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</label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Dnepr (rocket)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 21 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-21" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">21 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%8A%D1%80_(%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0)" title="Днепър (ракета) – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Днепър (ракета)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dni%C3%A8per_(coet)" title="Dnièper (coet) – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Dnièper (coet)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dn%C4%9Bpr_(raketa)" title="Dněpr (raketa) – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Dněpr (raketa)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dnepr_(Rakete)" title="Dnepr (Rakete) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Dnepr (Rakete)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dnepr-1" title="Dnepr-1 – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Dnepr-1" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dnepr_(fus%C3%A9e)" title="Dnepr (fusée) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Dnepr (fusée)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dnepr_(foguete)" title="Dnepr (foguete) – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Dnepr (foguete)" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%93%9C%EB%84%A4%ED%94%84%EB%A5%B4_%EB%A1%9C%EC%BC%93" title="드네프르 로켓 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="드네프르 로켓" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dnjepar_(raketa)" title="Dnjepar (raketa) – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Dnjepar (raketa)" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dnepr_(vettore)" title="Dnepr (vettore) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Dnepr (vettore)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%93%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A4%D7%A8_(%D7%9E%D7%A9%D7%92%D7%A8)" title="דנייפר (משגר) – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="דנייפר (משגר)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dnyepr_(hordoz%C3%B3rak%C3%A9ta)" title="Dnyepr (hordozórakéta) – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Dnyepr (hordozórakéta)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%89%E3%83%8B%E3%82%A8%E3%83%97%E3%83%AB_(%E3%83%AD%E3%82%B1%E3%83%83%E3%83%88)" title="ドニエプル (ロケット) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ドニエプル (ロケット)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dniepr_(rakieta)" title="Dniepr (rakieta) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Dniepr (rakieta)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dnepr_(foguete)" title="Dnepr (foguete) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Dnepr (foguete)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%80_(%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0-%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C)" title="Днепр (ракета-носитель) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Днепр (ракета-носитель)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dnepr-1" title="Dnepr-1 – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Dnepr-1" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dnepr_(raketti)" title="Dnepr (raketti) – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Dnepr (raketti)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dnepr-raket" title="Dnepr-raket – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Dnepr-raket" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE_(%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0-%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%96%D0%B9)" title="Дніпро (ракета-носій) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Дніпро (ракета-носій)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E8%81%B6%E4%BC%AF%E9%81%8B%E8%BC%89%E7%81%AB%E7%AE%AD" title="第聶伯運載火箭 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="第聶伯運載火箭" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div 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dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Converted Satan ICBM used as a satellite launch vehicle</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox hproduct"><caption class="infobox-title">Dnepr</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Tdx_launch.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Tdx_launch.jpg/220px-Tdx_launch.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="249" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Tdx_launch.jpg/330px-Tdx_launch.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Tdx_launch.jpg/440px-Tdx_launch.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2912" data-file-height="3296" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Function</th><td class="infobox-data">Orbital <a href="/wiki/Carrier_rocket" class="mw-redirect" title="Carrier rocket">carrier rocket</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Manufacturer</th><td class="infobox-data brand"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/KB_Pivdenne" title="KB Pivdenne">Yuzhnoye Design Bureau</a> (design)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/PA_Pivdenmash" title="PA Pivdenmash">Yuzhmash</a> (manufacturing)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khartron" title="Khartron">Khartron</a> (control system)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country of origin</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> (original build),<br /> <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a> (commercial launches after 1999)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Cost per launch</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="white-space: nowrap">US$29 million <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.gao.gov/products/GAO−17−609">[1]</a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ccf;">Size</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Height</th><td class="infobox-data">34.3 m (113 ft)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Diameter</th><td class="infobox-data">3 m (9.8 ft)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Mass</th><td class="infobox-data">211,000 kg (465,000 lb)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Stages</th><td class="infobox-data">3</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ccf;">Capacity <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddf;">Payload to <a href="/wiki/Low_Earth_orbit" title="Low Earth orbit">LEO</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Mass</th><td class="infobox-data">4,500 kilograms (9,900 lb)</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddf;">Payload to the <a href="/wiki/International_Space_Station" title="International Space Station">ISS</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Mass</th><td class="infobox-data">3,200 kilograms (7,100 lb)</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddf;">Payload to <a href="/wiki/Sun-synchronous_orbit" title="Sun-synchronous orbit">SSO</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Mass</th><td class="infobox-data">2,300 kilograms (5,100 lb)</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddf;">Payload to <a href="/wiki/Trans_Lunar_Injection" class="mw-redirect" title="Trans Lunar Injection">TLI</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Mass</th><td class="infobox-data">550 kilograms (1,210 lb) (with ST-1)</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><th colspan="2"> </th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ccf;">Associated rockets</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Based on</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li>R-36M</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ccf;">Launch history</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Status</th><td class="infobox-data">Retired<sup id="cite_ref-retired_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-retired-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Launch sites</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Baikonur_Cosmodrome_Site_109" title="Baikonur Cosmodrome Site 109">Site 109/95</a>, <a href="/wiki/Baikonur_Cosmodrome" title="Baikonur Cosmodrome">Baikonur</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dombarovsky_Site_13&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dombarovsky Site 13 (page does not exist)">LC-13</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dombarovsky_(air_base)" title="Dombarovsky (air base)">Yasny</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Total launches</th><td class="infobox-data">22</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Success(es)</th><td class="infobox-data">21</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Failure(s)</th><td class="infobox-data">1</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">First flight</th><td class="infobox-data">21 April 1999</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Last flight</th><td class="infobox-data">25 March 2015</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ddf;">First stage</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Powered by</th><td class="infobox-data">1 <a href="/wiki/RD-264" class="mw-redirect" title="RD-264">RD-264</a> module<br />(four <a href="/wiki/RD-263" title="RD-263">RD-263</a> engines)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Maximum thrust</th><td class="infobox-data">4,520 kN (1,020,000 lb<sub>f</sub>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Specific_impulse" title="Specific impulse">Specific impulse</a></th><td class="infobox-data">318 s (3.12 km/s)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Burn time</th><td class="infobox-data">130 seconds</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Propellant</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1123817410">.mw-parser-output .template-chem2-su{display:inline-block;font-size:80%;line-height:1;vertical-align:-0.35em}.mw-parser-output .template-chem2-su>span{display:block;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output sub.template-chem2-sub{font-size:80%;vertical-align:-0.35em}.mw-parser-output sup.template-chem2-sup{font-size:80%;vertical-align:0.65em}</style><span class="chemf nowrap">N<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub>O<sub class="template-chem2-sub">4</sub></span> / <a href="/wiki/UDMH" class="mw-redirect" title="UDMH">UDMH</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ddf;">Second stage</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Powered by</th><td class="infobox-data">1 <a href="/wiki/RD-0255" title="RD-0255">RD-0255</a> module<br />(one <a href="/wiki/RD-0256" class="mw-redirect" title="RD-0256">RD-0256</a> main engine and one <a href="/wiki/RD-0257" class="mw-redirect" title="RD-0257">RD-0257</a> <a href="/wiki/Vernier_thruster" title="Vernier thruster">vernier</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Maximum thrust</th><td class="infobox-data">755 kN (170,000 lb<sub>f</sub>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Specific_impulse" title="Specific impulse">Specific impulse</a></th><td class="infobox-data">340 s (3.3 km/s)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Burn time</th><td class="infobox-data">190 seconds</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Propellant</th><td class="infobox-data">N<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> / UDMH</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ddf;">Third stage</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Powered by</th><td class="infobox-data">1 <a href="/wiki/RD-864" title="RD-864">RD-864</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Maximum thrust</th><td class="infobox-data">20.2 kN (4,500 lb<sub>f</sub>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Specific_impulse" title="Specific impulse">Specific impulse</a></th><td class="infobox-data">309 s (3.03 km/s)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Burn time</th><td class="infobox-data">1,000 seconds</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Propellant</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410" /><span class="chemf nowrap">N<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub>O<sub class="template-chem2-sub">4</sub></span> / <a href="/wiki/UDMH" class="mw-redirect" title="UDMH">UDMH</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"><div class="metadata" style="text-align: right;">[<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q49674" class="extiw" title="d:Q49674">edit on Wikidata</a>]</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Dnepr rocket</b> (<a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: <span lang="ru">Днепр</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Russian" title="Romanization of Russian">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Russian-language romanization"><i lang="ru-Latn">Dnepr</i></span>; <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_language" title="Ukrainian language">Ukrainian</a>: <span lang="uk">Дніпро</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Ukrainian" title="Romanization of Ukrainian">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Ukrainian-language romanization"><i lang="uk-Latn">Dnipró</i></span>) was a space <a href="/wiki/Launch_vehicle" title="Launch vehicle">launch vehicle</a> named after the <a href="/wiki/Dnieper_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Dnieper River">Dnieper River</a>. It was a converted <a href="/wiki/ICBM" class="mw-redirect" title="ICBM">ICBM</a> used for launching <a href="/wiki/Artificial_satellites" class="mw-redirect" title="Artificial satellites">artificial satellites</a> into orbit, operated by launch service provider <a href="/wiki/ISC_Kosmotras" title="ISC Kosmotras">ISC Kosmotras</a>. The first launch, on April 21, 1999, successfully placed <a href="/wiki/UoSAT-12" title="UoSAT-12">UoSAT-12</a>, a 350 kg demonstration mini-satellite, into a 650 km circular <a href="/wiki/Low_Earth_orbit" title="Low Earth orbit">Low Earth orbit</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dnepr_(rocket)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Dnepr_2013.ogv/220px--Dnepr_2013.ogv.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="124" data-durationhint="10" data-mwtitle="Dnepr_2013.ogv" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Dnepr_2013.ogv"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3f/Dnepr_2013.ogv/Dnepr_2013.ogv.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3f/Dnepr_2013.ogv/Dnepr_2013.ogv.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3f/Dnepr_2013.ogv" type="video/ogg; codecs="theora"" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3f/Dnepr_2013.ogv/Dnepr_2013.ogv.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="256" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3f/Dnepr_2013.ogv/Dnepr_2013.ogv.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3f/Dnepr_2013.ogv/Dnepr_2013.ogv.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3f/Dnepr_2013.ogv/Dnepr_2013.ogv.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /></video></span><figcaption>Dnepr launch video</figcaption></figure> <p>The Dnepr was based on the <a href="/wiki/R-36_(missile)" title="R-36 (missile)">R-36MUTTH</a> <a href="/wiki/Intercontinental_ballistic_missile" title="Intercontinental ballistic missile">Intercontinental ballistic missile</a> (ICBM) – called the <i>SS-18 Satan</i> by NATO – designed in the 1970s by the <a href="/wiki/Yuzhnoe_Design_Bureau" class="mw-redirect" title="Yuzhnoe Design Bureau">Yuzhnoe Design Bureau</a> in <a href="/wiki/Dnepropetrovsk" class="mw-redirect" title="Dnepropetrovsk">Dnepropetrovsk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_SSR" class="mw-redirect" title="Ukrainian SSR">Ukrainian SSR</a>. among the outstanding authors of the project there are people like <a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2,_%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81_%D0%98%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87" class="extiw" title="ru:Губанов, Борис Иванович">Boris Gubanov</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sergey_Alekseevich_Sopov" title="Sergey Alekseevich Sopov">Sergey Sopov</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Dnepr control system was developed and produced by the <a href="/wiki/Khartron" title="Khartron">JSC "Khartron"</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kharkiv" title="Kharkiv">Kharkiv</a>. The Dnepr was a <a href="/wiki/Multistage_rocket" title="Multistage rocket">three-stage</a> rocket using storable <a href="/wiki/Hypergolic" class="mw-redirect" title="Hypergolic">hypergolic</a> liquid propellants. The launch vehicles used for satellite launches have been withdrawn from ballistic missile service with the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Strategic_Rocket_Forces" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Strategic Rocket Forces">Russian Strategic Rocket Forces</a> and stored for commercial use. A group of a total of 150 ICBMs were allowed under certain geopolitical disarmament protocols to be converted for use, and can be launched through 2020. The Dnepr was launched from the Russian-controlled <a href="/wiki/Baikonur" title="Baikonur">Baikonur</a> cosmodrome in <a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Dombarovsky_(air_base)" title="Dombarovsky (air base)">Dombarovsky</a> launch base, near Yasny, in the Orenburg region of Russia. </p><p>In February 2015, following a year of strained relations including the <a href="/wiki/Euromaidan" title="Euromaidan">Euromaidan</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Russo-Ukrainian_war" class="mw-redirect" title="Russo-Ukrainian war">Russo-Ukrainian war</a>, Russia announced that it would sever its "joint program with Ukraine to launch Dnepr rockets and [was] no longer interested in buying Ukrainian <a href="/wiki/Zenit_(rocket_family)" title="Zenit (rocket family)">Zenit boosters</a>, deepening problems for [Ukraine's] space program and its struggling <a href="/wiki/Yuzhmash" class="mw-redirect" title="Yuzhmash">Yuzhmash</a> factory."<sup id="cite_ref-pa20150206_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pa20150206-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However <a href="/wiki/ISC_Kosmotras" title="ISC Kosmotras">ISC Kosmotras</a> reported that they would continue to fulfill their obligations for three Dnepr launches in 2015,<sup id="cite_ref-sfn20150206_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sfn20150206-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of which only one took place.<sup id="cite_ref-gcat-r36_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gcat-r36-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By the end of 2016, no further launch had materialized and the remaining customers had switched to alternative launch providers.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-retired_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-retired-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/ISC_Kosmotras" title="ISC Kosmotras">ISC Kosmotras</a> proposed using a Dnepr rocket to launch a modified version of the <a href="/wiki/Soyuz_(spacecraft)" title="Soyuz (spacecraft)">Soyuz spacecraft</a> with no orbital module and reduced service module, intended as a recoverable microgravity laboratory or an emergency vehicle for cosmonaut rescue.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint noexcerpt Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS"><span title="This claim needs references to better sources. (February 2025)">better source needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Business magnate <a href="/wiki/Elon_Musk" title="Elon Musk">Elon Musk</a> tried to purchase refurbished Dnepr rockets for a low price from Russia but returned empty-handed after failing to find any that were affordable. This led him to the creation of a successful private rocket launch company now known as <a href="/wiki/SpaceX" title="SpaceX">SpaceX</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Performance">Performance</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dnepr_(rocket)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Performance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Dnepr launch vehicle had only a small number of modifications compared to the R-36M ICBM in service. The main difference was the payload adapter located in the space head module and modified flight-control unit. This baseline version could lift 3,600 kg into a 300 km <a href="/wiki/Low_Earth_orbit" title="Low Earth orbit">low Earth orbit</a> at an <a href="/wiki/Inclination" class="mw-redirect" title="Inclination">inclination</a> of 50.6°, or 2,300 kg to a 300 km <a href="/wiki/Sun-synchronous_orbit" title="Sun-synchronous orbit">Sun-synchronous orbit</a> at an inclination of 98.0°. On a typical mission the Dnepr deployed a larger main payload and a secondary payload of <a href="/wiki/Miniaturized_satellite" class="mw-redirect" title="Miniaturized satellite">Miniaturized satellites</a> and <a href="/wiki/CubeSat" title="CubeSat">CubeSats</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Launch_history">Launch history</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dnepr_(rocket)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Launch history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Before the Dnepr entered commercial service it was in service with the <a href="/wiki/Strategic_Rocket_Forces" title="Strategic Rocket Forces">Strategic Rocket Forces</a> which launched the ICBM version over 160 times with a reliability of 97%. The rocket had been used several times for commercial purposes with a single failure. </p><p>The Dnepr has at two points held the record for the most satellites orbited in a single launch; the April 2007 launch with 14 payloads held the record until 20 November 2013, when an American <a href="/wiki/Minotaur_I" title="Minotaur I">Minotaur I</a> placed 29 satellites and two experiment packages into orbit.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The next day a Dnepr re-took the record, placing 32 satellites and an experiment package bolted to the upper stage into low Earth orbit.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This record was broken by an <a href="/wiki/Antares_(rocket)" title="Antares (rocket)">Antares</a> launch in January 2014 which carried 34 spacecraft. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th style="text-align:left;">Flight </th> <th style="text-align:left;">Date (UTC) </th> <th style="text-align:left;">Payload </th> <th style="text-align:left;">Orbit </th> <th style="text-align:left;">Site </th></tr> <tr> <td>1</td> <td>April 21, 1999<br />04:59</td> <td><a href="/wiki/UoSAT-12" title="UoSAT-12">UoSAT-12</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Low_Earth_orbit" title="Low Earth orbit">LEO</a> 650 km / 65˚</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Baikonur_Cosmodrome" title="Baikonur Cosmodrome">Baikonur</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2</td> <td><span class="nowrap">September 26, 2000</span><br />10:05</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><div class="hlist" style="font-size:90%;"><ul><li>MegSat-1 (Italy)</li><li>UniSat (Italy)</li><li><a href="/wiki/TiungSat-1" class="mw-redirect" title="TiungSat-1">TiungSat-1</a> (Malaysia)</li><li>SaudiSat-1A/1B (Saudi Arabia)</li></ul></div></td> <td>LEO 650 km / 65˚</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Baikonur_Cosmodrome" title="Baikonur Cosmodrome">Baikonur</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>3</td> <td>December 20, 2002<br />17:00</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><div class="hlist" style="font-size:90%;"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/LatinSat" class="mw-redirect" title="LatinSat">LatinSat</a> 1/2 (Argentina)</li><li>SaudiSat-1S (Saudi Arabia)</li><li>UniSat 2 (Italy)</li><li>Rubin 2 (Germany)</li><li><a href="/wiki/TransOrbital" title="TransOrbital">TrailBlazer Test</a> (USA)</li></ul></div></td> <td>LEO 650 km / 65˚</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Baikonur_Cosmodrome" title="Baikonur Cosmodrome">Baikonur</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>4</td> <td>June 29, 2004<br />06:30</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><div class="hlist" style="font-size:90%;"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Demeter_(satellite)" title="Demeter (satellite)">Demeter</a> (France)</li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saudicomsat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saudicomsat (page does not exist)">Saudicomsat</a>-1/2 (Saudi Arabia)</li><li>SaudiSat 2 (Saudi Arabia)</li><li><a href="/wiki/LatinSat" class="mw-redirect" title="LatinSat">LatinSat</a> C/D (Argentina)</li><li>Unisat-3 (Italy)</li><li><a href="/wiki/AO-51" class="mw-redirect" title="AO-51">Amsat Echo</a> (USA)</li></ul></div></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sun-synchronous_orbit" title="Sun-synchronous orbit">SSO</a> 700 × 850 km / 98˚</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Baikonur_Cosmodrome" title="Baikonur Cosmodrome">Baikonur</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>5</td> <td>August 23, 2005<br />21:10</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/OICETS" title="OICETS">OICETS</a> (Japan)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Reimei" title="Reimei">INDEX / Reimei</a> (Japan)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Turkmenistan_Memorial_Capsule" title="Turkmenistan Memorial Capsule">Turkmenistan Memorial Capsule</a> (Turkmenistan)</li></ul></div></td> <td>SSO 600 × 550 km / 98˚</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Baikonur_Cosmodrome" title="Baikonur Cosmodrome">Baikonur</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>6</td> <td>July 12, 2006<br />14:53</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Genesis_I" title="Genesis I">Genesis I</a> (USA)</td> <td>LEO 560 km / 65˚</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dombarovsky_(air_base)" title="Dombarovsky (air base)">Yasny</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>7</td> <td>July 26, 2006<br />19:43</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><div class="hlist" style="font-size:90%;"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/BelKA" title="BelKA">BelKA</a> (Belarus)</li><li>UniSat-4 (Italy)</li><li>PiCPoT (Italy)</li><li>Baumanets (Russia)</li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=AeroCube-1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AeroCube-1 (page does not exist)">AeroCube-1</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=PolySat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PolySat (page does not exist)">PolySat</a> CP-1/2</li><li>ICEcube-1/2</li><li>ION</li><li>KUTESat</li><li>Merope</li><li><a href="/wiki/Rincon_1" title="Rincon 1">Rincon 1</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/mea-huakai.htm">Mea Huaka`i (Voyager)</a> (USA)</li><li><a href="/wiki/SACRED" title="SACRED">SACRED</a> (USA)</li><li>HAUSAT-1 (South Korea)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Ncube_satellite" class="mw-redirect" title="Ncube satellite">Ncube-1</a> (Norway)</li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SEEDS_(satellite)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SEEDS (satellite) (page does not exist)">SEEDS</a> (Japan)</li></ul></div></td> <td>failed to reach orbit</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Baikonur_Cosmodrome" title="Baikonur Cosmodrome">Baikonur</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>8</td> <td>April 17, 2007<br />06:46</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><div class="hlist" style="font-size:90%;"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/EgyptSat_1" title="EgyptSat 1">EgyptSat 1</a></li><li>SaudiSat 3</li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SaudiComSat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SaudiComSat (page does not exist)">SaudiComSat</a> 3-7</li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=PolySat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PolySat (page does not exist)">PolySat</a> CP-3/4</li><li><a href="/wiki/CAPE-1" title="CAPE-1">CAPE-1</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Libertad_1" title="Libertad 1">Libertad 1</a> (Colombia)</li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=AeroCube_2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AeroCube 2 (page does not exist)">AeroCube 2</a></li><li>CubeSat TestBed 1</li><li><a href="/wiki/Multi-Application_Survivable_Tether" title="Multi-Application Survivable Tether">MAST</a></li></ul></div></td> <td><span class="nowrap">SSO 692 × 665 km / 98˚</span><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Baikonur_Cosmodrome" title="Baikonur Cosmodrome">Baikonur</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>9</td> <td>June 15, 2007<br />02:14</td> <td><a href="/wiki/TerraSAR-X" title="TerraSAR-X">TerraSAR-X</a></td> <td>LEO 514 km / 97˚<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Baikonur_Cosmodrome" title="Baikonur Cosmodrome">Baikonur</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>10</td> <td>June 28, 2007<br />15:02</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Genesis_II_(space_habitat)" title="Genesis II (space habitat)">Genesis II</a></td> <td>LEO 560 km / 65˚</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dombarovsky_(air_base)" title="Dombarovsky (air base)">Yasny</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>11</td> <td>August 29, 2008<br />07:16</td> <td><a href="/wiki/RapidEye" title="RapidEye">RapidEye</a> 1-5</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Baikonur_Cosmodrome" title="Baikonur Cosmodrome">Baikonur</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>12<sup id="cite_ref-launch_time_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-launch_time-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>October 1, 2008<br />06:37</td> <td><a href="/wiki/THEOS_(satellite)" title="THEOS (satellite)">THEOS</a></td> <td>SSO</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dombarovsky_(air_base)" title="Dombarovsky (air base)">Yasny</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>13</td> <td>July 29, 2009<br />18:46</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><div class="hlist" style="font-size:90%;"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/DubaiSat-1" title="DubaiSat-1">DubaiSat-1</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Deimos-1" title="Deimos-1">Deimos-1</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/UK-DMC_2" title="UK-DMC 2">UK-DMC 2</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Nanosat_1B" class="mw-redirect" title="Nanosat 1B">Nanosat 1B</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/AprizeSat" title="AprizeSat">AprizeSat</a>-3/4</li></ul></div></td> <td>SSO</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Baikonur_Cosmodrome" title="Baikonur Cosmodrome">Baikonur</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>14</td> <td>April 8, 2010<br />13:57</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cryosat-2" class="mw-redirect" title="Cryosat-2">Cryosat-2</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Polar_orbit" title="Polar orbit">Polar</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Baikonur_Cosmodrome" title="Baikonur Cosmodrome">Baikonur</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>15<sup id="cite_ref-june2010_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-june2010-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>June 15, 2010<br />14:42</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prisma_(satellite_project)" title="Prisma (satellite project)">Prisma</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/PICARD" class="mw-redirect" title="PICARD">PICARD</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=BPA-1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="BPA-1 (page does not exist)">BPA-1</a></li></ul></div></td> <td>SSO</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dombarovsky_(air_base)" title="Dombarovsky (air base)">Yasny</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>16</td> <td>June 21, 2010<br />02:14</td> <td><a href="/wiki/TanDEM-X" title="TanDEM-X">TanDEM-X</a></td> <td>LEO</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Baikonur_Cosmodrome" title="Baikonur Cosmodrome">Baikonur</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>17<sup id="cite_ref-rasat_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rasat-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>August 17, 2011<br />07:12</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><div class="hlist" style="font-size:90%;"><ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sich-2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sich-2 (page does not exist)">Sich-2</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/NigeriaSat" class="mw-redirect" title="NigeriaSat">NigeriaSat</a>-2</li><li><a href="/wiki/NigeriaSat" class="mw-redirect" title="NigeriaSat">NigeriaSat</a>-X</li><li><a href="/wiki/RASAT" title="RASAT">RASAT</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/EduSAT" title="EduSAT">EduSAT</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/AprizeSat" title="AprizeSat">AprizeSat</a>-5/6</li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=BPA-2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="BPA-2 (page does not exist)">BPA-2</a></li></ul></div></td> <td>LEO</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dombarovsky_(air_base)" title="Dombarovsky (air base)">Yasny</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>18<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>August 22, 2013<br />14:39</td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=KOMPSat-5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="KOMPSat-5 (page does not exist)">KOMPSat-5</a></td> <td>LEO</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dombarovsky_(air_base)" title="Dombarovsky (air base)">Yasny</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>19<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>November 21, 2013<br />07:10</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><div class="hlist" style="font-size:90%;"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/ICube-1" title="ICube-1">iCube-1</a> (Pakistan)</li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=STSAT-3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="STSAT-3 (page does not exist)">STSAT-3</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/DubaiSat-2" title="DubaiSat-2">DubaiSat-2</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SkySat_1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SkySat 1 (page does not exist)">SkySat 1</a></li><li>WNISAT 1</li><li><a href="/wiki/Lem_(BRITE-PL)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lem (BRITE-PL)">Lem (BRITE-PL)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/AprizeSat" title="AprizeSat">AprizeSat</a>-7/8</li><li>UniSat 5</li><li><a href="/wiki/Delfi-n3Xt" title="Delfi-n3Xt">Delfi-n3Xt</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Dove_(satellite)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dove (satellite)">Dove</a> 3/4</li><li>Triton 1</li><li>CINEMA 2/3</li><li><a href="/wiki/OPTOS" title="OPTOS">OPTOS</a></li><li>CubeBug 2</li><li>GOMX 1</li><li><a href="/wiki/NEE-02_Krysaor" title="NEE-02 Krysaor">NEE-02 Krysaor</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/FUNcube-1" title="FUNcube-1">FUNcube-1</a></li><li>HiNCube</li><li><a href="/wiki/ZACUBE-1" class="mw-redirect" title="ZACUBE-1">ZACUBE-1</a></li><li>BPA 3</li><li>HumSat-D</li><li>PUCP-SAT 1</li><li>First-MOVE</li><li>UWE 3</li><li>VELOX-P 2</li><li>BeakerSat 1</li><li><a href="/wiki/$50SAT" title="$50SAT">$50SAT</a></li><li>QubeScout S1</li><li>Wren</li><li>Pocket-PUCP</li></ul></div></td> <td>LEO</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dombarovsky_(air_base)" title="Dombarovsky (air base)">Yasny</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>20<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>June 19, 2014<br />19:11</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><div class="hlist" style="font-size:90%;"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deimos-2" title="Deimos-2">Deimos-2</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/KazEOSat_2" title="KazEOSat 2">KazEOSat 2</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/UniSat_6" class="mw-redirect" title="UniSat 6">UniSat 6</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/SaudiSat-4" title="SaudiSat-4">SaudiSat-4</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/AprizeSat" title="AprizeSat">AprizeSat</a>-9/10</li><li><a href="/wiki/Hodoyoshi_3" title="Hodoyoshi 3">Hodoyoshi 3</a> / <a href="/wiki/Hodoyoshi_4" title="Hodoyoshi 4">Hodoyoshi 4</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/BRITE" title="BRITE">BRITE</a> CA-1/2</li><li><a href="/wiki/TabletSat-Aurora" title="TabletSat-Aurora">TabletSat-Aurora</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/BugSat_1" title="BugSat 1">BugSat 1</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Perseus-M" title="Perseus-M">Perseus-M</a> 1/2</li><li><a href="/wiki/QB50" class="mw-redirect" title="QB50">QB50</a> P1/P2</li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=NanoSatC-Br_1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="NanoSatC-Br 1 (page does not exist)">NanoSatC-Br 1</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=DTUSat_2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="DTUSat 2 (page does not exist)">DTUSat 2</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=POPSAT-HIP_1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="POPSAT-HIP 1 (page does not exist)">POPSAT-HIP 1</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=PolyITAN_1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PolyITAN 1 (page does not exist)">PolyITAN 1</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Platform_for_Attitude_Control_Experiments&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Platform for Attitude Control Experiments (page does not exist)">PACE</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Duchifat-1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Duchifat-1 (page does not exist)">Duchifat-1</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Flock-1" title="Flock-1">Flock-1c</a> 1-11</li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=AeroCube_6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AeroCube 6 (page does not exist)">AeroCube 6</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Lemur-1" class="mw-redirect" title="Lemur-1">Lemur-1</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ANTELSAT&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ANTELSAT (page does not exist)">ANTELSAT</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Tigrisat" class="mw-redirect" title="Tigrisat">Tigrisat</a></li></ul></div></td> <td>LEO</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dombarovsky_(air_base)" title="Dombarovsky (air base)">Yasny</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>21<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>November 6, 2014<br />07:35</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><div class="hlist" style="font-size:90%;"><ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ASNARO_1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ASNARO 1 (page does not exist)">ASNARO 1</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Hodoyoshi_1" title="Hodoyoshi 1">Hodoyoshi 1</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ChubuSat_1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ChubuSat 1 (page does not exist)">ChubuSat 1</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/TSUBAME_(satellite)" title="TSUBAME (satellite)">TSUBAME</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=QSAT-EOS&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="QSAT-EOS (page does not exist)">QSAT-EOS</a></li></ul></div></td> <td>LEO</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dombarovsky_(air_base)" title="Dombarovsky (air base)">Yasny</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>22<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>March 25, 2015<br />22:08</td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=KOMPSat-3A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="KOMPSat-3A (page does not exist)">KOMPSat-3A</a></td> <td>LEO</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dombarovsky_(air_base)" title="Dombarovsky (air base)">Yasny</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Launch_failure">Launch failure</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dnepr_(rocket)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Launch failure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The committee investigating the failed launch on July 26, 2006, concluded that the failure was caused by a malfunctioning of the pumping hydraulic drive of combustion chamber #4. The control malfunctioning brought about the disturbances, which led to the roll instability, excessive dispersions of the yaw and pitch angles. Thrust termination occurred at 74 seconds after lift-off. The crash site was located 150 km from the launch pad in an unpopulated area of Kazakhstan. Toxic propellants polluted the crash site, forcing Russia to pay US$1.1m in compensation.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The rocket used for this launch was more than twenty years old. Procedures for launch have been changed to prevent future malfunctions of this kind. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dnepr_(rocket)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_orbital_launchers_families" class="mw-redirect" title="Comparison of orbital launchers families">Comparison of orbital launchers families</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dnipro_(anti-air_missile)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dnipro (anti-air missile)">Dnipro (anti-air missile)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minotaur_(rocket_family)" title="Minotaur (rocket family)">Minotaur (rocket family)</a>, US launch vehicles made from converted ICBMs</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dnepr_(rocket)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-retired-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-retired_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-retired_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFClark2016" class="citation web cs1">Clark, Stephen (30 December 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://spaceflightnow.com/2016/12/30/iridium-satellites-closed-up-for-launch-on-falcon-9-rocket/">"Iridium satellites closed up for launch on Falcon 9 rocket"</a>. <i>Spaceflight Now</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 December</span> 2016</span>. <q>Russian officials have said they plan to discontinue Dnepr launches.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Spaceflight+Now&rft.atitle=Iridium+satellites+closed+up+for+launch+on+Falcon+9+rocket&rft.date=2016-12-30&rft.aulast=Clark&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fspaceflightnow.com%2F2016%2F12%2F30%2Firidium-satellites-closed-up-for-launch-on-falcon-9-rocket%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADnepr+%28rocket%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.russianspaceweb.com/dnepr.html">"The Dnepr launcher"</a>. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.parabolicarc.com/2015/02/06/russia-severing-ties-ukraine-dnepr-zenit-launch-programs/">the original</a> on 15 February 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 February</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Parabolic+Arc&rft.atitle=Russia+Severing+Ties+With+Ukraine+on+Dnepr%2C+Zenit+Launch+Programs&rft.date=2015-02-06&rft.aulast=Messier&rft.aufirst=Doug&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.parabolicarc.com%2F2015%2F02%2F06%2Frussia-severing-ties-ukraine-dnepr-zenit-launch-programs%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADnepr+%28rocket%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sfn20150206-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-sfn20150206_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFClark2015" class="citation news cs1">Clark, Stephen (6 February 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://spaceflightnow.com/2015/02/06/customers-assured-of-dnepr-rockets-nearterm-availability/">"Customers assured of Dnepr rocket's near-term availability"</a>. <i>Spaceflight Now</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 February</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Spaceflight+Now&rft.atitle=Customers+assured+of+Dnepr+rocket%27s+near-term+availability&rft.date=2015-02-06&rft.aulast=Clark&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fspaceflightnow.com%2F2015%2F02%2F06%2Fcustomers-assured-of-dnepr-rockets-nearterm-availability%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADnepr+%28rocket%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gcat-r36-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-gcat-r36_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMcDowell2022" class="citation web cs1">McDowell, Jonathan (18 April 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://planet4589.org/space/gcat/data/launch/R-36.html">"General Catalog of Artificial Space Objects - R-36"</a>. <i>planet4589.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220418115205/https://planet4589.org/space/gcat/data/launch/R-36.html">Archived</a> from the original on 18 April 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 December</span> 2016</span>. <q>Kosmotras has received a contract to provide supplemental launch services on Dnepr launch vehicles. Dnepr can carry two satellites on each launch. One Dnepr launch, carrying the first two satellites, was planned, but it was delayed and finally canceled due to bureaucratic hurdles.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Gunter%27s+Space+Page&rft.atitle=Iridium-NEXT&rft.aulast=Krebs&rft.aufirst=Gunter&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fspace.skyrocket.de%2Fdoc_sdat%2Firidium-next.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADnepr+%28rocket%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKrebs" class="citation web cs1">Krebs, Gunter. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/grace-fo.htm">"GRACE-FO"</a>. <i>Gunter's Space Page</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 December</span> 2016</span>. <q>Originally a launch on a Dnepr rocket from Baikonur in 2017 was planned, but with Dnepr becoming unavailable, the launch was switched to a Falcon-9 v1.2 subcontracted from Iridium, flying together with five Iridium-NEXT satellites in December 2017.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Gunter%27s+Space+Page&rft.atitle=GRACE-FO&rft.aulast=Krebs&rft.aufirst=Gunter&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fspace.skyrocket.de%2Fdoc_sdat%2Fgrace-fo.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADnepr+%28rocket%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKrebs" class="citation web cs1">Krebs, Gunter. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/paz.htm">"Paz"</a>. <i>Gunter's Space Page</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 December</span> 2016</span>. <q>Originally Kosmotras was contracted to provide the Dnepr launch vehicle for a launch from Dombarovsky (Yasny) in 2015. After an 18 months delay, Hisdesat canceled the launch contract in July 2016. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 November</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Russian+Dnepr+conducts+record-breaking+32+satellite+haul&rft.pub=NASASpaceflight.com&rft.date=2013-11-21&rft.aulast=Graham&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasaspaceflight.com%2F2013%2F11%2Frussian-dnepr-record-breaking-32-satellite-haul%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADnepr+%28rocket%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.federalspace.ru/Start1Show.asp?STARTID=623">"EgyptSat 1/Saudisat-3 launch details"</a> (in Russian). <a href="/wiki/Russian_Federal_Space_Agency" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Federal Space Agency">Roskosmos</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=EgyptSat+1%2FSaudisat-3+launch+details&rft.pub=Roskosmos&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.federalspace.ru%2FStart1Show.asp%3FSTARTID%3D623&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADnepr+%28rocket%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070708231448/http://www.federalspace.ru/Start1Show.asp?STARTID=626">"TerraSAR-X launch details"</a> (in Russian). <a href="/wiki/Russian_Federal_Space_Agency" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Federal Space Agency">Roskosmos</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.federalspace.ru/Start1Show.asp?STARTID=626">the original</a> on 2007-07-08<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-07-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=TerraSAR-X+launch+details&rft.pub=Roskosmos&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.federalspace.ru%2FStart1Show.asp%3FSTARTID%3D626&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADnepr+%28rocket%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spaceflightnow.com/news/n0808/29dneprrapideye/">"Five RapidEye remote sensing satellites launched"</a>. Spaceflight Now.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Five+RapidEye+remote+sensing+satellites+launched&rft.pub=Spaceflight+Now&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.spaceflightnow.com%2Fnews%2Fn0808%2F29dneprrapideye%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADnepr+%28rocket%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-launch_time-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-launch_time_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://spacenews.com/briefs-146/">"Space briefs - Dnepr Launches Thai Remote Sensing Craft"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Space_News" class="mw-redirect" title="Space News">Space News</a>. 2008-10-10.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Space+briefs+-+Dnepr+Launches+Thai+Remote+Sensing+Craft&rft.pub=Space+News&rft.date=2008-10-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fspacenews.com%2Fbriefs-146%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADnepr+%28rocket%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-june2010-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-june2010_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFStephen_Clark2010" class="citation web cs1">Stephen Clark (June 15, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.space.com/missionlaunches/french-swedish-experiments-on-russian-launch-sfn-100615.html">"French Sun Satellite and Swedish Experiment Blast Off on Russian Rocket"</a>. Spaceflight Now (<a href="/wiki/Space.com" title="Space.com">Space.com</a>)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 22,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=French+Sun+Satellite+and+Swedish+Experiment+Blast+Off+on+Russian+Rocket&rft.pub=Spaceflight+Now+%28Space.com%29&rft.date=2010-06-15&rft.au=Stephen+Clark&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.space.com%2Fmissionlaunches%2Ffrench-swedish-experiments-on-russian-launch-sfn-100615.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADnepr+%28rocket%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rasat-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-rasat_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/default.aspx?pageid=438&n=rasat-takes-off-into-space-2011-08-17">"RASAT takes off into space"</a>. Anatolia News Agency. August 17, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=RASAT+takes+off+into+space&rft.pub=Anatolia+News+Agency&rft.date=2011-08-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hurriyetdailynews.com%2Fdefault.aspx%3Fpageid%3D438%26n%3Drasat-takes-off-into-space-2011-08-17&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADnepr+%28rocket%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWilliam_Graham2013" class="citation web cs1">William Graham (2013-08-22). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2013/08/russian-dnepr-rocket-airang-5/">"Russian Dnepr rocket launches with Arirang-5"</a>. NASASpaceflight.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Russian+Dnepr+rocket+launches+with+Arirang-5&rft.pub=NASASpaceflight.com&rft.date=2013-08-22&rft.au=William+Graham&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasaspaceflight.com%2F2013%2F08%2Frussian-dnepr-rocket-airang-5%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADnepr+%28rocket%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFStephen_Clark2013" class="citation web cs1">Stephen Clark (21 November 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spaceflightnow.com/news/n1311/21dnepr/#.Uo5_tcSrzko">"Silo-launched Dnepr rocket delivers 32 satellites to space"</a>. <i>Spaceflight Now</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 November</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Spaceflight+Now&rft.atitle=Silo-launched+Dnepr+rocket+delivers+32+satellites+to+space&rft.date=2013-11-21&rft.au=Stephen+Clark&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.spaceflightnow.com%2Fnews%2Fn1311%2F21dnepr%2F%23.Uo5_tcSrzko&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADnepr+%28rocket%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFStephen_Clark2014" class="citation web cs1">Stephen Clark (19 June 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2014/06/russian-dnepr-rocket-record-launch-37-satellites/">"Russian Dnepr rocket lofts record haul of 37 satellites"</a>. <i>Spaceflight Now</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 June</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Spaceflight+Now&rft.atitle=Russian+Dnepr+rocket+lofts+record+haul+of+37+satellites&rft.date=2014-06-19&rft.au=Stephen+Clark&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasaspaceflight.com%2F2014%2F06%2Frussian-dnepr-rocket-record-launch-37-satellites%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADnepr+%28rocket%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFStephen_Clark2014" class="citation web cs1">Stephen Clark (6 November 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://spaceflightnow.com/2014/11/06/japanese-satellites-launched-on-sovietera-missile/">"Japanese satellites launched on Soviet-era missile"</a>. <i>Spaceflight Now</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 November</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Spaceflight+Now&rft.atitle=Japanese+satellites+launched+on+Soviet-era+missile&rft.date=2014-11-06&rft.au=Stephen+Clark&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fspaceflightnow.com%2F2014%2F11%2F06%2Fjapanese-satellites-launched-on-sovietera-missile%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADnepr+%28rocket%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWilliam_Graham_and_Chris_Bergin2015" class="citation web cs1">William Graham and Chris Bergin (2015-03-25). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2015/03/russias-dnepr-rocket-kompsat-3a-mission/">"Russia's Dnepr rocket launches Kompsat-3A mission"</a>. NASASpaceflight.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Russia%27s+Dnepr+rocket+launches+Kompsat-3A+mission&rft.pub=NASASpaceflight.com&rft.date=2015-03-25&rft.au=William+Graham+and+Chris+Bergin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasaspaceflight.com%2F2015%2F03%2Frussias-dnepr-rocket-kompsat-3a-mission%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADnepr+%28rocket%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2006/11/03/news/AS_GEN_Kazakhstan_Russia_Space.php">"Russia to pay Kazakhstan over US$1 million in compensation for damage from rocket crash"</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Herald_Tribune" title="International Herald Tribune">International Herald Tribune</a>. 2006-10-03.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Russia+to+pay+Kazakhstan+over+US%241+million+in+compensation+for+damage+from+rocket+crash&rft.pub=International+Herald+Tribune&rft.date=2006-10-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iht.com%2Farticles%2Fap%2F2006%2F11%2F03%2Fnews%2FAS_GEN_Kazakhstan_Russia_Space.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADnepr+%28rocket%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dnepr_(rocket)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/60px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Dnepr_(rocket)" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Dnepr (rocket)">Dnepr (rocket)</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kosmotras.ru/">"Kosmotras launch service provider"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kosmotras+launch+service+provider&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kosmotras.ru%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADnepr+%28rocket%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://snebulos.mit.edu/projects/reference/launch_vehicles/DNEPR/Dnepr_User_Guide.pdf">"DNEPR User's guide"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology" title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">MIT</a>. November 2001.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=DNEPR+User%27s+guide&rft.pub=MIT&rft.date=2001-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsnebulos.mit.edu%2Fprojects%2Freference%2Flaunch_vehicles%2FDNEPR%2FDnepr_User_Guide.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADnepr+%28rocket%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060711163222/http://astronautix.com/lvs/r36m2.htm">"Astronautix entry - R-36M2"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.astronautix.com/lvs/r36m2.htm">the original</a> on 2006-07-11.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Astronautix+entry+-+R-36M2&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.astronautix.com%2Flvs%2Fr36m2.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADnepr+%28rocket%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www2.jpl.nasa.gov/calendar/">"Space Calendar (JPL)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Space+Calendar+%28JPL%29&rft.pub=NASA&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww2.jpl.nasa.gov%2Fcalendar%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADnepr+%28rocket%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/legacy/thereporters/jonathanamos/2010/03/riding-the-strangest-rocket-in.shtml?postid=93817103">"Riding the strangest rocket in the world"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a>. March 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Riding+the+strangest+rocket+in+the+world&rft.pub=BBC&rft.date=2010-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fblogs%2Flegacy%2Fthereporters%2Fjonathanamos%2F2010%2F03%2Friding-the-strangest-rocket-in.shtml%3Fpostid%3D93817103&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADnepr+%28rocket%29" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output 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.navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Soviet_and_Russian_launch_vehicles134" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Russian_launch_systems" title="Template:Russian launch systems"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Russian_launch_systems" title="Template talk:Russian launch systems"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Russian_launch_systems" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Russian launch systems"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Soviet_and_Russian_launch_vehicles134" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Soviet_space_program" title="Soviet space program">Soviet</a> and <a href="/wiki/Roscosmos" title="Roscosmos">Russian</a> <a href="/wiki/Launch_vehicle" title="Launch vehicle">launch vehicles</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Active</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angara_(rocket_family)" title="Angara (rocket family)">Angara</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angara-1.2" title="Angara-1.2">1.2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angara_A5" title="Angara A5">A5</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz-2" title="Soyuz-2">Soyuz-2</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz-2.1a" class="mw-redirect" title="Soyuz-2.1a">2.1a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz-2.1b" class="mw-redirect" title="Soyuz-2.1b">2.1b</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Rocket" title="Universal Rocket">UR</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Proton-M" title="Proton-M">Proton-M</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">In development</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz-7_(rocket_family)" class="mw-redirect" title="Soyuz-7 (rocket family)">Amur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irtysh_(rocket)" title="Irtysh (rocket)">Irtysh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yenisei_(rocket)" title="Yenisei (rocket)">Yenisei</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Retired</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Dnepr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energia_(rocket)" title="Energia (rocket)">Energia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_(rocket_family)" title="Kosmos (rocket family)">Kosmos</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos-1" title="Kosmos-1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos-2I" class="mw-redirect" title="Kosmos-2I">2I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos-3" class="mw-redirect" title="Kosmos-3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos-3M" title="Kosmos-3M">3M</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N1_(rocket)" title="N1 (rocket)">N1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R-7_(rocket_family)" title="R-7 (rocket family)">R-7</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Luna_(rocket)" title="Luna (rocket)">Luna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molniya_(rocket)" title="Molniya (rocket)">Molniya</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Molniya-M" title="Molniya-M">M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molniya-L" class="mw-redirect" title="Molniya-L">L</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polyot_(rocket)" title="Polyot (rocket)">Polyot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_(rocket_family)" title="Soyuz (rocket family)">Soyuz</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_(rocket)" title="Soyuz (rocket)">original</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz-L" title="Soyuz-L">L</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz-M" title="Soyuz-M">M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz-U" title="Soyuz-U">U</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz-U2" title="Soyuz-U2">U2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz-FG" title="Soyuz-FG">FG</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz-2.1v" class="mw-redirect" title="Soyuz-2.1v">2.1v</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz/Vostok" title="Soyuz/Vostok">Soyuz/Vostok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sputnik_(rocket)" title="Sputnik (rocket)">Sputnik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voskhod_(rocket)" title="Voskhod (rocket)">Voskhod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vostok_(rocket_family)" title="Vostok (rocket family)">Vostok</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vostok-L" title="Vostok-L">L</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vostok-K" title="Vostok-K">K</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vostok-2_(rocket)" title="Vostok-2 (rocket)">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vostok-2M" title="Vostok-2M">2M</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R-29_Vysota" class="mw-redirect" title="R-29 Vysota">R-29</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shtil%27" title="Shtil'">Shtil'</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volna" title="Volna">Volna</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Start-1" title="Start-1">Start-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsyklon" title="Tsyklon">Tsyklon</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tsyklon" title="Tsyklon">original</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsyklon-2" title="Tsyklon-2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsyklon-3" title="Tsyklon-3">3</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Rocket" title="Universal Rocket">UR</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Proton_(rocket_family)" title="Proton (rocket family)">UR-500</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proton-K" title="Proton-K">Proton-K</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rokot" title="Rokot">Rokot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strela_(rocket)" title="Strela (rocket)">Strela</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zenit_(rocket_family)" title="Zenit (rocket family)">Zenit</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zenit-2" title="Zenit-2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zenit-2M" title="Zenit-2M">2M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zenit-3SL" title="Zenit-3SL">3SL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zenit-3SLB" title="Zenit-3SLB">3SLB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zenit-3F" title="Zenit-3F">3F</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cancelled (no launch attempts)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tsyklon-4" title="Tsyklon-4">Tsyklon-4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proton_(rocket_family)" title="Proton (rocket family)">Proton</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Proton_Light" class="mw-redirect" title="Proton Light">Light</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proton_Medium" class="mw-redirect" title="Proton Medium">Medium</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="22px&#124;border_Ukrainian_launch_vehicles244" style="background-color:white;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ukrainian_launch_vehicles" title="Template:Ukrainian launch vehicles"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ukrainian_launch_vehicles" title="Template talk:Ukrainian launch vehicles"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ukrainian_launch_vehicles" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ukrainian launch vehicles"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="22px&#124;border_Ukrainian_launch_vehicles244" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Ukraine.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/22px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/33px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/44px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span> Ukrainian launch vehicles</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Tsyklon" title="Tsyklon">Cyclone (Tsyklon)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:#fcfcfc;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tsyklon" title="Tsyklon">Tsyklon-1M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsyklon-2" title="Tsyklon-2">Tsyklon-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsyklon-3" title="Tsyklon-3">Tsyklon-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsyklon-4" title="Tsyklon-4">Tsyklon-4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyclone-4M" title="Cyclone-4M">Cyclone-4M</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Zenit-3SL%D0%91.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Zenit-3SL%D0%91.jpg/80px-Zenit-3SL%D0%91.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="108" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Zenit-3SL%D0%91.jpg/120px-Zenit-3SL%D0%91.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Zenit-3SL%D0%91.jpg/160px-Zenit-3SL%D0%91.jpg 2x" data-file-width="424" data-file-height="574" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Zenit_(rocket_family)" title="Zenit (rocket family)">Zenit</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:#fcfcfc;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zenit-2" title="Zenit-2">Zenit-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zenit-2M" title="Zenit-2M">Zenit-2M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zenit-3SL" title="Zenit-3SL">Zenit-3SL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zenit-3SLB" title="Zenit-3SLB">Zenit-3SLB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zenit-3F" title="Zenit-3F">Zenit-3F</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top; white-space:nowrap;">Mayak</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:#fcfcfc;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mayak_(rocket_family)" title="Mayak (rocket family)">Mayak</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top; white-space:nowrap;">Dnipro (Dnepr)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:#fcfcfc;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Dnipro</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top; white-space:nowrap;">International projects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:#fcfcfc;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antares_(rocket)" title="Antares (rocket)">Antares</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vega_(rocket)" title="Vega (rocket)">VEGA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skyrora" title="Skyrora">Skyrora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firefly_Aerospace" title="Firefly Aerospace">Firefly Aerospace</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:NSAU_Logo1.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/NSAU_Logo1.svg/20px-NSAU_Logo1.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/NSAU_Logo1.svg/40px-NSAU_Logo1.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="249" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/State_Space_Agency_of_Ukraine" title="State Space Agency of Ukraine">Space agency</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Orbital_launch_systems535" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Orbital_launch_systems" title="Template:Orbital launch systems"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Orbital_launch_systems" title="Template talk:Orbital launch systems"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Orbital_launch_systems" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Orbital launch systems"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Orbital_launch_systems535" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Launch_vehicle" title="Launch vehicle">Orbital launch systems</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_orbital_launch_systems" title="List of orbital launch systems">List of orbital launch systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_orbital_launch_systems" title="Comparison of orbital launch systems">Comparison of orbital launch systems</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angara_(rocket_family)" title="Angara (rocket family)">Angara</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angara-1.2" title="Angara-1.2">1.2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angara_A5" title="Angara A5">A5</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariane_6" title="Ariane 6">Ariane 6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlas_V" title="Atlas V">Atlas V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceres-1" title="Ceres-1">Ceres</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ceres-1" title="Ceres-1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceres-1S" class="mw-redirect" title="Ceres-1S">1S</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chollima-1" title="Chollima-1">Chollima-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rocket_Lab_Electron" title="Rocket Lab Electron">Electron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falcon_9_Block_5" title="Falcon 9 Block 5">Falcon 9 Block 5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falcon_Heavy" title="Falcon Heavy">Falcon Heavy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firefly_Alpha" title="Firefly Alpha">Firefly Alpha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gravity-1" title="Gravity-1">Gravity-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geosynchronous_Satellite_Launch_Vehicle" title="Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle">GSLV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H-IIA" title="H-IIA">H-IIA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H3_(rocket)" title="H3 (rocket)">H3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperbola-1" title="Hyperbola-1">Hyperbola-1</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jielong_(rocket_family)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jielong (rocket family) (page does not exist)">Jielong</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jielong_1" title="Jielong 1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jielong_3" title="Jielong 3">3</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_One_KAIROS" title="Space One KAIROS">KAIROS</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaituozhe_(rocket_family)" title="Kaituozhe (rocket family)">Kaituozhe 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kinetica_1" title="Kinetica 1">Kinetica 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuaizhou" title="Kuaizhou">Kuaizhou</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kuaizhou_1" class="mw-redirect" title="Kuaizhou 1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuaizhou_1A" class="mw-redirect" title="Kuaizhou 1A">1A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuaizhou_11" class="mw-redirect" title="Kuaizhou 11">11</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_March_(rocket_family)" title="Long March (rocket family)">Long March</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Long_March_2C" title="Long March 2C">2C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_March_2D" title="Long March 2D">2D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_March_2F" title="Long March 2F">2F</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_March_3A" title="Long March 3A">3A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_March_3B" title="Long March 3B">3B/E</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_March_3C" title="Long March 3C">3C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_March_4B" title="Long March 4B">4B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_March_4C" title="Long March 4C">4C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_March_5" title="Long March 5">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_March_5B" class="mw-redirect" title="Long March 5B">5B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_March_6" title="Long March 6">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_March_6A" title="Long March 6A">6A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_March_6C" title="Long March 6C">6C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_March_7" title="Long March 7">7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_March_7A" class="mw-redirect" title="Long March 7A">7A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_March_8" title="Long March 8">8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_March_11" title="Long March 11">11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_March_11" title="Long March 11">11H</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_March_12" title="Long March 12">12</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LVM3" title="LVM3">LVM3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minotaur_(rocket_family)" title="Minotaur (rocket family)">Minotaur</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Minotaur_I" title="Minotaur I">I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minotaur_IV" title="Minotaur IV">IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minotaur_V" title="Minotaur V">V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minotaur-C" title="Minotaur-C">C</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Glenn" title="New Glenn">New Glenn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuri_(rocket)" title="Nuri (rocket)">Nuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OS-M1" class="mw-redirect" title="OS-M1">OS-M1</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pegasus_XL" class="mw-redirect" title="Pegasus XL">Pegasus XL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proton-M" title="Proton-M">Proton-M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polar_Satellite_Launch_Vehicle" title="Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle">PSLV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qaem_100" title="Qaem 100">Qaem 100</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qased_(rocket)" title="Qased (rocket)">Qased</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shavit_2" title="Shavit 2">Shavit 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simorgh_(rocket)" title="Simorgh (rocket)">Simorgh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Launch_System" title="Space Launch System">SLS</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Space_Launch_System#Block_variants" title="Space Launch System">Block 1</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz-2" title="Soyuz-2">Soyuz-2</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz-2.1a" class="mw-redirect" title="Soyuz-2.1a">2.1a / STA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz-2.1b" class="mw-redirect" title="Soyuz-2.1b">2.1b / STB</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Small_Satellite_Launch_Vehicle" title="Small Satellite Launch Vehicle">SSLV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SpaceX_Starship" title="SpaceX Starship">Starship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tianlong-2" title="Tianlong-2">Tianlong-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unha" title="Unha">Unha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vega_(rocket)" title="Vega (rocket)">Vega</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vega_C" title="Vega C">C</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vulcan_Centaur" title="Vulcan Centaur">Vulcan Centaur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LandSpace" title="LandSpace">Zhuque</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zhuque-2" title="Zhuque-2">2</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">In development</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antares_(rocket)" title="Antares (rocket)">Antares 330</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bloostar" class="mw-redirect" title="Bloostar">Bloostar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Whale_1" class="mw-redirect" title="Blue Whale 1">Blue Whale 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyclone-4M" title="Cyclone-4M">Cyclone-4M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interstellar_Technologies#DECA_orbital_rocket" title="Interstellar Technologies">Deca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epsilon_(rocket)#Epsilon_S" title="Epsilon (rocket)">Epsilon S</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilmour_Space_Technologies#Eris_orbital_rocket" title="Gilmour Space Technologies">Eris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orienspace" title="Orienspace">Gravity-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Innospace_HANBIT-NANO" title="Innospace HANBIT-NANO">HANBIT-NANO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperbola-2" class="mw-redirect" title="Hyperbola-2">Hyperbola-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irtysh_(rocket)" title="Irtysh (rocket)">Irtysh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KSLV-III" title="KSLV-III">KSLV-III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuaizhou" title="Kuaizhou">Kuaizhou</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kuaizhou_21" class="mw-redirect" title="Kuaizhou 21">21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuaizhou_31" class="mw-redirect" title="Kuaizhou 31">31</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_March_(rocket_family)" title="Long March (rocket family)">Long March</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Long_March_9" title="Long March 9">9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_March_10" title="Long March 10">10</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miura_5" title="Miura 5">Miura 5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medium_Launch_Vehicle" title="Medium Launch Vehicle">MLV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rocket_Lab_Neutron" title="Rocket Lab Neutron">Neutron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Line_1" class="mw-redirect" title="New Line 1">New Line 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Next_Generation_Launch_Vehicle" title="Next Generation Launch Vehicle">NGLV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stoke_Space_Nova" title="Stoke Space Nova">Nova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OneSpace#OS-M_series" title="OneSpace">OS-M</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/OneSpace#OS-M_series" title="OneSpace">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OneSpace#OS-M_series" title="OneSpace">4</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orbex#Prime" title="Orbex">Orbex Prime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pallas-1" title="Pallas-1">Pallas-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BluShift_Aerospace#Red_Dwarf" title="BluShift Aerospace">Red Dwarf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Launch_System" title="Space Launch System">SLS</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Space_Launch_System#Block_variants" title="Space Launch System">Block 1B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Launch_System#Block_variants" title="Space Launch System">Block 2</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz-7_(rocket_family)" class="mw-redirect" title="Soyuz-7 (rocket family)">Soyuz-7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spectrum_(rocket)" title="Spectrum (rocket)">Spectrum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terran_R" title="Terran R">Terran R</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tianlong-3" title="Tianlong-3">Tianlong-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VLM_(rocket)" title="VLM (rocket)">VLM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vega_E" class="mw-redirect" title="Vega E">Vega E</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interstellar_Technologies#ZERO_orbital_rocket" title="Interstellar Technologies">Zero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LandSpace" title="LandSpace">Zhuque</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LandSpace#Zhuque-3" title="LandSpace">3</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zuljanah_(rocket)" title="Zuljanah (rocket)">Zuljanah</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Retired</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antares_(rocket)" title="Antares (rocket)">Antares</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antares_(rocket)" title="Antares (rocket)">110</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antares_(rocket)" title="Antares (rocket)">120</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antares_(rocket)" title="Antares (rocket)">130</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antares_(rocket)" title="Antares (rocket)">230</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antares_(rocket)" title="Antares (rocket)">230+</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariane_(rocket_family)" title="Ariane (rocket family)">Ariane</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ariane_1" title="Ariane 1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariane_2" title="Ariane 2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariane_3" title="Ariane 3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariane_4" title="Ariane 4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariane_5" title="Ariane 5">5</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augmented_Satellite_Launch_Vehicle" title="Augmented Satellite Launch Vehicle">ASLV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athena_(rocket_family)" title="Athena (rocket family)">Athena</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Athena_I" title="Athena I">I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athena_II" title="Athena II">II</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlas_(rocket_family)" title="Atlas (rocket family)">Atlas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SM-65B_Atlas" title="SM-65B Atlas">B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SM-65D_Atlas" title="SM-65D Atlas">D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlas_E/F" title="Atlas E/F">E/F</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlas_G" title="Atlas G">G</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlas_H" title="Atlas H">H</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlas_I" title="Atlas I">I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlas_II" title="Atlas II">II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlas_III" title="Atlas III">III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlas_LV-3B" title="Atlas LV-3B">LV-3B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlas_SLV-3" title="Atlas SLV-3">SLV-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlas-Able" title="Atlas-Able">Able</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlas-Agena" title="Atlas-Agena">Agena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlas-Centaur" title="Atlas-Centaur">Centaur</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Arrow" title="Black Arrow">Black Arrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conestoga_(rocket)" title="Conestoga (rocket)">Conestoga</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta_(rocket_family)" title="Delta (rocket family)">Delta</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Delta_A" title="Delta A">A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta_B" title="Delta B">B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta_C" title="Delta C">C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta_D" title="Delta D">D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta_E" title="Delta E">E</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta_G" title="Delta G">G</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta_J" title="Delta J">J</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta_L" title="Delta L">L</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta_M" title="Delta M">M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta_N" title="Delta N">N</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta_0100" title="Delta 0100">0100</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta_1000" title="Delta 1000">1000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta_2000" title="Delta 2000">2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta_3000" title="Delta 3000">3000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta_4000" title="Delta 4000">4000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta_5000" title="Delta 5000">5000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta_II" title="Delta II">II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta_III" title="Delta III">III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta_IV" title="Delta IV">IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta_IV_Heavy" title="Delta IV Heavy">IV Heavy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diamant" title="Diamant">Diamant</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Dnepr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energia_(rocket)" title="Energia (rocket)">Energia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epsilon_(rocket)" title="Epsilon (rocket)">Epsilon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Europa_(rocket)" title="Europa (rocket)">Europa</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Europa_(rocket)" title="Europa (rocket)">I</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Europa_(rocket)" title="Europa (rocket)">II</a><sup>†</sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falcon_1" title="Falcon 1">Falcon 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falcon_9" title="Falcon 9">Falcon 9</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Falcon_9_v1.0" title="Falcon 9 v1.0">v1.0</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falcon_9_v1.1" title="Falcon 9 v1.1">v1.1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falcon_9_Full_Thrust" title="Falcon 9 Full Thrust">v1.2 "Full Thrust"</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feng_Bao_1" title="Feng Bao 1">Feng Bao 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geosynchronous_Satellite_Launch_Vehicle" title="Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle">GSLV</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/GSLV_Mk_I" class="mw-redirect" title="GSLV Mk I">Mk I</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H-I" title="H-I">H-I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H-II" title="H-II">H-II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H-IIB" title="H-IIB">H-IIB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juno_I" title="Juno I">Juno I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juno_II" title="Juno II">Juno II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaituozhe-1" class="mw-redirect" title="Kaituozhe-1">Kaituozhe-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_(rocket_family)" title="Kosmos (rocket family)">Kosmos</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_(rocket_family)" title="Kosmos (rocket family)">original</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos-1" title="Kosmos-1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos-2I" class="mw-redirect" title="Kosmos-2I">2/2I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos-3" class="mw-redirect" title="Kosmos-3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos-3M" title="Kosmos-3M">3M</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lambda_(rocket_family)" title="Lambda (rocket family)">Lambda</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lambda_4S" title="Lambda 4S">4S</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LauncherOne" title="LauncherOne">LauncherOne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_March_(rocket_family)" title="Long March (rocket family)">Long March</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Long_March_1" title="Long March 1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_March_1D" title="Long March 1D">1D</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_March_2A" title="Long March 2A">2A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_March_2E" title="Long March 2E">2E</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_March_3" title="Long March 3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_March_3B" title="Long March 3B">3B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_March_4A" title="Long March 4A">4A</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mu_(rocket_family)" title="Mu (rocket family)">Mu</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/M-4S" class="mw-redirect" title="M-4S">4S</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M-3C" class="mw-redirect" title="M-3C">3C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M-3H" class="mw-redirect" title="M-3H">3H</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M-3S" class="mw-redirect" title="M-3S">3S</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M-3SII" class="mw-redirect" title="M-3SII">3SII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M-V" title="M-V">V</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N1_(rocket)" title="N1 (rocket)">N1</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N-I_(rocket)" title="N-I (rocket)">N-I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N-II_(rocket)" title="N-II (rocket)">N-II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naro-1" title="Naro-1">Naro-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paektusan_(rocket)" class="mw-redirect" title="Paektusan (rocket)">Paektusan</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NOTS-EV-1_Pilot" title="NOTS-EV-1 Pilot">Pilot-2</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R-7_(rocket_family)" title="R-7 (rocket family)">R-7</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Luna_(rocket)" title="Luna (rocket)">Luna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molniya_(rocket)" title="Molniya (rocket)">Molniya</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Molniya-M" title="Molniya-M">M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molniya-L" class="mw-redirect" title="Molniya-L">L</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polyot_(rocket)" title="Polyot (rocket)">Polyot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_(rocket_family)" title="Soyuz (rocket family)">Soyuz</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_(rocket)" title="Soyuz (rocket)">original</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz-FG" title="Soyuz-FG">FG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz-L" title="Soyuz-L">L</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz-M" title="Soyuz-M">M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz-U" title="Soyuz-U">U</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz-U2" title="Soyuz-U2">U2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz-2-1v" class="mw-redirect" title="Soyuz-2-1v">2-1v</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz/Vostok" title="Soyuz/Vostok">Soyuz/Vostok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sputnik_(rocket)" title="Sputnik (rocket)">Sputnik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voskhod_(rocket)" title="Voskhod (rocket)">Voskhod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vostok_(rocket_family)" title="Vostok (rocket family)">Vostok</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vostok-L" title="Vostok-L">L</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vostok-K" title="Vostok-K">K</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vostok-2_(rocket)" title="Vostok-2 (rocket)">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vostok-2M" title="Vostok-2M">2M</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R-29_Vysota" class="mw-redirect" title="R-29 Vysota">R-29</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shtil%27" title="Shtil'">Shtil'</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volna" title="Volna">Volna</a><sup>†</sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astra_Rocket" title="Astra Rocket">Rocket 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RS1_(rocket)" title="RS1 (rocket)">RS1</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safir_(rocket)" title="Safir (rocket)">Safir</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Safir_(rocket)" title="Safir (rocket)">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safir_(rocket)" title="Safir (rocket)">1A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safir_(rocket)" title="Safir (rocket)">1B</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saturn_(rocket_family)" title="Saturn (rocket family)">Saturn</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saturn_I" title="Saturn I">I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saturn_IB" title="Saturn IB">IB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saturn_V" title="Saturn V">V</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scout_(rocket_family)" title="Scout (rocket family)">Scout</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Scout_X-1" title="Scout X-1">X-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RM-90_Blue_Scout_II" title="RM-90 Blue Scout II">Blue Scout II</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scout_X-2" title="Scout X-2">X-2</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scout_X-2M" title="Scout X-2M">X-2M</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scout_X-3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Scout X-3 (page does not exist)">X-3</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scout_X-3M&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Scout X-3M (page does not exist)">X-3M</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scout_X-4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Scout X-4 (page does not exist)">X-4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scout_X-2B" title="Scout X-2B">X-2B</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scout_B" class="mw-redirect" title="Scout B">B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scout_A" class="mw-redirect" title="Scout A">A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scout_B-1" class="mw-redirect" title="Scout B-1">B-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scout_D-1" class="mw-redirect" title="Scout D-1">D-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scout_A-1" class="mw-redirect" title="Scout A-1">A-1</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scout_E-1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Scout E-1 (page does not exist)">E-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scout_F-1" class="mw-redirect" title="Scout F-1">F-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scout_G-1" class="mw-redirect" title="Scout G-1">G-1</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shavit_2" title="Shavit 2">Shavit</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shavit_2" title="Shavit 2">original</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shavit_2" title="Shavit 2">1</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satellite_Launch_Vehicle" title="Satellite Launch Vehicle">SLV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle" title="Space Shuttle">Space Shuttle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SPARK_(rocket)" title="SPARK (rocket)">SPARK</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sparta_(rocket)" title="Sparta (rocket)">Sparta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS-520#SS-520-4" class="mw-redirect" title="SS-520">SS-520</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Start-1" title="Start-1">Start-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terran_1" title="Terran 1">Terran 1</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thor_(rocket_family)" title="Thor (rocket family)">Thor</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thor-Able" title="Thor-Able">Able</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thor-Ablestar" title="Thor-Ablestar">Ablestar</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thor-Ablestar" title="Thor-Ablestar">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thor-Ablestar" title="Thor-Ablestar">2</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thor-Agena" title="Thor-Agena">Agena</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thor-Agena" title="Thor-Agena">A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thor-Agena" title="Thor-Agena">B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thor-Agena" title="Thor-Agena">D</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thor-Burner" title="Thor-Burner">Burner</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thor-Burner" title="Thor-Burner">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thor-Burner" title="Thor-Burner">2</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thor-Delta" title="Thor-Delta">Delta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thor_DSV-2U" title="Thor DSV-2U">DSV-2U</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thorad-Agena" title="Thorad-Agena">Thorad-Agena</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thorad-Agena" title="Thorad-Agena">SLV-2G</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thorad-Agena" title="Thorad-Agena">SLV-2H</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titan_(rocket_family)" title="Titan (rocket family)">Titan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Titan_II_GLV" title="Titan II GLV">II GLV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titan_IIIA" title="Titan IIIA">IIIA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titan_IIIB" title="Titan IIIB">IIIB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titan_IIIC" title="Titan IIIC">IIIC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titan_IIID" title="Titan IIID">IIID</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titan_IIIE" title="Titan IIIE">IIIE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titan_34D" title="Titan 34D">34D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titan_23G" title="Titan 23G">23G</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commercial_Titan_III" title="Commercial Titan III">CT-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titan_IV" title="Titan IV">IV</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsyklon" title="Tsyklon">Tsyklon</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/R-36_(missile)" title="R-36 (missile)">R-36-O</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsyklon" title="Tsyklon">original</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsyklon-2" title="Tsyklon-2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsyklon-3" title="Tsyklon-3">3</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Rocket" title="Universal Rocket">Universal Rocket</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Proton_(rocket_family)" title="Proton (rocket family)">UR-500 Proton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proton-K" title="Proton-K">Proton-K</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rokot" title="Rokot">Rokot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strela_(rocket)" title="Strela (rocket)">Strela</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanguard_(rocket)" title="Vanguard (rocket)">Vanguard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vega_(rocket)" title="Vega (rocket)">Vega</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vega_(rocket)" title="Vega (rocket)">original</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VLS-1" title="VLS-1">VLS-1</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zenit_(rocket_family)" title="Zenit (rocket family)">Zenit</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zenit-2" title="Zenit-2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zenit-2M" title="Zenit-2M">2M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zenit-2M" title="Zenit-2M">2FG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zenit-3SL" title="Zenit-3SL">3SL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zenit-3SLB" title="Zenit-3SLB">3SLB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zenit-3F" title="Zenit-3F">3F</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LandSpace" title="LandSpace">Zhuque</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zhuque-1" class="mw-redirect" title="Zhuque-1">1</a><sup>†</sup></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Classes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sounding_rocket" title="Sounding rocket">Sounding rocket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Small-lift_launch_vehicle" title="Small-lift launch vehicle">Small-lift launch vehicle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medium-lift_launch_vehicle" title="Medium-lift launch vehicle">Medium-lift launch vehicle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heavy-lift_launch_vehicle" title="Heavy-lift launch vehicle">Heavy-lift launch vehicle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Super_heavy-lift_launch_vehicle" title="Super heavy-lift launch vehicle">Super heavy-lift launch vehicle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>This template lists historical, current, and future space rockets that at least once attempted (but not necessarily succeeded in) an orbital launch or that are planned to attempt such a launch in the future</li> <li>Symbol <sup>†</sup> indicates past or current rockets that attempted orbital launches but never succeeded (never did or has 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