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</div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_male_anatomy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Internal_male_anatomy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Internal_male_anatomy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1.2.2 Internal male anatomy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Internal_male_anatomy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Female_anatomy_and_reproductive_system" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Female_anatomy_and_reproductive_system"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1.3 Female anatomy and reproductive system </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Female_anatomy_and_reproductive_system-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-External_female_anatomy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_female_anatomy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1.3.1 External female anatomy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_female_anatomy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Internal_female_anatomy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Internal_female_anatomy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1.3.2 Internal female anatomy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Internal_female_anatomy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sexual_response_cycle" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sexual_response_cycle"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Sexual response cycle </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sexual_response_cycle-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sexual_dysfunction_and_sexual_problems" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sexual_dysfunction_and_sexual_problems"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 Sexual dysfunction and sexual problems </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sexual_dysfunction_and_sexual_problems-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Psychological_aspects" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Psychological_aspects"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Psychological aspects </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Psychological_aspects-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sexuality_and_age" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sexuality_and_age"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Sexuality and age </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Sexuality_and_age-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Sexuality and age subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Sexuality_and_age-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Child_sexuality" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Child_sexuality"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Child sexuality </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Child_sexuality-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sexuality_in_late_adulthood" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sexuality_in_late_adulthood"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Sexuality in late adulthood </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sexuality_in_late_adulthood-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sociocultural_aspects" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sociocultural_aspects"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Sociocultural aspects </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Sociocultural_aspects-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Sociocultural aspects subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Sociocultural_aspects-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sex_education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sex_education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Sex education </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sex_education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sexuality_in_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sexuality_in_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Sexuality in history </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sexuality_in_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sexuality,_colonialism,_and_race" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sexuality,_colonialism,_and_race"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3 Sexuality, colonialism, and race </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sexuality,_colonialism,_and_race-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reproductive_and_sexual_rights" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reproductive_and_sexual_rights"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.4 Reproductive and sexual rights </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reproductive_and_sexual_rights-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Stigma_of_contraceptives_in_the_U.S." class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Stigma_of_contraceptives_in_the_U.S."> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.5 Stigma of contraceptives in the U.S. </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Stigma_of_contraceptives_in_the_U.S.-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Stigma_and_activism_during_the_AIDS_epidemic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Stigma_and_activism_during_the_AIDS_epidemic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.6 Stigma and activism during the AIDS epidemic </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Stigma_and_activism_during_the_AIDS_epidemic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sexual_behavior" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sexual_behavior"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Sexual behavior </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Sexual_behavior-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Sexual behavior subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Sexual_behavior-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-General_activities_and_health" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#General_activities_and_health"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 General activities and health </div> </a> <ul id="toc-General_activities_and_health-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Creating_a_relationship" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Creating_a_relationship"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 Creating a relationship </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Creating_a_relationship-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sexual_attraction" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sexual_attraction"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.3 Sexual attraction </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sexual_attraction-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legal_issues" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legal_issues"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.4 Legal issues </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legal_issues-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sexual_privacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sexual_privacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.4.1 Sexual privacy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sexual_privacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religious_sexual_morality" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religious_sexual_morality"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Religious sexual morality </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Religious_sexual_morality-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Religious sexual morality subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Religious_sexual_morality-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Judaism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Judaism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1 Judaism </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Judaism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Christianity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Christianity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2 Christianity </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Christianity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Early_Christianity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_Christianity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2.1 Early Christianity </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_Christianity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Roman_Catholic_Church" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Roman_Catholic_Church"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2.2 Roman Catholic Church </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Roman_Catholic_Church-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Anglicanism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Anglicanism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2.3 Anglicanism </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Anglicanism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Evangelicalism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Evangelicalism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2.4 Evangelicalism </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Evangelicalism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Islam" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Islam"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.3 Islam </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Islam-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hinduism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hinduism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.4 Hinduism </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hinduism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sikhism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sikhism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.5 Sikhism </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sikhism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 Further reading </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Human sexuality</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 83 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-83" aria-hidden="true" > 83 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seksualiteit" title="Seksualiteit – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Seksualiteit" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="جنسانية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جنسانية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A8xualit%C3%A2t_hum%C3%A8na" title="Sèxualitât humèna – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Sèxualitât humèna" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Arpetan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%B1_%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%8C%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE" title="মানৱ যৌনতা – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="মানৱ যৌনতা" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">অসমীয়া</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sexualid%C3%A1_humana" title="Sexualidá humana – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Sexualidá humana" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0nsan_seksuall%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1" title="İnsan seksuallığı – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="İnsan seksuallığı" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%AC_%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%8C%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE" title="মানব যৌনতা – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="মানব যৌনতা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%AEn-l%C5%ABi_%C3%AA_s%C3%A8ng" title="Jîn-lūi ê sèng – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Jîn-lūi ê sèng" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%86%D1%8C_%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Сексуальнасць чалавека – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Сексуальнасць чалавека" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%8D%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8C%D1%86%D1%8C_%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Сэксуальнасьць чалавека – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Сэксуальнасьць чалавека" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B5_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE" title="मानव कामुकता – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="मानव कामुकता" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">भोजपुरी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sekswalidad_nin_tawo" title="Sekswalidad nin tawo – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Sekswalidad nin tawo" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bikol Central</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82" title="Сексуалност – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Сексуалност" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seksualnost" title="Seksualnost – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Seksualnost" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revelezh_denel" title="Revelezh denel – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Revelezh denel" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sexualitat_humana" title="Sexualitat humana – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Sexualitat humana" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lidsk%C3%A1_sexualita" title="Lidská sexualita – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Lidská sexualita" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhywioldeb_dynol" title="Rhywioldeb dynol – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Rhywioldeb dynol" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seksualitet" title="Seksualitet – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Seksualitet" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sexualit%C3%A4t_des_Menschen" title="Sexualität des Menschen – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Sexualität des Menschen" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seksuaalsuhe" title="Seksuaalsuhe – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Seksuaalsuhe" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CE%BD%CE%B8%CF%81%CF%8E%CF%80%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%B7_%CF%83%CE%B5%CE%BE%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%84%CE%B1" title="Ανθρώπινη σεξουαλικότητα – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ανθρώπινη σεξουαλικότητα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sexualidad_humana" title="Sexualidad humana – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Sexualidad humana" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homa_sekseco" title="Homa sekseco – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Homa sekseco" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giza_sexualitate" title="Giza sexualitate – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Giza sexualitate" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%84_%D8%AC%D9%86%D8%B3%DB%8C_%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86" title="میل جنسی در انسان – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="میل جنسی در انسان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sexualit%C3%A9_humaine" title="Sexualité humaine – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Sexualité humaine" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sessualit%C3%A2t_umane" title="Sessualitât umane – Friulian" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Sessualitât umane" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friulian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Furlan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sexualidade_humana" title="Sexualidade humana – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Sexualidade humana" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9D%B8%EA%B0%84%EC%9D%98_%EC%84%B1" title="인간의 성 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="인간의 성" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A4%D5%B8%D6%82_%D5%BD%D5%A5%D5%BC%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Մարդու սեռականություն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մարդու սեռականություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B5_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE" title="मानव कामुकता – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="मानव कामुकता" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ljudska_spolnost" title="Ljudska spolnost – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Ljudska spolnost" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seksualitas_manusia" title="Seksualitas manusia – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Seksualitas manusia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sexualit%C3%A1_homani" title="Sexualitá homani – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Sexualitá homani" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingue</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%95%D7%AA" title="מיניות – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מיניות" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%93%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%94%E1%83%A5%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A3%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%91%E1%83%90" title="ადამიანის სექსუალობა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ადამიანის სექსუალობა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BD%D1%8B%D2%A3_%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%93%D1%8B" title="Адамның сексуалдылығы – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Адамның сексуалдылығы" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zayend%C3%AEtiya_mirovan" title="Zayendîtiya mirovan – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Zayendîtiya mirovan" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sexualitas_humana" title="Sexualitas humana – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Sexualitas humana" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seksualit%C4%81te" title="Seksualitāte – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Seksualitāte" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seksualumas" title="Seksualumas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Seksualumas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miensjelike_seksualiteit" title="Miensjelike seksualiteit – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Miensjelike seksualiteit" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Limburgs</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE" title="लैंगिकता – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="लैंगिकता" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%93%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%A8_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%94%E1%83%A5%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A3%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%91%E1%83%90" title="ადამიერიშ სექსუალობა – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ადამიერიშ სექსუალობა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keseksualan_manusia" title="Keseksualan manusia – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Keseksualan manusia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcm mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_sexuality" title="Human sexuality – Nigerian Pidgin" lang="pcm" hreflang="pcm" data-title="Human sexuality" data-language-autonym="Naijá" data-language-local-name="Nigerian Pidgin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Naijá</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seksualiteit" title="Seksualiteit – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Seksualiteit" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seksualiteit" title="Seksualiteit – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Seksualiteit" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nedersaksies</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B5_%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE" title="मानव यौनिकता – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="मानव यौनिकता" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E9%96%93%E3%81%AE%E6%80%A7" title="人間の性 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="人間の性" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sexualitat_umana" title="Sexualitat umana – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Sexualitat umana" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insonning_jinsiy_hayoti" title="Insonning jinsiy hayoti – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Insonning jinsiy hayoti" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%AC%D9%86%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%AA" title="انسانی جنسیت – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="انسانی جنسیت" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sexualidad" title="Sexualidad – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Sexualidad" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target">Papiamentu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%AC%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%8A_%D8%BA%D9%88%DA%9A%D8%AA%D9%86%DB%90" title="د انسان جنسي غوښتنې – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="د انسان جنسي غوښتنې" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seksualno%C5%9B%C4%87" title="Seksualność – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Seksualność" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sexualidade_humana" title="Sexualidade humana – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Sexualidade humana" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sexualitate_uman%C4%83" title="Sexualitate umană – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Sexualitate umană" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C_%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Сексуальность человека – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Сексуальность человека" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sessualidade_de_s%27%C3%B2mine" title="Sessualidade de s'òmine – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Sessualidade de s'òmine" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sardu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_sexuality" title="Human sexuality – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Human sexuality" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seksualiteti_njerezor" title="Seksualiteti njerezor – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Seksualiteti njerezor" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%80_%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%82%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%80%E0%B6%BA" title="මානව ලිංගිකත්වය – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="මානව ලිංගිකත්වය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target">සිංහල</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_sexuality" title="Human sexuality – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Human sexuality" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%BDudsk%C3%A1_sexualita" title="Ľudská sexualita – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Ľudská sexualita" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%89%D1%83%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82" title="Људска сексуалност – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Људска сексуалност" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ljudska_seksualnost" title="Ljudska seksualnost – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Ljudska seksualnost" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ihmisen_seksuaalisuus" title="Ihmisen seksuaalisuus – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ihmisen seksuaalisuus" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A4nsklig_sexualitet" title="Mänsklig sexualitet – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Mänsklig sexualitet" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seksuwalidad_ng_tao" title="Seksuwalidad ng tao – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Seksuwalidad ng tao" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A3%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="மாந்த பாலுணர்வியல் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மாந்த பாலுணர்வியல்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a 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The present address (URL) is a <a href="/wiki/Help:Permanent_link" title="Help:Permanent link">permanent link</a> to this version.<div id="revision-info-current-plain" style="display: none;">Revision as of 22:43, 27 November 2024 by <a href="/wiki/User:Crossroads" class="mw-userlink" title="User:Crossroads" data-mw-revid="1259940589"><bdi>Crossroads</bdi></a> (<a href="/wiki/User_talk:Crossroads" class="mw-usertoollinks-talk" title="User talk:Crossroads">talk</a> | <a href="/wiki/Special:Contributions/Crossroads" class="mw-usertoollinks-contribs" title="Special:Contributions/Crossroads">contribs</a>) (further fixes; also this sentence should not be split to keep the point clear)</div></div><div id="mw-revision-nav">(<a href="/w/index.php?title=Human_sexuality&diff=prev&oldid=1259940589" title="Human sexuality">diff</a>) <a href="/w/index.php?title=Human_sexuality&direction=prev&oldid=1259940589" title="Human sexuality">← Previous revision</a> | Latest revision (diff) | Newer revision → (diff)</div></div></div></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Form in which people experience and express themselves sexually</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about human sexual anatomy, sexuality and perceptions. For information specifically about sexual activities, see <a href="/wiki/Human_sexual_activity" title="Human sexual activity">Human sexual activity</a>. For the book, see <a href="/wiki/Human_Sexuality_(book)" title="Human Sexuality (book)">Human Sexuality (book)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Sexuality" redirects here. For sexual behavior among other animals, see <a href="/wiki/Animal_sexual_behaviour" title="Animal sexual behaviour">Animal sexual behaviour</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Sexuality_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Sexuality (disambiguation)">Sexuality (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title" style="background:#ccccff; display:block;margin-bottom:0.4em;"><a href="/wiki/File:People_together.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/People_together.svg/50px-People_together.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/People_together.svg/75px-People_together.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/People_together.svg/100px-People_together.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="182" data-file-height="119" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Interpersonal_relationship" title="Interpersonal relationship">Relationships</a> (<a href="/wiki/Outline_of_relationships" title="Outline of relationships">Outline</a>)</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#d5d5ff;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Types</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#e6e6ff;font-style:italic;font-weight:normal;;display:block;margin-top:0.25em;"> <a href="/wiki/Genetic_genealogy" title="Genetic genealogy">Genetic</a> or <a href="/wiki/Adoption" title="Adoption">adoptive</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0.2em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kinship" title="Kinship">Kinship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family" title="Family">Family</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stepfamily" title="Stepfamily">Stepfamily</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parent" title="Parent">Parent</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Father" title="Father">Father</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mother" title="Mother">Mother</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Son" title="Son">Son</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daughter" title="Daughter">Daughter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grandparent" title="Grandparent">Grandparent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sibling" title="Sibling">Sibling</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brother" title="Brother">Brother</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sister" title="Sister">Sister</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cousin" title="Cousin">Cousin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aunt" title="Aunt">Aunt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uncle" title="Uncle">Uncle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niece_and_nephew" title="Niece and nephew">Niece and nephew</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#e6e6ff;font-style:italic;font-weight:normal;"> By <a href="/wiki/Marriage" title="Marriage">marriage</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0.2em;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spouse" title="Spouse">Spouse</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Husband" title="Husband">Husband</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wife" title="Wife">Wife</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_marriage" title="Open marriage">Open marriage</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Polygamy" title="Polygamy">Polygamy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Polyandry" title="Polyandry">Polyandry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polygyny" title="Polygyny">Polygyny</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div> <ul><li><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Group_marriage" title="Group marriage">Group marriage</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mixed-orientation_marriage" title="Mixed-orientation marriage">Mixed-orientation</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#e6e6ff;font-style:italic;font-weight:normal;"> Partner(s)</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0.2em;"> <table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none;margin-bottom:0;"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Significant_other" title="Significant other">Significant other</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boyfriend" title="Boyfriend">Boyfriend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Girlfriend" title="Girlfriend">Girlfriend</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cohabitation" title="Cohabitation">Cohabitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long-distance_relationship" title="Long-distance relationship">Long-distance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_relationship" title="Internet relationship">Online</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_relationship" title="Same-sex relationship">Same-sex</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Queerplatonic_relationship" title="Queerplatonic relationship">Queerplatonic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friendship" title="Friendship">Friendship</a> (<a href="/wiki/Romantic_friendship" title="Romantic friendship">romantic</a> / <a href="/wiki/Cross-sex_friendship" title="Cross-sex friendship">cross-sex</a> / <a href="/wiki/Friend_zone" title="Friend zone">zone</a>)</li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:none;font-style:italic;font-weight:normal;;display:block;margin-left:1.0em;margin-right:1.0em;border-bottom:1px solid #bbb;"> <a href="/wiki/Intimate_relationship" title="Intimate relationship">Intimate</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sexual_partner" title="Sexual partner">sexual</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding-top:0.15em; padding-bottom:0;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Casual_sex" title="Casual sex">Casual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monogamy" title="Monogamy">Monogamy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-monogamy" title="Non-monogamy">Non-monogamy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mutual_monogamy" title="Mutual monogamy">Mutual monogamy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polyamory" title="Polyamory">Polyamory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polyfidelity" title="Polyfidelity">Polyfidelity</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Affair" title="Affair">Affair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cicisbeo" title="Cicisbeo">Cicisbeo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concubinage" title="Concubinage">Concubinage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Courtesan" title="Courtesan">Courtesan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mistress_(lover)" title="Mistress (lover)">Mistress</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr></tbody></table></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#d5d5ff;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Activities</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Human_bonding" title="Human bonding">Bonding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Courtship" title="Courtship">Courtship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dating" title="Dating">Dating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Engagement" title="Engagement">Engagement</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bachelor%27s_Day_(tradition)" title="Bachelor's Day (tradition)">Bachelor's Day</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_mating_strategies" title="Human mating strategies">Mating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meet_market" title="Meet market">Meet market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romance_(love)" title="Romance (love)">Romance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singles_event" title="Singles event">Singles event</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wedding" title="Wedding">Wedding</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#d5d5ff;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Endings</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Breakup" title="Breakup">Breakup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_separation" title="Legal separation">Legal</a>/<a href="/wiki/Marital_separation" title="Marital separation">marital separation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annulment" title="Annulment">Annulment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divorce" title="Divorce">Divorce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Widow" title="Widow">Widowhood</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#d5d5ff;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Emotion" title="Emotion">Emotions and feelings</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Affinity_(sociology)" title="Affinity (sociology)">Affinity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attachment_in_adults" title="Attachment in adults">Attachment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intimate_relationship" title="Intimate relationship">Intimacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jealousy" title="Jealousy">Jealousy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limerence" title="Limerence">Limerence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Love" title="Love">Love</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Platonic_love" title="Platonic love">Platonic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unconditional_love" title="Unconditional love">Unconditional</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passion_(emotion)" title="Passion (emotion)">Passion</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sexuality</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#d5d5ff;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Practices</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bride_price" title="Bride price">Bride price</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dower" title="Dower">dower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dowry" title="Dowry">dowry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bride_service" title="Bride service">service</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypergamy" title="Hypergamy">Hypergamy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infidelity" title="Infidelity">Infidelity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_sexual_activity" title="Human sexual activity">Sexual activity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relational_transgression" title="Relational transgression">Transgression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_repression" title="Sexual repression">Repression</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#d5d5ff;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Abuse" title="Abuse">Abuse</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Child_abuse" title="Child abuse">Child</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dating_violence" title="Dating violence">Dating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domestic_violence" title="Domestic violence">Domestic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elder_abuse" title="Elder abuse">Elderly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narcissistic_parent" title="Narcissistic parent">Narcissistic parent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Controlling_behavior_in_relationships" title="Controlling behavior in relationships">Controlling behavior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stalking" title="Stalking">Stalking</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Close_relationships" title="Template:Close relationships"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Close_relationships" title="Template talk:Close relationships"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Close_relationships" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Close relationships"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> Human sexuality is the way people experience and express themselves <a href="/wiki/Human_sexual_activity" title="Human sexual activity">sexually</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Cavendish-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-Ferrante-2">[2]</a> This involves <a href="/wiki/Biological" class="mw-redirect" title="Biological">biological</a>, <a href="/wiki/Psychological" class="mw-redirect" title="Psychological">psychological</a>, <a href="/wiki/Physical_intimacy" title="Physical intimacy">physical</a>, <a href="/wiki/Erotic" class="mw-redirect" title="Erotic">erotic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Emotional_intimacy" title="Emotional intimacy">emotional</a>, <a href="/wiki/Social" title="Social">social</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Spirituality" title="Spirituality">spiritual</a> feelings and behaviors.<a href="#cite_note-S._Greenberg-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-Bolin-4">[4]</a> Because it is a broad term, which has varied with historical contexts over time, it lacks a precise definition.<a href="#cite_note-Bolin-4">[4]</a> The biological and physical aspects of sexuality largely concern the <a href="/wiki/Human_reproduction" title="Human reproduction">human reproductive functions</a>, including the <a href="/wiki/Human_sexual_response_cycle" title="Human sexual response cycle">human sexual response cycle</a>.<a href="#cite_note-S._Greenberg-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-Bolin-4">[4]</a> Someone's <a href="/wiki/Sexual_orientation" title="Sexual orientation">sexual orientation</a> is their pattern of sexual interest in the opposite and/or same sex.<a href="#cite_note-AmPsycholAssn-whatis-5">[5]</a> Physical and emotional aspects of sexuality include bonds between individuals that are expressed through profound feelings or physical manifestations of <a href="/wiki/Romance_(love)" title="Romance (love)">love</a>, trust, and care. Social aspects deal with the effects of human society on one's sexuality, while spirituality concerns an individual's spiritual connection with others. Sexuality also affects and is affected by cultural, political, legal, philosophical, <a href="/wiki/Morality" title="Morality">moral</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ethical" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethical">ethical</a>, and religious aspects of life.<a href="#cite_note-S._Greenberg-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-Bolin-4">[4]</a> Interest in sexual activity normally increases when an individual reaches <a href="/wiki/Puberty" title="Puberty">puberty</a>.<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a> Although no single theory on the cause of sexual orientation has yet gained widespread support, there is considerably more evidence supporting nonsocial causes of sexual orientation than social ones, especially for males. Hypothesized social causes are supported by only weak evidence, distorted by numerous confounding factors.<a href="#cite_note-Bailey16-7">[7]</a> This is further supported by cross-cultural evidence because cultures that are tolerant of <a href="/wiki/Homosexuality" title="Homosexuality">homosexuality</a> do not have significantly higher rates of it.<a href="#cite_note-LeVay-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-Balthazart-9">[9]</a> Evolutionary perspectives on human coupling, reproduction and <a href="/wiki/Reproduction_strategies" class="mw-redirect" title="Reproduction strategies">reproduction strategies</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Social_learning_theory" title="Social learning theory">social learning theory</a> provide further views of sexuality.<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a> Sociocultural aspects of sexuality include <a href="/wiki/History_of_human_sexuality" title="History of human sexuality">historical developments</a> and <a href="/wiki/Religion_and_sexuality" title="Religion and sexuality">religious beliefs</a>. Some cultures have been described as <a href="/wiki/Sexually_repressive" class="mw-redirect" title="Sexually repressive">sexually repressive</a>. The study of sexuality also includes human identity within social groups, <a href="/wiki/Sexually_transmitted_infections" class="mw-redirect" title="Sexually transmitted infections">sexually transmitted infections</a> (STIs), and <a href="/wiki/Birth_control" title="Birth control">birth control</a> methods. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886046785">.mw-parser-output .toclimit-2 .toclevel-1 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-3 .toclevel-2 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-4 .toclevel-3 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-5 .toclevel-4 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-6 .toclevel-5 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-7 .toclevel-6 ul{display:none}</style><div class="toclimit-3"><meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Development">Development</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Human_sexuality&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Development">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sexual_orientation">Sexual orientation</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Human_sexuality&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Sexual orientation">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Sexual_orientation" title="Sexual orientation">Sexual orientation</a></div> There is considerably more evidence supporting innate causes of sexual orientation than learned ones, especially for males. This evidence includes the cross-cultural correlation of homosexuality and childhood <a href="/wiki/Gender_nonconformity" title="Gender nonconformity">gender nonconformity</a>, moderate genetic influences found in <a href="/wiki/Twin_studies" class="mw-redirect" title="Twin studies">twin studies</a>, evidence for prenatal hormonal effects on brain organization, the <a href="/wiki/Fraternal_birth_order_effect" class="mw-redirect" title="Fraternal birth order effect">fraternal birth order effect</a>, and the finding that in rare cases where infant males were raised as girls due to physical differences or deformity, they nevertheless turned out attracted to females. Hypothesized social causes are supported by only weak evidence, distorted by numerous confounding factors.<a href="#cite_note-Bailey16-7">[7]</a> Cross-cultural evidence also leans more toward non-social causes. Cultures that are very tolerant of homosexuality do not have significantly higher rates of it. Homosexual behavior is relatively common among boys in British single-sex boarding schools, but adult Britons who attended such schools are no more likely to engage in homosexual behavior than those who did not. In an extreme case, the <a href="/wiki/Sambia_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Sambia people">Sambia people</a> ritually require their boys to engage in homosexual behavior during adolescence before they have any access to females, yet most of these boys become heterosexual.<a href="#cite_note-LeVay-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-Balthazart-9">[9]</a> It is not fully understood why genes causing homosexuality persist in the gene pool. One hypothesis involves <a href="/wiki/Kin_selection" title="Kin selection">kin selection</a>, suggesting that homosexuals invest heavily enough in their relatives to offset the cost of not reproducing as much directly. This has not been supported by studies in Western cultures, but several studies in <a href="/wiki/Samoa" title="Samoa">Samoa</a> have found some support for this hypothesis. Another hypothesis involves <a href="/wiki/Sexual_conflict" title="Sexual conflict">sexually antagonistic</a> genes, which cause homosexuality when expressed in males but increase reproduction when expressed in females. Studies in both Western and non-Western cultures have found support for this hypothesis.<a href="#cite_note-Bailey16-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-BussCh5-11">[11]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gender_differences">Gender differences</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Human_sexuality&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Gender differences">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Sex_differences_in_psychology#Sexual_behavior" title="Sex differences in psychology">Sex differences in psychology § Sexual behavior</a></div> Psychological theories exist regarding the development and expression of gender differences in human sexuality. A number of them (including <a href="/wiki/Neo-analytic" class="mw-redirect" title="Neo-analytic">neo-analytic</a> theories, <a href="/wiki/Sociobiological" class="mw-redirect" title="Sociobiological">sociobiological</a> theories, social learning theory, <a href="/wiki/Social_role_theory" class="mw-redirect" title="Social role theory">social role theory</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Script_theory" title="Script theory">script theory</a>) agree in predicting that men should be more approving of casual sex (sex happening outside a stable, committed relationship such as <a href="/wiki/Marriage" title="Marriage">marriage</a>) and should also be more <a href="/wiki/Promiscuous" class="mw-redirect" title="Promiscuous">promiscuous</a> (have a higher number of sexual partners) than women. These theories are mostly consistent with observed differences in males' and females' attitudes toward casual sex before marriage in the United States. Other aspects of human sexuality, such as sexual satisfaction, incidence of <a href="/wiki/Oral_sex" title="Oral sex">oral sex</a>, and attitudes toward <a href="/wiki/Homosexuality" title="Homosexuality">homosexuality</a> and <a href="/wiki/Masturbation" title="Masturbation">masturbation</a>, show little to no observed difference between males and females. Observed gender differences regarding the number of sexual partners are modest, with males tending to have slightly more than females.<a href="#cite_note-Oliver_&_Hyde-12">[12]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biological_and_physiological_aspects">Biological and physiological aspects</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Human_sexuality&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Biological and physiological aspects">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Human_reproductive_system" title="Human reproductive system">Human reproductive system</a></div> Like other <a href="/wiki/Mammal" title="Mammal">mammals</a>, humans are primarily grouped into either the <a href="/wiki/Male" title="Male">male</a> or <a href="/wiki/Female" title="Female">female</a> sex.<a href="#cite_note-Leonard2010-13">[13]</a> The biological aspects of human sexuality deal with the reproductive system, the sexual response cycle, and the factors that affect these aspects. They also deal with the influence of biological factors on other aspects of sexuality, such as organic and neurological responses,<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a> heredity, hormonal issues, gender issues, and sexual dysfunction.<a href="#cite_note-Rathus,_Spencer_A._2007-15">[15]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">page needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Physical_anatomy_and_reproduction">Physical anatomy and reproduction</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Human_sexuality&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Physical anatomy and reproduction">edit</a>]</div> Males and females are anatomically similar; this extends to some degree to the <a href="/wiki/Development_of_the_reproductive_system" title="Development of the reproductive system">development of the reproductive system</a>. As adults, they have different reproductive mechanisms that enable them to perform sexual acts and to reproduce. Men and women react similarly to sexual stimuli with minor differences. Women have a monthly reproductive cycle, whereas the male sperm production cycle is more continuous.<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-16">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Brain">Brain</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Human_sexuality&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Brain">edit</a>]</div> The <a href="/wiki/Hypothalamus" title="Hypothalamus">hypothalamus</a> is the most important part of the brain for sexual functioning. This is a small area at the base of the brain consisting of several groups of nerve cell bodies that receive input from the <a href="/wiki/Limbic_system" title="Limbic system">limbic system</a>. Studies have shown that within lab animals, the destruction of certain areas of the hypothalamus causes the elimination of sexual behavior.<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-16">[16]</a> The hypothalamus is important because of its relationship to the <a href="/wiki/Pituitary_gland" title="Pituitary gland">pituitary gland</a>, which lies beneath it. The pituitary gland secretes hormones that are produced in the hypothalamus and itself. The four important sexual hormones are <a href="/wiki/Oxytocin" title="Oxytocin">oxytocin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prolactin" title="Prolactin">prolactin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Follicle-stimulating_hormone" title="Follicle-stimulating hormone">follicle-stimulating hormone</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Luteinizing_hormone" title="Luteinizing hormone">luteinizing hormone</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-16">[16]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">page needed</a>] Oxytocin, sometimes referred to as the "love hormone",<a href="#cite_note-Sigelman452-19">[19]</a> is released in both sexes during sexual intercourse when an <a href="/wiki/Orgasm" title="Orgasm">orgasm</a> is achieved.<a href="#cite_note-Hornstein-20">[20]</a> Oxytocin has been suggested as critical to the thoughts and behaviors required to maintain close relationships.<a href="#cite_note-Sigelman452-19">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-Hornstein-20">[20]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification needed</a>] The hormone is also released in women when they give birth or are breastfeeding.<a href="#cite_note-Smith-21">[21]</a> Prolactin and oxytocin are responsible for inducing milk production in women.<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a> Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) is responsible for ovulation in women, and acts by triggering egg maturity; in men, it stimulates sperm production.<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a> Luteinizing hormone (LH) triggers ovulation, which is the release of a mature egg.<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-16">[16]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">page needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Male_anatomy_and_reproductive_system">Male anatomy and reproductive system</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Human_sexuality&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Male anatomy and reproductive system">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Human_male_reproductive_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Human male reproductive system">Human male reproductive system</a></div> Males have both internal and external genitalia that are responsible for procreation and sexual intercourse. Production of spermatozoa (<a href="/wiki/Sperm" title="Sperm">sperm</a>) is also cyclic, but unlike the female ovulation cycle, the sperm production cycle is constantly producing millions of sperm daily.<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-16">[16]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">page needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="External_male_anatomy">External male anatomy</h5>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Human_sexuality&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: External male anatomy">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Penis_with_Labels.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Penis_with_Labels.jpg/170px-Penis_with_Labels.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="205" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Penis_with_Labels.jpg/255px-Penis_with_Labels.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Penis_with_Labels.jpg/340px-Penis_with_Labels.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1413" data-file-height="1700" /></a><figcaption>External male genitals (depilated)</figcaption></figure> The external male genitalia are the <a href="/wiki/Human_penis" title="Human penis">penis</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Scrotum" title="Scrotum">scrotum</a>. The penis provides a passageway for sperm and urine.<a href="#cite_note-AALL-24">[24]</a> The penis consists of nerves, blood vessels, fibrous tissue, and three parallel cylinders of spongy tissue.<a href="#cite_note-OS-25">[25]</a> Other components of the penis include the <a href="/wiki/Body_of_penis" title="Body of penis">shaft</a>, <a href="/wiki/Glans_penis" title="Glans penis">glans</a>, root, <a href="/wiki/Corpus_cavernosum_penis" title="Corpus cavernosum penis">cavernous bodies</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Corpus_spongiosum" class="mw-redirect" title="Corpus spongiosum">spongy body</a>.<a href="#cite_note-OS-25">[25]</a> The three cylindrical bodies of spongy tissue, which are filled with blood vessels, run along the length of the shaft.<a href="#cite_note-OS-25">[25]</a> The two bodies that lie side by side in the upper portion of the penis are the corpora cavernosa (cavernous bodies).<a href="#cite_note-OS-25">[25]</a> The third, called the corpus spongiosum (spongy body), is a tube that lies centrally beneath the others and expands at the end to form the tip of the penis (glans).<a href="#cite_note-OS-25">[25]</a> During <a href="/wiki/Sexual_arousal" title="Sexual arousal">arousal</a>, these bodies <a href="/wiki/Erection" title="Erection">erect</a> the penis by filling with blood.<a href="#cite_note-Lierse2012-26">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-SchattenConstantinescu2008-27">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-Bertolotto2007-28">[28]</a> The raised rim at the border of the shaft and glans is called the corona.<a href="#cite_note-PPE-29">[29]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Urethra" title="Urethra">urethra</a> connects the urinary bladder to the penis where urine exits the penis through the <a href="/wiki/Urethral_meatus" class="mw-redirect" title="Urethral meatus">urethral meatus</a>.<a href="#cite_note-APH-30">[30]</a> The urethra eliminates urine and acts as a channel for semen and sperm to exit the body during sexual intercourse.<a href="#cite_note-APH-30">[30]</a> The root consists of the expanded ends of the cavernous bodies, which fan out to form the crura and attach to the pubic bone and the expanded end of the spongy body.<a href="#cite_note-LAe-31">[31]</a> The bulb of the penis is surrounded by the <a href="/wiki/Bulbospongiosus_muscle" title="Bulbospongiosus muscle">bulbospongiosus muscle</a>, while the corpora cavernosa are surrounded by the <a href="/wiki/Ischiocavernosus_muscles" class="mw-redirect" title="Ischiocavernosus muscles">ischiocavernosus muscles</a>.<a href="#cite_note-CWWU-32">[32]</a> These aid urination and <a href="/wiki/Ejaculation" title="Ejaculation">ejaculation</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FAFTBS-33">[33]</a> The penis has a <a href="/wiki/Foreskin" title="Foreskin">foreskin</a> that typically covers the glans; this is sometimes removed by <a href="/wiki/Circumcision" title="Circumcision">circumcision</a> for medical, religious or cultural reasons. In the scrotum, the testicles are held away from the body, one possible reason for this is so sperm can be produced in an environment slightly lower than normal body temperature. The penis has very little muscular tissue, and this exists in its root.<a href="#cite_note-THB-34">[34]</a> The shaft and glans have no muscle fibers. Unlike most other primates, male humans lack a <a href="/wiki/Penile_bone" class="mw-redirect" title="Penile bone">penile bone</a>.<a href="#cite_note-OS-25">[25]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Internal_male_anatomy">Internal male anatomy</h5>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Human_sexuality&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Internal male anatomy">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Male_anatomy_1.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Male_anatomy_1.png/220px-Male_anatomy_1.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Male_anatomy_1.png/330px-Male_anatomy_1.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Male_anatomy_1.png/440px-Male_anatomy_1.png 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1050" /></a><figcaption>The male reproductive system<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a></figcaption></figure> Male internal reproductive structures are the <a href="/wiki/Testicle" title="Testicle">testicles</a>, the duct system, the <a href="/wiki/Prostate" title="Prostate">prostate</a> and <a href="/wiki/Seminal_vesicles" title="Seminal vesicles">seminal vesicles</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Cowper%27s_gland" class="mw-redirect" title="Cowper's gland">Cowper's gland</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-16">[16]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">page needed</a>] The testicles (male gonads), are where sperm and male hormones are produced. Millions of sperm are produced daily in several hundred seminiferous tubules. Cells called the <a href="/wiki/Leydig_cell" title="Leydig cell">Leydig cells</a> lie between the tubules; these produce hormones called androgens; these consist of <a href="/wiki/Testosterone" title="Testosterone">testosterone</a> and <a href="/wiki/Inhibin" class="mw-redirect" title="Inhibin">inhibin</a>. The testicles are held by the spermatic cord, which is a tubelike structure containing blood vessels, nerves, the vas deferens, and a muscle that helps to raise and lower the testicles in response to temperature changes and sexual arousal, in which the testicles are drawn closer to the body.<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-16">[16]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">page needed</a>] Sperm gets transported through a four-part duct system. The first part of this system is the <a href="/wiki/Epididymis" title="Epididymis">epididymis</a>. The testicles converge to form the <a href="/wiki/Seminiferous_tubules" class="mw-redirect" title="Seminiferous tubules">seminiferous tubules</a>, coiled tubes at the top and back of each testicle. The second part of the duct system is the <a href="/wiki/Vas_deferens" title="Vas deferens">vas deferens</a>, a muscular tube that begins at the lower end of the epididymis.<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-16">[16]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">page needed</a>] The vas deferens passes upward along the side of the testicles to become part of the spermatic cord.<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceB-36">[36]</a> The expanded end is the ampulla, which stores sperm before ejaculation. The third part of the duct system is the ejaculatory ducts, which are 1-inch (2.5 cm)-long paired tubes that pass through the prostate gland, where semen is produced.<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-16">[16]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">page needed</a>] The prostate gland is a solid, chestnut-shaped organ that surrounds the first part of the urethra, which carries urine and semen.<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-16">[16]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">page needed</a>]<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceB-36">[36]</a> Similar to the female G-spot, the prostate provides sexual stimulation and can lead to orgasm through <a href="/wiki/Anal_sex" title="Anal sex">anal sex</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Rosenthal-37">[37]</a> The prostate gland and the seminal vesicles produce seminal fluid that is mixed with sperm to create semen.<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-16">[16]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">page needed</a>] The prostate gland lies under the bladder and in front of the rectum. It consists of two main zones: the inner zone that produces secretions to keep the lining of the male urethra moist and the outer zone that produces seminal fluids to facilitate the passage of semen.<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceB-36">[36]</a> The seminal vesicles secrete fructose for sperm activation and mobilization, prostaglandins to cause uterine contractions that aid movement through the uterus, and bases that help neutralize the acidity of the vagina. The Cowper's glands, or bulbourethral glands, are two pea-sized structures beneath the prostate. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Female_anatomy_and_reproductive_system">Female anatomy and reproductive system</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Human_sexuality&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Female anatomy and reproductive system">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Human_female_reproductive_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Human female reproductive system">Human female reproductive system</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="External_female_anatomy">External female anatomy</h5>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Human_sexuality&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: External female anatomy">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vulva_labeled_english.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Vulva_labeled_english.jpg/170px-Vulva_labeled_english.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="194" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Vulva_labeled_english.jpg/255px-Vulva_labeled_english.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Vulva_labeled_english.jpg/340px-Vulva_labeled_english.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1263" data-file-height="1438" /></a><figcaption>External female genitals (depilated)</figcaption></figure> The external female genitalia are the <a href="/wiki/Vulva" title="Vulva">vulva</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Mons_pubis" title="Mons pubis">mons pubis</a> is a soft layer of fatty tissue overlaying the pubic bone.<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a> Following puberty, this area grows in size. It has many nerve endings and is sensitive to stimulation.<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-16">[16]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">page needed</a>] The <a href="/wiki/Labia_minora" title="Labia minora">labia minora</a> and <a href="/wiki/Labia_majora" title="Labia majora">labia majora</a> are collectively known as the <a href="/wiki/Labia" title="Labia">labia</a> or "lips". The labia majora are two elongated folds of skin extending from the mons to the <a href="/wiki/Perineum" title="Perineum">perineum</a>. Its outer surface becomes covered with hair after puberty. In between the labia majora are the labia minora, two hairless folds of skin that meet above the <a href="/wiki/Clitoris" title="Clitoris">clitoris</a> to form the <a href="/wiki/Clitoral_hood" title="Clitoral hood">clitoral hood</a>, which is highly sensitive to touch. The labia minora become engorged with blood during sexual stimulation, causing them to swell and turn red.<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-16">[16]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">page needed</a>] The labia minora are composed of connective tissues that are richly supplied with blood vessels which cause a pinkish appearance. Near the anus, the labia minora merge with the labia majora.<a href="#cite_note-innerbody.com-39">[39]</a> In a sexually unstimulated state, the labia minora protects the vaginal and urethral opening by covering them.<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a> At the base of the labia minora are the <a href="/wiki/Bartholin%27s_glands" class="mw-redirect" title="Bartholin's glands">Bartholin's glands</a>, which add a few drops of an alkaline <a href="/wiki/Vaginal_lubrication" title="Vaginal lubrication">fluid to the vagina</a> via ducts; this fluid helps to counteract the acidity of the outer vagina since sperm cannot live in an acidic environment.<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-16">[16]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">page needed</a>] The <a href="/wiki/Skene%27s_glands" class="mw-redirect" title="Skene's glands">Skene's glands</a> are possibly responsible for secreting fluid<a href="#cite_note-pastor-41">[41]</a> during <a href="/wiki/Female_ejaculation" title="Female ejaculation">female ejaculation</a>.<a href="#cite_note-pastor-41">[41]</a><a href="#cite_note-Greenberg-42">[42]</a><a href="#cite_note-Bullough-43">[43]</a> The clitoris is developed from the same embryonic tissue as the penis; it or its <a href="/wiki/Clitoris#Glans" title="Clitoris">glans</a> alone consists of as many (or more in some cases) nerve endings as the human penis or glans penis, making it extremely sensitive to touch.<a href="#cite_note-Francoeur-44">[44]</a><a href="#cite_note-Carroll-45">[45]</a><a href="#cite_note-Can't_feel-46">[46]</a> The clitoral glans, which is a small, elongated <a href="/wiki/Clitoral_erection" title="Clitoral erection">erectile</a> structure, has only one known function—sexual sensations. It is the female's most sensitive <a href="/wiki/Erogenous_zone" title="Erogenous zone">erogenous zone</a> and the main source of orgasm in women.<a href="#cite_note-Clitoris-47">[47]</a><a href="#cite_note-Flaherty-48">[48]</a><a href="#cite_note-Kenneth_Mah-49">[49]</a><a href="#cite_note-Kammerer-Doak-50">[50]</a> Thick secretions called <a href="/wiki/Smegma" title="Smegma">smegma</a> collect around the clitoris.<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-16">[16]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">page needed</a>] The <a href="/wiki/Vaginal_opening" class="mw-redirect" title="Vaginal opening">vaginal opening</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Urinary_meatus" title="Urinary meatus">urethral opening</a> are only visible when the labia minora are parted. These openings have many nerve endings that make them sensitive to touch. They are surrounded by a ring of sphincter muscles called the <a href="/wiki/Bulbocavernosus_muscle" class="mw-redirect" title="Bulbocavernosus muscle">bulbocavernosus muscle</a>. Underneath this muscle and on opposite sides of the vaginal opening are the vestibular bulbs, which help the vagina grip the penis by swelling with blood during arousal. Within the vaginal opening is the <a href="/wiki/Hymen" title="Hymen">hymen</a>, a thin membrane that partially covers the opening in many <a href="/wiki/Virgins" class="mw-redirect" title="Virgins">virgins</a>. Rupture of the hymen has been historically considered the loss of one's virginity, though, by modern standards, loss of virginity is considered to be the first sexual intercourse. The hymen can be ruptured by activities other than sexual intercourse. The urethral opening connects to the bladder with the urethra; it expels urine from the bladder. This is located below the clitoris and above the vaginal opening.<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-16">[16]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">page needed</a>] The <a href="/wiki/Breast" title="Breast">breasts</a> are the subcutaneous tissues on the front thorax of the female body.<a href="#cite_note-innerbody.com-39">[39]</a> Though they are not technically part of a woman's sexual anatomy, they do have roles in both sexual pleasure and reproduction.<a href="#cite_note-Lehmiller-51">[51]</a> Breasts are modified sweat glands made up of fibrous tissues and fat that provide support and contain nerves, blood vessels, and lymphatic vessels.<a href="#cite_note-innerbody.com-39">[39]</a> Their main purpose is to provide milk to a developing infant. Breasts develop during puberty in response to an increase in estrogen. Each adult breast consists of 15 to 20 milk-producing <a href="/wiki/Mammary_glands" class="mw-redirect" title="Mammary glands">mammary glands</a>, irregularly shaped lobes that include <a href="/wiki/Alveolar_gland" title="Alveolar gland">alveolar glands</a> and a lactiferous duct leading to the nipple. The lobes are separated by dense connective tissues that support the glands and attach them to the tissues on the underlying pectoral muscles.<a href="#cite_note-innerbody.com-39">[39]</a> Other connective tissue, which forms dense strands called suspensory ligaments, extends inward from the skin of the breast to the pectoral tissue to support the weight of the breast.<a href="#cite_note-innerbody.com-39">[39]</a> Heredity and the quantity of fatty tissue determine the size of the breasts.<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-16">[16]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">page needed</a>] Men typically find female breasts attractive<a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a> and this holds true for a variety of cultures.<a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a><a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a><a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a> In women, <a href="/wiki/Stimulation_of_nipples" class="mw-redirect" title="Stimulation of nipples">stimulation of the nipple</a> seems to result in activation of the brain's genital sensory cortex (the same region of the brain activated by stimulation of the clitoris, vagina, and cervix).<a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a> This may be why many women find nipple stimulation arousing and why some women are able to orgasm by nipple stimulation alone.<a href="#cite_note-Lehmiller-51">[51]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Internal_female_anatomy">Internal female anatomy</h5>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Human_sexuality&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Internal female anatomy">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Female_reproductive_system_lateral_1.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Female_reproductive_system_lateral_1.png/220px-Female_reproductive_system_lateral_1.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Female_reproductive_system_lateral_1.png/330px-Female_reproductive_system_lateral_1.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Female_reproductive_system_lateral_1.png/440px-Female_reproductive_system_lateral_1.png 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1050" /></a><figcaption>The female reproductive system<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a></figcaption></figure> The female internal reproductive organs are the <a href="/wiki/Vagina" title="Vagina">vagina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uterus" title="Uterus">uterus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fallopian_tube" title="Fallopian tube">fallopian tubes</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ovaries" class="mw-redirect" title="Ovaries">ovaries</a>. The vagina is a sheath-like canal that extends from the vulva to the cervix. It receives the penis during intercourse and serves as a depository for sperm. The vagina is also the <a href="/wiki/Birth_canal" class="mw-redirect" title="Birth canal">birth canal</a>; it can expand to 10 cm (3.9 in) during labor and delivery. The vagina is located between the <a href="/wiki/Bladder" title="Bladder">bladder</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Rectum" title="Rectum">rectum</a>. The vagina is normally collapsed, but during <a href="/wiki/Sexual_arousal" title="Sexual arousal">sexual arousal</a> it opens, lengthens, and produces lubrication to allow the insertion of the penis. The vagina has three layered walls; it is a self-cleaning organ with natural bacteria that suppress the production of yeast.<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-16">[16]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">page needed</a>] The <a href="/wiki/G-spot" title="G-spot">G-spot</a>, named after the <a href="/wiki/Ernst_Gr%C3%A4fenberg" title="Ernst Gräfenberg">Ernst Gräfenberg</a> who first reported it in 1950, may be located in the front wall of the vagina and may cause orgasms. This area may vary in size and location between women; in some it may be absent. Various researchers dispute its structure or existence or regard it as an extension of the clitoris.<a href="#cite_note-Hines-58">[58]</a><a href="#cite_note-Balon,_Segraves-59">[59]</a><a href="#cite_note-Kilchevsky-60">[60]</a> The uterus or womb is a hollow, muscular organ where a fertilized egg (ovum) will implant itself and grow into a fetus.<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-16">[16]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">page needed</a>] The uterus lies in the pelvic cavity between the bladder and the <a href="/wiki/Bowel" class="mw-redirect" title="Bowel">bowel</a>, and above the vagina. It is usually positioned in a 90-degree angle tilting forward, although in about 20% of women it tilts backwards.<a href="#cite_note-innerbody.com-39">[39]</a> The uterus has three layers; the innermost layer is the <a href="/wiki/Endometrium" title="Endometrium">endometrium</a>, where the egg is implanted. During ovulation, this thickens for implantation. If implantation does not occur, it is sloughed off during menstruation. The cervix is the narrow end of the uterus. The broad part of the uterus is the <a href="/wiki/Fundus_(uterus)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fundus (uterus)">fundus</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-16">[16]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">page needed</a>] During <a href="/wiki/Ovulation" title="Ovulation">ovulation</a>, the ovum travels down the fallopian tubes to the uterus. These extend about four inches (10 cm) from both sides of the uterus. Finger-like projections at the ends of the tubes brush the ovaries and receive the ovum once it is released. The ovum then travels for three to four days to the uterus.<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-16">[16]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">page needed</a>] After sexual intercourse, sperm swim up this funnel from the uterus. The lining of the tube and its secretions sustain the egg and the sperm, encouraging <a href="/wiki/Fertilization" class="mw-redirect" title="Fertilization">fertilization</a> and nourishing the ovum until it reaches the uterus. If the ovum divides after fertilization, <a href="/wiki/Identical_twins" class="mw-redirect" title="Identical twins">identical twins</a> are produced. If separate eggs are fertilized by different sperm, the mother gives birth to non-identical or <a href="/wiki/Fraternal_twins" class="mw-redirect" title="Fraternal twins">fraternal twins</a>.<a href="#cite_note-innerbody.com-39">[39]</a> The ovaries (female gonads), develop from the same embryonic tissue as the <a href="/wiki/Testicles" class="mw-redirect" title="Testicles">testicles</a>. The ovaries are suspended by ligaments and are the source where ova are stored and developed before ovulation. The ovaries also produce female hormones <a href="/wiki/Progesterone" title="Progesterone">progesterone</a> and <a href="/wiki/Estrogen" title="Estrogen">estrogen</a>. Within the ovaries, each ovum is surrounded by other cells and contained within a capsule called a primary follicle. At puberty, one or more of these follicles are stimulated to mature on a monthly basis. Once matured, these are called <a href="/wiki/Graafian_follicles" class="mw-redirect" title="Graafian follicles">Graafian follicles</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-16">[16]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">page needed</a>] The female reproductive system does not produce the ova; about 60,000 ova are present at birth, only 400 of which will mature during the woman's lifetime.<a href="#cite_note-innerbody.com-39">[39]</a> Ovulation is based on a monthly cycle; the 14th day is the most fertile. On days one to four, menstruation and production of estrogen and progesterone decreases, and the endometrium starts thinning. The endometrium is sloughed off for the next three to six days. Once menstruation ends, the cycle begins again with an FSH surge from the pituitary gland. Days five to thirteen are known as the pre-ovulatory stage. During this stage, the pituitary gland secretes follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). A negative feedback loop is enacted when estrogen is secreted to inhibit the release of FSH. Estrogen thickens the endometrium of the uterus. A surge of <a href="/wiki/Luteinizing_hormone" title="Luteinizing hormone">luteinizing hormone</a> (LH) triggers ovulation. On day 14, the LH surge causes a Graafian follicle to surface the ovary. The follicle ruptures and the ripe ovum is expelled into the abdominal cavity. The fallopian tubes pick up the ovum with the <a href="/wiki/Fimbriae_of_uterine_tube" class="mw-redirect" title="Fimbriae of uterine tube">fimbria</a>. The cervical mucus changes to aid the movement of sperm. On days 15 to 28—the post-ovulatory stage, the Graafian follicle—now called the <a href="/wiki/Corpus_luteum" title="Corpus luteum">corpus luteum</a>—secretes estrogen. Production of progesterone increases, inhibiting LH release. The endometrium thickens to prepare for implantation, and the ovum travels down the fallopian tubes to the uterus. If the ovum is not fertilized and does not implant, menstruation begins.<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-16">[16]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">page needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sexual_response_cycle">Sexual response cycle</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Human_sexuality&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Sexual response cycle">edit</a>]</div> The sexual response cycle is a model that describes the physiological responses that occur during sexual activity. This model was created by <a href="/wiki/William_Masters" title="William Masters">William Masters</a> and <a href="/wiki/Virginia_E._Johnson" title="Virginia E. Johnson">Virginia Johnson</a>. According to Masters and Johnson, the human sexual response cycle consists of four phases; excitement, plateau, orgasm, and resolution, also called the EPOR model. During the excitement phase of the EPOR model, one attains the intrinsic motivation to have sex. The plateau phase is the precursor to orgasm, which may be mostly biological for men and mostly psychological for women. Orgasm is the release of tension, and the resolution period is the unaroused state before the cycle begins again.<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-16">[16]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">page needed</a>] The male sexual response cycle starts in the excitement phase; two centers in the spine are responsible for erections. Vasoconstriction in the penis begins, the heart rate increases, the scrotum thickens, the spermatic cord shortens, and the testicles become engorged with blood. In the plateau phase, the penis increases in diameter, the testicles become more engorged, and the Cowper's glands secrete pre-seminal fluid. The orgasm phase, during which rhythmic contractions occur every 0.8 seconds,<a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification needed</a>] consists of two phases; the emission phase, in which contractions of the vas deferens, prostate, and seminal vesicles encourage ejaculation, which is the second phase of orgasm. Ejaculation is called the expulsion phase; it cannot be reached without an orgasm. In the resolution phase, the male is now in an unaroused state consisting of a <a href="/wiki/Refractory_period_(sex)" title="Refractory period (sex)">refractory (rest) period</a> before the cycle can begin. This rest period may increase with age.<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-16">[16]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">page needed</a>] The female sexual response begins with the excitement phase, which can last from several minutes to several hours. Characteristics of this phase include increased heart and respiratory rate, and an elevation of blood pressure. Flushed skin or blotches of redness may occur on the chest and back; breasts increase slightly in size and nipples may become hardened and erect. The onset of <a href="/wiki/Vasocongestion" title="Vasocongestion">vasocongestion</a> results in swelling of the clitoris, labia minora, and vagina. The muscle that surrounds the vaginal opening tightens and the uterus elevates and grows in size. The vaginal walls begin to produce a lubricating liquid. The second phase, called the plateau phase, is characterized primarily by the intensification of the changes begun during the excitement phase. The plateau phase extends to the brink of orgasm, which initiates the resolution stage; the reversal of the changes begun during the excitement phase. During the orgasm stage the heart rate, blood pressure, muscle tension, and breathing rates peak. The pelvic muscle near the vagina, the anal sphincter, and the uterus contract. Muscle contractions in the vaginal area create a high level of pleasure, though all orgasms are centered in the clitoris.<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-16">[16]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">page needed</a>]<a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a><a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a><a href="#cite_note-Koedt70-64">[64]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sexual_dysfunction_and_sexual_problems">Sexual dysfunction and sexual problems</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Human_sexuality&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Sexual dysfunction and sexual problems">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Sexual_dysfunction" title="Sexual dysfunction">Sexual dysfunction</a></div> Sexual disorders, according to the DSM-IV-TR, are disturbances in sexual desire and psycho-physiological changes that characterize the sexual response cycle and cause marked distress and interpersonal difficulty. Sexual dysfunctions are a result of physical or psychological disorders. Physical causes include hormonal imbalance, diabetes, heart disease and more; psychological causes include but are not limited to stress, anxiety, and depression.<a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a> Sexual dysfunction affects both men and women. There are four major categories of sexual problems in women: desire disorders, arousal disorders, orgasmic disorders, and sexual pain disorders.<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-16">[16]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">page needed</a>] Sexual desire disorder occurs when an individual lacks sexual desire because of hormonal changes, depression, and pregnancy. Arousal disorder is a female sexual dysfunction leading to a lack of vaginal lubrication. In addition, blood flow problems may affect arousal disorder. Lack of orgasm, also known as anorgasmia, is another sexual dysfunction in women. The last sexual disorder is painful intercourse, which can be caused by factors including pelvic mass, scar tissue, and sexually transmitted infections.<a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a> Three common sexual disorders for men are sexual desire disorder, ejaculation disorder, and erectile dysfunction. Lack of sexual desire in men may be caused by physical issues like low testosterone or psychological factors such as anxiety and depression.<a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a> Ejaculation disorders include retrograde ejaculation, retarded ejaculation, and premature ejaculation. Erectile dysfunction is an inability to initiate and maintain an erection during intercourse.<a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Psychological_aspects">Psychological aspects</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Human_sexuality&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Psychological aspects">edit</a>]</div> As one form of behavior, the psychological aspects of sexual expression have been studied in the context of emotional involvement, gender identity, intersubjective intimacy, and Darwinian reproductive efficacy. Sexuality in humans generates profound emotional and psychological responses. Some theorists identify sexuality as the central source of human personality.<a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a> Psychological studies of sexuality focus on psychological influences that affect sexual behavior and experiences.<a href="#cite_note-Rathus,_Spencer_A._2007-15">[15]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">page needed</a>] Early psychological analyses were carried out by <a href="/wiki/Sigmund_Freud" title="Sigmund Freud">Sigmund Freud</a>, who believed in a <a href="/wiki/Psychoanalytic" class="mw-redirect" title="Psychoanalytic">psychoanalytic</a> approach. He also proposed the concepts of <a href="/wiki/Psychosexual_development" title="Psychosexual development">psychosexual development</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Oedipus_complex" title="Oedipus complex">Oedipus complex</a>, among other theories.<a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a> Gender identity is a person's sense of their own <a href="/wiki/Gender" title="Gender">gender</a>, whether male, female, or <a href="/wiki/Non-binary" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-binary">non-binary</a>.<a href="#cite_note-MorrowMessinger-71">[71]</a> Gender identity can correlate with <a href="/wiki/Assigned_sex" class="mw-redirect" title="Assigned sex">assigned sex</a> at birth or can differ from it.<a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a> All societies have a set of gender categories that can serve as the basis of the formation of a person's <a href="/wiki/Social_identity" class="mw-redirect" title="Social identity">social identity</a> in relation to other members of society.<a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a> Sexual behavior and intimate relationships are strongly influenced by a person's sexual orientation.<a href="#cite_note-Coon,_D._2007-74">[74]</a> Sexual orientation is an enduring pattern of <a href="/wiki/Romance_(love)" title="Romance (love)">romantic</a> or <a href="/wiki/Sexual_attraction" title="Sexual attraction">sexual attraction</a> (or a combination of these) to persons of the opposite sex, same sex, or both sexes.<a href="#cite_note-Coon,_D._2007-74">[74]</a> Heterosexual people are romantically/sexually attracted to the members of the opposite sex, gay and lesbian people are romantically/sexually attracted to people of the same sex, and those who are bisexual are romantically/sexually attracted to both sexes.<a href="#cite_note-AmPsycholAssn-whatis-5">[5]</a> The idea that homosexuality results from reversed gender roles is reinforced by the media's portrayal of gay men as feminine and lesbians as masculine.<a href="#cite_note-King,_B._2009-75">[75]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">page needed</a>] However, a person's conformity or non-conformity to gender stereotypes does not always predict sexual orientation. Society believes that if a man is masculine, he is heterosexual, and if a man is feminine, he is homosexual. There is no strong evidence that a homosexual or bisexual orientation must be associated with atypical gender roles. By the early 21st century, homosexuality was no longer considered to be a pathology. Theories have linked many factors, including genetic, anatomical, birth order, and hormones in the prenatal environment, to homosexuality.<a href="#cite_note-King,_B._2009-75">[75]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">page needed</a>] Other than the need to procreate, there are many other reasons people have sex. According to one study conducted on college students (Meston & Buss, 2007), the four main reasons for sexual activities are physical attraction, as a means to an end, to increase emotional connection, and to alleviate insecurity.<a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sexuality_and_age">Sexuality and age</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Human_sexuality&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Sexuality and age">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Child_sexuality">Child sexuality</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Human_sexuality&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Child sexuality">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Update plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Update" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/42px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png" decoding="async" width="42" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/63px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/84px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="290" /></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section needs to be updated. The reason given is: Freud and to a lesser extent Kinsey are historically important but outdated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (July 2023)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Child_sexuality" title="Child sexuality">Child sexuality</a></div> Until Sigmund Freud published his <a href="/wiki/Three_Essays_on_the_Theory_of_Sexuality" title="Three Essays on the Theory of Sexuality">Three Essays on the Theory of Sexuality</a> in 1905, children were often regarded as <a href="/wiki/Asexuality" title="Asexuality">asexual</a>, having no sexuality until later development. Sigmund Freud was one of the first researchers to take child sexuality seriously. His ideas, such as psychosexual development and the <a href="/wiki/Oedipus_conflict" class="mw-redirect" title="Oedipus conflict">Oedipus conflict</a>, have been much debated but acknowledging the existence of child sexuality was an important development.<a href="#cite_note-Santrock,_J.W._2008-77">[77]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">page needed</a>] Freud gave sexual drives an importance and centrality in human life, actions, and behavior; he said sexual drives exist and can be discerned in children from birth. He explains this in his theory of <a href="/wiki/Infantile_sexuality" class="mw-redirect" title="Infantile sexuality">infantile sexuality</a>, and says sexual energy (<a href="/wiki/Libido" title="Libido">libido</a>) is the most important motivating force in adult life. Freud wrote about the importance of interpersonal relationships to one's sexual and emotional development. From birth, the mother's connection to the infant affects the infant's later capacity for pleasure and <a href="/wiki/Attachment_theory" title="Attachment theory">attachment</a>.<a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a> Freud described two currents of emotional life; an affectionate current, including our bonds with the important people in our lives; and a sensual current, including our wish to gratify sexual impulses. During adolescence, a young person tries to integrate these two emotional currents.<a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a> <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Kinsey" title="Alfred Kinsey">Alfred Kinsey</a> also examined child sexuality in his <a href="/wiki/Kinsey_Reports" title="Kinsey Reports">Kinsey Reports</a>. Children are naturally curious about their bodies and sexual functions. For example, they wonder where babies come from, they notice the differences between males and females, and many engage in <a href="/wiki/Genital_play" title="Genital play">genital play</a>, which is often mistaken for masturbation. Child sex play, also known as <a href="/wiki/Playing_doctor" title="Playing doctor">playing doctor</a>, includes exhibiting or inspecting the genitals. Many children take part in some sex play, typically with siblings or friends.<a href="#cite_note-Santrock,_J.W._2008-77">[77]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">page needed</a>] Sex play with others usually decreases as children grow, but they may later possess romantic interest in their peers. Curiosity levels remain high during these years, but the main surge in sexual interest occurs in adolescence.<a href="#cite_note-Santrock,_J.W._2008-77">[77]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">page needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sexuality_in_late_adulthood">Sexuality in late adulthood</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Human_sexuality&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Sexuality in late adulthood">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Sexuality_in_older_age" title="Sexuality in older age">Sexuality in older age</a></div> Adult sexuality originates in childhood. However, like many other human capacities, sexuality is not fixed, but matures and develops. A common stereotype associated with old people is that they tend to lose interest and the ability to engage in sexual acts once they reach late adulthood. This misconception is reinforced by Western popular culture, which often ridicules older adults who try to engage in sexual activities. Age does not necessarily change the need or desire to be sexually expressive or active. A couple in a long-term relationship may find that the frequency of their sexual activity decreases over time and the type of sexual expression may change, but feelings of intimacy may continue to grow and develop over time.<a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sociocultural_aspects">Sociocultural aspects</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Human_sexuality&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Sociocultural aspects">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Leffler_-_WomensLib1970_WashingtonDC.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Leffler_-_WomensLib1970_WashingtonDC.jpg/250px-Leffler_-_WomensLib1970_WashingtonDC.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Leffler_-_WomensLib1970_WashingtonDC.jpg/375px-Leffler_-_WomensLib1970_WashingtonDC.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Leffler_-_WomensLib1970_WashingtonDC.jpg/500px-Leffler_-_WomensLib1970_WashingtonDC.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4535" data-file-height="3012" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Second-wave_feminism" title="Second-wave feminism">women's liberation</a> march in Washington, D.C., in August 1970, from <a href="/wiki/Farragut_Square" title="Farragut Square">Farragut Square</a> to <a href="/wiki/Lafayette_Square,_Washington,_D.C." title="Lafayette Square, Washington, D.C.">Lafayette Park</a><a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Demonstration,_with_Gay_Liberation_Front_Banner,_c1972_(7374381322).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Demonstration%2C_with_Gay_Liberation_Front_Banner%2C_c1972_%287374381322%29.jpg/200px-Demonstration%2C_with_Gay_Liberation_Front_Banner%2C_c1972_%287374381322%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="239" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Demonstration%2C_with_Gay_Liberation_Front_Banner%2C_c1972_%287374381322%29.jpg/300px-Demonstration%2C_with_Gay_Liberation_Front_Banner%2C_c1972_%287374381322%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Demonstration%2C_with_Gay_Liberation_Front_Banner%2C_c1972_%287374381322%29.jpg/400px-Demonstration%2C_with_Gay_Liberation_Front_Banner%2C_c1972_%287374381322%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1253" data-file-height="1498" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Gay_Liberation" class="mw-redirect" title="Gay Liberation">Gay Liberation</a> march in London, UK, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1972. A Gay Liberation Front banner is visible. Location is believed to be Trafalgar Square.<a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a></figcaption></figure> Human sexuality can be understood as part of the social life of humans, which is governed by implied rules of behavior and the status quo. This narrows the view to groups within a society.<a href="#cite_note-Rathus,_Spencer_A._2007-15">[15]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">page needed</a>] The socio-cultural context of society, including the effects of politics and the mass media, influences and forms social norms. Throughout history, social norms have been changing and continue to change as a result of movements such as the sexual revolution and the rise of <a href="/wiki/Feminism" title="Feminism">feminism</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Escoffier2003-83">[83]</a><a href="#cite_note-Friedan-84">[84]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sex_education">Sex education</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Human_sexuality&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Sex education">edit</a>]</div> The age and manner in which children are informed of issues of sexuality is a matter of sex education. The school systems in almost all developed countries have some form of sex education, but the nature of the issues covered varies widely. In some countries, such as Australia and much of Europe, age-appropriate sex education often begins in pre-school, whereas other countries leave sex education to the pre-teenage and teenage years.<a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a> Sex education covers a range of topics, including the physical, mental, and social aspects of sexual behavior. Communities have differing opinions on the appropriate age for children to learn about sexuality. According to <a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a> magazine and <a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a>, 74% of teenagers in the United States reported that their major sources of sexual information were their peers and the media, compared to 10% who named their parents or a sex education course.<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-16">[16]</a> In the United States, some sex education programs encourage <a href="/wiki/Abstinence-only" class="mw-redirect" title="Abstinence-only">abstinence-only</a>, the choice to restrain oneself from sexual activity. In contrast, <a href="/wiki/Comprehensive_sex_education" title="Comprehensive sex education">comprehensive sex education</a> aims to encourage students to take charge of their own sexuality and know how to have safe, healthy, and pleasurable sex if and when they choose to do so.<a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a> Proponents for an abstinence-only education believe that teaching a comprehensive curriculum would encourage teenagers to have sex, while proponents for comprehensive sex education argue that many teenagers will have sex regardless and should be equipped with knowledge of how to have sex responsibly. According to data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, many teens who intend to be abstinent fail to do so, and when these teenagers do have sex, many do not use safe sex practices such as contraceptives.<a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sexuality_in_history">Sexuality in history</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Human_sexuality&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Sexuality in history">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_human_sexuality" title="History of human sexuality">History of human sexuality</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-One_source plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-one_source" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section relies largely or entirely on a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_with_a_single_source" title="Wikipedia:Articles with a single source">single source</a>. Relevant discussion may be found on the <a href="/wiki/Talk:Human_sexuality##" title="Talk:Human sexuality">talk page</a>. Please help <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Human_sexuality&action=edit">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">introducing citations to additional sources</a>. Find sources: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Human+sexuality%22">"Human sexuality"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Human+sexuality%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Human+sexuality%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Human+sexuality%22+-wikipedia">books</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Human+sexuality%22">scholar</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Human+sexuality%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a> (February 2016)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> Sexuality has been an important, vital part of human existence throughout history.<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceC-88">[88]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">page needed</a>] All civilizations have managed sexuality through sexual standards, representations, and behavior.<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceC-88">[88]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">page needed</a>] Before the rise of agriculture, groups of hunter-gatherers and nomadic groups inhabited the world. These groups had less restrictive sexual standards that emphasized sexual pleasure and enjoyment, but with definite rules and constraints. Some underlying continuities or key regulatory standards contended with the tension between recognition of pleasure, interest, and the need to procreate for the sake of social order and economic survival. Hunter-gatherers also placed high value on certain types of sexual symbolism. A common tension in hunter-gatherer societies is expressed in their art, which emphasized male sexuality and prowess, but also blurred gender lines in sexual matters. One example of these male-dominated portrayals is the <a href="/wiki/Egyptian_creation_myth" class="mw-redirect" title="Egyptian creation myth">Egyptian creation myth</a>, in which the sun god <a href="/wiki/Atum" title="Atum">Atum</a> masturbates in the water, creating the <a href="/wiki/Nile_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Nile River">Nile River</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Sumerian_religion" title="Sumerian religion">Sumerian</a> myth, the gods' semen filled the <a href="/wiki/Tigris" title="Tigris">Tigris</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceC-88">[88]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">page needed</a>] Once agricultural societies emerged, the sexual framework shifted in ways that persisted for many millennia in much of Asia, Africa, Europe, and parts of the Americas. One common characteristic new to these societies was the collective supervision of sexual behavior due to urbanization and the growth of population and population density. Children would commonly witness parents having sex because many families shared the same sleeping quarters. Due to land ownership, determination of children's paternity became important, and society and family life became patriarchal.<a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a> These changes in sexual ideology were used to control female sexuality and to differentiate standards by gender. With these ideologies, sexual possessiveness and increases in jealousy emerged. While retaining the precedents of earlier civilizations, each classical civilization established a somewhat distinctive approach to gender, artistic expression of sexual beauty, and to behaviors such as homosexuality. Some of these distinctions are portrayed in sex manuals, which were also common among civilizations in China, Greece, Rome, Persia, and India; each has its own sexual history.<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceC-88">[88]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">page needed</a>] Before the <a href="/wiki/High_Middle_Ages" title="High Middle Ages">High Middle Ages</a>, homosexual acts appear to have been ignored or tolerated by the Christian church.<a href="#cite_note-psychology.ucdavis.edu-90">[90]</a> During the 12th century, hostility toward homosexuality began to spread throughout religious and secular institutions. By the end of the 19th century, it was viewed as a pathology.<a href="#cite_note-psychology.ucdavis.edu-90">[90]</a> During the beginning of the <a href="/wiki/Industrial_Revolution" title="Industrial Revolution">Industrial Revolution</a> of the 18th and 19th centuries, many changes in sexual standards occurred. New artificial birth control devices such as the <a href="/wiki/Condom" title="Condom">condom</a> and <a href="/wiki/Diaphragm_(contraceptive)" class="mw-redirect" title="Diaphragm (contraceptive)">diaphragm</a> were introduced. Doctors started claiming a new role in sexual matters, urging that their advice was crucial to sexual morality and health. New pornographic industries grew, and Japan adopted its first laws against homosexuality. In Western societies, the definition of homosexuality was constantly changing; Western influence on other cultures became more prevalent. New contacts created serious issues around sexuality and sexual traditions. There were also major shifts in sexual behavior. During this period, puberty began occurring at younger ages, so a new focus on adolescence as a time of sexual confusion and danger emerged. There was a new focus on the purpose of marriage; it was increasing regarded as being for love rather than only for economics and reproduction.<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceC-88">[88]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">page needed</a>] <a href="/wiki/Havelock_Ellis" title="Havelock Ellis">Havelock Ellis</a> and Sigmund Freud adopted more accepting stances toward homosexuality; Ellis said homosexuality was inborn and therefore not immoral, not a disease, and that many homosexuals made significant contributions to society.<a href="#cite_note-psychology.ucdavis.edu-90">[90]</a> Freud wrote that all human beings as capable of becoming either heterosexual or homosexual; neither orientation was assumed to be innate.<a href="#cite_note-King,_B._2009-75">[75]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">page needed</a>] According to Freud, a person's orientation depended on the resolution of the Oedipus complex.<a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a> He said male homosexuality resulted when a young boy had an authoritarian, rejecting mother and turned to his father for love and affection, and later to men in general. He said female homosexuality developed when a girl loved her mother and identified with her father and became fixated at that stage.<a href="#cite_note-King,_B._2009-75">[75]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">page needed</a>] Alfred Kinsey initiated the modern era of sex research. He collected data from questionnaires given to his students at <a href="/wiki/Indiana_University" title="Indiana University">Indiana University</a>, but then switched to personal interviews about sexual behaviors. Kinsey and his colleagues sampled 5,300 men and 5,940 women. He found that most people masturbated, that many engaged in oral sex, that women are capable of having multiple orgasms, and that many men had had some type of homosexual experience in their lifetimes.<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-16">[16]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">page needed</a>] Before William Masters, a physician, and Virginia Johnson, a <a href="/wiki/Behavioral_scientist" class="mw-redirect" title="Behavioral scientist">behavioral scientist</a>, the study of anatomy and physiological studies of sex was still limited to experiments with laboratory animals. Masters and Johnson started to directly observe and record the physical responses in humans that are engaged in sexual activity under laboratory settings. They observed 10,000 episodes of sexual acts between 312 men and 382 women. This led to methods of treating clinical problems and abnormalities. Masters and Johnson opened the first sex therapy clinic in 1965. In 1970, they described their therapeutic techniques in their book, <a href="/wiki/Human_Sexual_Inadequacy" class="mw-redirect" title="Human Sexual Inadequacy">Human Sexual Inadequacy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-16">[16]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">page needed</a>] The first edition of the <a href="/wiki/Diagnostic_and_Statistical_Manual_of_Mental_Disorders" title="Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders">Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders</a>, published by the <a href="/wiki/American_Psychiatric_Association" title="American Psychiatric Association">American Psychiatric Association</a>, classified homosexuality as a mental illness, and more specifically, a "sociopathic personality disturbance".<a href="#cite_note-:1-92">[92]</a> This definition remained the professional understanding of homosexuality until 1973 when the American Psychiatric Association removed homosexuality from their list of diagnoses for mental disorders.<a href="#cite_note-:1-92">[92]</a> Through her research of heterosexual and homosexual men, <a href="/wiki/Evelyn_Hooker" title="Evelyn Hooker">Evelyn Hooker</a> revealed that there was no correlation between homosexuality and psychological maladjustment,<a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a> and her findings played a pivotal role in shifting the scientific community away from the perspective that homosexuality was something that needed to be treated or cured.<a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sexuality,_colonialism,_and_race">Sexuality, colonialism, and race</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Human_sexuality&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Sexuality, colonialism, and race">edit</a>]</div> European conquerors/colonists discovered that many non-European cultures had expressions of sexuality and gender which differed from European notion of <a href="/wiki/Heterosexual" class="mw-redirect" title="Heterosexual">heterosexual</a> <a href="/wiki/Cisnormativity" title="Cisnormativity">cisnormativity</a>. These would include <a href="/wiki/Transgender" title="Transgender">transgender</a> practices.<a href="#cite_note-Erickson1-95">[95]</a> In <a href="/wiki/1516" title="1516">1516</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vasco_N%C3%BA%C3%B1ez_de_Balboa" title="Vasco Núñez de Balboa">Vasco Núñez de Balboa</a>, a Spanish explorer, discovered indigenous people in Central America, among whom several indigenous men who dressed like women and had sex with each other, resulting in him feeding forty of these men to his dogs for having non-<a href="/wiki/Gender_variance" class="mw-redirect" title="Gender variance">gender conforming</a> behaviors and sexuality.<a href="#cite_note-Erickson1-95">[95]</a><a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a> In North America and the United States, Europeans have used claims of sexual immorality to justify discrimination against racial and ethnic minorities.<a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a> Scholars also study the ways in which <a href="/wiki/Colonialism" title="Colonialism">colonialism</a> has affected sexuality today and argue that due to <a href="/wiki/Racism" title="Racism">racism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_the_United_States" title="Slavery in the United States">slavery</a> it has been dramatically changed from the way it had previously been understood.<a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a><a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a> In her book, Carnal Knowledge and Imperial Power: Gender, Race, and Morality in Colonial Asia, Laura Stoler investigates how the <a href="/wiki/The_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="The Netherlands">Dutch</a> colonists used sexual control and gender-specific sexual sanctions to distinguish between the rulers from the ruled and enforce colonial domination onto the people of <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a> In America, there are 155 native tribes that are recorded to have embraced <a href="/wiki/Two-spirit" title="Two-spirit">two-spirit</a> people within their tribes, but the total number of tribes could be greater than what is documented.<a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a> Two-spirit people were and still are members of communities who do not fall under Western gender categories of male and female, but rather under a "<a href="/wiki/Third_gender" title="Third gender">third gender</a>" category.<a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a> This system of gender contradicts both the gender binary and the assertion that sex and gender are the same.<a href="#cite_note-:0-103">[103]</a> Instead of conforming to traditional roles of men and women, two-spirit fill a special niche in their communities. For example, two-spirited people are commonly revered for possessing special wisdom and spiritual powers.<a href="#cite_note-:0-103">[103]</a> Two-spirited people also can take part in marriages, either monogamous and polygamous ones.<a href="#cite_note-104">[104]</a> Historically, European colonizers perceived relationships involving two-spirited people as homosexuality, and therefore believed in the moral inferiority of native people.<a href="#cite_note-:0-103">[103]</a> In reaction, colonizers began to impose their own religious and social norms on indigenous communities, diminishing the role of two-spirit people in native cultures.<a href="#cite_note-105">[105]</a> Within reservations, the Religious Crime Code of the 1880s explicitly aimed to "aggressively attack Native sexual and marriage practices".<a href="#cite_note-:0-103">[103]</a> The goal of colonizers was for native peoples to assimilate into Euro-American ideals of family, sexuality, gender expression, and more.<a href="#cite_note-:0-103">[103]</a> The link between constructed sexual meanings and racial ideologies has been studied. According to Joane Nagel, sexual meanings are constructed to maintain racial-ethnic-national boundaries by the denigration of "others" and regulation of sexual behavior within the group. She writes, "both adherence to and deviation from such approved behaviors, define and reinforce racial, ethnic, and nationalist regimes".<a href="#cite_note-Nagel-106">[106]</a><a href="#cite_note-Nagel2-107">[107]</a> In the United States people of color face the effects of colonialism in different ways with stereotypes such as the Mammy and Jezebel for Black women; <a href="/wiki/Stereotypes_of_East_Asians_in_the_United_States" title="Stereotypes of East Asians in the United States">lotus blossom and dragon lady</a> for Asian women; and the spicy Latina.<a href="#cite_note-Mammy_Jezebel_and_Sistahs_on_Racism.org-108">[108]</a> These stereotypes contrast with standards of sexual conservatism, creating a dichotomy that dehumanizes and demonizes the stereotyped groups. An example of a stereotype that lies at the intersection of racism, classism, and <a href="/wiki/Misogyny" title="Misogyny">misogyny</a> is the archetype of the <a href="/wiki/Welfare_queen" title="Welfare queen">welfare queen</a>. Cathy Cohen describes how the welfare queen stereotype demonizes poor black single mothers for deviating from conventions surrounding family structure.<a href="#cite_note-109">[109]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reproductive_and_sexual_rights">Reproductive and sexual rights</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Human_sexuality&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Reproductive and sexual rights">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Reproductive_health" class="mw-redirect" title="Reproductive health">Reproductive health</a> and <a href="/wiki/Reproductive_rights" title="Reproductive rights">Reproductive rights</a></div> <a href="/wiki/Reproductive_and_sexual_rights" class="mw-redirect" title="Reproductive and sexual rights">Reproductive and sexual rights</a> encompass the concept of applying <a href="/wiki/Human_rights" title="Human rights">human rights</a> to issues related to reproduction and sexuality.<a href="#cite_note-110">[110]</a> This concept is a modern one, and remains controversial since it deals, directly and indirectly, with issues such as <a href="/wiki/Contraception" class="mw-redirect" title="Contraception">contraception</a>, <a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights">LGBT rights</a>, <a href="/wiki/Abortion" title="Abortion">abortion</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sex_education" title="Sex education">sex education</a>, freedom to choose a partner, freedom to decide whether to be sexually active or not, right to bodily integrity, freedom to decide whether or not, and when, to have children.<a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a><a href="#cite_note-112">[112]</a> These are all global issues that exist in all cultures to some extent, but manifest differently depending on the specific contexts. According to the Swedish government, "sexual rights include the right of all people to decide over their own bodies and sexuality" and "reproductive rights comprise the right of individuals to decide on the number of children they have and the intervals at which they are born."<a href="#cite_note-113">[113]</a> Such rights are not accepted in all cultures, with practices such criminalization of consensual sexual activities (such as those related to homosexual acts and sexual acts outside marriage), acceptance of <a href="/wiki/Forced_marriage" title="Forced marriage">forced marriage</a> and <a href="/wiki/Child_marriage" title="Child marriage">child marriage</a>, failure to criminalize all non-consensual sexual encounters (such as <a href="/wiki/Marital_rape" title="Marital rape">marital rape</a>), <a href="/wiki/Female_genital_mutilation" title="Female genital mutilation">female genital mutilation</a>, or restricted availability of contraception, being common around the world.<a href="#cite_note-114">[114]</a><a href="#cite_note-115">[115]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Stigma_of_contraceptives_in_the_U.S.">Stigma of contraceptives in the U.S.</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Human_sexuality&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Stigma of contraceptives in the U.S.">edit</a>]</div> In 1915, <a href="/wiki/Emma_Goldman" title="Emma Goldman">Emma Goldman</a> and <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Sanger" title="Margaret Sanger">Margaret Sanger</a>,<a href="#cite_note-116">[116]</a> leaders of the birth control movement, began to spread information regarding contraception in opposition to the laws, such as the Comstock Law,<a href="#cite_note-117">[117]</a> that demonized it. One of their main purposes was to assert that the birth control movement was about empowering women with personal reproductive and economic freedom for those who could not afford to parent a child or simply did not want one. Goldman and Sanger saw it necessary to educate people as contraceptives were quickly being stigmatized as a population control tactic due to being a policy limiting births, disregarding that this limitation did not target ecological, political, or large economic conditions.<a href="#cite_note-118">[118]</a> This stigma targeted lower-class women who had the most need of access to contraception. Birth control finally began to lose stigma in 1936 when the ruling of U.S. v. One Package<a href="#cite_note-119">[119]</a> declared that prescribing contraception to save a person's life or well-being was no longer illegal under the Comstock Law. Although opinions varied on when birth control should be available to women, by 1938, there were 347 birth control clinics in the United States but advertising their services remained illegal. The stigma continued to lose credibility as First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt publicly showed her support for birth control through the four terms her husband served (1933–1945). However, it was not until 1966 that the Federal Government began to fund family planning and subsidized birth control services for lower-class women and families at the order of President Lyndon B. Johnson. This funding continued after 1970 under the Family Planning Services and Population Research Act.<a href="#cite_note-120">[120]</a> Today, all Health Insurance Marketplace plans are required to cover all forms of contraception, including sterilization procedures, as a result of The Affordable Care Act signed by President Barack Obama in 2010.<a href="#cite_note-121">[121]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Stigma_and_activism_during_the_AIDS_epidemic">Stigma and activism during the AIDS epidemic</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Human_sexuality&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Stigma and activism during the AIDS epidemic">edit</a>]</div> In 1981, doctors diagnosed the first reported cases of <a href="/wiki/AIDS" class="mw-redirect" title="AIDS">AIDS</a> in America. The disease disproportionately affected and continues to affect gay and bisexual men, especially black and Latino men.<a href="#cite_note-122">[122]</a> The Reagan administration is criticized for its apathy towards the AIDS epidemic, and audio recordings reveal that Ronald Reagan's press secretary Larry Speakes viewed the epidemic as a joke, mocking AIDS by calling it the "gay plague".<a href="#cite_note-123">[123]</a> The epidemic also carried stigma coming from religious influences. For example, Cardinal Krol voiced that AIDS was "an act of vengeance against the sin of homosexuality", which clarifies the specific meaning behind the pope's mention of "the moral source of AIDS."<a href="#cite_note-124">[124]</a> <a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS_activism" title="HIV/AIDS activism">Activism</a> during the AIDS crisis focused on promoting safe sex practices to raise awareness that the disease could be prevented. The "Safe Sex is Hot Sex" campaign, for example, aimed to promote the use of condoms.<a href="#cite_note-Geiling-125">[125]</a> Campaigns by the U.S. government, however, diverged from advocacy of safe sex. In 1987, Congress even denied federal funding from awareness campaigns that "[promoted] or [encouraged], directly or indirectly, homosexual activities".<a href="#cite_note-Geiling-125">[125]</a> Instead, campaigns by the government primarily relied on scare tactics in order to instill fear in men who had sex with other men.<a href="#cite_note-Geiling-125">[125]</a> In addition to prevention campaigns, activists also sought to counteract narratives that led to the "social death" for people living with AIDS.<a href="#cite_note-Wright_1788–1798-126">[126]</a> <a href="/wiki/Gay_men" title="Gay men">Gay men</a> from San Francisco and New York City created the Denver Principles, a foundational document that demanded the rights, agency, and dignity of people living with AIDS.<a href="#cite_note-Wright_1788–1798-126">[126]</a> In his article "Emergence of Gay Identity and Gay Social Movements in Developing Countries", Matthew Roberts discusses how international AIDS prevention campaigns created opportunities for gay men to interact with other openly gay men from other countries.<a href="#cite_note-Roberts_243–264-127">[127]</a> These interactions allowed western gay "culture" to be introduced to gay men in countries where homosexuality was not an important identifier. Thus, group organizers self-identified as gay more and more, creating the basis for further development of gay consciousness in different countries.<a href="#cite_note-Roberts_243–264-127">[127]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sexual_behavior">Sexual behavior</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Human_sexuality&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Sexual behavior">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="General_activities_and_health">General activities and health</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Human_sexuality&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: General activities and health">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Human_sexual_activity" title="Human sexual activity">Human sexual activity</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Sexual_intercourse#Health_effects" title="Sexual intercourse">Sexual intercourse § Health effects</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sexually_active_life_expectancy" title="Sexually active life expectancy">Sexually active life expectancy</a></div> In humans, sexual intercourse has been shown to have health benefits,<a href="#cite_note-128">[128]</a> such as an improved sense of smell,<a href="#cite_note-129">[129]</a> reduction in <a href="/wiki/Stress_(biology)" title="Stress (biology)">stress</a> and blood pressure,<a href="#cite_note-webmd.com-130">[130]</a><a href="#cite_note-131">[131]</a> increased <a href="/wiki/Immune_system" title="Immune system">immunity</a>,<a href="#cite_note-132">[132]</a> and decreased risk of <a href="/wiki/Prostate_cancer" title="Prostate cancer">prostate cancer</a>.<a href="#cite_note-133">[133]</a><a href="#cite_note-134">[134]</a><a href="#cite_note-135">[135]</a> Sexual intimacy and orgasms increase levels of oxytocin, which helps people bond and build trust.<a href="#cite_note-136">[136]</a><a href="#cite_note-137">[137]</a><a href="#cite_note-138">[138]</a> Some of these benefits, such as stress reduction, also apply to <a href="/wiki/Masturbation" title="Masturbation">masturbation</a>, as distinct from sexual intercourse with another person. Masturbation is also a healthy element of sexual development in itself.<a href="#cite_note-139">[139]</a><a href="#cite_note-140">[140]</a> A long-term study of 3,500 people between ages 30 and 101 by clinical neuropsychologist David Weeks, MD, head of old-age psychology at the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Edinburgh_Hospital" title="Royal Edinburgh Hospital">Royal Edinburgh Hospital</a> in Scotland, said he found that "sex helps you look between four and seven years younger", according to impartial ratings of the subjects' photographs. Exclusive causation, however, is unclear, and the benefits may be indirectly related to sex and directly related to significant reductions in stress, greater contentment, and better sleep that sex promotes.<a href="#cite_note-141">[141]</a><a href="#cite_note-142">[142]</a><a href="#cite_note-143">[143]</a> Sexual intercourse can also be a <a href="/wiki/Disease_vector" title="Disease vector">disease vector</a>.<a href="#cite_note-144">[144]</a> There are 19 million new cases of sexually transmitted infections (STI) every year in the U.S.,<a href="#cite_note-CDC-145">[145]</a> and worldwide there are over 340 million sexually transmitted infections each year.<a href="#cite_note-who-146">[146]</a> More than half of these occur in adolescents and young adults aged 15–24 years.<a href="#cite_note-147">[147]</a> At least one in four US teenage girls has a sexually transmitted infection.<a href="#cite_note-CDC-145">[145]</a><a href="#cite_note-148">[148]</a> In the U.S., about 30% of 15- to 17-year-olds have had sexual intercourse, but only about 80% of 15- to 19-year-olds report using condoms for their first sexual intercourse.<a href="#cite_note-149">[149]</a> In one study, more than 75% of young women age 18–25 years felt they were at low risk of acquiring an STI.<a href="#cite_note-150">[150]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Creating_a_relationship">Creating a relationship</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Human_sexuality&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Creating a relationship">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Eugen_de_Blaas_The_Flirtation.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Eugen_de_Blaas_The_Flirtation.jpg/220px-Eugen_de_Blaas_The_Flirtation.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="182" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Eugen_de_Blaas_The_Flirtation.jpg/330px-Eugen_de_Blaas_The_Flirtation.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Eugen_de_Blaas_The_Flirtation.jpg/440px-Eugen_de_Blaas_The_Flirtation.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1041" data-file-height="863" /></a><figcaption>The Flirtation, <a href="/wiki/Eugene_de_Blaas" title="Eugene de Blaas">Eugene de Blaas</a>, 1904<a href="#cite_note-151">[151]</a></figcaption></figure> People both consciously and subconsciously seek to attract others with whom they can form deep relationships. This may be for companionship, procreation, or an intimate relationship. This involves interactive processes whereby people find and attract potential partners and maintain a relationship. These processes, which involve attracting one or more partners and maintaining sexual interest, can include: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flirting" title="Flirting">Flirting</a>, the use of indirect behavior to convey romantic or sexual interest. It can involve verbal or non-verbal cues, such as sexual comments, <a href="/wiki/Body_language" title="Body language">body language</a>, gazing, or close to another, but non-verbal flirting is more common.<a href="#cite_note-CECIR-152">[152]</a> Flirting is a socially accepted way of attracting someone. There are different types of flirting, and most people usually have one way of flirting that makes them most comfortable. When flirting, people can be polite, playful, physical, etc. Sometimes it is difficult to know whether or not the person is interested.<a href="#cite_note-153">[153]</a> Non-verbal flirting allows people to test another's interest without fear of direct rejection.<a href="#cite_note-CECIR-152">[152]</a> Flirting styles vary according to culture. Different cultures have different social etiquette. For example, length of eye contact, or how closely one stands by someone.<a href="#cite_note-154">[154]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seduction" title="Seduction">Seduction</a>, the process whereby one person deliberately entices another to engage in sexual behavior.<a href="#cite_note-155">[155]</a> This behavior is one that the person you are seducing would not usually do, unless sexually aroused. Seduction can be seen as both a positive and a negative. Since the word seduction has a Latin meaning, which is "to lead astray" it can be viewed negatively.<a href="#cite_note-156">[156]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sexual_attraction">Sexual attraction</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Human_sexuality&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Sexual attraction">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Sexual_attraction" title="Sexual attraction">Sexual attraction</a></div> Sexual attraction is attraction on the basis of <a href="/wiki/Sexual_desire" title="Sexual desire">sexual desire</a> or the quality of arousing such interest.<a href="#cite_note-Sexual_attraction-157">[157]</a><a href="#cite_note-Sexual_attraction2-158">[158]</a> Sexual attractiveness or sex appeal is an individual's ability to attract the sexual or erotic interest of another person and is a factor in <a href="/wiki/Sexual_selection" title="Sexual selection">sexual selection</a> or <a href="/wiki/Mate_choice" title="Mate choice">mate choice</a>. The attraction can be to the <a href="/wiki/Physical_attraction" class="mw-redirect" title="Physical attraction">physical</a> or other qualities or traits of a person, or to such qualities in the context in which they appear. The attraction may be to a person's <a href="/wiki/Aesthetics" title="Aesthetics">aesthetics</a> or movements or to their voice or smell, besides other factors. The attraction may be enhanced by a person's adornments, clothing, perfume, <a href="/wiki/Hair_length" class="mw-redirect" title="Hair length">hair length</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hair_style" class="mw-redirect" title="Hair style">style</a>, and anything else which can attract the sexual interest of another person. It can also be influenced by <a href="/wiki/Individual" title="Individual">individual</a> <a href="/wiki/Genetics" title="Genetics">genetic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Psychological" class="mw-redirect" title="Psychological">psychological</a>, or cultural factors, or to other, more amorphous qualities of the person. Sexual attraction is also a response to another person that depends on a combination of the person possessing the traits and also on the criteria of the person who is attracted. Though attempts have been made to devise objective criteria of sexual attractiveness and measure it as <a href="/wiki/Individual_capital" title="Individual capital">one of several bodily forms of</a> <a href="/wiki/Capital_asset" title="Capital asset">capital asset</a> (see <a href="/wiki/Erotic_capital" class="mw-redirect" title="Erotic capital">erotic capital</a>), a person's sexual attractiveness is to a large extent a subjective measure dependent on another person's interest, perception, and sexual orientation. For example, a gay or lesbian person would typically find a person of the <a href="/wiki/Same-sex_attraction" class="mw-redirect" title="Same-sex attraction">same sex</a> to be more attractive than one of the other sex. A <a href="/wiki/Bisexuality" title="Bisexuality">bisexual person</a> would find either sex to be attractive.<a href="#cite_note-159">[159]</a> In addition, there are <a href="/wiki/Asexuality" title="Asexuality">asexual</a> people, who usually do not experience sexual attraction for either sex, though they may have romantic attraction (homoromantic, biromantic or heteroromantic). <a href="/wiki/Interpersonal_attraction" title="Interpersonal attraction">Interpersonal attraction</a> includes factors such as <a href="/wiki/Propinquity" title="Propinquity">physical or psychological similarity</a>, <a href="/wiki/Intimate_relationship#Intimacy" title="Intimate relationship">familiarity</a> or possessing a preponderance of <a href="/wiki/Koinophilia#Physical_attractiveness" title="Koinophilia">common or familiar features</a>, <a href="/wiki/Similarity_(psychology)" title="Similarity (psychology)">similarity</a>, <a href="/wiki/Interpersonal_compatibility" title="Interpersonal compatibility">complementarity</a>, <a href="/wiki/Reciprocal_liking" title="Reciprocal liking">reciprocal liking</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Reinforcement" title="Reinforcement">reinforcement</a>.<a href="#cite_note-160">[160]</a> The ability of a person's physical and other qualities to create a sexual interest in others is the basis of their use in <a href="/wiki/Sex_in_advertising" title="Sex in advertising">advertising</a>, <a href="/wiki/Music_video" title="Music video">music video</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pornography" title="Pornography">pornography</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sex_in_film" title="Sex in film">film</a>, and other visual media, as well as in <a href="/wiki/Model_(person)" title="Model (person)">modeling</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sex_work" title="Sex work">sex work</a> and other occupations. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Legal_issues">Legal issues</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Human_sexuality&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Legal issues">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Family_law" title="Family law">Family law</a>, <a href="/wiki/Divorce" title="Divorce">Divorce</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marriage" title="Marriage">Marriage</a>, <a href="/wiki/Human_sexual_activity#Legal_issues" title="Human sexual activity">Human sexual activity § Legal issues</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sex_and_the_law" title="Sex and the law">Sex and the law</a></div> Globally, laws regulate human sexuality in several ways, including criminalizing particular sexual behaviors, granting individuals the privacy or <a href="/wiki/Autonomy" title="Autonomy">autonomy</a> to make their own sexual decisions, protecting individuals with regard to equality and non-discrimination, recognizing and protecting other individual rights, as well as legislating matters regarding marriage and the family, and creating laws protecting individuals from violence, harassment, and persecution.<a href="#cite_note-SexualityLaw1-161">[161]</a> In the United States, there are two fundamentally different approaches, applied in different states, regarding the way the law is used to attempt to govern a person's sexuality. The "black letter" approach to law focuses on the study of pre-existing legal precedent and attempts to offer a clear framework of rules within which lawyers and others can work.<a href="#cite_note-SexualityLaw1-161">[161]</a> In contrast, the socio-legal approach focuses more broadly on the relationship between the law and society, and offers a more contextualized view of the relationship between legal and social change.<a href="#cite_note-SexualityLaw1-161">[161]</a> Issues regarding human sexuality and human sexual orientation came to the forefront in Western law in the latter half of the twentieth century, as part of the <a href="/wiki/Gay_liberation" title="Gay liberation">gay liberation</a> movement's encouragement of LGBT individuals to "<a href="/wiki/Come_out_of_the_closet" class="mw-redirect" title="Come out of the closet">come out of the closet</a>" and engage with the legal system, primarily through courts. Therefore, many issues regarding human sexuality and the law are found in the opinions of the courts.<a href="#cite_note-Minnesota1-162">[162]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Sexual_privacy">Sexual privacy</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Human_sexuality&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Sexual privacy">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Sexual_and_reproductive_health_and_rights" title="Sexual and reproductive health and rights">Sexual and reproductive health and rights</a></div> While the issue of privacy has been useful to sexual rights claims, some scholars have criticized its usefulness, saying that this perspective is too narrow and restrictive. The law is often slow to intervene in certain forms of coercive behavior that can limit individuals' control over their own sexuality (such as female genital mutilation, <a href="/wiki/Forced_marriages" class="mw-redirect" title="Forced marriages">forced marriages</a> or lack of access to reproductive health care). Many of these injustices are often perpetuated wholly or in part by private individuals rather than state agents, and as a result, there is an ongoing debate about the extent of state responsibility to prevent harmful practices and to investigate such practices when they do occur.<a href="#cite_note-SexualityLaw1-161">[161]</a> State intervention with regards to sexuality also occurs, and is considered acceptable by some, in certain instances (e.g. same-sex sexual activity or <a href="/wiki/Prostitution" title="Prostitution">prostitution</a>).<a href="#cite_note-SexualityLaw1-161">[161]</a> The legal systems surrounding prostitution are a topic of debate. Proponents for criminalization argue that sex work is an immoral practice that should not be tolerated, while proponents for decriminalization point out how criminalization does more harm than good. Within the feminist movement, there is also a debate over whether sex work is inherently objectifying and exploitative or whether sex workers have the agency to sell sex as a service.<a href="#cite_note-163">[163]</a> When sex work is criminalized, sex workers do not have support from law enforcement when they fall victim to violence. In a 2003 survey of street-based sex workers in NYC, 80% said they had been threatened with or experienced violence, and many said the police were no help. 27% said they had experienced violence from police officers themselves.<a href="#cite_note-164">[164]</a> Different identities such as being black, transgender, or poor can result in a person being more likely to be criminally profiled by the police. For example, in New York, there is a law against "loitering for the purpose of engaging in prostitution", which has been nicknamed the "walking while trans" law because of how often transgender women are assumed to be sex workers and arrested for simply walking out in public.<a href="#cite_note-165">[165]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Religious_sexual_morality">Religious sexual morality</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Human_sexuality&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Religious sexual morality">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Religion_and_sexuality" title="Religion and sexuality">Religion and sexuality</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/History_of_human_sexuality" title="History of human sexuality">History of human sexuality</a></div> In some <a href="/wiki/Religions" class="mw-redirect" title="Religions">religions</a>, sexual behavior is regarded as primarily spiritual. In others it is treated as primarily physical. Some hold that sexual behavior is only spiritual within certain kinds of relationships, when used for specific purposes, or when incorporated into religious ritual. In some religions there are no distinctions between the physical and the spiritual, whereas some religions view human sexuality as a way of completing the gap that exists between the spiritual and the physical.<a href="#cite_note-166">[166]</a> Many religious conservatives, especially those of <a href="/wiki/Abrahamic_religions" title="Abrahamic religions">Abrahamic religions</a> and <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a> in particular, tend to view sexuality in terms of behavior (i.e. homosexuality or heterosexuality is what someone does). These conservatives tend to promote <a href="/wiki/Celibacy" title="Celibacy">celibacy</a> for gay people, and may also tend to believe that sexuality can be changed through <a href="/wiki/Conversion_therapy" title="Conversion therapy">conversion therapy</a><a href="#cite_note-Tolerance111-167">[167]</a> or <a href="/wiki/Prayer" title="Prayer">prayer</a> to become an <a href="/wiki/Ex-gay" class="mw-redirect" title="Ex-gay">ex-gay</a>. They may also see homosexuality as a form of mental illness, something that ought to be criminalized, an immoral abomination, caused by ineffective parenting, and view <a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage" title="Same-sex marriage">same-sex marriage</a> as a threat to society.<a href="#cite_note-Tolerance222-168">[168]</a> On the other hand, most religious liberals define sexuality-related labels in terms of sexual attraction and self-identification.<a href="#cite_note-Tolerance111-167">[167]</a> They may also view same-sex activity as morally neutral and as legally acceptable as opposite-sex activity, unrelated to mental illness, genetically or environmentally caused (but not as the result of bad parenting), and fixed. They also tend to be more in favor of same-sex marriage.<a href="#cite_note-Tolerance222-168">[168]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Judaism">Judaism</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Human_sexuality&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Judaism">edit</a>]</div> According to <a href="/wiki/Judaism" title="Judaism">Judaism</a>, sex between a man and woman within marriage is sacred and should be regularly enjoyed; celibacy is considered sinful.<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-16">[16]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">page needed</a>]<a href="#cite_note-169">[169]</a><a href="#cite_note-Note1-170">[note 1]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Christianity">Christianity</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Human_sexuality&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Christianity">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Early_Christianity">Early Christianity</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Human_sexuality&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Early Christianity">edit</a>]</div> Desire, including sexual desire and lust, were considered immoral and sinful, according to some authors.<a href="#cite_note-Knust2005-171">[170]</a><a href="#cite_note-Pagels2011-172">[171]</a><a href="#cite_note-Wiesner-Hanks2000-173">[172]</a> <a href="/wiki/Elaine_Pagels" title="Elaine Pagels">Elaine Pagels</a> says, "By the beginning of the fifth century, <a href="/wiki/Augustine" class="mw-redirect" title="Augustine">Augustine</a> had actually declared that spontaneous sexual desire is the proof of—and penalty for—universal original sin", though that this view goes against "most of his Christian predecessors".<a href="#cite_note-Pagels2011-172">[171]</a> According to <a href="/wiki/Jennifer_Wright_Knust" class="mw-redirect" title="Jennifer Wright Knust">Jennifer Wright Knust</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paul_the_Apostle" title="Paul the Apostle">Paul</a> framed desire a force Christians gained control over whereas non-Christians were "enslaved" by it;<a href="#cite_note-Knust2005-171">[170]</a> and he also said the bodies of Christians were members of <a href="/wiki/Body_of_Christ" title="Body of Christ">Christ's body</a> and thus sexual desire must be eschewed.<a href="#cite_note-Knust2005-171">[170]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Roman_Catholic_Church">Roman Catholic Church</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Human_sexuality&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Roman Catholic Church">edit</a>]</div> The <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic Church">Roman Catholic Church</a> teaches that sexuality is "noble and worthy"<a href="#cite_note-174">[173]</a> and has a unitive and procreative end.<a href="#cite_note-175">[174]</a><a href="#cite_note-176">[175]</a> For this reason, sexual activity's ideal should occur in the context of a marriage between a man and a woman, and open to the possibility of life. <a href="/wiki/Pope_Francis" title="Pope Francis">Pope Francis</a> teaches in <a href="/wiki/Amoris_laetitia" title="Amoris laetitia">Amoris laetitia</a> against "an attitude that would solve everything by applying general rules or deriving undue conclusions from particular theological considerations.<a href="#cite_note-177">[176]</a> and that he also warns that "not all discussions of doctrinal, moral or pastoral issues need to be settled by interventions of the magisterium."<a href="#cite_note-178">[177]</a> and that "We have been called to form consciences, not to replace them."<a href="#cite_note-179">[178]</a> The church has authoritative teachings on sexuality found in the catechism.<a href="#cite_note-180">[179]</a> The church places primacy of conscience especially on the regulation of births.<a href="#cite_note-181">[180]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Anglicanism">Anglicanism</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Human_sexuality&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Anglicanism">edit</a>]</div> The <a href="/wiki/Anglican_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglican Church">Anglican Church</a> teaches that human sexuality is a gift from a loving God designed to be between a man and a woman in a monogamous lifetime union of marriage. It also views singleness and dedicated celibacy as Christ-like. It states that people with same sex attraction are loved by God and are welcomed as full members of the <a href="/wiki/Body_of_Christ" title="Body of Christ">Body of Christ</a>, while the Church leadership has a variety of views in regard to homosexual expression and ordination. Some expressions of sexuality are considered sinful including "promiscuity, prostitution, incest, pornography, pedophilia, predatory sexual behavior, and sadomasochism (all of which may be heterosexual and homosexual), adultery, violence against wives, and female circumcision". The Church is concerned with pressures on young people to engage sexually and encourages abstinence.<a href="#cite_note-182">[181]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Evangelicalism">Evangelicalism</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Human_sexuality&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Evangelicalism">edit</a>]</div> In matters of sexuality, several <a href="/wiki/Evangelical" class="mw-redirect" title="Evangelical">Evangelical</a> churches promote the <a href="/wiki/Virginity_pledge" class="mw-redirect" title="Virginity pledge">virginity pledge</a> among young Evangelical Christians, who are invited to commit themselves during a public ceremony to <a href="/wiki/Sexual_abstinence" title="Sexual abstinence">sexual abstinence</a> until <a href="/wiki/Christian_marriage" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian marriage">Christian marriage</a>.<a href="#cite_note-183">[182]</a> This pledge is often symbolized by a <a href="/wiki/Purity_ring" title="Purity ring">purity ring</a>.<a href="#cite_note-184">[183]</a> In evangelical churches, young adults and unmarried couples are encouraged to marry early in order to live a sexuality according to the will of God.<a href="#cite_note-185">[184]</a> Although some churches are discreet on the subject, other evangelical churches in United States and Switzerland speak of a satisfying sexuality as a gift from God and a component of a harmonious Christian marriage, in messages during <a href="/wiki/Worship_service_(evangelicalism)" class="mw-redirect" title="Worship service (evangelicalism)">worship services</a> or conferences.<a href="#cite_note-186">[185]</a><a href="#cite_note-187">[186]</a> Many evangelical books and websites are specialized on the subject.<a href="#cite_note-188">[187]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Christianity_and_homosexuality#Evangelical_churches" title="Christianity and homosexuality">perceptions of homosexuality in the Evangelical Churches</a> are varied. They range from <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Christianity" title="Liberal Christianity">liberal</a> through <a href="/wiki/Moderate_evangelical_theology" class="mw-redirect" title="Moderate evangelical theology">moderate</a> to <a href="/wiki/Christian_fundamentalism" title="Christian fundamentalism">conservative</a>.<a href="#cite_note-189">[188]</a><a href="#cite_note-190">[189]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Christian_marriage" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian marriage">christian marriage</a> is presented by some churches as a protection against sexual misconduct and a compulsory step to obtain a position of responsibility in the church. <a href="#cite_note-191">[190]</a> This concept, however, has been challenged by numerous sex scandals involving married evangelical leaders. <a href="#cite_note-192">[191]</a><a href="#cite_note-193">[192]</a> Finally, evangelical theologians recalled that <a href="/wiki/Celibacy" title="Celibacy">celibacy</a> should be more valued in the Church today, since the gift of <a href="/wiki/Celibacy" title="Celibacy">celibacy</a> was taught and lived by <a href="/wiki/Jesus_Christ" class="mw-redirect" title="Jesus Christ">Jesus Christ</a> and <a href="/wiki/Paul_of_Tarsus" class="mw-redirect" title="Paul of Tarsus">Paul of Tarsus</a>. <a href="#cite_note-194">[193]</a><a href="#cite_note-195">[194]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Islam">Islam</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Human_sexuality&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Islam">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Sex_in_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Sex in Islam">Sex in Islam</a></div> In <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a>, desire for sex is considered to be a natural urge that should not be suppressed, although the concept of free sex is not accepted; these urges should be fulfilled responsibly. Marriage is considered to be a good deed; it does not hinder spiritual wayfaring. The term used for marriage within the <a href="/wiki/Quran" title="Quran">Quran</a> is nikah.<a href="#cite_note-196">[195]</a> Although Islamic sexuality is restrained via <a href="/wiki/Islamic_sexual_jurisprudence" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic sexual jurisprudence">Islamic sexual jurisprudence</a>, it emphasizes sexual pleasure within marriage. It is acceptable for a <a href="/wiki/Polygyny_in_Islam" title="Polygyny in Islam">man to have more than one wife</a>, but he must take care of those wives physically, mentally, emotionally, financially, and spiritually.<a href="#cite_note-197">[196]</a> Muslims believe that sexual intercourse is an act of worship that fulfils emotional and physical needs, and that producing children is one way in which humans can contribute to God's creation, and Islam discourages celibacy once an individual is married. However, homosexuality is strictly forbidden in Islam, and some Muslim lawyers have suggested that gay people should be put to death.<a href="#cite_note-198">[197]</a> Some have argued that Islam has an open and playful approach to sex<a href="#cite_note-199">[198]</a> so long as it is within marriage, free of lewdness, fornication and adultery. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hinduism">Hinduism</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Human_sexuality&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Hinduism">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a> emphasizes that sex is only appropriate between husband and wife, in which satisfying sexual urges through sexual pleasure is an important duty of marriage. Any sex before marriage is considered to interfere with intellectual development, especially between birth and the age of 25, which is said to be brahmacharya and this should be avoided. <a href="/wiki/Kama" title="Kama">Kama</a> (sensual pleasures) is one of the four purusharthas or aims of life (dharma, artha, kama, and moksha).<a href="#cite_note-200">[199]</a> The Hindu <a href="/wiki/Kama_Sutra" title="Kama Sutra">Kama Sutra</a> deals partially with sexual intercourse; it is not exclusively a sexual or religious work.<a href="#cite_note-201">[200]</a><a href="#cite_note-202">[201]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sikhism">Sikhism</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Human_sexuality&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: Sikhism">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Sikhism" title="Sikhism">Sikhism</a> views <a href="/wiki/Chastity" title="Chastity">chastity</a> as important, as Sikhs believe that the divine spark of <a href="/wiki/Waheguru" title="Waheguru">Waheguru</a> is present inside every individual's body, therefore it is important for one to keep clean and pure. Sexual activity is limited to married couples, and extramarital sex is forbidden. Marriage is seen as a commitment to Waheguru and should be viewed as part of spiritual companionship, rather than just sexual intercourse, and <a href="/wiki/Monogamy" title="Monogamy">monogamy</a> is deeply emphasized in Sikhism. Any other way of living is discouraged, including celibacy and homosexuality. However, in comparison to other religions, the issue of sexuality in Sikhism is not considered one of paramount importance.<a href="#cite_note-203">[202]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Human_sexuality&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><a href="/wiki/File:Bisexuality_symbol_(bold,_color).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Bisexuality_symbol_%28bold%2C_color%29.svg/32px-Bisexuality_symbol_%28bold%2C_color%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Bisexuality_symbol_%28bold%2C_color%29.svg/48px-Bisexuality_symbol_%28bold%2C_color%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Bisexuality_symbol_%28bold%2C_color%29.svg/64px-Bisexuality_symbol_%28bold%2C_color%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="25" data-file-height="16" /></a><a href="/wiki/Portal:Human_sexuality" title="Portal:Human sexuality">Human sexuality portal</a></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adolescent_sexuality" title="Adolescent sexuality">Adolescent sexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Age_of_consent" title="Age of consent">Age of consent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisexualism" title="Antisexualism">Antisexualism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_human_sexuality" title="History of human sexuality">History of human sexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_female_sexuality" title="Human female sexuality">Human female sexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_male_sexuality" title="Human male sexuality">Human male sexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_mating_strategies" title="Human mating strategies">Human mating strategies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neuroscience_and_sexual_orientation" title="Neuroscience and sexual orientation">Neuroscience and sexual orientation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_to_sexuality" title="Right to sexuality">Right to sexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_magic" title="Sex magic">Sex magic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexology" title="Sexology">Sexology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_practices_between_men" title="Sexual practices between men">Sexual practices between men</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_practices_between_women" title="Sexual practices between women">Sexual practices between women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexualization" title="Sexualization">Sexualization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex-positive_feminism" title="Sex-positive feminism">Sex-positive feminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex-positive_movement" title="Sex-positive movement">Sex-positive movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sociosexuality" title="Sociosexuality">Sociosexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strategic_pluralism" title="Strategic pluralism">Strategic pluralism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waist_to_hip_ratio" class="mw-redirect" title="Waist to hip ratio">Waist to hip ratio</a></li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Human_sexuality&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Note1-170"><a href="#cite_ref-Note1_170-0">^</a> Chabad is a traditional and Ashkenazi Jewish source. This page is not reflective of all modern Jewish beliefs, but instead describes one current set of views/some traditional views. </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Human_sexuality&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Cavendish-1"><a href="#cite_ref-Cavendish_1-0">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=YtsxeWE7VD0C&pg=PA384">Sex and Society, Volume 2</a>. <a href="/wiki/Marshall_Cavendish" title="Marshall Cavendish">Marshall Cavendish</a>. 2010. p. 384. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7614-7907-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7614-7907-9"><bdi>978-0-7614-7907-9</bdi></a>. Retrieved 21 June 2017. <q>The term human sexuality broadly refers to how people experience and express themselves as sexual beings.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sex+and+Society%2C+Volume+2&rft.pages=384&rft.pub=Marshall+Cavendish&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-7614-7907-9&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DYtsxeWE7VD0C%26pg%3DPA384&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuman+sexuality" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ferrante-2"><a href="#cite_ref-Ferrante_2-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFerrante2014" class="citation book cs1">Ferrante, Joan (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Au4bCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA207">Sociology: A Global Perspective</a>. Cengage. p. 207. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-285-74646-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-285-74646-3"><bdi>978-1-285-74646-3</bdi></a>. Retrieved 21 June 2017. <q>Sexuality encompasses all the ways people experience and express themselves as sexual beings.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sociology%3A+A+Global+Perspective&rft.pages=207&rft.pub=Cengage&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1-285-74646-3&rft.aulast=Ferrante&rft.aufirst=Joan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DAu4bCgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA207&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuman+sexuality" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-S._Greenberg-3">^ <a href="#cite_ref-S._Greenberg_3-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-S._Greenberg_3-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-S._Greenberg_3-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGreenbergBruessOswalt2016" class="citation book cs1">Greenberg, Jerrold S.; Bruess, Clint E.; Oswalt, Sara B. (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8iarCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA4">Exploring the Dimensions of Human Sexuality</a>. Jones & Bartlett. pp. 4–10. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-284-08154-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-284-08154-1"><bdi>978-1-284-08154-1</bdi></a>. Retrieved 21 June 2017. <q>Human sexuality is a part of your total personality. It involves the interrelationship of biological, psychological, and sociocultural dimensions. ... It is the total of our physical, emotional, and spiritual responses, thoughts, and feelings.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Exploring+the+Dimensions+of+Human+Sexuality&rft.pages=4-10&rft.pub=Jones+%26+Bartlett&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-1-284-08154-1&rft.aulast=Greenberg&rft.aufirst=Jerrold+S.&rft.au=Bruess%2C+Clint+E.&rft.au=Oswalt%2C+Sara+B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8iarCwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuman+sexuality" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bolin-4">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bolin_4-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bolin_4-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bolin_4-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bolin_4-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBolinWhelehan2009" class="citation book cs1">Bolin, Anne; Whelehan, Patricia (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qrPHYok19v8C&pg=PA32">Human Sexuality: Biological, Psychological, and Cultural Perspectives</a>. <a href="/wiki/Taylor_%26_Francis" title="Taylor & Francis">Taylor & Francis</a>. pp. 32–42. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7890-2671-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7890-2671-2"><bdi>978-0-7890-2671-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Human+Sexuality%3A+Biological%2C+Psychological%2C+and+Cultural+Perspectives&rft.pages=32-42&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-7890-2671-2&rft.aulast=Bolin&rft.aufirst=Anne&rft.au=Whelehan%2C+Patricia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DqrPHYok19v8C%26pg%3DPA32&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuman+sexuality" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-AmPsycholAssn-whatis-5">^ <a href="#cite_ref-AmPsycholAssn-whatis_5-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-AmPsycholAssn-whatis_5-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130808032050/http://www.apa.org/helpcenter/sexual-orientation.aspx">"Sexual orientation, homosexuality and bisexuality"</a>. <a href="/wiki/American_Psychological_Association" title="American Psychological Association">American Psychological Association</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.apa.org/helpcenter/sexual-orientation.aspx">the original</a> on 8 August 2013. Retrieved 10 August 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sexual+orientation%2C+homosexuality+and+bisexuality&rft.pub=American+Psychological+Association&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.apa.org%2Fhelpcenter%2Fsexual-orientation.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuman+sexuality" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> Carlson, Neil R. and C. Donald Heth. "Psychology: the Science of Behaviour." 4th Edition. Toronto: Pearson Canada Inc., 2007. 684. </li> <li id="cite_note-Bailey16-7">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bailey16_7-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bailey16_7-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bailey16_7-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaileyVaseyDiamondBreedlove2016" class="citation journal cs1">Bailey, J. Michael; Vasey, Paul; Diamond, Lisa; <a href="/wiki/Marc_Breedlove" title="Marc Breedlove">Breedlove, S. Marc</a>; Vilain, Eric; Epprecht, Marc (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/301639075">"Sexual Orientation, Controversy, and Science"</a>. Psychological Science in the Public Interest. 17 (2): 45–101. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1529100616637616">10.1177/1529100616637616</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27113562">27113562</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191228001236/https://www.researchgate.net/publication/301639075">Archived</a> from the original on 28 December 2019. Retrieved 10 July 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Psychological+Science+in+the+Public+Interest&rft.atitle=Sexual+Orientation%2C+Controversy%2C+and+Science&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=45-101&rft.date=2016&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F1529100616637616&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F27113562&rft.aulast=Bailey&rft.aufirst=J.+Michael&rft.au=Vasey%2C+Paul&rft.au=Diamond%2C+Lisa&rft.au=Breedlove%2C+S.+Marc&rft.au=Vilain%2C+Eric&rft.au=Epprecht%2C+Marc&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F301639075&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuman+sexuality" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-LeVay-8">^ <a href="#cite_ref-LeVay_8-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-LeVay_8-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeVay2017" class="citation book cs1">LeVay, Simon (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=HmQFFfa03nkC">Gay, Straight, and the Reason Why: The Science of Sexual Orientation</a>. Oxford University Press. p. 19. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0199752966" title="Special:BookSources/978-0199752966"><bdi>978-0199752966</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201022014657/https://books.google.com/books?id=HmQFFfa03nkC">Archived</a> from the original on 22 October 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gay%2C+Straight%2C+and+the+Reason+Why%3A+The+Science+of+Sexual+Orientation&rft.pages=19&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-0199752966&rft.aulast=LeVay&rft.aufirst=Simon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DHmQFFfa03nkC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuman+sexuality" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Balthazart-9">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Balthazart_9-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Balthazart_9-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBalthazart2012" class="citation book cs1">Balthazart, Jacques (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3fjGjlcVINkC">The Biology of Homosexuality</a>. Oxford University Press. pp. 13–14. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0199838820" title="Special:BookSources/978-0199838820"><bdi>978-0199838820</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210126132532/https://books.google.com/books?id=3fjGjlcVINkC">Archived</a> from the original on 26 January 2021. Retrieved 10 July 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Biology+of+Homosexuality&rft.pages=13-14&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0199838820&rft.aulast=Balthazart&rft.aufirst=Jacques&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3fjGjlcVINkC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuman+sexuality" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/profile/David_Buss/publication/14715297_Sexual_Strategies_Theory_An_Evolutionary_Perspective_on_Human_Mating/links/0deec5181791b73d35000000/Sexual-Strategies-Theory-An-Evolutionary-Perspective-on-Human-Mating.pdf">Sexual Strategies Theory: An Evolutionary Perspective on Human Mating</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201125092218/https://www.researchgate.net/profile/David_Buss/publication/14715297_Sexual_Strategies_Theory_An_Evolutionary_Perspective_on_Human_Mating/links/0deec5181791b73d35000000/Sexual-Strategies-Theory-An-Evolutionary-Perspective-on-Human-Mating.pdf">Archived</a> 25 November 2020 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> by David M. Buss and David P. Schmitt </li> <li id="cite_note-BussCh5-11"><a href="#cite_ref-BussCh5_11-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBuss2019" class="citation book cs1">Buss, David (2019). "Men's Long-Term Mating Strategies". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Sn6JDwAAQBAJ">Evolutionary Psychology: The New Science of the Mind</a>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0429590061" title="Special:BookSources/978-0429590061"><bdi>978-0429590061</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200112131228/https://books.google.com/books?id=Sn6JDwAAQBAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 12 January 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Men%27s+Long-Term+Mating+Strategies&rft.btitle=Evolutionary+Psychology%3A+The+New+Science+of+the+Mind&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=978-0429590061&rft.aulast=Buss&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DSn6JDwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuman+sexuality" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Oliver_&_Hyde-12"><a href="#cite_ref-Oliver_&_Hyde_12-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOliverHyde2001" class="citation book cs1">Oliver, Mary Beth; Hyde, Janet S. (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2qsKNaqIsuUC&pg=PA29">"Gender Differences in Sexuality: A Meta-Analysis"</a>. In Baumeister, Roy F. (ed.). Social Psychology and Human Sexuality: Essential Readings. Psychology Press. pp. 29–43. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84169-019-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84169-019-3"><bdi>978-1-84169-019-3</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200524102421/https://books.google.com/books?id=2qsKNaqIsuUC&pg=PA29">Archived</a> from the original on 24 May 2020. Retrieved 14 June 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Gender+Differences+in+Sexuality%3A+A+Meta-Analysis&rft.btitle=Social+Psychology+and+Human+Sexuality%3A+Essential+Readings&rft.pages=29-43&rft.pub=Psychology+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-1-84169-019-3&rft.aulast=Oliver&rft.aufirst=Mary+Beth&rft.au=Hyde%2C+Janet+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D2qsKNaqIsuUC%26pg%3DPA29&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuman+sexuality" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Leonard2010-13"><a href="#cite_ref-Leonard2010_13-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeonard2010" class="citation book cs1">Leonard, Janet (18 June 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PgtXj5R6OfMC">The Evolution of Primary Sexual Characters in Animals</a>. Oxford University Press. p. 552. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-532555-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-532555-3"><bdi>978-0-19-532555-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Evolution+of+Primary+Sexual+Characters+in+Animals&rft.pages=552&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2010-06-18&rft.isbn=978-0-19-532555-3&rft.aulast=Leonard&rft.aufirst=Janet&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPgtXj5R6OfMC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuman+sexuality" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a> Ellen Ross, Rayna Rapp Sex and Society: A Research Note from Social History and Anthropology Comparative Studies in Society and History, Vol. 23, No. 1 (Jan. 1981), pp. 51–72 </li> <li id="cite_note-Rathus,_Spencer_A._2007-15">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Rathus,_Spencer_A._2007_15-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rathus,_Spencer_A._2007_15-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rathus,_Spencer_A._2007_15-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRathusNevidFichner-Rathus2008" class="citation book cs1">Rathus, Spencer A.; Nevid, Jeffrey S.; Fichner-Rathus, Lois (2008). Human sexuality in a world of diversity (7th ed.). Boston: Pearson. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-205-53291-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-205-53291-9"><bdi>978-0-205-53291-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Human+sexuality+in+a+world+of+diversity&rft.place=Boston&rft.edition=7th&rft.pub=Pearson&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-205-53291-9&rft.aulast=Rathus&rft.aufirst=Spencer+A.&rft.au=Nevid%2C+Jeffrey+S.&rft.au=Fichner-Rathus%2C+Lois&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuman+sexuality" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceA-16">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_16-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_16-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_16-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_16-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_16-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_16-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_16-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_16-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_16-8">i</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_16-9">j</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_16-10">k</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_16-11">l</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_16-12">m</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_16-13">n</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_16-14">o</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_16-15">p</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_16-16">q</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_16-17">r</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_16-18">s</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_16-19">t</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_16-20">u</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_16-21">v</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_16-22">w</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_16-23">x</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_16-24">y</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_16-25">z</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_16-26">aa</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_16-27">ab</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_16-28">ac</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_16-29">ad</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_16-30">ae</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKingRegan2013" class="citation book cs1">King, Bruce M.; Regan, Pamela C. (2013). Human sexuality today (8th ed.). Boston: Pearson. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-205-98800-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-205-98800-6"><bdi>978-0-205-98800-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Human+sexuality+today&rft.place=Boston&rft.edition=8th&rft.pub=Pearson&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-0-205-98800-6&rft.aulast=King&rft.aufirst=Bruce+M.&rft.au=Regan%2C+Pamela+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuman+sexuality" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBolinWhelehan1999" class="citation book cs1">Bolin, Anne; Whelehan, Patricia (January 1999). Perspectives on Human Sexuality. 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Boston: Cengage. p. 452. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-111-34273-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-111-34273-9"><bdi>978-1-111-34273-9</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150326114446/http://books.google.com/books?id=8smBuRecmDsC&pg=PT480">Archived</a> from the original on 26 March 2015. 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Treasure Island (FL). <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29763156">29763156</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210307165803/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK499981/">Archived</a> from the original on 7 March 2021. 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Whitby, ON: McGraw-Hill Ryerson. pp. 100, 102ff. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-07-032972-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-07-032972-0"><bdi>978-0-07-032972-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Understanding+Human+Sexuality&rft.place=Whitby%2C+ON&rft.pages=100%2C+102ff&rft.edition=5th+Canadian&rft.pub=McGraw-Hill+Ryerson&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-0-07-032972-0&rft.aulast=Hyde&rft.aufirst=Janet&rft.au=DeLamater%2C+John&rft.au=Byers%2C+Sandra&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuman+sexuality" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-AALL-24"><a href="#cite_ref-AALL_24-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSingh2018" class="citation book cs1">Singh, Vishram Singh (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zq1jDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA55">Textbook of Anatomy Abdomen and Lower Limb; Volume II, Volume 2</a>. Elsevier. p. 55. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-8131252949" title="Special:BookSources/978-8131252949"><bdi>978-8131252949</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Textbook+of+Anatomy+Abdomen+and+Lower+Limb%3B+Volume+II%2C+Volume+2&rft.pages=55&rft.pub=Elsevier&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-8131252949&rft.aulast=Singh&rft.aufirst=Vishram+Singh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dzq1jDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA55&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuman+sexuality" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-OS-25">^ <a href="#cite_ref-OS_25-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-OS_25-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-OS_25-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-OS_25-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-OS_25-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-OS_25-5">f</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCrooksBaurWidman2020" class="citation book cs1">Crooks, Robert L.; Baur, Karla; Widman, Laura (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=csOtDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT117">Our Sexuality</a>. Our Sexuality. p. 84. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0357038390" title="Special:BookSources/978-0357038390"><bdi>978-0357038390</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Our+Sexuality&rft.pages=84&rft.pub=Our+Sexuality&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=978-0357038390&rft.aulast=Crooks&rft.aufirst=Robert+L.&rft.au=Baur%2C+Karla&rft.au=Widman%2C+Laura&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DcsOtDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT117&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuman+sexuality" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lierse2012-26"><a href="#cite_ref-Lierse2012_26-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLierse2012" class="citation book cs1">Lierse, Werner (6 December 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=BGb7CAAAQBAJ&q=%22corpus+cavernosum%22+penis">Applied Anatomy of the Pelvis</a>. Springer. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-642-71368-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-642-71368-2"><bdi>978-3-642-71368-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Applied+Anatomy+of+the+Pelvis&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2012-12-06&rft.isbn=978-3-642-71368-2&rft.aulast=Lierse&rft.aufirst=Werner&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBGb7CAAAQBAJ%26q%3D%2522corpus%2Bcavernosum%2522%2Bpenis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuman+sexuality" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-SchattenConstantinescu2008-27"><a href="#cite_ref-SchattenConstantinescu2008_27-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchattenConstantinescu2008" class="citation book cs1">Schatten, Heide; Constantinescu, Gheorghe M. 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Springer. p. 157. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-540-36677-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-540-36677-5"><bdi>978-3-540-36677-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Color+Doppler+US+of+the+Penis&rft.pages=157&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2007-12-22&rft.isbn=978-3-540-36677-5&rft.aulast=Bertolotto&rft.aufirst=Michele&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDz-0y7ozp4gC%26q%3D%2522corpus%2B%2528cavernosum%2BOR%2Bcavernosa%2529%2522%26pg%3DPA157&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuman+sexuality" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-PPE-29"><a href="#cite_ref-PPE_29-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDuderstadt2017" class="citation book cs1">Duderstadt, Karen (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ObpDDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA256">Pediatric Physical Examination</a>. 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Cengage. p. 848. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0357461174" title="Special:BookSources/978-0357461174"><bdi>978-0357461174</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Anatomy+%26+Physiology+for+Health+Professions&rft.pages=848&rft.pub=Cengage&rft.date=2021&rft.isbn=978-0357461174&rft.aulast=Bubb&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7uUXEAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA848&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuman+sexuality" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-LAe-31"><a href="#cite_ref-LAe_31-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSinnatamby2011" class="citation book cs1">Sinnatamby, Chummy S. 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Jones & Bartlett. p. 429. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7637-4148-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7637-4148-8"><bdi>978-0-7637-4148-8</bdi></a>. 9780763741488.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Exploring+the+Dimensions+of+Human+Sexuality&rft.pages=429&rft.pub=Jones+%26+Bartlett&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-7637-4148-8&rft.aulast=Greenberg&rft.aufirst=J.+S.&rft.au=Bruess%2C+C.+E.&rft.au=Conklin%2C+S.+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZdYh_iFZvbkC%26pg%3DPA429&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuman+sexuality" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bullough-43"><a href="#cite_ref-Bullough_43-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBulloughBullough2014" class="citation book cs1">Bullough, Vern L.; Bullough, Bonnie (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=UHymAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA231">Human Sexuality: An Encyclopedia</a>. <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>. p. 231. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1135825096" title="Special:BookSources/978-1135825096"><bdi>978-1135825096</bdi></a>. 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(June 2008). "Female Sexual Function and Dysfunction". Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinics of North America. 35 (2): 169–183. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.ogc.2008.03.006">10.1016/j.ogc.2008.03.006</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18486835">18486835</a>. <q>Most women report the inability to achieve orgasm with vaginal intercourse and require direct clitoral stimulation ... About 20% have coital climaxes ...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Obstetrics+and+Gynecology+Clinics+of+North+America&rft.atitle=Female+Sexual+Function+and+Dysfunction&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=169-183&rft.date=2008-06&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.ogc.2008.03.006&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F18486835&rft.aulast=Kammerer-Doak&rft.aufirst=Dorothy&rft.au=Rogers%2C+Rebecca+G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuman+sexuality" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lehmiller-51">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Lehmiller_51-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lehmiller_51-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLehmiller2018" class="citation book cs1">Lehmiller, Justin (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=JXJGDwAAQBAJ">The Psychology of Human Sexuality</a> (2nd ed.). 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"Is the Female G-Spot Truly a Distinct Anatomic Entity?". <a href="/wiki/The_Journal_of_Sexual_Medicine" title="The Journal of Sexual Medicine">The Journal of Sexual Medicine</a>. 9 (3): 719–726. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1743-6109.2011.02623.x">10.1111/j.1743-6109.2011.02623.x</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22240236">22240236</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Sexual+Medicine&rft.atitle=Is+the+Female+G-Spot+Truly+a+Distinct+Anatomic+Entity%3F&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=719-726&rft.date=2012-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1743-6109.2011.02623.x&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F22240236&rft.aulast=Kilchevsky&rft.aufirst=A&rft.au=Vardi%2C+Y&rft.au=Lowenstein%2C+L&rft.au=Gruenwald%2C+I&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuman+sexuality" class="Z3988"> A lay summary can be found at <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/01/19/g-spot-does-not-exist_n_1215822.html">"G-Spot Does Not Exist, 'Without A Doubt,' Say Researchers"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Huffington_Post" class="mw-redirect" title="The Huffington Post">The Huffington Post</a>. 19 January 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190310161629/https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/01/19/g-spot-does-not-exist_n_1215822.html">Archived</a> from the original on 10 March 2019. Retrieved 1 October 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Huffington+Post&rft.atitle=G-Spot+Does+Not+Exist%2C+%27Without+A+Doubt%2C%27+Say+Researchers&rft.date=2012-01-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.huffingtonpost.com%2F2012%2F01%2F19%2Fg-spot-does-not-exist_n_1215822.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuman+sexuality" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAbu_El-HamdSalehMajzoub2019" class="citation journal cs1">Abu El-Hamd, Mohammed; Saleh, Ramadan; Majzoub, Ahmad (8 March 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6732885">"Premature ejaculation: an update on definition and pathophysiology"</a>. Asian Journal of Andrology. 21 (5): 425–432. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4103%2Faja.aja_122_18">10.4103/aja.aja_122_18</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6732885">6732885</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30860082">30860082</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Asian+Journal+of+Andrology&rft.atitle=Premature+ejaculation%3A+an+update+on+definition+and+pathophysiology&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=425-432&rft.date=2019-03-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC6732885%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F30860082&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4103%2Faja.aja_122_18&rft.aulast=Abu+El-Hamd&rft.aufirst=Mohammed&rft.au=Saleh%2C+Ramadan&rft.au=Majzoub%2C+Ahmad&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC6732885&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuman+sexuality" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIntimacy2005" class="citation web cs1">Intimacy, Sinclair (25 April 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170709191701/http://health.howstuffworks.com/sexual-health/sexuality/sexual-response-dictionary1.htm">"Discovery Health "Sexual Response""</a>. Health.howstuffworks.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://health.howstuffworks.com/sexual-health/sexuality/sexual-response-dictionary1.htm">the original</a> on 9 July 2017. Retrieved 18 February 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Discovery+Health+%22Sexual+Response%22&rft.pub=Health.howstuffworks.com&rft.date=2005-04-25&rft.aulast=Intimacy&rft.aufirst=Sinclair&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhealth.howstuffworks.com%2Fsexual-health%2Fsexuality%2Fsexual-response-dictionary1.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuman+sexuality" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.proplusmedical.com/pages.html?pages_id=8">"Female Sexual Response Cycle"</a>. 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Chicago Women's Liberation Union. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cwluherstory.org/myth-of-the-vaginal-orgasm.html">the original</a> on 19 August 2016. Retrieved 18 November 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Myth+of+the+Vaginal+Orgasm&rft.pub=Chicago+Women%27s+Liberation+Union&rft.date=1970&rft.aulast=Koedt&rft.aufirst=Anne&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cwluherstory.org%2Fmyth-of-the-vaginal-orgasm.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuman+sexuality" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.webmd.com/women/guide/sexual-dysfunction-women">"Female Sexual Dysfunction"</a>. webmd.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201127015713/https://www.webmd.com/women/guide/sexual-dysfunction-women">Archived</a> from the original on 27 November 2020. Retrieved 2 December 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=webmd.com&rft.atitle=Female+Sexual+Dysfunction&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.webmd.com%2Fwomen%2Fguide%2Fsexual-dysfunction-women&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuman+sexuality" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.webmd.com/women/guide/sexual-dysfunction-women?page=2">"Female Sexual Dysfunction"</a>. webmd.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160913075342/http://www.webmd.com/women/guide/sexual-dysfunction-women?page=2">Archived</a> from the original on 13 September 2016. Retrieved 2 December 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=webmd.com&rft.atitle=Female+Sexual+Dysfunction&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.webmd.com%2Fwomen%2Fguide%2Fsexual-dysfunction-women%3Fpage%3D2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuman+sexuality" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.webmd.com/men/guide/mental-health-male-sexual-problems?page=2">"Male Sexual Problems"</a>. Webmd.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160806092456/http://www.webmd.com/men/guide/mental-health-male-sexual-problems?page=2">Archived</a> from the original on 6 August 2016. 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Boston Women's Health Book Collective. 2011. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7432-5611-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7432-5611-7"><bdi>978-0-7432-5611-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Our+Bodies%2C+Ourselves&rft.edition=35th&rft.pub=Boston+Women%27s+Health+Book+Collective&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-7432-5611-7&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fourbodiesoursel00bost&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuman+sexuality" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRusson2009" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Russon" title="John Russon">Russon, John</a> (2009). Bearing Witness to Epiphany: Persons, Things, and the Nature of Erotic Life. Albany: State University of New York Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4384-2504-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4384-2504-7"><bdi>978-1-4384-2504-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bearing+Witness+to+Epiphany%3A+Persons%2C+Things%2C+and+the+Nature+of+Erotic+Life&rft.place=Albany&rft.pub=State+University+of+New+York+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-4384-2504-7&rft.aulast=Russon&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuman+sexuality" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Sigmund-Freud">"Sigmund Freud"</a>. 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Morrow and Lori Messinger (2006, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0231501862" title="Special:BookSources/0231501862">0231501862</a>), p. 8: "Gender identity refers to an individual's personal sense of identity as masculine or feminine, or some combination thereof." </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hrc.org/resources/sexual-orientation-and-gender-identity-terminology-and-definitions">"Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity Definitions"</a>. Human Rights Campaign. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151125033133/http://www.hrc.org/resources/sexual-orientation-and-gender-identity-terminology-and-definitions">Archived</a> from the original on 25 November 2015. Retrieved 31 October 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sexual+Orientation+and+Gender+Identity+Definitions&rft.pub=Human+Rights+Campaign&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hrc.org%2Fresources%2Fsexual-orientation-and-gender-identity-terminology-and-definitions&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuman+sexuality" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a> V. M. Moghadam, Patriarchy and the politics of gender in modernising societies, in International Sociology, 1992: "All societies have gender systems." </li> <li id="cite_note-Coon,_D._2007-74">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Coon,_D._2007_74-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Coon,_D._2007_74-1">b</a> Coon, D., & Mitterer, J.O. (2007). Introduction to psychology: gateways to mind and behavior (11th ed.). Australia: <a href="/wiki/Thomson/Wadsworth" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomson/Wadsworth">Thomson/Wadsworth</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-King,_B._2009-75">^ <a href="#cite_ref-King,_B._2009_75-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-King,_B._2009_75-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-King,_B._2009_75-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-King,_B._2009_75-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKing2009" class="citation book cs1">King, Bruce M. (2009). Human Sexuality Today (6th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: <a href="/wiki/Vango_Books" class="mw-redirect" title="Vango Books">Vango Books</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0128645116" title="Special:BookSources/978-0128645116"><bdi>978-0128645116</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Human+Sexuality+Today&rft.place=Upper+Saddle+River%2C+NJ&rft.edition=6th&rft.pub=Vango+Books&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0128645116&rft.aulast=King&rft.aufirst=Bruce+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuman+sexuality" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchacterGilbertWegner2011" class="citation book cs1">Schacter, Daniel L.; Gilbert, Daniel T.; Wegner, Daniel M. 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Translated by Alcorn, David. Routledge. p. 165. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-317-71050-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-317-71050-9"><bdi>978-1-317-71050-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Reading+Freud%3A+a+chronological+exploration+of+Freud%27s+writings&rft.pages=165&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-1-317-71050-9&rft.aulast=Quinodoz&rft.aufirst=Jean-Michel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DA8hdAgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT165&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuman+sexuality" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEastwick2018" class="citation journal cs1">Eastwick, Paul W. 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Loc.gov. 1970. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201120091344/https://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/2003673992/">Archived</a> from the original on 20 November 2020. Retrieved 8 November 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Women%27s+liberation+march+from+Farrugut+Square+to+Layfette+%28Lafayette+Park%29&rft.pub=Loc.gov&rft.date=1970&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.loc.gov%2Fpictures%2Fitem%2F2003673992%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuman+sexuality" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archives.lse.ac.uk/Record.aspx?src=CalmView.Catalog&id=IMAGELIBRARY/1370">"Demonstration with Gay Liberation Front Banner, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1972"</a>. 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Vox. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191029225922/https://www.vox.com/2019/8/2/20692327/sex-work-decriminalization-prostitution-new-york-dc">Archived</a> from the original on 29 October 2019. Retrieved 30 October 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Vox&rft.atitle=Sex+workers%27+fight+for+decriminalization%2C+explained&rft.date=2019-08-02&rft.aulast=North&rft.aufirst=Anna&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vox.com%2F2019%2F8%2F2%2F20692327%2Fsex-work-decriminalization-prostitution-new-york-dc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuman+sexuality" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-166"><a href="#cite_ref-166">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iwgonline.org/sexuality/">"Religion and Sexuality"</a>. 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Retrieved 3 July 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=religioustolerance.org&rft.atitle=Two+Definitions+and+Six+Interpretations&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.religioustolerance.org%2Fhom6beli.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuman+sexuality" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tolerance222-168">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Tolerance222_168-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tolerance222_168-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.religioustolerance.org/hom7beli.htm">"Subdividing Two Extreme Belief Systems About Homosexuality into Six Discrete Viewpoints"</a>. religioustolerance.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200923134946/https://www.religioustolerance.org/hom7beli.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 23 September 2020. 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Columbia University Press. pp. 51, 67, 78. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-231-51004-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-231-51004-2"><bdi>978-0-231-51004-2</bdi></a>. 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Knopf Doubleday. pp. xvii–xix. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-307-80735-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-307-80735-9"><bdi>978-0-307-80735-9</bdi></a>. Retrieved 3 March 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Adam%2C+Eve%2C+and+the+Serpent%3A+Sex+and+Politics+in+Early+Christianity&rft.pages=xvii-xix&rft.pub=Knopf+Doubleday&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-307-80735-9&rft.aulast=Pagels&rft.aufirst=Elaine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dbtufm2vXzpEC%26pg%3DPR17&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuman+sexuality" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wiesner-Hanks2000-173"><a href="#cite_ref-Wiesner-Hanks2000_173-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWiesner-Hanks2000" class="citation book cs1">Wiesner-Hanks, Merry E. (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=4v1zuZF-te0C&pg=PA1">Christianity and Sexuality in the Early Modern World: Regulating Desire, Reforming Practice</a>. Psychology Press. p. 10. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-14434-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-14434-6"><bdi>978-0-415-14434-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Christianity+and+Sexuality+in+the+Early+Modern+World%3A+Regulating+Desire%2C+Reforming+Practice&rft.pages=10&rft.pub=Psychology+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-415-14434-6&rft.aulast=Wiesner-Hanks&rft.aufirst=Merry+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D4v1zuZF-te0C%26pg%3DPA1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuman+sexuality" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-174"><a href="#cite_ref-174">^</a> Second Vatican Council, Pastoral Constitution on the Church in the World of Today, no. 49: AAS 58 (1966), 1070 </li> <li id="cite_note-175"><a href="#cite_ref-175">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/en/encyclicals/documents/hf_p-vi_enc_25071968_humanae-vitae.html">"Humanae Vitae paragraph 12"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211214182959/https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/en/encyclicals/documents/hf_p-vi_enc_25071968_humanae-vitae.html">Archived</a> from the original on 14 December 2021. Retrieved 11 December 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Humanae+Vitae+paragraph+12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vatican.va%2Fcontent%2Fpaul-vi%2Fen%2Fencyclicals%2Fdocuments%2Fhf_p-vi_enc_25071968_humanae-vitae.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuman+sexuality" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-176"><a href="#cite_ref-176">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usccb.org/issues-and-action/marriage-and-family/natural-family-planning/catholic-teaching/upload/Unitive-and-Proc-Nature-of-Interc.pdf">"Unitive And procreative nature of intercourse"</a> (PDF). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211211222120/https://www.usccb.org/issues-and-action/marriage-and-family/natural-family-planning/catholic-teaching/upload/Unitive-and-Proc-Nature-of-Interc.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 11 December 2021. Retrieved 11 December 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Unitive+And+procreative+nature+of+intercourse&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usccb.org%2Fissues-and-action%2Fmarriage-and-family%2Fnatural-family-planning%2Fcatholic-teaching%2Fupload%2FUnitive-and-Proc-Nature-of-Interc.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuman+sexuality" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-177"><a href="#cite_ref-177">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vatican.va/content/dam/francesco/pdf/apost_exhortations/documents/papa-francesco_esortazione-ap_20160319_amoris-laetitia_en.pdf">"Amoris laetitia paragraph 2"</a> (PDF). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160408201037/http://w2.vatican.va/content/dam/francesco/pdf/apost_exhortations/documents/papa-francesco_esortazione-ap_20160319_amoris-laetitia_en.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 8 April 2016. Retrieved 11 December 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Amoris+laetitia+paragraph+2&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vatican.va%2Fcontent%2Fdam%2Ffrancesco%2Fpdf%2Fapost_exhortations%2Fdocuments%2Fpapa-francesco_esortazione-ap_20160319_amoris-laetitia_en.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuman+sexuality" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-178"><a href="#cite_ref-178">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vatican.va/content/dam/francesco/pdf/apost_exhortations/documents/papa-francesco_esortazione-ap_20160319_amoris-laetitia_en.pdf">"Amoris laetitia paragraph 3"</a> (PDF). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160408201037/http://w2.vatican.va/content/dam/francesco/pdf/apost_exhortations/documents/papa-francesco_esortazione-ap_20160319_amoris-laetitia_en.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 8 April 2016. Retrieved 11 December 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Amoris+laetitia+paragraph+3&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vatican.va%2Fcontent%2Fdam%2Ffrancesco%2Fpdf%2Fapost_exhortations%2Fdocuments%2Fpapa-francesco_esortazione-ap_20160319_amoris-laetitia_en.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuman+sexuality" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-179"><a href="#cite_ref-179">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vatican.va/content/dam/francesco/pdf/apost_exhortations/documents/papa-francesco_esortazione-ap_20160319_amoris-laetitia_en.pdf">"Amoris laetitia paragraph 37"</a> (PDF). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160408201037/http://w2.vatican.va/content/dam/francesco/pdf/apost_exhortations/documents/papa-francesco_esortazione-ap_20160319_amoris-laetitia_en.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 8 April 2016. Retrieved 11 December 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Amoris+laetitia+paragraph+37&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vatican.va%2Fcontent%2Fdam%2Ffrancesco%2Fpdf%2Fapost_exhortations%2Fdocuments%2Fpapa-francesco_esortazione-ap_20160319_amoris-laetitia_en.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuman+sexuality" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-180"><a href="#cite_ref-180">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vatican.va/archive/ccc_css/archive/catechism/p3s2c2a6.htm">"Catechism of the Catholic Church: The Sixth Commandment"</a>. vatican.va. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130813092321/https://www.vatican.va/archive/ccc_css/archive/catechism/p3s2c2a6.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 13 August 2013. Retrieved 3 July 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=vatican.va&rft.atitle=Catechism+of+the+Catholic+Church%3A+The+Sixth+Commandment&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vatican.va%2Farchive%2Fccc_css%2Farchive%2Fcatechism%2Fp3s2c2a6.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuman+sexuality" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-181"><a href="#cite_ref-181">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/en/encyclicals/documents/hf_p-vi_enc_25071968_humanae-vitae.html">"Humanae Vitae paragraph 10"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211214182959/https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/en/encyclicals/documents/hf_p-vi_enc_25071968_humanae-vitae.html">Archived</a> from the original on 14 December 2021. Retrieved 11 December 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Humanae+Vitae+paragraph+10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vatican.va%2Fcontent%2Fpaul-vi%2Fen%2Fencyclicals%2Fdocuments%2Fhf_p-vi_enc_25071968_humanae-vitae.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuman+sexuality" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-182"><a href="#cite_ref-182">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.anglicancommunion.org/resources/document-library/lambeth-conference/1998/section-i-called-to-full-humanity/section-i10-human-sexuality">"Section I.10 – Human Sexuality"</a>. anglicancommunion.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201111195058/https://www.anglicancommunion.org/resources/document-library/lambeth-conference/1998/section-i-called-to-full-humanity/section-i10-human-sexuality">Archived</a> from the original on 11 November 2020. 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Siker, Homosexuality and Religion: An Encyclopedia, Greenwood Publishing Group, US, 2007, p. 112 </li> <li id="cite_note-190"><a href="#cite_ref-190">^</a> William Henard, Adam Greenway, Evangelicals Engaging Emergent, B&H Publishing Group, US, 2009, p. 20 </li> <li id="cite_note-191"><a href="#cite_ref-191">^</a> Erik Eckholm, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2011/03/22/us/22pastor.html">In the Beginning Unmarried Pastor, Seeking a Job, Sees Bias</a>, nytimes.com, USA, March 21, 2011 </li> <li id="cite_note-192"><a href="#cite_ref-192">^</a> Thomas Reese, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncronline.org/opinion/signs-times/what-catholics-and-southern-baptists-can-learn-each-other-about-sex-abuse">What Catholics and Southern Baptists can learn from each other about sex abuse crisis</a>, ncronline.org, USA, February 18, 2019 </li> <li id="cite_note-193"><a href="#cite_ref-193">^</a> Zachary Wagner, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.christianitytoday.com/ct/2023/july-august/wagner-purity-culture-non-toxic-masculinity.html">In Search of Non-Toxic Male Sexuality</a>, christianitytoday.com, USA, June 12, 2023 </li> <li id="cite_note-194"><a href="#cite_ref-194">^</a> Steve Tracy, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.christianitytoday.com/ct/2000/july10/2.37.html">Sex and the Single Christian</a>, christianitytoday.com, USA, July 7, 2000 </li> <li id="cite_note-195"><a href="#cite_ref-195">^</a> Pieter Valk, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.christianitytoday.com/ct/2020/november-web-only/valk-case-for-vocational-singleness.html">The Case for Vocational Singleness</a>, christianitytoday.com, USA, November 25, 2020 </li> <li id="cite_note-196"><a href="#cite_ref-196">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchachtLayishShahamAnsari2012" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Schacht, J.; Layish, A.; Shaham, R.; Ansari, Ghaus; Otto, J. M.; Pompe, S.; Knappert, J.; Boyd, Jean (2012). "Nikāḥ". In Bearman, P.; Bianquis, Th.; Bosworth, C. E.; van Donzel, E.; Heinrichs, W. P. (eds.). Encyclopaedia of Islam (2nd ed.). 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GCSE BBC Bitesize. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180816202039/http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/rs/relationships/isloveandsexrev1.shtml">Archived</a> from the original on 16 August 2018. 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Retrieved 23 September 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Telegraph.co.uk&rft.atitle=Sex%3A+What+Muslim+women+really+want+in+the+bedroom&rft.date=2013-05-02&rft.aulast=Janmohamed&rft.aufirst=Shelina&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fwomen%2Fsex%2F10031095%2FSex-What-Muslim-women-really-want-in-the-bedroom.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuman+sexuality" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-200"><a href="#cite_ref-200">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140131225017/http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/rs/relationships/hiloveandsexrev1.shtml">"GCSE Bitesize: Hindu views"</a>. BBC. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/rs/relationships/hiloveandsexrev1.shtml">the original</a> on 31 January 2014. Retrieved 30 June 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=GCSE+Bitesize%3A+Hindu+views&rft.pub=BBC&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fschools%2Fgcsebitesize%2Frs%2Frelationships%2Fhiloveandsexrev1.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuman+sexuality" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-201"><a href="#cite_ref-201">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://indrasinha.com/kama-sutra/">Common misconceptions about Kama Sutra.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101123190630/http://indrasinha.com/kama-sutra/">Archived</a> 23 November 2010 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> "The Kama Sutra is neither exclusively a sex manual nor, as also commonly used art, a sacred or religious work. It is certainly not a <a href="/wiki/Tantra" title="Tantra">tantric</a> text. In opening with a discussion of the three aims of ancient Hindu life—<a href="/wiki/Dharma" title="Dharma">dharma</a>, <a href="/wiki/Artha" title="Artha">artha</a> and kama—<a href="/wiki/V%C4%81tsy%C4%81yana" title="Vātsyāyana">Vatsyayana's</a> purpose is to set kama, or enjoyment of the senses, in context. Thus dharma or virtuous living is the highest aim, artha, the amassing of wealth is next, and kama is the least of three." —<a href="/wiki/Indra_Sinha" title="Indra Sinha">Indra Sinha</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-202"><a href="#cite_ref-202">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarroll2009" class="citation book cs1">Carroll, Janell (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=5f8mQx7ULs4C&pg=PA7">Sexuality Now: Embracing Diversity</a>. 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GCSE BBC Bitesize. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201116145033/https://ahcaf.com/sikhism-beliefs-about-love-and-sex/">Archived</a> from the original on 16 November 2020. Retrieved 3 July 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sikhism%3A+beliefs+about+love+and+sex&rft.pub=GCSE+BBC+Bitesize&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fahcaf.com%2Fsikhism-beliefs-about-love-and-sex%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuman+sexuality" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Human_sexuality&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section: Further reading">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDurham2012" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Meenakshi_Gigi_Durham" title="Meenakshi Gigi Durham">Durham, Meenakshi G.</a> (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://clas.uiowa.edu/gwss/news-events/durham-and-waters-freyer-awarded-ahi-grants-2012-13">TechnoSex: technologies of the body, mediated corporealities, and the quest for the sexual self</a>. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=TechnoSex%3A+technologies+of+the+body%2C+mediated+corporealities%2C+and+the+quest+for+the+sexual+self&rft.place=Ann+Arbor&rft.pub=University+of+Michigan+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.aulast=Durham&rft.aufirst=Meenakshi+G.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fclas.uiowa.edu%2Fgwss%2Fnews-events%2Fdurham-and-waters-freyer-awarded-ahi-grants-2012-13&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuman+sexuality" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEmberEscobarRossen2019" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Carol_R._Ember" title="Carol R. Ember">Ember, Carol R.</a>; Escobar, Milagro; Rossen, Noah (26 September 2019). <a href="/wiki/Carol_R._Ember" title="Carol R. Ember">C. R. Ember</a> (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hraf.yale.edu/ehc/summaries/sexuality">"Sexuality"</a>. HRAF: Explaining Human Culture. Retrieved 28 May 2020. <q>Sexual reproduction is part of the biological nature of humans, so it may be surprising how much sexuality varies cross-culturally. Indeed, societies vary considerably in the degree to which they encourage, discourage, or even appear to fear heterosexual sex at different life stages and in varying circumstances.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=HRAF%3A+Explaining+Human+Culture&rft.atitle=Sexuality&rft.date=2019-09-26&rft.aulast=Ember&rft.aufirst=Carol+R.&rft.au=Escobar%2C+Milagro&rft.au=Rossen%2C+Noah&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhraf.yale.edu%2Fehc%2Fsummaries%2Fsexuality&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuman+sexuality" class="Z3988"></li> <li>Gregersen, E. (1982). Sexual Practices: The Story of Human Sexuality. New York: F. Watts.</li> <li>Lyons, Andrew P. & Harriet D., eds. Sexualities in Anthropology: a reader. Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell, 2011 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-4051-9054-X" title="Special:BookSources/1-4051-9054-X">1-4051-9054-X</a></li> <li>Richardson, Niall; Smith, Clarissa & Werndly, Angela (2013) Studying Sexualities: Theories, Representations, Cultures. London: Palgrave Macmillan</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Soble" title="Alan Soble">Soble, Alan</a> (ed.). Sex from Plato to Paglia: A Philosophical Encyclopedia, 2 volumes. Greenwood Press, 2006.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWood2003" class="citation journal cs1">Wood, H. Sex (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fnrn1044">"Sex cells"</a>. Nature Reviews Neuroscience (News report). 4 (2): 88. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fnrn1044">10.1038/nrn1044</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:35928534">35928534</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature+Reviews+Neuroscience&rft.atitle=Sex+cells&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=88&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fnrn1044&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A35928534%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Wood&rft.aufirst=H.+Sex&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1038%252Fnrn1044&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuman+sexuality" class="Z3988"> Lay summary of primary source appearing from the University of Calgary, in Science, on prolactin release during sexual activity in mice, and its possible relationship to stroke therapy.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Human_sexuality&action=edit&section=46" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://digitalcommons.library.tmc.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1123&context=childrenatrisk">"Examining the Relationship Between Media Use and Aggression, Sexuality, and Body Image"</a>, Journal of Applied Research on Children: Informing Policy for Children at Risk: Vol. 4: Iss. 1, Article 3.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sexology.it/glossary-of-sexology.html">Glossary of clinical sexology – Glossario di sessuologia clinica</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071010100542/http://www2.hu-berlin.de/sexology/IES/index.html">International Encyclopedia of Sexuality</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060212144108/http://www2.rz.hu-berlin.de/sexology/GESUND/ARCHIV/IES/BEGIN.HTM">full text</a></li> <li>Janssen, D.F., <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060220110820/http://www2.hu-berlin.de/sexology/GESUND/ARCHIV/GUS/INDEXATLAS.HTM">Growing Up Sexually. Volume I. World Reference Atlas</a> [full text]</li> <li>Masters, William H., Virginia E. Johnson, and Robert C. Kolodny. Crisis: Heterosexual Behavior in the Age of AIDS. New York: Grove Press, 1988. ix, 243 p. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8021-1049-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-8021-1049-5">0-8021-1049-5</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120205191708/http://nsrc.sfsu.edu/">National Sexuality Resource Center</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160416215051/http://data360.org/pdf/20070416064139.Global%20Sex%20Survey.pdf">Durex Global Sex Survey 2005</a> at <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160510100720/http://www.data360.org/index.aspx">data360.org</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060213230309/http://db.jhuccp.org/popinform/basic.html">POPLINE</a> is a searchable database of the world's <a href="/wiki/Reproductive_health" class="mw-redirect" title="Reproductive health">reproductive health</a> literature.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080521085828/http://www.kinseyinstitute.org/ccies/">The Continuum Complete International Encyclopedia of Sexuality at the Kinsey Institute</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.educatedearth.net/video.php?id=3940">MRI Video of Human Copulation</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output 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class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Sex_(biology)" title="Template:Sex (biology)"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Sex_(biology)" title="Template talk:Sex (biology)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Sex_(biology)" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Sex (biology)"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Sex" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Sex" title="Sex">Sex</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Biological terms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_dimorphism" title="Sexual dimorphism">Sexual dimorphism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Male" title="Male">Male</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Female" title="Female">Female</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_differentiation" title="Sexual differentiation">Sexual differentiation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Feminization_(biology)" title="Feminization (biology)">Feminization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virilization" title="Virilization">Virilization</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex-determination_system" title="Sex-determination system">Sex-determination system</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/XY_sex-determination_system" title="XY sex-determination system">XY</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZW_sex-determination_system" title="ZW sex-determination system">ZW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XO_sex-determination_system" title="XO sex-determination system">XO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZO_sex-determination_system" title="ZO sex-determination system">ZO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temperature-dependent_sex_determination" title="Temperature-dependent sex determination">Temperature-dependent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haplodiploidy" title="Haplodiploidy">Haplodiploidy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_chromosome" title="Sex chromosome">Sex chromosome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Testis-determining_factor" class="mw-redirect" title="Testis-determining factor">Testis-determining factor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermaphrodite" title="Hermaphrodite">Hermaphrodite</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sequential_hermaphroditism" title="Sequential hermaphroditism">Sequential hermaphroditism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simultaneous_hermaphroditism" title="Simultaneous hermaphroditism">Simultaneous hermaphroditism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersex" title="Intersex">Intersex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parasexual_cycle" title="Parasexual cycle">parasexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_as_a_biological_variable" title="Sex as a biological variable">Sex as a biological variable</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sexual_reproduction" title="Sexual reproduction">Sexual reproduction</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Evolution_of_sexual_reproduction" title="Evolution of sexual reproduction">Evolution of sexual reproduction</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anisogamy" title="Anisogamy">Anisogamy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isogamy" title="Isogamy">Isogamy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germ_cell" title="Germ cell">Germ cell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reproductive_system" title="Reproductive system">Reproductive system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_organ" title="Sex organ">Sex organ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mating" title="Mating">Mating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meiosis" title="Meiosis">Meiosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gametogenesis" title="Gametogenesis">Gametogenesis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spermatogenesis" title="Spermatogenesis">Spermatogenesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oogenesis" title="Oogenesis">Oogenesis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gamete" title="Gamete">Gamete</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spermatozoon" title="Spermatozoon">spermatozoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egg_cell" title="Egg cell">ovum</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fertilisation" title="Fertilisation">Fertilization</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/External_fertilization" title="External fertilization">External</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internal_fertilization" title="Internal fertilization">Internal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_selection" title="Sexual selection">Sexual selection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plant_reproduction" title="Plant reproduction">Plant reproduction</a></li> <li><a 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class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sexuality</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Plant_reproductive_morphology" title="Plant reproductive morphology">Plant sexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_sexual_behaviour" title="Animal sexual behaviour">Animal sexuality</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Human sexuality</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mechanics_of_human_sexuality" title="Mechanics of human sexuality">Mechanics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_differentiation_in_humans" title="Sexual differentiation in humans">Differentiation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_sexual_activity" title="Human sexual activity">Activity</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" 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href="/wiki/Pelvic_thrust" title="Pelvic thrust">Pelvic thrust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erection" title="Erection">Penile erection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pre-ejaculate" title="Pre-ejaculate">Pre-ejaculate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pregnancy" title="Pregnancy">Pregnancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_arousal" title="Sexual arousal">Sexual arousal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_sexual_response_cycle" title="Human sexual response cycle">Sexual response cycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_stimulation" title="Sexual stimulation">Sexual stimulation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaginal_lubrication" title="Vaginal lubrication">Vaginal lubrication</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sexual_and_reproductive_health" title="Sexual and reproductive health">Health</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sex_education" title="Sex education">education</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Birth_control" title="Birth control">Birth control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Condom" title="Condom">Condom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Male_contraceptive" title="Male contraceptive">Male contraceptive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masters_and_Johnson" title="Masters and Johnson">Masters and Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obesity_and_sexuality" title="Obesity and sexuality">Obesity and sexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reproductive_medicine" title="Reproductive medicine">Reproductive medicine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andrology" title="Andrology">Andrology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gynaecology" title="Gynaecology">Gynaecology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urology" title="Urology">Urology</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safe_sex" title="Safe sex">Safe sex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_education" title="Sex education">Sex education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_therapy" title="Sex therapy">Sex therapy</a> (<a href="/wiki/PLISSIT_model" title="PLISSIT model">PLISSIT model</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexology" title="Sexology">Sexology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_dysfunction" title="Sexual dysfunction">Sexual dysfunction</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Erectile_dysfunction" title="Erectile dysfunction">Erectile dysfunction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypersexuality" title="Hypersexuality">Hypersexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypoactive_sexual_desire_disorder" title="Hypoactive sexual desire disorder">Hyposexuality</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_medicine" title="Sexual medicine">Sexual medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_surrogate" class="mw-redirect" title="Sexual surrogate">Sexual surrogate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexually_transmitted_infection" title="Sexually transmitted infection">Sexually transmitted infection</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Identity_(social_science)" title="Identity (social science)">Identity</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sexual_diversity" title="Sexual diversity">diversity</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gender_binary" title="Gender binary">Gender binary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_identity" title="Gender identity">Gender identity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Men_who_have_sex_with_men" title="Men who have sex with men">Men who have sex with men</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_identity" title="Sexual identity">Sexual identity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_orientation" title="Sexual orientation">Sexual orientation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_who_have_sex_with_women" title="Women who have sex with women">Women who have sex with women</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sex_and_the_law" title="Sex and the law">Law</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Age_of_consent" title="Age of consent">Age of consent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criminal_transmission_of_HIV" title="Criminal transmission of HIV">Criminal transmission of HIV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_sexual_abuse" title="Child sexual abuse">Child sexual abuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Incest" title="Incest">Incest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indecent_exposure" title="Indecent exposure">Indecent exposure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obscenity" title="Obscenity">Obscenity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_abuse" title="Sexual abuse">Sexual abuse</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cybersex_trafficking" title="Cybersex trafficking">Cybersex trafficking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rape" title="Rape">Rape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_trafficking" title="Sex trafficking">Sex trafficking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_assault" title="Sexual assault">Sexual assault</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_harassment" title="Sexual harassment">Sexual harassment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_misconduct" title="Sexual misconduct">Sexual misconduct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_slavery" title="Sexual slavery">Sexual slavery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_violence" title="Sexual violence">Sexual violence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revenge_pornography" class="mw-redirect" title="Revenge pornography">Revenge pornography</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_human_sexuality" title="History of human sexuality">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Movie" title="Blue Movie">Blue Movie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counterculture_of_the_1960s" title="Counterculture of the 1960s">Counterculture of the 1960s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_sex_wars" title="Feminist sex wars">Feminist sex wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Age_of_Porn" title="Golden Age of Porn">Golden Age of Porn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_erotic_depictions" title="History of erotic depictions">History of erotic depictions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_revolution" title="Sexual revolution">Sexual revolution</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Intimate_relationship" title="Intimate relationship">Relationships</a> and <a href="/wiki/Society" title="Society">society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_and_issues_related_to_love_and_sex" title="Anarchism and issues related to love and sex">Anarchism and love/sex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extramarital_sex" title="Extramarital sex">Extramarital sex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_planning" title="Family planning">Family planning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flirting" title="Flirting">Flirting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_love" title="Free love">Free love</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marriage" title="Marriage">Marriage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modesty" title="Modesty">Modesty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orgasm_gap" title="Orgasm gap">Orgasm gap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polyamory" title="Polyamory">Polyamory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Premarital_sex" title="Premarital sex">Premarital sex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Promiscuity" title="Promiscuity">Promiscuity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romance_(love)" title="Romance (love)">Romance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex-positive_movement" title="Sex-positive movement">Sex-positive movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_abstinence" title="Sexual abstinence">Sexual abstinence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_addiction" title="Sexual addiction">Sexual addiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_attraction" title="Sexual attraction">Sexual attraction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_capital" title="Sexual capital">Sexual capital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_ethics" title="Sexual ethics">Sexual ethics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_objectification" title="Sexual objectification">Sexual objectification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_repression" title="Sexual repression">Sexual repression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_slang" title="Sexual slang">Sexual slang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Split_attraction_model" title="Split attraction model">Split attraction model</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Sexuality_by_country" title="Category:Sexuality by country">By country</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sexuality_in_ancient_Rome" title="Sexuality in ancient Rome">Ancient Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexuality_in_China" title="Sexuality in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexuality_in_India" title="Sexuality in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexuality_in_Japan" title="Sexuality in Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexuality_in_the_Philippines" title="Sexuality in the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexuality_in_South_Korea" title="Sexuality in South Korea">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexuality_in_the_United_States" title="Sexuality in the United States">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Human_sexual_activity" title="Human sexual activity">Sexual activities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conventional_sex" title="Conventional sex">Conventional sex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anal_sex" title="Anal sex">Anal sex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bareback_(sexual_act)" title="Bareback (sexual act)">Bareback</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BDSM" title="BDSM">BDSM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_sexuality" title="Child sexuality">Child sex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creampie_(sexual_act)" title="Creampie (sexual act)">Creampie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edging_(sexual_practice)" title="Edging (sexual practice)">Edging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erotic_sexual_denial" title="Erotic sexual denial">Erotic sexual denial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Facial_(sexual_act)" title="Facial (sexual act)">Facial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_fetishism" title="Sexual fetishism">Fetishism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fisting" title="Fisting">Fisting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foot_fetishism" title="Foot fetishism">Foot fetishism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Footjob" title="Footjob">Footjob</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forced_orgasm" title="Forced orgasm">Forced orgasm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frot" title="Frot">Frot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gang_bang" title="Gang bang">Gang bang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Group_sex" title="Group sex">Group sex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mammary_intercourse" title="Mammary intercourse">Mammary intercourse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-penetrative_sex#Manual_sex" title="Non-penetrative sex">Manual sex</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fingering_(sexual_act)#Anus" title="Fingering (sexual act)">Anal fingering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fingering_(sexual_act)" title="Fingering (sexual act)">Fingering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Handjob" title="Handjob">Handjob</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masturbation" title="Masturbation">Masturbation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mechanics_of_human_sexuality" title="Mechanics of human sexuality">Mechanics of sex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nipple_stimulation" title="Nipple stimulation">Nipple stimulation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-penetrative_sex" title="Non-penetrative sex">Non-penetrative sex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oral_sex" title="Oral sex">Oral sex</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/69_(sex_position)" title="69 (sex position)">69</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anilingus" title="Anilingus">Anilingus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cunnilingus" title="Cunnilingus">Cunnilingus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fellatio" title="Fellatio">Fellatio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irrumatio" title="Irrumatio">Irrumatio</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paraphilia" title="Paraphilia">Paraphilia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pompoir" title="Pompoir">Pompoir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quickie_(sex)" class="mw-redirect" title="Quickie (sex)">Quickie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexercise" title="Sexercise">Sexercise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_in_space" title="Sex in space">Sex in space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_position" title="Sex position">Sex positions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_fantasy" title="Sexual fantasy">Sexual fantasy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_fetishism" title="Sexual fetishism">Sexual fetishism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_intercourse" title="Sexual intercourse">Sexual intercourse</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Foreplay" title="Foreplay">Foreplay</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_penetration" title="Sexual penetration">Sexual penetration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sumata" class="mw-redirect" title="Sumata">Sumata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swinging_(sexual_practice)" title="Swinging (sexual practice)">Swinging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tribadism" title="Tribadism">Tribadism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urethral_intercourse" title="Urethral intercourse">Urethral intercourse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urolagnia" title="Urolagnia">Urolagnia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_sex" title="Virtual sex">Virtual sex</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cybersex" title="Cybersex">Cybersex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erotic_talk" title="Erotic talk">Erotic talk</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wet_T-shirt_contest" title="Wet T-shirt contest">Wet T-shirt contest</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sex_industry" title="Sex industry">Sex industry</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sex_and_nudity_in_video_games" class="mw-redirect" title="Sex and nudity in video games">Adult video games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erotica" title="Erotica">Erotica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pornography" title="Pornography">Pornography</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pornographic_film_actor" title="Pornographic film actor">Film actor</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostitution" title="Prostitution">Prostitution</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sacred_prostitution" title="Sacred prostitution">Sacred</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Survival_sex" title="Survival sex">Survival sex</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red-light_district" title="Red-light district">Red-light district</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sex_museums" title="List of sex museums">Sex museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_shop" title="Sex shop">Sex shop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_tourism" title="Sex tourism">Sex tourism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Child_sex_tourism" title="Child sex tourism">Child</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Female_sex_tourism" title="Female sex tourism">Female</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_worker" title="Sex worker">Sex worker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_toy" title="Sex toy">Sex toy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sex_doll" title="Sex doll">Doll</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strip_club" title="Strip club">Strip club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Webcam_model" title="Webcam model">Webcam model</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Religion_and_sexuality" title="Religion and sexuality">Religion and sexuality</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_and_sexuality" title="Buddhism and sexuality">Buddhism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hinduism_and_sexuality" class="mw-redirect" title="Hinduism and sexuality">Hinduism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tantric_sex" title="Tantric sex">Tantric sex</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexuality_in_Christian_demonology" title="Sexuality in Christian demonology">Christian demonology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clerical_celibacy" title="Clerical celibacy">Clerical celibacy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_monasticism" title="Buddhist monasticism">Buddhist monasticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clerical_celibacy_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Clerical celibacy in the Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matha" title="Matha">Hindu monasticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jain_monasticism" title="Jain monasticism">Jain monasticism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taoist_sexual_practices" title="Taoist sexual practices">Daoism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_sexual_jurisprudence" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic sexual jurisprudence">Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judaism_and_sexuality" title="Judaism and sexuality">Judaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_and_LGBT_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion and LGBT people">LGBT people</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT-affirming_religious_groups" title="LGBT-affirming religious groups">LGBT-affirming religious groups</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexuality_and_Mormonism" class="mw-redirect" title="Sexuality and Mormonism">Mormonism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacred_prostitution" title="Sacred prostitution">Sacred prostitution</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sacred_prostitution_in_ancient_Greece" title="Sacred prostitution in ancient Greece">Ancient Greece</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thelema" title="Thelema">Thelema</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sex_magic" title="Sex magic">Sex magic</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/File:Bisexuality_symbol_(bold,_color).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Bisexuality_symbol_%28bold%2C_color%29.svg/16px-Bisexuality_symbol_%28bold%2C_color%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Bisexuality_symbol_%28bold%2C_color%29.svg/24px-Bisexuality_symbol_%28bold%2C_color%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Bisexuality_symbol_%28bold%2C_color%29.svg/32px-Bisexuality_symbol_%28bold%2C_color%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="25" data-file-height="16" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Human_sexuality" title="Portal:Human sexuality">Human sexuality portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Human_sexuality_and_sexology" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Human_sexuality" title="Template:Human sexuality"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Human_sexuality" title="Template talk:Human sexuality"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Human_sexuality" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Human sexuality"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Human_sexuality_and_sexology" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Human sexuality</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sexology" title="Sexology">sexology</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Sexual_relationship" class="mw-redirect" title="Sexual relationship">Sexual relationship</a> phenomena</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aromanticism" title="Aromanticism">Aromanticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asexuality" title="Asexuality">Asexuality</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gray_asexuality" title="Gray asexuality">Gray asexuality</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Demisexuality" title="Demisexuality">Demisexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fictosexuality" title="Fictosexuality">Fictosexuality</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bisexuality" title="Bisexuality">Bisexuality</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pansexuality" title="Pansexuality">Pansexuality</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casual_dating" title="Casual dating">Casual relationship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casual_sex" title="Casual sex">Casual sex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celibacy" title="Celibacy">Celibacy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Love_shyness" class="mw-redirect" title="Love shyness">Love shyness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celibacy_syndrome" title="Celibacy syndrome">Celibacy syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbivore_men" title="Herbivore men">Herbivore men</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Committed_relationship" title="Committed relationship">Committed relationship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conventional_sex" title="Conventional sex">Conventional sex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flirting" title="Flirting">Flirting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_love" title="Free love">Free love</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreplay" title="Foreplay">Foreplay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friends_with_benefits_relationships" class="mw-redirect" title="Friends with benefits relationships">Friends with benefits relationships</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Group_sex" title="Group sex">Group sex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heterosexuality" title="Heterosexuality">Heterosexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homosexuality" title="Homosexuality">Homosexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypersexuality" title="Hypersexuality">Hypersexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT">LGBT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marriage" title="Marriage">Marriage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One-night_stand" title="One-night stand">One-night stand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polyamory" title="Polyamory">Polyamory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Promiscuity" title="Promiscuity">Promiscuity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Female_promiscuity" title="Female promiscuity">Female</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romance_(love)" title="Romance (love)">Romantic love</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Romantic_orientation" title="Romantic orientation">Romantic orientation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queer_heterosexuality" title="Queer heterosexuality">Queer heterosexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_life" title="Sex life">Sex life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_abstinence" title="Sexual abstinence">Sexual abstinence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_orientation" title="Sexual orientation">Sexual orientation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_partner" title="Sexual partner">Sexual partner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_repression" title="Sexual repression">Sexual repression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Single_person" title="Single person">Single person</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Split_attraction_model" title="Split attraction model">Split attraction model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swinging_(sexual_practice)" title="Swinging (sexual practice)">Swinging</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Sexual dynamics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hypergamy" title="Hypergamy">Hypergamy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Physical_attractiveness" title="Physical attractiveness">Physical attractiveness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_attraction" title="Sexual attraction">Sexual attraction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_capital" title="Sexual capital">Sexual capital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_ethics" title="Sexual ethics">Sexual ethics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_frustration" title="Sexual frustration">Sexual frustration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sociosexuality" title="Sociosexuality">Sociosexuality</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Human_female_sexuality" title="Human female sexuality">Human female sexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_male_sexuality" title="Human male sexuality">Human male sexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_to_sexuality" title="Right to sexuality">Right to sexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexecology" title="Sexecology">Sexecology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_addiction" title="Sexual addiction">Sexual addiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_and_reproductive_health_and_rights" title="Sexual and reproductive health and rights">Sexual and reproductive health and rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_Addicts_Anonymous" title="Sex Addicts Anonymous">Sex Addicts Anonymous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_jealousy" title="Sexual jealousy">Sexual jealousy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_norm" title="Sexual norm">Sexual norm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex-positive_feminism" title="Sex-positive feminism">Sex-positive feminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex-positive_movement" title="Sex-positive movement">Sex-positive movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_revolution" title="Sexual revolution">Sexual revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_surrogate" class="mw-redirect" title="Sexual surrogate">Sexual surrogate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanley_v._Georgia" title="Stanley v. Georgia">Stanley v. Georgia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Sexual_ethics" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Sexual_ethics" title="Template:Sexual ethics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Sexual_ethics" title="Template talk:Sexual ethics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Sexual_ethics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Sexual ethics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Sexual_ethics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Sexual_ethics" title="Sexual ethics">Sexual ethics</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Human sexuality</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adolescent_sexuality" title="Adolescent sexuality">Adolescent sexuality</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rainbow_party_(sexuality)" title="Rainbow party (sexuality)">Rainbow party</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adultery" title="Adultery">Adultery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_education" title="Sex education">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_fetishism" title="Sexual fetishism">Fetishism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Incest" title="Incest">Incest</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Laws_regarding_incest" class="mw-redirect" title="Laws regarding incest">law</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infidelity" title="Infidelity">Infidelity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miscegenation" title="Miscegenation">Miscegenation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obesity_and_sexuality" title="Obesity and sexuality">Obesity and sexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_objectification" title="Sexual objectification">Objectification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_orientation" title="Sexual orientation">Orientation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pornography" title="Pornography">Pornography</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gay_pornography" title="Gay pornography">gay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pornography_laws_by_region" title="Pornography laws by region">law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesbian_pornography" class="mw-redirect" title="Lesbian pornography">lesbian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_pornography" class="mw-redirect" title="Women's pornography">women's</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pregnancy" title="Pregnancy">Pregnancy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abortion" title="Abortion">Abortion</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostitution" title="Prostitution">Prostitution</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prostitution_law" title="Prostitution law">law</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reproductive_rights" title="Reproductive rights">Reproductive rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_to_sexuality" title="Right to sexuality">Right to sexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex-positive_feminism" title="Sex-positive feminism">Sex-positive feminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex-positive_movement" title="Sex-positive movement">Sex-positive movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_workers%27_rights" title="Sex workers' rights">Sex workers' rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Survival_sex" title="Survival sex">Survival sex</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Child_sexuality" title="Child sexuality">Child sexuality</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Child_marriage" title="Child marriage">Child marriage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_pornography" title="Child pornography">Child pornography</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Legality_of_child_pornography" title="Legality of child pornography">law</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_prostitution" title="Child prostitution">Child prostitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_sex_tourism" title="Child sex tourism">Child sex tourism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sexual_abuse" title="Sexual abuse">Sexual abuse</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Child-on-child_sexual_abuse" title="Child-on-child sexual abuse">Child-on-child sexual abuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_sexual_abuse" title="Child sexual abuse">Child sexual abuse</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Laws_regarding_child_sexual_abuse" title="Laws regarding child sexual abuse">law</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cybersex_trafficking" title="Cybersex trafficking">Cybersex trafficking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_harassment" title="Sexual harassment">Harassment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rape" title="Rape">Rape</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Laws_regarding_rape" title="Laws regarding rape">law</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_trafficking" title="Sex trafficking">Sex trafficking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_slavery" title="Sexual slavery">Sexual slavery</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Age_of_consent" title="Age of consent">Age of consent</a> (<a href="/wiki/Age_of_consent_reform" title="Age of consent reform">reform</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Age_of_consent_in_Africa" title="Age of consent in Africa">Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Age_of_consent_in_Asia" title="Age of consent in Asia">Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Age_of_consent_in_Europe" title="Age of consent in Europe">Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Age_of_consent_in_North_America" title="Age of consent in North America">North America</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Age_of_consent_in_the_United_States" title="Age of consent in the United States">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Age_of_consent_in_Mexico" title="Age of consent in Mexico">Mexico</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Age_of_consent_in_Oceania" title="Age of consent in Oceania">Oceania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Age_of_consent_in_South_America" title="Age of consent in South America">South America</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/16px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/23px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/31px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Outline_of_sexual_ethics" title="Outline of sexual ethics">Topical outline</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Sexual_urban_legends" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e2e2e2;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Sexual_urban_legends" title="Template:Sexual urban legends"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Sexual_urban_legends" title="Template talk:Sexual urban legends"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Sexual_urban_legends" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Sexual urban legends"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Sexual_urban_legends" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Sexual <a href="/wiki/Urban_legend" title="Urban legend">urban legends</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Donkey_punch" title="Donkey punch">Donkey punch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gel_bracelet#Urban_legend_of_sex_bracelets" title="Gel bracelet">Sex bracelet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerbilling" title="Gerbilling">Gerbilling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progesterex" title="Progesterex">Progesterex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rainbow_party_(sexuality)" title="Rainbow party (sexuality)">Rainbow party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toothing" title="Toothing">Toothing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vagina_dentata" title="Vagina dentata">Vagina dentata</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2" style="background:#e2e2e2;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Human_sexual_activity" title="Human sexual activity">Human sexual behavior</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Human sexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_position" title="Sex position">List of sex positions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_slang" title="Sexual slang">Sexual slang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Evolutionary_psychology" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Evolutionary_psychology" title="Template:Evolutionary psychology"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Evolutionary_psychology" title="Template talk:Evolutionary psychology"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Evolutionary_psychology" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Evolutionary psychology"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Evolutionary_psychology" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Evolutionary_psychology" title="Evolutionary psychology">Evolutionary psychology</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_evolutionary_psychology" title="History of evolutionary psychology">History</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_evolutionary_thought" title="History of evolutionary thought">Evolutionary thought</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theoretical_foundations_of_evolutionary_psychology" title="Theoretical foundations of evolutionary psychology">Theoretical foundations</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adaptationism" title="Adaptationism">Adaptationism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cognitive_revolution" title="Cognitive revolution">Cognitive revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cognitivism_(psychology)" title="Cognitivism (psychology)">Cognitivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gene-centered_view_of_evolution" title="Gene-centered view of evolution">Gene selection theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_synthesis_(20th_century)" title="Modern synthesis (20th century)">Modern synthesis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_evolutionary_psychology" title="Criticism of evolutionary psychology">Criticism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Human_evolution" title="Human evolution">Evolutionary processes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Psychological_adaptation" title="Psychological adaptation">Adaptations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altruism_(biology)" title="Altruism (biology)">Altruism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cheating_(biology)" title="Cheating (biology)">Cheating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamiltonian_spite" title="Hamiltonian spite">Hamiltonian spite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reciprocal_altruism_in_humans" title="Reciprocal altruism in humans">Reciprocal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baldwin_effect" title="Baldwin effect">Baldwin effect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spandrel_(biology)" title="Spandrel (biology)">By-products</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evolutionarily_stable_strategy" title="Evolutionarily stable strategy">Evolutionarily stable strategy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exaptation" title="Exaptation">Exaptation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fitness_(biology)" title="Fitness (biology)">Fitness</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inclusive_fitness_in_humans" title="Inclusive fitness in humans">Inclusive</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kin_selection" title="Kin selection">Kin selection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evolutionary_mismatch" title="Evolutionary mismatch">Mismatch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_selection" title="Natural selection">Natural selection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parental_investment" title="Parental investment">Parental investment</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parent%E2%80%93offspring_conflict" title="Parent–offspring conflict">Parent–offspring conflict</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_selection_in_humans" title="Sexual selection in humans">Sexual selection</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Costly_signaling_theory_in_evolutionary_psychology" title="Costly signaling theory in evolutionary psychology">Costly signaling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Male_intrasexual_competition" title="Male intrasexual competition">Male</a>/<a href="/wiki/Female_intrasexual_competition" title="Female intrasexual competition">female intrasexual competition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mate_choice" title="Mate choice">Mate choice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_dimorphism" title="Sexual dimorphism">Sexual dimorphism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_selection" title="Social selection">Social selection</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;">Areas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Evolution_of_cognition" title="Evolution of cognition">Cognition</a> / <a href="/wiki/Evolution_of_emotion" title="Evolution of emotion">Emotion</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Affect_(psychology)" title="Affect (psychology)">Affect</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Affect_display" title="Affect display">Display</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Display_rules" title="Display rules">Display rules</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Facial_expression" title="Facial expression">Facial expression</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Behavioral_modernity" title="Behavioral modernity">Behavioral modernity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cognitive_module" title="Cognitive module">Cognitive module</a>/<a href="/wiki/Modularity_of_mind" title="Modularity of mind">modularity of mind</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Automatic_and_controlled_processes" title="Automatic and controlled processes">Automatic and controlled processes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computational_theory_of_mind" title="Computational theory of mind">Computational theory of mind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domain-general_learning" title="Domain-general learning">Domain generality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domain_specificity" title="Domain specificity">Domain specificity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dual_process_theory" title="Dual process theory">Dual process theory</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cognitive_tradeoff_hypothesis" title="Cognitive tradeoff hypothesis">Cognitive tradeoff hypothesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evolution_of_the_brain" title="Evolution of the brain">Evolution of the brain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evolution_of_nervous_systems" title="Evolution of nervous systems">Evolution of nervous systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fight-or-flight_response" title="Fight-or-flight response">Fight-or-flight response</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arachnophobia" title="Arachnophobia">Arachnophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fear_of_falling" title="Fear of falling">Basophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ophidiophobia" title="Ophidiophobia">Ophidiophobia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_biology" title="Folk biology">Folk biology</a>/<a href="/wiki/Folk_taxonomy" title="Folk taxonomy">taxonomy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_psychology" title="Folk psychology">Folk psychology</a>/<a href="/wiki/Theory_of_mind" title="Theory of mind">theory of mind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evolution_of_human_intelligence" title="Evolution of human intelligence">Intelligence</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flynn_effect" title="Flynn effect">Flynn effect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wason_selection_task" title="Wason selection task">Wason selection task</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motor_control" title="Motor control">Motor control</a>/<a href="/wiki/Motor_skill" title="Motor skill">skill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_multitasking" title="Human multitasking">Multitasking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neuroscience_of_sleep" title="Neuroscience of sleep">Sleep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visual_perception" title="Visual perception">Visual perception</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Evolution_of_color_vision_in_primates" title="Evolution of color vision in primates">Color vision</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evolution_of_the_eye" title="Evolution of the eye">Eye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Na%C3%AFve_physics" title="Naïve physics">Naïve physics</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Evolutionary_psychology_and_culture" title="Evolutionary psychology and culture">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Evolutionary_aesthetics" title="Evolutionary aesthetics">Aesthetics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Darwinian_literary_studies" title="Darwinian literary studies">Literary criticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evolutionary_musicology" title="Evolutionary musicology">Musicology</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evolutionary_anthropology" title="Evolutionary anthropology">Anthropology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biological_anthropology" title="Biological anthropology">Biological</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biosocial_criminology" title="Biosocial criminology">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evolutionary_linguistics" title="Evolutionary linguistics">Language</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Origin_of_language" title="Origin of language">Origin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evolutionary_psychology_of_language" title="Evolutionary psychology of language">Psychology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Origin_of_speech" title="Origin of speech">Speech</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evolution_of_morality" title="Evolution of morality">Morality</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moral_foundations_theory" title="Moral foundations theory">Moral foundations</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evolutionary_psychology_of_religion" title="Evolutionary psychology of religion">Religion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Evolutionary_origin_of_religions" class="mw-redirect" title="Evolutionary origin of religions">Origin</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_universal" title="Cultural universal">Universals</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Evolutionary_developmental_psychology" title="Evolutionary developmental psychology">Development</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Attachment_theory" title="Attachment theory">Attachment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_bonding" title="Human bonding">Bonding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Affectional_bond" title="Affectional bond">Affectional</a>/<a href="/wiki/Maternal_bond" title="Maternal bond">maternal</a>/<a href="/wiki/Paternal_bond" title="Paternal bond">paternal bond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maternal_deprivation" title="Maternal deprivation">Caregiver deprivation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attachment_in_children" title="Attachment in children">Childhood attachment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinderella_effect" title="Cinderella effect">Cinderella effect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cognitive_development" title="Cognitive development">Cognitive development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evolutionary_educational_psychology" title="Evolutionary educational psychology">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Language_acquisition" title="Language acquisition">Language acquisition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personality_development" title="Personality development">Personality development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialization" title="Socialization">Socialization</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ergonomics" title="Ergonomics">Human factors</a> / <a href="/wiki/Evolutionary_psychiatry" title="Evolutionary psychiatry">Mental health</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cognitive_ergonomics" title="Cognitive ergonomics">Cognitive ergonomics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Computer-mediated_communication" title="Computer-mediated communication">Computer-mediated communication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Engineering_psychology" title="Engineering psychology">Engineering psychology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human%E2%80%93computer_interaction" title="Human–computer interaction">Human–computer interaction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_naturalness_theory" title="Media naturalness theory">Media naturalness theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neuroergonomics" title="Neuroergonomics">Neuroergonomics</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evolutionary_approaches_to_depression" title="Evolutionary approaches to depression">Depression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_media_use_and_mental_health" title="Digital media use and mental health">Digital media use and mental health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Accident-proneness" title="Accident-proneness">Hypophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imprinted_brain_hypothesis" title="Imprinted brain hypothesis">Imprinted brain hypothesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mind-blindness" title="Mind-blindness">Mind-blindness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychological_effects_of_Internet_use" title="Psychological effects of Internet use">Psychological effects of Internet use</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rank_theory_of_depression" title="Rank theory of depression">Rank theory of depression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evolution_of_schizophrenia" title="Evolution of schizophrenia">Schizophrenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Screen_time" title="Screen time">Screen time</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smartphones_and_pedestrian_safety" title="Smartphones and pedestrian safety">Smartphones and pedestrian safety</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_aspects_of_television" title="Social aspects of television">Social aspects of television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Societal_impacts_of_cars" title="Societal impacts of cars">Societal impacts of cars</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Distracted_driving" title="Distracted driving">Distracted driving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lead%E2%80%93crime_hypothesis" title="Lead–crime hypothesis">Lead–crime hypothesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_phones_and_driving_safety" title="Mobile phones and driving safety">Mobile phones and driving safety</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texting_while_driving" title="Texting while driving">Texting while driving</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sexology" title="Sexology">Sex</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Human_sexual_activity" title="Human sexual activity">Activity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attachment_in_adults" title="Attachment in adults">Adult attachment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Age_disparity_in_sexual_relationships" title="Age disparity in sexual relationships">Age disparity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_arousal" title="Sexual arousal">Arousal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concealed_ovulation" title="Concealed ovulation">Concealed ovulation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coolidge_effect" title="Coolidge effect">Coolidge effect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_desire" title="Sexual desire">Desire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_fantasy" title="Sexual fantasy">Fantasy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Effects_of_hormones_on_sexual_motivation" title="Effects of hormones on sexual motivation">Hormonal motivation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_jealousy" title="Sexual jealousy">Jealousy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mate_guarding_in_humans" title="Mate guarding in humans">Mate guarding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mating_preferences" title="Mating preferences">Mating preferences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_mating_strategies" title="Human mating strategies">Mating strategies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biology_and_sexual_orientation" title="Biology and sexual orientation">Orientation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ovulatory_shift_hypothesis" title="Ovulatory shift hypothesis">Ovulatory shift hypothesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pair_bond" title="Pair bond">Pair bond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Physical_attractiveness" title="Physical attractiveness">Physical</a>/<a href="/wiki/Sexual_attraction" title="Sexual attraction">Sexual attraction</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sexuality</a>/<a href="/wiki/Human_male_sexuality" title="Human male sexuality">male</a>/<a href="/wiki/Human_female_sexuality" title="Human female sexuality">female</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexy_son_hypothesis" title="Sexy son hypothesis">Sexy son hypothesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westermarck_effect" title="Westermarck effect">Westermarck effect</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sex_differences_in_psychology" title="Sex differences in psychology">Sex differences</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aggression" title="Aggression">Aggression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_and_gender_differences_in_autism" title="Sex and gender differences in autism">Autism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_differences_in_cognition" title="Sex differences in cognition">Cognition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_differences_in_crime" title="Sex differences in crime">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_division_of_labour" title="Sexual division of labour">Division of labour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_differences_in_emotional_intelligence" title="Sex differences in emotional intelligence">Emotional intelligence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empathising%E2%80%93systemising_theory" title="Empathising–systemising theory">Empathising–systemising theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_role" title="Gender role">Gender role</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_differences_in_intelligence" title="Sex differences in intelligence">Intelligence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_differences_in_memory" title="Sex differences in memory">Memory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mental_disorders_and_gender" title="Mental disorders and gender">Mental health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_differences_in_narcissism" title="Sex differences in narcissism">Narcissism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neuroscience_of_sex_differences" title="Neuroscience of sex differences">Neuroscience</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_differences_in_schizophrenia" title="Sex differences in schizophrenia">Schizophrenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Substance_abuse" title="Substance abuse">Substance abuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_differences_in_suicide" title="Gender differences in suicide">Suicide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Variability_hypothesis" title="Variability hypothesis">Variability hypothesis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;">Related subjects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academic disciplines</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Behavioral_economics" title="Behavioral economics">Behavioral</a>/<a href="/wiki/Evolutionary_economics" title="Evolutionary economics">evolutionary economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Behavioral_epigenetics" title="Behavioral epigenetics">Behavioral epigenetics</a>/<a href="/wiki/Behavioural_genetics" title="Behavioural genetics">genetics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Affective_neuroscience" title="Affective neuroscience">Affective</a>/<a href="/wiki/Behavioral_neuroscience" title="Behavioral neuroscience">behavioral</a>/<a href="/wiki/Cognitive_neuroscience" title="Cognitive neuroscience">cognitive</a>/<a href="/wiki/Evolutionary_neuroscience" title="Evolutionary neuroscience">evolutionary neuroscience</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biocultural_anthropology" title="Biocultural anthropology">Biocultural anthropology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biological_psychiatry" title="Biological psychiatry">Biological psychiatry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cognitive_psychology" title="Cognitive psychology">Cognitive psychology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cognitive_science" title="Cognitive science">Cognitive science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cross-cultural_psychology" title="Cross-cultural psychology">Cross-cultural psychology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethology" title="Ethology">Ethology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evolutionary_biology" title="Evolutionary biology">Evolutionary biology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evolutionary_medicine" title="Evolutionary medicine">Evolutionary medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Functional_psychology" title="Functional psychology">Functional psychology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neuropsychology" title="Neuropsychology">Neuropsychology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosophy_of_mind" title="Philosophy of mind">Philosophy of mind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Population_genetics" title="Population genetics">Population genetics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Primatology" title="Primatology">Primatology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sociobiology" title="Sociobiology">Sociobiology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Research topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_evolution" title="Cultural evolution">Cultural evolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evolutionary_epistemology" title="Evolutionary epistemology">Evolutionary epistemology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_ape_language" title="Great ape language">Great ape language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human%E2%80%93animal_communication" title="Human–animal communication">Human–animal communication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missing_heritability_problem" title="Missing heritability problem">Missing heritability problem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Primate_cognition" title="Primate cognition">Primate cognition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unit_of_selection" title="Unit of selection">Unit of selection</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coevolution" title="Coevolution">Coevolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_group_selection" title="Cultural group selection">Cultural group selection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dual_inheritance_theory" title="Dual inheritance theory">Dual inheritance theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fisher%27s_principle" title="Fisher's principle">Fisher's principle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Group_selection" title="Group selection">Group selection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hologenome_theory_of_evolution" title="Hologenome theory of evolution">Hologenome theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamarckism" title="Lamarckism">Lamarckism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Population" title="Population">Population</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punctuated_equilibrium" title="Punctuated equilibrium">Punctuated equilibrium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recent_human_evolution" title="Recent human evolution">Recent human evolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Species" title="Species">Species</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Species_complex" title="Species complex">Species complex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgenerational_epigenetic_inheritance" title="Transgenerational epigenetic inheritance">Transgenerational epigenetic inheritance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trivers%E2%80%93Willard_hypothesis" title="Trivers–Willard hypothesis">Trivers–Willard hypothesis</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Theoretical positions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_selection_theory" title="Cultural selection theory">Cultural selection theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Determinism" title="Determinism">Determinism</a>/<a href="/wiki/Indeterminism" title="Indeterminism">indeterminism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biological_determinism" title="Biological determinism">Biological determinism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Connectionism" title="Connectionism">Connectionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_determinism" title="Cultural determinism">Cultural determinism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_determinism" title="Environmental determinism">Environmental determinism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nature_versus_nurture" title="Nature versus nurture">Nature versus nurture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychological_nativism" title="Psychological nativism">Psychological nativism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_constructionism" title="Social constructionism">Social constructionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_determinism" title="Social determinism">Social determinism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standard_social_science_model" title="Standard social science model">Standard social science model</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Functionalism_(philosophy_of_mind)" title="Functionalism (philosophy of mind)">Functionalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memetics" title="Memetics">Memetics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multilineal_evolution" title="Multilineal evolution">Multilineal evolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Darwinism" title="Neo-Darwinism">Neo-Darwinism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neoevolutionism" title="Neoevolutionism">Neoevolutionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sociocultural_evolution" title="Sociocultural evolution">Sociocultural evolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unilineal_evolution" title="Unilineal evolution">Unilineal evolution</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_evolutionary_psychologists" title="List of evolutionary psychologists">Evolutionary psychologists</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, 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