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<span>Toggle Newspapers, magazines, online offerings subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Newspapers,_magazines,_online_offerings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-BILD" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#BILD"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>BILD</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-BILD-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-WELT" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#WELT"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>WELT</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-WELT-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Multinational_media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Multinational_media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Multinational media</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Multinational_media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Other</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Classifieds" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Classifieds"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Classifieds</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Classifieds-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ringier_Axel_Springer_Poland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ringier_Axel_Springer_Poland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>Ringier Axel Springer Poland</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ringier_Axel_Springer_Poland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Marketing_Media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Marketing_Media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7</span> <span>Marketing Media</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Marketing_Media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-1940s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1940s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>1940s</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1940s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1950s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1950s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>1950s</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1950s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1960s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1960s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>1960s</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1960s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1970s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1970s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>1970s</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1970s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1980s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1980s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>1980s</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1980s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1990s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1990s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>1990s</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1990s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2000–present" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2000–present"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span>2000–present</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2000–present-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Acquisitions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Acquisitions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Acquisitions</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Acquisitions-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Acquisitions subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Acquisitions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Business_Insider" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Business_Insider"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Business Insider</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Business_Insider-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Morning_Brew" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Morning_Brew"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Morning Brew</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Morning_Brew-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Politico" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politico"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Politico</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Politico-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Former_acquisitions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Former_acquisitions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Former acquisitions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Former_acquisitions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Criticism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Criticism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Criticism</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Criticism-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Criticism subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Criticism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Pro-American_editorial_bias_and_alleged_ties_to_US_intelligence_agencies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pro-American_editorial_bias_and_alleged_ties_to_US_intelligence_agencies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Pro-American editorial bias and alleged ties to US intelligence agencies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pro-American_editorial_bias_and_alleged_ties_to_US_intelligence_agencies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Core_Principles_Pledge" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Core_Principles_Pledge"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Core Principles Pledge</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Core_Principles_Pledge-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Accusations_of_editorial_interference_in_Poland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Accusations_of_editorial_interference_in_Poland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Accusations of editorial interference in Poland</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Accusations_of_editorial_interference_in_Poland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Abuse_of_power_and_sexual_harassment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Abuse_of_power_and_sexual_harassment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Abuse of power and sexual harassment</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Abuse_of_power_and_sexual_harassment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Anti-Muslim_and_anti-Palestinian_bias" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Anti-Muslim_and_anti-Palestinian_bias"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>Anti-Muslim and anti-Palestinian bias</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Anti-Muslim_and_anti-Palestinian_bias-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Competitors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Competitors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Competitors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Competitors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Axel Springer SE</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 32 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-32" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">32 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%A9_%D8%A3%D9%83%D8%B3%D9%84_%D8%B4%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%82%D8%B1" title="شركة أكسل شبرينقر – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="شركة أكسل شبرينقر" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axel_Springer_SE" title="Axel Springer SE – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Axel Springer SE" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axel_Springer_SE" title="Axel Springer SE – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Axel Springer SE" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axel_Springer_SE" title="Axel Springer SE – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Axel Springer SE" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axel_Springer_SE" title="Axel Springer SE – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Axel Springer SE" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axel_Springer_(virksomhed)" title="Axel Springer (virksomhed) – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Axel Springer (virksomhed)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axel_Springer_SE" title="Axel Springer SE – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Axel Springer SE" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axel_Springer_SE" title="Axel Springer SE – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Axel Springer SE" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axel_Springer_SE" title="Axel Springer SE – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Axel Springer SE" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axel_Springer_SE" title="Axel Springer SE – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Axel Springer SE" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axel_Springer_SE" title="Axel Springer SE – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Axel Springer SE" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axel_Springer_SE" title="Axel Springer SE – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Axel Springer SE" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%B3%D9%84_%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%BE%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D8%B3.%D8%A7%DB%8C" title="اکسل اشپرینگر اس.ای – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اکسل اشپرینگر اس.ای" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axel_Springer_(entreprise)" title="Axel Springer (entreprise) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Axel Springer (entreprise)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%85%EC%85%80_%EC%8A%A4%ED%94%84%EB%A7%81%EA%B1%B0_AG" title="악셀 스프링거 AG – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="악셀 스프링거 AG" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axel_Springer_SE" title="Axel Springer SE – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Axel Springer SE" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axel_Springer_(azienda)" title="Axel Springer (azienda) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Axel Springer (azienda)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A7%D7%A1%D7%9C_%D7%A9%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%92%D7%A8_(%D7%94%D7%95%D7%A6%D7%90%D7%94_%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A8)" title="אקסל שפרינגר (הוצאה לאור) – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אקסל שפרינגר (הוצאה לאור)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axel_Springer_Verlag" title="Axel Springer Verlag – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Axel Springer Verlag" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axel_Springer_SE" title="Axel Springer SE – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Axel Springer SE" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axel_Springer_SE" title="Axel Springer SE – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Axel Springer SE" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axel_Springer_SE" title="Axel Springer SE – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Axel Springer SE" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axel_Springer_(selskap)" title="Axel Springer (selskap) – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Axel Springer (selskap)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axel_Springer_(przedsi%C4%99biorstwo)" title="Axel Springer (przedsiębiorstwo) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Axel Springer (przedsiębiorstwo)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axel_Springer_SE" title="Axel Springer SE – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Axel Springer SE" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axel_Springer_SE" title="Axel Springer SE – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Axel Springer SE" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a 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id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Large multimedia company in Europe</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the European digital publishing and media company with news publications, magazines, and digital platforms, headquartered in Berlin, Germany. For the German academic publisher, see <a href="/wiki/Springer_Science%2BBusiness_Media" title="Springer Science+Business Media">Springer Science+Business Media</a>. For the American academic publisher, see <a href="/wiki/Springer_Publishing" title="Springer Publishing">Springer Publishing</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1242257876">.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-label{padding-right:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-below{line-height:1.35em}.mw-parser-output .ib-company-logo img{background-color:#f8f9fa}.mw-parser-output .ib-company-locality,.mw-parser-output .ib-company-country{display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-company vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Axel Springer SE</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image ib-company-logo logo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Logo_Axel_Springer_SE.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Logo_Axel_Springer_SE.svg/220px-Logo_Axel_Springer_SE.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Logo_Axel_Springer_SE.svg/330px-Logo_Axel_Springer_SE.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Logo_Axel_Springer_SE.svg/440px-Logo_Axel_Springer_SE.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="100" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image ib-company-logo logo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Berlin,_Kreuzberg,_Rudi-Dutschke-Strasse,_Axel-Springer-Hochhaus.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Berlin%2C_Kreuzberg%2C_Rudi-Dutschke-Strasse%2C_Axel-Springer-Hochhaus.jpg/220px-Berlin%2C_Kreuzberg%2C_Rudi-Dutschke-Strasse%2C_Axel-Springer-Hochhaus.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="210" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Berlin%2C_Kreuzberg%2C_Rudi-Dutschke-Strasse%2C_Axel-Springer-Hochhaus.jpg/330px-Berlin%2C_Kreuzberg%2C_Rudi-Dutschke-Strasse%2C_Axel-Springer-Hochhaus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Berlin%2C_Kreuzberg%2C_Rudi-Dutschke-Strasse%2C_Axel-Springer-Hochhaus.jpg/440px-Berlin%2C_Kreuzberg%2C_Rudi-Dutschke-Strasse%2C_Axel-Springer-Hochhaus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3103" data-file-height="2966" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Headquarters in Berlin</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Company type</th><td class="infobox-data category"><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Societas_Europaea" title="Societas Europaea">Societas Europaea</a></i></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/International_Securities_Identification_Number" title="International Securities Identification Number">ISIN</a></th><td class="infobox-data">DE0005501357 <span class="penicon autoconfirmed-show"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q163560?uselang=en#P946" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Industry</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Publishing" title="Publishing">Publishing</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">1946<span class="noprint">; 78 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1946</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founder</th><td class="infobox-data agent"><a href="/wiki/Axel_Springer" title="Axel Springer">Axel Springer</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="ib-company-locality locality"><a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a></div>, <div class="ib-company-country country-name">Germany</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Key people</div></th><td class="infobox-data agent"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mathias_D%C3%B6pfner" title="Mathias Döpfner">Mathias Döpfner</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Chief_executive_officer" title="Chief executive officer">CEO</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chairman" class="mw-redirect" title="Chairman">chairman</a> of the management board)</span></li><li>Ralph Büchi<br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(chairman of the <a href="/wiki/Supervisory_board" title="Supervisory board">supervisory board</a>)</span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Products</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Magazine" title="Magazine">Magazines</a>, <a href="/wiki/Newspaper" title="Newspaper">newspapers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Web_portal" title="Web portal">online portals</a>, <a href="/wiki/Affiliate_marketing" title="Affiliate marketing">affiliate marketing</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Revenue</th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Euro" title="Euro">€</a>3.11 billion (2019)<sup id="cite_ref-AR2019_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AR2019-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Earnings_before_interest_and_taxes" title="Earnings before interest and taxes">Operating income</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> €414.5 million (2019)<sup id="cite_ref-AR2019_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AR2019-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Net_income" title="Net income">Net income</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> €134.6 million (2019)<sup id="cite_ref-AR2019_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AR2019-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Asset" title="Asset">Total assets</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> €7.08 billion (2019)<sup id="cite_ref-AR2019_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AR2019-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Equity_(finance)" title="Equity (finance)">Total equity</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> €2.45 billion (2019)<sup id="cite_ref-AR2019_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AR2019-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Owners</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kohlberg_Kravis_Roberts" title="Kohlberg Kravis Roberts">KKR</a> (36%)<sup id="cite_ref-owners_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-owners-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li><li><a href="/wiki/Friede_Springer" title="Friede Springer">Friede Springer</a> (22%)<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li><li><a href="/wiki/Mathias_D%C3%B6pfner" title="Mathias Döpfner">Mathias Döpfner</a> (22%)<sup id="cite_ref-owners_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-owners-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li><li><a href="/wiki/CPP_Investment_Board" class="mw-redirect" title="CPP Investment Board">CPPIB</a> (13%)<sup id="cite_ref-owners_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-owners-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Number of employees</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 18,000</span> (2023)<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://axelspringer.com/en/">axelspringer<wbr />.com<wbr />/en<wbr />/</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Axel Springer SE</b> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">German pronunciation:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="de-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Standard_German" title="Help:IPA/Standard German">[ˈaksl̩<span class="wrap"> </span>ˈʃpʁɪŋɐ<span class="wrap"> </span>ɛsˈeː]</a></span>) is a German <a href="/wiki/Multinational_corporation" title="Multinational corporation">multinational</a> <a href="/wiki/Mass_media" title="Mass media">mass</a> and online media company, based in Berlin, Germany. The company offers printing and publishing of advertisements, digital classifieds portfolio, marketing models and related services. Axel Springer's operations are segmented into News Media, Classifieds Media, and Marketing Media. The company is organized as a <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Societas_Europaea" title="Societas Europaea">societas Europaea</a></i></span> (SE) publishing house and is one of the largest mass media publishers in the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a>, with numerous multimedia news <a href="/wiki/Brand" title="Brand">brands</a>, such as <i><a href="/wiki/Bild" title="Bild">Bild</a></i>, <i><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Die_Welt" title="Die Welt">Die Welt</a></i></span></i>, <i><span title="Polish-language text"><i lang="pl"><a href="/wiki/Fakt" title="Fakt">Fakt</a></i></span></i>, and the US political news site <i><a href="/wiki/Politico" title="Politico">Politico</a></i>, which Axel Springer acquired in 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The company generated total revenues of about €3.93 billion and an <a href="/wiki/Earnings_before_interest,_taxes,_depreciation_and_amortization" title="Earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization">EBITDA</a> increase of 12.8% in the first half of 2023.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following US private-equity firm <a href="/wiki/Kohlberg_Kravis_Roberts" title="Kohlberg Kravis Roberts">KKR</a>'s majority-stake acquisition in 2020, Axel Springer’s revenues have increased by a total of approximately €1 billion.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The company, including its subsidiaries, joint ventures, and licenses, operates in more than 40 countries. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Front_entrance_to_Axel_Springer_headquarters_in1977_West_Berlin.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Front_entrance_to_Axel_Springer_headquarters_in1977_West_Berlin.jpg/220px-Front_entrance_to_Axel_Springer_headquarters_in1977_West_Berlin.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Front_entrance_to_Axel_Springer_headquarters_in1977_West_Berlin.jpg/330px-Front_entrance_to_Axel_Springer_headquarters_in1977_West_Berlin.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Front_entrance_to_Axel_Springer_headquarters_in1977_West_Berlin.jpg/440px-Front_entrance_to_Axel_Springer_headquarters_in1977_West_Berlin.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1674" data-file-height="1116" /></a><figcaption>Front entrance to the Axel Springer headquarters building in <a href="/wiki/West_Berlin" title="West Berlin">West Berlin</a>, 1977, with the <a href="/wiki/Fritz_Klimsch" title="Fritz Klimsch">Fritz Klimsch</a> owl sculpture</figcaption></figure> <p>The company was started in 1946 by journalist <a href="/wiki/Axel_Springer" title="Axel Springer">Axel Springer</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Mathias_D%C3%B6pfner" title="Mathias Döpfner">Mathias Döpfner</a> became its CEO in 2002.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2004, Axel Springer company, the largest publishing house in Europe at that time, controlled the largest German market share for daily newspapers; 23.6%, largely because its flagship tabloid <i><a href="/wiki/Bild" title="Bild">Bild</a></i> is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_newspapers_by_circulation" title="List of newspapers by circulation">highest-circulation newspaper</a> in Europe with a daily readership exceeding 12 million.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 2022, the company got 10.6% of the market share in Germany.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>October 2022 data indicates that Axel Springer's BILD brands attract approximately six million unique users daily, totaling up to 40 million unique users per month.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/IVW" class="mw-redirect" title="IVW">IVW</a>'s data from June 2023 shows BILD receiving 504 million monthly visits and WELT achieving 127 million. In the United States, Axel Springer is ranked among the top four digital publishers, alongside USA Today, News Corp, and The New York Times.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Newspapers,_magazines,_online_offerings"><span id="Newspapers.2C_magazines.2C_online_offerings"></span>Newspapers, magazines, online offerings</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Axel_Springer_SE&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Newspapers, magazines, online offerings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hamburg_Axel-Springer-Verlagshaus_01_KMJ.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Hamburg_Axel-Springer-Verlagshaus_01_KMJ.jpg/150px-Hamburg_Axel-Springer-Verlagshaus_01_KMJ.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="202" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Hamburg_Axel-Springer-Verlagshaus_01_KMJ.jpg/225px-Hamburg_Axel-Springer-Verlagshaus_01_KMJ.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Hamburg_Axel-Springer-Verlagshaus_01_KMJ.jpg/300px-Hamburg_Axel-Springer-Verlagshaus_01_KMJ.jpg 2x" data-file-width="768" data-file-height="1034" /></a><figcaption>Axel Springer building in <a href="/wiki/Hamburg" title="Hamburg">Hamburg</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="BILD">BILD</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Axel_Springer_SE&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: BILD"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Audio Video Foto Bild</i>, magazine for consumer electronics</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bild" title="Bild">Bild</a></i>, tabloid with the largest circulation in Europe</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/B.Z._(newspaper)" title="B.Z. (newspaper)">B.Z.</a></i>, local newspaper</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Computer_Bild" title="Computer Bild">Computer Bild</a></i>, published in nine countries, is Europe's best-selling computer magazine</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sport_Bild" title="Sport Bild">Sport Bild</a></i>, published in many countries, is Europe's largest sport magazine</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Transfermarkt" title="Transfermarkt">Transfermarkt</a></i>, a football statistics website</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="WELT">WELT</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Axel_Springer_SE&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: WELT"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Die Welt</i>, the intellectual flagship of the company, including <a href="/wiki/Welt_(TV_channel)" title="Welt (TV channel)">Welt (TV channel)</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Multinational_media">Multinational media</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Axel_Springer_SE&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Multinational media"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Business_Insider" title="Business Insider">Business Insider</a></i>, a business, celebrity and technology news website</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Politico" title="Politico">Politico</a></i>, a digital media company acquired by Axel Springer in October 2021 that operates in North America and Europe.<sup id="cite_ref-polacq_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-polacq-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Politico_Europe" title="Politico Europe">Politico Europe</a></i>, European version of Politico</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Politico" title="Politico">Protocol</a></i>, tech journalism publication acquired alongside <i><a href="/wiki/Politico" title="Politico">Politico</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upday" title="Upday">Upday</a>, a news aggregator app</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other">Other</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Axel_Springer_SE&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Other"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>BONIAL, a marketing solutions company, which includes coupon portals, Sparheld.de Germany and Reduc.fr in France</li> <li>Dyn Media, a live broadcast sports platform</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idealo" title="Idealo">Idealo</a>, a price comparison service</li> <li>Morning Brew, a media company that focuses on business newsletters and podcasts</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Classifieds">Classifieds</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Axel_Springer_SE&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Classifieds"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Aviv, which includes real estate marketing portals immonet, immowelt, and SeLoger</li> <li>Stepstone</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ringier_Axel_Springer_Poland">Ringier Axel Springer Poland</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Axel_Springer_SE&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Ringier Axel Springer Poland"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>AUTO SWIAT</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fakt" title="Fakt">Fakt</a></i>, the largest daily tabloid in Poland</li> <li><i>Forbes Women</i>, a spinoff of magazine and web portal Forbes that focuses on gender equality in business</li> <li><i>Newsweek Polska</i>, a Polish weekly news magazine</li> <li><i>Onet</i>, a Polish online news publication</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Marketing_Media">Marketing Media</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Axel_Springer_SE&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Marketing Media"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>AWIN, a company that provides solutions for product marketing and services</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Axel_Springer_SE&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1940s">1940s</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Axel_Springer_SE&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: 1940s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1946, publisher Hinrich Springer (age 66) and his son <a href="/wiki/Axel_Springer" title="Axel Springer">Axel Springer</a> (age 34) established the limited company Axel Springer Verlag GmbH. That year saw the launch of the <i>Nordwestdeutsche Hefte</i> and the radio and <a href="/wiki/H%C3%B6rzu" title="Hörzu">Hörzu</a>, which was originally launched as a radio broadcast but later became a TV magazine as well. </p><p>In 1948, the afternoon and evening newspaper <i><a href="/wiki/Hamburger_Abendblatt" title="Hamburger Abendblatt">Hamburger Abendblatt</a></i> was launched, the first daily newspaper created by Axel Springer. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1950s">1950s</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Axel_Springer_SE&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: 1950s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The year 1952 saw the launch of the popular daily newspaper <i><a href="/wiki/Bild" title="Bild">Bild</a></i>. The paper was based on the British tabloid <i><a href="/wiki/Daily_Mirror" title="Daily Mirror">Daily Mirror</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and peaked at a circulation of 5 million in the 1980s.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Sunday paper <i><a href="/wiki/Bild_am_Sonntag" title="Bild am Sonntag">Bild am Sonntag</a></i> was launched in 1956. </p><p>In 1953, Axel Springer Verlag bought the publishing house Die Welt, including the daily paper <i><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Die_Welt" title="Die Welt">Die Welt</a></i></span></i> and the Sunday paper <i><a href="/wiki/Welt_am_Sonntag" title="Welt am Sonntag">Welt am Sonntag</a></i>. </p><p>Construction on the company headquarters in Hamburg began in 1950 and was completed in 1956.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1956, Axel Springer secured a blocking minority in <a href="/wiki/Ullstein_Verlag" title="Ullstein Verlag">Ullstein Verlag</a>, and three years later he took over the company completely.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><span class="anchor" id="ullstein_bild"></span> <i>ullstein bild</i> is a brand for the photo collection (since 1877), now under Axel Springer Syndication GmbH.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>This was followed in 1959 by the purchase of the newspaper <i><a href="/wiki/Berliner_Morgenpost" title="Berliner Morgenpost">Berliner Morgenpost</a></i>. When Springer took over the <i><a href="/wiki/Ullstein_Verlag" title="Ullstein Verlag">Ullstein</a></i> publishing house in December 1959, the <i><a href="/wiki/B.Z._(newspaper)" title="B.Z. (newspaper)">B.Z.</a></i> also became its property.<sup id="cite_ref-DBP_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DBP-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Two days before the end of the <a href="/wiki/Berlin_Crisis_of_1958%E2%80%931959#1958_Berlin_ultimatum" title="Berlin Crisis of 1958–1959">Soviet ultimatum in Berlin</a>, Axel Springer laid the foundation stone for the new publishing headquarters on 25 May 1959.<sup id="cite_ref-DBP_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DBP-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1960s">1960s</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Axel_Springer_SE&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: 1960s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The official opening of the Berlin headquarters took place in 1966.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the attack on the student leader <a href="/wiki/Rudi_Dutschke" title="Rudi Dutschke">Rudi Dutschke</a> on 11 April 1968, the <a href="/wiki/Au%C3%9Ferparlamentarische_Opposition" title="Außerparlamentarische Opposition">APO</a> (Extra-Parliamentary Opposition) began acts of violence against the company. The APO had a history of animosity with the Springer Group's allegedly biased coverage of the student movement.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For instance, in the wake of the <a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Benno_Ohnesorg" title="Killing of Benno Ohnesorg">killing of Benno Ohnesorg</a> by the police at a student demonstration against the Shah, one Springer paper reported that "what happened yesterday in Berlin had nothing to do with politics …. It was criminal in the most sickening way."<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In fact, Ohnesorg, who had never attended a demonstration before, had been shot in the back while trying to leave the demonstration.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1970s">1970s</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Axel_Springer_SE&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: 1970s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The years 1972 and 1973 saw the building of the offset-printing plant in Essen-Kettwig.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1980s">1980s</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Axel_Springer_SE&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: 1980s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>1984 witnessed the official opening of the offset printing facility in Ahrensburg near Hamburg. </p><p>In 1985, 49% of the company was offered for public subscription, marking the IPO of Axel Springer.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later that year, Axel Springer died; control of the company was transferred to his widow <a href="/wiki/Friede_Springer" title="Friede Springer">Friede Springer</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1986, the first licensed edition of <i><a href="/wiki/Auto_Bild" title="Auto Bild">Auto Bild</a></i> came out, in Italy. Other licensed editions and joint venture publications later appeared in twenty European countries, Indonesia and Thailand. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1990s">1990s</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Axel_Springer_SE&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: 1990s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1993, there was the official opening of the offset printing works in Berlin-Spandau. </p><p>In May 1999, Axel Springer bought a 51% majority stake in the American television production company <a href="/wiki/GRB_Studios" title="GRB Studios">GRB Entertainment</a>, but was later divested in 2002.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2000–present"><span id="2000.E2.80.93present"></span>2000–present</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Axel_Springer_SE&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: 2000–present"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2001, Axel Springer and T-Online established a joint subsidiary Bild.de/T-Online AG. A year later in 2002, the launch of immonet.de took place, and Mathias Doepfner, former editor-in-chief of <i>Die Welt</i>, became CEO of Axel Springer AG.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Then in 2003, the name was changed to Axel Springer AG. </p><p>In 2009, Axel Springer AG acquired affiliate marketers Zanox and Digital Window as well as StepStone ASA.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2010 a $635.7 million offer by Axel for leading French real estate website operator seloger.com caused seloger shares to rise as much as 32%, the most since it went public. Within 3 days Axel increased its offer 15.6% to $735 million after shareholders rejected the deal.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2012, Axel Springer formed a joint venture (Axel Springer Digital Classified) with global growth equity firm <a href="/wiki/General_Atlantic" title="General Atlantic">General Atlantic</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The company also bought TotalJobs in the UK from <a href="/wiki/Reed_Elsevier" class="mw-redirect" title="Reed Elsevier">Reed Elsevier</a> that year.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2013, Springer sold its regional newspapers, women's magazines, and television magazines to <a href="/wiki/Funke_Mediengruppe" title="Funke Mediengruppe">Funke Mediengruppe</a> for €920 million<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> That same year, Publications Grand Public, a French magazine publisher owned by Springer, was sold to <a href="/wiki/Reworld_Media" title="Reworld Media">Reworld Media</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The German television newsbroadcaster <a href="/wiki/N24_(Germany)" class="mw-redirect" title="N24 (Germany)">N24</a> was acquired by Axel Springer SE and combined with <a href="/wiki/Die_Welt" title="Die Welt">Die Welt</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2020, Friede Springer transferred $1.5 billion of Axel Springer shares to CEO Mathias Dopfner, effectively making him heir of the media group. Under the arrangement, Friede Springer sold a 4.1% stake to Dopfner and gifted him 15% more- bringing Dopfner’s direct stake of the company to 22%. She also transferred voting rights to Dopfner for her remaining 22% in the business.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In October of the same year, the company expanded its Berlin headquarters with the completion of the Axel Springer Campus, a cube-shaped office building designed by <a href="/wiki/Rem_Koolhaas" title="Rem Koolhaas">Rem Koolhaas</a> and <a href="/wiki/Office_for_Metropolitan_Architecture" title="Office for Metropolitan Architecture">OMA</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In October 2021, an article in <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i> reported accusations of sexual misconduct, sexual discrimination and questionable business practices at Axel Springer SE.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A day later, the publisher fired the editor-in-chief of <a href="/wiki/Bild" title="Bild">Bild</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In July 2024, reports emerged that Axel Springer and private equity group <a href="/wiki/Kohlberg_Kravis_Roberts" title="Kohlberg Kravis Roberts">KKR</a> were in talks to potentially split the media conglomerate. The proposed deal would separate the group's media assets, including Politico, Business Insider, Bild, and Die Welt, from its digital classifieds operations such as StepStone and Aviv.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The split was confirmed in September 2024 and Axel Springer became a fully privately owned and operated media company.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Acquisitions">Acquisitions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Axel_Springer_SE&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Acquisitions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Business_Insider">Business Insider</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Axel_Springer_SE&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Business Insider"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In September 2015, Axel Springer acquired Business Insider at a $442 million valuation. It purchased an additional 88% of the company for $343 million, bringing its total ownership to 97%.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Morning_Brew">Morning Brew</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Axel_Springer_SE&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Morning Brew"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In October 2020, Axel Springer and Insider Inc. acquired Morning Brew, a media startup that focuses on business newsletters and podcasts, for around $75 million.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:4_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Morning Brew brand remains fully intact post-deal, and the business will operate completely independently with Insider Inc. The company’s co-founders retain a sizeable minority stake and have an earn-out clause built into the deal.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_52-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Politico">Politico</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Axel_Springer_SE&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Politico"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In October 2021, the firm announced that it had completed the acquisition of <i><a href="/wiki/Politico" title="Politico">Politico</a></i> for over $1 billion, after announcing its intention to do so in late August 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Along with the deal, Axel Springer took full control of the Politico Europe partnership launched in 2014, as well as the technology news site Protocol, which was launched in 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Former_acquisitions">Former acquisitions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Axel_Springer_SE&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Former acquisitions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The company previously held shares in <a href="/wiki/Aufeminin.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Aufeminin.com">aufeminin.com</a> and <a href="/wiki/Buy.at" title="Buy.at">buy.at</a>. It was also a significant investor in the American digital media company <a href="/wiki/Group_Nine_Media" title="Group Nine Media">Group Nine Media</a>, before it was acquired by Vox Media.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Criticism">Criticism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Axel_Springer_SE&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Criticism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pro-American_editorial_bias_and_alleged_ties_to_US_intelligence_agencies">Pro-American editorial bias and alleged ties to US intelligence agencies</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Axel_Springer_SE&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Pro-American editorial bias and alleged ties to US intelligence agencies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Gudrun Kruip, a scholar associated with the <a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stiftung_Bundespr%C3%A4sident-Theodor-Heuss-Haus" class="extiw" title="de:Stiftung Bundespräsident-Theodor-Heuss-Haus">Stiftung Bundespräsident-Theodor-Heuss-Haus</a>, has claimed that Axel Springer SE, along with its subsidiaries, exhibits a pro-American stance, often omitting criticism of US foreign policy.<sup id="cite_ref-:03_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:03-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This observation is then backed by allegations made by two former <a href="/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Central Intelligence Agency">CIA</a> officers in an interview with <a href="/wiki/The_Nation" title="The Nation">The Nation</a>, claiming that Axel Springer received $7 million from the CIA.<sup id="cite_ref-:12_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The purpose of this funding, they allege, was to influence the publisher to align its editorial content with American geopolitical interests.<sup id="cite_ref-:12_59-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although no conclusive evidence has come to light, Springer's admission in his autobiography regarding the financial challenges faced at the outset of his publishing venture, suggesting the necessity of external funding for the company's rapid growth led Kruip to believe that the allegations of CIA financial support are credible.<sup id="cite_ref-:03_58-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:03-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 2001, the Axel Springer SE names "solidarity with the libertarian values of the United States of America" as one of its core principles on its website.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This explicit stance has led to critiques from scholars and independent observers regarding the company's perceived alignment with American interests.<sup id="cite_ref-:03_58-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:03-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Furthermore, an article in <a href="/wiki/Foreign_Policy" title="Foreign Policy">Foreign Policy</a> has critiqued Axel Springer SE for a history of compromising journalistic ethics to support right-wing causes, implying a longstanding pattern of bias in its publications.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Core_Principles_Pledge">Core Principles Pledge</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Axel_Springer_SE&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Core Principles Pledge"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Upon acquisition of Insider in 2015, and again in 2021 with Politico, Mathias Döpfner allegedly stated that staff would need to adhere to Axel Springer's principles, including support for a united Europe, "reconciliation between Germans and Jews"<sup id="cite_ref-AxelSpringerNYTobit1985_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AxelSpringerNYTobit1985-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Israel's right to exist and a free-market economy, and that staff who disagree with the principles "should not work for Axel Springer, very clearly".<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In an interview with New York Magazine, Döpfner emphasized that Axel Springer's commitment to these core principles, particularly the right of Israel to exist, stems from Germany's historical context rather than activism.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He claimed that while Springer employees in Germany are required to support these values, American employees are not asked to sign such a pledge. He also insists that journalistic integrity remains paramount, clarifying that the company's stance does not equate to uncritical support of Israel, but recognizes its right to exist in light of historical threats.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_69-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Accusations_of_editorial_interference_in_Poland">Accusations of editorial interference in Poland</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Axel_Springer_SE&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Accusations of editorial interference in Poland"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2017, Mark Dekan of Ringier Axel Springer Polska expressed support for European unity and the role of free media in a letter to employees, amidst political debates in Poland. His comments, which included criticism of <a href="/wiki/Jaros%C5%82aw_Kaczy%C5%84ski" title="Jarosław Kaczyński">Jarosław Kaczyński</a>, and highlighted the company's values and the importance of European integration, especially among younger Poles, was interpreted by critics as editorial interference.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Abuse_of_power_and_sexual_harassment">Abuse of power and sexual harassment</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Axel_Springer_SE&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Abuse of power and sexual harassment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In March 2021, Der Spiegel reported accusations that the editor of Bild, <a href="/wiki/Julian_Reichelt" title="Julian Reichelt">Julian Reichelt</a>, had promoted several young female employees in exchange for sex and sought to buy their silence before dismissing them.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was followed up by a similar report in the New York Times in October 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_45-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These allegations were investigated by Axel Springer, which initially supported Reichelt.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_45-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, following further scrutiny, the company ultimately decided to dismiss him.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Anti-Muslim_and_anti-Palestinian_bias">Anti-Muslim and anti-Palestinian bias</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Axel_Springer_SE&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Anti-Muslim and anti-Palestinian bias"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Liz_Fekete" title="Liz Fekete">Liz Fekete</a> criticized Axel Springer-owned <i>Welt</i> and Axel Springer CEO Mathias Döpfner in 2024 for their anti-Muslim and anti-Palestinian bias, suggesting falsely that Muslim immigrants are the main source of <a href="/wiki/Antisemitism" title="Antisemitism">antisemitism</a>, ignoring that the majority of antisemitic incidents are actually caused by the <a href="/wiki/Far-right_politics" title="Far-right politics">far-right</a>. She also criticized the company for uncritically adopting Israel's talking points on the <a href="/wiki/Middle_East_conflict" class="mw-redirect" title="Middle East conflict">Middle East conflict</a>, to the disadvantage of <a href="/wiki/Palestinians" title="Palestinians">Palestinians</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>German public broadcasting criticized Axel Springer in 2024 for taking their pro-Israel mission too far and that they therefore believe Palestinians and anyone who expresses criticism of Israel “must be discredited and then written against”, especially criticizing it for a news report which <a href="/wiki/Doxing" title="Doxing">doxed</a> and discredited several pro-Palestinian student protesters.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Competitors">Competitors</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Axel_Springer_SE&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Competitors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Major competitors in the German publishing market include <a href="/wiki/Bauer_Media_Group" title="Bauer Media Group">Bauer Media Group</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bertelsmann" title="Bertelsmann">Bertelsmann</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hubert_Burda_Media" title="Hubert Burda Media">Hubert Burda Media</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Holtzbrinck_Publishing_Group" title="Holtzbrinck Publishing Group">Holtzbrinck</a>. On a global scale, some of the key competitors of Axel Springer include other large multinational media companies such as News Corporation, Time Warner, and The New York Times Company.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These companies operate in a variety of different media sectors, including print, television, and digital, and are all major players in the global media industry.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition to traditional media companies, Axel Springer also competes with a number of digital media platforms and companies, such as Google, Facebook, and Apple, which have become increasingly influential in the media industry in recent years.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These companies have disrupted the traditional media business model by offering new ways for people to access news and information, and have posed a significant challenge to traditional media companies like Axel Springer. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Axel_Springer_SE&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Concentration_of_media_ownership" title="Concentration of media ownership">Concentration of media ownership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protests_of_1968" title="Protests of 1968">Protests of 1968</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Axel_Springer_SE&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-AR2019-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-AR2019_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AR2019_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AR2019_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AR2019_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AR2019_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.axelspringer.com/data/uploads/2020/03/annual_report_2019.pdf">"Axel Springer SE Annual Report 2019"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Axel Springer SE. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240118185023/https://www.axelspringer.com/data/uploads/2020/03/annual_report_2019.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 18 January 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 January</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Axel+Springer+SE+Annual+Report+2019&rft.pub=Axel+Springer+SE&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.axelspringer.com%2Fdata%2Fuploads%2F2020%2F03%2Fannual_report_2019.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAxel+Springer+SE" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-owners-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-owners_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-owners_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-owners_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPitelLouch2024" class="citation news cs1">Pitel, Laura; Louch, Will (11 January 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ft.com/content/45719573-767f-4921-967e-2c3f7f6d3992">"Media group Axel Springer dividends top €775mn over past 4 years"</a>. <i>Financial Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240118185022/https://www.ft.com/content/45719573-767f-4921-967e-2c3f7f6d3992">Archived</a> from the original on 18 January 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 January</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Financial+Times&rft.atitle=Media+group+Axel+Springer+dividends+top+%E2%82%AC775mn+over+past+4+years&rft.date=2024-01-11&rft.aulast=Pitel&rft.aufirst=Laura&rft.au=Louch%2C+Will&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ft.com%2Fcontent%2F45719573-767f-4921-967e-2c3f7f6d3992&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAxel+Springer+SE" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNicola2021" class="citation news cs1">Nicola, Stefan (19 October 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-10-19/toppled-tabloid-king-puts-expansionist-german-publisher-on-edge">"Business Insider and Bild Publisher on Edge After Tabloid King Fired"</a>. Bloomberg News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220410123048/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-10-19/toppled-tabloid-king-puts-expansionist-german-publisher-on-edge">Archived</a> from the original on 10 April 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 January</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Business+Insider+and+Bild+Publisher+on+Edge+After+Tabloid+King+Fired&rft.date=2021-10-19&rft.aulast=Nicola&rft.aufirst=Stefan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bloomberg.com%2Fnews%2Farticles%2F2021-10-19%2Ftoppled-tabloid-king-puts-expansionist-german-publisher-on-edge&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAxel+Springer+SE" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dw.com/en/axel-springer-to-cut-jobs-warns-ai-could-replace-journalism/a-64846886">"Axel Springer to cut jobs, warns AI could replace journalism"</a>. Deutsche Welle. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 January</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Axel+Springer+to+cut+jobs%2C+warns+AI+could+replace+journalism&rft.date=2023-02-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dw.com%2Fen%2Faxel-springer-to-cut-jobs-warns-ai-could-replace-journalism%2Fa-64846886&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAxel+Springer+SE" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLee2021" class="citation web cs1">Lee, Edmund (26 August 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2021/08/26/business/politico-axel-springer-acquired.html">"Politico Is Sold to Axel Springer for More Than $1 Billion"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211025164449/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/08/26/business/politico-axel-springer-acquired.html/">Archived</a> from the original on 25 October 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Politico+Is+Sold+to+Axel+Springer+for+More+Than+%241+Billion&rft.date=2021-08-26&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=Edmund&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2021%2F08%2F26%2Fbusiness%2Fpolitico-axel-springer-acquired.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAxel+Springer+SE" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:3_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.axelspringer.com/en/ax-press-release/axel-springer-grows-further-in-the-first-half-of-the-year-despite-difficult-market-environment">"Axel Springer grows further in the first half of the year despite difficult market environment"</a>. <i>www.axelspringer.com</i>. 18 July 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231226141654/https://www.axelspringer.com/en/ax-press-release/axel-springer-grows-further-in-the-first-half-of-the-year-despite-difficult-market-environment">Archived</a> from the original on 26 December 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.axelspringer.com&rft.atitle=Axel+Springer+grows+further+in+the+first+half+of+the+year+despite+difficult+market+environment&rft.date=2023-07-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.axelspringer.com%2Fen%2Fax-press-release%2Faxel-springer-grows-further-in-the-first-half-of-the-year-despite-difficult-market-environment&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAxel+Springer+SE" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/axel-springer-results-idUSFWN39322Z/#:~:text=BERLIN%2C%20July%2018%20%28Reuters%29%20,year%20on%20year">"German media group Axel Springer reports growth in first half of year"</a>. <i>Reuters</i>. 18 July 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=German+media+group+Axel+Springer+reports+growth+in+first+half+of+year&rft.date=2023-07-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Faxel-springer-results-idUSFWN39322Z%2F%23%3A~%3Atext%3DBERLIN%252C%2520July%252018%2520%2528Reuters%2529%2520%2Cyear%2520on%2520year&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAxel+Springer+SE" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEisenring2019" class="citation news cs1">Eisenring, Christoph (31 May 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nzz.ch/wirtschaft/finanzinvestor-kkr-bei-springer-was-wollen-die-amerikaner-ld.1485972">"Finanzinvestor KKR bei Springer: Was wollen die Amerikaner?"</a>. <i>Neue Zürcher Zeitung</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190608033450/https://www.nzz.ch/wirtschaft/finanzinvestor-kkr-bei-springer-was-wollen-die-amerikaner-ld.1485972">Archived</a> from the original on 8 June 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neue+Z%C3%BCrcher+Zeitung&rft.atitle=Finanzinvestor+KKR+bei+Springer%3A+Was+wollen+die+Amerikaner%3F&rft.date=2019-05-31&rft.aulast=Eisenring&rft.aufirst=Christoph&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nzz.ch%2Fwirtschaft%2Ffinanzinvestor-kkr-bei-springer-was-wollen-die-amerikaner-ld.1485972&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAxel+Springer+SE" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNünning2019" class="citation web cs1">Nünning, Volker (30 August 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.medienkorrespondenz.de/politik/artikel/us-finanzinvestor-kkr-nun-groesster-aktionaer-des-axel-springer-konzerns.html">"US-Finanzinvestor KKR nun größter Aktionär des Axel‑Springer‑Konzerns"</a>. <i>Medienkorrespondenz</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220331141502/https://www.medienkorrespondenz.de/politik/artikel/us-finanzinvestor-kkr-nun-groesster-aktionaer-des-axel-springer-konzerns.html">Archived</a> from the original on 31 March 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Medienkorrespondenz&rft.atitle=US-Finanzinvestor+KKR+nun+gr%C3%B6%C3%9Fter+Aktion%C3%A4r+des+Axel%E2%80%91Springer%E2%80%91Konzerns&rft.date=2019-08-30&rft.aulast=N%C3%BCnning&rft.aufirst=Volker&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.medienkorrespondenz.de%2Fpolitik%2Fartikel%2Fus-finanzinvestor-kkr-nun-groesster-aktionaer-des-axel-springer-konzerns.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAxel+Springer+SE" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/deutshland-springer-idDEKBN27027K">"US-Investor KKR hält vorübergehend 99,1 Prozent an Axel Springer"</a>. <i>Reuters</i>. 15 October 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220416092135/https://www.reuters.com/article/deutshland-springer-idDEKBN27027K">Archived</a> from the original on 16 April 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=US-Investor+KKR+h%C3%A4lt+vor%C3%BCbergehend+99%2C1+Prozent+an+Axel+Springer&rft.date=2020-10-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fdeutshland-springer-idDEKBN27027K&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAxel+Springer+SE" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110718152831/http://www.axelspringer.de/en/artikel/Brief-Biography-of-Axel-Springer-1912-1985_85853.html">"Brief Biography of Axel Springer"</a>. <i>axelspringer.de</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.axelspringer.com&rft.atitle=Axel+Springer+Completes+Acquisition+of+POLITICO&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.axelspringer.com%2Fen%2Fax-press-release%2Faxel-springer-completes-acquisition-of-politico&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAxel+Springer+SE" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spiegel.de/international/0,1518,412021,00.html">"Sex, Smut and Shock: Bild Zeitung Rules Germany"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Spiegel_Online" class="mw-redirect" title="Spiegel Online">Spiegel Online</a></i>. 25 April 2006. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120608142135/http://www.spiegel.de/international/0,1518,412021,00.html">Archived</a> from the original on 8 June 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 July</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Spiegel+Online&rft.atitle=Sex%2C+Smut+and+Shock%3A+Bild+Zeitung+Rules+Germany&rft.date=2006-04-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.spiegel.de%2Finternational%2F0%2C1518%2C412021%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAxel+Springer+SE" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKirschbaum2012" class="citation news cs1">Kirschbaum, Erik (23 June 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181126221307/https://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-germany-newspaper-idUKBRE85M0AO20120623">"German daily sent to all 41 million households"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-germany-newspaper-idUKBRE85M0AO20120623">the original</a> on 26 November 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 January</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=bild.de&rft.atitle=Nach+27+Jahren+zur%C3%BCck+im+Springer-Hochhaus&rft.date=2020-05-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bild.de%2Fregional%2Fhamburg%2Fhamburg-aktuell%2Fnach-27-jahren-zurueck-im-springer-hochhaus-bild-wieder-spitze-70945900.bild.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAxel+Springer+SE" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.axelspringer.com/de/inside/auf-der-bruecke-des-kapitaens">"Auf der Brücke des Kapitäns"</a>. <i>www.axelspringer.com</i> (in German). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240131185016/https://www.axelspringer.com/de/inside/auf-der-bruecke-des-kapitaens">Archived</a> from the original on 31 January 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 January</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.axelspringer.com&rft.atitle=Auf+der+Br%C3%BCcke+des+Kapit%C3%A4ns&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.axelspringer.com%2Fde%2Finside%2Fauf-der-bruecke-des-kapitaens&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAxel+Springer+SE" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ssoar.info/ssoar/bitstream/handle/document/68513/ssoar-2020-berndt-Die_Restitution_des_Ullstein-Verlags_1945-52.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y&lnkname=ssoar-2020-berndt-Die_Restitution_des_Ullstein-Verlags_1945-52.pdf">"Die Restitution des Ullstein-Verlags (1945-52)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240131190115/https://www.ssoar.info/ssoar/bitstream/handle/document/68513/ssoar-2020-berndt-Die_Restitution_des_Ullstein-Verlags_1945-52.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y&lnkname=ssoar-2020-berndt-Die_Restitution_des_Ullstein-Verlags_1945-52.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 31 January 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Historische, ökonomische und international vergleichende Marktanalyse und ihre medienpolitischen Implikationen</i></a>. Zentrum für Berlin-Studien. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240510105706/https://www.researchgate.net/publication/275033695_Der_Berliner_Pressemarkt_Historische_okonomische_und_international_vergleichende_Marktanalyse_und_ihre_medienpolitischen_Implikationen">Archived</a> from the original on 10 May 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 February</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.axelspringer.com&rft.atitle=Timeline&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.axelspringer.com%2Fen%2Fcompany%2Fhistory%2Ftimeline&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAxel+Springer+SE" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCrossland1968" class="citation news cs1">Crossland, Norman (13 April 1968). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/1968/apr/13/germany.fromthearchive">"Riots after shooting in Berlin"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077">0261-3077</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240510105540/https://www.theguardian.com/world/1968/apr/13/germany.fromthearchive">Archived</a> from the original on 10 May 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 February</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Riots+after+shooting+in+Berlin&rft.date=1968-04-13&rft.issn=0261-3077&rft.aulast=Crossland&rft.aufirst=Norman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F1968%2Fapr%2F13%2Fgermany.fromthearchive&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAxel+Springer+SE" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jeremy Varon, Bringing the War Home: The Weather Underground, the Red Army Faction, and Revolutionary Violence in the Sixties and Seventies (Los Angeles: University of California Press, 2004), p.39</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jillian Becker, Hitler's Children: The Story of the Baader-Meinhof Terrorist Gang (New York: JB Lippincott, 1977), p.39</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.technotrans.com/press-releases/axel-springer-essen-kettwig-modernises-printing-with-bespoke-technotrans-solution">"Axel Springer Essen-Kettwig modernises printing with bespoke technotrans solution"</a>. <i>www.technotrans.com</i>. 4 October 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240226142514/https://www.technotrans.com/press-releases/axel-springer-essen-kettwig-modernises-printing-with-bespoke-technotrans-solution">Archived</a> from the original on 26 February 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 December</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Springer+gains+control+of+GRB+and+plans+global+TV+empire&rft.date=1999-05-14&rft.aulast=Barrie&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fbusiness%2F1999%2Fmay%2F14%2F15&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAxel+Springer+SE" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLittleton1999" class="citation news cs1">Littleton, Cynthia (14 May 1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://variety.com/1999/biz/news/springer-grabs-grb-1117502040/">"Springer grabs GRB"</a>. <i>Variety</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211227115822/https://variety.com/1999/biz/news/springer-grabs-grb-1117502040/">Archived</a> from the original on 27 December 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 December</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Variety&rft.atitle=Springer+grabs+GRB&rft.date=1999-05-14&rft.aulast=Littleton&rft.aufirst=Cynthia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvariety.com%2F1999%2Fbiz%2Fnews%2Fspringer-grabs-grb-1117502040%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAxel+Springer+SE" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoston2014" class="citation news cs1">Boston, William (10 February 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052702303874504579375003378209742">"In Axel Springer's Bid for Forbes, a German Player Steps Out"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">The Wall Street Journal</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160503233951/http://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052702303874504579375003378209742">Archived</a> from the original on 3 May 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 July</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Wall+Street+Journal&rft.atitle=In+Axel+Springer%27s+Bid+for+Forbes%2C+a+German+Player+Steps+Out&rft.date=2014-02-10&rft.aulast=Boston&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsj.com%2Farticles%2FSB10001424052702303874504579375003378209742&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAxel+Springer+SE" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110718152854/http://www.axelspringer.de/en/chronik/cw_chronik_index_en_85763.html">"Chronicle on www.axelspringer.com"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=World+Architecture+Community&rft.atitle=OMA%27s+Axel+Springer+building+in+Berlin+features+a+diagonal+atrium+challenging+%27flatness+of+working%27&rft.date=2020-10-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fworldarchitecture.org%2Farticle-links%2Feghcv%2Foma-s-axel-springer-building-in-berlin-features-a-diagonal-atrium-challenging-flatness-of-working-.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAxel+Springer+SE" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_45-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_45-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_45-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith2021" class="citation news cs1">Smith, Ben (17 October 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2021/10/17/business/media/axel-springer-bild-julian-reichelt.html">"At Axel Springer, Politico's New Owner, Allegations of Sex, Lies and a Secret Payment"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211018075407/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/10/17/business/media/axel-springer-bild-julian-reichelt.html">Archived</a> from the original on 18 October 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 October</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Germany%27s+Axel+Springer+fires+top+Bild+editor+after+media+report&rft.date=2021-10-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fbusiness%2Fmedia-telecom%2Fgermanys-axel-springer-dismisses-top-bild-editor-after-media-reports-2021-10-18%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAxel+Springer+SE" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ft.com/content/1d09ac2b-2521-47ec-a6d2-16b52d88167f">"Axel Springer and KKR in talks to break up media empire"</a>. <i>www.ft.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 September</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Axel+Springer%E2%80%99s+media+assets+to+be+split+off+in+%E2%82%AC13.5bn+KKR+deal&rft.date=2024-09-19&rft.issn=0261-3077&rft.aulast=Sweney&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fmedia%2F2024%2Fsep%2F19%2Faxel-springers-media-assets-to-be-split-off-in-135bn-kkr-deal&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAxel+Springer+SE" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJervellAlpert2015" class="citation web cs1">Jervell, Ellen Emmerentze; Alpert, Lukas (29 September 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/axel-springer-to-purchase-majority-stake-in-business-insider-for-344-1-million-1443526529">"Axel Springer to Purchase Majority Stake in Business Insider"</a>. <i>The Wall Street Journal</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Wall+Street+Journal&rft.atitle=Axel+Springer+to+Purchase+Majority+Stake+in+Business+Insider&rft.date=2015-09-29&rft.aulast=Jervell&rft.aufirst=Ellen+Emmerentze&rft.au=Alpert%2C+Lukas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsj.com%2Farticles%2Faxel-springer-to-purchase-majority-stake-in-business-insider-for-344-1-million-1443526529&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAxel+Springer+SE" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShontell" class="citation web cs1">Shontell, Alyson. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/axel-springer-acquiresbusiness-insider-for-450-million-2015-9">"German publishing powerhouse Axel Springer buys Business Insider at a whopping $442 million valuation"</a>. <i>Business Insider</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240208201335/https://www.businessinsider.com/axel-springer-acquiresbusiness-insider-for-450-million-2015-9">Archived</a> from the original on 8 February 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Business+Insider&rft.atitle=German+publishing+powerhouse+Axel+Springer+buys+Business+Insider+at+a+whopping+%24442+million+valuation&rft.aulast=Shontell&rft.aufirst=Alyson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.businessinsider.com%2Faxel-springer-acquiresbusiness-insider-for-450-million-2015-9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAxel+Springer+SE" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMullin2020" class="citation web cs1">Mullin, Benjamin (13 October 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/business-insider-parent-nears-deal-to-buy-controlling-stake-in-morning-brew-11602643882">"Business Insider Parent Nears Deal to Buy Controlling Stake in Morning Brew"</a>. <i>The Wall Street Journal</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221222222242/https://www.wsj.com/articles/business-insider-parent-nears-deal-to-buy-controlling-stake-in-morning-brew-11602643882">Archived</a> from the original on 22 December 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Wall+Street+Journal&rft.atitle=Business+Insider+Parent+Nears+Deal+to+Buy+Controlling+Stake+in+Morning+Brew&rft.date=2020-10-13&rft.aulast=Mullin&rft.aufirst=Benjamin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsj.com%2Farticles%2Fbusiness-insider-parent-nears-deal-to-buy-controlling-stake-in-morning-brew-11602643882&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAxel+Springer+SE" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:4-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:4_52-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_52-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFischer2020" class="citation web cs1">Fischer, Sara (29 October 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.axios.com/2020/10/29/insider-inc-buys-majority-stake-morning-brew">"Exclusive: Insider Inc. buys majority stake in Morning Brew in all-cash deal"</a>. <i>Axios</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240129005058/https://www.axios.com/2020/10/29/insider-inc-buys-majority-stake-morning-brew">Archived</a> from the original on 29 January 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Axios&rft.atitle=Exclusive%3A+Insider+Inc.+buys+majority+stake+in+Morning+Brew+in+all-cash+deal&rft.date=2020-10-29&rft.aulast=Fischer&rft.aufirst=Sara&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.axios.com%2F2020%2F10%2F29%2Finsider-inc-buys-majority-stake-morning-brew&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAxel+Springer+SE" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnbc.com/2021/08/26/axel-springer-to-buy-politico.html">"Politico sells to German publishing giant Axel Springer in deal worth about $1 billion"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/CNBC" title="CNBC">CNBC</a></i>. 26 August 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220415201500/https://www.cnbc.com/2021/08/26/axel-springer-to-buy-politico.html">Archived</a> from the original on 15 April 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 August</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNBC&rft.atitle=Politico+sells+to+German+publishing+giant+Axel+Springer+in+deal+worth+about+%241+billion&rft.date=2021-08-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnbc.com%2F2021%2F08%2F26%2Faxel-springer-to-buy-politico.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAxel+Springer+SE" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStelter2021" class="citation web cs1">Stelter, Brian (26 August 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2021/08/26/media/politico-sale-axel-springer/index.html">"Politico will be sold to Axel Springer for over $1 billion"</a>. <i>CNN</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210826144626/https://www.cnn.com/2021/08/26/media/politico-sale-axel-springer/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on 26 August 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 October</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Politico+will+be+sold+to+Axel+Springer+for+over+%241+billion&rft.date=2021-08-26&rft.aulast=Stelter&rft.aufirst=Brian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2021%2F08%2F26%2Fmedia%2Fpolitico-sale-axel-springer%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAxel+Springer+SE" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarr2021" class="citation web cs1">Barr, Jeremy (26 August 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/media/2021/08/26/politico-sold-axel-springer/">"Politico sold to German publisher Axel Springer"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220529064233/https://www.washingtonpost.com/media/2021/08/26/politico-sold-axel-springer/">Archived</a> from the original on 29 May 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Politico+sold+to+German+publisher+Axel+Springer&rft.date=2021-08-26&rft.aulast=Barr&rft.aufirst=Jeremy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fmedia%2F2021%2F08%2F26%2Fpolitico-sold-axel-springer%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAxel+Springer+SE" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://adage.com/article/media/digital-publishers-group-media/306278">"Digital Publishers Come Together as Group Nine Media, Backed by $100 Million From Discovery"</a>. <i>adage.com</i>. 13 October 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200726144157/https://adage.com/article/media/digital-publishers-group-media/306278">Archived</a> from the original on 26 July 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 April</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=adage.com&rft.atitle=Digital+Publishers+Come+Together+as+Group+Nine+Media%2C+Backed+by+%24100+Million+From+Discovery&rft.date=2016-10-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fadage.com%2Farticle%2Fmedia%2Fdigital-publishers-group-media%2F306278&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAxel+Springer+SE" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobertson2022" class="citation web cs1">Robertson, Katie (23 September 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2021/12/13/business/media/vox-media-groupnine.html">"Vox Media and Group Nine, digital media giants, have agreed to merge"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231227210710/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/12/13/business/media/vox-media-groupnine.html">Archived</a> from the original on 27 December 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Vox+Media+and+Group+Nine%2C+digital+media+giants%2C+have+agreed+to+merge.&rft.date=2022-09-23&rft.aulast=Robertson&rft.aufirst=Katie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2021%2F12%2F13%2Fbusiness%2Fmedia%2Fvox-media-groupnine.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAxel+Springer+SE" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:03-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:03_58-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:03_58-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:03_58-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKruip1999" class="citation book cs1">Kruip, Gudrun (31 January 1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.degruyter.com/doi/10.1515/9783486595918"><i>Das "Welt"-"Bild" des Axel Springer Verlags: Journalismus zwischen westlichen Werten und deutschen Denktraditionen</i></a>. Berlin: De Gruyter. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1515%2F9783486595918">10.1515/9783486595918</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-486-59591-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-486-59591-8"><bdi>978-3-486-59591-8</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240510110002/https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/9783486595918/html">Archived</a> from the original on 10 May 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Das+%22Welt%22-%22Bild%22+des+Axel+Springer+Verlags%3A+Journalismus+zwischen+westlichen+Werten+und+deutschen+Denktraditionen&rft.place=Berlin&rft.pub=De+Gruyter&rft.date=1999-01-31&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1515%2F9783486595918&rft.isbn=978-3-486-59591-8&rft.aulast=Kruip&rft.aufirst=Gudrun&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.degruyter.com%2Fdoi%2F10.1515%2F9783486595918&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAxel+Springer+SE" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:12-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:12_59-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:12_59-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://taz.de/!734289/">"CIA und die Presse"</a>. <i>Die Tageszeitung: Taz</i>. 28 July 2003. p. 4. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220207150055/https://taz.de/!734289/">Archived</a> from the original on 7 February 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Die+Tageszeitung%3A+Taz&rft.atitle=CIA+und+die+Presse&rft.pages=4&rft.date=2003-07-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftaz.de%2F%21734289%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAxel+Springer+SE" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.axelspringer.com/de/unternehmen/grundsaetze-und-werte">"Grundsätze und Werte"</a>. <i>Springer SE</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180825143233/https://www.axelspringer.com/de/unternehmen/grundsaetze-und-werte">Archived</a> from the original on 25 August 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Springer+SE&rft.atitle=Grunds%C3%A4tze+und+Werte&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.axelspringer.com%2Fde%2Funternehmen%2Fgrundsaetze-und-werte&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAxel+Springer+SE" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGülzau2015" class="citation book cs1">Gülzau, Jan (2015). <i>Amerikanische Außenpolitik und transatlantisches Verhältnis nach "9/11" im Kommentar</i>. Leipzig, Germany: University of Leipzig.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Amerikanische+Au%C3%9Fenpolitik+und+transatlantisches+Verh%C3%A4ltnis+nach+%229%2F11%22+im+Kommentar&rft.place=Leipzig%2C+Germany&rft.pub=University+of+Leipzig&rft.date=2015&rft.aulast=G%C3%BClzau&rft.aufirst=Jan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAxel+Springer+SE" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFvon_Bülow1998" class="citation book cs1">von Bülow, Andreas (1998). <i>Im Namen des Staates: CIA, BND und die kriminellen Machenschaften der Geheimdienste</i>. Munich, Germany: Piper. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783492040501" title="Special:BookSources/9783492040501"><bdi>9783492040501</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Im+Namen+des+Staates%3A+CIA%2C+BND+und+die+kriminellen+Machenschaften+der+Geheimdienste&rft.place=Munich%2C+Germany&rft.pub=Piper&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=9783492040501&rft.aulast=von+B%C3%BClow&rft.aufirst=Andreas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAxel+Springer+SE" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeiner2011" class="citation book cs1">Weiner, Tim (2011). <i>CIA: Die ganze Geschichte</i>. Frankfurt am Main, Germany: S. Fischer. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783104010274" title="Special:BookSources/9783104010274"><bdi>9783104010274</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=CIA%3A+Die+ganze+Geschichte&rft.place=Frankfurt+am+Main%2C+Germany&rft.pub=S.+Fischer&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=9783104010274&rft.aulast=Weiner&rft.aufirst=Tim&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAxel+Springer+SE" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAanderud2019" class="citation book cs1">Aanderud, Kai-Axel (2019). <i>Axel Springer und die Deutsche Einheit</i>. Hamburg, Germany: E. S. Mittler & Sohn. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783813210316" title="Special:BookSources/9783813210316"><bdi>9783813210316</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Axel+Springer+und+die+Deutsche+Einheit&rft.place=Hamburg%2C+Germany&rft.pub=E.+S.+Mittler+%26+Sohn&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=9783813210316&rft.aulast=Aanderud&rft.aufirst=Kai-Axel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAxel+Springer+SE" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHockenos2022" class="citation news cs1">Hockenos, Paul (6 January 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://foreignpolicy.com/2022/01/06/axel-springer-politico-media-scandal-germany-bild/">"The Scandalous History of America's Newest Media Baron"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Foreign_Policy" title="Foreign Policy">Foreign Policy</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240510110059/https://foreignpolicy.com/2022/01/06/axel-springer-politico-media-scandal-germany-bild/">Archived</a> from the original on 10 May 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Foreign+Policy&rft.atitle=The+Scandalous+History+of+America%27s+Newest+Media+Baron&rft.date=2022-01-06&rft.aulast=Hockenos&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fforeignpolicy.com%2F2022%2F01%2F06%2Faxel-springer-politico-media-scandal-germany-bild%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAxel+Springer+SE" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AxelSpringerNYTobit1985-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-AxelSpringerNYTobit1985_66-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPeter_Kerr1985" class="citation news cs1">Peter Kerr (23 September 1985). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1985/09/23/world/axel-springer-german-publisher-is-dead-at-73.html">"Axel Springer, German Publisher, Is Dead at 73"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211018211344/https://www.nytimes.com/1985/09/23/world/axel-springer-german-publisher-is-dead-at-73.html">Archived</a> from the original on 18 October 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 September</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Axel+Springer%2C+German+Publisher%2C+Is+Dead+at+73&rft.date=1985-09-23&rft.au=Peter+Kerr&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1985%2F09%2F23%2Fworld%2Faxel-springer-german-publisher-is-dead-at-73.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAxel+Springer+SE" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPancevski2021" class="citation news cs1">Pancevski, Bojan (15 October 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/politicos-new-owner-plans-to-grow-staff-launch-paywall-11634325249">"WSJ News Exclusive | Politico's New Owner Plans to Grow Staff, Launch Paywall"</a>. <i>The Wall Street Journal</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20211015213358/https://www.wsj.com/articles/politicos-new-owner-plans-to-grow-staff-launch-paywall-11634325249">Archived</a> from the original on 15 October 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 October</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Wall+Street+Journal&rft.atitle=WSJ+News+Exclusive+%7C+Politico%27s+New+Owner+Plans+to+Grow+Staff%2C+Launch+Paywall&rft.date=2021-10-15&rft.aulast=Pancevski&rft.aufirst=Bojan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsj.com%2Farticles%2Fpoliticos-new-owner-plans-to-grow-staff-launch-paywall-11634325249&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAxel+Springer+SE" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/new-politico-owner-says-will-enforce-pro-israel-policy-1.10301503">"New Politico Owner Says Will Enforce pro-Israel Policy"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Haaretz" title="Haaretz">Haaretz</a></i>. 17 October 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211024040356/https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/new-politico-owner-says-will-enforce-pro-israel-policy-1.10301503">Archived</a> from the original on 24 October 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 October</span> 2021</span>. <q>The chief executive of the Berlin-based company, Mathias Döpfner, has long said that support for Israel is 'a German duty.' ... He told The Journal on Friday that this sentiment – and others such as support for a united Europe and a free-market economy – 'are like a constitution, they apply to every employee of our company.' Employees who disagreed 'should not work for Axel Springer, very clearly. ... Politico staffers, however, will not be required to sign a written commitment to these principles, as employees in Germany must, Döpfner said.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Haaretz&rft.atitle=New+Politico+Owner+Says+Will+Enforce+pro-Israel+Policy&rft.date=2021-10-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2Fisrael-news%2Fnew-politico-owner-says-will-enforce-pro-israel-policy-1.10301503&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAxel+Springer+SE" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:5-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:5_69-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_69-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcCreesh2022" class="citation web cs1">McCreesh, Shawn (10 November 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nymag.com/intelligencer/article/axel-springer-mathias-dopfner-profile.html">"Politico's German Owner Mathias Döpfner Is Part Murdoch and Also Part Musk"</a>. <i>Intelligencer</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240327164756/https://nymag.com/intelligencer/article/axel-springer-mathias-dopfner-profile.html">Archived</a> from the original on 27 March 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Intelligencer&rft.atitle=Politico%E2%80%99s+German+Owner+Mathias+D%C3%B6pfner+Is+Part+Murdoch+and+Also+Part+Musk.&rft.date=2022-11-10&rft.aulast=McCreesh&rft.aufirst=Shawn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnymag.com%2Fintelligencer%2Farticle%2Faxel-springer-mathias-dopfner-profile.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAxel+Springer+SE" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tvp.info/29553211/polska/tak-delikatny-segment-jak-prasa-nie-moze-byc-w-rekach-obcego-kapitalu/">"Tak delikatny segment jak prasa nie może być w rękach obcego kapitału"</a> (in Polish). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181124055105/https://www.tvp.info/29553211/polska/tak-delikatny-segment-jak-prasa-nie-moze-byc-w-rekach-obcego-kapitalu/">Archived</a> from the original on 24 November 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 November</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Tak+delikatny+segment+jak+prasa+nie+mo%C5%BCe+by%C4%87+w+r%C4%99kach+obcego+kapita%C5%82u&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tvp.info%2F29553211%2Fpolska%2Ftak-delikatny-segment-jak-prasa-nie-moze-byc-w-rekach-obcego-kapitalu%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAxel+Springer+SE" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wirtualnemedia.pl/artykul/szef-ringier-axel-springer-media-mark-dekan-list-do-pracownikow-wygrana-tuska-z-kaczynskim-podpowiedzmy-czytelnikom-jak-zostac-w-ue">"Szef Ringier Axel Springer Media pisze pracownikom o wygranej Tuska z Kaczyńskim i radzi: podpowiedzmy czytelnikom, jak zostać w UE"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200804170353/https://www.wirtualnemedia.pl/artykul/szef-ringier-axel-springer-media-mark-dekan-list-do-pracownikow-wygrana-tuska-z-kaczynskim-podpowiedzmy-czytelnikom-jak-zostac-w-ue">Archived</a> from the original on 4 August 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 April</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Szef+Ringier+Axel+Springer+Media+pisze+pracownikom+o+wygranej+Tuska+z+Kaczy%C5%84skim+i+radzi%3A+podpowiedzmy+czytelnikom%2C+jak+zosta%C4%87+w+UE&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wirtualnemedia.pl%2Fartykul%2Fszef-ringier-axel-springer-media-mark-dekan-list-do-pracownikow-wygrana-tuska-z-kaczynskim-podpowiedzmy-czytelnikom-jak-zostac-w-ue&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAxel+Springer+SE" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHülsenKühnMüllerRainer2021" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Hülsen, Isabell; Kühn, Alexander; Müller, Martin U.; Rainer, Anton (12 March 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.spiegel.de/wirtschaft/unternehmen/bild-chefredakteur-julian-reichelt-und-die-internen-ermittlungen-voegeln-foerdern-feuern-a-456152ee-eff8-4d8f-9b47-1284b4c36c09">"Interne Ermittlungen gegen »Bild"-Chefredakteur Julian Reichelt: "Vögeln, fördern, feuern«"</a>. <i>Der Spiegel</i> (in German). <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2195-1349">2195-1349</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211110131541/https://www.spiegel.de/wirtschaft/unternehmen/bild-chefredakteur-julian-reichelt-und-die-internen-ermittlungen-voegeln-foerdern-feuern-a-456152ee-eff8-4d8f-9b47-1284b4c36c09">Archived</a> from the original on 10 November 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 November</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Der+Spiegel&rft.atitle=Interne+Ermittlungen+gegen+%C2%BBBild%22-Chefredakteur+Julian+Reichelt%3A+%22V%C3%B6geln%2C+f%C3%B6rdern%2C+feuern%C2%AB&rft.date=2021-03-12&rft.issn=2195-1349&rft.aulast=H%C3%BClsen&rft.aufirst=Isabell&rft.au=K%C3%BChn%2C+Alexander&rft.au=M%C3%BCller%2C+Martin+U.&rft.au=Rainer%2C+Anton&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.spiegel.de%2Fwirtschaft%2Funternehmen%2Fbild-chefredakteur-julian-reichelt-und-die-internen-ermittlungen-voegeln-foerdern-feuern-a-456152ee-eff8-4d8f-9b47-1284b4c36c09&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAxel+Springer+SE" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:6-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:6_73-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/business/media-telecom/germanys-axel-springer-dismisses-top-bild-editor-after-media-reports-2021-10-18/">"Germany's Axel Springer fires top Bild editor after media report"</a>. <i>Reuters</i>. 18 October 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211020191650/https://www.reuters.com/business/media-telecom/germanys-axel-springer-dismisses-top-bild-editor-after-media-reports-2021-10-18/">Archived</a> from the original on 20 October 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 October</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Germany%27s+Axel+Springer+fires+top+Bild+editor+after+media+report&rft.date=2021-10-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fbusiness%2Fmedia-telecom%2Fgermanys-axel-springer-dismisses-top-bild-editor-after-media-reports-2021-10-18%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAxel+Springer+SE" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFekete2024" class="citation journal cs1">Fekete, Liz (24 May 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/03063968241253708">"Anti-Palestinian racism and the criminalisation of international solidarity in Europe"</a>. <i>Race & Class</i>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F03063968241253708">10.1177/03063968241253708</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0306-3968">0306-3968</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Race+%26+Class&rft.atitle=Anti-Palestinian+racism+and+the+criminalisation+of+international+solidarity+in+Europe&rft.date=2024-05-24&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F03063968241253708&rft.issn=0306-3968&rft.aulast=Fekete&rft.aufirst=Liz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjournals.sagepub.com%2Fdoi%2F10.1177%2F03063968241253708&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAxel+Springer+SE" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNDR" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">NDR, Klaas-Wilhelm Brandenburg und Noura Mahdhaoui. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tagesschau.de/inland/gesellschaft/berichterstattung-gaza-100.html">"Deutsche Berichterstattung über Nahost-Krieg erweckt wenig Vertrauen"</a>. <i>tagesschau.de</i> (in German)<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007511396605171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/032308531">IdRef</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) 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navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Kohlberg_Kravis_Roberts" title="Template:Kohlberg Kravis Roberts"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:white">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Kohlberg_Kravis_Roberts" title="Template talk:Kohlberg Kravis Roberts"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:white">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Kohlberg_Kravis_Roberts" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Kohlberg Kravis Roberts"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:white">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Kohlberg_Kravis_Roberts" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Kohlberg_Kravis_Roberts" title="Kohlberg Kravis Roberts"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">Kohlberg Kravis Roberts</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#4B0082; color:white;;width:1%">Founders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jerome_Kohlberg_Jr." title="Jerome Kohlberg Jr.">Jerome Kohlberg Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Kravis" title="Henry Kravis">Henry Kravis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_R._Roberts" title="George R. Roberts">George R. Roberts</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kohlberg_Kravis_Roberts_(logo).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Kohlberg_Kravis_Roberts_%28logo%29.svg/140px-Kohlberg_Kravis_Roberts_%28logo%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="140" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Kohlberg_Kravis_Roberts_%28logo%29.svg/210px-Kohlberg_Kravis_Roberts_%28logo%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Kohlberg_Kravis_Roberts_%28logo%29.svg/280px-Kohlberg_Kravis_Roberts_%28logo%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="255" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#4B0082; color:white;;width:1%">Investments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bharti_Enterprises" title="Bharti Enterprises">Bharti Enterprises</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caf%C3%A9_Coffee_Day" title="Café Coffee Day">Café Coffee Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capsugel" title="Capsugel">Capsugel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laureate_Education" title="Laureate Education">Laureate Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nielsen_Holdings" title="Nielsen Holdings">Nielsen Holdings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ProSiebenSat.1_Media" title="ProSiebenSat.1 Media">ProSiebenSat.1 Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sealy_Corporation" title="Sealy Corporation">Sealy Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven_West_Media" title="Seven West Media">Seven West Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TDC_A/S" class="mw-redirect" title="TDC A/S">TDC A/S</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toys_%22R%22_Us" title="Toys "R" Us">Toys "R" Us</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visma" title="Visma">Visma</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#4B0082; color:white;;width:1%">Subsidiaries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Food</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arnott%27s_Group" title="Arnott's Group">Arnott's Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borden_Dairy" title="Borden Dairy">Borden Dairy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Del_Monte_Foods" title="Del Monte Foods">Del Monte Foods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dollar_General" title="Dollar General">Dollar General</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flora_Food_Group" title="Flora Food Group">Flora Food Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/US_Foods" title="US Foods">US Foods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wild_(company)" title="Wild (company)">Wild</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Electronics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alludo" title="Alludo">Alludo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BMC_Software" title="BMC Software">BMC Software</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DZS" title="DZS">DZS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonine_Holding" title="Leonine Holding">Leonine Holding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northgate_Public_Services" class="mw-redirect" title="Northgate Public Services">Northgate Public Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OverDrive_Inc" class="mw-redirect" title="OverDrive Inc">OverDrive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trainline" title="Trainline">Trainline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yageo" title="Yageo">Yageo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Financial</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/China_International_Capital_Corporation" title="China International Capital Corporation">CICC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colonial_First_State" title="Colonial First State">Colonial First State</a> (55%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Data" title="First Data">First Data</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Health & retail</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Academy_Sports_%2B_Outdoors" title="Academy Sports + Outdoors">Academy Sports + Outdoors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/America%27s_Best_Contacts_%26_Eyeglasses" title="America's Best Contacts & Eyeglasses">America's Best Contacts & Eyeglasses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hospital_Corporation_of_America" class="mw-redirect" title="Hospital Corporation of America">Hospital Corporation of America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oasis_Shopping_Centre" title="Oasis Shopping Centre">Oasis Shopping Centre</a> (60%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pets_at_Home" title="Pets at Home">Pets at Home</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Industrial manufacture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colonial_Pipeline" title="Colonial Pipeline">Colonial Pipeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_Future_Holdings" title="Energy Future Holdings">Energy Future Holdings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KION_Group" title="KION Group">KION Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legrand_(company)" title="Legrand (company)">Legrand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marelli_Holdings" title="Marelli Holdings">Marelli Holdings</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marelli_Europe" title="Marelli Europe">Marelli Europe</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maxeda" title="Maxeda">Maxeda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NXP_Semiconductors" title="NXP Semiconductors">NXP Semiconductors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oriental_Brewery" title="Oriental Brewery">Oriental Brewery</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Infastructure</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Laing_Group" title="John Laing Group">John Laing Group</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Simon_%26_Schuster" title="Simon & Schuster">Simon & Schuster</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aladdin_Paperbacks" title="Aladdin Paperbacks">Aladdin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atheneum_Books" title="Atheneum Books">Atheneum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atria_Publishing_Group" title="Atria Publishing Group">Atria Publishing Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Scribner%27s_Sons" title="Charles Scribner's Sons">Scribner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallery_Publishing_Group" title="Gallery Publishing Group">Gallery Publishing Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pimsleur_Language_Programs" title="Pimsleur Language Programs">Pimsleur</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/37_INK" title="37 INK">37 INK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_Books" title="Howard Books">Howard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pocket_Books" title="Pocket Books">Pocket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Threshold_Editions" title="Threshold Editions">Threshold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Press_(publisher)" title="Free Press (publisher)">Free Press</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veen_Bosch_%26_Keuning" title="Veen Bosch & Keuning">Veen Bosch & Keuning</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Van_Dale" title="Van Dale">Van Dale</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aricent" title="Aricent">Aricent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borden_(company)" title="Borden (company)">Borden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Paso_Corp" class="mw-redirect" title="El Paso Corp">El Paso Corp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legg_Mason" title="Legg Mason">Legg Mason</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RJR_Nabisco" title="RJR Nabisco">RJR Nabisco</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#4B0082; color:white;;width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kohlberg_%26_Company" title="Kohlberg & Company">Kohlberg & Company</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Barbarians_at_the_Gate" title="Barbarians at the Gate">Barbarians at the Gate</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Barbarians_at_the_Gate_(film)" title="Barbarians at the Gate (film)">film</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background:#4B0082; color:white;"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Kohlberg_Kravis_Roberts" title="Category:Kohlberg Kravis Roberts">Category</a></li></ul> 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