svg/12px-Gtk-dialog-info.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Gtk-dialog-info.svg/18px-Gtk-dialog-info.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Gtk-dialog-info.svg/24px-Gtk-dialog-info.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="60" /></a></span></span></td></tr></tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r16573438">.mw-parser-output .infocaseta{background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:var(--color-base,#000)}.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}</style> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Nobel_prize_medal.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Medalia Premiului Nobel"><img alt="Medalia Premiului Nobel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/15px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/23px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/30px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="150" data-file-height="150" /></a><figcaption>Medalia Premiului Nobel</figcaption></figure> <p>Sir <b>Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill</b> (n. <time datetime="1874-11-30"><a href="/wiki/30_noiembrie" title="30 noiembrie">30 noiembrie</a> <a href="/wiki/1874" title="1874">1874</a></time>, <a href="/wiki/Blenheim" class="mw-disambig" title="Blenheim">Blenheim</a><sup><small>(<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4926036" class="extiw" title="d:Q4926036"><span title="Blenheim la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup>, <a href="/wiki/Anglia" title="Anglia">Anglia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Regatul_Unit_al_Marii_Britanii_%C8%99i_Irlandei" title="Regatul Unit al Marii Britanii și Irlandei">Regatul Unit al Marii Britanii și Irlandei</a> – d. <time datetime="1965-01-24"><a href="/wiki/24_ianuarie" title="24 ianuarie">24 ianuarie</a> <a href="/wiki/1965" title="1965">1965</a></time>, <a href="/wiki/Londra_Mare" title="Londra Mare">Greater London</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anglia" title="Anglia">Anglia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Regatul_Unit_al_Marii_Britanii_%C8%99i_al_Irlandei_de_Nord" title="Regatul Unit al Marii Britanii și al Irlandei de Nord">Regatul Unit</a>) a fost un om politic <a href="/wiki/Regatul_Unit" class="mw-redirect" title="Regatul Unit">britanic</a>, prim-ministru al <a href="/wiki/Regatul_Unit" class="mw-redirect" title="Regatul Unit">Regatului Unit</a> în <a href="/wiki/Al_Doilea_R%C4%83zboi_Mondial" title="Al Doilea Război Mondial">Al Doilea Război Mondial</a>. Deseori apreciat ca fiind unul din cei mai mari lideri de război ai secolului, a servit ca prim-ministru în două mandate: 1940-1945 și 1951-1955. A fost ofițer în Armata Britanică, istoric, scriitor și artist. Este singurul prim-ministru britanic laureat al <a href="/wiki/Premiul_Nobel_pentru_Literatur%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Premiul Nobel pentru Literatură">Premiului Nobel pentru Literatură</a> (în <a href="/wiki/1953" title="1953">1953</a>) și a fost prima persoană care a primit titlul onorific de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cet%C4%83%C8%9Bean_de_Onoare_al_Statelor_Unite&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cetățean de Onoare al Statelor Unite — pagină inexistentă">Cetățean de Onoare al Statelor Unite</a>. Motivarea Comitetului Nobel: „<i>pentru măiestria sa în descrierea istorică și biografică, precum și pentru oratorie strălucită în apărarea valorilor umane exaltate</i>”. </p><p>Churchill s-a născut în familia aristocrată a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Duce_de_Marlborough_(titlu)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Duce de Marlborough (titlu) — pagină inexistentă">Ducilor de Marlborough</a>. Tatăl său, <a href="/wiki/Lord_Randolph_Churchill" class="mw-redirect" title="Lord Randolph Churchill">Lord Randolph Churchill</a>, a fost un politician carismatic care a îndeplinit funcția de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ministru_de_Finan%C8%9Be_(Regatul_Unit)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ministru de Finanțe (Regatul Unit) — pagină inexistentă">ministru de finanțe</a>. Mama sa, <a href="/wiki/Lady_Randolph_Churchill" title="Lady Randolph Churchill">Jenny Jerome</a>, a fost o americancă care avea o poziție socială importantă. Ca tânăr ofițer de armată, a participat la bătălii din <a href="/wiki/India_Britanic%C4%83" title="India Britanică">India Britanică</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a> și la <a href="/wiki/Al_Doilea_R%C4%83zboi_al_Burilor" title="Al Doilea Război al Burilor">Al Doilea Război al Burilor</a>. A fost corespondent de război și a scris cărți despre acestea. </p><p>Fiind în prim planul politicii britanice pentru cincizeci de ani, a deținut mai multe funcții politice și ministeriale. Înainte de Primul Război Mondial, a îndeplinit funcțiile de Președinte al Comisiei de Comerț, Ministru al Afacerilor interne și Prim Lord al Amiralității în cabinetul liberal al lui <a href="/wiki/H._H._Asquith" title="H. H. Asquith">Asquith</a>. A continuat în poziția de Prim Lord al Amiralității până la <a href="/wiki/Campania_Gallipoli" title="Campania Gallipoli">Campania Gallipoli</a>. A luptat puțin pe <a href="/wiki/Frontul_de_vest_(Primul_R%C4%83zboi_Mondial)" title="Frontul de vest (Primul Război Mondial)">Frontul de vest</a>, la comanda celui de-al 6-lea batalion al Infanteriei. S-a întors în guvern ca <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ministru_al_Muni%C8%9Biilor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ministru al Munițiilor — pagină inexistentă">Ministru al Munițiilor</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Secretar_de_stat_pentru_r%C4%83zboi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Secretar de stat pentru război — pagină inexistentă">secretar de stat pentru război</a> și <a href="/w/index.php?title=Secretar_de_stat_al_avia%C8%9Biei&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Secretar de stat al aviației — pagină inexistentă">secretar de stat al aviației</a>. După război, Churchill a fost din nou numit ministru de finanțe între anii 1924–1929 în guvernul conservator al lui <a href="/wiki/Stanley_Baldwin" title="Stanley Baldwin">Baldwin</a>, luând în anul 1925 decizia ca lira sterlină să redevină convertibilă în aur, la fel cum era după război, care a pus o presiune deflaționistă pe economia Marii Britanii. </p><p>În anii '30, Churchill a avertizat parlamentul de pericolul reprezentat de <a href="/wiki/Germania_Nazist%C4%83" title="Germania Nazistă">Germania Nazistă</a> și campania sa de reînarmare. La izbucnirea celui de-Al Doilea Război Mondial, a fost numit din nou Prim Lord al Amiralității. După demisia lui <a href="/wiki/Neville_Chamberlain" title="Neville Chamberlain">Neville Chamberlain</a> la data de 10 mai 1940, Churchill a devenit prim-ministru. Refuzul constant de a accepta înfrângerea, predarea, sau un compromis pentru pace a ajutat Marea Britanie în prima parte a războiului când Marea Britanie era singura țară activ implicată împotriva lui <a href="/wiki/Hitler" class="mw-redirect" title="Hitler">Hitler</a>. Churchill este cunoscut pentru discursurile și emisiunile radiofonice despre război. A condus Marea Britanie ca prim-ministru până la asigurarea victoriei împotriva Germaniei Naziste. </p><p>După ce Partidul Conservator a pierdut <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alegeri_legislative_%C3%AEn_Regatul_Unit,_1945&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alegeri legislative în Regatul Unit, 1945 — pagină inexistentă">alegerile din 1945</a>, a devenit Lider al opoziției. În 1951, a devenit din nou prim-ministru, până în 1955. După moartea sa, <a href="/wiki/Regina_Elizabeta_a_II-a" class="mw-redirect" title="Regina Elizabeta a II-a">Regina Elizabeta a II-a</a> i-a acordat onoarea unei „înmormântări de stat”, fastuoase, la care s-au adunat cei mai mulți oameni politici din istorie.<sup id="cite_ref-news_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-news-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Numit <a href="/w/index.php?title=100_cei_mai_mari_britanici&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="100 cei mai mari britanici — pagină inexistentă">Cel mai mare britanic</a> din toate timpurile într-un sondaj din 2002, Churchill este considerat una dintre cei mai influente personalități din istoria Marii Britanii. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tinerețea_și_familia"><span id="Tinere.C8.9Bea_.C8.99i_familia"></span>Tinerețea și familia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Winston_Churchill&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifică secțiunea: Tinerețea și familia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Winston_Churchill&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Tinerețea și familia"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Churchill_1881_ZZZ_7555D.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Churchill_1881_ZZZ_7555D.jpg/170px-Churchill_1881_ZZZ_7555D.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="292" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Churchill_1881_ZZZ_7555D.jpg/255px-Churchill_1881_ZZZ_7555D.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Churchill_1881_ZZZ_7555D.jpg/340px-Churchill_1881_ZZZ_7555D.jpg 2x" data-file-width="466" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>Churchill, în 1881, la vârsta de șapte ani</figcaption></figure> <p>S-a născut pe data de 30 noiembrie 1874 într-un dormitor din <a href="/wiki/Blenheim_Palace" class="mw-redirect" title="Blenheim Palace">Blenheim Palace</a>, Woodstock, Oxfordshire.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A făcut parte din familia aristocrată a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Duce_de_Marlborough_(titlu)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Duce de Marlborough (titlu) — pagină inexistentă">Ducilor de Marlborough</a>, o ramură a <a href="/wiki/Familia_Spencer" title="Familia Spencer">familiei nobiliare Spencer</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Winston Leonard Spencer-Churchill, folosea, ca și tatăl său, numele „Churchill” în viața publică.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Strămoșii săi, <a href="/wiki/George_Spencer-Churchill,_al_5-lea_Duce_de_Marlborough" class="mw-redirect" title="George Spencer-Churchill, al 5-lea Duce de Marlborough">George Spencer</a> și-a schimbat numele în Spencer-Churchill în 1817 când a devenit Duce de Marlborough, pentru a-l scoate în evidență pe întemeietorul ei, <a href="/wiki/John_Churchill,_Primul_duce_de_Marlborough" class="mw-redirect" title="John Churchill, Primul duce de Marlborough">John Churchill, Primul duce de Marlborough</a>. Tatăl lui Winston, <a href="/wiki/Lord_Randolph_Churchill" class="mw-redirect" title="Lord Randolph Churchill">Lord Randolph Churchill</a>, al treilea fiu al lui <a href="/wiki/John_Spencer-Churchill,_al_7-lea_Duce_de_Marlborough" class="mw-redirect" title="John Spencer-Churchill, al 7-lea Duce de Marlborough">John Spencer-Churchill, al 7-lea Duce de Marlborough</a>, a fost un politician, iar mama sa, <a href="/wiki/Lady_Randolph_Churchill" title="Lady Randolph Churchill">Lady Randolph Churchill</a> (născută Jennie Jerome), a fost fiica milionarului american <a href="/w/index.php?title=Leonard_Jerome&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leonard Jerome — pagină inexistentă">Leonard Jerome</a>. </p><p>De la vârsta de doi ani până la șase ani a trăit în <a href="/wiki/Dublin" title="Dublin">Dublin</a>, unde bunicul său a fost guvernator și l-a angajat pe tatăl lui Churchill ca secretar. Fratele lui Churchill, <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Strange_Spencer-Churchill&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Strange Spencer-Churchill — pagină inexistentă">John Strange Spencer-Churchill</a>, s-a născut în această perioadă în <a href="/wiki/Irlanda" title="Irlanda">Irlanda</a>. Probabil că tânărul Winston și-a dezvoltat pasiunea pentru armată urmărind multele parade aprobate de Oficiul Vice Regal (acum <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%81ras_an_Uachtar%C3%A1in&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Áras an Uachtaráin — pagină inexistentă">Áras an Uachtaráin</a>, reședința oficială a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pre%C8%99edintele_Irlandei&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Președintele Irlandei — pagină inexistentă">Președintelui Irlandei</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Prima întâlnire cu educația a avut-o la Dublin, unde o educatoare a încercat să-l învețe să citească, să scrie și să socotească (prima sa carte se numea „Citind fără lacrimi”). Văzându-și rar părinții, Churchill a devenit foarte apropiat de dădaca sa, 'Doamna' Elizabeth Anne Everest, pe care o striga 'Old Woom'. I-a fost sfătuitoare, asistentă și înlocuitoare de mamă.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Au petrecut multe ore jucându-se în <a href="/w/index.php?title=Parcul_Phoenix&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Parcul Phoenix — pagină inexistentă">Parcul Phoenix</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Blenheim_main_entrance.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Blenheim_main_entrance.jpg/220px-Blenheim_main_entrance.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Blenheim_main_entrance.jpg/330px-Blenheim_main_entrance.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Blenheim_main_entrance.jpg/440px-Blenheim_main_entrance.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1986" data-file-height="1476" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Palatul_Blenheim" title="Palatul Blenheim">Palatul Blenheim</a>, locul unde a copilărit Churchill</figcaption></figure> <p>Independent și rebel din fire, Churchill nu se descurca prea bine la școală, motiv pentru care era pedepsit. A fost educat la trei școli independente: <a href="/w/index.php?title=St._George%27s_School,_Ascot&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="St. George's School, Ascot — pagină inexistentă">St. George's School, Ascot</a>, Berkshire; <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stoke_Brunswick_School&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stoke Brunswick School — pagină inexistentă">Școala Brunswick School</a> din <a href="/wiki/Hove" title="Hove">Hove</a>, aproape de Brighton (școala a fost redenumită de atunci în <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stoke_Brunswick_School&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stoke Brunswick School — pagină inexistentă">Stoke Brunswick School</a> și mutată în <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ashurst_Wood&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ashurst Wood — pagină inexistentă">Ashurst Wood</a> în West Sussex); și la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Harrow_School&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Harrow School — pagină inexistentă">Harrow School</a> începând cu 17 aprilie 1888. După câteva săptămâni de la înscrierea la Harrow, Churchill s-a alăturat Corpului armat Harrow.<sup id="cite_ref-Centre-Hussars_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Centre-Hussars-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Avea note mari la engleză și istorie, și era campionul școlii la <a href="/wiki/Scrim%C4%83" title="Scrimă">scrimă</a>. </p><p>Era rar vizitat de mama sa, căreia îi trimitea scrisori rugând-i ori să vină ea la școală ori să-l lase să vină acasă. Era distant față de tatăl său; odată a remarcat că rar au vorbit unul cu celălalt.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tatăl său a murit la data de 24 ianuarie 1895, la vârsta de 45 de ani, lăsându-i lui Churchill convingerea că va muri la fel de tânăr și va trebui repede să-și pună amprenta asupra lumii.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Impedimentul_în_vorbire"><span id="Impedimentul_.C3.AEn_vorbire"></span>Impedimentul în vorbire</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Winston_Churchill&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifică secțiunea: Impedimentul în vorbire" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Winston_Churchill&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Impedimentul în vorbire"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mulți autori din anii '20 și '30, înainte ca înregistrarea audio să devină o obișnuință, menționau că Churchill se bâlbâia <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.utstat.utoronto.ca/sharp/Churchill.htm">des</a>, fiind și sâsâit. Churchill descriindu-se el însuși ca având un „impediment în vorbire” pe care încerca să-l depășească. Purta o proteză special proiectată pentru a-l ajuta să-și depășească impedimentul (pietricelele lui <a href="/w/index.php?title=Demosthenes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Demosthenes — pagină inexistentă">Demosthenes</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> După mulți ani de discursuri publice pregătite cu grijă nu doar pentru a inspira, dar și pentru a evita ezitările, a declarat în final că „Impedimentul meu nu mai reprezintă un obstacol”.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Totuși, Centrul Churchill neagă categoric faptul că Churchill ar fi fost un bâlbâit, confirmând că ar fi avut dificultăți în pronunțarea literei <i>S</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ca și tatăl său.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Căsnicia_și_copiii"><span id="C.C4.83snicia_.C8.99i_copiii"></span>Căsnicia și copiii</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Winston_Churchill&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifică secțiunea: Căsnicia și copiii" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Winston_Churchill&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Căsnicia și copiii"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Winston_Churchill_(1874-1965)_with_fianc%C3%A9e_Clementine_Hozier_(1885-1977)_shortly_before_their_marriage_in_1908.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Winston_Churchill_%281874-1965%29_with_fianc%C3%A9e_Clementine_Hozier_%281885-1977%29_shortly_before_their_marriage_in_1908.jpg/220px-Winston_Churchill_%281874-1965%29_with_fianc%C3%A9e_Clementine_Hozier_%281885-1977%29_shortly_before_their_marriage_in_1908.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="270" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Winston_Churchill_%281874-1965%29_with_fianc%C3%A9e_Clementine_Hozier_%281885-1977%29_shortly_before_their_marriage_in_1908.jpg/330px-Winston_Churchill_%281874-1965%29_with_fianc%C3%A9e_Clementine_Hozier_%281885-1977%29_shortly_before_their_marriage_in_1908.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/87/Winston_Churchill_%281874-1965%29_with_fianc%C3%A9e_Clementine_Hozier_%281885-1977%29_shortly_before_their_marriage_in_1908.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="490" /></a><figcaption>Tânărul Winston Churchill și logodnica sa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Clementine_Churchill&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Clementine Churchill — pagină inexistentă">Clementine Hozier</a> cu puțin timp înainte de căsătoria lor în 1908</figcaption></figure> <p>Churchill și-a întâlnit viitoarea sa soție, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Clementine_Churchill&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Clementine Churchill — pagină inexistentă">Clementine Hozier</a>, în 1904, la un bal la Crewe House, casa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Crewe-Milnes,_1st_Marquess_of_Crewe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert Crewe-Milnes, 1st Marquess of Crewe — pagină inexistentă">Earl de Crewe</a> și a soției lui Crewe, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Crewe-Milnes,_1st_Marquess_of_Crewe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert Crewe-Milnes, 1st Marquess of Crewe — pagină inexistentă">Margaret Primrose</a> (fiica lui <a href="/w/index.php?title=Archibald_Primrose,_al_5-lea_Earl_de_Rosebery&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Archibald Primrose, al 5-lea Earl de Rosebery — pagină inexistentă">Archibald Primrose, al 5-lea Earl de Rosebery</a> și <a href="/wiki/Familia_Rothschild" title="Familia Rothschild">Hannah Rothschild</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> În 1908, s-au întâlnit din nou la o petrecere dată de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Francis_Jeune,_Primul_Baron_St_Helier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Francis Jeune, Primul Baron St Helier — pagină inexistentă">Lady St Helier</a>. Churchill a fost așezat lângă Clementine, și curând au început să se îndrăgostească.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A cerut-o în căsătorie pe Clementine în timpul unei petreceri la <a href="/wiki/Palatul_Blenheim" title="Palatul Blenheim">Palatul Blenheim</a> pe 10 august 1908, în micul <a href="/wiki/Palatul_Blenheim#Parc_și_grădini" title="Palatul Blenheim">Templu al Dianei</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Pe 12 septembrie 1908, s-au căsătorit în <a href="/w/index.php?title=St._Margaret%27s,_Westminster&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="St. Margaret's, Westminster — pagină inexistentă">St. Margaret's, Westminster</a>. Cel care a condus ceremonia a fost <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfred_George_Edwards&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alfred George Edwards — pagină inexistentă">Episcopul de St Asaph</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cuplul și-a petrecut luna de miere la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Highgrove_House,_Eastcote&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Highgrove House, Eastcote — pagină inexistentă">Casa Highgrove</a> din <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eastcote&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eastcote — pagină inexistentă">Eastcote</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> În martie 1909, cuplul s-a mutat într-o casă din 33 Eccleston Square. </p><p>Primul lor copil, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Diana_Churchill&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Diana Churchill — pagină inexistentă">Diana</a>, s-a născut în Londra pe data de 11 iulie 1909. După naștere, Clementine s-a mutat în Sussex pentru a se recupera, în timp ce Diana a stat în Londa cu dădaca sa.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pe 28 mai 1911, al doilea lor copil, <a href="/wiki/Randolph_Churchill" title="Randolph Churchill">Randolph</a>, s-a născut în casa din 33 Eccleston Square.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Al treilea copil, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sarah_Tuchet-Jesson,_Baroan%C4%83_de_Audley&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sarah Tuchet-Jesson, Baroană de Audley — pagină inexistentă">Sarah</a>, s-a născut pe 7 octombrie 1914 la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Admiralty_House_(Londra)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Admiralty House (Londra) — pagină inexistentă">Admiralty House</a>. Clementine era îngrijorată în această perioadă deoarece Winston a fost trimis în <a href="/wiki/Antwerp" class="mw-redirect" title="Antwerp">Antwerp</a> de guvern pentru a „întări rezistența unui oraș asediat”, după știrile care spuneau că belgienii intenționau să predea orașul.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Al patrulea copil, Marigold Frances Churchill, s-a născut pe 15 noiembrie 1918, la patru zile după sfârșitul Primului Război Mondial.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> În luna august a anului 1921, copii lui Churchill au fost dați în grija unei bone din Kent pe nume Mlle Rose. Între timp, Clementine călătorea prin <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eaton_Hall_(Cheshire)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eaton Hall (Cheshire) — pagină inexistentă">Eaton Hall</a> pentru a juca tenis cu <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hugh_Grosvenor,_al_Doilea_Duce_de_Westminster&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hugh Grosvenor, al Doilea Duce de Westminster — pagină inexistentă">Hugh Grosvenor, al Doilea Duce de Westminster</a> și familia sa. Aici Marigold contactează o răceală, care s-a părut că a trecut. Nu a fost așa, răceala ducând la <a href="/wiki/Septicemie" title="Septicemie">septicemie</a>, care i-a fost fatală, aceasta murind pe data de 23 august 1921 și a fost înmormântată la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cimitirul_Kensal_Green&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cimitirul Kensal Green — pagină inexistentă">Cimitirul Kensal Green</a> trei zile mai târziu.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Pe 15 septembrie 1922 s-a născut ultimul copil al lui Churchill, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mary_Soames,_Baroness_Soames&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mary Soames, Baroness Soames — pagină inexistentă">Mary</a>. În aceeași lună, familia Churchill a cumpărat <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chartwell&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chartwell — pagină inexistentă">Chartwell</a>, în care Winston a locuit până la moartea sa în 1965.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Serviciul_militar">Serviciul militar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Winston_Churchill&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifică secțiunea: Serviciul militar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Winston_Churchill&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Serviciul militar"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Winston_Churchill_1874_-_1965_ZZZ5426F.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Winston_Churchill_1874_-_1965_ZZZ5426F.jpg/220px-Winston_Churchill_1874_-_1965_ZZZ5426F.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="289" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Winston_Churchill_1874_-_1965_ZZZ5426F.jpg/330px-Winston_Churchill_1874_-_1965_ZZZ5426F.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Winston_Churchill_1874_-_1965_ZZZ5426F.jpg/440px-Winston_Churchill_1874_-_1965_ZZZ5426F.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1889" data-file-height="2480" /></a><figcaption>Churchill în uniformă militară (1895)</figcaption></figure> <p>După ce a plecat din Harrow în 1893, Churchill a dat la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Academia_Militar%C4%83_Regal%C4%83,_Sandhurst&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Academia Militară Regală, Sandhurst — pagină inexistentă">Colegiul Militar Regal</a> din <a href="/wiki/Sandhurst" title="Sandhurst">Sandhurst</a>. A fost nevoit să dea examenul de admitere de trei ori până a intrat. A vrut să intre la secția de cavalerie în locul celei de infanterie pentru că cererile postului erau mai mici și nu i s-ar fi cerut să învețe matematică, obiect care nu îi plăcea. A absolvit cu a opta medie dintr-o clasă de 150 în decembrie 1894,<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> și deși s-ar fi putut transfera într-un regiment de infanterie așa cum și-ar fi dorit tatăl său, alege să rămână în cavalerie și a primit la data de 20 februarie 1895 gradul de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cornet_(grad_militar)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cornet (grad militar) — pagină inexistentă">Cornet</a>, locotenent cu cel mai mic grad în al <a href="/w/index.php?title=Patrulea_regiment_de_cavalerie_a_Reginei&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Patrulea regiment de cavalerie a Reginei — pagină inexistentă">Patrulea regiment de cavalerie a Reginei</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Centre-Hussars_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Centre-Hussars-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> În 1941, a fost numit colonelul acestui regiment. </p><p>Salariul lui Churchill ca locotenent era de 300 de lire, salariu de care nu era mulțumit, fiindcă considera că are nevoie de cel puțin 500 de lire (echivalentul a 25.000 £ în condițiile economiei din 2001) pentru a trăi decent, la fel ca ceilalți ofițeri din regiment. Mama sa îi acorda o alocație de 400 de lire pe an, dar deseori cheltuia mai mult. Conform biografului <a href="/wiki/Roy_Jenkins" class="mw-redirect" title="Roy Jenkins">Roy Jenkins</a>, aceste este unul din motivele pentru care s-a ocupat cu corespondență în timpul războiului.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nu a intenționat să urmeze o carieră militară obișnuită, cea a promovărilor acordate gradat, încercând în schimb să se implice în toate acțiunile militare care se iveau și s-a folosit de influența mamei și a familiei în societatea aristocrată pentru a putea lupta în campaniile în desfășurare. Scrierile sale l-au adus în atenția publicului, și au atras venituri substanțiale. A colaborat cu mai multe ziare londoneze ca si corespondent de război<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> și a scris mai multe cărți despre campaniile la care a participat. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cuba">Cuba</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Winston_Churchill&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifică secțiunea: Cuba" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Winston_Churchill&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Cuba"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>În 1895, Churchill a fost trimis în <a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a> pentru a observa luptele <a href="/wiki/Imperiul_Spaniol" title="Imperiul Spaniol">spaniolilor</a> împotriva <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cuban_War_of_Independence&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cuban War of Independence — pagină inexistentă">gherilelor Cubaneze</a>, fiind și corespondent al <i>Daily Graphic</i>. A intrat în lupta la aniversarea a douăzeci și cinci de ani de viață,<sup id="cite_ref-Centre-Hussars_27-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Centre-Hussars-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> fiind prima din cele 50 de lupte la care a participat, iar spaniolii i-au acordat cu prima medalie.<sup id="cite_ref-johnson2009_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-johnson2009-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:17</sup> Churchill descria Cuba ca fiind „...o insulă mare, bogată și frumoasă...”<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Acolo a început să fumeze țigări cubaneze, preferatele sale, viciu care va dura pentru tot restul vieții sale.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> În timpul șederii la New York, a stat la casa lui <a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Bourke_Cockran&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William Bourke Cockran — pagină inexistentă">Bourke Cockran</a>, un admirator al mamei sale. Bourke era un politician american, membru al Camerei Reprezentanților, care l-a influențat pe Churchill atât în oratorie cât și în politică.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Curând a primit vestea că dădaca sa, doamna Everest, era pe moarte. S-a întors în Anglia și a stat cu ea o săptămână până a murit. A notat în jurnal că „ea a fost prietena mea favorită”. În <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=My_Early_Life&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="My Early Life — pagină inexistentă">My Early Life</a></i> a scris: „Ea a fost cea mai dragă și cea mai apropiată prietenă în toți cei douăzeci de ani pe care i-am trăit.”<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="India">India</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Winston_Churchill&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modifică secțiunea: India" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Winston_Churchill&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: India"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>În octombrie 1896, a fost transferat în <a href="/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai">Bombay</a>, <a href="/wiki/India_Britanic%C4%83" title="India Britanică">India Britanică</a>. Era considerat unul din cei mai buni jucători de <a href="/wiki/Polo" class="mw-disambig" title="Polo">polo</a> din regimentul său, câștigând cu echipa multe meciuri importante din competiții.<sup id="cite_ref-frs_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-frs-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Wc0042-3b13159r.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Wc0042-3b13159r.jpg/220px-Wc0042-3b13159r.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="260" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Wc0042-3b13159r.jpg/330px-Wc0042-3b13159r.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Wc0042-3b13159r.jpg/440px-Wc0042-3b13159r.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1218" data-file-height="1441" /></a><figcaption>Tânărul Winston Churchill în 1900</figcaption></figure> <p>În 1897, Churchill a încercat să meargă în ambele locuri, și, dacă era necesar, să lupte în <a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C4%83zboiul_Greco-Turc_(1987)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Războiul Greco-Turc (1987) — pagină inexistentă">Războiul Greco-Turc</a>, dar conflictul s-a terminat înainte ca el să poată ajunge acolo. Pregătindu-se să se întoarcă în Anglia, a auzit că trei brigăzi ale <a href="/wiki/Armata_Britanic%C4%83" title="Armata Britanică">Armatei Britanice</a> vor lupta împotriva unui trib Pashtun la frontiera de nord-vest a Indiei și a cerut permisiunea ofițerului superior de a lua parte.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A luptat sub comanda generalului Jeffery, care a fost comandantul celei de-a doua brigăzi care opera în <a href="/w/index.php?title=Agen%C8%9Bia_Malakand&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agenția Malakand — pagină inexistentă">Malakand</a>, în zona de frontieră a Indiei Britanice. Jeffery l-a trimis cu cincisprezece iscoade pentru a explora Valea <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mamund&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mamund — pagină inexistentă">Mamund</a>. În timpul cercetării, a avut un conflict cu un trib inamic, care a descălecat și a tras. După o oră de trageri de focuri a venit în ajutor brigada a 35-a a Sikhilor, care împreună păreau să câștige, dar au intervenit alte sute de băștinași care i-au forțat să se retragă.<sup id="cite_ref-Mamund_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mamund-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sikhții au rămas prea puțini pentru a continua, așa că comandantul i-a transmis lui Churchill să se odihnească și să-și adăpostească oamenii la loc sigur. </p><p>Înainte de a pleca a cerut o hârtie pentru a nu putea fi acuzat de dezertare.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A primit-o, semnată rapid, și s-a dus pe deal pentru a avertiza și cealaltă brigadă. Luptele în regiune au mai durat două săptămâni, înainte ca morții să poată fi recuperați. A scris în jurnal: „Nu pot spune dacă a meritat sau nu.”<sup id="cite_ref-Mamund_56-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mamund-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> O descriere a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Malakand&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siege of Malakand — pagină inexistentă">Siege of Malakand</a> (<a href="/wiki/Limba_rom%C3%A2n%C4%83" title="Limba română">română</a> <span lang="ro" style="font-style:italic">Asediul Malakandului</span>) a fost publicată în decembrie 1900 ca <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Story_of_the_Malakand_Field_Force&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Story of the Malakand Field Force — pagină inexistentă">The Story of the Malakand Field Force</a></i>, pentru care a primit 600 de lire. În timpul acestei campanii a mai scris articole pentru ziarele <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Pioneer_(daily)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Pioneer (daily) — pagină inexistentă">The Pioneer</a></i> și <i><a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph" title="The Daily Telegraph">The Daily Telegraph</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pentru publicarea acestor povești a primit câte 5 lire pe coloană de la <i>The Daily Telegraph</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Centre-Youth_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Centre-Youth-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sudan_și_Oldham"><span id="Sudan_.C8.99i_Oldham"></span>Sudan și Oldham</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Winston_Churchill&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Modifică secțiunea: Sudan și Oldham" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Winston_Churchill&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Sudan și Oldham"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Churchill a fost transferat în <a href="/wiki/Egipt" title="Egipt">Egipt</a> în 1898. A vizitat <a href="/wiki/Luxor" title="Luxor">Luxorul</a> înainte de a se alătura atașamentului militar <a href="/w/index.php?title=21st_Lancers&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="21st Lancers — pagină inexistentă">21st Lancers</a> care lupta în <a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a> sub comanda generalului <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Kitchener" title="Herbert Kitchener">Herbert Kitchener</a>. În această perioadă a întâlnit doi ofițeri cu care va colabora în Primul Război Mondial: <a href="/wiki/Douglas_Haig" title="Douglas Haig">Douglas Haig</a>, pe atunci căpitan și <a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Beatty,_Primul_Earl_Beatty&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="David Beatty, Primul Earl Beatty — pagină inexistentă">David Beatty</a>, locotenent de canoniera.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> În Sudan, a participat la <a href="/w/index.php?title=B%C4%83t%C4%83lia_din_Omdurman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bătălia din Omdurman — pagină inexistentă">Bătălia din Omdurman</a> din septembrie 1898<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> și a fost corespondent de război pentru ziarul <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Morning_Post&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Morning Post — pagină inexistentă">Morning Post</a></i>. În octombrie 1898 s-a întors în Marea Britanie și a început să scrie <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_River_War&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The River War — pagină inexistentă">The River War</a></i>, operă în două volume, în care a scris despre recucerirea Sudanului. Cartea a fost publicată un an mai târziu. Churchill și-a dat demisia din Armata Britanică la data de 5 mai 1899. </p><p>A avut prima oportunitate de a-și începe cariera de parlamentar când a fost invitat de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Ascroft&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert Ascroft — pagină inexistentă">Robert Ascroft</a> să fie al doilea candidat din partea <a href="/wiki/Partidul_Conservator_(Regatul_Unit)" title="Partidul Conservator (Regatul Unit)">Partidului Conservator</a> în <a href="/wiki/Oldham" title="Oldham">Oldham</a>. Nici unul din cei doi candidați conservatori nu au intrat în Parlament. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Africa_de_Sud">Africa de Sud</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Winston_Churchill&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Modifică secțiunea: Africa de Sud" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Winston_Churchill&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Africa de Sud"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pe 12 octombrie 1899 a izbucnit <a href="/wiki/Al_Doilea_R%C4%83zboi_al_Burilor" title="Al Doilea Război al Burilor">Al Doilea Război al Burilor</a>, avându-i ca combatanți pe Imperiul Britanic și Republicile Burilor. Churchill a fost trimis corespondent de război pentru <a href="/w/index.php?title=Morning_Post&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Morning Post — pagină inexistentă">Morning Post</a> cu un salariu de 250 de lire sterline pe lună. A fost transportat acolo pe aceeași navă cu abia numitul comandant britanic <a href="/w/index.php?title=Redvers_Buller&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Redvers Buller — pagină inexistentă">Sir Redvers Buller</a>. După câteva săptămâni în arii expuse a mers într-o expediție într-un tren blindat, care a dus la capturarea și încarcerarea sa într-un <a href="/wiki/Lag%C4%83r_de_prizonieri_de_r%C4%83zboi" title="Lagăr de prizonieri de război">lagăr de prizonieri de război</a> în <a href="/wiki/Pretoria" title="Pretoria">Pretoria</a>. Acțiunile sale din timpul ambuscadei asupra trenului au dus la speculații conform cărora va fi decorat cu <a href="/wiki/Crucea_Victoria" title="Crucea Victoria">Crucea Victoria</a>, cea mai înaltă decorație militară a Imperiului Britanic acordată pentru acte de eroism „în fața dușmanului”, dar nu i-a fost acordată.<sup id="cite_ref-Centre-Hussars_27-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Centre-Hussars-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A evadat și a călătorit 480 de km de la <a href="/wiki/Maputo" title="Maputo">Lourenço Marques</a> la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Portul_Maputo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Portul Maputo — pagină inexistentă">Portul Delagoa</a>, cu ajutorul unui miner englez.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Evadarea l-a făcut un mic <a href="/wiki/Erou" title="Erou">erou național</a>. În loc să se întoarcă acasă, a luptat în armata generalului Buller în <a href="/w/index.php?title=Asediul_din_Ladysmith&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Asediul din Ladysmith — pagină inexistentă">Asediul din Ladysmith</a>, prin care s-a cucerit Pretoria.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Împreună cu vărul său, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Spencer-Churchill,_Al_Nou%C4%83lea_Duce_de_Marlborough&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles Spencer-Churchill, Al Nouălea Duce de Marlborough — pagină inexistentă">Duce de Marlborough</a>, au luat-o înaintea trupelor în Pretoria, unde au cerut și primit predarea a 52 de paznici de închisori din zonă.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Burnham_churchill_jul1900.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Burnham_churchill_jul1900.jpg/350px-Burnham_churchill_jul1900.jpg" decoding="async" width="350" height="203" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Burnham_churchill_jul1900.jpg/525px-Burnham_churchill_jul1900.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/ba/Burnham_churchill_jul1900.jpg 2x" data-file-width="609" data-file-height="354" /></a><figcaption>La întoarcerea din Războiul Burilor pe <a href="/w/index.php?title=RMS_Dunottar_Castle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="RMS Dunottar Castle — pagină inexistentă">RMS Dunottar Castle</a>, iulie1900.<sup id="cite_ref-finesthour127_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-finesthour127-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> În picioare S-D: Sir Byron Leighton, Claud Grenfel, Major <a href="/w/index.php?title=Frederick_Russell_Burnham&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frederick Russell Burnham — pagină inexistentă">Frederick Russell Burnham</a>, Căpitan Gordon Forbes, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Abe_Bailey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abe Bailey — pagină inexistentă">Abe Bailey</a> (fiul său John se va mărita cu <a href="/w/index.php?title=Diana_Churchill&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Diana Churchill — pagină inexistentă">Diana Churchill</a> în 1932), următorii doi neidentificați, Lord <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Weston_Brooke&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Weston Brooke — pagină inexistentă">John Weston Brooke</a>. Așezați S-D: Major Bobby White, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hugh_Dawnay,_Al_Optulea_Viceconte_Downe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hugh Dawnay, Al Optulea Viceconte Downe — pagină inexistentă">Lord Downe</a>, General Sir <a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_Edward_Colville&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Henry Edward Colville — pagină inexistentă">Henry Edward Colville</a>, Maior Harry White, Major <a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Frederick_Laycock&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joseph Frederick Laycock — pagină inexistentă">Joe Laycock</a>, Winston Churchill, Sir Charles Bentinck. Ultimul rând S-D: neidentiicat, Col. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Maurice_Gifford&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maurice Gifford — pagină inexistentă">Maurice Gifford</a></figcaption></figure> <p>În 1900, Churchill s-a întors în Anglia la bordul <a href="/w/index.php?title=RMS_Dunottar_Castle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="RMS Dunottar Castle — pagină inexistentă">RMS <i>Dunottar Castle</i></a>, aceeași navă cu care s-a dus în Africa de Sud în urmă cu opt luni.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A publicat <i>London to Ladysmith</i> și un al doilea volum cu povestiri din războiul Burilor, <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ian_Hamilton%27s_March&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ian Hamilton's March — pagină inexistentă">Ian Hamilton's March</a></i>. Churchill a candidat din nou pentru un loc de parlamentar în colegiul Oldham la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alegeri_legislative_%C3%AEn_Regatul_Unit,_1900&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alegeri legislative în Regatul Unit, 1900 — pagină inexistentă">alegeri legislative din 1900</a> și a câștigat (în defavoarea colegului conservator Crisp, învins) unul din cele două locuri.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-gilbert_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gilbert-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A susținut mai multe discursuri în Marea Britanie, Statele Unite și Canada, obținând venituri de 5,000 £.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Serviciul_teritorial">Serviciul teritorial</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Winston_Churchill&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Modifică secțiunea: Serviciul teritorial" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Winston_Churchill&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Serviciul teritorial"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>În 1900, s-a retras din armata normală și în 1902 a intrat în <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yeomanry&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yeomanry — pagină inexistentă">Imperial Yeomanry</a> unde a fost numit căpitan al <a href="/w/index.php?title=Queen%27s_Own_Oxfordshire_Hussars&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Queen's Own Oxfordshire Hussars — pagină inexistentă">Queen's Own Oxfordshire Hussars</a> pe data de 4 ianuarie 1902.<sup id="cite_ref-yeoman1_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-yeoman1-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> În aprilie 1905, a fost promovat ca Maior și numit comandant al escadronului Henley Squadron al Queen's Own Oxfordshire Hussars.<sup id="cite_ref-yeoman2_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-yeoman2-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> În septembrie 1916, s-a transferat în <a href="/w/index.php?title=Territorial_Army_(United_Kingdom)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Territorial Army (United Kingdom) — pagină inexistentă">rezervele teritoriale</a> de ofițeri unde a rămas până la retragerea din 1924, la vârsta de 50 de ani.<sup id="cite_ref-yeoman2_72-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-yeoman2-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Frontul_de_Vest">Frontul de Vest</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Winston_Churchill&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Modifică secțiunea: Frontul de Vest" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Winston_Churchill&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Frontul de Vest"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Churchill a fost Prim Lord al Amiralității până la începutul <a href="/wiki/Primul_R%C4%83zboi_Mondial" title="Primul Război Mondial">Primului Război Mondial</a>, dar a fost obligat să-și dea demisia după dezastruoasa <a href="/wiki/Campania_Gallipoli" title="Campania Gallipoli">Campanie Gallipoli</a>. A sperat că va fi numit comandant de brigadă, dar în schimb a fost pus la comanda unui batalion. După ce a fost maior în Al Doilea batalion, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Grenadier_Guards&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grenadier Guards — pagină inexistentă">Grenadier Guards</a>, a fost numit <a href="/w/index.php?title=Locotenent-Colonel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Locotenent-Colonel — pagină inexistentă">Locotenent-Colonel</a>, comandând cel de-al șaselea batalion, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Scots_Fusiliers&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Royal Scots Fusiliers — pagină inexistentă">Royal Scots Fusiliers</a> (parte a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Divizia_a_noua_(Sco%C8%9Bia)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Divizia a noua (Scoția) — pagină inexistentă">Diviziei a noua Scoțiene</a>), pe 1 ianuarie 1916. Scrisorile trimisei soției arată că lua parte la acestea pentru a-și reabilita reputația, deși risca să fie omorât. În rolul de comandant a continuat să-și manifeste tactici riscante și nesăbuite, tipar al tuturor acțiunilor sale militare, deși nu era deloc de acord cu omoruri în masă, cum a fost în acțiunile din <a href="/w/index.php?title=Western_Front_(Primul_R%C4%83zboi_Mondial)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Western Front (Primul Război Mondial) — pagină inexistentă">Frontul de Vest</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bill_Deedes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bill Deedes — pagină inexistentă">Lord Deedes</a> a susținut la o adunare a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Historical_Society&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Royal Historical Society — pagină inexistentă">Royal Historical Society</a> în 2001 de ce Churchill a luptat în linia I: „Era cu <a href="/w/index.php?title=Grenadier_Guards&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grenadier Guards — pagină inexistentă">Grenadier Guards</a>, însetați la sediul batalionului. Le plăceau foarte mult ceaiul și laptele condensat, care nu îi plăceau în mod deosebit lui Winston, dar alcoolul era permis în lina I, în tranșee. Așa că i-a sugerat colonelului că ar vrea să vadă mai mult din război și să fie trimis în linia I. Această sugestie a fost mult lăudată de colonel, care considera că era o idee foarte bună.”<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cariera_politică_până_la_al_Doilea_Război_Mondial"><span id="Cariera_politic.C4.83_p.C3.A2n.C4.83_la_al_Doilea_R.C4.83zboi_Mondial"></span>Cariera politică până la al Doilea Război Mondial</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Winston_Churchill&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Modifică secțiunea: Cariera politică până la al Doilea Război Mondial" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Winston_Churchill&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Cariera politică până la al Doilea Război Mondial"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Churchillelectionposteroldham.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Churchillelectionposteroldham.jpg/220px-Churchillelectionposteroldham.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Churchillelectionposteroldham.jpg/330px-Churchillelectionposteroldham.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Churchillelectionposteroldham.jpg/440px-Churchillelectionposteroldham.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="3072" /></a><figcaption>Posterul de campanie electorală al lui Churchill pentru <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alegeri_legislative_%C3%AEn_Regatul_Unit,_1900&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alegeri legislative în Regatul Unit, 1900 — pagină inexistentă">alegerile parlamentare din 1900</a>. A candidat din partea conservatorilor în colegiul Oldham, și a obținut un loc.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Primii_ani_în_Parlament"><span id="Primii_ani_.C3.AEn_Parlament"></span>Primii ani în Parlament</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Winston_Churchill&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Modifică secțiunea: Primii ani în Parlament" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Winston_Churchill&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: Primii ani în Parlament"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Churchill a candidat pentru un post de parlamentar din partea conservatorilor la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alegeri_legislative_%C3%AEn_Regatul_Unit,_1900&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alegeri legislative în Regatul Unit, 1900 — pagină inexistentă">alegerile din 1900</a>, în colegiul Oldham. După ce a fost ales, a ținut discursuri prin Marea Britanie și Statele Unite, strângând 10.000 de lire sterline (aproximativ 800.000 de lire sterline astăzi). În Parlament, s-a alăturat facțiunii <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hughliganii&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hughliganii — pagină inexistentă">Hughliganii</a>, condusă de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hugh_Cecil,_Primul_Baron_de_Quickswood&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hugh Cecil, Primul Baron de Quickswood — pagină inexistentă">Lordul Hugh Cecil</a>. În timpul primelor sesiuni parlamentare s-a opus creșterii cheltuielilor militare<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> și propunerii lui <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Chamberlain" title="Joseph Chamberlain">Joseph Chamberlain</a> de a mări taxele pentru importuri și exporturi, prin care se intenționa protejarea poziției de putere economică a Marii Britanii. După criza de la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Whitsun&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Whitsun — pagină inexistentă">Whitsun</a> din 1904 a trecut în <a href="/w/index.php?title=Partidul_Liberal_(Regatul_Unit)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Partidul Liberal (Regatul Unit) — pagină inexistentă">Partidul Liberal</a>, continuând să militeze pentru <a href="/wiki/Comer%C8%9B_liber" title="Comerț liber">comerțul liber</a>. După ce liberalul <a href="/wiki/Henry_Campbell-Bannerman" title="Henry Campbell-Bannerman">Henry Campbell-Bannerman</a> a fost ales ca prim-ministru, în decembrie 1905, Churchill a devenit <a href="/w/index.php?title=Subsecretar_de_stat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Subsecretar de stat — pagină inexistentă">subsecretar de stat</a> pentru colonii, ocupându-se în principal, după <a href="/wiki/Al_Doilea_R%C4%83zboi_al_Burilor" title="Al Doilea Război al Burilor">Războiul Burilor</a>, de Africa de Sud. Din 1903 până în 1905, Churchill a scris <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lord_Randolph_Churchill_(carte)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lord Randolph Churchill (carte) — pagină inexistentă">Lord Randolph Churchill</a></i>, o biografie despre tatăl său în două volume, care a fost publicată în 1906 și apreciată de critici.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>După pierderea locului din partea Oldhamului, Churchill a fost invitat să candideze din partea colegiului <a href="/w/index.php?title=Manchester_North_West_(colegiu_parlamentar_din_Regatul_Unit)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Manchester North West (colegiu parlamentar din Regatul Unit) — pagină inexistentă">Manchester North West</a>. A fost ales pe un loc în <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alegeri_legislative_%C3%AEn_Regatul_Unit,_1906&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alegeri legislative în Regatul Unit, 1906 — pagină inexistentă">alegerile din 1906</a> cu majoritate de voturi, 1214, și a reprezentat colegiul pentru doi ani, până în 1908.<sup id="cite_ref-centre-710_77-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-centre-710-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Când Campbell-Bannerman a fost urmat de <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Henry_Asquith" class="mw-redirect" title="Herbert Henry Asquith">Herbert Henry Asquith</a> în 1908, Churchill a fost numit în postul de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pre%C8%99edinte_al_Camerei_de_Comer%C8%9B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Președinte al Camerei de Comerț — pagină inexistentă">președinte al Camerei de Comerț</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-gilbert_69-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gilbert-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Conform legii din acea perioadă, un cabinet nou numit era obligat să ceară reorganizarea alegerilor; Churchill și-a pierdut postul de parlamentar dar a fost reales ca membrul în colegiul Dundee. Ca președinte al Camerei de Comerț s-a alăturat noului cancelar <a href="/wiki/David_Lloyd_George" title="David Lloyd George">Lloyd George</a> în încercarea de a se opune propunerii lui <a href="/w/index.php?title=Reginald_McKenna&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reginald McKenna — pagină inexistentă">Reginald McKenna</a>, Prim lord al Amiralității, la creșterea cheltuielilor pentru construirea de nave de război și pentru a susține reformele liberalilor.<sup id="cite_ref-toye_78-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-toye-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> În 1908, a introdus Trade Boards Bill, fixând pentru prima dată salariu minim în Marea Britanie,<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> În 1909, a inițiat Legea privind bursa muncii, pentru a ajuta șomerii să-și găsească un loc de muncă.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A pus bazele sistemului de securitate socială prin National Insurance Act din 1911.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fiind admirator al <a href="/wiki/Eugenism" title="Eugenism">euginiștilor</a>, a participat la crearea Mental Deficiency Act 1913, deși a fost respinsă propunerea sa de <a href="/wiki/Sterilizare" class="mw-disambig" title="Sterilizare">sterilizare</a> a oamenilor cu deficiențe mentale în favoarea internării acestora în instituții de psihiatrie.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Churchill_1904_Q_42037.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Churchill_1904_Q_42037.jpg/220px-Churchill_1904_Q_42037.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="315" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Churchill_1904_Q_42037.jpg/330px-Churchill_1904_Q_42037.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Churchill_1904_Q_42037.jpg/440px-Churchill_1904_Q_42037.jpg 2x" data-file-width="559" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>Churchill în 1904</figcaption></figure> <p>Churchill a susținut <a href="/w/index.php?title=People%27s_Budget&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="People's Budget — pagină inexistentă">People's Budget</a>, proiect care a fost aprobat de Parlament,<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> devenind președinte al Ligii Bugeturilor, o organizație creată ca răspuns opoziției "Budget Protest League".<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Se cerea introducerea de noi taxe pentru cei bogați pentru a ajuta la crearea unor noi programe de asistență socială. Legea bugetului din 1909 a fost aprobată de <a href="/wiki/Camera_Comunelor_din_Regatul_Unit" class="mw-redirect" title="Camera Comunelor din Regatul Unit">Camera Comunelor</a>, dar respinsă de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Camera_Lorzilor_din_Regatul_Unit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Camera Lorzilor din Regatul Unit — pagină inexistentă">Camera Lorzilor</a>. Liberalii au câștigat alegerile legislative din ianuarie și decembrie 1910, susținându-și astfel reformele. Bugetul a fost aprobat după <a href="/w/index.php?title=Parliament_Act_1911&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Parliament Act 1911 — pagină inexistentă">Parliament Act 1911</a>. În 1910, a fost promovat pe postul de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Home_Secretary&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Home Secretary — pagină inexistentă">Home Secretary</a>. Mandatul său a fost controversat, după declarațiile și acțiunile sale de la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Asediul_str%C4%83zii_Sidney&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Asediul străzii Sidney — pagină inexistentă">Asediul străzii Sidney</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Revolta_Tonypandy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Revolta Tonypandy — pagină inexistentă">Revolta Tonypandy</a> și în legătură cu <a href="/wiki/Sufraget%C4%83" title="Sufragetă">sufragetele</a>. </p><p>În 1910, mai mulți <a href="/wiki/Miner" title="Miner">mineri</a> de cărbune din <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rhondda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rhondda — pagină inexistentă">Valea Rhondda</a> au început Revolta Tonypandy.<sup id="cite_ref-toye_78-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-toye-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Șeful poliției din Glamorgan a cerut să fie trimise trupe care să vină în ajutorul poliției pentru a înnăbuși revolta. Churchill a permis trupelor să meargă până în <a href="/wiki/Swindon" title="Swindon">Swindon</a> și <a href="/wiki/Cardiff" title="Cardiff">Cardiff</a> dar nu le-a permis să se stabilească acolo. Pe 9 noiembrie, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Times" title="The Times">The Times</a></i> a criticat această decizie. Zvonurile de atunci spun că Churchill le-a ordonat trupelor să atace, iar reputația sa în Țara Galilor și în cercurile Laburiștilor nu a mai putut fi reparată.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Sidney_street_churchill.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Sidney_street_churchill.jpg/220px-Sidney_street_churchill.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Sidney_street_churchill.jpg/330px-Sidney_street_churchill.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Sidney_street_churchill.jpg/440px-Sidney_street_churchill.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="429" /></a><figcaption>Winston Churchill (<i>în carcul transparent</i>) pe Strada Sidney (3 ianuarie 1911)</figcaption></figure> <p>În ianuarie 1911, Churchill a făcut o vizită controversată la Londra pentru a asista la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Asediul_str%C4%83zii_Sidney&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Asediul străzii Sidney — pagină inexistentă">Asediul străzii Sidney</a>. Nu se știe sigur dacă a încercat să dea comenzi operaționale. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Arthur_Balfour&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arthur Balfour — pagină inexistentă">Arthur Balfour</a> remarca, "el [Churchill] și un fotograf își riscau viețile. Înțeleg ce făcea fotograful, dar ce căuta un gentelman [The Right Honourable] ca el acolo?"<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Biograful <a href="/wiki/Roy_Jenkins" class="mw-redirect" title="Roy Jenkins">Roy Jenkins</a> sugerează că s-a dus acolo pentru că „nu putea rezista fără să vadă aceasta” și că nu a dat comenzi.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> O altă istorisire spune că poliția căuta un anarhist și criminal <a href="/wiki/Letoni" title="Letoni">leton</a>, prinzându-l într-o casă. Churchill, a chemat <a href="/w/index.php?title=Scots_Guards&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Scots Guards — pagină inexistentă">Scots Guards</a> din <a href="/wiki/Turnul_Londrei" title="Turnul Londrei">Turnul Londrei</a> și, purtând un joben și un palton, a condus operațiunile. Casa a luat foc iar Churchill a oprit pompierii să stingă focul pentru ca oamenii dinăuntru să moară incendiați. „Am crezut că e mai bine să las casa să ardă decât să mai pierdem multe vieți de britanici cinstiți în încercarea de a-i salva pe acești cruzi ticăloși."<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Propunerea lui Churchill cu privire la sufragete a fost să se organizeze un referendum, dar <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Henry_Asquith" class="mw-redirect" title="Herbert Henry Asquith">Herbert Henry Asquith</a> nu a fost de acord iar cererile femeilor au rămas nerezolvate până la Primul Război Mondial.<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>În 1911, Churchill a fost transferat în oficiul Primului Lord al Amiralității, post pe care l-a deținut pe perioada Primului Război Mondial. A impulsionat trecerea mai multor reforme, incluzând dezvoltarea <a href="/wiki/Avia%C8%9Bie_naval%C4%83" title="Aviație navală">aviației navale</a> (el însuși luând lecții de zbor),<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> construirea de noi cuirasate mai mari, tancuri, și înlocuirea cărbunelui cu petrolul în <a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Navy">Marina Regală</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Primul_Război_Mondial_și_Coaliția_de_după_război"><span id="Primul_R.C4.83zboi_Mondial_.C8.99i_Coali.C8.9Bia_de_dup.C4.83_r.C4.83zboi"></span>Primul Război Mondial și Coaliția de după război</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Winston_Churchill&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Modifică secțiunea: Primul Război Mondial și Coaliția de după război" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Winston_Churchill&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section's source code: Primul Război Mondial și Coaliția de după război"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pe 5 octombrie 1914, Churchill a mers la <a href="/wiki/Anvers" title="Anvers">Anvers</a>, zonă pe care guvernul Belgian voia să o evacueze. Brigada <a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Marine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Royal Marine — pagină inexistentă">Marinei Regale</a> era acolo iar la insistențele lui Churchill au fost trimise Prima și a Doua brigadă navală. Anvers a capitulat pe 10 octombrie 2500 de oameni murind. Zona a fost ocupată de trupele germane. În această perioadă a fost criticat pentru risipirea resurselor.<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Acțiunile sale au prelungit rezistența cu o săptămână, salvând astfel orașele <a href="/wiki/Calais" title="Calais">Calais</a> și <a href="/wiki/Dunkerque" title="Dunkerque">Dunkerque</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Churchill a fost implicat în fabricarea de <a href="/wiki/Tanc" title="Tanc">tancuri</a>, care au fost finanțate din fondurile marinei.<sup id="cite_ref-WW1Tank_94-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WW1Tank-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A mers la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Landships_Committee&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Landships Committee — pagină inexistentă">Landships Committee</a> care era responsabil pentru constituirea primelor trupe care să lupte cu tancuri și, deși după un deceniu bătăliile cu tancuri au adus victorii tactice, la acea vreme a fost văzută ca risipire de fonduri.<sup id="cite_ref-WW1Tank_94-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WW1Tank-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> În 1915, a fost unul din politicienii și inginerii militari responsabili pentru dezastrul din <a href="/wiki/Campania_Gallipoli" title="Campania Gallipoli">Campania Gallipoli</a> din timpul Primului Război Mondial.<sup id="cite_ref-Dardanelles_95-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dardanelles-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Când <a href="/wiki/H._H._Asquith" title="H. H. Asquith">primul ministru Asquith</a> a format un guvernul cu o coaliție între toate partidele, conservatorii au cerut retrogradarea lui Churchill.<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:WinstonChurchill1916Army.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/WinstonChurchill1916Army.gif/220px-WinstonChurchill1916Army.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="273" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/WinstonChurchill1916Army.gif/330px-WinstonChurchill1916Army.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/WinstonChurchill1916Army.gif/440px-WinstonChurchill1916Army.gif 2x" data-file-width="1169" data-file-height="1453" /></a><figcaption>Churchill cu <a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Scots_Fusiliers&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Royal Scots Fusiliers — pagină inexistentă">Royal Scots Fusiliers</a>, 1916</figcaption></figure> <p>Pentru mai multe luni Churchill a servit ca <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sinecur%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sinecură — pagină inexistentă">sinecură</a> pentru <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cancelarul_Duceatului_Lancaster&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cancelarul Duceatului Lancaster — pagină inexistentă">Cancelarul Duceatului Lancaster</a>. Pe 15 noiembrie și-a dat demisia din guvern, simțind că nu se apelează la el<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> și, deși a rămas membru al parlamentului, a luptat pentru câteva lui pe <a href="/w/index.php?title=Frontul_de_Vest&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frontul de Vest — pagină inexistentă">Frontul de Vest</a> la comanda Batalionului al șaselea al <a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Scots_Fusiliers&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Royal Scots Fusiliers — pagină inexistentă">Royal Scots Fusiliers</a>, cu gradul de <a href="/wiki/Locotenent-colonel" title="Locotenent-colonel">locotenent-colonel</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-army.mod.uk_99-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-army.mod.uk-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sub comanda sa au fost făcute 36 de incursiuni în teritorii disputate, iar partea sa de front de la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ploegsteert_Wood&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ploegsteert Wood — pagină inexistentă">Ploegsteert</a> a devenit una din cele mai active.<sup id="cite_ref-army.mod.uk_99-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-army.mod.uk-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> În martie 1916, Churchill s-a întors în Anglia, dorind să vorbească din nou în Camera Comunelor.<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Viitorul prim-ministru <a href="/wiki/David_Lloyd_George" title="David Lloyd George">David Lloyd George</a> l-a criticat cu asprime: „Vei descoperi într-o zi că stările mentale care reies din scrisori [tale] reprezintă motivul pentru care nu avem încredere în tine nici măcar când comanzi armata. În fiecare rând, interesele naționale sunt complet umbrite de grijile tale personale.”<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> În iulie 1917, Churchill a fost numit în funcția de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ministerul_Muni%C8%9Biilor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ministerul Munițiilor — pagină inexistentă">ministru al munițiilor</a>, iar în ianuarie 1919, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Secretar_de_Stat_pentru_R%C4%83zboi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Secretar de Stat pentru Război — pagină inexistentă">Secretar de Stat pentru Război</a> și <a href="/w/index.php?title=Secretar_de_stat_al_Avia%C8%9Biei&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Secretar de stat al Aviației — pagină inexistentă">Secretar de stat al Aviației</a>. A fost principalul promotor al <a href="/w/index.php?title=Regula_de_zece_ani&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Regula de zece ani — pagină inexistentă">Regulii de zece ani</a>, un principiu care permitea trezoreriei să domine și să controleze strategic, să ducă politici financiare externe sub pretextul că „nu va mai fi un mare război european pentru următorii cinci sau zece ani”.<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>O mare preocupare din timpul funcției în <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cabinetul_de_r%C4%83zboi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cabinetul de război — pagină inexistentă">Cabinetul de război</a> a fost intervenția aliaților în <a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C4%83boiul_Civil_Rus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Răboiul Civil Rus — pagină inexistentă">Răboiul Civil Rus</a>. Churchill a fost susținător ferm al intervenției străine, declarând că <a href="/wiki/Bol%C8%99evism" class="mw-redirect" title="Bolșevism">bolșevismul</a> trebuie „tăiat de la rădăcină”.<sup id="cite_ref-centre-282_103-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-centre-282-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A asigurat, într-un cabinet divizat și prost organizat, intensificarea și prelungirea implicării brritanicilor beyond the wishes of any major group in Parliament or the nation—and in the face of the bitter hostility of Labour. În 1920, după ce ultimele <a href="/wiki/For%C8%9Bele_Armate_Britanice" title="Forțele Armate Britanice">Forțele Armate Britanice</a> au fost retrase, Churchill a trimis armatele la Poles când au invadat <a href="/wiki/Ucraina" title="Ucraina">Ucraina</a>. A fost de asemenea inspirat în trimiterea de forțe para-militare (Black and Tans și Auxiliarie) în Războiul Anglo-Irlandez.<sup id="cite_ref-Jordan1995_104-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jordan1995-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A devenit <a href="/w/index.php?title=Secretar_de_Stat_pentru_Colonii&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Secretar de Stat pentru Colonii — pagină inexistentă">Secretar de Stat pentru Colonii</a> în 1921 și a fost unul din semnatarii <a href="/wiki/Tratatul_Anglo-Irlandez" class="mw-redirect" title="Tratatul Anglo-Irlandez">Tratatului Anglo-Irlandez</a> in 1921, care stabilea <a href="/wiki/Statul_Liber_Irlandez" title="Statul Liber Irlandez">Statul Liber Irlandez</a>. Churchill a fost implciat în lungile negocieri ale tratatului pentru a proteja interesele britanice privind țărmurile. S-a înțeles cu Statul Liber Irlandez ca Marea Britanie să preia trei porturi irlandeze: Queenstown (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Cobh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cobh — pagină inexistentă">Cobh</a>), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Berehaven&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Berehaven — pagină inexistentă">Berehaven</a> și <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lough_Swilly&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lough Swilly — pagină inexistentă">Lough Swilly</a>, care puteau fi folosite ca baze spre Atlantic de Marina Regală.<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> În 1938, după înțelegerea dintre Chamberlain și De Valera <a href="/w/index.php?title=Acordul_Comercial_Anglo-Irlandez&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Acordul Comercial Anglo-Irlandez — pagină inexistentă">Acordul Comercial Anglo-Irlandez</a> porturile au fost returnate Statului Liber Irlandez. </p><p>Churchill a pledat pentru utilizarea de gaze lacrimogene împotriva triburilor de kurzi din <a href="/wiki/Irak" title="Irak">Irak</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Deși britanicii au luat în considerare utilizarea de gazuri otravătoare în înăbușirea rebeliunilor kurzilor, nu a fost folosit, deoarece metoda convențională de bombardare a fost considerată mai eficientă.<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>În 1923, a fost consultant al Burmah Oil (acum <a href="/w/index.php?title=BP_plc&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="BP plc — pagină inexistentă">BP plc</a>) pentru a convinge guvernul britanic să le permită birmanezilor să aibă control total asupra resurselor iraniene de petrol, care au fost acordate.<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Întoarcerea_în_Partidul_Conservator-_Cancelar_al_Trezoreriei"><span id=".C3.8Entoarcerea_.C3.AEn_Partidul_Conservator-_Cancelar_al_Trezoreriei"></span>Întoarcerea în Partidul Conservator- Cancelar al Trezoreriei</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Winston_Churchill&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Modifică secțiunea: Întoarcerea în Partidul Conservator- Cancelar al Trezoreriei" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Winston_Churchill&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section's source code: Întoarcerea în Partidul Conservator- Cancelar al Trezoreriei"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>În septembrie, Partidul Conservator s-a retras din guvernul de coaliție în urma unei întâlniri de backbencheri nemulțumiți cu gestionarea <a href="/wiki/Criza_%C3%87anakkale" title="Criza Çanakkale">Crizei Çanakkale</a>, o mișcare care a precipitat alegerile legislative din octombrie 1922. Churchill s-a îmbolnăvit în timpul campaniei, și a suportat o intervenție chirurgicală, o <a href="/w/index.php?title=Apendicectomie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Apendicectomie — pagină inexistentă">apendicectomie</a>. </p><p>Pentru continuare, a se vedea <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scribd.com/doc/25109085/Sir-Winston-Leonard-Spencer">Activitate politică</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Motivația_Juriului_Nobel"><span id="Motiva.C8.9Bia_Juriului_Nobel"></span>Motivația Juriului Nobel</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Winston_Churchill&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Modifică secțiunea: Motivația Juriului Nobel" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Winston_Churchill&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section's source code: Motivația Juriului Nobel"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>„<i>... pentru măiestria descrierii istorice și biografice, precum și pentru strălucita sa oratorie în apărarea înaltelor valori umane</i>”<sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Viața"><span id="Via.C8.9Ba"></span>Viața</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Winston_Churchill&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Modifică secțiunea: Viața" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Winston_Churchill&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section's source code: Viața"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Winston Churchill s-a născut la șapte luni în cadrul căsătoriei contractată cu opt luni înainte între lordul Randolph Churchill, descendent al familiei Marlborough și <a href="/wiki/Lady_Randolph_Churchill" title="Lady Randolph Churchill">Lady Randolph Churchill</a> (născută Jennie Jerome), fiica milionarului american Leonard Jerome. </p><p>Winston Churchill a fost corespondent de presă în <a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a> în timpul campaniei spaniole din <a href="/wiki/1895" title="1895">1895</a>. De asemeni, a participat la campaniile militare din <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>, <a href="/wiki/Egipt" title="Egipt">Egipt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a>, și la războiul burilor. A fost membru al parlamentului din 1900; ministru în diferite guverne între <a href="/wiki/1908" title="1908">1908</a> - <a href="/wiki/1929" title="1929">1929</a>; lord al amiralității între <a href="/wiki/1911" title="1911">1911</a> - <a href="/wiki/1915" title="1915">1915</a>; lider al partidului conservator între <a href="/wiki/1940" title="1940">1940</a> - <a href="/wiki/1955" title="1955">1955</a>; prim ministru între <a href="/wiki/1940" title="1940">1940</a> - <a href="/wiki/1945" title="1945">1945</a> și <a href="/wiki/1951" title="1951">1951</a> - <a href="/wiki/1955" title="1955">1955</a>. </p><p>Pe lângă prestigioasa sa activitate politică, militară și statală, Winston Churchill a avut o imensă activitate literară în domeniile de memorialistică, istorie și publicistică, fiind și un excepțional orator. </p><p>Datorită vastei sale activități politice, Winston Churchill este recunoscut ca unul din cei mai importanți conducători din istoria Regatului Unit și a lumii întregi. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Scrieri">Scrieri</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Winston_Churchill&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Modifică secțiunea: Scrieri" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Winston_Churchill&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section's source code: Scrieri"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Winston_Churchill_%26_alcohol.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Winston_Churchill_%26_alcohol.jpg/220px-Winston_Churchill_%26_alcohol.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Winston_Churchill_%26_alcohol.jpg/330px-Winston_Churchill_%26_alcohol.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Winston_Churchill_%26_alcohol.jpg/440px-Winston_Churchill_%26_alcohol.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1088" data-file-height="713" /></a><figcaption>Winston Churchill a primit în 1932 aprobarea unui medic de a bea alcool „nelimitat” în Statele Unite, în perioada prohibiției.</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><i>The Story of the Malakand Field</i> (Istoria armatei active de la Malakand) - <a href="/wiki/1898" title="1898">1898</a></li> <li><i>The River War</i> (Războiul fluviului) - <a href="/wiki/1899" title="1899">1899</a></li> <li><i>Savrona</i> (roman) - <a href="/wiki/1900" title="1900">1900</a></li> <li><i>For Free Trade</i> (Pentru un comerț liber) - <a href="/wiki/1906" title="1906">1906</a></li> <li><i>Lord Randolph Churchill</i>, 2 vol. - <a href="/wiki/1906" title="1906">1906</a></li> <li><i>My African Journey</i> (Călătoria mea prin Africa) - <a href="/wiki/1908" title="1908">1908</a></li> <li><i>The World Crisis</i> (Criza mondială, 6 vol.) - <a href="/wiki/1923" title="1923">1923</a> - <a href="/wiki/1931" title="1931">1931</a></li> <li><i>My Early Life</i> (Anii mei de tinerețe) - <a href="/wiki/1930" title="1930">1930</a></li> <li><i>India</i> - <a href="/wiki/1931" title="1931">1931</a></li> <li><i>Marlborough</i>, 4 vol. - <a href="/wiki/1933" title="1933">1933</a> - <a href="/wiki/1938" title="1938">1938</a></li> <li><i>Great Contemporaries</i> (Mari contemporani) - <a href="/wiki/1937" title="1937">1937</a></li> <li><i>Step by Step</i> (Încetul cu încetul - discursuri) - <a href="/wiki/1939" title="1939">1939</a></li> <li><i>Victory</i> (Victoria - discursuri) - <a href="/wiki/1946" title="1946">1946</a></li> <li><i>The Second World War</i>, 6 vol. (Cel de al doilea război mondial) - <a href="/wiki/1948" title="1948">1948</a> - <a href="/wiki/1954" title="1954">1954</a></li> <li><i>In the Balance</i> (În cumpănă - discursuri) - <a href="/wiki/1951" title="1951">1951</a></li> <li><i>War Speeches</i>, 3 vol.(Discursuri de război) - <a href="/wiki/1951" title="1951">1951</a></li> <li><i>A History of the English-speaking Peoples</i>, 4 vol. (Istoria popoarelor vorbitoare de limbă engleză<i> - <a href="/wiki/1956" title="1956">1956</a> - <a href="/wiki/1958" title="1958">1958</a></i></li> <li><i>Frontiers and Wars</i> (Frontiere și războaie) - <a href="/wiki/1962" title="1962">1962</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Note">Note</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Winston_Churchill&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Modifică secțiunea: Note" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Winston_Churchill&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section's source code: Note"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-566ccb73879bea71c3c9df7abc05eb55-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-566ccb73879bea71c3c9df7abc05eb55_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-566ccb73879bea71c3c9df7abc05eb55_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-566ccb73879bea71c3c9df7abc05eb55_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-566ccb73879bea71c3c9df7abc05eb55_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-566ccb73879bea71c3c9df7abc05eb55_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-566ccb73879bea71c3c9df7abc05eb55_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-566ccb73879bea71c3c9df7abc05eb55_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-566ccb73879bea71c3c9df7abc05eb55_1-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-566ccb73879bea71c3c9df7abc05eb55_1-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-566ccb73879bea71c3c9df7abc05eb55_1-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-566ccb73879bea71c3c9df7abc05eb55_1-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-566ccb73879bea71c3c9df7abc05eb55_1-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-566ccb73879bea71c3c9df7abc05eb55_1-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/index.html"><i><span lang="en">Hansard 1803–2005</span></i></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22en%22%3EHansard+1803%E2%80%932005%3C%2Fspan%3E&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.parliament.uk%2Fhistoric-hansard%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AWinston+Churchill" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-efc9168b6327ad38291ea280c81e7104-2"><b><a href="#cite_ref-efc9168b6327ad38291ea280c81e7104_2-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/43813/data.pdf"><i><span lang="en">The London Gazette 43813</span></i></a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>, p. 10527<span class="reference-accessdate">, accesat în <time datetime="2021-03-17">17 martie 2021</time></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22en%22%3EThe+London+Gazette+43813%3C%2Fspan%3E&rft.pages=10527&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thegazette.co.uk%2FLondon%2Fissue%2F43813%2Fdata.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AWinston+Churchill" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-299a20a71baa014ae97fbc6b0c3e450f-3"><b><a href="#cite_ref-299a20a71baa014ae97fbc6b0c3e450f_3-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/35326/data.pdf"><i><span lang="en">The London Gazette 35326</span></i></a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>, p. 6247<span class="reference-accessdate">, accesat în <time datetime="2021-03-17">17 martie 2021</time></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22en%22%3EThe+London+Gazette+35326%3C%2Fspan%3E&rft.pages=6247&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thegazette.co.uk%2FLondon%2Fissue%2F35326%2Fdata.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AWinston+Churchill" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-225ce1a051cddb511fd934d3f236a500-4"><b><a href="#cite_ref-225ce1a051cddb511fd934d3f236a500_4-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/34777/data.pdf"><i><span lang="en">The London Gazette 34777</span></i></a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>, p. 459<span class="reference-accessdate">, accesat în <time datetime="2021-03-18">18 martie 2021</time></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22en%22%3EThe+London+Gazette+34777%3C%2Fspan%3E&rft.pages=459&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thegazette.co.uk%2FLondon%2Fissue%2F34777%2Fdata.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AWinston+Churchill" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3bbef8849b75ad740d3e2d28ea2d67e5-5"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3bbef8849b75ad740d3e2d28ea2d67e5_5-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/28129/data.pdf"><i><span lang="en">The London Gazette 28129</span></i></a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>, p. 2936</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22en%22%3EThe+London+Gazette+28129%3C%2Fspan%3E&rft.pages=2936&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thegazette.co.uk%2FLondon%2Fissue%2F28129%2Fdata.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AWinston+Churchill" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-e8848b02771b7cdc6b4961987093a40e-6">^ <a href="#cite_ref-e8848b02771b7cdc6b4961987093a40e_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-e8848b02771b7cdc6b4961987093a40e_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-e8848b02771b7cdc6b4961987093a40e_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-e8848b02771b7cdc6b4961987093a40e_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-e8848b02771b7cdc6b4961987093a40e_6-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-e8848b02771b7cdc6b4961987093a40e_6-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-e8848b02771b7cdc6b4961987093a40e_6-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://portal.dnb.de/"><i><span lang="de">Katalog der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek</span></i></a><span class="reference-accessdate">, accesat în <time datetime="2024-08-30">30 august 2024</time></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22de%22%3EKatalog+der+Deutschen+Nationalbibliothek%3C%2Fspan%3E&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fportal.dnb.de%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AWinston+Churchill" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-1b065a7fce627386a11223158b0c05e8-7">^ <a href="#cite_ref-1b065a7fce627386a11223158b0c05e8_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-1b065a7fce627386a11223158b0c05e8_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.enciclopedia.cat/gran-enciclopedia-catalana"><i>Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill</i></a>, Gran Enciclopèdia Catalana</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Winston+Leonard+Spencer+Churchill&rft.pub=Gran+Enciclop%C3%A8dia+Catalana&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.enciclopedia.cat%2Fgran-enciclopedia-catalana&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AWinston+Churchill" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-f5c5d791db6ed060de96acc26b6bd4ac-8">^ <a href="#cite_ref-f5c5d791db6ed060de96acc26b6bd4ac_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-f5c5d791db6ed060de96acc26b6bd4ac_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.filmportal.de/"><i>Winston Churchill</i></a>, Filmportal.de<span class="reference-accessdate">, accesat în <time datetime="2017-10-09">9 octombrie 2017</time></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Winston+Churchill&rft.pub=Filmportal.de&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.filmportal.de%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AWinston+Churchill" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bcb9ef716f90982d5b1db4578ddb4c5f-9">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bcb9ef716f90982d5b1db4578ddb4c5f_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bcb9ef716f90982d5b1db4578ddb4c5f_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bcb9ef716f90982d5b1db4578ddb4c5f_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/"><i>Autoritatea BnF</i></a><span class="reference-accessdate">, accesat în <time datetime="2015-10-10">10 octombrie 2015</time></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Autoritatea+BnF&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.bnf.fr%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AWinston+Churchill" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-de3db3d774375485563502b1decdfa8b-10">^ <a href="#cite_ref-de3db3d774375485563502b1decdfa8b_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-de3db3d774375485563502b1decdfa8b_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.artarchiv.cz/"><i><span lang="en">The Fine Art Archive</span></i></a><span class="reference-accessdate">, accesat în <time datetime="2021-04-01">1 aprilie 2021</time></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22en%22%3EThe+Fine+Art+Archive%3C%2Fspan%3E&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.artarchiv.cz%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AWinston+Churchill" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20cc1faf8c43bf523f9c7cae2411278f-11">^ <a href="#cite_ref-20cc1faf8c43bf523f9c7cae2411278f_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-20cc1faf8c43bf523f9c7cae2411278f_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://proleksis.lzmk.hr"><i>Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill</i></a>, <span lang="hr">Opća i nacionalna enciklopedija</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Winston+Leonard+Spencer+Churchill&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22hr%22%3EOp%C4%87a+i+nacionalna+enciklopedija%3C%2Fspan%3E&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fproleksis.lzmk.hr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AWinston+Churchill" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-a7a3e6f6f073866b65d7f4e14048947e-12"><b><a href="#cite_ref-a7a3e6f6f073866b65d7f4e14048947e_12-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.express.co.uk/news/history/554733/Sir-Winston-Churchill-State-Funeral-50-Anniversary-Wartime-Prime-Minister">http://www.express.co.uk/news/history/554733/Sir-Winston-Churchill-State-Funeral-50-Anniversary-Wartime-Prime-Minister</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.express.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fhistory%2F554733%2FSir-Winston-Churchill-State-Funeral-50-Anniversary-Wartime-Prime-Minister&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AWinston+Churchill" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Lipsește sau este vid: <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|title=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Ajutor:Erori_CS1#citation_missing_title" title="Ajutor:Erori CS1">ajutor</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-087c217be1c32d41bad8f549109feaf0-13"><b><a href="#cite_ref-087c217be1c32d41bad8f549109feaf0_13-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britishpathe.com/video/winston-85-not-out/query/clementine">http://www.britishpathe.com/video/winston-85-not-out/query/clementine</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.britishpathe.com%2Fvideo%2Fwinston-85-not-out%2Fquery%2Fclementine&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AWinston+Churchill" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Lipsește sau este vid: <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|title=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Ajutor:Erori_CS1#citation_missing_title" title="Ajutor:Erori CS1">ajutor</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-284649aeb1cfd23adb1ecee122d031d1-14">^ <a href="#cite_ref-284649aeb1cfd23adb1ecee122d031d1_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-284649aeb1cfd23adb1ecee122d031d1_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-284649aeb1cfd23adb1ecee122d031d1_14-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-284649aeb1cfd23adb1ecee122d031d1_14-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-284649aeb1cfd23adb1ecee122d031d1_14-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-284649aeb1cfd23adb1ecee122d031d1_14-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-284649aeb1cfd23adb1ecee122d031d1_14-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-284649aeb1cfd23adb1ecee122d031d1_14-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kindred.stanford.edu"><i><span lang="en">Kindred Britain</span></i></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22en%22%3EKindred+Britain%3C%2Fspan%3E&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fkindred.stanford.edu&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AWinston+Churchill" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5ee1647bb4bbd8e1e8388b8b9fa840bf-15">^ <a href="#cite_ref-5ee1647bb4bbd8e1e8388b8b9fa840bf_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-5ee1647bb4bbd8e1e8388b8b9fa840bf_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-5ee1647bb4bbd8e1e8388b8b9fa840bf_15-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-5ee1647bb4bbd8e1e8388b8b9fa840bf_15-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-5ee1647bb4bbd8e1e8388b8b9fa840bf_15-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://thepeerage.com/"><i>The Peerage</i></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Peerage&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fthepeerage.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AWinston+Churchill" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ee5756328d47bb9367505bebe3a33598-16"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ee5756328d47bb9367505bebe3a33598_16-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nytimes.com/learning/general/onthisday/big/0114.html">http://www.nytimes.com/learning/general/onthisday/big/0114.html</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2Flearning%2Fgeneral%2Fonthisday%2Fbig%2F0114.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AWinston+Churchill" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Lipsește sau este vid: <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|title=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Ajutor:Erori_CS1#citation_missing_title" title="Ajutor:Erori CS1">ajutor</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7b57188bc0d7f319161273f241f2c260-17"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7b57188bc0d7f319161273f241f2c260_17-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation"><i><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16744133" class="extiw" title="d:Q16744133">CONOR.SI</a><abbr title="Articolul încă nu există în acest wiki">[*]</abbr><span style="display:none"><a href="/w/index.php?title=CONOR.SI_(authority_control_file_for_author_and_corporate_names_in_Slovene_system_COBISS)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CONOR.SI (authority control file for author and corporate names in Slovene system COBISS) — pagină inexistentă">​</a></span></i></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%26%238203%3B&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AWinston+Churchill" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment"><span style="font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Verificați valoarea <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|titlelink=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Ajutor:Erori_CS1#bad_paramlink" title="Ajutor:Erori CS1">ajutor</a>)</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-news-18"><b><a href="#cite_ref-news_18-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Gould, Peter (<time datetime="2005-04-08">8 aprilie 2005</time>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/4421081.stm">„Largest Assemblage of Statesmen at funeral since Churchill”</a>. <i>BBC News</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Largest+Assemblage+of+Statesmen+at+funeral+since+Churchill&rft.date=2005-04-08&rft.aulast=Gould&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fworld%2Feurope%2F4421081.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AWinston+Churchill" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Jenkins, p. 7</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Darryl Lundy. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thepeerage.com/p10620.htm#i106196">„Rt. Hon. Sir Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill”</a>. thePeerage.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2007-12-20">20 decembrie 2007</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Rt.+Hon.+Sir+Winston+Leonard+Spencer+Churchill&rft.pub=thePeerage.com&rft.au=Darryl+Lundy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thepeerage.com%2Fp10620.htm%23i106196&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AWinston+Churchill" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Jenkins, pp. 1–20</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120122151812/http://www.civildefence.ie/cdweb.nsf/documents/AEEB06284977F81C80256E8A003C631F">„Introduction to Civil Defence in Ireland – Background”</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Civil_Defence_Ireland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Civil Defence Ireland — pagină inexistentă">Civil Defence College</a> (Ireland). Arhivat din <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.civildefence.ie/cdweb.nsf/documents/AEEB06284977F81C80256E8A003C631F">original</a> la <time datetime="2012-01-22">22 ianuarie 2012</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2011-10-28">28 octombrie 2011</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Introduction+to+Civil+Defence+in+Ireland+%E2%80%93+Background&rft.pub=Civil+Defence+College+%28Ireland%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.civildefence.ie%2Fcdweb.nsf%2Fdocuments%2FAEEB06284977F81C80256E8A003C631F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AWinston+Churchill" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">O’Farrell, Padraic (2000). <i>Down Ratra Road: Fifty Years of Civil Defence in Ireland</i>. Dublin: Stationery Office. <a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/9780707665061" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-7076-6506-1</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Jenkins, p. 10</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Jordan, Anthony (1995). <i>Churchill: A Founder of Modern Ireland</i>. Dublin: Westport Books. pp. 11–12. <a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/9780952444701" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-9524447-0-1</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.independent.ie/lifestyle/secret-history-of-the-phoenix-park-2993645.html">Secret history of the Phoenix Park - Lifestyle - Independent.ie</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Centre-Hussars-27">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Centre-Hussars_27-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Centre-Hussars_27-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Centre-Hussars_27-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Centre-Hussars_27-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.winstonchurchill.org/learn/biography/the-soldier/lt-churchill-4th-queens-own-hussars">Lt Churchill: 4th Queen's Own Hussars</a>, The Churchill Centre. Retrieved 28 august 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Jenkins, pp. 10–11</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Haffner, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=FI2LNFtBLasC&pg=PA32&dq=die+young">p. 32</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thehistoryblog.com/archives/6954">„Churchill's teeth sell for almost $24,000”</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Churchill%27s+teeth+sell+for+almost+%2424%2C000&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehistoryblog.com%2Farchives%2F6954&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AWinston+Churchill" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Oliver, Robert Tarbell (1987-10). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/?id=Fb3PKOd6A2cC&pg=PA162"><i>Public speaking in the reshaping of..</i></a> Google books. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/9780874133158" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/9780874133158">9780874133158</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <span class="nowrap">12 aprilie</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Public+speaking+in+the+reshaping+of...&rft.pub=Google+books&rft.isbn=9780874133158&rft.au=Oliver%2C+Robert+Tarbell&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DFb3PKOd6A2cC%26pg%3DPA162&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AWinston+Churchill" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Verificați datele pentru: <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|date=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Ajutor:Erori_CS1#bad_date" title="Ajutor:Erori CS1">ajutor</a>)</span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.winstonchurchill.org/learn/reference/frequently-asked-questions-faq/personal-life">„Personal Life”</a>. FAQ. The Churchill Centre<span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2009-08-28">28 august 2009</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Personal+Life&rft.series=FAQ&rft.pub=The+Churchill+Centre&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.winstonchurchill.org%2Flearn%2Freference%2Ffrequently-asked-questions-faq%2Fpersonal-life&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AWinston+Churchill" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Jenkins, p. 73, citând-ul pe HW Massingham în <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daily_News_(UK)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daily News (UK) — pagină inexistentă">Daily News</a></i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mary_Soames&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mary Soames — pagină inexistentă">Soames, Mary</a>: <i>Speaking for Themselves: The Personal Letters of Winston and Clementine Churchill</i>. p. 1</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Soames p. 6</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Soames pp. 14–15</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Soames p. 17</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Edwards 1987, p.12</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Soames pp. 18, 22, 25</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Soames pp. 40, 44</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Soames p. 105</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Soames p. 217</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Soames pp. 239, 241</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Soames p. 262</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Crowhurst, Richard (<time datetime="2006">2006</time>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.timetravel-britain.com/06/Oct/chartwell.shtml">„Chartwell: Churchill's House of Refuge”</a>. Moira Allen<span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2008-01-09">9 ianuarie 2008</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Chartwell%3A+Churchill%27s+House+of+Refuge&rft.pub=Moira+Allen&rft.date=2006&rft.aulast=Crowhurst&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.timetravel-britain.com%2F06%2FOct%2Fchartwell.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AWinston+Churchill" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Jenkins, pp. 20–21</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Jenkins, pp. 21–45</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">G. K. Lewis. „On the character and achievement of Sir Winston Churchill”. <i>The Canadian Journal of Economics and Political Science, Vol 23, No. 2 May 1957 (May, 1957)</i>: 173–194.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Canadian+Journal+of+Economics+and+Political+Science%2C+Vol+23%2C+No.+2+May+1957+%28May%2C+1957%29&rft.atitle=On+the+character+and+achievement+of+Sir+Winston+Churchill&rft.pages=173-194&rft.au=G.+K.+Lewis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AWinston+Churchill" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-johnson2009-49"><b><a href="#cite_ref-johnson2009_49-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Johnson, Paul (<time datetime="2009">2009</time>). <i>Churchill</i>. Viking. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/978-1-101-14929-4" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/978-1-101-14929-4">978-1-101-14929-4</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Churchill&rft.pub=Viking&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-101-14929-4&rft.au=Johnson%2C+Paul&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AWinston+Churchill" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Churchill, Winston S. 1951 The Second World War, Volume 5: Closing the Ring. Houghton Miffin Edition. Bantam Books, New York No ISBN or other number provided. p. 606. "Prime Minister to Foreign Secretary 5. Feb (19)44. Your minute about raising certain legations to the status of embassy. I must say that Cuba has as good a claim as some other places–'la perla de Las Antillas'. Great offence will be given if all the others have it and this large, rich, beautiful island, the home of the cigar, is denied. Surely Cuba has much more claim than Venezuela. You will make a bitter enemy if you leave them out, and after a bit you will be forced to give them what you have given to the others."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.winston-churchill-leadership.com/winston-churchill-cigar.html">Sir Winston Churchill Cigar Smoking Statesman - what was Churchill's favorite cigar?</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120323042707/http://www.winston-churchill-leadership.com/winston-churchill-cigar.html">Arhivat</a> în <time datetime="2012-03-23">23 martie 2012</time>, la <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. ,winston-churchill-leadership.com</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Jenkins p. 29</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">T. E. C. Jr. M.D. (<time datetime="1977-11-05">5 noiembrie 1977</time>). „Winston Churchill's Poignant Description of the Death of his Nanny”. <i>PEDIATRICS Vol. 60 No.</i>: 752.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=PEDIATRICS+Vol.+60+No.&rft.atitle=Winston+Churchill%27s+Poignant+Description+of+the+Death+of+his+Nanny&rft.pages=752&rft.date=1977-11-05&rft.au=T.+E.+C.+Jr.+M.D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AWinston+Churchill" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-frs-54"><b><a href="#cite_ref-frs_54-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbm.1966.0003">10.1098/rsbm.1966.0003</a><br /><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion">Această referință va fi completată automat în următoarele minute. <small>Puteți <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://toolserver.org/~verisimilus/Bot/DOI_bot/doibot.php?doi=10.1098%2Frsbm.1966.0003">sări peste perioada de așteptare</a> sau puteți <a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Format:Cite_doi/10.1098/rsbm.1966.0003&preload=Template:Cite_doi/preload&editintro=Template:Cite_doi/editintro&action=edit">extinde citarea manual</a></small></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Sir Winston S. Churchill. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070714183801/http://arthursclassicnovels.com/arthurs/churchill/mkdff10.html">„The Story Of The Malakand Field Force – An Episode of Frontier War”</a>. <i>arthursclassicnovels.com</i>. Arhivat din <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://arthursclassicnovels.com/arthurs/churchill/mkdff10.html">original</a> la <time datetime="2007-07-14">14 iulie 2007</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2007-03-17">17 martie 2007</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=arthursclassicnovels.com&rft.atitle=The+Story+Of+The+Malakand+Field+Force+%E2%80%93+An+Episode+of+Frontier+War&rft.au=Sir+Winston+S.+Churchill&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farthursclassicnovels.com%2Farthurs%2Fchurchill%2Fmkdff10.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AWinston+Churchill" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mamund-56">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Mamund_56-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mamund_56-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">„Two opposition views of Afghanistan: British activist and Dutch MP want to know why their countries are participating in a dangerous adventure”. 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Eland Publishing Ltd. p. 143. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/0-907871-62-3" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/0-907871-62-3">0-907871-62-3</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=My+Early+Life&rft.pages=143&rft.pub=Eland+Publishing+Ltd&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0-907871-62-3&rft.aulast=Churchill&rft.aufirst=Winston&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AWinston+Churchill" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">„Churchill On The Frontier – Mamund Valley III”. UK Commentators. <time datetime="2004-12-11">11 decembrie 2004</time>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Churchill+On+The+Frontier+%E2%80%93+Mamund+Valley+III&rft.date=2004-12-11&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AWinston+Churchill" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Jenkins, pp. 29–31</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Centre-Youth-60"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Centre-Youth_60-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.winstonchurchill.org/learn/biography/timelines/youth-1874-19006">„Youth: 1874–1900”</a>. <i>Sir Winston Churchill</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2009-08-28">28 august 2009</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sir+Winston+Churchill&rft.atitle=Youth%3A+1874%E2%80%931900&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.winstonchurchill.org%2Flearn%2Fbiography%2Ftimelines%2Fyouth-1874-19006&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AWinston+Churchill" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"><sup>[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Leg%C4%83turi_externe" title="Wikipedia:Legături externe">nefuncțională</a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Jenkins, p. 40</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Terry_Brighton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Terry Brighton — pagină inexistentă">Brighton, Terry</a>, <i>The Last Charge: the 21st Lancers and the Battle of Omdurman</i>. Marlborough: Crowood, 1998. <a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/1861261896" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 1-86126-189-6</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Jenkins, pp. 55–62</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Jenkins, pp. 61–62</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Jenkins, pp. 62–64</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-finesthour127-66"><b><a href="#cite_ref-finesthour127_66-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.webcitation.org/5gLRyppkK">„FinestHour”</a>. <i>Journal of the Churchill Center and Societies, Summer 2005</i>. Arhivat din <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.winstonchurchill.org/files/public/FinestHour127.pdf">original</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> la <time datetime="2009-04-27">27 aprilie 2009</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2007-08-02">2 august 2007</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Churchill+Center+and+Societies%2C+Summer+2005&rft.atitle=FinestHour&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.winstonchurchill.org%2Ffiles%2Fpublic%2FFinestHour127.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AWinston+Churchill" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated1-67"><b><a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated1_67-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100703041301/http://www.winstonchurchill.org/images/finesthour/Vol.01%20No.127.pdf">„FinestHour”</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <i>Journal of the Churchill Center and Societies, Summer 2005</i>. Arhivat din <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.winstonchurchill.org/images/finesthour/Vol.01%20No.127.pdf">original</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> la <time datetime="2010-07-03">3 iulie 2010</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2009-08-28">28 august 2009</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Churchill+Center+and+Societies%2C+Summer+2005&rft.atitle=FinestHour&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.winstonchurchill.org%2Fimages%2Ffinesthour%2FVol.01%2520No.127.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AWinston+Churchill" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Jenkins, pp. 45–50</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gilbert-69">^ <a href="#cite_ref-gilbert_69-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gilbert_69-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Gilbert, Martin (<time datetime="2001">2001</time>). <i>Churchill: A Study in Greatness (one volume edition)</i>. London: Pimlico. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/978-0-7126-6725-8" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/978-0-7126-6725-8">978-0-7126-6725-8</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Churchill%3A+A+Study+in+Greatness+%28one+volume+edition%29&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Pimlico&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-7126-6725-8&rft.aulast=Gilbert&rft.aufirst=Martin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AWinston+Churchill" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Jenkins, p. 69</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-yeoman1-71"><b><a href="#cite_ref-yeoman1_71-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100603051951/http://www.winstonchurchill.org/learn/reference/commissions-and-military-attachments">„Churchill's Commissions and Military Attachments, The Churchill Centre”</a>. Winstonchurchill.org. Arhivat din <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.winstonchurchill.org/learn/reference/commissions-and-military-attachments">original</a> la <time datetime="2010-06-03">3 iunie 2010</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2010-04-12">12 aprilie 2010</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Churchill%27s+Commissions+and+Military+Attachments%2C+The+Churchill+Centre&rft.pub=Winstonchurchill.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.winstonchurchill.org%2Flearn%2Freference%2Fcommissions-and-military-attachments&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AWinston+Churchill" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-yeoman2-72">^ <a href="#cite_ref-yeoman2_72-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-yeoman2_72-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080912233836/http://www.chu.cam.ac.uk/archives/churchill_papers/biography/churchill_chronology.php">„Sir Winston Churchill: Biography: Chronological Summary, Churchill College”</a>. Chu.cam.ac.uk. <time datetime="2009-03-06">6 martie 2009</time>. Arhivat din <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chu.cam.ac.uk/archives/churchill_papers/biography/churchill_chronology.php">original</a> la <time datetime="2008-09-12">12 septembrie 2008</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2009-08-09">9 august 2009</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sir+Winston+Churchill%3A+Biography%3A+Chronological+Summary%2C+Churchill+College&rft.pub=Chu.cam.ac.uk&rft.date=2009-03-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chu.cam.ac.uk%2Farchives%2Fchurchill_papers%2Fbiography%2Fchurchill_chronology.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AWinston+Churchill" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Jenkins pp. 301–02</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">T Benn; et al. (<time datetime="2001">2001</time>). „Churchill Remembered: Recollections by Tony Benn MP, Lord Carrington, Lord Deedes and Mary Soames”. <i>Transactions of the Royal Historical Society</i>. <b>11</b> (11): 393–414 [404]. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0080440101000202">10.1017/S0080440101000202</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0080-4401">0080-4401</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR" title="JSTOR">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.jstor.org/stable/3679430">3679430</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+Royal+Historical+Society&rft.atitle=Churchill+Remembered%3A+Recollections+by+Tony+Benn+MP%2C+Lord+Carrington%2C+Lord+Deedes+and+Mary+Soames&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=11&rft.pages=393-414+404&rft.date=2001&rft.issn=0080-4401&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F3679430&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0080440101000202&rft.au=T+Benn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AWinston+Churchill" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">Mentenanță CS1: Utilizare explicită a lui et al. 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Accesat în <time datetime="2009-08-28">28 august 2009</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Churchill%27s+Elections&rft.pub=The+Churchill+Centre&rft.aulast=Hall&rft.aufirst=Douglas+J.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.winstonchurchill.org%2Flearn%2Freference%2Fchurchills-elections&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AWinston+Churchill" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-toye-78">^ <a href="#cite_ref-toye_78-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-toye_78-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Toye, Richard (<time datetime="2007">2007</time>). <i>Lloyd George and Churchill: Rivals for Greatness</i>. London: Macmillan. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/978-1-4050-4896-5" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/978-1-4050-4896-5">978-1-4050-4896-5</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lloyd+George+and+Churchill%3A+Rivals+for+Greatness&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Macmillan&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-4050-4896-5&rft.aulast=Toye&rft.aufirst=Richard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AWinston+Churchill" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Churchill, Randolph. <i>Winston S. Churchill: Young Statesman</i>. (c) 1967 C & T Publications: pp. 287–89</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Jenkins, pp. 150–51</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Jenkins, p. 152</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Gilbert, Martin, <i>Churchill and Eugenics</i>, 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.winstonchurchill.org/support/the-churchill-centre/publications/finest-hour-online/594-churchill-and-eugenics">online text</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Jenkins, pp. 157–66</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Jenkins, p. 161</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Churchill, Randolph. Winston S. Churchill: Young Statesman. (c) 1967 C & T Publications pp. 359–65</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Churchill, Randolph. <i>Winston S. Churchill: Young Statesman</i>. (c) 1967 C & T Publications: p. 395</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Jenkins, p. 194</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><b><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Campbell, Duncan (<time datetime="2011-08-09">9 august 2011</time>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2011/aug/09/riots-curfew-water-cannon?INTCMP=SRCH">„What next to tackle the riots? Curfew? Water cannon? The army?”</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i>. London<span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2011-10-28">28 octombrie 2011</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=What+next+to+tackle+the+riots%3F+Curfew%3F+Water+cannon%3F+The+army%3F&rft.date=2011-08-09&rft.aulast=Campbell&rft.aufirst=Duncan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.guardian.co.uk%2Fcommentisfree%2F2011%2Faug%2F09%2Friots-curfew-water-cannon%3FINTCMP%3DSRCH&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AWinston+Churchill" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><b><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Jenkins, p. 186</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><b><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theaerodrome.com/forum/newreply.php?do=newreply&noquote=1&p=347553">Churchill took flying lessons, 1911</a>, The Aerodrome.com</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><b><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><i>Naval innovation: from coal to oil</i>, Erik J. Dahl, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Joint_Force_Quarterly&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joint Force Quarterly — pagină inexistentă">Joint Force Quarterly</a>, 2000</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><b><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><i>The World Crisis</i> (new edition), Odhams 1938, p. 323</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><b><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Robert Rhode James. <i>Churchill: A Study in Failure</i>. Pelican, 1973, p. 80</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WW1Tank-94">^ <a href="#cite_ref-WW1Tank_94-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WW1Tank_94-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.firstworldwar.com/weaponry/tanks.htm">„The First World War, The development of the Tank, sponsored by Winston Churchill”</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2007-12-16">16 decembrie 2007</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+First+World+War%2C+The+development+of+the+Tank%2C+sponsored+by+Winston+Churchill&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.firstworldwar.com%2Fweaponry%2Ftanks.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AWinston+Churchill" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dardanelles-95"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Dardanelles_95-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Callwell, C.E. (<time datetime="2005">2005</time>). <i>Dardanelles, a study of the strategical and certain tactical aspects of the Dardanelles campaign</i>. London: Naval & Military Press Ltd. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/978-1-84574-273-7" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/978-1-84574-273-7">978-1-84574-273-7</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dardanelles%2C+a+study+of+the+strategical+and+certain+tactical+aspects+of+the+Dardanelles+campaign&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Naval+%26+Military+Press+Ltd&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-1-84574-273-7&rft.aulast=Callwell&rft.aufirst=C.E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AWinston+Churchill" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><b><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Jenkins, pp. 282–88</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><b><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Jenkins, p. 287</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><b><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Jenkins, p. 301</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-army.mod.uk-99">^ <a href="#cite_ref-army.mod.uk_99-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-army.mod.uk_99-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.army.mod.uk/infantry/regiments/4598.aspx">„20th and early 21st Century – British Army Website”</a>. Army.mod.uk<span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2011-04-03">3 aprilie 2011</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=20th+and+early+21st+Century+%E2%80%93+British+Army+Website&rft.pub=Army.mod.uk&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.army.mod.uk%2Finfantry%2Fregiments%2F4598.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AWinston+Churchill" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><b><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Jenkins, p. 309</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><b><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.independent.ie/opinion/columnists/kevin-myers/the-greatest-20th-century-beneficiary-of-popular-mythology-has-been-the-cad-churchill-1876680.html">The greatest 20th century beneficiary of popular mythology has been the cad Churchill</a>", <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kevin_Myers&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kevin Myers — pagină inexistentă">Kevin Myers</a>, Independent.ie</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><b><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Ferris, John. <i>Treasury Control, the Ten Year Rule and British Service Policies, 1919–1924</i>. The Historical Journal, Vol. 30, No. 4. (Dec., 1987), pp. 859–83</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-centre-282-103"><b><a href="#cite_ref-centre-282_103-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Jeffrey Wallin with Juan Williams (<time datetime="2001-09-04">4 septembrie 2001</time>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20031216033237/http://www.winstonchurchill.org/i4a/pages/index.cfm?pageid=282">„Cover Story: Churchill's Greatness”</a>. Churchill Centre. Arhivat din <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.winstonchurchill.org/i4a/pages/index.cfm?pageid=282">original</a> la <time datetime="2003-12-16">16 decembrie 2003</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2007-02-26">26 februarie 2007</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cover+Story%3A+Churchill%27s+Greatness&rft.pub=Churchill+Centre&rft.date=2001-09-04&rft.au=Jeffrey+Wallin+with+Juan+Williams&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.winstonchurchill.org%2Fi4a%2Fpages%2Findex.cfm%3Fpageid%3D282&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AWinston+Churchill" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jordan1995-104"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Jordan1995_104-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Anthony J. Jordan (aprilie 1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=OfmFAAAAIAAJ"><i>Churchill, a founder of modern Ireland</i></a>. Westport Books. pp. 70–75. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/978-0-9524447-0-1" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/978-0-9524447-0-1">978-0-9524447-0-1</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2011-09-21">21 septembrie 2011</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Churchill%2C+a+founder+of+modern+Ireland&rft.pages=70-75&rft.pub=Westport+Books&rft.date=1995-04&rft.isbn=978-0-9524447-0-1&rft.au=Anthony+J.+Jordan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DOfmFAAAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AWinston+Churchill" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><b><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Jenkins, pp. 361–65</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><b><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">See Jonathan Glancey <cite class="citation news">Glancey, Jonathan (<time datetime="2003-04-19">19 aprilie 2003</time>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2003/apr/19/iraq.arts">„Gas, chemicals, bombs: Britain has used them all before in Iraq”</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. London<span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2009-02-03">3 februarie 2009</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Gas%2C+chemicals%2C+bombs%3A+Britain+has+used+them+all+before+in+Iraq&rft.date=2003-04-19&rft.aulast=Glancey&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.guardian.co.uk%2Fworld%2F2003%2Fapr%2F19%2Firaq.arts&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AWinston+Churchill" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"> and Johann Hari <cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.independent.co.uk/opinion/commentators/johann-hari/johann-hari-our-infantile-search-for-heroic-leaders-854278.html">„Our Infantile Search for Heroic Leaders”</a>. <i>The Independent</i>. London. <time datetime="2008-06-26">26 iunie 2008</time>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080628195958/http://www.independent.co.uk/opinion/commentators/johann-hari/johann-hari-our-infantile-search-for-heroic-leaders-854278.html">Arhivat</a> din originalul de la <time datetime="2008-06-28">28 iunie 2008</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2009-02-03">3 februarie 2009</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Our+Infantile+Search+for+Heroic+Leaders&rft.date=2008-06-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fopinion%2Fcommentators%2Fjohann-hari%2Fjohann-hari-our-infantile-search-for-heroic-leaders-854278.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AWinston+Churchill" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><b><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Bhattacharya, Sutapas (<time datetime="1999">1999</time>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/?id=_JnQWzQlMN8C&pg=RA4-PA244&dq=churchill+kurds+gas&q=churchill%20kurds%20gas"><i>The oneness/otherness mystery</i></a>. Motilal Banarsidass Publ. p. 244. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/9788120816541" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/9788120816541">9788120816541</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+oneness%2Fotherness+mystery&rft.pages=244&rft.pub=Motilal+Banarsidass+Publ&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=9788120816541&rft.aulast=Bhattacharya&rft.aufirst=Sutapas&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3D_JnQWzQlMN8C%26pg%3DRA4-PA244%26dq%3Dchurchill%2Bkurds%2Bgas%26q%3Dchurchill%2520kurds%2520gas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AWinston+Churchill" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><b><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.independent.ie/opinion/columnists/kevin-myers/the-greatest-20th-century-beneficiary-of-popular-mythology-has-been-the-cad-churchill-1876680.html">„The greatest 20th century beneficiary of popular mythology has been the cad Churchill – Kevin Myers, Columnists”</a>. Independent.ie<span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2011-08-09">9 august 2011</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+greatest+20th+century+beneficiary+of+popular+mythology+has+been+the+cad+Churchill+%E2%80%93+Kevin+Myers%2C+Columnists&rft.pub=Independent.ie&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.ie%2Fopinion%2Fcolumnists%2Fkevin-myers%2Fthe-greatest-20th-century-beneficiary-of-popular-mythology-has-been-the-cad-churchill-1876680.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AWinston+Churchill" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><b><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><i>Laureații Premiului Nobel pentru Literatură</i> - Almanah „<i>Contemporanul</i>”, 1983 , pag 347</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legături_externe"><span id="Leg.C4.83turi_externe"></span>Legături externe</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Winston_Churchill&veaction=edit&section=19" title="Modifică secțiunea: Legături externe" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Winston_Churchill&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section's source code: Legături externe"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="noprint" style="clear:right;border:solid #aaa 1px;margin:0 0 1em 1em;font-size:90%;background:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle, #f8f9f9);color:color:var(--color-base, #000);width:230px;padding:2px;spacing:2px;text-align:center;float:right"><div style="float:left;vertical-align:middle"><figure class="mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Commons"><img alt="Commons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/60px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a><figcaption>Commons</figcaption></figure></div><div style="margin-left:35px;line-height:normal;vertical-align:middle"><a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Wikimedia Commons</a> conține materiale multimedia legate de <span class="plainlinks"><b><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Winston_Churchill?uselang=ro">Winston Churchill</a></b></span></div></div> <div class="noprint" style="clear: right; border: solid #aaa 1px; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; font-size: 90%; background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle, #f8f9f9); color:var(--color-base, #000); width: 250px; padding: 2px; spacing: 2px; text-align: center; float: right;"> <div style="float: left;"><figure class="mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Wikiquote-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wikicitat"><img alt="Wikicitat" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/25px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/38px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/50px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></a><figcaption>Wikicitat</figcaption></figure></div> <div style="margin-left: 35px; line-height:normal;">La <b><a href="/wiki/Wikicitat" title="Wikicitat">Wikicitat</a></b> găsiți citate legate de <b><a href="https://ro.wikiquote.org/wiki/Winston_Churchill" class="extiw" title="q:Winston Churchill">Winston Churchill</a></b>.</div> </div> <ul><li><span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba engleză">en</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nobelprize.org/literature/laureates/1953/churchill-bio.html">Biografie</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.zf.ro/ziarul-de-duminica/biografii-comentate-xii-winston-churchill-sau-forta-buldogului-britanic-de-calin-hentea-10833937">Biografii comentate (XII). Winston Churchill sau forța buldogului britanic</a>, 2 mai 2013, Calin Hentea, <i>Ziarul de Duminică</i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pyeyUhjAsKM&feature=youtu.be">http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pyeyUhjAsKM&feature=youtu.be</a></li></ul> <p><br style="clear: both;" /> </p> <table class="toccolours" border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; margin:0 auto;"> <tbody><tr style="text-align: center;"> <td width="25%">Predecesor:<br /><b><a href="/wiki/Neville_Chamberlain" title="Neville Chamberlain">Neville Chamberlain</a></b> </td> <td width="40%" style="text-align: center;"><b><a href="/wiki/Prim_ministru_al_Regatului_Unit" class="mw-redirect" title="Prim ministru al Regatului Unit">Prim ministru al Regatului Unit</a></b><br /><a href="/wiki/1940" title="1940">1940</a>-<a href="/wiki/1945" title="1945">1945</a> </td> <td width="25%">Succesor:<br /><b><a href="/wiki/Clement_Attlee" title="Clement Attlee">Clement Attlee</a></b> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <td width="25%">Predecesor:<br /><b><a href="/wiki/Clement_Attlee" title="Clement Attlee">Clement Attlee</a></b> </td> <td width="40%" style="text-align: center;"><b><a href="/wiki/Prim_ministru_al_Regatului_Unit" class="mw-redirect" title="Prim ministru al Regatului Unit">Prim ministru al Regatului Unit</a></b><br /><a href="/wiki/1951" title="1951">1951</a>-<a href="/wiki/1955" title="1955">1955</a> </td> <td width="25%">Succesor:<br /><b><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Eden" title="Anthony Eden">Anthony Eden</a></b> </td></tr></tbody></table><p><br style="clear: both;" /> </p><p><br /> </p> <table class="navbox" cellspacing="0" style=""> <tbody><tr> <td style="padding:2px;"> <table cellspacing="0" class="nowraplinks collapsible" style="width:100%;background:transparent;color:inherit;;"> <tbody><tr> <th style=";background:#d3d3d3;" colspan="2" class="navbox-title"><div style="float:left; width:6em;text-align:left;"><div class="noprint plainlinks" style="padding:0; font-size:xx-small; color:var(--color-base, #000); white-space:nowrap; ;"><span style=";background:#d3d3d3;;border:none;"><a href="/wiki/Format:Laurea%C8%9Bii_Premiului_Nobel_pentru_Literatur%C4%83_1951-1975" title="Format:Laureații Premiului Nobel pentru Literatură 1951-1975"><span title="Vizualizare format" style=";background:#d3d3d3;;border:none;;">v</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Discu%C8%9Bie_Format:Laurea%C8%9Bii_Premiului_Nobel_pentru_Literatur%C4%83_1951-1975&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Discuție Format:Laureații Premiului Nobel pentru Literatură 1951-1975 — pagină inexistentă"><span title="Discuție format" style=";background:#d3d3d3;;border:none;;">d</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Format:Laurea%C8%9Bii_Premiului_Nobel_pentru_Literatur%C4%83_1951-1975&action=edit"><span title="Acest format se poate modifica. Folosiți butonul de previzualizare înainte de a salva." style=";background:#d3d3d3;;border:none;;">m</span></a></span></div></div><span class="" style="font-size: 110%;"><a href="/wiki/Lista_laurea%C8%9Bilor_Premiului_Nobel#Premiul_Nobel_pentru_Literatură" title="Lista laureaților Premiului Nobel">Laureații Premiului Nobel</a> pentru <a href="/wiki/Premiul_Nobel_pentru_Literatur%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Premiul Nobel pentru Literatură">Literatură</a></span> </th></tr> <tr style="height:2px;"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <div> <p><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A4r_Lagerkvist" title="Pär Lagerkvist">Pär Lagerkvist</a> (1951) <b>·</b> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Mauriac" title="François Mauriac">François Mauriac</a> (1952) <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Winston Churchill</a> (1953) <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Hemingway" title="Ernest Hemingway">Ernest Hemingway</a> (1954) <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Halld%C3%B3r_Laxness" title="Halldór Laxness">Halldór Laxness</a> (1955) <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Juan_Ram%C3%B3n_Jim%C3%A9nez" title="Juan Ramón Jiménez">Juan Ramón Jiménez</a> (1956) <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Albert_Camus" title="Albert Camus">Albert Camus</a> (1957) <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Boris_Pasternak" title="Boris Pasternak">Boris Pasternak</a> (1958) <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Salvatore_Quasimodo" title="Salvatore Quasimodo">Salvatore Quasimodo</a> (1959) <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Saint-John_Perse" title="Saint-John Perse">Saint-John Perse</a> (1960) <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Ivo_Andri%C4%87" title="Ivo Andrić">Ivo Andrić</a> (1961) <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/John_Steinbeck" title="John Steinbeck">John Steinbeck</a> (1962) <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Giorgos_Seferis" title="Giorgos Seferis">Giorgos Seferis</a> (1963) <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <i><a href="/wiki/Jean-Paul_Sartre" title="Jean-Paul Sartre">Jean-Paul Sartre</a> (a refuzat premiul)</i> (1964) <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Mihail_%C8%98olohov" title="Mihail Șolohov">Mihail Șolohov</a> (1965) <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Agnon" class="mw-redirect" title="Samuel Agnon">Samuel Agnon</a> / <a href="/wiki/Nelly_Sachs" title="Nelly Sachs">Nelly Sachs</a> (1966) <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Miguel_%C3%81ngel_Asturias" title="Miguel Ángel Asturias">Miguel Ángel Asturias</a> (1967) <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Yasunari_Kawabata" title="Yasunari Kawabata">Yasunari Kawabata</a> (1968) <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Beckett" title="Samuel Beckett">Samuel Beckett</a> (1969) <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Aleksandr_Soljeni%C8%9B%C3%AEn" title="Aleksandr Soljenițîn">Aleksandr Soljenițîn</a> (1970) <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Pablo_Neruda" title="Pablo Neruda">Pablo Neruda</a> (1971) <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_B%C3%B6ll" title="Heinrich Böll">Heinrich Böll</a> (1972) <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Patrick_White" title="Patrick White">Patrick White</a> (1973) <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Eyvind_Johnson" title="Eyvind Johnson">Eyvind Johnson</a> / <a href="/wiki/Harry_Martinson" title="Harry Martinson">Harry Martinson</a> (1974) <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Eugenio_Montale" title="Eugenio Montale">Eugenio Montale</a> (1975) </span></p> </div></div> <p>  </p> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px;"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-abovebelow" style=";background:#d3d3d3;" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Format:Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" class="mw-redirect" title="Format:Nobel Prize in Literature">Listă completă</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Format:Nobel_Prize_in_Literature_Laureates_1901-1925" class="mw-redirect" title="Format:Nobel Prize in Literature Laureates 1901-1925">1901– 1925</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Format:Nobel_Prize_in_Literature_Laureates_1926-1950" class="mw-redirect" title="Format:Nobel Prize in Literature Laureates 1926-1950">1926– 1950</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Format:Laurea%C8%9Bii_Premiului_Nobel_pentru_Literatur%C4%83_1951-1975" title="Format:Laureații Premiului Nobel pentru Literatură 1951-1975"><b>1951– 1975</b></a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Format:Nobel_Prize_in_Literature_Laureates_1976-2000" class="mw-redirect" title="Format:Nobel Prize in Literature Laureates 1976-2000">1976– 2000</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Format:Nobel_Prize_in_Literature_Laureates_2001-2025" class="mw-redirect" title="Format:Nobel Prize in Literature Laureates 2001-2025">2001– prezent</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r16513826">.mw-parser-output .navbox{margin:0 auto 0}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-group[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output 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.mw-parser-output .navbox-list[style]{background:inherit!important;color:inherit!important;border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox-group[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox-even[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox-title[style]{background:inherit!important;color:inherit!important;border-color:#54595d!important}}</style> <table class="navbox" cellspacing="0" style=""> <tbody><tr> <td style="padding:2px;"> <table cellspacing="0" class="nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse" style="width:100%;background:transparent;color:inherit;;"> <tbody><tr> <th style=";" colspan="3" class="navbox-title"><div style="float:left; width:6em;text-align:left;"><div class="noprint plainlinks" style="padding:0; font-size:xx-small; color:var(--color-base, #000); white-space:nowrap; ;"><span style=";;border:none;"><a href="/wiki/Format:Premieri_britanici" title="Format:Premieri britanici"><span title="Vizualizare format" style=";;border:none;;">v</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Discu%C8%9Bie_Format:Premieri_britanici&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Discuție Format:Premieri britanici — pagină inexistentă"><span title="Discuție format" style=";;border:none;;">d</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Format:Premieri_britanici&action=edit"><span title="Acest format se poate modifica. Folosiți butonul de previzualizare înainte de a salva." style=";;border:none;;">m</span></a></span></div></div><span class="" style="font-size: 110%;"><a href="/wiki/Prim-ministrul_Regatului_Unit" title="Prim-ministrul Regatului Unit">Prim-miniștri ai Regatului Unit</a></span> </th></tr> <tr style="height:2px;"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";;"><a href="/wiki/Regatul_Marii_Britanii" title="Regatul Marii Britanii">Regatul Marii Britanii</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Robert_Walpole" title="Robert Walpole">Walpole</a><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> •</span> <a href="/wiki/Spencer_Compton" title="Spencer Compton">Wilmington</a><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> •</span> <a href="/wiki/Henry_Pelham" title="Henry Pelham">Pelham</a><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> •</span> <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Pelham-Holles" title="Thomas Pelham-Holles">Newcastle</a><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> •</span> <a href="/wiki/William_Cavendish" title="William Cavendish">Devonshire</a><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> •</span> <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Pelham-Holles" title="Thomas Pelham-Holles">Newcastle</a><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> •</span> <a href="/wiki/John_Stuart" title="John Stuart">Bute</a><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/George_Grenville" title="George Grenville">G Grenville</a></span><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> •</span> <a href="/wiki/Charles_Watson-Wentworth" title="Charles Watson-Wentworth">Rockingham</a><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/William_Pitt" title="William Pitt">Chatham (Pitt cel Bătrân)</a></span><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> •</span> <a href="/wiki/Augustus_FitzRoy" title="Augustus FitzRoy">Grafton</a><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> •</span> <a href="/wiki/Frederick_North" title="Frederick North">North</a><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> •</span> <a href="/wiki/Charles_Watson-Wentworth" title="Charles Watson-Wentworth">Rockingham</a><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> •</span> <a href="/wiki/William_Petty" title="William Petty">Shelburne</a><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> •</span> <a href="/wiki/William_Cavendish-Bentinck" title="William Cavendish-Bentinck">Portland</a><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> •</span> <a href="/wiki/William_Pitt_cel_T%C3%A2n%C4%83r" title="William Pitt cel Tânăr">Pitt cel Tânăr</a></div> </td> <td class="navbox-image" style="width:0%;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px;" rowspan="3"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_(3-5).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapelul Regatului Unit"><img alt="Drapelul Regatului Unit" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/50px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/75px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/100px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";;"><a href="/wiki/Regatul_Unit" class="mw-redirect" title="Regatul Unit">Regatul Unit</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/William_Pitt_cel_T%C3%A2n%C4%83r" title="William Pitt cel Tânăr">Pitt cel Tânăr</a><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> •</span> <a href="/wiki/Henry_Addington" title="Henry Addington">Addington</a><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/William_Pitt_cel_T%C3%A2n%C4%83r" title="William Pitt cel Tânăr">Pitt cel Tânăr</a></span><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/William_Grenville" title="William Grenville">W Grenville</a></span><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> •</span> <a href="/wiki/William_Cavendish-Bentinck" title="William Cavendish-Bentinck">Portland</a><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> •</span> <a href="/wiki/Spencer_Perceval" title="Spencer Perceval">Perceval</a><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> •</span> <a href="/wiki/Robert_Jenkinson" title="Robert Jenkinson">Liverpool</a><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> •</span> <a href="/wiki/George_Canning" title="George Canning">Canning</a><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> •</span> <a href="/wiki/Frederick_John_Robinson" title="Frederick John Robinson">Goderich</a><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> •</span> <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Wellesley" title="Arthur Wellesley">Wellington</a><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> •</span> <a href="/wiki/Charles_Grey" title="Charles Grey">Grey</a><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> •</span> <a href="/wiki/William_Lamb" title="William Lamb">Melbourne</a><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> •</span> <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Wellesley" title="Arthur Wellesley">Wellington</a><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> •</span> <a href="/wiki/Robert_Peel" title="Robert Peel">Peel</a><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> •</span> <a href="/wiki/William_Lamb" title="William Lamb">Melbourne</a><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> •</span> <a href="/wiki/Robert_Peel" title="Robert Peel">Peel</a><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> •</span> <a href="/wiki/John_Russell" title="John Russell">Russell</a><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> •</span> <a href="/wiki/Edward_Smith-Stanley" title="Edward Smith-Stanley">Derby</a><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> •</span> <a href="/wiki/George_Hamilton-Gordon" title="George Hamilton-Gordon">Aberdeen</a><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> •</span> <a href="/wiki/Henry_Temple" title="Henry Temple">Palmerston</a><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> •</span> <a href="/wiki/Edward_Smith-Stanley" title="Edward Smith-Stanley">Derby</a><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> •</span> <a href="/wiki/Henry_Temple" title="Henry Temple">Palmerston</a><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> •</span> <a href="/wiki/John_Russell" title="John Russell">Russell</a><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> •</span> <a href="/wiki/Edward_Smith-Stanley" title="Edward Smith-Stanley">Derby</a><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> •</span> <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Disraeli" title="Benjamin Disraeli">Disraeli</a><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> •</span> <a href="/wiki/William_Gladstone" title="William Gladstone">Gladstone</a><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> •</span> <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Disraeli" title="Benjamin Disraeli">Disraeli</a><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> •</span> <a href="/wiki/William_Gladstone" title="William Gladstone">Gladstone</a><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> •</span> <a href="/wiki/Robert_Gascoyne-Cecil" title="Robert Gascoyne-Cecil">Salisbury</a><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> •</span> <a href="/wiki/William_Gladstone" title="William Gladstone">Gladstone</a><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> •</span> <a href="/wiki/Robert_Gascoyne-Cecil" title="Robert Gascoyne-Cecil">Salisbury</a><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> •</span> <a href="/wiki/William_Gladstone" title="William Gladstone">Gladstone</a><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> •</span> <a href="/wiki/Archibald_Primrose" title="Archibald Primrose">Rosebery</a><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> •</span> <a href="/wiki/Robert_Gascoyne-Cecil" title="Robert Gascoyne-Cecil">Salisbury</a><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> •</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Arthur_Balfour&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arthur Balfour — pagină inexistentă">Balfour</a><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Henry_Campbell-Bannerman" title="Henry Campbell-Bannerman">Campbell-Bannerman</a></span><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> •</span> <a href="/wiki/H._H._Asquith" title="H. H. Asquith">Asquith</a><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/David_Lloyd_George" title="David Lloyd George">Lloyd George</a></span><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Bonar_Law" title="Andrew Bonar Law">Bonar Law</a></span><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> •</span> <a href="/wiki/Stanley_Baldwin" title="Stanley Baldwin">Baldwin</a><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> •</span> <a href="/wiki/Ramsay_MacDonald" title="Ramsay MacDonald">MacDonald</a><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> •</span> <a href="/wiki/Stanley_Baldwin" title="Stanley Baldwin">Baldwin</a><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> •</span> <a href="/wiki/Ramsay_MacDonald" title="Ramsay MacDonald">MacDonald</a><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> •</span> <a href="/wiki/Stanley_Baldwin" title="Stanley Baldwin">Baldwin</a><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> •</span> <a href="/wiki/Neville_Chamberlain" title="Neville Chamberlain">Chamberlain</a><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> •</span> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Churchill</a><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> •</span> <a href="/wiki/Clement_Attlee" title="Clement Attlee">Attlee</a><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> •</span> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Churchill</a><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> •</span> <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Eden" title="Anthony Eden">Eden</a><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> •</span> <a href="/wiki/Harold_Macmillan" title="Harold Macmillan">Macmillan</a><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> •</span> <a href="/wiki/Alec_Douglas-Home" title="Alec Douglas-Home">Douglas-Home</a><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> •</span> <a href="/wiki/Harold_Wilson" title="Harold Wilson">Wilson</a><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> •</span> <a href="/wiki/Edward_Heath" title="Edward Heath">Heath</a><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> •</span> <a href="/wiki/Harold_Wilson" title="Harold Wilson">Wilson</a><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> •</span> <a href="/wiki/James_Callaghan" title="James Callaghan">Callaghan</a><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> •</span> <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher" title="Margaret Thatcher">Thatcher</a><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> •</span> <a href="/wiki/John_Major" title="John Major">Major</a><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> •</span> <a href="/wiki/Tony_Blair" title="Tony Blair">Blair</a><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> •</span> <a href="/wiki/Gordon_Brown" title="Gordon Brown">Brown</a><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> •</span> <a href="/wiki/David_Cameron" title="David Cameron">Cameron</a><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> •</span> <a href="/wiki/Theresa_May" title="Theresa May">May</a><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> •</span> <a href="/wiki/Boris_Johnson" title="Boris Johnson">Johnson</a> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"> •</span> <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Truss" title="Elizabeth Truss">Truss</a> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"> •</span> <a href="/wiki/Rishi_Sunak" title="Rishi Sunak">Sunak</a></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16513826"> <table class="navbox" cellspacing="0" style=""> <tbody><tr> <td style="padding:2px;"> <table cellspacing="0" class="nowraplinks collapsible collapsed" style="width:100%;background:transparent;color:inherit;;"> <tbody><tr> <th style=";" colspan="2" class="navbox-title"><div style="float:left; width:6em;text-align:left;"><div class="noprint plainlinks" style="padding:0; font-size:xx-small; color:var(--color-base, #000); white-space:nowrap; ;"><span style=";;border:none;"><a href="/wiki/Format:Laurea%C8%9Bi_ai_Premiului_Carol_cel_Mare" title="Format:Laureați ai Premiului Carol cel Mare"><span title="Vizualizare format" style=";;border:none;;">v</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Discu%C8%9Bie_Format:Laurea%C8%9Bi_ai_Premiului_Carol_cel_Mare&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Discuție Format:Laureați ai Premiului Carol cel Mare — pagină inexistentă"><span title="Discuție format" style=";;border:none;;">d</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Format:Laurea%C8%9Bi_ai_Premiului_Carol_cel_Mare&action=edit"><span title="Acest format se poate modifica. Folosiți butonul de previzualizare înainte de a salva." style=";;border:none;;">m</span></a></span></div></div><span class="" style="font-size: 110%;">Laureați ai <a href="/wiki/Premiul_Carol_cel_Mare" title="Premiul Carol cel Mare">Premiului Carol cel Mare</a></span> </th></tr> <tr style="height:2px;"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Richard_von_Coudenhove-Kalergi" title="Richard von Coudenhove-Kalergi">Richard von Coudenhove-Kalergi</a> (1950) <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Hendrik_Brugmans" title="Hendrik Brugmans">Hendrik Brugmans</a> (1951) <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Alcide_De_Gasperi" title="Alcide De Gasperi">Alcide de Gasperi</a> (1952) <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Jean_Monnet" title="Jean Monnet">Jean Monnet</a> (1953) <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Konrad_Adenauer" title="Konrad Adenauer">Konrad Adenauer</a> (1954) <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sir Winston S. Churchill</a> (1956) <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Paul-Henri_Spaak" title="Paul-Henri Spaak">Paul Henri Spaak</a> (1957) <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Robert_Schuman" title="Robert Schuman">Robert Schuman</a> (1958)  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/George_Marshall" title="George Marshall">George C. Marshall</a> (1959) <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Bech" title="Joseph Bech">Joseph Bech</a> (1960) <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Walter_Hallstein" title="Walter Hallstein">Walter Hallstein</a> (1961) <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Edward_Heath" title="Edward Heath">Edward Heath</a> (1963) <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Segni" title="Antonio Segni">Antonio Segni</a> (1964) <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jens_Otto_Krag&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jens Otto Krag — pagină inexistentă">Jens Otto Krag</a> (1966) <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Luns&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joseph Luns — pagină inexistentă">Joseph Luns</a> (1967) <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Comisia_European%C4%83" title="Comisia Europeană">Comisia Europeană</a> (1969) <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7ois_Seydoux_de_Clausonne&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="François Seydoux de Clausonne — pagină inexistentă">François Seydoux de Clausonne</a> (1970) <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Roy_Jenkins" class="mw-redirect" title="Roy Jenkins">Roy Jenkins</a> (1972) <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  Don <a href="/wiki/Salvador_de_Madariaga" title="Salvador de Madariaga">Salvador de Madariaga</a> (1973) <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Leo_Tindemans" title="Leo Tindemans">Leo Tindemans</a> (1976) <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Walter_Scheel" title="Walter Scheel">Walter Scheel</a> (1977) <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Konstantinos_Karamanlis" title="Konstantinos Karamanlis">Konstantinos Karamanlis</a> (1978) <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Emilio_Colombo" title="Emilio Colombo">Emilio Colombo</a> (1979) <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Simone_Veil" title="Simone Veil">Simone Veil</a> (1981) <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  Regele <a href="/wiki/Juan_Carlos_I_al_Spaniei" title="Juan Carlos I al Spaniei">Juan Carlos al Spaniei</a> (1982) <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  Oamenii din <a href="/wiki/Luxemburg" title="Luxemburg">Luxemburg</a> (1986) <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Henry_Kissinger" title="Henry Kissinger">Henry A. Kissinger</a> (1987) <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Mitterrand" title="François Mitterrand">François Mitterrand</a> și <a href="/wiki/Helmut_Kohl" title="Helmut Kohl">Helmut Kohl</a> (1988) <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Fratele_Roger" title="Fratele Roger">Fratele Roger</a> (1989) <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Gyula_Horn" title="Gyula Horn">Gyula Horn</a> (1990) <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/V%C3%A1clav_Havel" title="Václav Havel">Václav Havel</a> (1991) <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Delors" title="Jacques Delors">Jacques Delors</a> (1992) <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Felipe_Gonz%C3%A1lez" title="Felipe González">Felipe González Márquez</a> (1993) <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Gro_Harlem_Brundtland" title="Gro Harlem Brundtland">Gro Harlem Brundtland</a> (1994) <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Franz_Vranitzky" title="Franz Vranitzky">Franz Vranitzky</a> (1995) <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Beatrix_a_%C8%9A%C4%83rilor_de_Jos" title="Beatrix a Țărilor de Jos">Regina Beatrix a Țărilor de Jos</a> (1996) <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Roman_Herzog" title="Roman Herzog">Roman Herzog</a> (1997) <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Bronis%C5%82aw_Geremek" title="Bronisław Geremek">Bronisław Geremek</a> (1998) <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Tony_Blair" title="Tony Blair">Tony Blair</a> (1999) <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Bill Clinton</a> (2000) <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Gy%C3%B6rgy_Konr%C3%A1d" title="György Konrád">György Konrád</a> (2001) <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Euro" title="Euro">Euro</a> (2002) <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Val%C3%A9ry_Giscard_d%27Estaing" title="Valéry Giscard d'Estaing">Valéry Giscard d'Estaing</a> (2003) <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Pat_Cox" title="Pat Cox">Pat Cox</a> (2004) <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  Premiu extraordinar: <a href="/wiki/Papa_Ioan_Paul_al_II-lea" title="Papa Ioan Paul al II-lea">Papa Ioan Paul al II-lea</a> (2004) <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Carlo_Azeglio_Ciampi" title="Carlo Azeglio Ciampi">Carlo Azeglio Ciampi</a> (2005) <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Jean-Claude_Juncker" title="Jean-Claude Juncker">Jean-Claude Juncker</a> (2006) <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Javier_Solana" title="Javier Solana">Javier Solana</a> (2007) <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Angela_Merkel" title="Angela Merkel">Angela Merkel</a> (2008) <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Andrea_Riccardi" title="Andrea Riccardi">Andrea Riccardi</a> (2009) <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Donald_Tusk" title="Donald Tusk">Donald Tusk</a> (2010) <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Jean-Claude_Trichet" title="Jean-Claude Trichet">Jean-Claude Trichet</a> (2011) <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Sch%C3%A4uble" title="Wolfgang Schäuble">Wolfgang Schäuble</a> (2012) <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Dalia_Grybauskait%C4%97" title="Dalia Grybauskaitė">Dalia Grybauskaitė</a> (2013)  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Herman_Van_Rompuy" title="Herman Van Rompuy">Herman Van Rompuy</a> (2014)  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Martin_Schulz" title="Martin Schulz">Martin Schulz</a> (2015)  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Papa_Francisc" title="Papa Francisc">Papa Francisc</a> (2016)  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Timothy_Garton_Ash" title="Timothy Garton Ash">Timothy Garton Ash</a> (2017)  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron" title="Emmanuel Macron">Emmanuel Macron</a> (2018)  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Manuel_de_Oliveira_Guterres" title="Antonio Manuel de Oliveira Guterres">António Manuel</a> (2019)  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Klaus_Iohannis" title="Klaus Iohannis">Klaus Iohannis</a> (2020)  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Svetlana_Tihanovskaia" title="Svetlana Tihanovskaia">Svetlana Tihanovskaia</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Maria_Kalesnikava&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maria Kalesnikava — pagină inexistentă">Maria Kalesnikava</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Veronika_%C8%9Aepkalo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Veronika Țepkalo — pagină inexistentă">Veronika Țepkalo</a> (2022)  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Ucraineni" title="Ucraineni">poporul ucrainean</a>, <a href="/wiki/Volod%C3%AEm%C3%AEr_Zelenski" title="Volodîmîr Zelenski">Volodîmîr Zelenski</a> (2023)</div> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16513826"> <table class="navbox" cellspacing="0" style=""> <tbody><tr> <td style="padding:2px;"> <table cellspacing="0" class="nowraplinks collapsible collapsed" style="width:100%;background:transparent;color:inherit;;"> <tbody><tr> <th style=";" colspan="2" class="navbox-title"><div style="float:left; width:6em;text-align:left;"><div class="noprint plainlinks" style="padding:0; font-size:xx-small; color:var(--color-base, #000); white-space:nowrap; ;"><span style=";;border:none;"><a href="/wiki/Format:Personalit%C4%83%C8%9Bi_marcante_ale_R%C4%83zboiului_Rece" title="Format:Personalități marcante ale Războiului Rece"><span title="Vizualizare format" style=";;border:none;;">v</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Discu%C8%9Bie_Format:Personalit%C4%83%C8%9Bi_marcante_ale_R%C4%83zboiului_Rece&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Discuție Format:Personalități marcante ale Războiului Rece — pagină inexistentă"><span title="Discuție format" style=";;border:none;;">d</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Format:Personalit%C4%83%C8%9Bi_marcante_ale_R%C4%83zboiului_Rece&action=edit"><span title="Acest format se poate modifica. Folosiți butonul de previzualizare înainte de a salva." style=";;border:none;;">m</span></a></span></div></div><span class="" style="font-size: 110%;">Personalități marcante ale <a href="/wiki/R%C4%83zboiul_Rece" title="Războiul Rece">Războiului Rece</a></span> </th></tr> <tr style="height:2px;"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";;"><a href="/wiki/Statele_Unite_ale_Americii" title="Statele Unite ale Americii">Statele Unite</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Franklin_Delano_Roosevelt" title="Franklin Delano Roosevelt">Franklin Delano Roosevelt</a> • <a href="/wiki/Harry_S._Truman" title="Harry S. Truman">Harry S. Truman</a> • <a href="/wiki/Dwight_David_Eisenhower" title="Dwight David Eisenhower">Dwight David Eisenhower</a> • <a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy" title="John F. Kennedy">John F. Kennedy</a> • <a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">Lyndon B. Johnson</a> • <a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Richard Nixon</a> • <a href="/wiki/Gerald_Ford" title="Gerald Ford">Gerald Ford</a> • <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter">Jimmy Carter</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a> • <a href="/wiki/George_H._W._Bush" title="George H. W. Bush">George H. W. Bush</a> • <a href="/wiki/George_Marshall" title="George Marshall">George Marshall</a> • <a href="/wiki/Joseph_McCarthy" title="Joseph McCarthy">Joseph McCarthy</a> • <a href="/wiki/John_Foster_Dulles" title="John Foster Dulles">John Foster Dulles</a> • <a href="/wiki/Robert_McNamara" title="Robert McNamara">Robert McNamara</a> • <a href="/wiki/Henry_Kissinger" title="Henry Kissinger">Henry Kissinger</a> • <a href="/wiki/George_P._Shultz" title="George P. Shultz">George P. Shultz</a> • <a href="/wiki/Caspar_Weinberger" title="Caspar Weinberger">Caspar Weinberger</a> • <a href="/wiki/Douglas_MacArthur" title="Douglas MacArthur">Douglas MacArthur</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Westmoreland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William Westmoreland — pagină inexistentă">William Westmoreland</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ethel_%C8%99i_Julius_Rosenberg" title="Ethel și Julius Rosenberg">Ethel și Julius Rosenberg</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aldrich_Ames&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aldrich Ames — pagină inexistentă">Aldrich Ames</a> • <a href="/wiki/Harry_Gold" title="Harry Gold">Harry Gold</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";;"><a href="/wiki/URSS" class="mw-redirect" title="URSS">URSS</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Iosif_Vissarionovici_Stalin" title="Iosif Vissarionovici Stalin">I. V. Stalin</a> • <a href="/wiki/Gheorghi_Malenkov" title="Gheorghi Malenkov">Gheorghi Malenkov</a> • <a href="/wiki/Viaceslav_Molotov" class="mw-redirect" title="Viaceslav Molotov">Viaceslav Molotov</a> • <a href="/wiki/Andrei_Grom%C3%AEko" title="Andrei Gromîko">Andrei Gromîko</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Anatoli_Dobr%C3%AEnin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anatoli Dobrînin — pagină inexistentă">Anatoli Dobrînin</a> • <a href="/wiki/Alexei_Kos%C3%AEghin" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexei Kosîghin">Alexei Kosîghin</a> • <a href="/wiki/Nikita_Hru%C8%99ciov" class="mw-redirect" title="Nikita Hrușciov">Nikita Hrușciov</a> • <a href="/wiki/Leonid_Brejnev" title="Leonid Brejnev">Leonid Brejnev</a> • <a href="/wiki/Iuri_Andropov" class="mw-redirect" title="Iuri Andropov">Iuri Andropov</a> • <a href="/wiki/Konstantin_Cernenko" title="Konstantin Cernenko">Konstantin Cernenko</a> • <a href="/wiki/Mihail_Gorbaciov" title="Mihail Gorbaciov">Mihail Gorbaciov</a> • <a href="/wiki/Nikolai_R%C3%AEjkov" title="Nikolai Rîjkov">Nikolai Rîjkov</a> • <a href="/wiki/Eduard_%C8%98evardnadze" title="Eduard Șevardnadze">Eduard Șevardnadze</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ghenadi_Ianaev" title="Ghenadi Ianaev">Ghenadi Ianaev</a> • <a href="/wiki/Boris_El%C8%9Bin" class="mw-redirect" title="Boris Elțin">Boris Elțin</a>  • <a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Ivanovici_Abel" title="Rudolf Ivanovici Abel">Rudolf Ivanovici Abel</a> • <a href="/wiki/Igor_Orlov" title="Igor Orlov">Igor Orlov</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Oleg_Gordievski&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oleg Gordievski — pagină inexistentă">Oleg Gordievski</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";;"><a href="/wiki/Regatul_Unit" class="mw-redirect" title="Regatul Unit">Regatul Unit</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Winston Churchill</a> • <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher" title="Margaret Thatcher">Margaret Thatcher</a> • <a href="/wiki/Clement_Attlee" title="Clement Attlee">Clement Attlee</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Bevin" title="Ernest Bevin">Ernest Bevin</a> • <a href="/wiki/Harold_Macmillan" title="Harold Macmillan">Harold Macmillan</a> • <a href="/wiki/Alec_Douglas-Home" title="Alec Douglas-Home">Alec Douglas-Home</a> • <a href="/wiki/Kim_Philby" title="Kim Philby">Kim Philby</a> • <a href="/wiki/Harold_Wilson" title="Harold Wilson">Harold Wilson</a> • <a href="/wiki/Edward_Heath" title="Edward Heath">Edward Heath</a> • <a href="/wiki/James_Callaghan" title="James Callaghan">James Callaghan</a>  • <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Blunt" title="Anthony Blunt">Anthony Blunt</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Guy_Burgess&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Guy Burgess — pagină inexistentă">Guy Burgess</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Donald_Maclean_(spion)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Donald Maclean (spion) — pagină inexistentă">Donald Maclean</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";;"><a href="/wiki/Fran%C8%9Ba" title="Franța">Franța</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Vincent_Auriol" title="Vincent Auriol">Vincent Auriol</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Coty" title="René Coty">René Coty</a> • <a href="/wiki/Charles_de_Gaulle" title="Charles de Gaulle">Charles de Gaulle</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alain_Poher&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alain Poher — pagină inexistentă">Alain Poher</a> • <a href="/wiki/Georges_Pompidou" title="Georges Pompidou">Georges Pompidou</a> • <a href="/wiki/Val%C3%A9ry_Giscard_d%27Estaing" title="Valéry Giscard d'Estaing">Valéry Giscard d'Estaing</a> • <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Mitterrand" title="François Mitterrand">François Mitterrand</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";;"><a href="/wiki/Republica_Federal%C4%83_Germania" class="mw-redirect" title="Republica Federală Germania">RFG</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Konrad_Adenauer" title="Konrad Adenauer">Konrad Adenauer</a> • <a href="/wiki/Willy_Brandt" title="Willy Brandt">Willy Brandt</a> • <a href="/wiki/Helmut_Kohl" title="Helmut Kohl">Helmut Kohl</a> • <a href="/wiki/Helmut_Schmidt" title="Helmut Schmidt">Helmut Schmidt</a> • <a href="/wiki/Walter_Hallstein" title="Walter Hallstein">Walter Hallstein</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";;"><a href="/wiki/Republica_Democrat%C4%83_German%C4%83" title="Republica Democrată Germană">RDG</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Erich_Honecker" title="Erich Honecker">Erich Honecker</a> • <a href="/wiki/Walter_Ulbricht" title="Walter Ulbricht">Walter Ulbricht</a> • <a href="/wiki/Egon_Krenz" title="Egon Krenz">Egon Krenz</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=G%C3%BCnter_Guillaume&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Günter Guillaume — pagină inexistentă">Günter Guillaume</a> • <a href="/wiki/Markus_Wolf" title="Markus Wolf">Markus Wolf</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";;"><a href="/wiki/Republica_Socialist%C4%83_Cehoslovacia" class="mw-redirect" title="Republica Socialistă Cehoslovacia">Cehoslovacia</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Dub%C4%8Dek" title="Alexander Dubček">Alexander Dubček</a> • <a href="/wiki/Milan_Kundera" title="Milan Kundera">Milan Kundera</a> • <a href="/wiki/Klement_Gottwald" title="Klement Gottwald">Klement Gottwald</a> • <a href="/wiki/Jan_Palach" title="Jan Palach">Jan Palach</a> • <a href="/wiki/Gust%C3%A1v_Hus%C3%A1k" title="Gustáv Husák">Gustáv Husák</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Anton%C3%ADn_Novotny&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antonín Novotny — pagină inexistentă">Antonín Novotny</a> • <a href="/wiki/V%C3%A1clav_Havel" title="Václav Havel">Václav Havel</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";;"><a href="/wiki/Republica_Popular%C4%83_Polon%C4%83" title="Republica Populară Polonă">Polonia</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Wojciech_Jaruzelski" title="Wojciech Jaruzelski">Wojciech Jaruzelski</a> • <a href="/wiki/Lech_Wa%C5%82%C4%99sa" title="Lech Wałęsa">Lech Wałęsa</a> • <a href="/wiki/Papa_Ioan_Paul_al_II-lea" title="Papa Ioan Paul al II-lea">Papa Ioan Paul al II-lea</a> •  <a href="/wiki/Boles%C5%82aw_Bierut" title="Bolesław Bierut">Bolesław Bierut</a> • <a href="/wiki/W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Gomu%C5%82ka" title="Władysław Gomułka">Władysław Gomułka</a>  • <a href="/wiki/Edward_Gierek" title="Edward Gierek">Edward Gierek</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";;"><a href="/wiki/Republica_Popular%C4%83_Ungar%C4%83" title="Republica Populară Ungară">Ungaria</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A1ty%C3%A1s_R%C3%A1kosi" title="Mátyás Rákosi">Mátyás Rákosi</a> • <a href="/wiki/Imre_Nagy_(politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Imre Nagy (politician)">Imre Nagy</a> • <a href="/wiki/J%C3%A1nos_K%C3%A1d%C3%A1r" title="János Kádár">János Kádár</a> • <a href="/wiki/Gyula_Horn" title="Gyula Horn">Gyula Horn</a> • <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A1szl%C3%B3_Rajk" title="László Rajk">László Rajk</a> • <a href="/wiki/Mikl%C3%B3s_N%C3%A9meth" title="Miklós Németh">Miklós Németh</a> • <a href="/wiki/Viktor_Orb%C3%A1n" title="Viktor Orbán">Viktor Orbán</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gy%C3%B6rgy_L%C3%A1z%C3%A1r&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="György Lázár — pagină inexistentă">György Lázár</a> • <a href="/wiki/K%C3%A1roly_Gr%C3%B3sz" title="Károly Grósz">Károly Grósz</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";;"><a href="/wiki/Portugalia" title="Portugalia">Portugalia</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Ant%C3%B3nio_de_Oliveira_Salazar" title="António de Oliveira Salazar">António de Oliveira Salazar</a> •  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Marcelo_Caetano&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marcelo Caetano — pagină inexistentă">Marcelo Caetano</a> •  <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%81lvaro_Cunhal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Álvaro Cunhal — pagină inexistentă">Álvaro Cunhal</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Salgueiro_Maia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Salgueiro Maia — pagină inexistentă">Salgueiro Maia</a> • <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A1rio_Soares" title="Mário Soares">Mário Soares</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";;"><a href="/wiki/Republica_Socialist%C4%83_Rom%C3%A2nia" title="Republica Socialistă România">România</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Gheorghe_Gheorghiu-Dej" title="Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej">Gh. Gheorghiu-Dej</a> • <a href="/wiki/Nicolae_Ceau%C8%99escu" title="Nicolae Ceaușescu">Nicolae Ceaușescu</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ion_Mihai_Pacepa" title="Ion Mihai Pacepa">Ion Mihai Pacepa</a> • <a href="/wiki/Mihai_al_Rom%C3%A2niei" class="mw-redirect" title="Mihai al României">Mihai al României</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ion_Iliescu" title="Ion Iliescu">Ion Iliescu</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ion_Gheorghe_Maurer" title="Ion Gheorghe Maurer">Ion Gheorghe Maurer</a> • <a href="/wiki/Chivu_Stoica" title="Chivu Stoica">Chivu Stoica</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";;"><a href="/wiki/Republica_Popular%C4%83_Bulgar%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Republica Populară Bulgară">Bulgaria</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Todor_Jivkov" title="Todor Jivkov">Todor Jivkov</a> • <a href="/wiki/Petar_Mladenov" class="mw-redirect" title="Petar Mladenov">Petar Mladenov</a>  • <a href="/wiki/Jeliu_Jelev" title="Jeliu Jelev">Jeliu Jelev</a> • <a href="/wiki/Vasil_Kolarov" title="Vasil Kolarov">Vasil Kolarov</a> • <a href="/wiki/Simeon_al_II-lea_al_Bulgariei" class="mw-redirect" title="Simeon al II-lea al Bulgariei">Simeon al II-lea</a> • <a href="/wiki/Gheorghi_Dimitrov" title="Gheorghi Dimitrov">Gheorghi Dimitrov</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";;"><a href="/wiki/Republica_Federativ%C4%83_Iugoslavia" class="mw-redirect" title="Republica Federativă Iugoslavia">Iugoslavia</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Josip_Broz_Tito" class="mw-redirect" title="Josip Broz Tito">Josip Broz Tito</a> • <a href="/wiki/Milovan_%C4%90ilas" title="Milovan Đilas">Milovan Đilas</a>  • <a href="/wiki/Ivan_Ribar" title="Ivan Ribar">Ivan Ribar</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ante_Markovi%C4%87" title="Ante Marković">Ante Marković</a> • <a href="/wiki/Stjepan_Mesi%C4%87" title="Stjepan Mesić">Stjepan Mesić</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";;"><a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albania</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Enver_Hodja" title="Enver Hodja">Enver Hodja</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ramiz_Alia" title="Ramiz Alia">Ramiz Alia</a> •  <a href="/wiki/Sali_Berisha" title="Sali Berisha">Sali Berisha</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";;"><a href="/wiki/Finlanda" title="Finlanda">Finlanda</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Urho_Kekkonen" title="Urho Kekkonen">Urho Kekkonen</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";;"><a href="/wiki/Italia" title="Italia">Italia</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Alcide_De_Gasperi" title="Alcide De Gasperi">Alcide De Gasperi</a> • <a href="/wiki/Palmiro_Togliatti" title="Palmiro Togliatti">Palmiro Togliatti</a> • <a href="/wiki/Giulio_Andreotti" title="Giulio Andreotti">Giulio Andreotti</a> • <a href="/wiki/Aldo_Moro" title="Aldo Moro">Aldo Moro</a> • <a href="/wiki/Enrico_Berlinguer" title="Enrico Berlinguer">Enrico Berlinguer</a> • <a href="/wiki/Francesco_Cossiga" title="Francesco Cossiga">Francesco Cossiga</a> • <a href="/wiki/Bettino_Craxi" title="Bettino Craxi">Bettino Craxi</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";;"><a href="/wiki/Spania" title="Spania">Spania</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Francisco_Franco" title="Francisco Franco">Francisco Franco</a> • <a href="/wiki/Juan_Carlos_I_al_Spaniei" title="Juan Carlos I al Spaniei">Juan Carlos I</a> • <a href="/wiki/Adolfo_Su%C3%A1rez" title="Adolfo Suárez">Adolfo Suárez</a> • <a href="/wiki/Felipe_Gonz%C3%A1lez" title="Felipe González">Felipe González</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Luis_Carrero-Blanco&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Luis Carrero-Blanco — pagină inexistentă">Luis Carrero-Blanco</a> •  <a href="/wiki/Felipe_Gonz%C3%A1lez" title="Felipe González">Felipe González</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";;"><a href="/wiki/Vatican" title="Vatican">Vatican</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Papa_Pius_al_XII-lea" title="Papa Pius al XII-lea">papa Pius al XII-lea</a> • <a href="/wiki/Papa_Ioan_al_XXIII-lea" title="Papa Ioan al XXIII-lea">papa Ioan al XXIII-lea</a> • <a href="/wiki/Papa_Paul_al_VI-lea" title="Papa Paul al VI-lea">papa Paul al VI-lea</a> • <a href="/wiki/Agostino_Casaroli" title="Agostino Casaroli">Agostino Casaroli</a> •  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Luigi_Poggi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Luigi Poggi — pagină inexistentă">Luigi Poggi</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";;"><a href="/wiki/Republica_Popular%C4%83_Chinez%C4%83" title="Republica Populară Chineză">China</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Mao_Zedong" title="Mao Zedong">Mao Zedong</a> • <a href="/wiki/Zhou_Enlai" class="mw-redirect" title="Zhou Enlai">Zhou Enlai</a> • <a href="/wiki/Hua_Guofeng" title="Hua Guofeng">Hua Guofeng</a> • <a href="/wiki/Deng_Xiaoping" title="Deng Xiaoping">Deng Xiaoping</a> •  <a href="/wiki/Zhao_Ziyang" title="Zhao Ziyang">Zhao Ziyang</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";;"><a href="/wiki/Republica_Chinez%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Republica Chineză">Republica Chineză</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Chiang_Kai-shek" title="Chiang Kai-shek">Chiang Kai-shek</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";;"><a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Republica Cuba</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Fidel_Castro" title="Fidel Castro">Fidel Castro</a> • <a href="/wiki/Che_Guevara" title="Che Guevara">Che Guevara</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";;"><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Lyon_Mackenzie_King&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William Lyon Mackenzie King — pagină inexistentă">William Lyon Mackenzie King</a> •  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis_St._Laurent&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Louis St. Laurent — pagină inexistentă">Louis St. Laurent</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lester_B._Pearson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lester B. Pearson — pagină inexistentă">Lester Pearson</a> • <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Trudeau" title="Pierre Trudeau">Pierre Trudeau</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Joe_Clark&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joe Clark — pagină inexistentă">Joe Clark</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Turner&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Turner — pagină inexistentă">John Turner</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Brian_Mulroney&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brian Mulroney — pagină inexistentă">Brian Mulroney</a> • <a href="/wiki/Kim_Campbell" title="Kim Campbell">Kim Campbell</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";;">Orientul<br /> Apropiat </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> </div> <table cellspacing="0" class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="width:100%;;;"> <tbody><tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Egipt" title="Egipt">Egipt</a></div> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Gamal_Abdel_Nasser" title="Gamal Abdel Nasser">Gamal Abdel Nasser</a> • <a href="/wiki/Anwar_Sadat" title="Anwar Sadat">Anwar Sadat</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a></div> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Menachem_Begin" class="mw-redirect" title="Menachem Begin">Menachem Begin</a> • <a href="/wiki/Yitzhak_Rabin" class="mw-redirect" title="Yitzhak Rabin">Yitzhak Rabin</a> • <a href="/wiki/Moshe_Dayan" title="Moshe Dayan">Moshe Dayan</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ariel_Sharon" class="mw-redirect" title="Ariel Sharon">Ariel Sharon</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ezer_Weizman" title="Ezer Weizman">Ezer Weizman</a> • <a href="/wiki/Golda_Meir" title="Golda Meir">Golda Meir</a> • <a href="/wiki/David_Ben-Gurion" class="mw-redirect" title="David Ben-Gurion">David Ben-Gurion</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Siria" title="Siria">Siria</a></div> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Hafez_al-Assad" title="Hafez al-Assad">Hafez al-Assad</a> • <a href="/wiki/Michel_Aflaq" title="Michel Aflaq">Michel Aflaq</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Salah_Jadid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Salah Jadid — pagină inexistentă">Salah Jadid</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a></div> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Reza_Pahlavi" title="Mohammad Reza Pahlavi">Mohammad Reza Pahlavi</a> • <a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Mosaddegh" title="Mohammad Mosaddegh">Mohammad Mosaddegh</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ruhollah_Khomeini" title="Ruhollah Khomeini">Ayatollah Khomeini</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Irak" title="Irak">Irak</a></div> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Abd_al-Karim_Qasim&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abd al-Karim Qasim — pagină inexistentă">Abd al-Karim Qasim</a> •  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmed_Hassan_al-Bakr&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr — pagină inexistentă">Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr</a> <a href="/wiki/Saddam_Hussein" title="Saddam Hussein">Saddam Hussein</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Palestina" class="mw-disambig" title="Palestina">Palestina</a></div> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Yasser_Arafat" title="Yasser Arafat">Yasser Arafat</a> • <a href="/wiki/George_Habash" title="George Habash">George Habash</a></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16513826"></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";;">Asia </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> </div> <table cellspacing="0" class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="width:100%;;;"> <tbody><tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Coreea_de_Nord" title="Coreea de Nord">Coreea de Nord</a></div> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Kim_Ir-sen" title="Kim Ir-sen">Kim Ir-sen</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Coreea_de_Sud" title="Coreea de Sud">Coreea de Sud</a></div> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Syngman_Rhee" title="Syngman Rhee">Syngman Rhee</a> • <a href="/wiki/Park_Chung-hee" title="Park Chung-hee">Park Chung-hee</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a></div> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Ho_%C8%98i_Min" title="Ho Și Min">Ho Și Min</a> • <a href="/wiki/Le_Duan" title="Le Duan">Le Duan</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ngo_Dinh_Diem" class="mw-redirect" title="Ngo Dinh Diem">Ngo Dinh Diem</a> • <a href="/wiki/Nguy%E1%BB%85n_V%C4%83n_Thi%E1%BB%87u" title="Nguyễn Văn Thiệu">Nguyễn Văn Thiệu</a>  • <a href="/wiki/V%C3%B5_Nguy%C3%AAn_Gi%C3%A1p" title="Võ Nguyên Giáp">Võ Nguyên Giáp</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Japonia" title="Japonia">Japonia</a></div> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Hirohito" title="Hirohito">Hirohito</a> • <a href="/wiki/Kakuei_Tanaka" title="Kakuei Tanaka">Kakuei Tanaka</a> • <a href="/wiki/Yasuhiro_Nakasone" title="Yasuhiro Nakasone">Yasuhiro Nakasone</a> • <a href="/wiki/Toshiki_Kaifu" title="Toshiki Kaifu">Toshiki Kaifu</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Cambodgia" title="Cambodgia">Cambodgia</a></div> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Pol_Pot" title="Pol Pot">Pol Pot</a> • <a href="/wiki/Norodom_Sihanouk" title="Norodom Sihanouk">Norodom Sihanouk</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lon_Nol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lon Nol — pagină inexistentă">Lon Nol</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></div> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Indira_Gandhi" title="Indira Gandhi">Indira Gandhi</a> • <a href="/wiki/Jawaharlal_Nehru" title="Jawaharlal Nehru">Jawaharlal Nehru</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Indonezia" title="Indonezia">Indonezia</a></div> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Sukarno" title="Sukarno">Sukarno</a> • <a href="/wiki/Suharto" title="Suharto">Suharto</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mohammad_Hatta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mohammad Hatta — pagină inexistentă">Mohammad Hatta</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Adam_Malik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Adam Malik — pagină inexistentă">Adam Malik</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a></div> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zulfikar_Ali_Bhutto&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zulfikar Ali Bhutto — pagină inexistentă">Zulfikar Ali Bhutto</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Muhammad_Zia-ul-Haq&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq — pagină inexistentă">Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Filipine" title="Filipine">Filipine</a></div> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Corazon_Aquino" title="Corazon Aquino">Corazon Aquino</a> • <a href="/wiki/Imelda_Marcos" title="Imelda Marcos">Imelda Marcos</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Marcos" title="Ferdinand Marcos">Ferdinand Marcos</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fidel_V._Ramos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fidel V. Ramos — pagină inexistentă">Fidel V. Ramos</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Afganistan" title="Afganistan">Afganistan</a></div> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mohammad_Najibullah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mohammad Najibullah — pagină inexistentă">Mohammad Najibullah</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Shah_Massoud" title="Ahmad Shah Massoud">Ahmad Shah Massoud</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a></div> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Mahathir_Mohamad" title="Mahathir Mohamad">Mahathir Mohamad</a></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16513826"></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";;">America <br />Latină </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> </div> <table cellspacing="0" class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="width:100%;;;"> <tbody><tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a></div> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Juan_Per%C3%B3n" title="Juan Perón">Juan Perón</a> • <a href="/wiki/Jorge_Videla" title="Jorge Videla">Jorge Rafael Videla</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Leopoldo_Galtieri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leopoldo Galtieri — pagină inexistentă">Leopoldo Galtieri</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Brazilia" title="Brazilia">Brazilia</a></div> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Get%C3%BAlio_Vargas" title="Getúlio Vargas">Getúlio Vargas</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lu%C3%ADs_Carlos_Prestes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Luís Carlos Prestes — pagină inexistentă">Luís Prestes</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Leonel_Brizola&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leonel Brizola — pagină inexistentă">Leonel Brizola</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a></div> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Salvador_Allende" title="Salvador Allende">Salvador Allende</a> • <a href="/wiki/Augusto_Pinochet" title="Augusto Pinochet">Augusto Pinochet</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Panama" title="Panama">Panama</a></div> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Manuel_Noriega" title="Manuel Noriega">Manuel Noriega</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Omar_Torrijos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Omar Torrijos — pagină inexistentă">Omar Torrijos</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Guatemala" title="Guatemala">Guatemala</a></div> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacobo_%C3%81rbenz_Guzm%C3%A1n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jacobo Árbenz Guzmán — pagină inexistentă">Jacobo Árbenz Guzmán</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Carlos_Castillo_Armas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carlos Castillo Armas — pagină inexistentă">Carlos Castillo Armas</a> • <a href="/wiki/Efra%C3%ADn_R%C3%ADos_Montt" title="Efraín Ríos Montt">Efraín Ríos Montt</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Nicaragua" title="Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a></div> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Ortega" title="Daniel Ortega">Daniel Ortega</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Paraguay" title="Paraguay">Paraguay</a></div> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Alfredo_Stroessner" title="Alfredo Stroessner">Alfredo Stroessner</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Andr%C3%A9s_Rodr%C3%ADguez&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Andrés Rodríguez — pagină inexistentă">Andrés Rodríguez</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Honduras" title="Honduras">Honduras</a></div> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ram%C3%B3n_Villeda_Morales&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ramón Villeda Morales — pagină inexistentă">Ramón Villeda Morales</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Oswaldo_L%C3%B3pez_Arellano&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oswaldo López Arellano — pagină inexistentă">Oswaldo López Arellano</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Roberto_Suazo_C%C3%B3rdova&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Roberto Suazo Córdova — pagină inexistentă">Roberto Suazo Córdova</a></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16513826"></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16513826"> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Time_Persons_of_the_Year" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Format:Time_Persons_of_the_Year" title="Format:Time Persons of the Year"><abbr title="Vizualizează acest format" style=";;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Discu%C8%9Bie_Format:Time_Persons_of_the_Year&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Discuție Format:Time Persons of the Year — pagină inexistentă"><abbr title="Discută acest format" style=";;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none;">d</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Format:Time_Persons_of_the_Year&action=edit"><abbr title="Modifică acest format" style=";;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none;">m</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Time_Persons_of_the_Year" style="font-size:100%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Time_Person_of_the_Year" title="Time Person of the Year"><i>Time</i> Persons of the Year</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1927–1950</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Lindbergh" title="Charles Lindbergh">Charles Lindbergh</a> (1927)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Walter_Chrysler&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Walter Chrysler — pagină inexistentă">Walter Chrysler</a> (1928)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Owen_D._Young&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Owen D. Young — pagină inexistentă">Owen D. Young</a> (1929)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi" title="Mahatma Gandhi">Mohandas Gandhi</a> (1930)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pierre_Laval&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pierre Laval — pagină inexistentă">Pierre Laval</a> (1931)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" class="mw-redirect" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Franklin D. Roosevelt</a> (1932)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hugh_S._Johnson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hugh S. Johnson — pagină inexistentă">Hugh S. Johnson</a> (1933)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" class="mw-redirect" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Franklin D. Roosevelt</a> (1934)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Haile_Selassie" class="mw-redirect" title="Haile Selassie">Haile Selassie</a> (1935)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wallis_Simpson" title="Wallis Simpson">Wallis Simpson</a> (1936)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Chiang_Kai-shek" title="Chiang Kai-shek">Chiang Kai-shek</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Soong_Mei-ling&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Soong Mei-ling — pagină inexistentă">Soong Mei-ling</a> (1937)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Adolf Hitler</a> (1938)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Stalin" class="mw-redirect" title="Joseph Stalin">Joseph Stalin</a> (1939)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Winston Churchill</a> (1940)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" class="mw-redirect" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Franklin D. Roosevelt</a> (1941)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Stalin" class="mw-redirect" title="Joseph Stalin">Joseph Stalin</a> (1942)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_Marshall" title="George Marshall">George Marshall</a> (1943)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dwight_D._Eisenhower" class="mw-redirect" title="Dwight D. Eisenhower">Dwight D. Eisenhower</a> (1944)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Harry_S._Truman" title="Harry S. Truman">Harry S. Truman</a> (1945)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/James_F._Byrnes" title="James F. Byrnes">James F. Byrnes</a> (1946)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_Marshall" title="George Marshall">George Marshall</a> (1947)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Harry_S._Truman" title="Harry S. Truman">Harry S. Truman</a> (1948)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Winston Churchill</a> (1949)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/R%C4%83zboiul_din_Coreea" title="Războiul din Coreea">Omul luptător american</a> (1950)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1951–1975</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Mosaddegh" title="Mohammad Mosaddegh">Mohammed Mosaddeq</a> (1951)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Elisabeta_a_II-a" title="Elisabeta a II-a">Elisabeta a II-a</a> (1952)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Konrad_Adenauer" title="Konrad Adenauer">Konrad Adenauer</a> (1953)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Foster_Dulles" title="John Foster Dulles">John Foster Dulles</a> (1954)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harlow_Curtice&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Harlow Curtice — pagină inexistentă">Harlow Curtice</a> (1955)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Revolu%C8%9Bia_ungar%C4%83_din_1956" class="mw-redirect" title="Revoluția ungară din 1956">Luptătorii maghiari de libertate</a> (1956)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nikita_Hru%C8%99ciov" class="mw-redirect" title="Nikita Hrușciov">Nikita Hrușciov</a> (1957)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Charles_de_Gaulle" title="Charles de Gaulle">Charles de Gaulle</a> (1958)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dwight_D._Eisenhower" class="mw-redirect" title="Dwight D. Eisenhower">Dwight D. Eisenhower</a> (1959)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span style="white-space: normal;"> U.S. Scientists: <a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Beadle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="George Beadle — pagină inexistentă">George Beadle</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Stark_Draper&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles Stark Draper — pagină inexistentă">Charles Draper</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Franklin_Enders&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Franklin Enders — pagină inexistentă">John Enders</a> / <a href="/wiki/Donald_A._Glaser" class="mw-redirect" title="Donald A. Glaser">Donald A. Glaser</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Joshua_Lederberg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joshua Lederberg — pagină inexistentă">Joshua Lederberg</a> / <a href="/wiki/Willard_Libby" title="Willard Libby">Willard Libby</a> / <a href="/wiki/Linus_Pauling" title="Linus Pauling">Linus Pauling</a> / <a href="/wiki/Edward_Mills_Purcell" title="Edward Mills Purcell">Edward Purcell</a> / <a href="/wiki/Isidor_Isaac_Rabi" title="Isidor Isaac Rabi">Isidor Rabi</a> / <a href="/wiki/Emilio_Segr%C3%A8" title="Emilio Segrè">Emilio Segrè</a> / <a href="/wiki/William_Shockley" class="mw-redirect" title="William Shockley">William Shockley</a> / <a href="/wiki/Edward_Teller" title="Edward Teller">Edward Teller</a> / <a href="/wiki/Charles_H._Townes" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles H. Townes">Charles Townes</a> / <a href="/wiki/James_Van_Allen" title="James Van Allen">James Van Allen</a> / <a href="/wiki/Robert_Burns_Woodward" title="Robert Burns Woodward">Robert Woodward</a> </span> (1960)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy" title="John F. Kennedy">John F. Kennedy</a> (1961)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Papa_Ioan_al_XXIII-lea" title="Papa Ioan al XXIII-lea">Papa Ioan al XXIII-lea</a> (1962)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther_King_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Martin Luther King Jr.">Martin Luther King Jr.</a> (1963)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">Lyndon B. Johnson</a> (1964)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Westmoreland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William Westmoreland — pagină inexistentă">William Westmoreland</a> (1965)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baby_boomers&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Baby boomers — pagină inexistentă">The Generation Twenty-Five and Under</a> (1966)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">Lyndon B. Johnson</a> (1967)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span style="white-space: normal;"> <a href="/wiki/Apollo_8" title="Apollo 8">Astronauți Apollo 8</a>: <a href="/wiki/William_Anders" title="William Anders">William Anders</a> / <a href="/wiki/Frank_Borman" title="Frank Borman">Frank Borman</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jim_Lovell" class="mw-redirect" title="Jim Lovell">Jim Lovell</a> </span> (1968)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Middle_America_(Statele_Unite)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Middle America (Statele Unite) — pagină inexistentă">The Middle Americans</a> (1969)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Willy_Brandt" title="Willy Brandt">Willy Brandt</a> (1970)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Richard Nixon</a> (1971)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Henry_Kissinger" title="Henry Kissinger">Henry Kissinger</a> / <a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Richard Nixon</a> (1972)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Sirica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Sirica — pagină inexistentă">John Sirica</a> (1973)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Faisal_of_Saudi_Arabia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Faisal of Saudi Arabia — pagină inexistentă">King Faisal</a> (1974)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span style="white-space: normal;"> American Women: <a href="/wiki/Susan_Brownmiller" title="Susan Brownmiller">Susan Brownmiller</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kathleen_Byerly&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kathleen Byerly — pagină inexistentă">Kathleen Byerly</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alison_Cheek&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alison Cheek — pagină inexistentă">Alison Cheek</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jill_Ker_Conway&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jill Ker Conway — pagină inexistentă">Jill Conway</a> / <a href="/wiki/Betty_Ford" title="Betty Ford">Betty Ford</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ella_Grasso&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ella Grasso — pagină inexistentă">Ella Grasso</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Carla_Anderson_Hills&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carla Anderson Hills — pagină inexistentă">Carla Hills</a> / <a href="/wiki/Barbara_Jordan" title="Barbara Jordan">Barbara Jordan</a> / <a href="/wiki/Billie_Jean_King" title="Billie Jean King">Billie Jean King</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Susie_Sharp&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Susie Sharp — pagină inexistentă">Susie Sharp</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Carol_Sutton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carol Sutton — pagină inexistentă">Carol Sutton</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Addie_L._Wyatt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Addie L. Wyatt — pagină inexistentă">Addie Wyatt</a> </span> (1975)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1976–2000</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter">Jimmy Carter</a> (1976)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Anwar_Sadat" title="Anwar Sadat">Anwar Sadat</a> (1977)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Deng_Xiaoping" title="Deng Xiaoping">Deng Xiaoping</a> (1978)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ruhollah_Khomeini" title="Ruhollah Khomeini">Ayatollah Khomeini</a> (1979)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a> (1980)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lech_Wa%C5%82%C4%99sa" title="Lech Wałęsa">Lech Wałęsa</a> (1981)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Computer_personal" title="Computer personal">Computer</a> (1982)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a> / <a href="/wiki/Yuri_Andropov" class="mw-redirect" title="Yuri Andropov">Yuri Andropov</a> (1983)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peter_Ueberroth&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peter Ueberroth — pagină inexistentă">Peter Ueberroth</a> (1984)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Deng_Xiaoping" title="Deng Xiaoping">Deng Xiaoping</a> (1985)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Corazon_Aquino" title="Corazon Aquino">Corazon Aquino</a> (1986)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Gorbachev" class="mw-redirect" title="Mikhail Gorbachev">Mikhail Gorbachev</a> (1987)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ecologism" title="Ecologism">Pământul pe cale de dispariție</a> (1988)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mihail_Gorbaciov" title="Mihail Gorbaciov">Mihail Gorbaciov</a> (1989)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_H._W._Bush" title="George H. W. Bush">George H. W. Bush</a> (1990)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ted_Turner" title="Ted Turner">Ted Turner</a> (1991)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Bill Clinton</a> (1992)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span style="white-space: normal;"> The Peacemakers: <a href="/wiki/Yasser_Arafat" title="Yasser Arafat">Yasser Arafat</a> / <a href="/wiki/F._W._de_Klerk" title="F. W. de Klerk">F. W. de Klerk</a> / <a href="/wiki/Nelson_Mandela" title="Nelson Mandela">Nelson Mandela</a> / <a href="/wiki/Yitzhak_Rabin" class="mw-redirect" title="Yitzhak Rabin">Yitzhak Rabin</a> </span> (1993)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Papa_Ioan_Paul_al_II-lea" title="Papa Ioan Paul al II-lea">Papa Ioan Paul al II-lea</a> (1994)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Newt_Gingrich" title="Newt Gingrich">Newt Gingrich</a> (1995)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Ho&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="David Ho — pagină inexistentă">David Ho</a> (1996)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andrew_Grove&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Andrew Grove — pagină inexistentă">Andrew Grove</a> (1997)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Bill Clinton</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ken_Starr&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ken Starr — pagină inexistentă">Ken Starr</a> (1998)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jeff_Bezos" title="Jeff Bezos">Jeff Bezos</a> (1999)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a> (2000)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2001–prezent</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Rudy_Giuliani" title="Rudy Giuliani">Rudolph Giuliani</a> (2001)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span style="white-space: normal;"> Avertizorii de integritate: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cynthia_Cooper_(accountant)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cynthia Cooper (accountant) — pagină inexistentă">Cynthia Cooper</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Coleen_Rowley&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Coleen Rowley — pagină inexistentă">Coleen Rowley</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sherron_Watkins&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sherron Watkins — pagină inexistentă">Sherron Watkins</a> </span> (2002)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/R%C4%83zboiul_din_Irak" title="Războiul din Irak">Soldatul american</a> (2003)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a> (2004)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span style="white-space: normal;"> The Good Samaritans: <a href="/wiki/Bono" title="Bono">Bono</a> / <a href="/wiki/Bill_Gates" title="Bill Gates">Bill Gates</a> / <a href="/wiki/Melinda_Gates" title="Melinda Gates">Melinda Gates</a> </span> (2005)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=You_(Time_Person_of_the_Year)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="You (Time Person of the Year) — pagină inexistentă">You</a> (2006)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a> (2007)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> (2008)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ben_Bernanke" title="Ben Bernanke">Ben Bernanke</a> (2009)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mark_Zuckerberg" title="Mark Zuckerberg">Mark Zuckerberg</a> (2010)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Protest" title="Protest">Protestatarul</a> (2011)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> (2012)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Papa_Francisc" title="Papa Francisc">Papa Francisc</a> (2013)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span style="white-space: normal;"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C4%83spunsurile_la_epidemia_de_virus_Ebola_din_Africa_de_Vest&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Răspunsurile la epidemia de virus Ebola din Africa de Vest — pagină inexistentă">Luptătorii Ebola</a>: Dr. Jerry Brown / Dr. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kent_Brantly&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kent Brantly — pagină inexistentă">Kent Brantly</a> / Ella Watson-Stryker / Foday Gollah / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Salome_Karwah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Salome Karwah — pagină inexistentă">Salome Karwah</a> </span> (2014)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Angela_Merkel" title="Angela Merkel">Angela Merkel</a> (2015)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> (2016)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Me_Too_(hashtag)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Me Too (hashtag) — pagină inexistentă">The Silence Breakers</a> (2017)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span style="white-space: normal;"> The Guardians: <a href="/wiki/Jamal_Khashoggi" title="Jamal Khashoggi">Jamal Khashoggi</a> / <a href="/wiki/Maria_Ressa" title="Maria Ressa">Maria Ressa</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Masacrul_de_la_Inn_Din&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Masacrul de la Inn Din — pagină inexistentă">Wa Lone și Kyaw Soe Oo</a> / Echipa <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Atacul_armat_de_la_Capital_Gazette&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Atacul armat de la Capital Gazette — pagină inexistentă">The Capital</a></i> </span> (2018)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Greta_Thunberg" title="Greta Thunberg">Greta Thunberg</a> (2019)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> / <a href="/wiki/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris">Kamala Harris</a> (2020)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Elon_Musk" title="Elon Musk">Elon Musk</a> (2021)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Volod%C3%AEm%C3%AEr_Zelenski" title="Volodîmîr Zelenski">Volodîmîr Zelenski</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ucraineni" title="Ucraineni">Spiritul Ucrainei</a> (2022)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Taylor_Swift" title="Taylor Swift">Taylor Swift</a> (2023)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Symbol_book_class2.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wikipedia book"><img alt="Wikipedia book" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Symbol_book_class2.svg/16px-Symbol_book_class2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Symbol_book_class2.svg/24px-Symbol_book_class2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Symbol_book_class2.svg/32px-Symbol_book_class2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Carte:Time_Persons_of_the_Year&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carte:Time Persons of the Year — pagină inexistentă">Carte</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <table class="navbox" cellspacing="0" style=""> <tbody><tr> <td style="padding:2px;"> <table cellspacing="0" class="nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse" style="width:100%;background:transparent;color:inherit;;"> <tbody><tr> <th style="color:#000060; background:lightgrey;;color:#000060; background:lightgrey;" colspan="3" class="navbox-title"><div style="float:left; width:6em;text-align:left;"><div class="noprint plainlinks" style="padding:0; font-size:xx-small; color:var(--color-base, #000); white-space:nowrap; ;"><span style="color:#000060; background:lightgrey;;color:#000060; background:lightgrey;;border:none;"><a href="/wiki/Format:Time_100:_Cei_mai_importan%C8%9Bi_oameni_ai_secolului_XX" title="Format:Time 100: Cei mai importanți oameni ai secolului XX"><span title="Vizualizare format" style="color:#000060; background:lightgrey;;color:#000060; background:lightgrey;;border:none;;">v</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Discu%C8%9Bie_Format:Time_100:_Cei_mai_importan%C8%9Bi_oameni_ai_secolului_XX&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Discuție Format:Time 100: Cei mai importanți oameni ai secolului XX — pagină inexistentă"><span title="Discuție format" style="color:#000060; background:lightgrey;;color:#000060; background:lightgrey;;border:none;;">d</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Format:Time_100:_Cei_mai_importan%C8%9Bi_oameni_ai_secolului_XX&action=edit"><span title="Acest format se poate modifica. Folosiți butonul de previzualizare înainte de a salva." style="color:#000060; background:lightgrey;;color:#000060; background:lightgrey;;border:none;;">m</span></a></span></div></div><span class="" style="font-size: 110%;"><a href="/wiki/Time_100:_The_Most_Important_People_of_the_Century" title="Time 100: The Most Important People of the Century">Time 100: Cei mai importanți oameni ai secolului XX</a></span> </th></tr> <tr style="height:2px;"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style="color:#000060; background:lightgrey;;;">Lideri și revoluționari </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/David_Ben_Gurion" title="David Ben Gurion">David Ben Gurion</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Winston Churchill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi" title="Mahatma Gandhi">Mahatma Gandhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mihail_Gorbaciov" title="Mihail Gorbaciov">Mihail Gorbaciov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Adolf Hitler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ho_%C8%98i_Min" title="Ho Și Min">Ho Și Min</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papa_Ioan_Paul_al_II-lea" title="Papa Ioan Paul al II-lea">Papa Ioan Paul al II-lea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruhollah_Khomeini" title="Ruhollah Khomeini">Ruhollah Khomeini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther_King" title="Martin Luther King">Martin Luther King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Ilici_Lenin" title="Vladimir Ilici Lenin">Vladimir Ilici Lenin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nelson_Mandela" title="Nelson Mandela">Nelson Mandela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mao_Zedong" title="Mao Zedong">Mao Zedong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleanor_Roosevelt" title="Eleanor Roosevelt">Eleanor Roosevelt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_Delano_Roosevelt" title="Franklin Delano Roosevelt">Franklin Delano Roosevelt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt" title="Theodore Roosevelt">Theodore Roosevelt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Sanger" title="Margaret Sanger">Margaret Sanger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher" title="Margaret Thatcher">Margaret Thatcher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omul_din_Pia%C8%9Ba_Tiananmen" title="Omul din Piața Tiananmen">Omul din Piața Tiananmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lech_Wa%C5%82%C4%99sa" title="Lech Wałęsa">Lech Wałęsa</a></li></ul></div> </td> <td class="navbox-image" style="width:0%;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px;" rowspan="9"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Time_Magazine_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Time_Magazine_logo.svg/75px-Time_Magazine_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Time_Magazine_logo.svg/113px-Time_Magazine_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Time_Magazine_logo.svg/150px-Time_Magazine_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="298" data-file-height="92" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style="color:#000060; background:lightgrey;;;">Artiști și animatori </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Armstrong" title="Louis Armstrong">Louis Armstrong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucille_Ball" title="Lucille Ball">Lucille Ball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Beatles" title="The Beatles">The Beatles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marlon_Brando" title="Marlon Brando">Marlon Brando</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coco_Chanel" title="Coco Chanel">Coco Chanel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlie_Chaplin" title="Charlie Chaplin">Charlie Chaplin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Corbusier" title="Le Corbusier">Le Corbusier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Dylan" title="Bob Dylan">Bob Dylan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T._S._Eliot" title="T. S. Eliot">T. S. Eliot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aretha_Franklin" title="Aretha Franklin">Aretha Franklin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martha_Graham" title="Martha Graham">Martha Graham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Henson" title="Jim Henson">Jim Henson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Joyce" title="James Joyce">James Joyce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pablo_Picasso" title="Pablo Picasso">Pablo Picasso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rodgers_%C8%99i_Hammerstein" title="Rodgers și Hammerstein">Rodgers și Hammerstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bart_Simpson" title="Bart Simpson">Bart Simpson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Sinatra" title="Frank Sinatra">Frank Sinatra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steven_Spielberg" title="Steven Spielberg">Steven Spielberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igor_Stravinski" title="Igor Stravinski">Igor Stravinski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oprah_Winfrey" title="Oprah Winfrey">Oprah Winfrey</a></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style="color:#000060; background:lightgrey;;;">Făuritori și titani </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stephen_Bechtel_Sr.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stephen Bechtel Sr. — pagină inexistentă">Stephen Bechtel Sr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leo_Burnett" title="Leo Burnett">Leo Burnett</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Willis_Carrier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Willis Carrier — pagină inexistentă">Willis Carrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walt_Disney" title="Walt Disney">Walt Disney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Ford" title="Henry Ford">Henry Ford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Gates" title="Bill Gates">Bill Gates</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amadeo_Giannini&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Amadeo Giannini — pagină inexistentă">Amadeo Giannini</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ray_Kroc&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ray Kroc — pagină inexistentă">Ray Kroc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Est%C3%A9e_Lauder" title="Estée Lauder">Estée Lauder</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Levitt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William Levitt — pagină inexistentă">William Levitt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucky_Luciano" title="Lucky Luciano">Lucky Luciano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_B._Mayer" title="Louis B. Mayer">Louis B. Mayer</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_E._Merrill&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles E. Merrill — pagină inexistentă">Charles E. Merrill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akio_Morita" title="Akio Morita">Akio Morita</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Walter_Reuther&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Walter Reuther — pagină inexistentă">Walter Reuther</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pete_Rozelle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pete Rozelle — pagină inexistentă">Pete Rozelle</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Sarnoff&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="David Sarnoff — pagină inexistentă">David Sarnoff</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Juan_Trippe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Juan Trippe — pagină inexistentă">Juan Trippe</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sam_Walton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sam Walton — pagină inexistentă">Sam Walton</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_J._Watson_Jr.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thomas J. Watson Jr. — pagină inexistentă">Thomas J. Watson Jr.</a></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style="color:#000060; background:lightgrey;;;">Oameni de știință și gânditori </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leo_Baekeland" title="Leo Baekeland">Leo Baekeland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Berners-Lee" title="Tim Berners-Lee">Tim Berners-Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rachel_Carson" title="Rachel Carson">Rachel Carson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein">Albert Einstein</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philo_Farnsworth&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Philo Farnsworth — pagină inexistentă">Philo Farnsworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enrico_Fermi" title="Enrico Fermi">Enrico Fermi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Fleming" title="Alexander Fleming">Alexander Fleming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigmund_Freud" title="Sigmund Freud">Sigmund Freud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_H._Goddard" title="Robert H. Goddard">Robert H. Goddard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurt_G%C3%B6del" title="Kurt Gödel">Kurt Gödel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwin_Hubble" title="Edwin Hubble">Edwin Hubble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Maynard_Keynes" title="John Maynard Keynes">John Maynard Keynes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Familia_Leakey" title="Familia Leakey">Familia Leakey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Piaget" title="Jean Piaget">Jean Piaget</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonas_Salk" title="Jonas Salk">Jonas Salk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Bradford_Shockley" title="William Bradford Shockley">William Bradford Shockley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Turing" title="Alan Turing">Alan Turing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Crick" title="Francis Crick">Francis Crick</a> & <a href="/wiki/James_D._Watson" title="James D. Watson">James D. Watson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Wittgenstein" title="Ludwig Wittgenstein">Ludwig Wittgenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fra%C8%9Bii_Wright" title="Frații Wright">Frații Wright</a></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style="color:#000060; background:lightgrey;;;">Eroi și legende </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Ali" title="Muhammad Ali">Muhammad Ali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armata_Statelor_Unite_ale_Americii" title="Armata Statelor Unite ale Americii">Soldatul american</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diana,_Prin%C8%9Bes%C4%83_de_Wales" title="Diana, Prințesă de Wales">Diana, Prințesă de Wales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Frank" title="Anne Frank">Anne Frank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billy_Graham" title="Billy Graham">Billy Graham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Che_Guevara" title="Che Guevara">Che Guevara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Hillary" title="Edmund Hillary">Edmund Hillary</a> & <a href="/wiki/Tenzing_Norgay" title="Tenzing Norgay">Tenzing Norgay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Keller" title="Helen Keller">Helen Keller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy" title="John F. Kennedy">Familia Kennedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Lee" title="Bruce Lee">Bruce Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Lindbergh" title="Charles Lindbergh">Charles Lindbergh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harvey_Milk" title="Harvey Milk">Harvey Milk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marilyn_Monroe" title="Marilyn Monroe">Marilyn Monroe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emmeline_Pankhurst" title="Emmeline Pankhurst">Emmeline Pankhurst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosa_Parks" title="Rosa Parks">Rosa Parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pel%C3%A9" title="Pelé">Pelé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jackie_Robinson" title="Jackie Robinson">Jackie Robinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrei_Saharov" title="Andrei Saharov">Andrei Saharov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maica_Tereza" title="Maica Tereza">Maica Tereza</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bill_W.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bill W. — pagină inexistentă">Bill W.</a></li></ul></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16513826"> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ajutor:Control_de_autoritate" title="Ajutor:Control de autoritate">Control de autoritate</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bibsys" title="Bibsys">BIBSYS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90117157">90117157</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_Nacional_de_Espa%C3%B1a" class="mw-redirect" title="Biblioteca Nacional de España">BNE</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX850994">XX850994</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale_de_France" title="Bibliothèque nationale de France">BNF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119836090">cb119836090</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119836090">(data)</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Biografisch_Portaal" title="Biografisch Portaal">BPN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.biografischportaal.nl/en/persoon/63267986">63267986</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/CiNii" title="CiNii">CiNii</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA0065926X?l=en">DA0065926X</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Authority_File" class="mw-redirect" title="Integrated Authority File">GND</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118520776">118520776</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Historical_Dictionary_of_Switzerland" class="mw-redirect" title="Historical Dictionary of Switzerland">HDS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hls-dhs-dss.ch/fr/articles/042890">042890</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Name_Identifier" title="International Standard Name Identifier">ISNI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://isni.org/isni/0000000120966628">0000 0001 2096 6628</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/KulturNav" title="KulturNav">KulturNav</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kulturnav.org/64ea9f31-622b-44b6-a357-f6433ce35bb2">64ea9f31-622b-44b6-a357-f6433ce35bb2</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n78085430">n78085430</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Latvia" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of Latvia">LNB</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000015449&P_CON_LNG=ENG">000015449</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/MusicBrainz" title="MusicBrainz">MusicBrainz</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/artist/e9fb8bad-ec0e-4cf1-aa82-a7e04a34b278">e9fb8bad-ec0e-4cf1-aa82-a7e04a34b278</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_Archives_and_Records_Administration" title="National Archives and Records Administration">NARA</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10583171">10583171</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Central_Library&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Central Library — pagină inexistentă">NCL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aleweb.ncl.edu.tw/F/?func=accref&acc_sequence=002206660&CON_LNG=ENG">002206660</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_Diet_Library" class="mw-redirect" title="National Diet Library">NDL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00436010">00436010</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_the_Czech_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of the Czech Republic">NKC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=jn19990003864&CON_LNG=ENG">jn19990003864</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of Australia">NLA</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35908632">35908632</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_and_University_Library_in_Zagreb" class="mw-redirect" title="National and University Library in Zagreb">NSK</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000014170&local_base=nsk10">000014170</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Netherlands_Institute_for_Art_History#Online_artist_pages" class="mw-redirect" title="Netherlands Institute for Art History">RKD</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rkd.nl/en/explore/artists/16810">16810</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Russian_State_Library" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian State Library">RSL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aleph.rsl.ru/F?func=find-b&find_code=SYS&adjacent=Y&local_base=RSL11&request=000004605&CON_LNG=ENG">000004605</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Istituto_Centrale_per_il_Catalogo_Unico" title="Istituto Centrale per il Catalogo Unico">ICCU</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/risultati-autori/-/opac-autori/detail/RAVV003813?core=autoriall">RAVV003813</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/LIBRIS" title="LIBRIS">SELIBR</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/auth/181701">181701</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/SNAC" title="SNAC">SNAC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://socialarchive.iath.virginia.edu/ark:/99166/w6g26q0t">w6g26q0t</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Syst%C3%A8me_universitaire_de_documentation" title="Système universitaire de documentation">SUDOC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/027891631">027891631</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Union_List_of_Artist_Names" title="Union List of Artist Names">ULAN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=&role=&nation=&subjectid=500028788">500028788</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Virtual_International_Authority_File" title="Virtual International Authority File">VIAF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/94507588">94507588</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/WorldCat_Identities" class="mw-redirect" title="WorldCat Identities">WorldCat Identities</a> (via VIAF): <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/identities/containsVIAFID/94507588">94507588</a></span></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Ajutor:Control_de_autoritate" title="Ajutor:Control de autoritate"><img 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Rendering was triggered because: page-view --> </div><!--esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> --><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Adus de la <a dir="ltr" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Winston_Churchill&oldid=16484971">https://ro.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Winston_Churchill&oldid=16484971</a></div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Special:Categorii" title="Special:Categorii">Categorii</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Na%C8%99teri_%C3%AEn_1874" title="Categorie:Nașteri în 1874">Nașteri în 1874</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Na%C8%99teri_pe_30_noiembrie" title="Categorie:Nașteri pe 30 noiembrie">Nașteri pe 30 noiembrie</a></li><li><a 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title="Categorie:Membri ai Parlamentului Regatului Unit între 1959-1964">Membri ai Parlamentului Regatului Unit între 1959-1964</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Oameni_ai_celui_de-al_Doilea_R%C4%83zboi_Mondial" title="Categorie:Oameni ai celui de-al Doilea Război Mondial">Oameni ai celui de-al Doilea Război Mondial</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Oamenii_anului_ai_revistei_Time" title="Categorie:Oamenii anului ai revistei Time">Oamenii anului ai revistei Time</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Personalit%C4%83%C8%9Bi_ale_R%C4%83zboiului_Rece" title="Categorie:Personalități ale Războiului Rece">Personalități ale Războiului Rece</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Politicieni_britanici_din_secolul_al_XIX-lea" title="Categorie:Politicieni britanici din secolul al XIX-lea">Politicieni britanici din secolul al XIX-lea</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Politicieni_britanici_din_secolul_al_XX-lea" title="Categorie:Politicieni britanici din secolul al XX-lea">Politicieni 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