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class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="te" dir="ltr"><p><b>తారు </b> లేదా <b>డాంబరు </b> అనునది ఒక కర్బన సమ్మేళన రసాయన పదార్థము<sup id="cite_ref-What_is_Asphalt_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-What_is_Asphalt-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. దీనిని ఎక్కువగా రహదారుల నిర్మాణానికి ఉపయోగిస్తారు. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%A6%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%82:Bitumen.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Bitumen.jpg/220px-Bitumen.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="114" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Bitumen.jpg/330px-Bitumen.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Bitumen.jpg/440px-Bitumen.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2570" data-file-height="1326" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%83%E0%B0%A4_%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%A6%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%82" title="మృత సముద్రం">మృత సముద్రంలో</a> లభ్యమైన సహజమైన తారు రాళ్ళు</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%A6%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%82:Refined_bitumen.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Refined_bitumen.JPG/220px-Refined_bitumen.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Refined_bitumen.JPG/330px-Refined_bitumen.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Refined_bitumen.JPG/440px-Refined_bitumen.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>శుద్ధి చేసిన తారు రాళ్ళు</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%A6%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%82:University_of_Queensland_Pitch_drop_experiment-white_bg.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/University_of_Queensland_Pitch_drop_experiment-white_bg.jpg/100px-University_of_Queensland_Pitch_drop_experiment-white_bg.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/University_of_Queensland_Pitch_drop_experiment-white_bg.jpg/150px-University_of_Queensland_Pitch_drop_experiment-white_bg.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/University_of_Queensland_Pitch_drop_experiment-white_bg.jpg/200px-University_of_Queensland_Pitch_drop_experiment-white_bg.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1012" data-file-height="1524" /></a><figcaption>The University of Queensland <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pitch_drop_experiment&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pitch drop experiment (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">pitch drop experiment</a>, demonstrating the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Viscosity&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Viscosity (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">viscosity</a> of asphalt/bitumen</figcaption></figure> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none" /><div class="toctitle" lang="te" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">విషయాలు</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#చరిత్ర"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">చరిత్ర</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><a href="#ప్రాచీన_కాలము"><span class="tocnumber">1.1</span> <span class="toctext">ప్రాచీన కాలము</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#మూలాలు"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">మూలాలు</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#బయటి_లంకెలు"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">బయటి లంకెలు</span></a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="చరిత్ర"><span id=".E0.B0.9A.E0.B0.B0.E0.B0.BF.E0.B0.A4.E0.B1.8D.E0.B0.B0"></span>చరిత్ర</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%81&action=edit&section=1" title="విభాగాన్ని మార్చు: చరిత్ర"><span>మార్చు</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ప్రాచీన_కాలము"><span id=".E0.B0.AA.E0.B1.8D.E0.B0.B0.E0.B0.BE.E0.B0.9A.E0.B1.80.E0.B0.A8_.E0.B0.95.E0.B0.BE.E0.B0.B2.E0.B0.AE.E0.B1.81"></span>ప్రాచీన కాలము</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%81&action=edit&section=2" title="విభాగాన్ని మార్చు: ప్రాచీన కాలము"><span>మార్చు</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>క్రీస్తు పూర్వము 2370వ సంవత్సరంలో తారును వాటర్ ప్రూఫ్ కోటింగుగా నోవా వాడినట్లు బైబిలు కీర్తన 6:14 లో చెప్పబడింది. క్రీస్తు పూర్వము 5వ శతాబ్దములో కూడా తారు వాడకం ఉండేదని చెప్పడానికి ఆధారాలు లభించాయి. <a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%A7%E0%B1%81_%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%97%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="సింధు నాగరికత">సింధు నాగరికతలో</a> కూడా తారుతో చేసిన బుట్టలు వాడారని చెప్పబడినది<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. పశ్చిమ దేశాలలో సుమేరియన్ <a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%97%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%A4" title="నాగరికత">నాగరికత</a> కాలంలో నిర్మాణాలలో <a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%81" title="సిమెంటు">సిమెంటుకు</a> బదులుగా తారు వాడారనటానికి ఆధారాలు లభించాయి<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. తారు వాడకము గురించి బైబిలులో కూడా ప్రస్తావించబడింది.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%88%E0%B0%9C%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%81" title="ఈజిప్టు">ఈజిప్టులో</a> ప్రాచీన నాగరికులు మమ్మీల తయారీలో తారును ఉపయోగించేవారు<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="మూలాలు"><span id=".E0.B0.AE.E0.B1.82.E0.B0.B2.E0.B0.BE.E0.B0.B2.E0.B1.81"></span>మూలాలు</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%81&action=edit&section=3" title="విభాగాన్ని మార్చు: మూలాలు"><span>మార్చు</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r4300226">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-What_is_Asphalt-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-What_is_Asphalt_1-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r4342780">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a{background-size:contain}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a{background-size:contain}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a{background-size:contain}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#2C882D;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911F}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{color:#f8a397}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{color:#f8a397}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911F}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304230920/http://www.eapa.org/asphalt.php?c=78">"ఆర్కైవ్ నకలు"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eapa.org/asphalt.php?c=78">the original</a> on 2016-03-04<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-12-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E0%B0%86%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%88%E0%B0%B5%E0%B1%8D+%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eapa.org%2Fasphalt.php%3Fc%3D78&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%81" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">McIntosh, Jane. The Ancient Indus Valley. p. 57</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Herodotus, Book I, 179</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite id="CITEREFAbraham,_Herbert1920" class="citation book cs1">Abraham, Herbert (1920). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.archive.org/stream/asphaltsandallie031010mbp/asphaltsandallie031010mbp_djvu.txt"><i>Asphalts And Allied Substances</i></a>. D. Van Nostrand.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Asphalts+And+Allied+Substances&rft.pub=D.+Van+Nostrand&rft.date=1920&rft.au=Abraham%2C+Herbert&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.archive.org%2Fstream%2Fasphaltsandallie031010mbp%2Fasphaltsandallie031010mbp_djvu.txt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%81" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite id="CITEREFPringle,_Heather_Anne2001" class="citation book cs1">Pringle, Heather Anne (2001). <i>The Mummy Congress: Science, Obsession, and the Everlasting Dead</i>. New York, NY: Barnes & Noble Books. pp. 196–197. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95:%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81/0-7607-7151-0" title="ప్రత్యేక:పుస్తకమూలాలు/0-7607-7151-0"><bdi>0-7607-7151-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Mummy+Congress%3A+Science%2C+Obsession%2C+and+the+Everlasting+Dead&rft.place=New+York%2C+NY&rft.pages=196-197&rft.pub=Barnes+%26+Noble+Books&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=0-7607-7151-0&rft.au=Pringle%2C+Heather+Anne&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%81" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%A6%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%82:Puy_de_Poix,_gisement_bitumeux.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Puy_de_Poix%2C_gisement_bitumeux.JPG/170px-Puy_de_Poix%2C_gisement_bitumeux.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Puy_de_Poix%2C_gisement_bitumeux.JPG/255px-Puy_de_Poix%2C_gisement_bitumeux.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Puy_de_Poix%2C_gisement_bitumeux.JPG/340px-Puy_de_Poix%2C_gisement_bitumeux.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1704" data-file-height="2272" /></a><figcaption>Bituminous outcrop of the Puy de la Poix, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Clermont-Ferrand&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Clermont-Ferrand (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">Clermont-Ferrand</a>, France</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="బయటి_లంకెలు"><span id=".E0.B0.AC.E0.B0.AF.E0.B0.9F.E0.B0.BF_.E0.B0.B2.E0.B0.82.E0.B0.95.E0.B1.86.E0.B0.B2.E0.B1.81"></span>బయటి లంకెలు</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%81&action=edit&section=4" title="విభాగాన్ని మార్చు: బయటి లంకెలు"><span>మార్చు</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r4246472">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9;display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r3779865">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">వికీమీడియా కామన్స్‌లో <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Bitumen" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Bitumen">Bitumen</a></span>కి సంబంధించి దస్త్రాలు ఉన్నాయి.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4246472"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3779865"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">వికీమీడియా కామన్స్‌లో <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Asphalt" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Asphalt">Asphalt</a></span>కి సంబంధించి దస్త్రాలు ఉన్నాయి.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4246472"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3779865"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/asphalt" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:asphalt">asphalt</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4246472"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3779865"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/en:Wikisource" class="extiw" title="m:en:Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has the text of the <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/en:Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" class="extiw" title="m:en:Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">1911 <i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i></a> article <i><b><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%81" class="extiw" title="wikisource:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/తారు">తారు</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.inchem.org/documents/icsc/icsc/eics0612.htm">International Chemical Safety Card 0612</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pavementinteractive.org/index.php?title=Asphalt">Pavement Interactive – Asphalt</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.asphaltmagazine.com/">Asphalt Magazine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ecs.csus.edu/~gordonvs/asphalt/asphalt.html">CSU Sacramento, The World Famous Asphalt Museum!</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070529224506/http://ecs.csus.edu/~gordonvs/asphalt/asphalt.html">Archived</a> 2007-05-29 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/asphalt/">National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health – Asphalt Fumes</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:The New International Encyclopædia/Bitumen"><a class="external text" href="https://te.wikisource.org/wiki/The_New_International_Encyclop%C3%A6dia/Bitumen">"Bitumen" </a></span>. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_International_Encyclopedia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="New International Encyclopedia (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">New International Encyclopedia</a></i>. 1905.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Bitumen&rft.btitle=New+International+Encyclopedia&rft.date=1905&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%81" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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title="ఈ పేజీకి ముద్రించుకోదగ్గ కూర్పు [p]" accesskey="p"><span>అచ్చుతీయదగ్గ కూర్పు</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </nav> <nav id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects vector-menu-portal portal vector-menu" aria-labelledby="p-wikibase-otherprojects-label" > <h3 id="p-wikibase-otherprojects-label" class="vector-menu-heading " > <span class="vector-menu-heading-label">ఇతర ప్రాజెక్టులలో</span> </h3> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Asphalt_(natural)" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q202251" title="ఈ పేజీకి జత చేసి ఉన్న వికీడేటా పేజీకి లంకె [g]" accesskey="g"><span>వికీడేటా అంశం</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </nav> <nav id="p-lang" class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang vector-menu-portal portal vector-menu" aria-labelledby="p-lang-label" > <h3 id="p-lang-label" class="vector-menu-heading " > <span class="vector-menu-heading-label">ఇతర భాషలు</span> </h3> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_asphalt" title="Rock asphalt – ఇంగ్లీష్" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Rock asphalt" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="ఇంగ్లీష్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%90%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F" title="ऐस्फाल्ट – హిందీ" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="ऐस्फाल्ट" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="హిందీ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%86%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AB%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%8D%E2%80%8C" title="ಆಸ್ಫಾಲ್ಟ್‌ – కన్నడ" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಆಸ್ಫಾಲ್ಟ್‌" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="కన్నడ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%86%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D" title="ஆஸ்பால்ட் – తమిళము" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஆஸ்பால்ட்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="తమిళము" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AB%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BE%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D" title="അസ്ഫാൾട്ട് – మలయాళం" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="അസ്ഫാൾട്ട്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="మలయాళం" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eor%C3%BEtyrewa" title="Eorþtyrewa – ప్రాచీన ఆంగ్లం" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Eorþtyrewa" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="ప్రాచీన ఆంగ్లం" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D8%B3%D9%81%D9%84%D8%AA" title="أسفلت – అరబిక్" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أسفلت" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="అరబిక్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Q%C4%B1r" title="Qır – అజర్బైజాని" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Qır" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="అజర్బైజాని" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aspal" title="Aspal – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Aspal" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%82" title="Асфалт – బల్గేరియన్" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Асфалт" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="బల్గేరియన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AB%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F" title="আস্ফাল্ট – బంగ్లా" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="আস্ফাল্ট" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="బంగ్లా" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asfalt" title="Asfalt – బోస్నియన్" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Asfalt" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="బోస్నియన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asfalt" title="Asfalt – కాటలాన్" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Asfalt" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="కాటలాన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%DB%8C%DA%95" title="قیڕ – సెంట్రల్ కర్డిష్" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="قیڕ" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="సెంట్రల్ కర్డిష్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asfalt" title="Asfalt – చెక్" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Asfalt" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="చెక్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82" title="Асфальт – చువాష్" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Асфальт" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="చువాష్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asphalt_(Geologie)" title="Asphalt (Geologie) – జర్మన్" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Asphalt (Geologie)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="జర్మన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%86%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%BB%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%82" title="Άσφαλτος – గ్రీక్" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Άσφαλτος" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="గ్రీక్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asfalto" title="Asfalto – స్పానిష్" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Asfalto" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="స్పానిష్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asfalt" title="Asfalt – ఎస్టోనియన్" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Asfalt" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="ఎస్టోనియన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asfalto" title="Asfalto – బాస్క్యూ" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Asfalto" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="బాస్క్యూ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%B3%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA" title="آسفالت – పర్షియన్" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آسفالت" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="పర్షియన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asphalte" title="Asphalte – ఫ్రెంచ్" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Asphalte" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="ఫ్రెంచ్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asfalt" title="Asfalt – ఐరిష్" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Asfalt" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="ఐరిష్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asfalto" title="Asfalto – గాలిషియన్" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Asfalto" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="గాలిషియన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A1%D7%A4%D7%9C%D7%98" title="אספלט – హిబ్రూ" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אספלט" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="హిబ్రూ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asfalt" title="Asfalt – క్రొయేషియన్" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Asfalt" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="క్రొయేషియన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aszfalt" title="Aszfalt – హంగేరియన్" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Aszfalt" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="హంగేరియన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%BD%D6%86%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%BF" title="Ասֆալտ – ఆర్మేనియన్" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ասֆալտ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="ఆర్మేనియన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aspal" title="Aspal – ఇండోనేషియన్" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Aspal" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="ఇండోనేషియన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asfalto" title="Asfalto – ఈడో" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Asfalto" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ఈడో" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asfalto" title="Asfalto – ఇటాలియన్" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Asfalto" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="ఇటాలియన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%82%B9%E3%83%95%E3%82%A1%E3%83%AB%E3%83%88" title="アスファルト – జపనీస్" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アスファルト" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="జపనీస్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aspal" title="Aspal – జావనీస్" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Aspal" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="జావనీస్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A4%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98" title="ასფალტი – జార్జియన్" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ასფალტი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="జార్జియన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82" title="Асфальт – కజఖ్" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Асфальт" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="కజఖ్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%84%EC%8A%A4%ED%8C%94%ED%8A%B8" title="아스팔트 – కొరియన్" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="아스팔트" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="కొరియన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asfalt" title="Asfalt – కుర్దిష్" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Asfalt" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="కుర్దిష్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82" title="Асфальт – కిర్గిజ్" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Асфальт" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="కిర్గిజ్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asfaltas" title="Asfaltas – లిథువేనియన్" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Asfaltas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="లిథువేనియన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asfalta" title="Asfalta – మలగాసి" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Asfalta" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="మలగాసి" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aspal" title="Aspal – మినాంగ్‌కాబో" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Aspal" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="మినాంగ్‌కాబో" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%82" title="Асфалт – మాసిడోనియన్" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Асфалт" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="మాసిడోనియన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asfardo" title="Asfardo – నియాపోలిటన్" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Asfardo" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="నియాపోలిటన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asfalt_(delfstof)" title="Asfalt (delfstof) – డచ్" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Asfalt (delfstof)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="డచ్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asfalt" title="Asfalt – నార్వేజియన్ బొక్మాల్" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Asfalt" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="నార్వేజియన్ బొక్మాల్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asfalt" title="Asfalt – పోలిష్" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Asfalt" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="పోలిష్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA" title="اسفالت – పాష్టో" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="اسفالت" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="పాష్టో" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asfalto" title="Asfalto – పోర్చుగీస్" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Asfalto" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="పోర్చుగీస్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asfalt_natural" title="Asfalt natural – రోమేనియన్" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Asfalt natural" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="రోమేనియన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82" title="Асфальт – రష్యన్" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Асфальт" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="రష్యన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asfalt" title="Asfalt – సేర్బో-క్రొయేషియన్" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Asfalt" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="సేర్బో-క్రొయేషియన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asphalt" title="Asphalt – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Asphalt" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asfalt" title="Asfalt – స్లోవక్" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Asfalt" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="స్లోవక్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asfalti" title="Asfalti – అల్బేనియన్" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Asfalti" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="అల్బేనియన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asfalt" title="Asfalt – సెర్బియన్" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Asfalt" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="సెర్బియన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aspal" title="Aspal – సండానీస్" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Aspal" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="సండానీస్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%82" title="Асфалт – తజిక్" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Асфалт" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="తజిక్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asfalt" title="Asfalt – టర్కిష్" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Asfalt" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="టర్కిష్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82" title="Асфальт – టాటర్" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Асфальт" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="టాటర్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82" title="Асфальт – టువినియన్" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Асфальт" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="టువినియన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82" title="Асфальт – ఉక్రెయినియన్" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Асфальт" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ఉక్రెయినియన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%B9" title="اسفالٹ – ఉర్దూ" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="اسفالٹ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="ఉర్దూ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asfalt" title="Asfalt – ఉజ్బెక్" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Asfalt" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="ఉజ్బెక్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nh%E1%BB%B1a_%C4%91%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Dng" title="Nhựa đường – వియత్నామీస్" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Nhựa đường" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="వియత్నామీస్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9F%8F%E6%B2%B9" title="柏油 – వు చైనీస్" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="柏油" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="వు చైనీస్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A4%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98" title="ასფალტი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ასფალტი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9F%8F%E6%B2%B9" title="柏油 – చైనీస్" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="柏油" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="చైనీస్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9F%8F%E6%B2%B9" title="柏油 – కాంటనీస్" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="柏油" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="కాంటనీస్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q202251#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="భాషాలింకులను మార్చు" class="wbc-editpage">లంకెలను మార్చు</a></span></div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> ఈ పేజీలో చివరి మార్పు 29 జనవరి 2024న 10:44కు జరిగింది.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">పాఠ్యం <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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