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id="toc-1866–1900:_Founding_and_early_years" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1866–1900:_Founding_and_early_years"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>1866–1900: Founding and early years</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1866–1900:_Founding_and_early_years-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Timeline" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Timeline"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.1</span> <span>Timeline</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Timeline-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1901–1989:_Mergers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1901–1989:_Mergers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>1901–1989: Mergers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1901–1989:_Mergers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1990–2011:_International_growth" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1990–2011:_International_growth"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>1990–2011: International growth</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1990–2011:_International_growth-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2012–present" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2012–present"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>2012–present</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2012–present-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Corporate_affairs_and_governance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Corporate_affairs_and_governance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Corporate affairs and governance</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Corporate_affairs_and_governance-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Corporate affairs and governance subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Corporate_affairs_and_governance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Financial_data" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Financial_data"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Financial data</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Financial_data-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Joint_ventures" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Joint_ventures"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Joint ventures</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Joint_ventures-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-CEO" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#CEO"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>CEO</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-CEO-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Board_of_directors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Board_of_directors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Board of directors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Board_of_directors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lobbying" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lobbying"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Lobbying</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lobbying-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Products" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Products"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Products</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Products-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sponsorships" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sponsorships"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Sponsorships</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Sponsorships-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Sponsorships subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Sponsorships-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Music_and_entertainment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Music_and_entertainment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Music and entertainment</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Music_and_entertainment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Sports</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Controversies_and_criticisms" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Controversies_and_criticisms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Controversies and criticisms</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Controversies_and_criticisms-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Controversies and criticisms subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Controversies_and_criticisms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Baby_formula_marketing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Baby_formula_marketing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Baby formula marketing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Baby_formula_marketing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Slavery_and_child_labour" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Slavery_and_child_labour"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Slavery and child labour</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Slavery_and_child_labour-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Food_safety" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Food_safety"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Food safety</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Food_safety-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Water" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Water"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Water</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Water-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Turkish_parliament" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Turkish_parliament"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5</span> <span>Turkish parliament</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Turkish_parliament-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Corporate_social_responsibility" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Corporate_social_responsibility"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Corporate social responsibility</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Corporate_social_responsibility-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Awards" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Awards"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Awards</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Awards-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Explanatory_notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Explanatory_notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Explanatory notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Explanatory_notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" 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Available in 84 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-84" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">84 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9" title="Nestlé – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Nestlé" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9" title="Nestlé – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Nestlé" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%84%D9%87" title="نستله – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="نستله" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9" title="Nestlé – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Nestlé" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9" title="Nestlé – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Nestlé" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9" title="Nestlé – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Nestlé" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestle" title="Nestle – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Nestle" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%84%D9%87" title="نستله – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="نستله" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%87" title="নেসলে – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="নেসলে" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9" title="Nestlé – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Nestlé" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9" title="Nestlé – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Nestlé" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9" title="Nestlé – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Nestlé" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9" title="Nestlé – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Nestlé" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Нестле – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Нестле" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9" title="Nestlé – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Nestlé" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestle" title="Nestle – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Nestle" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9" title="Nestlé – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Nestlé" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9" title="Nestlé – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Nestlé" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9" title="Nestlé – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Nestlé" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9" title="Nestlé – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Nestlé" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9" title="Nestlé – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Nestlé" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9" title="Nestlé – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Nestlé" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9" title="Nestlé – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Nestlé" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9" title="Nestlé – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Nestlé" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9" title="Nestlé – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Nestlé" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%84%D9%87" title="نستله – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نستله" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9" title="Nestlé – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Nestlé" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9" title="Nestlé – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Nestlé" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9" title="Nestlé – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Nestlé" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%84%A4%EC%8A%AC%EB%A0%88" title="네슬레 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="네슬레" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%86%D5%A5%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%AC%D5%A5" title="Նեստլե – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Նեստլե" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87" title="नेस्ले – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="नेस्ले" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9" title="Nestlé – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Nestlé" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9" title="Nestlé – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Nestlé" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9" title="Nestlé – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Nestlé" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9" title="Nestlé – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Nestlé" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A0%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%9C%D7%94" title="נסטלה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="נסטלה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9" title="Nestlé – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Nestlé" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%86" title="ನೆಸ್ಲೆ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ನೆಸ್ಲೆ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9" title="Nestlé – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="Nestlé" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9" title="Nestlé – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Nestlé" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9" title="Nestlé – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Nestlé" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9" title="Nestlé – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Nestlé" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9" title="Nestlé – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Nestlé" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9" title="Nestlé – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Nestlé" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestle" title="Nestle – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Nestle" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9" title="Nestlé – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Nestlé" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%86" title="നെസ്ലെ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="നെസ്ലെ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87" title="नेस्ले – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="नेस्ले" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9" title="Nestlé – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Nestlé" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9" title="Nestlé – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Nestlé" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8D%E3%82%B9%E3%83%AC" title="ネスレ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ネスレ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9" title="Nestlé – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Nestlé" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9" title="Nestlé – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Nestlé" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestle" title="Nestle – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Nestle" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%87" title="ਨੇਸਲੇ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਨੇਸਲੇ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%84%DB%92" title="نیسلے – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="نیسلے" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9" title="Nestlé – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Nestlé" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9" title="Nestlé – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Nestlé" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9" title="Nestlé – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Nestlé" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9" title="Nestlé – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Nestlé" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9" title="Nestlé – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Nestlé" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9" title="Nestlé – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Nestlé" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9" title="Nestlé – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Nestlé" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9" title="Nestlé – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Nestlé" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9" title="Nestlé – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Nestlé" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9" title="Nestlé – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Nestlé" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9" title="Nestlé – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Nestlé" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9" title="Nestlé – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Nestlé" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9" title="Nestlé – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Nestlé" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9" title="Nestlé – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Nestlé" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%87" title="நெஸ்லே – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="நெஸ்லே" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%97%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88" title="เนสท์เล่ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เนสท์เล่" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9" title="Nestlé – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Nestlé" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9" title="Nestlé – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Nestlé" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%84%DB%92" title="نیسلے – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="نیسلے" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A8" title="Nestlè – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Nestlè" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9" title="Nestlé – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Nestlé" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9" title="Nestlé – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Nestlé" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9B%80%E5%B7%A2%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8" title="雀巢公司 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="雀巢公司" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9" title="Nestlé – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Nestlé" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9B%80%E5%B7%A2%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8" title="雀巢公司 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="雀巢公司" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9B%80%E5%B7%A2" title="雀巢 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="雀巢" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A9sl%C3%A9" title="Néslé – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Néslé" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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.hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Nestle" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Nestle_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Nestle (disambiguation)">Nestle (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1242257876">.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-label{padding-right:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-below{line-height:1.35em}.mw-parser-output .ib-company-logo img{background-color:#f8f9fa}.mw-parser-output .ib-company-locality,.mw-parser-output .ib-company-country{display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-company vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Nestlé S.A.</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image ib-company-logo logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nestl%C3%A9.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/d8/Nestl%C3%A9.svg/160px-Nestl%C3%A9.svg.png" decoding="async" width="160" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/d8/Nestl%C3%A9.svg/240px-Nestl%C3%A9.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/d8/Nestl%C3%A9.svg/320px-Nestl%C3%A9.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="311" data-file-height="322" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image ib-company-logo logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nestl%C3%A9%27s_Headquarters.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nestl%C3%A9%27s_Headquarters.jpeg/250px-Nestl%C3%A9%27s_Headquarters.jpeg" decoding="async" width="250" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nestl%C3%A9%27s_Headquarters.jpeg/375px-Nestl%C3%A9%27s_Headquarters.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1b/Nestl%C3%A9%27s_Headquarters.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="421" data-file-height="268" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Nestlé's Headquarters in <a href="/wiki/Vevey" title="Vevey">Vevey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vaud" title="Vaud">Vaud</a>, Switzerland.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Formerly</th><td class="infobox-data nickname"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>List</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <ul><li>Anglo-Swiss Condensed Milk Company (1866–1867)</li> <li>Farine Lactée Henri Nestlé (1867–1905)</li> <li>Nestlé and Anglo-Swiss Condensed Milk Company (1905–1947)</li> <li>Nestlé Alimentana SA (1947–1977)</li></ul> </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Company type</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Public_company" title="Public company">Public</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Ticker_symbol" title="Ticker symbol">Traded as</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/SIX_Swiss_Exchange" title="SIX Swiss Exchange">SIX</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.six-group.com/en/products-services/the-swiss-stock-exchange/market-data/news-tools/product-search.html?security=NESN">NESN</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/International_Securities_Identification_Number" title="International Securities Identification Number">ISIN</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://isin.toolforge.org/?language=en&isin=CH0038863350">CH0038863350</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Industry</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Food_processing" title="Food processing">Food processing</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Predecessor</th><td class="infobox-data">Hollandia <span class="penicon autoconfirmed-show"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160746?uselang=en#P155" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">1866<span class="noprint">; 158 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1866</span>)</span> (for the Anglo-Swiss Condensed Milk Company branch)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founder</th><td class="infobox-data agent"><a href="/wiki/Henri_Nestl%C3%A9" title="Henri Nestlé">Henri Nestlé</a> (for the Farine Lactée Henri Nestlé branch)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Vevey" title="Vevey">Vevey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Area served</div></th><td class="infobox-data">Worldwide</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Key people</div></th><td class="infobox-data agent"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Bulcke" title="Paul Bulcke">Paul Bulcke</a><sup id="cite_ref-Management_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Management-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/Chairman" class="mw-redirect" title="Chairman">chairman</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laurent_Freixe" title="Laurent Freixe">Laurent Freixe</a><sup id="cite_ref-Management_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Management-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/Chief_executive_officer" title="Chief executive officer">CEO</a>)</li> <li>David McDaniel<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/Chief_executive_officer" title="Chief executive officer">CFO</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Products</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baby_food" title="Baby food">Baby food</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Coffee" title="Coffee">coffee</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Dairy_products" class="mw-redirect" title="Dairy products">dairy products</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Breakfast_cereals" class="mw-redirect" title="Breakfast cereals">breakfast cereals</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Confectionery" title="Confectionery">confectionery</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Bottled_water" title="Bottled water">bottled water</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Ice_cream" title="Ice cream">ice cream</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Pet_foods" class="mw-redirect" title="Pet foods">pet foods</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Dietary_supplement" title="Dietary supplement">dietary supplements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Protein_supplement" title="Protein supplement">protein supplements</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Brands</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Nestl%C3%A9_brands" title="List of Nestlé brands">List of Nestlé brands</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Revenue</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Swiss_franc" title="Swiss franc">CHF</a> 92.998 billion (2023)</span><sup id="cite_ref-AR2022_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AR2022-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Earnings_before_interest_and_taxes" title="Earnings before interest and taxes">Operating income</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> CHF 14.520 billion (2023)</span><sup id="cite_ref-AR2022_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AR2022-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Net_income" title="Net income">Net income</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> CHF 11.209 billion (2023)</span><sup id="cite_ref-AR2022_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AR2022-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Asset" title="Asset">Total assets</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> CHF 126.550 billion (2023)</span><sup id="cite_ref-AR2022_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AR2022-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Equity_(finance)" title="Equity (finance)">Total equity</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> CHF 36.387 billion (2023)</span><sup id="cite_ref-AR2022_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AR2022-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Number of employees</div></th><td class="infobox-data">270,000 (2023)<sup id="cite_ref-AR2022_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AR2022-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Subsidiary" title="Subsidiary">Subsidiaries</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Cereal_Partners_Worldwide" title="Cereal Partners Worldwide">Cereal Partners Worldwide</a> (50%)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nestle.com/">nestle.com</a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"><b>Footnotes / references</b><br /><sup id="cite_ref-AR2022_3-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AR2022-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-AR2021_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AR2021-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Nestlé S.A.</b><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="/ɛ/: 'e' in 'dress'">ɛ</span><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="/eɪ/: 'a' in 'face'">eɪ</span></span>,<span class="wrap"> </span>-<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="/i/: 'y' in 'happy'">i</span></span>,<span class="wrap"> </span>-<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/əl/: 'le' in 'bottle'">əl</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">NESS</span>-lay, -⁠lee, -⁠əl</i></a>,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">French:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="fr-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/French" title="Help:IPA/French">[nɛsle]</a></span>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">German:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="de-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Standard_German" title="Help:IPA/Standard German">[ˈnɛstlə]</a></span> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/d\/da\/De-Nestl%C3%A9.ogg\/De-Nestl%C3%A9.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"De-Nestl\u00e9.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/da/De-Nestl%C3%A9.ogg/De-Nestl%C3%A9.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:De-Nestl%C3%A9.ogg" title="File:De-Nestlé.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span>) is a Swiss multinational food and drink processing conglomerate corporation headquartered in <a href="/wiki/Vevey" title="Vevey">Vevey</a>, Switzerland. It has been the largest publicly held food company in the world, measured by revenue and other metrics, since 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-money.cnn.com_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-money.cnn.com-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It ranked No. 64 on the <a href="/wiki/Fortune_Global_500" title="Fortune Global 500"><i>Fortune</i> Global 500</a> in 2017.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2023, the company was ranked 50th in the <a href="/wiki/Forbes_Global_2000" title="Forbes Global 2000">Forbes Global 2000</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nestlé's products include coffee and tea, candy and confectionery, bottled water, <a href="/wiki/Infant_formula" title="Infant formula">infant formula</a> and <a href="/wiki/Baby_food" title="Baby food">baby food</a>, dairy products and ice cream, frozen foods, breakfast cereals, dry packaged foods and snacks, pet foods, and <a href="/wiki/Medical_food" title="Medical food">medical food</a>. Twenty-nine of Nestlé's brands have annual sales of over 1 billion <a href="/wiki/Swiss_franc" title="Swiss franc">CHF</a> (about <span style="white-space: nowrap"><a href="/wiki/United_States_dollar" title="United States dollar">US$</a>1.1<span class="nowrap"> </span>billion</span>),<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> including <a href="/wiki/Nespresso" title="Nespresso">Nespresso</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nescaf%C3%A9" title="Nescafé">Nescafé</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kit_Kat" title="Kit Kat">Kit Kat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Smarties" title="Smarties">Smarties</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nesquik" title="Nesquik">Nesquik</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stouffer%27s" title="Stouffer's">Stouffer's</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vittel_(water)" title="Vittel (water)">Vittel</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Maggi" title="Maggi">Maggi</a>. Nestlé has 447 factories, operates in 189 countries, and employs around 339,000 people.<sup id="cite_ref-AR2014_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AR2014-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is one of the main shareholders of <a href="/wiki/L%27Or%C3%A9al" title="L'Oréal">L'Oreal</a>, the world's largest cosmetics company.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nestlé was formed in 1905 by the merger of the "Anglo-Swiss Milk Company", which was established in 1866 by brothers George and Charles Page, and "Farine Lactée Henri Nestlé" founded in 1867 by <a href="/wiki/Henri_Nestl%C3%A9" title="Henri Nestlé">Henri Nestlé</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The company grew significantly during <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a> and again following <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, expanding its offerings beyond its early <a href="/wiki/Condensed_milk" title="Condensed milk">condensed milk</a> and <a href="/wiki/Infant_formula" title="Infant formula">infant formula</a> products. The company has made a number of corporate acquisitions including <a href="/wiki/Crosse_%26_Blackwell" title="Crosse & Blackwell">Crosse & Blackwell</a> in 1960, <a href="/wiki/Findus" title="Findus">Findus</a> in 1963, <a href="/wiki/Libby%27s" title="Libby's">Libby's</a> in 1971, <a href="/wiki/Rowntree_Mackintosh_Confectionery" title="Rowntree Mackintosh Confectionery">Rowntree Mackintosh</a> in 1988, <a href="/wiki/Klim_(powdered_milk)" title="Klim (powdered milk)">Klim</a> in 1998, and <a href="/wiki/Gerber_Products_Company" title="Gerber Products Company">Gerber</a> in 2007. </p><p>The company has been associated with <a href="/wiki/Controversies_of_Nestl%C3%A9" title="Controversies of Nestlé">various controversies</a>, facing criticism and <a href="/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9_boycott" class="mw-redirect" title="Nestlé boycott">boycotts</a> over its marketing of baby formula as an alternative to <a href="/wiki/Breastfeeding" title="Breastfeeding">breastfeeding</a> in developing countries (where clean water may be scarce), its reliance on <a href="/wiki/Child_labour_in_cocoa_production" title="Child labour in cocoa production">child labour in cocoa production</a>, and its production and promotion of <a href="/wiki/Bottled_water" title="Bottled water">bottled water</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1866–1900:_Founding_and_early_years"><span id="1866.E2.80.931900:_Founding_and_early_years"></span>1866–1900: Founding and early years</h3></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Henry_Nestle.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ae/Henry_Nestle.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="183" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="140" data-file-height="183" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Henri_Nestl%C3%A9" title="Henri Nestlé">Henri Nestlé</a> (1814–1890), a German-born Swiss confectioner, was the founder of Nestlé and one of the main creators of <a href="/wiki/Condensed_milk" title="Condensed milk">condensed milk</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Nestlé's origin dates back to the 1860s when two separate Swiss enterprises were founded that would later form Nestlé. In the following decades, the two competing enterprises expanded their businesses throughout <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a> and the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Timeline">Timeline</h4></div> <ul><li>1866: Charles Page (<a href="/wiki/Switzerland%E2%80%93United_States_relations#Diplomatic_relations" title="Switzerland–United States relations">US consul to Switzerland</a>) and George Page, brothers from <a href="/wiki/Lee_County,_Illinois" title="Lee County, Illinois">Lee County, Illinois</a> established the Anglo-Swiss Condensed Milk Company in <a href="/wiki/Cham,_Switzerland" title="Cham, Switzerland">Cham</a>, Switzerland. The company's first British operation was opened at <a href="/wiki/Chippenham" title="Chippenham">Chippenham</a>, Wiltshire in 1873.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1867: In Vevey, Switzerland, <a href="/wiki/Henri_Nestl%C3%A9" title="Henri Nestlé">Henri Nestlé</a> developed milk-based baby food and soon began marketing it. The following year, <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Peter" title="Daniel Peter">Daniel Peter</a> began seven years of work perfecting the <a href="/wiki/Types_of_chocolate" title="Types of chocolate">milk chocolate</a> manufacturing process. Nestlé had the solution Peter needed to fix his problem of removing all the water from the milk added to his chocolate, thus preventing the product from developing mildew.</li> <li>1875: Henri Nestlé retired; the company, under new ownership, retained his name as <i>Société Farine Lactée Henri Nestlé</i>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1877: Anglo-Swiss added milk-based baby foods to its products; in the following year, the Nestlé Company added <a href="/wiki/Condensed_milk" title="Condensed milk">condensed milk</a> to its portfolio, which made the firms direct rivals.</li> <li>1879: Nestlé merged with milk chocolate inventor Daniel Peter.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1890: Henri Nestlé died.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1901–1989:_Mergers"><span id="1901.E2.80.931989:_Mergers"></span>1901–1989: Mergers</h3></div> <p>In the late 19th and early 20th century, Henri Nestlé and his successors participated in the development of the <a href="/wiki/Swiss_chocolate" title="Swiss chocolate">chocolate industry in Switzerland</a>, together with the <a href="/wiki/Peter%27s_Chocolate" title="Peter's Chocolate">Peter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chocolat_Kohler" title="Chocolat Kohler">Kohler</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Cailler" title="Cailler">Cailler</a> families.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1904, Daniel Peter and Charles-Amédée Kohler (son of <a href="/wiki/Charles-Am%C3%A9d%C3%A9e_Kohler" title="Charles-Amédée Kohler">Charles-Amédée Kohler</a> who founded a chocolate factory in 1830) became partners and founded the <i>Société générale suisse des chocolats Peter et Kohler réunis</i>. In 1911, the company created by Peter and Kohler merged with Cailler.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Alexandre Cailler (grandson of <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois-Louis_Cailler" title="François-Louis Cailler">François-Louis Cailler</a>) had founded a chocolate factory in <a href="/wiki/Broc" title="Broc">Broc</a> in 1898, still used by Nestlé today; which enabled the production of milk chocolate on a large scale. In 1929, Peter, Cailler, Kohler, Chocolats Suisses finally merged with the Nestlé group.<sup id="cite_ref-Chrystal_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chrystal-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Industry_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Industry-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An earlier alliance in 1904 between Peter and Nestlé also allowed the production of milk chocolate in the United States, at the <a href="/wiki/Fulton,_Oswego_County,_New_York" title="Fulton, Oswego County, New York">Fulton</a> plant.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1905, Nestlé and Anglo-Swiss merged to become the Nestlé and Anglo-Swiss Condensed Milk Company, retaining that name until 1947 when the name 'Nestlé Alimentana SA' was taken as a result of the acquisition of Fabrique de Produits <a href="/wiki/Maggi" title="Maggi">Maggi</a> SA (founded 1884) and its holding company, Alimentana SA, of Kempttal, Switzerland. The company's current name was adopted in 1977. By the early 1900s, the company was operating factories in the United States, the United Kingdom, Germany, and Spain.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/First_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First World War">First World War</a> created a demand for dairy products in the form of government contracts, and by the end of the war, Nestlé's production had more than doubled.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tleft"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:292px;max-width:292px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:145px;max-width:145px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:219px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nestl%C3%A9_Food_advertisement,_1915.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Nestl%C3%A9_Food_advertisement%2C_1915.jpg/143px-Nestl%C3%A9_Food_advertisement%2C_1915.jpg" decoding="async" width="143" height="219" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Nestl%C3%A9_Food_advertisement%2C_1915.jpg/215px-Nestl%C3%A9_Food_advertisement%2C_1915.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Nestl%C3%A9_Food_advertisement%2C_1915.jpg/286px-Nestl%C3%A9_Food_advertisement%2C_1915.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2424" data-file-height="3713" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">A 1915 advertisement for "Nestlés Food", an early <a href="/wiki/Infant_formula" title="Infant formula">infant formula</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:143px;max-width:143px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:219px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nestle_and_Anglo-Swiss_Condensed_Milk_1918.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Nestle_and_Anglo-Swiss_Condensed_Milk_1918.jpg/141px-Nestle_and_Anglo-Swiss_Condensed_Milk_1918.jpg" decoding="async" width="141" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Nestle_and_Anglo-Swiss_Condensed_Milk_1918.jpg/212px-Nestle_and_Anglo-Swiss_Condensed_Milk_1918.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Nestle_and_Anglo-Swiss_Condensed_Milk_1918.jpg/282px-Nestle_and_Anglo-Swiss_Condensed_Milk_1918.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3228" data-file-height="5028" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Certificate for 100 shares of the Nestlé and Anglo-Swiss Condensed Milk Co., issued 1. November 1918</div></div></div></div></div> <p>In January 1919, Nestlé bought two condensed milk plants in <a href="/wiki/Oregon" title="Oregon">Oregon</a> from the company <a href="/wiki/Geibisch_and_Joplin" class="mw-redirect" title="Geibisch and Joplin">Geibisch and Joplin</a> for $250,000. One was in <a href="/wiki/Bandon,_Oregon" title="Bandon, Oregon">Bandon</a>, while the other was in <a href="/wiki/Milwaukie,_Oregon" title="Milwaukie, Oregon">Milwaukie</a>. They expanded them considerably, processing 250,000 pounds of condensed milk daily in the Bandon plant.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Aleppo_Nestle_building_Tilal_street_1920s,_postcard_by_Wattar_brothers.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Aleppo_Nestle_building_Tilal_street_1920s%2C_postcard_by_Wattar_brothers.jpg/220px-Aleppo_Nestle_building_Tilal_street_1920s%2C_postcard_by_Wattar_brothers.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Aleppo_Nestle_building_Tilal_street_1920s%2C_postcard_by_Wattar_brothers.jpg/330px-Aleppo_Nestle_building_Tilal_street_1920s%2C_postcard_by_Wattar_brothers.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Aleppo_Nestle_building_Tilal_street_1920s%2C_postcard_by_Wattar_brothers.jpg/440px-Aleppo_Nestle_building_Tilal_street_1920s%2C_postcard_by_Wattar_brothers.jpg 2x" data-file-width="820" data-file-height="587" /></a><figcaption>Aleppo Nestlé building Tilal street 1920s</figcaption></figure> <p>After the <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>, government contracts dried up, and consumers switched back to fresh milk. However, Nestlé's management responded quickly, streamlining operations and reducing debt. The 1920s saw Nestlé's first expansion into new products, with chocolate-manufacture becoming the company's second most important activity; <a href="/wiki/Milkybar" title="Milkybar">white chocolate</a> was created in the following decade. Louis Dapples was CEO till 1937 when succeeded by <a href="/wiki/%C3%89douard_Muller_(Nestl%C3%A9)" class="mw-redirect" title="Édouard Muller (Nestlé)">Édouard Muller</a> till his death in 1948. </p><p>Nestlé felt the effects of the <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">Second World War</a> immediately. Profits dropped from US$20 million in 1938 to US$6 million in 1939.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Factories were established in developing countries, particularly in South America.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ironically, the war helped with the introduction of the company's newest product, <a href="/wiki/Nescaf%C3%A9" title="Nescafé">Nescafé</a> ("Nestlé's Coffee"), which became a staple drink of the US military. Despite that, Nestlé actually supplied both sides in the war: the company had a contract to feed the German army. Nestlé's production and sales rose in the wartime economy.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nestle%27s_old_logo.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/5/57/Nestle%27s_old_logo.png" decoding="async" width="139" height="82" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="139" data-file-height="82" /></a><figcaption>The logo that Nestlé used from 1938 to 1966<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>The end of World War II was the beginning of a dynamic phase for Nestlé. Growth accelerated and numerous companies were acquired. In 1947 Nestlé merged with <a href="/wiki/Maggi" title="Maggi">Maggi</a>, a manufacturer of seasonings and soups. <a href="/wiki/Crosse_%26_Blackwell" title="Crosse & Blackwell">Crosse & Blackwell</a> followed in 1950, as did <a href="/wiki/Findus" title="Findus">Findus</a> (1963), <a href="/wiki/Libby%27s" title="Libby's">Libby's</a> (1971), and <a href="/wiki/Stouffer%27s" title="Stouffer's">Stouffer's</a> (1973).<sup id="cite_ref-ukessays.com_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ukessays.com-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Diversification came under chairman & CEO <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Liotard-Vogt" title="Pierre Liotard-Vogt">Pierre Liotard-Vogt</a> with a shareholding in <a href="/wiki/L%27Or%C3%A9al" title="L'Oréal">L'Oreal</a> in 1974 and the acquisition of <a href="/wiki/Alcon" title="Alcon">Alcon Laboratories Inc.</a> in 1977 for $280 million.<sup id="cite_ref-ukessays.com_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ukessays.com-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 1980s, Nestlé's improved bottom line allowed the company to launch further acquisitions. <a href="/wiki/Carnation_(trademark)" class="mw-redirect" title="Carnation (trademark)">Carnation</a> was acquired for US$3 billion in 1984 and brought the <a href="/wiki/Evaporated_milk" title="Evaporated milk">evaporated milk</a> brand, as well as <a href="/wiki/Coffee-Mate" title="Coffee-Mate">Coffee-Mate</a> and <a href="/wiki/Friskies" title="Friskies">Friskies</a>, to Nestlé. In 1986, the company founded <a href="/wiki/Nespresso" title="Nespresso">Nestlé Nespresso S.A.</a> The British confectionery company <a href="/wiki/Rowntree%27s" title="Rowntree's">Rowntree Mackintosh</a> was acquired in 1988 for $4.5 billion, which brought brands such as <a href="/wiki/Kit_Kat" title="Kit Kat">Kit Kat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rolo" title="Rolo">Rolo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Smarties" title="Smarties">Smarties</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Aero_(chocolate)" class="mw-redirect" title="Aero (chocolate)">Aero</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1990–2011:_International_growth"><span id="1990.E2.80.932011:_International_growth"></span>1990–2011: International growth</h3></div> <p>The first half of the 1990s proved to be favourable for Nestlé. Trade barriers crumbled, and world markets developed into more or less integrated trading areas. Since 1996, there have been various acquisitions, including <a href="/wiki/S.Pellegrino" title="S.Pellegrino">San Pellegrino</a> (1997), <a href="/wiki/D%27Onofrio_(brand)" title="D'Onofrio (brand)">D'Onofrio</a> (1997), <a href="/wiki/Spillers" title="Spillers">Spillers Petfoods</a> (1998), and <a href="/wiki/Ralston_Purina" title="Ralston Purina">Ralston Purina</a> (2002). There were two major acquisitions in North America, both in 2002 – in June, Nestlé merged its US ice cream business into <a href="/wiki/Dreyer%27s" title="Dreyer's">Dreyer's</a>, and in August, a <span style="white-space: nowrap"><a href="/wiki/United_States_dollar" title="United States dollar">US$</a>2.6<span class="nowrap"> </span>billion</span> acquisition was announced of <a href="/wiki/Chef_America" class="mw-redirect" title="Chef America">Chef America</a>, the creator of <a href="/wiki/Hot_Pockets" title="Hot Pockets">Hot Pockets</a>. In the same time-frame, Nestlé entered in a joint bid with Cadbury and came close to purchasing the American company <a href="/wiki/The_Hershey_Company" title="The Hershey Company">Hershey's</a>, one of its fiercest confectionery competitors, but the deal eventually fell through.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In December 2005, Nestlé bought the Greek company Delta Ice Cream for €240 million.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In January 2006, it took full ownership of Dreyer's, thus becoming the world's largest ice cream maker, with a 17.5% market share.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In June 2006, Nestlé purchased weight-loss company <a href="/wiki/Jenny_Craig,_Inc." title="Jenny Craig, Inc.">Jenny Craig</a> for <span style="white-space: nowrap">US$600<span class="nowrap"> </span>million</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In July 2007, completing a deal announced the year before, Nestlé acquired the Medical Nutrition division of Novartis Pharmaceutical for <span style="white-space: nowrap">US$2.5<span class="nowrap"> </span>billion</span> and also acquiring the milk-flavoring product known as <a href="/wiki/Ovaltine" title="Ovaltine">Ovaltine</a>, the "Boost" and "Resource" lines of nutritional supplements, and Optifast dieting products.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nestl%C3%A91.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Nestl%C3%A91.jpg/220px-Nestl%C3%A91.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Nestl%C3%A91.jpg/330px-Nestl%C3%A91.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Nestl%C3%A91.jpg/440px-Nestl%C3%A91.jpg 2x" data-file-width="821" data-file-height="581" /></a><figcaption>The Brazilian president, <a href="/wiki/Lula_da_Silva" class="mw-redirect" title="Lula da Silva">Lula da Silva</a>, inaugurates a factory in <a href="/wiki/Feira_de_Santana" title="Feira de Santana">Feira de Santana</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bahia" title="Bahia">Bahia</a>), in February 2007.</figcaption></figure> <p>In April 2007, returning to its roots, Nestlé bought US baby-food manufacturer <a href="/wiki/Gerber_Products_Company" title="Gerber Products Company">Gerber</a> for <span style="white-space: nowrap">US$5.5<span class="nowrap"> </span>billion</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In December 2007, Nestlé entered into a strategic partnership with a Belgian chocolate maker, Pierre Marcolini.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nestlé agreed to sell its controlling stake in <a href="/wiki/Alcon" title="Alcon">Alcon</a> to <a href="/wiki/Novartis" title="Novartis">Novartis</a> on 4 January 2010. The sale was to form part of a broader <span style="white-space: nowrap">US$39.3<span class="nowrap"> </span>billion</span> offer by Novartis for full acquisition of the world's largest eye-care company.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On March 2, 2010, Nestlé completed the purchase of <a href="/wiki/Kraft_Foods" title="Kraft Foods">Kraft Foods</a>'s North American frozen pizza business for <span style="white-space: nowrap">US$3.7<span class="nowrap"> </span>billion</span>, which included brands such as <a href="/wiki/DiGiorno" title="DiGiorno">DiGiorno</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tombstone_(pizza)" title="Tombstone (pizza)">Tombstone</a>, and <a href="/wiki/California_Pizza_Kitchen" title="California Pizza Kitchen">California Pizza Kitchen</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since 2010, Nestlé has been working to transform itself into a nutrition, health and wellness company in an effort to combat declining confectionery sales and the threat of expanding government regulation of such foods. This effort is being led through the Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences under the direction of Ed Baetge. The institute aims to develop "a new industry between food and pharmaceuticals" by creating foodstuffs with preventive and corrective health properties that would replace <a href="/wiki/Pharmaceutical_drug" class="mw-redirect" title="Pharmaceutical drug">pharmaceutical drugs</a> from pill bottles. The Health Science branch has already produced several products, such as drinks and protein shakes meant to combat malnutrition, diabetes, digestive health, obesity, and other diseases.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It acquired British pharmaceutical company <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vitaflo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vitaflo (page does not exist)">Vitaflo</a>, which makes clinical nutritional products for people with <a href="/wiki/Genetic_disorder" title="Genetic disorder">genetic disorders</a>, in August of 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In July 2011, Nestlé SA agreed to buy 60 percent of Hsu Fu Chi International Ltd. for about <span style="white-space: nowrap">US$1.7<span class="nowrap"> </span>billion</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 23 April 2012, Nestlé agreed to acquire <a href="/wiki/Pfizer_Inc." class="mw-redirect" title="Pfizer Inc.">Pfizer Inc.</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Baby_food" title="Baby food">infant-nutrition</a>, formerly Wyeth Nutrition, unit for <span style="white-space: nowrap">US$11.9<span class="nowrap"> </span>billion</span>, topping a joint bid from <a href="/wiki/Danone" title="Danone">Danone</a> and Mead Johnson.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2012–present"><span id="2012.E2.80.93present"></span>2012–present</h3></div> <p>In recent years, Nestlé Health Science has made several acquisitions: CM&D Pharma Ltd., a company that specialises in the development of products for patients with chronic conditions like kidney disease; and Prometheus Laboratories, a firm specialising in treatments for gastrointestinal diseases and cancer. It also holds a minority stake in Vital Foods, a New Zealand-based company that develops <a href="/wiki/Kiwifruit" title="Kiwifruit">kiwifruit</a>-based food products as of 2012.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nestlé sold its <a href="/wiki/Jenny_Craig,_Inc." title="Jenny Craig, Inc.">Jenny Craig</a> business unit to North Castle Partners in 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In February 2013, Nestlé Health Science bought Pamlab, which makes medical foods based on L-methylfolate targeting depression, diabetes, and memory loss.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In February 2014, Nestlé sold its PowerBar sports nutrition business to Post Holdings, Inc.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later, in November 2014, Nestlé announced that it was exploring strategic options for its frozen food subsidiary, Davigel.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In December 2014, Nestlé announced that it was opening 10 skin care research centres worldwide, deepening its investment in a faster-growing market for healthcare products. That year, Nestlé spent about $350 million on dermatology research and development. The first of the research hubs, Nestlé Skin Health Investigation, Education and Longevity Development (SHIELD) centres, will open mid 2015 in New York, followed by Hong Kong and São Paulo, and later others in North America, Asia, and Europe. The initiative is being launched in partnership with the Global Coalition on Aging (GCOA), a consortium that includes companies such as <a href="/wiki/Intel" title="Intel">Intel</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bank_of_America" title="Bank of America">Bank of America</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In January 2017, Nestlé announced that it was relocating its US headquarters from <a href="/wiki/Glendale,_California" title="Glendale, California">Glendale, California</a>, to <a href="/wiki/Rosslyn,_Virginia" title="Rosslyn, Virginia">Rosslyn, Virginia</a>, outside of <a href="/wiki/Washington,_DC" class="mw-redirect" title="Washington, DC">Washington, DC</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In March 2017, Nestlé announced that they will lower the sugar content in <a href="/wiki/Kit_Kat" title="Kit Kat">Kit Kat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yorkie_(chocolate_bar)" title="Yorkie (chocolate bar)">Yorkie</a> and <a href="/wiki/Aero_(chocolate)" class="mw-redirect" title="Aero (chocolate)">Aero</a> chocolate bars by 10% by 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In July, a similar announcement followed concerning the reduction of sugar content in its breakfast cereals in the UK.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The company announced a $20.8 billion share buyback in June 2017, following the publication of a letter written by <a href="/wiki/Third_Point_Management" class="mw-redirect" title="Third Point Management">Third Point Management</a> founder <a href="/wiki/Daniel_S._Loeb" title="Daniel S. Loeb">Daniel S. Loeb</a>, Nestlé's fourth-largest stakeholder with a $3.5 billion stake,<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> explaining how the firm should change its business structure.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Consequently, the firm will reportedly focus investment on sectors such as coffee and pet care and will seek acquisitions in the consumer health-care industry.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_61-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2016, Nestlé and <a href="/wiki/PAI_Partners" title="PAI Partners">PAI Partners</a> establish a joint venture, <a href="/wiki/Froneri" title="Froneri">Froneri</a>, to combine the two companies' ice cream activities throughout Europe and other international countries.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In July 2017, Nestlé introduced a new type of <a href="/wiki/Infant_formula" title="Infant formula">infant formula</a> in Spain, containing two <a href="/wiki/Human_milk_oligosaccharide" title="Human milk oligosaccharide">human milk oligosaccharides</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Oligosaccharides are the third most abundant components of breast milk with various health benefits, but previously were not part of infant formula. </p><p>In September 2017, Nestlé S.A. acquired a majority stake of <a href="/wiki/Blue_Bottle_Coffee" title="Blue Bottle Coffee">Blue Bottle Coffee</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While the deal's financial details were not disclosed, the <i>Financial Times</i> reported "Nestlé is understood to be paying up to $500m for the 68 per cent stake in Blue Bottle".<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In September 2017, Nestlé USA agreed to acquire Sweet Earth, a California-based producer of plant-based foods, for an undisclosed sum.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In January 2018, Nestlé USA announced it was selling its US confectionary business to <a href="/wiki/Ferrara_Candy_Company" title="Ferrara Candy Company">Ferrara Candy Company</a>, an Italian chocolate and candy maker and <a href="/wiki/Ferrero_SpA" title="Ferrero SpA">Ferrero</a>-related company.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The company was sold for a total of an estimated $2.8 billion.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_67-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In May 2018, it was announced that Nestlé and <a href="/wiki/Starbucks" title="Starbucks">Starbucks</a> struck a $7.15 billion distribution deal, which allows Nestlé to market, sell and distribute Starbucks coffee globally and to incorporate the brand's coffee varieties into Nestlé's proprietary single-serve system, expanding the overseas markets for both companies.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nestlé set a new profit target in September 2017 and agreed to offload over 20 of its US candy brands in January 2018. However, sales grew only 2.4% in 2017, and as of July 2018, the share price declined more than 8%. While some suggestions were adopted, Loeb said in a July 2018 letter that the shifts are too small and too slow. In a statement, Nestlé wrote that it was "delivering results" and listed actions it had taken, including investing in key brands and its global coffee partnership with Starbucks. However, activist investors disagreed, leading Third Point Management to launch NestleNOW, a website to push its case with recommendations calling for change, accusing Nestlé of not being as fast, aggressive, or strategic as it needs to be. Activist investors called for Nestlé to divide into three units with distinct CEOs, regional structures, and marketing heads - beverage, nutrition, and grocery; spin off more businesses that do not fit its model such as ice cream, frozen foods, and confectionery; and add an outsider with expertise in the food and beverage industry to the board.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In September 2018, Nestlé announced that it would sell Gerber Life Insurance for $1.55 billion.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In October 2018, Nestlé announced the launch of the Nestlé Alumni Network, through a strategic partnership with <a href="/wiki/SAP_SE" class="mw-redirect" title="SAP SE">SAP</a> & <a href="/wiki/EnterpriseAlumni" title="EnterpriseAlumni">EnterpriseAlumni</a>, to engage with their over 1 million <a href="/wiki/Corporate_Alumni" class="mw-redirect" title="Corporate Alumni">alumni</a> globally.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2019, the company announced that it would publish Nutri-Score on all of its products sold in the European countries that supported the nutritional label.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2020, Nestlé USA's and Nestlé Canada's ice cream divisions were acquired by <a href="/wiki/Froneri" title="Froneri">Froneri</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Also during that year, Nestlé announced that the company wants to invest in plant-based food, starting with a "tuna salad" and meat-free products to engage and reach younger and vegan consumers.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nestle is expanding manufacturing capacity in <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> and increasing investments — the company will invest between <a href="/wiki/Indian_rupee" title="Indian rupee">₹</a>60-65 billion ($723-783 million) from 2020 to 2025.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 16 February 2021, Nestlé announced that it had agreed to sell its water brands in the US and Canada to One Rock Capital Partners and <a href="/wiki/Metropoulos_%26_Co." class="mw-redirect" title="Metropoulos & Co.">Metropoulos & Co</a>. The sale would include the spring water and mountain brands, the purified water brand and the delivery service. The plan did not include the Perrier, S.Pellegrino and Acqua Panna brands.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In early April 2021, the sale was concluded.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a> did not affect Nestlé negatively. Due to lockdowns, people bought more packaged foods, not only coffee and dairy products, but also pet products, which increased the company's sales. Nestlé is recording its strongest quarterly sales growth in 10 years.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In April 2021, Nestlé agreed to purchase the vitamin manufacturing <a href="/wiki/NBTY" class="mw-redirect" title="NBTY">Bountiful Company</a>, formerly known as The Nature's Bounty Co., for $5.75 billion, noting as well that much of the company's<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Avoid_weasel_words" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Avoid weasel words"><span title="The material near this tag possibly uses too vague attribution or weasel words. (February 2024)">which?</span></a></i>]</sup> growth that quarter came from "vitamins, minerals, and supplements that support health and the immune system". Bountiful's brands included Nature's Bounty, Solgar, Osteo Bi-Flex, and Puritan's Pride.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In July 2021, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vitaflo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vitaflo (page does not exist)">Vitaflo International Ltd.</a> (subsidiary to Nestlé Health Science since 2010) acquired the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dr._Sch%C3%A4r&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dr. Schär (page does not exist)">Dr. Schär</a> brands, Mevalia and ComidaMed, which are used for the dietary management of IEM and cow’s milk protein allergy to complement Vitaflo’s existing IEM product portfolio.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In January 2022, Nestlé will pay cocoa farmers cash if they send their children to school.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In May 2022, it was announced Nestlé's Health Science unit had acquired the <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazilian</a> organic, natural, plant-based food maker Puravida.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In May 2022, Nestlé was sending baby formula supplies to the U.S. from European air bases to ease the <a href="/wiki/2022_United_States_infant_formula_shortage" title="2022 United States infant formula shortage">2022 United States infant formula shortage</a>. These relief shipments included products from the <a href="/wiki/Gerber_Products_Company" title="Gerber Products Company">Gerber</a> baby food formula brand from the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a> and Alfamino baby formula from <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In September 2023, it was announced Nestlé had acquired a majority stake in the <a href="/wiki/Extrema,_Minas_Gerais" title="Extrema, Minas Gerais">Extrema, Minas Gerais</a>-headquartered premium chocolate manufacturer, Grupo CRM for an undisclosed amount.<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Following the <a href="/wiki/Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Russian invasion of Ukraine">2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine</a>, the company continued doing business in Russia; therefore in November 2023, Ukraine's <a href="/wiki/National_Agency_on_Corruption_Prevention" title="National Agency on Corruption Prevention">National Agency on Corruption Prevention</a> listed Nestlé as an <a href="/wiki/International_Sponsors_of_War" title="International Sponsors of War">International Sponsor of War</a>. Nestle stated that it had already "halted all non-essential imports and exports to and from Russia".<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In August 2024, Nestlé announced Schneider would leave his position as CEO and be replaced by <a href="/wiki/Laurent_Freixe" title="Laurent Freixe">Laurent Freixe</a> on September 1, 2024..<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Corporate_affairs_and_governance">Corporate affairs and governance</h2></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kobe_Nestle_Japan_HQ02ss3000.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Kobe_Nestle_Japan_HQ02ss3000.jpg/150px-Kobe_Nestle_Japan_HQ02ss3000.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Kobe_Nestle_Japan_HQ02ss3000.jpg/225px-Kobe_Nestle_Japan_HQ02ss3000.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Kobe_Nestle_Japan_HQ02ss3000.jpg/300px-Kobe_Nestle_Japan_HQ02ss3000.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>Nestlé Japan headquarters in Nestlé House building, <a href="/wiki/Kobe,_Japan" class="mw-redirect" title="Kobe, Japan">Kobe, Japan</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1812_North_Moore.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/1812_North_Moore.jpg/150px-1812_North_Moore.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/1812_North_Moore.jpg/225px-1812_North_Moore.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/1812_North_Moore.jpg/300px-1812_North_Moore.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1783" data-file-height="2670" /></a><figcaption>Nestlé USA headquarters at <a href="/wiki/1812_N_Moore" title="1812 N Moore">1812 N Moore</a> in <a href="/wiki/Arlington_County,_Virginia" title="Arlington County, Virginia">Arlington, Virginia</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="PieChartTemplate thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:202px"> <div class="mw-no-invert" style="background-color:white;margin:auto;position:relative;width:200px;height:200px;overflow:hidden;border-radius:100px;border:1px solid black;transform:scaleX(-1)rotate(-90deg)"> <div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:0; top:0; border-width:0 200px 200px 0; border-color:green; z-index:-1"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 17.776701109021px; border-left-color:blue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:blue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:blue"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;right:100px; top:0; border-width:0 460.96007059739px 100px 0; border-right-color:red"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;right:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 100px 0;border-color:red"></div> </div> <div class="thumbcaption"> <p>Capital ownership of Nestlé by country of origin as of 2023:<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:red; color:black;"> </span> Switzerland (46.6%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:blue; color:white;"> </span> United States (31.2%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:green; color:white;"> </span> All others (22.2%)</div> </div> </div></div> <p>Nestlé is the biggest food company in the world, with a market capitalisation of roughly 231 billion Swiss francs, which is more than US$247 billion as of May 2015.<sup id="cite_ref-Forbes_93-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Forbes-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nestlé has a primary listing on the <a href="/wiki/SIX_Swiss_Exchange" title="SIX Swiss Exchange">SIX Swiss Exchange</a> and is a constituent of the <a href="/wiki/Swiss_Market_Index" title="Swiss Market Index">Swiss Market Index</a>. It previously had a secondary listing on <a href="/wiki/Euronext" title="Euronext">Euronext</a>. </p><p>In 2014, consolidated sales were <a href="/wiki/Swiss_franc" title="Swiss franc">CHF</a> 91.61 billion and net profit was CHF 14.46<span class="nowrap"> </span>billion. <a href="/wiki/Research_and_development" title="Research and development">Research and development</a> investment was CHF 1.63<span class="nowrap"> </span>billion.<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><b>Sales per category in CHF</b><sup id="cite_ref-NestleJobs_95-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NestleJobs-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-AR2014_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AR2014-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li>20.3 billion powdered and liquid beverages</li> <li>16.7 billion milk products and ice cream</li> <li>13.5 billion prepared dishes and cooking aids</li> <li>13.1 billion nutrition and health science</li> <li>11.3 billion pet care</li> <li>9.6 billion confectionery</li> <li>6.9 billion water</li></ul></li> <li><b>Percentage of sales by geographic area breakdown</b><sup id="cite_ref-NestleJobs_95-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NestleJobs-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-AR2014_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AR2014-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li>43% from Americas</li> <li>28% from Europe</li> <li>29% from Asia, Oceania and Africa</li></ul></li></ul> <p>According to a 2015 global survey of online consumers by the Reputation Institute, Nestlé has a reputation score of 74.5 on a scale of 1 to 100.<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Financial_data">Financial data</h3></div> <table class="wikitable"> <caption><b>Financial data in billions of CHF</b><sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Year </th> <th>2011 </th> <th>2012 </th> <th>2013 </th> <th>2014 </th> <th>2015 </th> <th>2016 </th> <th>2017 </th> <th>2018 </th> <th>2019 </th> <th>2020 </th> <th>2021 </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Revenue" title="Revenue">Revenue</a> </td> <td>83.642 </td> <td>92.186 </td> <td>92.158 </td> <td>91.612 </td> <td>88.785 </td> <td>89.469 </td> <td>89.791 </td> <td>91.439 </td> <td>92.568 </td> <td>84.343 </td> <td>87.088 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Net_income" title="Net income">Net income</a> </td> <td>9.487 </td> <td>10.611 </td> <td>10.015 </td> <td>14.456 </td> <td>9.066 </td> <td>8.531 </td> <td>7.183 </td> <td>10.135 </td> <td>12.609 </td> <td>12.232 </td> <td>17.196 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Asset" title="Asset">Assets</a> </td> <td>114.091 </td> <td>126.229 </td> <td>120.442 </td> <td>133.450 </td> <td>123.992 </td> <td>131.901 </td> <td>130.380 </td> <td>137.015 </td> <td>127.940 </td> <td>124.028 </td> <td>139.142 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Employees </td> <td>328,000 </td> <td>339,000 </td> <td>333,000 </td> <td>339,000 </td> <td>335,000 </td> <td>328,000 </td> <td>323,000 </td> <td>308,000 </td> <td>291,000 </td> <td>273,000 </td> <td>276,000 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Joint_ventures">Joint ventures</h3></div> <p>Joint ventures include: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cereal_Partners_Worldwide" title="Cereal Partners Worldwide">Cereal Partners Worldwide</a> with <a href="/wiki/General_Mills" title="General Mills">General Mills</a> (50%/50%)<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beverage_Partners_Worldwide" title="Beverage Partners Worldwide">Beverage Partners Worldwide</a> with <a href="/wiki/The_Coca-Cola_Company" title="The Coca-Cola Company">The Coca-Cola Company</a> (50%/50%), closed in 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Froneri" title="Froneri">Froneri</a> with <a href="/wiki/PAI_Partners" title="PAI Partners">PAI Partners</a> (50%/50%)</li> <li><i>Lactalis Nestlé Produits Frais</i> with <a href="/wiki/Lactalis" title="Lactalis">Lactalis</a> (40%/60%)<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Nestlé Colgate-Palmolive with <a href="/wiki/Colgate-Palmolive" title="Colgate-Palmolive">Colgate-Palmolive</a> (50%/50%)<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Nestlé Indofood Citarasa Indonesia with <a href="/wiki/Indofood" title="Indofood">Indofood</a> (50%/50%)<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Nestlé Snow with <a href="/wiki/Snow_Brand_Milk_Products" class="mw-redirect" title="Snow Brand Milk Products">Snow Brand Milk Products</a> (50%/50%)<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Nestlé Modelo with <a href="/wiki/Grupo_Modelo" title="Grupo Modelo">Grupo Modelo</a></li> <li>Dairy Partners America Brasil with <a href="/wiki/Fonterra" title="Fonterra">Fonterra</a> (51%/49%)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="CEO">CEO</h3></div> <p>Chief executive officer:<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>1981-1997 : <a href="/wiki/Helmut_Maucher" title="Helmut Maucher">Helmut Maucher</a> ;</li> <li>1997-2008 : <a href="/wiki/Peter_Brabeck-Letmathe" title="Peter Brabeck-Letmathe">Peter Brabeck-Letmathe</a> ;</li> <li>2008-2016 : <a href="/wiki/Paul_Bulcke" title="Paul Bulcke">Paul Bulcke</a> ;</li> <li>2017-2024 : <a href="/wiki/Ulf_Mark_Schneider" title="Ulf Mark Schneider">Ulf Mark Schneider</a> ;</li> <li>Since 2024 : <a href="/wiki/Laurent_Freixe" title="Laurent Freixe">Laurent Freixe</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Board_of_directors">Board of directors</h3></div> <p>As of 2017, the board is composed of:<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Bulcke" title="Paul Bulcke">Paul Bulcke</a>, chairman and former CEO of Nestlé</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andreas_Koopmann&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Andreas Koopmann (page does not exist)">Andreas Koopmann</a>, former CEO of <a href="/wiki/Bobst_(company)" title="Bobst (company)">Bobst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beat_Hess" class="mw-redirect" title="Beat Hess">Beat Hess</a>, former legal director/general counsel for <a href="/wiki/ABB" title="ABB">ABB</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shell_plc" title="Shell plc">Shell</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Renato_Fassbind&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Renato Fassbind (page does not exist)">Renato Fassbind</a>, former CEO of <a href="/wiki/DKSH" title="DKSH">DKSH</a> and former CFO of <a href="/wiki/Credit_Suisse" title="Credit Suisse">Credit Suisse</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Steven_George_Hoch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Steven George Hoch (page does not exist)">Steven George Hoch</a>, founder of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Highmount_Capital&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Highmount Capital (page does not exist)">Highmount Capital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naina_Lal_Kidwai" title="Naina Lal Kidwai">Naina Lal Kidwai</a>, former CEO of <a href="/wiki/HSBC_Bank_India" title="HSBC Bank India">HSBC Bank India</a>, country head for <a href="/wiki/HSBC" title="HSBC">HSBC</a> in <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Pierre_Roth" title="Jean-Pierre Roth">Jean-Pierre Roth</a>, former chairman of the <a href="/wiki/Swiss_National_Bank" title="Swiss National Bank">Swiss National Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ann_Veneman" title="Ann Veneman">Ann Veneman</a>, former <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Agriculture" title="United States Secretary of Agriculture">United States Secretary of Agriculture</a> and director of <a href="/wiki/UNICEF" title="UNICEF">UNICEF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri_de_Castries" title="Henri de Castries">Henri de Castries</a>, former CEO and chairman of <a href="/wiki/Axa" title="Axa">Axa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eva_Cheng_(businesswoman)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eva Cheng (businesswoman) (page does not exist)">Eva Cheng</a>, former executive vice president of <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> and <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asia" title="Southeast Asia">Southeast Asia</a> for <a href="/wiki/Amway" title="Amway">Amway</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruth_Khasaya_Oniang%E2%80%99o&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ruth Khasaya Oniang’o (page does not exist)">Ruth Khasaya Oniang’o</a>, former member of the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Kenya" title="Parliament of Kenya">Parliament of Kenya</a>, current professor at <a href="/wiki/Friedman_School_of_Nutrition_Science_and_Policy" title="Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy">Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Aebischer" title="Patrick Aebischer">Patrick Aebischer</a>, former president of <a href="/wiki/%C3%89cole_Polytechnique_F%C3%A9d%C3%A9rale_de_Lausanne" title="École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne">École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lobbying">Lobbying</h3></div> <p>The company engages third party lobbying firms to engage with parliaments and governments in various jurisdictions. For example, in South Australia the company engages Etched Communications.<sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the US, Nestlé has a strong influence in Washington, D.C. From 2015 to 2020 their average spend on lobbying was $1,951,667 each year.<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Products">Products</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Nestl%C3%A9_brands" title="List of Nestlé brands">List of Nestlé brands</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Samples_of_Nestle_Toll_House_Cafe.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Samples_of_Nestle_Toll_House_Cafe.JPG/220px-Samples_of_Nestle_Toll_House_Cafe.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Samples_of_Nestle_Toll_House_Cafe.JPG/330px-Samples_of_Nestle_Toll_House_Cafe.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Samples_of_Nestle_Toll_House_Cafe.JPG/440px-Samples_of_Nestle_Toll_House_Cafe.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1936" /></a><figcaption>Samples of Nestlé Toll House Cafe items in 2012</figcaption></figure> <p>Nestlé currently has over 2,000 brands<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with a wide range of products across a number of markets, including coffee, <a href="/wiki/Bottled_water" title="Bottled water">bottled water</a>, <a href="/wiki/Milkshake" title="Milkshake">milkshakes</a> and other <a href="/wiki/Beverages" class="mw-redirect" title="Beverages">beverages</a>, <a href="/wiki/Breakfast_cereal" title="Breakfast cereal">breakfast cereals</a>, <a href="/wiki/Baby_food" title="Baby food">infant foods</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sports_nutrition" title="Sports nutrition">performance and healthcare nutrition</a>, <a href="/wiki/Seasoning" title="Seasoning">seasonings</a>, <a href="/wiki/Soup" title="Soup">soups</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sauces" class="mw-redirect" title="Sauces">sauces</a>, frozen and refrigerated foods, and <a href="/wiki/Pet_food" title="Pet food">pet food</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-AR2014_13-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AR2014-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2019, the company entered the plant-based food production business with its Incredible and Awesome Burgers (under the Garden Gourmet and Sweet Earth brands). In 2020, Nestlé announced additional plant-based products including soy-based bratwurst and chorizo-like sausages.<sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sponsorships">Sponsorships</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Music_and_entertainment">Music and entertainment</h3></div> <p>In 1993, plans were made to update and modernise the overall tone of <a href="/wiki/Walt_Disney_World" title="Walt Disney World">Walt Disney's</a> <a href="/wiki/Epcot" title="Epcot">EPCOT Center</a>, including a major refurbishment of <a href="/wiki/The_Land_(Epcot)" title="The Land (Epcot)">The Land</a> pavilion. <a href="/wiki/Kraft_Foods" title="Kraft Foods">Kraft Foods</a> withdrew its sponsorship on 26 September 1993, with Nestlé taking its place. Co-financed by Nestlé and the Walt Disney World Resort, a gradual refurbishment of the pavilion began on 27 September 1993.<sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2003, Nestlé renewed its sponsorship of The Land; however, it was under agreement that Nestlé would oversee its own refurbishment to both the interior and exterior of the pavilion. Between 2004 and 2005, the pavilion underwent its second major refurbishment. Nestlé stopped sponsoring The Land in 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 5 August 2010, Nestlé and the <a href="/wiki/Beijing_Pop_Festival" title="Beijing Pop Festival">Beijing Music Festival</a> signed an agreement to extend by three years Nestlé's sponsorship of this international music festival. Nestlé has been an extended sponsor of the Beijing Music Festival for 11 years since 2000. The new agreement will continue the partnership through 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nestlé has partnered the <a href="/wiki/Salzburg_Festival" title="Salzburg Festival">Salzburg Festival</a> in Austria for 20 years. In 2011, Nestlé renewed its sponsorship of the <a href="/wiki/Salzburg_Festival" title="Salzburg Festival">Salzburg Festival</a> until 2015.<sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Together, they have created the "Nestlé and Salzburg Festival Young Conductors Award", an initiative that aims to discover young conductors globally and to contribute to the development of their careers.<sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sports">Sports</h3></div> <p>Nestlé's sponsorship of the <a href="/wiki/Tour_de_France" title="Tour de France">Tour de France</a> began in 2001 and the agreement was extended in 2004, a move which demonstrated the company's interest in the Tour. In July 2009, <a href="/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9_Waters" title="Nestlé Waters">Nestlé Waters</a> and the organisers of the Tour de France announced that their partnership will continue until 2013. The main promotional benefits of this partnership will spread on four key brands from Nestlé's product portfolio: Vittel, Powerbar, Nesquik, or Ricore.<sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 27 January 2012, the <a href="/wiki/International_Association_of_Athletics_Federations" class="mw-redirect" title="International Association of Athletics Federations">International Association of Athletics Federations</a> announced that Nestlé will be the main sponsor for the further development of IAAF's Kids' Athletics Programme, which is one of the biggest grassroots development programmes in the world of sports. The five-year sponsorship started in January 2012.<sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 11 February 2016, Nestlé decided to withdraw its sponsorship of the IAAF's Kids' Athletics Programmes because of <a href="/wiki/Doping_in_sport" title="Doping in sport">doping</a> and corruption allegations against the IAAF. Nestlé followed suit after other large sponsors, including <a href="/wiki/Adidas" title="Adidas">Adidas</a>, also stopped supporting the IAAF.<sup id="cite_ref-118" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2014, Nestlé Waters sponsored the UK leg of the Tour de France through its Buxton Natural Mineral Water brand.<sup id="cite_ref-119" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2002, Nestlé announced it was main sponsor for the <a href="/wiki/Great_Britain_women%27s_national_rugby_league_team" title="Great Britain women's national rugby league team">Great Britain Lionesses</a> <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_rugby_league" title="Women's rugby league">Women's rugby league</a> team for the team's second tour of Australia with its <a href="/wiki/Munchies_(confectionery)" title="Munchies (confectionery)">Munchies</a> product.<sup id="cite_ref-120" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nestlé supports the <a href="/wiki/Australian_Institute_of_Sport" title="Australian Institute of Sport">Australian Institute of Sport</a> (AIS) on a number of nutrition and fitness fronts, funding a Fellowship position in AIS Sports Nutrition; nutrition activities in the AIS Dining Hall; research activities; and the development of education resources for use at the AIS and in the public domain.<sup id="cite_ref-121" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><span class="anchor" id="Controversy_and_criticism"></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Controversies_and_criticisms">Controversies and criticisms</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Controversies_of_Nestl%C3%A9" title="Controversies of Nestlé">Controversies of Nestlé</a></div> <p>Nestlé is involved in many significant controversies due to Nestlé's reported use of </p> <ul><li>slavery,</li> <li>child labor,</li> <li>incidents of contaminated and infested food products,</li> <li>preventing access to non-bottled water in impoverished countries,</li> <li>actively spreading disinformation about recycling,</li> <li>illegal water-pumping from drought-striken Native American reservations,</li> <li>price fixing,</li> <li>extensive union-busting activity, and</li> <li>deforestation.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Baby_formula_marketing">Baby formula marketing</h3></div> <p>Concern about Nestlé's "aggressive marketing" of their <a href="/wiki/Breast_milk" title="Breast milk">breast milk</a> substitutes, particularly in <a href="/wiki/Developing_country" title="Developing country">less economically developed countries</a> (LEDCs), first arose in the 1970s.<sup id="cite_ref-122" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Critics have accused Nestlé of discouraging mothers from breastfeeding and suggesting that their baby formula is healthier than breastfeeding.<sup id="cite_ref-123" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This led to a <a href="/wiki/Boycott" title="Boycott">boycott</a> in the United States and Europe.<sup id="cite_ref-Moorhead_124-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Moorhead-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-125" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Slavery_and_child_labour">Slavery and child labour</h3></div> <p>Multiple reports have documented the widespread use of <a href="/wiki/Child_labour" title="Child labour">child labour</a> in <a href="/wiki/Theobroma_cacao" title="Theobroma cacao">cocoa</a> production, as well as <a href="/wiki/Slavery" title="Slavery">slavery</a> and <a href="/wiki/Trafficking_of_children" title="Trafficking of children">child trafficking</a>, throughout <a href="/wiki/West_Africa" title="West Africa">West African</a> plantations, on which Nestlé and other major chocolate companies rely.<sup id="cite_ref-Raghavan1_126-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Raghavan1-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-combating_127-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-combating-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-128" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-chocolate_slavery_129-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chocolate_slavery-129"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-accuses_companies_130-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-accuses_companies-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Food_safety">Food safety</h3></div> <p>In late September 2008, the Hong Kong government found <a href="/wiki/Melamine" title="Melamine">melamine</a> in a Chinese-made Nestlé milk product. Six infants died from kidney damage, and a further 860 babies were hospitalised.<sup id="cite_ref-sick_131-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sick-131"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-sick2_132-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sick2-132"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>131<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In June 2009, an <a href="/wiki/Outbreak" class="mw-redirect" title="Outbreak">outbreak</a> of <a href="/wiki/Escherichia_coli_O157:H7" title="Escherichia coli O157:H7"><i>E. coli</i> O157:H7</a> was linked to Nestlé's refrigerated <a href="/wiki/Cookie_dough" title="Cookie dough">cookie dough</a> originating in a plant in <a href="/wiki/Danville,_Virginia" title="Danville, Virginia">Danville</a>, Virginia.<sup id="cite_ref-133" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-133"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>132<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In May 2015, food safety regulators from the state of <a href="/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh" title="Uttar Pradesh">Uttar Pradesh</a>, India, found that samples of <a href="/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9_India" title="Nestlé India">Nestlé India</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Maggi" title="Maggi">Maggi</a> noodles had up to 17 times more than the permissible safe amount of lead, in addition to <a href="/wiki/Monosodium_glutamate" title="Monosodium glutamate">monosodium glutamate</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-134" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-134"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>133<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NDTV_135-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NDTV-135"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>134<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Sushmi_Dey_136-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sushmi_Dey-136"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>135<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Water">Water</h3></div> <p>At the second <a href="/wiki/World_Water_Forum" title="World Water Forum">World Water Forum</a> in 2000, Nestlé and other corporations persuaded the <a href="/wiki/World_Water_Council" title="World Water Council">World Water Council</a> to change its statement so as to reduce access to drinking water from a "right" to a "need". Nestlé continues to take control of <a href="/wiki/Aquifer" title="Aquifer">aquifers</a> and bottle their water for profit.<sup id="cite_ref-137" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-137"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>136<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A coalition of environmental groups filed a complaint against Nestlé to the <a href="/wiki/Advertising_Standards_Canada" title="Advertising Standards Canada">Advertising Standards of Canada</a> after Nestlé took out full-page advertisements in October 2008 with messages claiming, "Most water bottles avoid landfill sites and are recycled", "<a href="/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9_Pure_Life" title="Nestlé Pure Life">Nestlé Pure Life</a> is a healthy, eco-friendly choice", and, "Bottled water is the most environmentally responsible consumer product in the world."<sup id="cite_ref-cbc_138-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cbc-138"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>137<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-polaris_139-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-polaris-139"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>138<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-reuter_140-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-reuter-140"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>139<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Turkish_parliament">Turkish parliament</h3></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Grand_National_Assembly_of_Turkey" title="Grand National Assembly of Turkey">Grand National Assembly of Turkey</a> announced that Nestlé products (as well as some other products) will not be sold in restaurants, cafeterias and tea houses in the parliament campus. They said that this was a response to the manufacturers' support for Israel, but they did not identify anything the companies had actually done.<sup id="cite_ref-141" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-141"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>140<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Corporate_social_responsibility">Corporate social responsibility</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Overly_detailed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-overly_detailed" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/40px-Edit-clear.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/60px-Edit-clear.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/80px-Edit-clear.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>may contain an excessive amount of intricate detail that may interest only a particular audience</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help by <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Content_forking#Article_spinoffs:_.22Summary_style.22_meta-articles_and_summary_sections" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Content forking">spinning off</a> or <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Handling_trivia#Recommendations_for_handling_trivia" title="Wikipedia:Handling trivia">relocating</a> any relevant information, and removing excessive detail that may be against <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:What_Wikipedia_is_not" title="Wikipedia:What Wikipedia is not">Wikipedia's inclusion policy</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">September 2017</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In March 2011, Nestlé became the first infant formula company to meet the FTSE4Good Index criteria in full.<sup id="cite_ref-142" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-142"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>141<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2021, recycling startup, Carbios, released a press release that showed a prototype of a food-grade PET plastic bottle made from enzymatically recycled plastic. The press release said Nestle (along with other companies) could manufacture these bottles using the Carbios technology. As of September 2024, however, it is unclear whether Nestle ever transitioned to these recycled materials beyond the prototype.<sup id="cite_ref-143" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-143"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>142<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-144" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-144"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>143<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nestlé created the Creating Shared Value Prize, which is awarded every other year with the aim of rewarding the best examples of CSV initiatives worldwide and to encourage other companies to adopt a shared value approach. These initiatives should take a business-oriented approach in addressing challenges in nutrition, water or rural development. The winner can win up to CHF 500,000. Nestlé was an early mover in the shared value space and hosts a global forum, the Creating Shared Value Global Forum.<sup id="cite_ref-145" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-145"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>144<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-146" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-146"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>145<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Rural Development Framework program: In 2012, Nestlé developed the Rural Development Framework, which supports farmers and cocoa growing communities.<sup id="cite_ref-147" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-147"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>146<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is an investment program aimed at improving infrastructure, increasing access to safe water, address financing and market efficiency gaps, and improving labor conditions.<sup id="cite_ref-148" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-148"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>147<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Awards">Awards</h2></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Year </th> <th>Brand </th> <th>Award </th> <th>Result </th></tr> <tr> <td>2010 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9_Purina_PetCare" title="Nestlé Purina PetCare">Nestlé Purina</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Malcolm_Baldrige_National_Quality_Award" title="Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award">Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award</a> </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won </td></tr> <tr> <td>2010 </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td><a href="/wiki/International_Union_of_Food_Science_and_Technology" title="International Union of Food Science and Technology">IUoFST</a> Gold Food Industry Award<sup id="cite_ref-149" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-149"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>148<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won </td></tr> <tr> <td>2011 </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td>World Environment Center Gold Medal Award </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won </td></tr> <tr> <td>2014 </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td>Henry Spira Corporate Progress Award </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem-money.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Emblem-money.svg/28px-Emblem-money.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Emblem-money.svg/42px-Emblem-money.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Emblem-money.svg/56px-Emblem-money.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Business" title="Portal:Business">Business portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Big_Chocolate" title="Big Chocolate">Big Chocolate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cerelac" title="Cerelac">Cerelac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farfel_the_Dog" title="Farfel the Dog">Farfel the Dog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9_Smarties_Book_Prize" title="Nestlé Smarties Book Prize">Nestlé Smarties Book Prize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9_Tower" title="Nestlé Tower">Nestlé Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultra-processed_food" title="Ultra-processed food">Ultra-processed food</a></li></ul> <p><b>Competitors</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Danone" title="Danone">Danone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferrero_SpA" title="Ferrero SpA">Ferrero SpA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Hershey_Company" title="The Hershey Company">Hershey's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kellogg%27s" title="Kellogg's">Kellogg's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kraft_Heinz" title="Kraft Heinz">Kraft Heinz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars,_Incorporated" class="mw-redirect" title="Mars, Incorporated">Mars, Incorporated</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mondelez_International" title="Mondelez International">Mondelez International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PepsiCo" title="PepsiCo">PepsiCo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unilever" title="Unilever">Unilever</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Explanatory_notes">Explanatory notes</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Not to be confused with <i>Société des Produits Nestlé S.A.</i>, the group's <a href="/wiki/Intellectual_property" title="Intellectual property">intellectual property</a>-holding subsidiary</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Management-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Management_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Management_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nestle.com/aboutus/management">"Management"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 January</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Culture+Trip&rft.atitle=A+Brief+History+of+the+Nestl%C3%A9+Brand&rft.date=2017-05-13&rft.aulast=Mowbray&rft.aufirst=Sean&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftheculturetrip.com%2Feurope%2Fswitzerland%2Farticles%2Fa-brief-history-of-the-nestle-brand%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANestl%C3%A9" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=102814">'Other industries', A History of the County of Wiltshire</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111121140334/http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=102814">Archived</a> 21 November 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>: Volume 4 (1959), pp. 220–253. Retrieved 14 August 2010</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Nestle-SA">"Nestle SA | History, Headquarters, & Subsidiaries"</a>. <i>Encyclopedia Britannica</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200804133805/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Nestle-SA">Archived</a> from the original on 4 August 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 January</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclopedia+Britannica&rft.atitle=Nestle+SA+%7C+History%2C+Headquarters%2C+%26+Subsidiaries&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Ftopic%2FNestle-SA&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANestl%C3%A9" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://houseofswitzerland.org/swissstories/history/henri-nestle-man-behind-global-enterprise">"Henri Nestlé: the man behind the global enterprise | House of Switzerland"</a>. <i>houseofswitzerland.org</i>. 17 September 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=houseofswitzerland.org&rft.atitle=Henri+Nestl%C3%A9%3A+the+man+behind+the+global+enterprise+%26%23124%3B+House+of+Switzerland&rft.date=2018-09-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhouseofswitzerland.org%2Fswissstories%2Fhistory%2Fhenri-nestle-man-behind-global-enterprise&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANestl%C3%A9" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStradley2015" class="citation web cs1">Stradley, Linda (3 November 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whatscookingamerica.net/History/MilkChocolate.htm">"Milk Chocolate History"</a>. <i>What's Cooking America</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191212054953/https://whatscookingamerica.net/History/MilkChocolate.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 12 December 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 January</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=What%27s+Cooking+America&rft.atitle=Milk+Chocolate+History&rft.date=2015-11-03&rft.aulast=Stradley&rft.aufirst=Linda&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwhatscookingamerica.net%2FHistory%2FMilkChocolate.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANestl%C3%A9" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHPatrick2016" class="citation web cs1">HPatrick (3 January 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.the-soft-drinks.com/chocolate-switzerland.html">"Swiss Chocolate Brands"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151016215428/http://www.the-soft-drinks.com/chocolate-switzerland.html">Archived</a> from the original on 16 October 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 August</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Swiss+Chocolate+Brands&rft.date=2016-01-03&rft.au=HPatrick&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.the-soft-drinks.com%2Fchocolate-switzerland.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANestl%C3%A9" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cailler.ch/en/about">"About Cailler"</a>. <i>Cailler</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220524210327/https://cailler.ch/en/about">Archived</a> from the original on 24 May 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 May</span> 2022</span>. <q>1911: As the chocolate industry booms, the companies Peter (managed by Daniel Peter) and Kohler, which were already partners, merge with Cailler.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Cailler&rft.atitle=About+Cailler&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcailler.ch%2Fen%2Fabout&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANestl%C3%A9" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Chrystal-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Chrystal_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChrystal,_Paul2021" class="citation book cs1">Chrystal, Paul (2021). "The Cocoa and Chocolate Competition at the Start of the Twentieth Century". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qjgxEAAAQBAJ"><i>Rowntree's – The Early History</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Pen_and_Sword_Books" title="Pen and Sword Books">Pen and Sword Books</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781526778901" title="Special:BookSources/9781526778901"><bdi>9781526778901</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230828084812/https://books.google.com/books?id=qjgxEAAAQBAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 28 August 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 May</span> 2022</span>. <q>In 1904, Daniel Peter and Charles-Amédée Kohler became partners and founded the company Société Générale Suisse de Chocolats Peter et Kohler Réunis. [...] In 1929, Peter, Cailler, Kohler and Chocolats Suisses S. A. all merged with the Nestlé group.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Cocoa+and+Chocolate+Competition+at+the+Start+of+the+Twentieth+Century&rft.btitle=Rowntree%27s+%E2%80%93+The+Early+History&rft.pub=Pen+and+Sword+Books&rft.date=2021&rft.isbn=9781526778901&rft.au=Chrystal%2C+Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DqjgxEAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANestl%C3%A9" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Industry-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Industry_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=18NaAAAAYAAJ"><i>Candy and Snack Industry: Volume 145, Issues 1-6</i></a>. Magazines for Industry, Incorporated. 1980. pp. 28–29. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230828084812/https://books.google.com/books?id=18NaAAAAYAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 28 August 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 May</span> 2022</span>. <q>The Nestlé S.A. facility in Broc, Switzerland, is steeped in the tradition of fine chocolate manufacturing as a company that has played an important part in industry history. [...] Cailler brand and his signature is still embossed on chocolate. In Switzerland, Cailler is the leading chocolate brand. Charles-Amedee Kohler (1790-1874) began producing chocolate in 1830. The Kohler firm later merged with that of Daniel Peter. Daniel Peter (1836-1919), who became the son-in-law of Francois Louis Cailler, assured his place in chocolate industry history with his invention in 1875 of milk chocolate. Henri Nestlé had first become an important manufacturer of milk products. Among his accomplishments was the development of a process to produce condensed milk which would be used in the making of milk chocolate. It wasn't until 1929 that these pioneering companies agreed to merge, but the plant at Broc had been built by the Cailler family in 1898. The selection of a site in Broc was made deliberately to locate it in Switzerland's picturesque Gruyere region, renowned for its fine milk production.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Candy+and+Snack+Industry%3A+Volume+145%2C+Issues+1-6&rft.pages=28-29&rft.pub=Magazines+for+Industry%2C+Incorporated&rft.date=1980&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D18NaAAAAYAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANestl%C3%A9" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLacey,_Darlene2013" class="citation book cs1">Lacey, Darlene (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_Q_DCwAAQBAJ"><i>Classic Candy: America's Favorite Sweets, 1950–80</i></a>. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 16. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780747813651" title="Special:BookSources/9780747813651"><bdi>9780747813651</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230828084812/https://books.google.com/books?id=_Q_DCwAAQBAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 28 August 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 May</span> 2022</span>. <q>In 1899, the people of Fulton, New York, saw the potential of this [milk chocolate] industry and raised money to purchase land for a Peter's Chocolate manufacturing plant. In 1904, Peter's Chocolate and Nestle formed an alliance, and Nestle's domestic production began.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Classic+Candy%3A+America%27s+Favorite+Sweets%2C+1950%E2%80%9380&rft.pages=16&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Publishing&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=9780747813651&rft.au=Lacey%2C+Darlene&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_Q_DCwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANestl%C3%A9" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.englishteastore.com/nestle-history.html">"History of Nestlé"</a>. <i>www.englishteastore.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200804124845/https://www.englishteastore.com/nestle-history.html">Archived</a> from the original on 4 August 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 January</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.englishteastore.com&rft.atitle=History+of+Nestl%C3%A9&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.englishteastore.com%2Fnestle-history.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANestl%C3%A9" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlakely2003" class="citation journal cs1">Blakely, Joe (2003). "Oregon Places: The Nestlé Condensary in Bandon". <i>Oregon Historical Quarterly</i>. <b>104</b> (4). Oregon Historical Society: 566–577. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1353%2Fohq.2003.0004">10.1353/ohq.2003.0004</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/20615370">20615370</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:245852881">245852881</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Oregon+Historical+Quarterly&rft.atitle=Oregon+Places%3A+The+Nestl%C3%A9+Condensary+in+Bandon&rft.volume=104&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=566-577&rft.date=2003&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A245852881%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F20615370%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1353%2Fohq.2003.0004&rft.aulast=Blakely&rft.aufirst=Joe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANestl%C3%A9" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nestle-cwa.com/en/aboutus/history/history4#:~:text=The%20effects%20of%20the%20onset,to%20offices%20in%20Stamford%2C%20Connecticut.">"1938 - 1944"</a>. <i>nestle-cwa.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230509191143/https://www.nestle-cwa.com/en/aboutus/history/history4#:~:text=The%20effects%20of%20the%20onset,to%20offices%20in%20Stamford%2C%20Connecticut.">Archived</a> from the original on 9 May 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=nestle-cwa.com&rft.atitle=1938+-+1944&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nestle-cwa.com%2Fen%2Faboutus%2Fhistory%2Fhistory4%23%3A~%3Atext%3DThe%2520effects%2520of%2520the%2520onset%2Cto%2520offices%2520in%2520Stamford%252C%2520Connecticut.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANestl%C3%A9" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:4-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:4_29-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_29-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOwles2017" class="citation news cs1">Owles, Eric (27 June 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2017/06/27/business/dealbook/nestle-chocolate-milk-coffee-history.html">"How Nestlé Expanded Beyond the Kitchen"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200926163812/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/06/27/business/dealbook/nestle-chocolate-milk-coffee-history.html">Archived</a> from the original on 26 September 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 January</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=How+Nestl%C3%A9+Expanded+Beyond+the+Kitchen&rft.date=2017-06-27&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Owles&rft.aufirst=Eric&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2017%2F06%2F27%2Fbusiness%2Fdealbook%2Fnestle-chocolate-milk-coffee-history.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANestl%C3%A9" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nestle.com/aboutus/history/logo-evolution">"The Nestlé logo evolution"</a>. <i>Nestle.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190225103102/https://www.nestle.com/aboutus/history/logo-evolution">Archived</a> from the original on 25 February 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 February</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Nestle.com&rft.atitle=The+Nestl%C3%A9+logo+evolution&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nestle.com%2Faboutus%2Fhistory%2Flogo-evolution&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANestl%C3%A9" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ukessays.com-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ukessays.com_31-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ukessays.com_31-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ukessays.com/essays/management/nestle-international-mergers-and-acquisitions-management-essay.php">"Nestle International Mergers And Acquisitions Management Essay"</a>. <i>UKEssays.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200804170217/https://www.ukessays.com/essays/management/nestle-international-mergers-and-acquisitions-management-essay.php">Archived</a> from the original on 4 August 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 January</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UKEssays.com&rft.atitle=Nestle+International+Mergers+And+Acquisitions+Management+Essay&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ukessays.com%2Fessays%2Fmanagement%2Fnestle-international-mergers-and-acquisitions-management-essay.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANestl%C3%A9" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAp1988" class="citation news cs1">Ap (24 June 1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1988/06/24/business/rowntree-accepts-bid-by-nestle.html">"Rowntree Accepts Bid By Nestle"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200303230109/https://www.nytimes.com/1988/06/24/business/rowntree-accepts-bid-by-nestle.html">Archived</a> from the original on 3 March 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 August</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Financial+Times&rft.atitle=The+inside+story+of+the+Cadbury+takeover&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ft.com%2Fintl%2Fcms%2Fs%2F2%2F1e5450d2-2be5-11df-8033-00144feabdc0.html%23axzz3PhCW9iAy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANestl%C3%A9" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nestle.com/media/pressreleases/allpressreleases/greeceacquisitiondeltaicecream-19dec05">"Nestlé To Acquire Greek-Based Delta Ice Cream"</a>. <i>Nestlé Global</i>. 19 December 2005. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210810200254/https://www.nestle.com/media/pressreleases/allpressreleases/greeceacquisitiondeltaicecream-19dec05">Archived</a> from the original on 10 August 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 August</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Nestl%C3%A9+Global&rft.atitle=Nestl%C3%A9+To+Acquire+Greek-Based+Delta+Ice+Cream&rft.date=2005-12-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nestle.com%2Fmedia%2Fpressreleases%2Fallpressreleases%2Fgreeceacquisitiondeltaicecream-19dec05&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANestl%C3%A9" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/4627810.stm">"Nestlé takes world ice cream lead"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 19 January 2006. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120203091304/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/4627810.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 3 February 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 February</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Nestl%C3%A9+takes+world+ice+cream+lead&rft.date=2006-01-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fbusiness%2F4627810.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANestl%C3%A9" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2006/06/20/business/20diet.html">"Jenny Craig Brings 5 Times Its Price in '02"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. 20 June 2006. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230312013456/https://www.nytimes.com/2006/06/20/business/20diet.html">Archived</a> from the original on 12 March 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 September</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Novartis+completes+its+business+portfolio+restructuring%2C+divesting+Gerber+for+USD+5.5+billion+to+Nestl%C3%A9&rft.date=2007-04-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.novartis.com%2Fnewsroom%2Fmedia-releases%2Fen%2F2007%2F1118074.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANestl%C3%A9" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090109200417/http://www.novartis.com/newsroom/media-releases/en/2007/1150584.shtml">"Media releases"</a>. Novartis.com. 3 September 2007. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 March</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bloomberg&rft.atitle=Nestl%C3%A9+to+Buy+60%25+Stake+in+Hsu+Fu+Chi+for+.7+Billion&rft.date=2011-07-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bloomberg.com%2Fnews%2F2011-07-11%2Fnestle-to-buy-60-stake-in-chinese-snack-maker-hsu-fu-chi-for-1-7-billion.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANestl%C3%A9" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2012-04-23/nestle-agrees-to-buy-pfizer-baby-food-unit-for-11-9-billion-1-.html">"Nestlé to Acquire Pfizer Baby Food Unit for $11.9 Billion"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141230170656/http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2012-04-23/nestle-agrees-to-buy-pfizer-baby-food-unit-for-11-9-billion-1-.html">Archived</a> 30 December 2014 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Bloomberg, 23 April 2012</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chicagobusiness.com/article/20140314/BLOGS10/140319820/mead-johnson-nutrition-co-is-a-prize-catch-in-the-baby-formula-business">"Mead Johnson looks tasty, but Abbott may have to pass"</a>. <i>Crain's Chicago Business</i>. 13 March 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220423091334/https://www.chicagobusiness.com/article/20140314/BLOGS10/140319820/mead-johnson-nutrition-co-is-a-prize-catch-in-the-baby-formula-business">Archived</a> from the original on 23 April 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 March</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Crain%27s+Chicago+Business&rft.atitle=Mead+Johnson+looks+tasty%2C+but+Abbott+may+have+to+pass&rft.date=2014-03-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.chicagobusiness.com%2Farticle%2F20140314%2FBLOGS10%2F140319820%2Fmead-johnson-nutrition-co-is-a-prize-catch-in-the-baby-formula-business&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANestl%C3%A9" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newstatesman.com/consumer/2012/04/nestl%C3%A9-buy-pfizer-nutrition-1185bn">"Nestlé to buy Pfizer Nutrition for $11.85bn"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 January</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Nestl%C3%A9+to+buy+Pfizer+Nutrition+for+%2411.85bn&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newstatesman.com%2Fconsumer%2F2012%2F04%2Fnestl%25C3%25A9-buy-pfizer-nutrition-1185bn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANestl%C3%A9" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.laweekly.com/restaurants/nestle-acquires-stake-in-brain-food-company-2379749">"Nestle Acquires Stake in "Brain Food" Company"</a>. <i>LA Weekly</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160103032603/http://www.laweekly.com/restaurants/nestle-acquires-stake-in-brain-food-company-2379749">Archived</a> from the original on 3 January 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 January</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=LA+Weekly&rft.atitle=Nestle+Acquires+Stake+in+%22Brain+Food%22+Company&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.laweekly.com%2Frestaurants%2Fnestle-acquires-stake-in-brain-food-company-2379749&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANestl%C3%A9" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRizzo2014" class="citation news cs1">Rizzo, Lillian (16 July 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160103032603/http://blogs.wsj.com/privateequity/2014/07/16/pe-deals-for-weight-loss-brands-face-shifting-diet-demographics/">"PE Deals for Weight Loss Brands Face Shifting Diet Demographics"</a>. <i>Wall Street Journal</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 August</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nestl%C3%A9+buys+Louisiana+depression+food+firm&rft.pub=Nutra&rft.date=2013-02-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nutraingredients.com%2FSuppliers2%2FNestle-buys-Louisiana-depression-food-firm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANestl%C3%A9" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052702303942404579360552164811352?autologin=y">"Nestlé Sells PowerBar Brand"</a>. <i>Wall Street Journal</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160103032603/http://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052702303942404579360552164811352?autologin=y">Archived</a> from the original on 3 January 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 January</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wall+Street+Journal&rft.atitle=Nestl%C3%A9+Sells+PowerBar+Brand&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsj.com%2Farticles%2FSB10001424052702303942404579360552164811352%3Fautologin%3Dy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANestl%C3%A9" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/nestle-explores-sale-of-frozen-food-unit-davigel-1415964399">"Nestlé Explores Sale of Frozen Food Unit Davigel"</a>. <i>Wall Street Journal</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160103032603/http://www.wsj.com/articles/nestle-explores-sale-of-frozen-food-unit-davigel-1415964399">Archived</a> from the original on 3 January 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 January</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wall+Street+Journal&rft.atitle=Nestl%C3%A9+Explores+Sale+of+Frozen+Food+Unit+Davigel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsj.com%2Farticles%2Fnestle-explores-sale-of-frozen-food-unit-davigel-1415964399&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANestl%C3%A9" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-nestle-skincare-idUSKBN0JP06F20141211">"Nestle invests more in skin care strategy with 10 research centers"</a>. <i>Reuters</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151016215428/http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/12/11/us-nestle-skincare-idUSKBN0JP06F20141211">Archived</a> from the original on 16 October 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 July</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Nestle+invests+more+in+skin+care+strategy+with+10+research+centers&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-nestle-skincare-idUSKBN0JP06F20141211&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANestl%C3%A9" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.arlnow.com/2017/02/01/nestle-to-move-u-s-headquarters-to-rosslyn/">"Nestle Nestlé to Move U.S. Headquarters to Rosslyn"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 February</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Nestle+Nestl%C3%A9+to+Move+U.S.+Headquarters+to+Rosslyn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.arlnow.com%2F2017%2F02%2F01%2Fnestle-to-move-u-s-headquarters-to-rosslyn%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANestl%C3%A9" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-39201985">"Kit Kat sugar content to be cut by 10%, says Nestle"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 8 March 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180528012510/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-39201985">Archived</a> from the original on 28 May 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 June</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Kit+Kat+sugar+content+to+be+cut+by+10%25%2C+says+Nestle&rft.date=2017-03-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk-39201985&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANestl%C3%A9" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/business/news/nestle-cheerios-shreddies-cut-sugar-breakfast-cereals-pledge-health-lifestyle-a7823111.html">"Shreddies are about to get a lot healthier"</a>. <i>The Independent</i>. 4 July 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170724025253/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/business/news/nestle-cheerios-shreddies-cut-sugar-breakfast-cereals-pledge-health-lifestyle-a7823111.html">Archived</a> from the original on 24 July 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 July</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Shreddies+are+about+to+get+a+lot+healthier&rft.date=2017-07-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fbusiness%2Fnews%2Fnestle-cheerios-shreddies-cut-sugar-breakfast-cereals-pledge-health-lifestyle-a7823111.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANestl%C3%A9" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-nestle-thirdpoint-idUSKBN19I2AC">"Nestle plans $20.8 billion share buyback amid Third Point pressure"</a>. <i>Reuters</i>. 27 June 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170718193930/http://www.reuters.com/article/us-nestle-thirdpoint-idUSKBN19I2AC">Archived</a> from the original on 18 July 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 July</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Nestle+plans+%2420.8+billion+share+buyback+amid+Third+Point+pressure&rft.date=2017-06-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-nestle-thirdpoint-idUSKBN19I2AC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANestl%C3%A9" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_61-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_61-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChaudhuriBlackstone2017" class="citation news cs1">Chaudhuri, Saabira; Blackstone, Brian (27 June 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/nestle-plans-20-8-billion-share-buyback-over-the-next-3-years-1498581756">"Nestlé Plans Share Buyback After Pressure From Third Point"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">The Wall Street Journal</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0099-9660">0099-9660</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170724001902/https://www.wsj.com/articles/nestle-plans-20-8-billion-share-buyback-over-the-next-3-years-1498581756">Archived</a> from the original on 24 July 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 July</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Wall+Street+Journal&rft.atitle=Nestl%C3%A9+Plans+Share+Buyback+After+Pressure+From+Third+Point&rft.date=2017-06-27&rft.issn=0099-9660&rft.aulast=Chaudhuri&rft.aufirst=Saabira&rft.au=Blackstone%2C+Brian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsj.com%2Farticles%2Fnestle-plans-20-8-billion-share-buyback-over-the-next-3-years-1498581756&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANestl%C3%A9" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nestle.com/media/pressreleases/allpressreleases/nestle-rr-joint-venture-froneri">"Nestlé and R&R to create Froneri, an ice cream and frozen food joint venture"</a>. <i>Nestlé Global</i>. 27 April 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200112064953/https://www.nestle.com/media/pressreleases/allpressreleases/nestle-rr-joint-venture-froneri">Archived</a> from the original on 12 January 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 January</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Nestl%C3%A9+Global&rft.atitle=Nestl%C3%A9+and+R%26R+to+create+Froneri%2C+an+ice+cream+and+frozen+food+joint+venture&rft.date=2016-04-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nestle.com%2Fmedia%2Fpressreleases%2Fallpressreleases%2Fnestle-rr-joint-venture-froneri&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANestl%C3%A9" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFdairyreporter.com2017" class="citation web cs1">dairyreporter.com (4 July 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dairyreporter.com/Article/2017/07/05/Nestle-Spain-develops-formula-with-two-breast-milk-oligosaccharides">"Nestlé Spain develops first infant formula with two breast milk oligosaccharides"</a>. <i>dairyreporter.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211201011856/https://www.dairyreporter.com/Article/2017/07/05/Nestle-Spain-develops-formula-with-two-breast-milk-oligosaccharides">Archived</a> from the original on 1 December 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=dairyreporter.com&rft.atitle=Nestl%C3%A9+Spain+develops+first+infant+formula+with+two+breast+milk+oligosaccharides&rft.date=2017-07-04&rft.au=dairyreporter.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dairyreporter.com%2FArticle%2F2017%2F07%2F05%2FNestle-Spain-develops-formula-with-two-breast-milk-oligosaccharides&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANestl%C3%A9" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-09-14/nestle-buys-majority-stake-in-u-s-coffee-roaster-blue-bottle">"Nestle Is Said to Pay $425 Million to Buy Blue Bottle Coffee"</a>. <i>Bloombery Business</i>. 14 September 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170919164040/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-09-14/nestle-buys-majority-stake-in-u-s-coffee-roaster-blue-bottle">Archived</a> from the original on 19 September 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 September</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bloombery+Business&rft.atitle=Nestle+Is+Said+to+Pay+%24425+Million+to+Buy+Blue+Bottle+Coffee&rft.date=2017-09-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bloomberg.com%2Fnews%2Farticles%2F2017-09-14%2Fnestle-buys-majority-stake-in-u-s-coffee-roaster-blue-bottle&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANestl%C3%A9" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAtkinsBradshaw2017" class="citation news cs1">Atkins, Ralph; Bradshaw, Tim (14 September 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ft.com/content/8fccb91a-9943-11e7-a652-cde3f882dd7b">"Nestlé breaks into US hipster coffee market with Blue Bottle deal"</a>. <i>Financial Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170921090414/https://www.ft.com/content/8fccb91a-9943-11e7-a652-cde3f882dd7b">Archived</a> from the original on 21 September 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 September</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Financial+Times&rft.atitle=Nestl%C3%A9+breaks+into+US+hipster+coffee+market+with+Blue+Bottle+deal&rft.date=2017-09-14&rft.aulast=Atkins&rft.aufirst=Ralph&rft.au=Bradshaw%2C+Tim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ft.com%2Fcontent%2F8fccb91a-9943-11e7-a652-cde3f882dd7b&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANestl%C3%A9" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.foodbev.com/news/nestle-usa-agrees-deal-for-meat-alternatives-brand-sweet-earth/">"Nestlé agrees to acquire plant-based food brand Sweet Earth"</a>. <i>Food Bev Media</i>. 7 September 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170921051431/https://www.foodbev.com/news/nestle-usa-agrees-deal-for-meat-alternatives-brand-sweet-earth/">Archived</a> from the original on 21 September 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 September</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Food+Bev+Media&rft.atitle=Nestl%C3%A9+agrees+to+acquire+plant-based+food+brand+Sweet+Earth&rft.date=2017-09-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.foodbev.com%2Fnews%2Fnestle-usa-agrees-deal-for-meat-alternatives-brand-sweet-earth%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANestl%C3%A9" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_67-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_67-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usatoday.com/story/money/2018/01/16/nestle-selling-its-u-s-candy-business-ferrero-2-9-b/1036675001/">"Nestle is selling its U.S. candy business to Ferrero for about $2.8 billion"</a>. <i>USA TODAY</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180116201658/https://www.usatoday.com/story/money/2018/01/16/nestle-selling-its-u-s-candy-business-ferrero-2-9-b/1036675001/">Archived</a> from the original on 16 January 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 January</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=USA+TODAY&rft.atitle=Nestle+is+selling+its+U.S.+candy+business+to+Ferrero+for+about+%242.8+billion&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usatoday.com%2Fstory%2Fmoney%2F2018%2F01%2F16%2Fnestle-selling-its-u-s-candy-business-ferrero-2-9-b%2F1036675001%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANestl%C3%A9" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/richardkestenbaum/2018/05/07/nestle-and-starbucks-do-a-deal-but-will-it-work-in-the-long-term/#169841c040eb">"Nestlé And Starbucks Agree To A $7B Distribution Deal, But Will It Work In The Long Term?</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180507234855/https://www.forbes.com/sites/richardkestenbaum/2018/05/07/nestle-and-starbucks-do-a-deal-but-will-it-work-in-the-long-term/#169841c040eb">Archived</a> 7 May 2018 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>" <i>Forbes Big Business</i>. Retrieved 7 May 2018.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-nestle-thirdpoint-idUSKBN1JR26K">"Loeb pressures Nestle for more sales, restructuring"</a>. <i>Reuters</i>. 2 July 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190422215407/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-nestle-thirdpoint-idUSKBN1JR26K">Archived</a> from the original on 22 April 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 April</span> 2019</span> – via www.reuters.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Loeb+pressures+Nestle+for+more+sales%2C+restructuring&rft.date=2018-07-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-nestle-thirdpoint-idUSKBN1JR26K&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANestl%C3%A9" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMullen2018" class="citation web cs1">Mullen, Jethro (2 July 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://money.cnn.com/2018/07/02/investing/nestle-dan-loeb-third-point/index.html">"Nestle: Hedge fund billionaire Dan Loeb slams 'muddled' strategy"</a>. <i>Money.cnn.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180809030101/https://money.cnn.com/2018/07/02/investing/nestle-dan-loeb-third-point/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on 9 August 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 November</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Money.cnn.com&rft.atitle=Nestle%3A+Hedge+fund+billionaire+Dan+Loeb+slams+%27muddled%27+strategy&rft.date=2018-07-02&rft.aulast=Mullen&rft.aufirst=Jethro&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmoney.cnn.com%2F2018%2F07%2F02%2Finvesting%2Fnestle-dan-loeb-third-point%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANestl%C3%A9" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFScismBarba2018" class="citation news cs1">Scism, Leslie; Barba, Robert (17 September 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/nestle-to-sell-gerber-life-insurance-to-western-southern-financial-1537222977">"Nestlé to Sell Gerber Life Insurance to Western & Southern Financial"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">The Wall Street Journal</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0099-9660">0099-9660</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180918033028/https://www.wsj.com/articles/nestle-to-sell-gerber-life-insurance-to-western-southern-financial-1537222977">Archived</a> from the original on 18 September 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 September</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Wall+Street+Journal&rft.atitle=Nestl%C3%A9+to+Sell+Gerber+Life+Insurance+to+Western+%26+Southern+Financial&rft.date=2018-09-17&rft.issn=0099-9660&rft.aulast=Scism&rft.aufirst=Leslie&rft.au=Barba%2C+Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsj.com%2Farticles%2Fnestle-to-sell-gerber-life-insurance-to-western-southern-financial-1537222977&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANestl%C3%A9" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAssis" class="citation news cs1">Assis, Claudia. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.marketwatch.com/story/nestle-to-sell-gerber-life-insurance-for-155-billion-2018-09-17">"Nestlé to sell Gerber Life Insurance for $1.55 billion"</a>. <i>MarketWatch</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180917224957/https://www.marketwatch.com/story/nestle-to-sell-gerber-life-insurance-for-155-billion-2018-09-17">Archived</a> from the original on 17 September 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 September</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MarketWatch&rft.atitle=Nestl%C3%A9+to+sell+Gerber+Life+Insurance+for+%241.55+billion&rft.aulast=Assis&rft.aufirst=Claudia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.marketwatch.com%2Fstory%2Fnestle-to-sell-gerber-life-insurance-for-155-billion-2018-09-17&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANestl%C3%A9" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://alumni.nestle.com/">"Archived copy"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190719123418/https://alumni.nestle.com/">Archived</a> from the original on 19 July 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNBC&rft.atitle=One+Rock+and+Metropoulos+%26+Co.+to+acquire+Nestl%C3%A9+Waters+North+America&rft.date=2021-02-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnbc.com%2F2021%2F02%2F17%2Fnestle-to-sell-north-american-water-brands-for-4point3-billion.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANestl%C3%A9" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.guelphtoday.com/local-news/nestle-water-bottling-operations-sold-to-equity-firm-for-43-billion-3436091">"Nestlé water-bottling operations sold to equity firm for $4.3 billion"</a>. <i>CTV News</i>. 17 February 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210218003415/https://www.guelphtoday.com/local-news/nestle-water-bottling-operations-sold-to-equity-firm-for-43-billion-3436091">Archived</a> from the original on 18 February 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 April</span> 2021</span>. <q>The 4.3 billion U.S. dollar sale of Nestle Waters North America to One Rock Capital Partners LLC was announced in February and the sale closed on Wednesday</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Archeological+Find+Unearthed+in+Kitchener&rft.date=2021-04-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.guelphtoday.com%2Flocal-news%2Fnestle-waters-sale-finalized-and-a-day-later-ontario-lifts-moratorium-on-permits-3597877&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANestl%C3%A9" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/business/retail-consumer/coffee-dairy-help-nestle-beat-expectations-q1-2021-04-22/">"Coffee, dairy help Nestle post strongest quarter in a decade"</a>. <i>Reuters</i>. 22 April 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210422065529/https://www.reuters.com/business/retail-consumer/coffee-dairy-help-nestle-beat-expectations-q1-2021-04-22/">Archived</a> from the original on 22 April 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 April</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNBC&rft.atitle=Nestle+buys+vitamin+maker+Bountiful%27s+main+brands+for+%245.75+billion&rft.date=2021-04-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnbc.com%2F2021%2F04%2F30%2Fnestle-buys-vitamin-maker-bountifuls-main-brands-for-5point75-billion.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANestl%C3%A9" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-04-30/nestle-to-buy-nature-s-bounty-owner-from-kkr-for-5-75-billion">"Nestle to Buy Vitamin Brands From KKR for $5.75 Billion"</a>. <i>Bloomberg.com</i>. 30 April 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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ADS</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150521073530/http://www.marketwatch.com/investing/stock/NSRGY/financials">Archived</a> 21 May 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Retrieved 20 May 2015.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NestleJobs-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NestleJobs_95-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NestleJobs_95-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nestle.com/jobs/pages/jobs.aspx">Jobs</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150109061450/http://www.nestle.com/jobs/pages/jobs.aspx">Archived</a> 9 January 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Nestlé, global info</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304124316/https://www.reputationinstitute.com/CMSPages/GetAzureFile.aspx?path=~%5Cmedia%5Cmedia%5Cdocuments%5C2015-rt100-release-report_1.pdf&hash=3b3228f58538a41817e42e2c460328edbbd716c2bc0391a881d58b6da385934e&ext=.pdf">"The Global RepTrak 100: The World's Most Reputable Companies (2015)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Reputation Institute. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reputationinstitute.com/CMSPages/GetAzureFile.aspx?path=~\media\media\documents\2015-rt100-release-report_1.pdf&hash=3b3228f58538a41817e42e2c460328edbbd716c2bc0391a881d58b6da385934e&ext=.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 4 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://generalmills.com/Company/Businesses/International/Joint_ventures.aspx">the original</a> on 15 December 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Food Dive. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220319090710/https://www.fooddive.com/news/where-the-dollars-go-lobbying-a-big-business-for-large-food-and-beverage-c/607982/">Archived</a> from the original on 19 March 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 June</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNNMoney&rft.atitle=Nestle+selling+U.S.+candy+brands+to+Nutella+company&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Aaron&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmoney.cnn.com%2F2018%2F01%2F16%2Fnews%2Fcompanies%2Fnestle-ferrero%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANestl%C3%A9" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wipo.int/wipo_magazine/en/2016/04/article_0003.html">"From Milkmaids to Multinational Markets: Nestlé's Branding Story"</a>. <i>www.wipo.int</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180618052554/http://www.wipo.int/wipo_magazine/en/2016/04/article_0003.html">Archived</a> from the original on 18 June 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 June</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.wipo.int&rft.atitle=From+Milkmaids+to+Multinational+Markets%3A+Nestl%C3%A9%27s+Branding+Story&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wipo.int%2Fwipo_magazine%2Fen%2F2016%2F04%2Farticle_0003.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANestl%C3%A9" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHanna_Ziady2020" class="citation news cs1">Hanna Ziady (17 January 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2020/01/17/business/nestle-plant-based-sausage/index.html">"The world's biggest food company is now making vegan sausages"</a>. <i>CNN</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200118224355/https://www.cnn.com/2020/01/17/business/nestle-plant-based-sausage/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on 18 January 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 January</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=The+world%27s+biggest+food+company+is+now+making+vegan+sausages&rft.date=2020-01-17&rft.au=Hanna+Ziady&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2020%2F01%2F17%2Fbusiness%2Fnestle-plant-based-sausage%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANestl%C3%A9" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pendleton, Jennifer (23 November 1993) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://variety.com/1992/biz/news/rich-deal-for-disney-nestle-101527/">Rich deal for Disney, Nestlé"</a> , <i>Variety</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170212021946/http://www.disneyparkhistory.com/the-land.html">"The Land"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://disneyparkhistory.com/the-land.html">the original</a> on 12 February 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 February</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Land&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdisneyparkhistory.com%2Fthe-land.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANestl%C3%A9" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.china.org.cn/arts/2010-08/06/content_20656276.htm">"Nestlé continues sponsorship of the Beijing Music Festival"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120716191951/http://china.org.cn/arts/2010-08/06/content_20656276.htm">Archived</a> 16 July 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, China.org, 6 August 2010</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nestle.com/Media/NewsAndFeatures/Pages/Nestle-extends-salzburg-festival-partnership-until-2015.aspx">"Nestlé extends Salzburg Festival partnership until 2015"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111208223339/http://www.nestle.com/Media/NewsAndFeatures/Pages/Nestle-extends-salzburg-festival-partnership-until-2015.aspx">Archived</a> 8 December 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Nestlé, 5 October 2011</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304120902/http://www.salzburgerfestspiele.at/nestle_yca2015/about.html">"Nestlé and Salzburg Festival Young Conductors Award 2015"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.salzburgerfestspiele.at/nestle_yca2015/about.html">the original</a> on 4 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 December</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nestl%C3%A9+and+Salzburg+Festival+Young+Conductors+Award+2015&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.salzburgerfestspiele.at%2Fnestle_yca2015%2Fabout.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANestl%C3%A9" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.foodbev.com/news/nestle-confirms-sponsorship-renewal-of-tour-de-fra#.VL1x00fF-So">"Nestlé confirms sponsorship renewal of Tour de France"</a>. <i>FoodBev</i>. 16 July 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160103032605/http://www.foodbev.com/news/nestle-confirms-sponsorship-renewal-of-tour-de-fra/#.VL1x00fF-So">Archived</a> from the original on 3 January 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 January</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=FoodBev&rft.atitle=Nestl%C3%A9+confirms+sponsorship+renewal+of+Tour+de+France&rft.date=2009-07-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.foodbev.com%2Fnews%2Fnestle-confirms-sponsorship-renewal-of-tour-de-fra%23.VL1x00fF-So&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANestl%C3%A9" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iaaf.org/aboutiaaf/news/newsid=63418.html">"IAAF, Nestlé becomes main sponsor of worldwide IAAF Kids' Athletics"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120516200134/http://www.iaaf.org/aboutiaaf/news/newsid=63418.html">Archived</a> 16 May 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, 27 January 2012</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Reinsch, Michael (10 February 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.faz.net/aktuell/sport/sportpolitik/nestle-steigt-aus-leichtathletik-weltverband-toxisch-14063151.html?extcid=Newsletter_11022016_Top-News_am_Morgen">Leichtathletik-Weltverband „toxisch“</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160216034027/https://www.faz.net/aktuell/sport/sportpolitik/nestle-steigt-aus-leichtathletik-weltverband-toxisch-14063151.html?extcid=Newsletter_11022016_Top-News_am_Morgen">Archived</a> 16 February 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (in German). <i>Frankfurter Allgemeine</i> Sport. Retrieved 11 February 2016.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.just-drinks.com/news/nestle-waters-secures-tour-de-france-tie-up-for-buxton-natural-mineral-water_id114022.aspx">"UK: Nestle Waters secures Tour de France tie-up for Buxton Natural Mineral Water"</a>. 19 June 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151016215428/http://www.just-drinks.com/news/nestle-waters-secures-tour-de-france-tie-up-for-buxton-natural-mineral-water_id114022.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on 16 October 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 August</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=UK%3A+Nestle+Waters+secures+Tour+de+France+tie-up+for+Buxton+Natural+Mineral+Water&rft.date=2014-06-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.just-drinks.com%2Fnews%2Fnestle-waters-secures-tour-de-france-tie-up-for-buxton-natural-mineral-water_id114022.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANestl%C3%A9" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.just-food.com/news/nestl%C3%A9-rowntree-to-sponsor-womens-rugby-league-team_id70927.aspx">"UK: Nestlé Rowntree to sponsor Women's Rugby League team"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140228124038/http://www.just-food.com/news/nestl%C3%A9-rowntree-to-sponsor-womens-rugby-league-team_id70927.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on 28 February 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 April</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Milwaukee+Journal+Sentinel&rft.atitle=Slaves+feed+world%27s+taste+for+chocolate%3A+Captives+common+in+cocoa+farms+of+Africa&rft.date=2001-06-24&rft.aulast=Raghavan&rft.aufirst=Sudarsan&rft.au=Chatterjee%2C+Sumana&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fvision.ucsd.edu%2F~kbranson%2Fstopchocolateslavery%2Fatasteofslavery.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANestl%C3%A9" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-combating-127"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-combating_127-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ilo.org/public//english//standards/ipec/themes/cocoa/download/2005_02_cl_cocoa.pdf">"Combating Child Labour in Cocoa Growing"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/International_Labour_Organization" title="International Labour Organization">International Labour Organization</a>. 2005. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120630204954/http://www.ilo.org/public//english//standards/ipec/themes/cocoa/download/2005_02_cl_cocoa.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 30 June 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 April</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Combating+Child+Labour+in+Cocoa+Growing&rft.pub=International+Labour+Organization&rft.date=2005&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ilo.org%2Fpublic%2F%2Fenglish%2F%2Fstandards%2Fipec%2Fthemes%2Fcocoa%2Fdownload%2F2005_02_cl_cocoa.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANestl%C3%A9" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-128"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-128">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWolfeShazzie2005" class="citation book cs1">Wolfe, David; Shazzie (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=i2WeACR-WIYC&q=bbc+documentary+children+chocolate+2000&pg=PA98"><i>Naked Chocolate: The Astonishing Truth about the World's Greatest Food</i></a>. North Atlantic Books. p. 98. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1556437315" title="Special:BookSources/1556437315"><bdi>1556437315</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230828084858/https://books.google.com/books?id=i2WeACR-WIYC&q=bbc+documentary+children+chocolate+2000&pg=PA98">Archived</a> from the original on 28 August 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Eating 2 -Minute Maggi Noodles can ruin your Nervous System"</a>. news.biharprabha.com. 18 May 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150521005237/http://news.biharprabha.com/2015/05/beware-eating-2-minute-maggi-noodles-can-ruin-your-nervous-system/">Archived</a> from the original on 21 May 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 May</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NDTV&rft.atitle=Maggi+Noodles+Packets+Recalled+Across+Uttar+Pradesh%2C+Say+Food+Inspectors%3A+Report&rft.date=2015-05-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fm.ndtv.com%2Findia-news%2Fmaggi-noodles-packets-recalled-across-uttar-pradesh-say-food-inspectors-764729&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANestl%C3%A9" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sushmi_Dey-136"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Sushmi_Dey_136-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSushmi_Dey2015" class="citation news cs1">Sushmi Dey (16 May 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Maggi-under-regulatory-scanner-for-lead-MSG-beyond-permissible-limit/articleshow/47304615.cms">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Maggi' under regulatory scanner for lead, MSG beyond permissible limit"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Times_of_India" title="The Times of India">The Times of India</a></i>. New Delhi, India. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150526230502/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Maggi-under-regulatory-scanner-for-lead-MSG-beyond-permissible-limit/articleshow/47304615.cms">Archived</a> from the original on 26 May 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 November</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Polaris+Institute&rft.atitle=Groups+Challenge+Nestl%C3%A9%27s+Bottled+Water+Greenwashing&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.polarisinstitute.org%2Fgroups_challenge_nestl%25C3%25A9%25E2%2580%2599s_bottled_water_greenwashing&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANestl%C3%A9" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_bot:_original_URL_status_unknown" title="Category:CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-reuter-140"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-reuter_140-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnderson2008" class="citation news cs1">Anderson, Scott (1 December 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSTRE4B06UJ20081201">"Nestlé water ads misleading: Canada green groups"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100521060733/http://www.reuters.com/article/idUSTRE4B06UJ20081201">Archived</a> from the original on 21 May 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 November</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Nestl%C3%A9+water+ads+misleading%3A+Canada+green+groups&rft.date=2008-12-01&rft.aulast=Anderson&rft.aufirst=Scott&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2FidUSTRE4B06UJ20081201&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANestl%C3%A9" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-141"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-141">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/turkish-parliament-removes-brands-menu-over-alleged-israel-support-2023-11-07/">"Turkish parliament dumps Coke, Nestle from menus over alleged Israel support"</a>. <i>Reuters</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 August</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Turkish+parliament+dumps+Coke%2C+Nestle+from+menus+over+alleged+Israel+support&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fworld%2Fmiddle-east%2Fturkish-parliament-removes-brands-menu-over-alleged-israel-support-2023-11-07%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANestl%C3%A9" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-142"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-142">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ftse.com/products/downloads/FTSE_Context_to_2012_Verification_Report.pdf">"Providing Context to the 2012 Nestlé FTSE4Good BMS Verification"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151016215428/http://www.ftse.com/products/downloads/FTSE_Context_to_2012_Verification_Report.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 16 October 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 September</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Providing+Context+to+the+2012+Nestl%C3%A9+FTSE4Good+BMS+Verification&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ftse.com%2Fproducts%2Fdownloads%2FFTSE_Context_to_2012_Verification_Report.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANestl%C3%A9" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-143"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-143">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.carbios.com/en/global-consumer-brands-unveil-worlds-first-enzymatically-recycled-bottles/">"Global Consumer Brands Unveil World's First Enzymatically Recycled Bottles"</a>. 24 June 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Global+Consumer+Brands+Unveil+World%27s+First+Enzymatically+Recycled+Bottles&rft.date=2021-06-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.carbios.com%2Fen%2Fglobal-consumer-brands-unveil-worlds-first-enzymatically-recycled-bottles%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANestl%C3%A9" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-144"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-144">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.greenbiz.com/article/why-pepsico-loreal-and-nestle-are-banking-french-plastics-recycling-startup">"Why PepsiCo, L'Oreal and Nestle are banking on this French plastics recycling startup"</a>. <i>greenbiz.com</i>. 7 May 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200511043925/https://www.greenbiz.com/article/why-pepsico-loreal-and-nestle-are-banking-french-plastics-recycling-startup">Archived</a> from the original on 11 May 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 January</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=greenbiz.com&rft.atitle=Why+PepsiCo%2C+L%27Oreal+and+Nestle+are+banking+on+this+French+plastics+recycling+startup&rft.date=2020-05-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.greenbiz.com%2Farticle%2Fwhy-pepsico-loreal-and-nestle-are-banking-french-plastics-recycling-startup&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANestl%C3%A9" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-145"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-145">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.probonoaustralia.com.au/news/2015/01/global-shared-value-prize-offer">"Global Shared Value Prize on Offer"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151009154218/http://www.probonoaustralia.com.au/news/2015/01/global-shared-value-prize-offer">Archived</a> from the original on 9 October 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 September</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Global+Shared+Value+Prize+on+Offer&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.probonoaustralia.com.au%2Fnews%2F2015%2F01%2Fglobal-shared-value-prize-offer&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANestl%C3%A9" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-146"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-146">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fundraising.co.uk/2014/12/09/entries-open-chf-500k-nestle-creating-shared-value-prize/">"Entries open for CHF 500k Nestlé Creating Shared Value Prize"</a>. <i>UK Fundraising</i>. 9 December 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160103032603/http://www.fundraising.co.uk/2014/12/09/entries-open-chf-500k-nestle-creating-shared-value-prize/">Archived</a> from the original on 3 January 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 January</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UK+Fundraising&rft.atitle=Entries+open+for+CHF+500k+Nestl%C3%A9+Creating+Shared+Value+Prize&rft.date=2014-12-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fundraising.co.uk%2F2014%2F12%2F09%2Fentries-open-chf-500k-nestle-creating-shared-value-prize%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANestl%C3%A9" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-147"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-147">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.confectionerynews.com/Manufacturers/Nestle-promises-action-to-improve-women-s-lives-on-cocoa-farms">"Women's Rights: Nestlé on female cocoa farmers"</a>. ConfectioneryNews.com. 8 March 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150907052108/http://www.confectionerynews.com/Manufacturers/Nestle-promises-action-to-improve-women-s-lives-on-cocoa-farms">Archived</a> from the original on 7 September 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 September</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Women%27s+Rights%3A+Nestl%C3%A9+on+female+cocoa+farmers&rft.pub=ConfectioneryNews.com&rft.date=2013-03-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.confectionerynews.com%2FManufacturers%2FNestle-promises-action-to-improve-women-s-lives-on-cocoa-farms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANestl%C3%A9" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-148"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-148">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.connectiveimpact.com/blog/how-the-global-food-sector-can-solve-our-food-security-crisis">"How the Global Food Sector Can Solve Our Food Security Crisis"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160826055758/http://www.connectiveimpact.com/blog/how-the-global-food-sector-can-solve-our-food-security-crisis">Archived</a> from the original on 26 August 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 February</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=How+the+Global+Food+Sector+Can+Solve+Our+Food+Security+Crisis&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.connectiveimpact.com%2Fblog%2Fhow-the-global-food-sector-can-solve-our-food-security-crisis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANestl%C3%A9" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-149"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-149">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130115201343/http://www.csreurope.org/news.php?type=&action=show_news&news_id=3646">"Nestlé wins global food industry award"</a>. <i>CSR Europe</i>. 24 August 2010. 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style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9_Purina_PetCare" title="Nestlé Purina PetCare">Nestlé Purina PetCare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9_Waters" title="Nestlé Waters">Nestlé Waters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9_Wyeth_Nutrition" title="Nestlé Wyeth Nutrition">Nestlé Wyeth Nutrition</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Divested</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BlueTriton_Brands" title="BlueTriton Brands">BlueTriton Brands</a> (Nestlé Waters North America)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="8" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nestl%C3%A9_textlogo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Nestl%C3%A9_textlogo.svg/120px-Nestl%C3%A9_textlogo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Nestl%C3%A9_textlogo.svg/180px-Nestl%C3%A9_textlogo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Nestl%C3%A9_textlogo.svg/240px-Nestl%C3%A9_textlogo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="82" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Subsidiaries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9_India" title="Nestlé India">Nestlé India</a> (62.76%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9_Pakistan" title="Nestlé Pakistan">Nestlé Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nestl%C3%A9_Canada&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nestlé Canada (page does not exist)">Nestlé Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nestl%C3%A9_Japan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nestlé Japan (page does not exist)">Nestlé Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nestl%C3%A9_Malaysia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nestlé Malaysia (page does not exist)">Nestlé Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9_Lanka" title="Nestlé Lanka">Nestlé Lanka</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Joint ventures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beverage_Partners_Worldwide" title="Beverage Partners Worldwide">Beverage Partners Worldwide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cereal_Partners_Worldwide" title="Cereal Partners Worldwide">Cereal Partners Worldwide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Froneri" title="Froneri">Froneri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9_Toll_House_Caf%C3%A9" title="Nestlé Toll House Café">Nestlé Toll House Café</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other assets</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hsu_Fu_Chi" title="Hsu Fu Chi">Hsu Fu Chi</a> (60%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%27Or%C3%A9al" title="L'Oréal">L'Oréal</a> (30.3%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osem_(company)" title="Osem (company)">Osem</a> (100%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yinlu_Foods" title="Yinlu Foods">Yinlu Foods</a> (60%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malher" title="Malher">Malher</a> (100%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lactalis-Nestl%C3%A9_Fresh_Products" title="Lactalis-Nestlé Fresh Products">Lactalis-Nestlé Fresh Products</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Nestl%C3%A9_brands" title="List of Nestlé brands">Brands</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Appliances</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BabyNes" title="BabyNes">BabyNes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolce_Gusto" title="Dolce Gusto">Dolce Gusto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nespresso" title="Nespresso">Nespresso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special.T" class="mw-redirect" title="Special.T">Special.T</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SICAL" title="SICAL">SICAL</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Baby nutrition</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BabyNes" title="BabyNes">BabyNes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9_Bear_Brand" title="Nestlé Bear Brand">Bear Brand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cerelac" title="Cerelac">Cerelac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerber_Products_Company" title="Gerber Products Company">Gerber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nido_(brand)" title="Nido (brand)">Nido</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Baking</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Libby%27s" title="Libby's">Libby's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chocolate_chip_cookie" title="Chocolate chip cookie"><i>Toll House</i> cookies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bottled water</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Contrex" title="Contrex">Contrex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acqua_Panna" title="Acqua Panna">Acqua Panna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perrier" title="Perrier">Perrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princes_Gate_Spring_Water" title="Princes Gate Spring Water">Princes Gate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9_Pure_Life" title="Nestlé Pure Life">Pure Life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S.Pellegrino" title="S.Pellegrino">S.Pellegrino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vittel_(water)" title="Vittel (water)">Vittel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cereals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cheerios" title="Cheerios">Cheerios</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chocapic" title="Chocapic">Chocapic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinnamon_Toast_Crunch" title="Cinnamon Toast Crunch">Cinnamon Toast Crunch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cookie_Crisp" title="Cookie Crisp">Cookie Crisp</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corn_flakes" title="Corn flakes">Corn Flakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fitness_(cereal)" title="Fitness (cereal)">Fitness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Grahams" title="Golden Grahams">Golden Grahams</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Nuggets" title="Golden Nuggets">Golden Nuggets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lion_Cereal" class="mw-redirect" title="Lion Cereal">Lion Cereal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucky_Charms" title="Lucky Charms">Lucky Charms</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milo_(drink)" title="Milo (drink)">Milo Cereal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nesquik_(cereal)" title="Nesquik (cereal)">Nesquik (cereal)</a><sup>6,7</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trix_(cereal)" title="Trix (cereal)">Trix</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shreddies" title="Shreddies">Shreddies</a><sup>7</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shredded_wheat" title="Shredded wheat">Shredded Wheat</a><sup>7</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Chocolate <br />and desserts</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Animal_Bar_(chocolate_bar)" title="Animal Bar (chocolate bar)">Animal Bar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abuelita" title="Abuelita">Abuelita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aero_(chocolate_bar)" title="Aero (chocolate bar)">Aero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aero_Biscuits" title="Aero Biscuits">Aero Biscuits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/After_Eight" title="After Eight">After Eight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allen%27s" title="Allen's">Allen's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bar_One" title="Bar One">Bar One</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bertie_Beetle" title="Bertie Beetle">Bertie Beetle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big_Turk" title="Big Turk">Big Turk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Riband_(biscuits)" title="Blue Riband (biscuits)">Blue Riband</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Magic_(chocolates)" title="Black Magic (chocolates)">Black Magic</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bono_(cookie)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bono (cookie) (page does not exist)">Bono</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breakaway_(biscuit)" title="Breakaway (biscuit)">Breakaway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cailler" title="Cailler">Cailler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caramac" title="Caramac">Caramac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlos_V_(chocolate_bar)" title="Carlos V (chocolate bar)">Carlos V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheekies" title="Cheekies">Cheekies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chokito" title="Chokito">Chokito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coffee_Crisp" title="Coffee Crisp">Coffee Crisp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crisp_(chocolate_bar)" title="Crisp (chocolate bar)">Crisp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crunch_(chocolate_bar)" title="Crunch (chocolate bar)">Crunch</a><sup>12</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drifter_(chocolate_bar)" title="Drifter (chocolate bar)">Drifter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fox%27s_Confectionery" title="Fox's Confectionery">Fox's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garoto" title="Garoto">Garoto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chocolate-coated_peanut" title="Chocolate-coated peanut">Goobers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kit_Kat" title="Kit Kat">Kit Kat</a><sup>3</sup> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kit_Kats_in_Japan" title="Kit Kats in Japan">Kit Kats in Japan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chocolat_Kohler" title="Chocolat Kohler">Kohler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Life_Savers" title="Life Savers">Life Savers</a><sup>14</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lion_(chocolate_bar)" title="Lion (chocolate bar)">Lion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mackintosh%27s_Toffee" title="Mackintosh's Toffee">Mackintosh's Toffee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matchmakers" title="Matchmakers">Matchmakers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menier_Chocolate" title="Menier Chocolate">Menier Chocolate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milkybar" title="Milkybar">Milkybar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milo_(drink)" title="Milo (drink)">Milo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirage_(chocolate_bar)" title="Mirage (chocolate bar)">Mirage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munchies_(confectionery)" title="Munchies (confectionery)">Munchies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Negresco" title="Negresco">Negresco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9_Milk_Chocolate" title="Nestlé Milk Chocolate">Nestlé Milk Chocolate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passatempo" title="Passatempo">Passatempo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peppermint_Crisp" title="Peppermint Crisp">Peppermint Crisp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perugina" title="Perugina">Perugina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polo_(confectionery)" title="Polo (confectionery)">Polo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quality_Street_(confectionery)" title="Quality Street (confectionery)">Quality Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Ripperz" title="Red Ripperz">Red Ripperz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rolo" title="Rolo">Rolo</a><sup>3</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rowntree%27s" title="Rowntree's">Rowntree's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rowntree%27s_Fruit_Gums" title="Rowntree's Fruit Gums">Rowntree's Fruit Gums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rowntree%27s_Fruit_Pastilles" title="Rowntree's Fruit Pastilles">Rowntree's Fruit Pastilles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sin_Parar" title="Sin Parar">Sin Parar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smarties" title="Smarties">Smarties</a><sup>4</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Svitoch" title="Svitoch">Svitoch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9_Tex" title="Nestlé Tex">TEX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walnut_Whip" title="Walnut Whip">Walnut Whip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Knight_(chocolate_bar)" title="White Knight (chocolate bar)">White Knight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yorkie_(chocolate_bar)" title="Yorkie (chocolate bar)">Yorkie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zve%C4%8Devo" title="Zvečevo">Zvečevo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Coffee and <br />beverages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abuelita" title="Abuelita">Abuelita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alaska_Milk_Corporation#Alpine" title="Alaska Milk Corporation">Alpine</a><sup>8</sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Acticor_(drink)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Acticor (drink) (page does not exist)">Acticor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BabyNes" title="BabyNes">BabyNes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Bottle_Coffee" title="Blue Bottle Coffee">Blue Bottle Coffee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boost_(drink)" title="Boost (drink)">Boost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carnation_(brand)" title="Carnation (brand)">Carnation</a><sup>8,9</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caro_(drink)" title="Caro (drink)">Caro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chameleon_Cold-Brew" title="Chameleon Cold-Brew">Chameleon Cold-Brew</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chuckie_(drink)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chuckie (drink) (page does not exist)">Chuckie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coffee-Mate" title="Coffee-Mate">Coffee-Mate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolce_Gusto" title="Dolce Gusto">Dolce Gusto</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Huesitos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Huesitos (page does not exist)">Huesitos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klim_(powdered_milk)" title="Klim (powdered milk)">Klim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Lechera" title="La Lechera">La Lechera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menier_Chocolate" title="Menier Chocolate">Menier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milo_(drink)" title="Milo (drink)">Milo cocoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nescaf%C3%A9" title="Nescafé">Nescafé</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nescaf%C3%A9_Azera&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nescafé Azera (page does not exist)">Nescafé Azera</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nescaf%C3%A9_Gold&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nescafé Gold (page does not exist)">Nescafé Gold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nescau" class="mw-redirect" title="Nescau">Nescau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nesfruta" class="mw-redirect" title="Nesfruta">Nesfruta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nespresso" title="Nespresso">Nespresso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nesquik" title="Nesquik">Nesquik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nestea" title="Nestea">Nestea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ovaltine" title="Ovaltine">Ovaltine</a><sup>4</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ricor%C3%A9" title="Ricoré">Ricoré</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seattle%27s_Best_Coffee" title="Seattle's Best Coffee">Seattle's Best Coffee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Starbucks" title="Starbucks">Starbucks</a> <sup>13</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supligen" title="Supligen">Supligen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweet_Leaf_Tea_Company" title="Sweet Leaf Tea Company">Sweet Leaf</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zo%C3%A9gas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zoégas (page does not exist)">Zoégas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dairy products</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alaska_Milk_Corporation#Alpine" title="Alaska Milk Corporation">Alpine</a><sup>8</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9_Bear_Brand" title="Nestlé Bear Brand">Bear Brand</a><sup>10,11</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carnation_(brand)" title="Carnation (brand)">Carnation</a><sup>8,9</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coffee-Mate" title="Coffee-Mate">Coffee-Mate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Lechera" title="La Lechera">La Lechera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nesquik" title="Nesquik">Nesquik</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ice cream</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/D%27Onofrio_(brand)" title="D'Onofrio (brand)">D'Onofrio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drumstick_(frozen_dairy_dessert)" title="Drumstick (frozen dairy dessert)">Drumstick</a><sup>15</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edy%27s_Pie" title="Edy's Pie">Eskimo Pie</a><sup>15</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fab_(brand)" title="Fab (brand)">Fab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frosty_Paws" title="Frosty Paws">Frosty Paws</a><sup>15</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%A4agen-Dazs" title="Häagen-Dazs">Häagen-Dazs</a><sup>2,15</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hjem-IS" title="Hjem-IS">Hjem-IS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_Screamers" class="mw-redirect" title="Ice Screamers">Ice Screamers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kit_Kat" title="Kit Kat">Kit Kat</a><sup>15</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maxibon" title="Maxibon">Maxibon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%B6venpick_Ice_Cream" title="Mövenpick Ice Cream">Mövenpick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parlour_(ice_cream)" title="Parlour (ice cream)">Parlour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savory_(ice_cream)" class="mw-redirect" title="Savory (ice cream)">Savory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smarties" title="Smarties">Smarties</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Prepared and <br />packaged food <br />and snacks</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buitoni" title="Buitoni">Buitoni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/California_Pizza_Kitchen" title="California Pizza Kitchen">California Pizza Kitchen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DiGiorno" title="DiGiorno">DiGiorno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herta_Foods" title="Herta Foods">Herta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hot_Pockets" title="Hot Pockets">Hot Pockets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lean_Cuisine" title="Lean Cuisine">Lean Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libby%27s" title="Libby's">Libby's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hot_Pockets" title="Hot Pockets">Lean Pockets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maggi" title="Maggi">Maggi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stouffer%27s" title="Stouffer's">Stouffer's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomy" title="Thomy">Thomy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tombstone_(pizza)" title="Tombstone (pizza)">Tombstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uncle_Tobys" title="Uncle Tobys">Uncle Tobys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winiary_(company)" title="Winiary (company)">Winiary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9_Wagner" title="Nestlé Wagner">Wagner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yinlu_Foods" title="Yinlu Foods">Yinlu Foods</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9_Purina_PetCare" title="Nestlé Purina PetCare">Purina PetCare</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alpo_(pet_food)" title="Alpo (pet food)">Alpo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bakers_Complete" class="mw-redirect" title="Bakers Complete">Bakers Complete</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beggin%27_Strips" title="Beggin' Strips">Beggin' Strips</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beneful" title="Beneful">Beneful</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonio" title="Bonio">Bonio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dog_Chow" title="Dog Chow">Dog Chow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fancy_Feast" title="Fancy Feast">Fancy Feast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Felix_(cat_food)" title="Felix (cat food)">Felix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friskies" title="Friskies">Friskies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frosty_Paws" title="Frosty Paws">Frosty Paws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purina_One" title="Purina One">ONE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winalot" title="Winalot">Winalot</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Uncle_Tobys" title="Uncle Tobys">Uncle Tobys</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cheerios" title="Cheerios">Cheerios</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plus_(cereal)" title="Plus (cereal)">PLUS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wheaties" title="Wheaties">Weeties</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Nestl%C3%A9_brands#Former_brands" title="List of Nestlé brands">Former brands and <br /> subsidiaries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alcon" title="Alcon">Alcon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pamlab" title="Pamlab">Alfasigma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arrowhead_Water" title="Arrowhead Water">Arrowhead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butterfinger" title="Butterfinger">Butterfinger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baby_Ruth" title="Baby Ruth">Baby Ruth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chocolate_Surpresa" title="Chocolate Surpresa">Chocolate Surpresa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deer_Park_Spring_Water" title="Deer Park Spring Water">Deer Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dreyer%27s" title="Dreyer's">Dreyer's</a><sup>15</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enviga" title="Enviga">Enviga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gale%27s" title="Gale's">Gale's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galderma" title="Galderma">Galderma Laboratories</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cetaphil" title="Cetaphil">Cetaphil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adapalene/benzoyl_peroxide" title="Adapalene/benzoyl peroxide">Epiduo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Restylane" title="Restylane">Restylane</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoadley%27s_Chocolates" title="Hoadley's Chocolates">Hoadley's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_Mountain_(water)" title="Ice Mountain (water)">Ice Mountain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jenny_Craig,_Inc." title="Jenny Craig, Inc.">Jenny Craig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ozarka" title="Ozarka">Ozarka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter%27s_Chocolate" title="Peter's Chocolate">Peter's Chocolate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poland_Spring" title="Poland Spring">Poland Spring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polly_Waffle" title="Polly Waffle">Polly Waffle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PowerBar" title="PowerBar">PowerBar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Powwow_Water" title="Powwow Water">Powwow Water</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rowntree_Mackintosh_Confectionery" title="Rowntree Mackintosh Confectionery">Rowntree Mackintosh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Violet_Crumble" title="Violet Crumble">Violet Crumble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wonder_Ball" title="Wonder Ball">Wonder Ball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zephyrhills_(water)" title="Zephyrhills (water)">Zephyrhills</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCnter_Blobel" title="Günter Blobel">Günter Blobel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Bulcke" title="Paul Bulcke">Paul Bulcke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Brabeck-Letmathe" title="Peter Brabeck-Letmathe">Peter Brabeck-Letmathe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nobuyuki_Idei" title="Nobuyuki Idei">Nobuyuki Idei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri_Nestl%C3%A9" title="Henri Nestlé">Henri Nestlé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaspar_Villiger" title="Kaspar Villiger">Kaspar Villiger</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nestea_European_Championship_Tour" title="Nestea European Championship Tour">Nestea European Championship Tour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1977_Nestl%C3%A9_boycott" title="1977 Nestlé boycott">1977 Nestlé boycott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnold_Palmer_Invitational" title="Arnold Palmer Invitational">Nestlé Invitational</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rowntrees_F.C." title="Rowntrees F.C.">Nestlé Rowntree F.C.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9_Smarties_Book_Prize" title="Nestlé Smarties Book Prize">Nestlé Smarties Book Prize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9_Tower" title="Nestlé Tower">Nestlé Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chocolate_chip_cookie" title="Chocolate chip cookie">Toll House cookies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Code_of_Marketing_of_Breast-milk_Substitutes" title="International Code of Marketing of Breast-milk Substitutes">International Code of Marketing of Breast-milk Substitutes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nescaf%C3%A9_Basement" title="Nescafé Basement">Nescafé Basement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maggi_noodles_safety_concerns_in_India" title="Maggi noodles safety concerns in India">Maggi noodles safety concerns in India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freshly" title="Freshly">Freshly</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Nestl%C3%A9_brands" title="List of Nestlé brands">List of Nestlé brands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Controversies_of_Nestl%C3%A9" title="Controversies of Nestlé">Controversies of Nestlé</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><sup>1</sup> Currently manufactured by <a href="/wiki/General_Mills" title="General Mills">General Mills</a> in the U.S. and Canada. Produced by <a href="/wiki/Cereal_Partners_Worldwide" title="Cereal Partners Worldwide">Cereal Partners</a> under the Nestlé brand elsewhere. <sup>2</sup> Brand owned by <a href="/wiki/General_Mills" title="General Mills">General Mills</a>; U.S. and Canadian production rights controlled by Nestlé under license. <sup>3</sup> U.S. production rights owned by <a href="/wiki/The_Hershey_Company" title="The Hershey Company">The Hershey Company</a>. <sup>4</sup> U.S. rights and production owned by the <a href="/wiki/Smarties_Candy_Company" title="Smarties Candy Company">Smarties Candy Company</a> with a different product. <sup>5</sup> U.S. rights and specific trade dress owned by Nestlé; rights elsewhere owned by <a href="/wiki/Associated_British_Foods" title="Associated British Foods">Associated British Foods</a>. <sup>6</sup> Produced by Cereal Partners, branded as Nestlé. <sup>7</sup> Produced by Cereal Partners and branded as Nestlé in the U.K. and Ireland. Produced by <a href="/wiki/Post_Foods" class="mw-redirect" title="Post Foods">Post Foods</a> elsewhere. <sup>8</sup> Philippine production rights owned by <a href="/wiki/Alaska_Milk_Corporation" title="Alaska Milk Corporation">Alaska Milk Corporation</a>. <sup>9</sup> Singaporean, Malaysian and Thai production rights owned by <a href="/wiki/Fraser_and_Neave" title="Fraser and Neave">Fraser and Neave</a>. <sup>10</sup> Used only in Indonesia, Thailand, and Cambodia. <sup>11</sup> Used only in the Philippines. <sup>12</sup> U.S. production rights owned by the <a href="/wiki/Ferrara_Candy_Company" title="Ferrara Candy Company">Ferrara Candy Company</a>. <sup>13</sup> <a href="/wiki/North_America" title="North America">NA</a> rights and specific trade dress to all packaged coffee and other products under the Starbucks brand owned by Nestlé since 2019. <sup>14</sup> Brand owned by <a href="/wiki/Mars_Inc." title="Mars Inc.">Mars</a>, sold by Nestlé in Canada. <sup>15</sup> Produced by <a href="/wiki/Froneri" title="Froneri">Froneri</a> in the U.S. since 2020.</span></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Nestl%C3%A9" title="Category:Nestlé">Category</a></b></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Nestl%C3%A9" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Nestlé">Commons</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Rowntree&#039;s" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Rowntree%27s" title="Template:Rowntree's"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Rowntree%27s&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:Rowntree's (page does not exist)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Rowntree%27s" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Rowntree's"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Rowntree&#039;s" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Rowntree%27s" title="Rowntree's">Rowntree's</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Parent</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Nestlé</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Brands and <br />subsidiaries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rowntree%27s_Fruit_Gums" title="Rowntree's Fruit Gums">Fruit Gums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rowntree%27s_Fruit_Pastilles" title="Rowntree's Fruit Pastilles">Fruit Pastilles</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aero_(chocolate_bar)" title="Aero (chocolate bar)">Aero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/After_Eight" title="After Eight">After Eight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Magic_(chocolates)" title="Black Magic (chocolates)">Black Magic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caramac" title="Caramac">Caramac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gale%27s" title="Gale's">Gale's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoadley%27s_Chocolates" title="Hoadley's Chocolates">Hoadley's</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Polly_Waffle" title="Polly Waffle">Polly Waffle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Violet_Crumble" title="Violet Crumble">Violet Crumble</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hot_Sam_Pretzels" title="Hot Sam Pretzels">Hot Sam Pretzels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kit_Kat" title="Kit Kat">Kit Kat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laura_Secord_Chocolates" title="Laura Secord Chocolates">Laura Secord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lion_(chocolate_bar)" title="Lion (chocolate bar)">Lion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matchmakers" title="Matchmakers">Matchmakers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menier_Chocolate" title="Menier Chocolate">Menier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polo_(confectionery)" title="Polo (confectionery)">Polo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quality_Street_(confectionery)" title="Quality Street (confectionery)">Quality Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rolo" title="Rolo">Rolo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smarties" title="Smarties">Smarties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom%27s_Snacks" title="Tom's Snacks">Tom's Snacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yorkie_(chocolate_bar)" title="Yorkie (chocolate bar)">Yorkie</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Isaac_Rowntree" title="Henry Isaac Rowntree">Henry Isaac Rowntree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Rowntree_(philanthropist)" title="Joseph Rowntree (philanthropist)">Joseph Rowntree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seebohm_Rowntree" title="Seebohm Rowntree">Seebohm Rowntree</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mackintosh%27s" title="Mackintosh's">Mackintosh's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rowntree_Mackintosh_Confectionery" title="Rowntree Mackintosh Confectionery">Rowntree Mackintosh Confectionery</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Rowntree%27s" title="Category:Rowntree's">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Rowntree%27s" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Rowntree's">Commons</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Food_industry_criticism" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Food_industry_criticism" title="Template:Food industry criticism"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Food_industry_criticism" title="Template talk:Food industry criticism"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Food_industry_criticism" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Food industry criticism"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Food_industry_criticism" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Food_industry" title="Food industry">Food industry</a> criticism</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Books</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Jungle" title="The Jungle">The Jungle</a></i> (1906)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Modern_Meat" title="Modern Meat">Modern Meat</a></i> (1984)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fast_Food_Nation" title="Fast Food Nation">Fast Food Nation</a></i> (2001)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Reefer_Madness_(2003_book)" class="mw-redirect" title="Reefer Madness (2003 book)">Reefer Madness</a></i> (2003)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shopped" title="Shopped">Shopped</a></i> (2004)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Chew_on_This" class="mw-redirect" title="Chew on This">Chew on This</a></i> (2006)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/My_Secret_Life_on_the_McJob" title="My Secret Life on the McJob">My Secret Life on the McJob</a></i> (2006)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Omnivore%27s_Dilemma" title="The Omnivore's Dilemma">The Omnivore's Dilemma</a></i> (2006)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Eating_Animals" title="Eating Animals">Eating Animals</a></i> (2009)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wheat_Belly" class="mw-redirect" title="Wheat Belly">Wheat Belly</a></i> (2011)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Farmageddon_(book)" title="Farmageddon (book)">Farmageddon: The True Cost of Cheap Meat</a></i> (2014)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Meat_Atlas" title="Meat Atlas">Meat Atlas</a></i> (annual)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Films</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Jungle_(1914_film)" title="The Jungle (1914 film)">The Jungle</a></i> (1914)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/McLibel_(film)" title="McLibel (film)">McLibel</a></i> (1997)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Corporation_(2003_film)" title="The Corporation (2003 film)">The Corporation</a></i> (2003)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Super_Size_Me" title="Super Size Me">Super Size Me</a></i> (2004)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Future_of_Food" title="The Future of Food">The Future of Food</a></i> (2004)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/We_Feed_the_World" title="We Feed the World">We Feed the World</a></i> (2005)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wal-Mart:_The_High_Cost_of_Low_Price" title="Wal-Mart: The High Cost of Low Price">Wal-Mart: The High Cost of Low Price</a></i> (2005)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Our_Daily_Bread_(2005_film)" title="Our Daily Bread (2005 film)">Our Daily Bread</a></i> (2005)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Earthlings_(film)" title="Earthlings (film)">Earthlings</a></i> (2005)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fast_Food_Nation_(film)" title="Fast Food Nation (film)">Fast Food Nation</a></i> (2006)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Black_Gold_(2006_film)" title="Black Gold (2006 film)">Black Gold</a></i> (2006)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/King_Corn_(film)" title="King Corn (film)">King Corn</a></i> (2007)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Food,_Inc." title="Food, Inc.">Food, Inc.</a></i> (2008)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Million_Calorie_March:_The_Movie" title="Million Calorie March: The Movie">Million Calorie March: The Movie</a></i> (2008)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_World_According_to_Monsanto" title="The World According to Monsanto">The World According to Monsanto</a></i> (2008)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fresh_(2009_film)" title="Fresh (2009 film)">Fresh</a></i> (2009)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bananas!*" title="Bananas!*">Bananas!*</a></i> (2009)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Big_Boys_Gone_Bananas!*" title="Big Boys Gone Bananas!*">Big Boys Gone Bananas!*</a></i> (2011)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Dark_Side_of_Chocolate" title="The Dark Side of Chocolate">The Dark Side of Chocolate</a></i> (2010)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Forks_Over_Knives" title="Forks Over Knives">Forks Over Knives</a></i> (2011)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Place_at_the_Table" title="A Place at the Table">A Place at the Table</a></i> (2013)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fed_Up_(film)" title="Fed Up (film)">Fed Up</a></i> (2014)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cowspiracy" title="Cowspiracy">Cowspiracy</a></i> (2014)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Super_Size_Me_2:_Holy_Chicken!" title="Super Size Me 2: Holy Chicken!">Super Size Me 2: Holy Chicken!</a></i> (2017)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dominion_(2018_film)" title="Dominion (2018 film)">Dominion</a></i> (2018)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Food,_Inc._2" title="Food, Inc. 2">Food, Inc. 2</a></i> (2023)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Coca-Cola" title="Criticism of Coca-Cola">Coca-Cola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticisms_of_Cargill" title="Criticisms of Cargill">Cargill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_McDonald%27s" title="Criticism of McDonald's">McDonald's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Controversies_of_Nestl%C3%A9" title="Controversies of Nestlé">Nestlé</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9_boycott" class="mw-redirect" title="Nestlé boycott">boycott</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Tesco" title="Criticism of Tesco">Tesco</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Child_labour_in_cocoa_production" title="Child labour in cocoa production">Child labour in cocoa production</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethics_of_eating_meat" title="Ethics of eating meat">Ethics of eating meat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fair_trade" title="Fair trade">Fair trade</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fair_trade_coffee" title="Fair trade coffee">coffee</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fast_food" title="Fast food">Fast food</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_fast_food" title="Criticism of fast food">criticism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food_safety" title="Food safety">Food safety</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genetically_modified_food" title="Genetically modified food">Genetically modified food</a> (<a href="/wiki/Genetically_modified_food_controversies" title="Genetically modified food controversies">controversies</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By country</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Food_safety_incidents_in_China" title="Food safety incidents in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food_safety_incidents_in_Taiwan" title="Food safety incidents in Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Selected_royal_warrant_holders_of_the_British_royal_family" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:British_royal_warrant_holders" title="Template:British royal warrant holders"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:British_royal_warrant_holders" title="Template talk:British royal warrant holders"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:British_royal_warrant_holders" title="Special:EditPage/Template:British royal warrant holders"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Selected_royal_warrant_holders_of_the_British_royal_family" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Royal_warrant_of_appointment_(United_Kingdom)" title="Royal warrant of appointment (United Kingdom)">Selected royal warrant holders of the British royal family</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left">By Appointment to <br /> <a href="/wiki/Charles_III" title="Charles III">King Charles III</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>...</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px;padding-left:1.0em;"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_(2022,_variant_2).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of His Majesty the King"><img alt="Coat of arms of His Majesty the King" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282022%2C_variant_2%29.svg/55px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282022%2C_variant_2%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="55" height="51" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282022%2C_variant_2%29.svg/83px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282022%2C_variant_2%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282022%2C_variant_2%29.svg/110px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282022%2C_variant_2%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="479" /></a></span><br /><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_in_Scotland.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of His Majesty the King in Scotland"><img alt="Coat of arms of His Majesty the King in Scotland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_in_Scotland.svg/55px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_in_Scotland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="55" height="53" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_in_Scotland.svg/83px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_in_Scotland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_in_Scotland.svg/110px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_in_Scotland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1550" data-file-height="1500" /></a></span><br /><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Prince_of_Wales%27s_feathers_Badge.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Badge of His Royal Highness The Prince of Wales"><img alt="Badge of His Royal Highness The Prince of Wales" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Prince_of_Wales%27s_feathers_Badge.svg/55px-Prince_of_Wales%27s_feathers_Badge.svg.png" decoding="async" width="55" height="62" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Prince_of_Wales%27s_feathers_Badge.svg/83px-Prince_of_Wales%27s_feathers_Badge.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Prince_of_Wales%27s_feathers_Badge.svg/110px-Prince_of_Wales%27s_feathers_Badge.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="339" data-file-height="383" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left">By Appointment to <br /> <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_II" title="Elizabeth II">Queen Elizabeth II</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andrex" title="Andrex">Andrex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abels_Moving_Services" title="Abels Moving Services">Abels Moving Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ainsworths" title="Ainsworths">Ainsworths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atora" title="Atora">Atora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Angostura" title="House of Angostura">Angostura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AkzoNobel" title="AkzoNobel">AkzoNobel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autoglym" title="Autoglym">Autoglym</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Axminster_Carpets" title="Axminster Carpets">Axminster Carpets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbour_(company)" title="Barbour (company)">Barbour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bendicks" title="Bendicks">Bendicks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bentley" title="Bentley">Bentley Motors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bollinger" title="Bollinger">Bollinger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brasso" title="Brasso">Brasso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Britvic" title="Britvic">Britvic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BT_Group" title="BT Group">BT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burberry" title="Burberry">Burberry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cadbury" title="Cadbury">Cadbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carphone_Warehouse" title="Carphone Warehouse">Carphone Warehouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castrol" title="Castrol">Castrol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charbonnel_et_Walker" title="Charbonnel et Walker">Charbonnel et Walker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colman%27s" title="Colman's">Colman's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dairy_Crest" class="mw-redirect" title="Dairy Crest">Dairy Crest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DAKS" title="DAKS">DAKS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dettol" title="Dettol">Dettol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DHL" title="DHL">DHL Express</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dunelm_Mill" class="mw-redirect" title="Dunelm Mill">Dorma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Arden,_Inc." title="Elizabeth Arden, Inc.">Elizabeth Arden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ede_%26_Ravenscroft" title="Ede & Ravenscroft">Ede & Ravenscroft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fortnum_%26_Mason" title="Fortnum & Mason">Fortnum & Mason</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schwartz_(brand)" title="Schwartz (brand)">Schwartz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smythson" title="Smythson">Frank Smythson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GSK_plc" title="GSK plc">GSK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gieves_%26_Hawkes" title="Gieves & Hawkes">Gieves & Hawkes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hardy_Brothers" title="Hardy Brothers">Hardy Brothers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hatchards" title="Hatchards">Hatchards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HP_Bulmer" class="mw-redirect" title="HP Bulmer">HP Bulmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinz" title="Heinz">Heinz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Poole_%26_Co" title="Henry Poole & Co">Henry Poole & Co</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Purdey_%26_Sons" title="James Purdey & Sons">James Purdey & Sons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaguar_Cars" title="Jaguar Cars">Jaguar Cars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Lewis_%26_Partners" title="John Lewis & Partners">John Lewis & Partners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Lobb_Bootmaker" title="John Lobb Bootmaker">John Lobb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kellogg%27s" title="Kellogg's">Kellogg's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_Rover" title="Land Rover">Land Rover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Roederer" title="Louis Roederer">Louis Roederer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mappin_%26_Webb" title="Mappin & Webb">Mappin & Webb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martini_%26_Rossi" title="Martini & Rossi">Martini & Rossi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McIlhenny_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="McIlhenny Company">McIlhenny Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McVitie%27s" title="McVitie's">McVitie's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minky" title="Minky">Minky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molton_Brown" title="Molton Brown">Molton Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mo%C3%ABt_%26_Chandon" title="Moët & Chandon">Moët & Chandon</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Nestlé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parker_Pen_Company" title="Parker Pen Company">Parker Pen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persil" title="Persil">Persil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Procter_%26_Gamble" title="Procter & Gamble">Procter & Gamble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richer_Sounds" title="Richer Sounds">Richer Sounds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roberts_Radio" title="Roberts Radio">Roberts Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robertson%27s" title="Robertson's">Robertson's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robinsons_(drink)" title="Robinsons (drink)">Robinsons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ryvita" title="Ryvita">Ryvita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samsung" title="Samsung">Samsung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schweppes" title="Schweppes">Schweppes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Sugar" title="British Sugar">Silverspoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spode" title="Spode">Spode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steinway_%26_Sons" title="Steinway & Sons">Steinway & Sons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanqueray" title="Tanqueray">Tanqueray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tate_%26_Lyle" title="Tate & Lyle">Tate & Lyle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twinings" title="Twinings">Twinings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unilever" title="Unilever">Unilever</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Biscuits" title="United Biscuits">United Biscuits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vauxhall_Motors" title="Vauxhall Motors">Vauxhall Motors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veuve_Clicquot" title="Veuve Clicquot">Veuve Clicquot Ponsardin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waitrose" title="Waitrose">Waitrose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weetabix_Limited" title="Weetabix Limited">Weetabix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilkin_%26_Sons" title="Wilkin & Sons">Wilkin & Sons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Drake_(organ_builder)" title="William Drake (organ builder)">William Drake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolsey_(clothing)" title="Wolsey (clothing)">Wolsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Worcestershire_Medal_Service" title="Worcestershire Medal Service">Worcestershire Medal Service</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left">By Appointment to <br /> <a href="/wiki/Charles_III_of_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles III of the United Kingdom">Prince Charles</a><br /><i>(Prior to becoming king in 2022)</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ainsworths" title="Ainsworths">Ainsworths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savile_Row_tailoring" title="Savile Row tailoring">Anderson and Sheppard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aston_Martin" title="Aston Martin">Aston Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autoglym" title="Autoglym">Autoglym</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbour_(company)" title="Barbour (company)">Barbour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bentley" title="Bentley">Bentley Motors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burberry" title="Burberry">Burberry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crabtree_%26_Evelyn" title="Crabtree & Evelyn">Crabtree & Evelyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DAKS" title="DAKS">DAKS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ede_%26_Ravenscroft" title="Ede & Ravenscroft">Ede & Ravenscroft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smythson" title="Smythson">Frank Smythson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gieves_%26_Hawkes" title="Gieves & Hawkes">Gieves & Hawkes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hatchards" title="Hatchards">Hatchards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holland_%26_Holland" title="Holland & Holland">Holland & Holland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaguar_Cars" title="Jaguar Cars">Jaguar Cars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Purdey_%26_Sons" title="James Purdey & Sons">James Purdey & Sons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Lobb_Bootmaker" title="John Lobb Bootmaker">John Lobb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_Rover" title="Land Rover">Land Rover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laphroaig_distillery" title="Laphroaig distillery">Laphroaig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linn_Products" title="Linn Products">Linn Products</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minky" title="Minky">Minky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parker_Pen_Company" title="Parker Pen Company">Parker Pen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penhaligon%27s" title="Penhaligon's">Penhaligon's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Jones_(department_store)" title="Peter Jones (department store)">Peter Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Ritz_London_Hotel" class="mw-redirect" title="The Ritz London Hotel">Ritz Hotel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roberts_Radio" title="Roberts Radio">Roberts Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shepherd_Neame_Brewery" title="Shepherd Neame Brewery">Shepherd Neame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taylors_of_Harrogate" class="mw-redirect" title="Taylors of Harrogate">Taylors of Harrogate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turnbull_%26_Asser" title="Turnbull & Asser">Turnbull & Asser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vauxhall_Motors" title="Vauxhall Motors">Vauxhall Motors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waitrose" title="Waitrose">Waitrose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weetabix_Limited" title="Weetabix Limited">Weetabix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winsor_%26_Newton" title="Winsor & Newton">Winsor & Newton</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left">By Appointment to <br /> <a href="/wiki/Prince_Philip,_Duke_of_Edinburgh" title="Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh">HRH The Duke of Edinburgh</a><br /><i>(Deceased April 2021)</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barbour_(company)" title="Barbour (company)">Barbour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boots_Opticians" title="Boots Opticians">Boots Opticians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DAKS" title="DAKS">DAKS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ede_%26_Ravenscroft" title="Ede & Ravenscroft">Ede & Ravenscroft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smythson" title="Smythson">Frank Smythson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gieves_%26_Hawkes" title="Gieves & Hawkes">Gieves & Hawkes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hatchards" title="Hatchards">Hatchards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holland_%26_Holland" title="Holland & Holland">Holland & Holland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Purdey_%26_Sons" title="James Purdey & Sons">James Purdey & Sons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Lobb_Bootmaker" title="John Lobb Bootmaker">John Lobb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_Rover" title="Land Rover">Land Rover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyle_%26_Scott" title="Lyle & Scott">Lyle & Scott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penhaligon%27s" title="Penhaligon's">Penhaligon's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Truefitt_%26_Hill" title="Truefitt & Hill">Truefitt & Hill</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:British_royal_warrant_holders" title="Category:British royal warrant holders">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x16px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Switzerland&#124;link=Switzerland_Swiss_Market_Index_companies_of_Switzerland" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Swiss_Market_Index_companies" title="Template:Swiss Market Index companies"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Swiss_Market_Index_companies" title="Template talk:Swiss Market Index companies"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Swiss_Market_Index_companies" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Swiss Market Index companies"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x16px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Switzerland&#124;link=Switzerland_Swiss_Market_Index_companies_of_Switzerland" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland"><img alt="Switzerland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/16px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/24px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/32px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Swiss_Market_Index" title="Swiss Market Index">Swiss Market Index</a> companies of Switzerland</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ABB" title="ABB">ABB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcon" title="Alcon">Alcon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geberit" title="Geberit">Geberit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Givaudan" title="Givaudan">Givaudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holcim_Group" title="Holcim Group">Holcim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C3%BChne_%2B_Nagel" class="mw-redirect" title="Kühne + Nagel">Kühne + Nagel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logitech" title="Logitech">Logitech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lonza_Group" title="Lonza Group">Lonza</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Nestlé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novartis" title="Novartis">Novartis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Partners_Group" title="Partners Group">Partners Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richemont" title="Richemont">Richemont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roche" title="Roche">Roche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sika_AG" title="Sika AG">Sika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonova" title="Sonova">Sonova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_Life" title="Swiss Life">Swiss Life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_Re" title="Swiss Re">Swiss Re</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swisscom" title="Swisscom">Swisscom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UBS" title="UBS">UBS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zurich_Insurance_Group" title="Zurich Insurance Group">Zurich Insurance Group</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x16px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Switzerland&#124;link=Switzerland_Swiss_Leader_Index_companies_of_Switzerland" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Swiss_Leader_Index_companies" title="Template:Swiss Leader Index companies"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Swiss_Leader_Index_companies" title="Template talk:Swiss Leader Index companies"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Swiss_Leader_Index_companies" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Swiss Leader Index companies"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x16px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Switzerland&#124;link=Switzerland_Swiss_Leader_Index_companies_of_Switzerland" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland"><img alt="Switzerland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/16px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/24px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/32px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Swiss_Leader_Index" title="Swiss Leader Index">Swiss Leader Index</a> companies of Switzerland</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ABB" title="ABB">ABB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Adecco_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="The Adecco Group">Adecco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ams_AG" class="mw-redirect" title="Ams AG">ams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcon" title="Alcon">Alcon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geberit" title="Geberit">Geberit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Givaudan" title="Givaudan">Givaudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holcim_Group" title="Holcim Group">Holcim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julius_Baer_Group" title="Julius Baer Group">Julius Bär</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuehne_%2B_Nagel" title="Kuehne + Nagel">Kuehne + Nagel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lindt" title="Lindt">Lindt</a> (PS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logitech" title="Logitech">Logitech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lonza_Group" title="Lonza Group">Lonza</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Nestlé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novartis" title="Novartis">Novartis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Partners_Group" title="Partners Group">Partners Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richemont" title="Richemont">Richemont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roche" title="Roche">Roche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schindler_Group" title="Schindler Group">Schindler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SGS_S.A." title="SGS S.A.">SGS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sika_AG" title="Sika AG">Sika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonova" title="Sonova">Sonova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Straumann" title="Straumann">Straumann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Swatch_Group" title="The Swatch Group">Swatch Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_Life" title="Swiss Life">Swiss Life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_Re" title="Swiss Re">Swiss Re</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swisscom" title="Swisscom">Swisscom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temenos_AG" title="Temenos AG">Temenos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UBS" title="UBS">UBS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VAT_Group" title="VAT Group">VAT Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zurich_Insurance_Group" title="Zurich Insurance Group">Zurich Insurance Group</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160746#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160746#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160746#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000100664948">ISNI</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000123374409">2</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/157382467">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/2070341-7">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/no89000097">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119918512">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119918512">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Nestlé"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=kn20030929005&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Nestlé Alimentana Company"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ko2003200153&CON_LNG=ENG">2</a></span></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007590271805171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058513897206706">Catalonia</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hls-dhs-dss.ch/fr/articles/041776">Historical Dictionary of Switzerland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/label/d9e2fbe5-978b-47f5-ab07-c13cf7c44831">MusicBrainz label</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w63z67k6">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;flex-flow:column wrap;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{text-align:center;flex:0;padding-left:0.5em;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;align-items:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><span class="portal-bar-header"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:</span><ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Switzerland.svg/19px-Flag_of_Switzerland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Switzerland.svg/29px-Flag_of_Switzerland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Switzerland.svg/38px-Flag_of_Switzerland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Switzerland" title="Portal:Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Foodlogo2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Foodlogo2.svg/21px-Foodlogo2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Foodlogo2.svg/32px-Foodlogo2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Foodlogo2.svg/42px-Foodlogo2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="146" data-file-height="106" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Food" title="Portal:Food">Food</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Industry5.svg/19px-Industry5.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" 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title="Category:Nestlé">Nestlé</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1866_establishments_in_Switzerland" title="Category:1866 establishments in Switzerland">1866 establishments in Switzerland</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Breakfast_cereal_companies" title="Category:Breakfast cereal companies">Breakfast cereal companies</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:British_royal_warrant_holders" title="Category:British royal warrant holders">British royal warrant holders</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Companies_based_in_the_canton_of_Vaud" title="Category:Companies based in the canton of Vaud">Companies based in the canton of Vaud</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Companies_listed_on_the_SIX_Swiss_Exchange" title="Category:Companies listed on the SIX Swiss Exchange">Companies listed on the SIX Swiss Exchange</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Condiment_companies" title="Category:Condiment companies">Condiment companies</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Dairy_products_companies_of_Switzerland" title="Category:Dairy products companies of Switzerland">Dairy products companies of Switzerland</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Drink_brands" title="Category:Drink brands">Drink brands</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Food_and_drink_companies_established_in_1866" title="Category:Food and drink companies established in 1866">Food and drink companies established in 1866</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Food_and_drink_companies_of_Switzerland" title="Category:Food and drink companies of Switzerland">Food and drink companies of Switzerland</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Medical_food" title="Category:Medical food">Medical food</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Multinational_companies_headquartered_in_Switzerland" title="Category:Multinational companies headquartered in Switzerland">Multinational companies headquartered in Switzerland</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Multinational_food_companies" title="Category:Multinational food companies">Multinational food companies</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Multinational_dairy_companies" title="Category:Multinational dairy companies">Multinational dairy companies</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Rowntree%27s" title="Category:Rowntree's">Rowntree's</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Swiss_brands" title="Category:Swiss brands">Swiss brands</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Swiss_companies_established_in_1866" title="Category:Swiss companies established in 1866">Swiss companies established in 1866</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Swiss_confectionery" title="Category:Swiss confectionery">Swiss confectionery</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Vevey" title="Category:Vevey">Vevey</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Swiss_chocolate_companies" title="Category:Swiss chocolate companies">Swiss chocolate companies</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Coffee_companies_of_Switzerland" title="Category:Coffee companies of Switzerland">Coffee companies of Switzerland</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Confectionery_companies" title="Category:Confectionery companies">Confectionery companies</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Companies_in_the_Swiss_Market_Index" title="Category:Companies in the Swiss Market Index">Companies in the Swiss Market Index</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Animal_food_manufacturers" title="Category:Animal food manufacturers">Animal food manufacturers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Veterinary_companies" title="Category:Veterinary companies">Veterinary companies</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Yogurt_companies" title="Category:Yogurt companies">Yogurt companies</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_the_Phonos_extension" title="Category:Pages using the Phonos extension">Pages using the Phonos extension</a></li><li><a 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