CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-disabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-not-available" lang="zh" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>維基教科書，自由的教學讀本</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-disabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-not-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )zhwikibooksmwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""], "wgDefaultDateFormat":"zh","wgMonthNames":["","1月","2月","3月","4月","5月","6月","7月","8月","9月","10月","11月","12月"],"wgRequestId":"0400d8ac-3e6e-4151-a80b-3f0a972ad86c","wgCanonicalNamespace":"Project","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":4,"wgPageName":"Wikibooks:首页","wgTitle":"首页","wgCurRevisionId":172707,"wgRevisionId":172707,"wgArticleId":2,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["首页"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"zh","wgPageContentLanguage":"zh","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Wikibooks:首页","wgRelevantArticleId":2,"wgUserVariant":"zh","wgIsProbablyEditable":false,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":false,"wgRestrictionEdit":["sysop"],"wgRestrictionMove":["sysop"],"wgIsMainPage":true,"wgNoticeProject":"wikibooks","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":true,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgVisualEditor":{ "pageLanguageCode":"zh","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":["zh-hans","zh-hant","zh-cn","zh-tw","zh-hk","zh-sg","zh-mo","zh-my"]},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":3000,"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgDiscussionToolsFeaturesEnabled":{"replytool":true,"newtopictool":true,"sourcemodetoolbar":true,"topicsubscription":false,"autotopicsub":false,"visualenhancements":false,"visualenhancements_reply":false,"visualenhancements_pageframe":false},"wgDiscussionToolsFallbackEditMode":"source","wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q5296","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"]};RLSTATE={ "ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.discussionTools.init.styles":"ready","oojs-ui-core.styles":"ready","oojs-ui.styles.indicators":"ready","mediawiki.widgets.styles":"ready","oojs-ui-core.icons":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["site","mediawiki.page.ready","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.AdvancedSiteNotices","ext.gadget.noteTA","ext.gadget.internalLinkHelper-altcolor","ext.gadget.IRC","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader", "ext.echo.centralauth","ext.discussionTools.init","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=zh&modules=ext.discussionTools.init.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cmediawiki.widgets.styles%7Coojs-ui-core.icons%2Cstyles%7Coojs-ui.styles.indicators%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=zh&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=zh&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="維基教科書，自由的教學讀本"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//zh.m.wikibooks.org/wiki/Wikibooks:%E9%A6%96%E9%A1%B5"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikibooks.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikibooks (zh)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//zh.wikibooks.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://zh.wikibooks.org/wiki/Wikibooks:%E9%A6%96%E9%A1%B5"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh" href="https://zh.wikibooks.org/wiki/Wikibooks:%E9%A6%96%E9%A1%B5"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans" href="https://zh.wikibooks.org/zh-hans/Wikibooks:%E9%A6%96%E9%A1%B5"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans-CN" href="https://zh.wikibooks.org/zh-cn/Wikibooks:%E9%A6%96%E9%A1%B5"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans-SG" href="https://zh.wikibooks.org/zh-sg/Wikibooks:%E9%A6%96%E9%A1%B5"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant" href="https://zh.wikibooks.org/zh-hant/Wikibooks:%E9%A6%96%E9%A1%B5"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant-HK" href="https://zh.wikibooks.org/zh-hk/Wikibooks:%E9%A6%96%E9%A1%B5"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant-TW" href="https://zh.wikibooks.org/zh-tw/Wikibooks:%E9%A6%96%E9%A1%B5"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="x-default" href="https://zh.wikibooks.org/wiki/Wikibooks:%E9%A6%96%E9%A1%B5"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.zh"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikibooks的Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E6%9C%80%E8%BF%91%E6%9B%B4%E6%94%B9&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="ext-discussiontools-replytool-enabled ext-discussiontools-newtopictool-enabled ext-discussiontools-sourcemodetoolbar-enabled skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-4 ns-subject page-Wikibooks_首页 page-Main_Page rootpage-Wikibooks_首页 skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">跳转到内容</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="主菜单" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">主菜单</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">主菜单</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 导航 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpagedisplay" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:%E9%A6%96%E9%A1%B5"><span>首页</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:%E7%A4%BE%E5%8C%BA%E4%B8%BB%E9%A1%B5" title="关于本计划，您可做的事，何处找到您所需"><span>社群首页</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%9C%80%E8%BF%91%E6%9B%B4%E6%94%B9" title="本wiki的最近更改列表[r]" accesskey="r"><span>最近更改</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%9A%8F%E6%9C%BA%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2" title="随机加载页面[x]" accesskey="x"><span>随机页面</span></a></li><li id="n-wikilibrary" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Subject:%E7%B4%A2%E5%BC%95"><span>图书馆</span></a></li><li id="n-wikijunior" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikijunior:%E7%B6%AD%E5%9F%BA%E5%85%92%E7%AB%A5"><span>维基儿童</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:%E4%B8%8A%E4%BC%A0"><span>上传文件</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-help" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-help" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 帮助 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:%E7%9B%AE%E5%BD%95" title="查找帮助的地方"><span>帮助</span></a></li><li id="n-villagepump" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:%E4%BA%92%E5%8A%A9%E5%AE%A2%E6%A3%A7"><span>互助客栈</span></a></li><li id="n-policy" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:%E6%96%B9%E9%87%9D%E8%88%87%E6%8C%87%E5%BC%95"><span>方针与指引</span></a></li><li id="n-conversion" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:%E5%AD%97%E8%AF%8D%E8%BD%AC%E6%8D%A2%E8%AF%B7%E6%B1%82%E6%88%96%E5%80%99%E9%80%89"><span>字词转换</span></a></li><li id="n-allpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%89%80%E6%9C%89%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2"><span>所有页面</span></a></li><li id="n-IRC" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:IRC%E8%81%8A%E5%A4%A9%E9%A0%BB%E9%81%93"><span>IRC即時聊天</span></a></li><li id="n-contact" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:%E8%81%94%E7%BB%9C%E6%88%91%E4%BB%AC"><span>联络我们</span></a></li><li id="n-about" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:%E5%85%B3%E4%BA%8E"><span>关于维基教科书</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:%E9%A6%96%E9%A1%B5" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikibooks.svg" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="维基教科书" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikibooks-wordmark-zh.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.375em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikibooks-tagline-zh.svg" width="120" height="12" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.75em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%90%9C%E7%B4%A2" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="搜索Wikibooks内容[f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>搜索</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="搜索维基教科书" aria-label="搜索维基教科书" autocapitalize="sentences" title="搜索Wikibooks内容[f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:搜索"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">搜索</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="个人工具"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="外观"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="更改页面字体大小、宽度和颜色的外观" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="外观" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">外观</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_zh.wikibooks.org&uselang=zh" class=""><span>资助我们</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=Wikibooks%3A%E9%A6%96%E9%A1%B5" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录，但这不是强制性的" class=""><span>创建账号</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=Wikibooks%3A%E9%A6%96%E9%A1%B5" title="我们推荐您登录，但这不是强制性的[o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>登录</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="更多选项" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="个人工具" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">个人工具</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="用户菜单" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_zh.wikibooks.org&uselang=zh"><span>资助我们</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=Wikibooks%3A%E9%A6%96%E9%A1%B5" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录，但这不是强制性的"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>创建账号</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=Wikibooks%3A%E9%A6%96%E9%A1%B5" title="我们推荐您登录，但这不是强制性的[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>登录</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="有关本IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-namespace">维基教科书</span><span class="mw-page-title-separator">:</span><span class="mw-page-title-main">首页</span></h1> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-project" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:%E9%A6%96%E9%A1%B5" title="查看计划页面[c]" accesskey="c"><span>首页</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikibooks_talk:%E9%A6%96%E9%A1%B5" rel="discussion" title="有关内容页面的讨论[t]" accesskey="t"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="更改语言变体" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">不转换</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-varlang-0" class="selected ca-variants-zh mw-list-item"><a href="/zh/Wikibooks:%E9%A6%96%E9%A1%B5" lang="zh" hreflang="zh"><span>不转换</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-1" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hans/Wikibooks:%E9%A6%96%E9%A1%B5" lang="zh-Hans" hreflang="zh-Hans"><span>简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-2" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hant/Wikibooks:%E9%A6%96%E9%A1%B5" lang="zh-Hant" hreflang="zh-Hant"><span>繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-3" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-CN mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-cn/Wikibooks:%E9%A6%96%E9%A1%B5" lang="zh-Hans-CN" hreflang="zh-Hans-CN"><span>大陆简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-4" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-HK mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hk/Wikibooks:%E9%A6%96%E9%A1%B5" lang="zh-Hant-HK" hreflang="zh-Hant-HK"><span>港澳繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-5" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-SG mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-sg/Wikibooks:%E9%A6%96%E9%A1%B5" lang="zh-Hans-SG" hreflang="zh-Hans-SG"><span>马新简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-6" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-TW mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-tw/Wikibooks:%E9%A6%96%E9%A1%B5" lang="zh-Hant-TW" hreflang="zh-Hant-TW"><span>臺灣正體</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="查看"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:%E9%A6%96%E9%A1%B5"><span>阅读</span></a></li><li id="ca-viewsource" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikibooks:%E9%A6%96%E9%A1%B5&action=edit" title="本页面受到保护。
您可以查看其源代码[e]" accesskey="e"><span>查看源代码</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikibooks:%E9%A6%96%E9%A1%B5&action=history" title="该页面过去的修订[h]" accesskey="h"><span>查看历史</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="工具" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">工具</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">工具</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="更多选项" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 操作 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:%E9%A6%96%E9%A1%B5"><span>阅读</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-viewsource" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikibooks:%E9%A6%96%E9%A1%B5&action=edit"><span>查看源代码</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikibooks:%E9%A6%96%E9%A1%B5&action=history"><span>查看历史</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 常规 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%93%BE%E5%85%A5%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Wikibooks:%E9%A6%96%E9%A1%B5" title="所有链接至本页面的wiki页面列表[j]" accesskey="j"><span>链入页面</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%93%BE%E5%87%BA%E6%9B%B4%E6%94%B9/Wikibooks:%E9%A6%96%E9%A1%B5" rel="nofollow" title="链自本页的页面的最近更改[k]" accesskey="k"><span>相关更改</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%89%B9%E6%AE%8A%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2" title="所有特殊页面的列表[q]" accesskey="q"><span>特殊页面</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikibooks:%E9%A6%96%E9%A1%B5&oldid=172707" title="此页面该修订版本的固定链接"><span>固定链接</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikibooks:%E9%A6%96%E9%A1%B5&action=info" title="关于此页面的更多信息"><span>页面信息</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:URL%E7%BC%A9%E7%9F%AD%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh.wikibooks.org%2Fwiki%2FWikibooks%3A%25E9%25A6%2596%25E9%25A1%25B5"><span>获取短链接</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh.wikibooks.org%2Fwiki%2FWikibooks%3A%25E9%25A6%2596%25E9%25A1%25B5"><span>下载二维码</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 打印/导出 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="electron-print_pdf" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Wikibooks%3A%E9%A6%96%E9%A1%B5&action=show-download-screen"><span>下载为PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="javascript:print();" rel="alternate" title="本页面的可打印版本[p]" accesskey="p"><span>打印版本</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 在其他项目中 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Main_Page" hreflang="en"><span>维基共享资源</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-foundation mw-list-item"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Home" hreflang="en"><span>维基媒体基金会</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-mediawiki mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/MediaWiki" hreflang="en"><span>MediaWiki</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-meta mw-list-item"><a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Main_Page" hreflang="en"><span>元维基</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-outreach mw-list-item"><a href="https://outreach.wikimedia.org/wiki/Main_Page" hreflang="en"><span>維基媒體拓展</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-sources mw-list-item"><a href="https://wikisource.org/wiki/Main_Page" hreflang="en"><span>多语言维基文库</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-species mw-list-item"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Main_Page" hreflang="en"><span>维基物种</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikidata mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:Main_Page" hreflang="en"><span>维基数据</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikifunctions mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikifunctions.org/wiki/Wikifunctions:Main_Page" hreflang="en"><span>Wikifunctions</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikimania badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://wikimania.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimania" hreflang="en"><span>维基媒体国际会议</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikinews mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikinews.org/wiki/Wikinews:%E9%A6%96%E9%A1%B5" hreflang="zh"><span>维基新闻</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikipedia mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:%E9%A6%96%E9%A1%B5" hreflang="zh"><span>维基百科</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikiquote mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikiquote.org/wiki/Wikiquote:%E9%A6%96%E9%A1%B5" hreflang="zh"><span>维基语录</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikisource mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/Wikisource:%E9%A6%96%E9%A1%B5" hreflang="zh"><span>维基文库</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikiversity mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikiversity.org/wiki/Wikiversity:%E9%A6%96%E9%A1%B5" hreflang="zh"><span>维基学院</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikivoyage mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikivoyage.org/wiki/%E9%A6%96%E9%A1%B5" hreflang="zh"><span>维基导游</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wiktionary mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wiktionary.org/wiki/Wiktionary:%E9%A6%96%E9%A1%B5" hreflang="zh"><span>维基词典</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q5296" title="链接到连接的数据仓库项目[g]" accesskey="g"><span>维基数据项目</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="外观"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">外观</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">维基教科书，自由的教学读本</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="zh" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r134905">@media screen and (max-width:720px){body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output td,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output tr,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output tbody,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output table{display:block!important;width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box}}</style> <table width="100%" style="background:#f9f9f9; box-shadow:gray 1px 1px 4px; padding:1em;"> <tbody><tr> <td width="300px" align="center"> <div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikibooks-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="维基教科书"><img alt="维基教科书" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/120px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/180px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/240px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"/></a></span></div> </td> <td width="100%"> <div id="mf-head"> <div align="center" style="font-size:1.0em; color:gray; margin:0.2em;">自由世界，自由读本</div> <div align="center" style="font-size:2.2em; color:green; margin:0.3em">维基教科书</div> <div align="center" style="font-size:0.9em; color:gray; margin:0.2em;">人人可编辑的自由教学读本</div> <div align="center" style="font-size:0.9em; color:gray; margin:0.2em;">已有<a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1" title="Special:统计"><span style="color: gray;"><b>3,718</b></span></a>本中文教科书</div> </div> </td> <td width="300px" align="center"> <div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikijunior:%E7%B6%AD%E5%9F%BA%E5%85%92%E7%AB%A5" title="维基儿童"><img alt="维基儿童" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Wikijunior.svg/120px-Wikijunior.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Wikijunior.svg/180px-Wikijunior.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Wikijunior.svg/240px-Wikijunior.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="170" data-file-height="135"/></a></span></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div id="mf-navigation" align="center" style="margin:1em; font-size:1.1em; text-shadow:gray 0px 0px 3px; color:white;"> <p><a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:%E6%AC%A2%E8%BF%8E" title="Wikibooks:欢迎">欢迎</a> <a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:%E5%85%B3%E4%BA%8E" title="Wikibooks:关于">关于</a> <a href="/wiki/Help:%E7%9B%AE%E5%BD%95" title="Help:目录">帮助</a> <a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:%E7%A4%BE%E5%8C%BA%E4%B8%BB%E9%A1%B5" title="Wikibooks:社区主页">社区</a> <a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:%E4%BA%92%E5%8A%A9%E5%AE%A2%E6%A3%A7" title="Wikibooks:互助客棧">互助客栈</a> <a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:%E6%B2%99%E7%9B%92" title="Wikibooks:沙盒">沙盒</a> <a href="/wiki/Category:%E9%A6%96%E9%A1%B5" title="Category:首页">分类</a> <a href="/wiki/Subject:%E7%B4%A2%E5%BC%95" title="Subject:索引">图书馆</a> <a href="/wiki/Wikijunior:%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E5%84%BF%E7%AB%A5" title="Wikijunior:维基儿童">维基儿童</a> <a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:%E5%B0%8F%E5%AD%A6" title="Wikibooks:小学">小学</a> <a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:%E4%B8%AD%E5%AD%A6" title="Wikibooks:中学">中学</a> <a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" title="Wikibooks:大学">大学</a> </p> </div> <table width="100%" style="padding:0em; border:0em; margin:0em;"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top"> <div id="mf-good" style="box-shadow:gray 1px 1px 4px; margin-bottom:1em; padding:1em;"> <div style="color:gray; font-size:1.5em;">优良读本</div> <div style="margin:1em;"> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gold_Water_River.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="封面图片"><img alt="封面图片" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Gold_Water_River.JPG/160px-Gold_Water_River.JPG" decoding="async" width="160" height="106" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Gold_Water_River.JPG/240px-Gold_Water_River.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Gold_Water_River.JPG/320px-Gold_Water_River.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="998"/></a><figcaption>封面图片</figcaption></figure> <p>《<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2" title="世界歷史">世界歷史</a>》是一份自由、內容開放的世界歷史教學書。它的目標是創建一份高質量的中學或以上水平的世界歷史教學資源。 </p><p>它从史前时代，记录至今。从古希腊到古罗马，新航路与殖民史，两次工业革命的车轮，世界大战的硝烟，和平时代的理想…… </p><p>历史是诗，可歌可叹；历史是镜，知古鉴今。 </p> </div> </div> <div id="mf-wikijunior" style="box-shadow:gray 1px 1px 4px; margin-bottom:1em; padding:1em;"> <div style="color:gray; font-size:1.5em;">维基儿童</div> <div style="margin:1em;"> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:LynxInNumedal.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="封面图片"><img alt="封面图片" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/LynxInNumedal.jpg/160px-LynxInNumedal.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/LynxInNumedal.jpg/240px-LynxInNumedal.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/LynxInNumedal.jpg/320px-LynxInNumedal.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2981" data-file-height="1988"/></a><figcaption>封面图片</figcaption></figure> <p>《<a href="/wiki/Wikijunior:%E5%A4%A7%E7%8C%AB" title="Wikijunior:大猫">维基儿童·大猫</a>》为对自然充满好奇的你讲述大猫的奇幻有趣的生活。 </p><p>想知道老虎生活在哪里，美洲狮是什么样子的，雪豹吃些什么，怎样获得食物，狞猫怎么哺育后代？ </p><p>所有问题的答案，都在这本有趣的书里。让我们一起踏上通向大自然的旅程，走过密林，丘陵，沙漠，雪山，草原，寻找那些最可爱的生灵！ </p> </div> </div> <div id="mf-choice" style="box-shadow:gray 1px 1px 4px; margin-bottom:1em; padding:1em;"> <div style="color:gray; font-size:1.5em;">精选读本</div> <div style="margin:1em;"> <table class="mainpage-choiceness"> <tbody><tr> <td width="35px"><b><a href="/wiki/Subject:%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8" title="Subject:自然科學">自然科学</a></b> </td> <td>《<a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E4%B8%AD%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86" title="高中物理">高中物理</a>》《<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%A6" title="基础力学">基础力学</a>》《<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A0%E6%9C%BA%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="无机化学">无机化学</a>》《<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="生物化学">生物化学</a>》《<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%86%E5%AD%90%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="分子生物学">分子生物学</a>》《<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A8%E5%8A%9B%E6%B0%94%E8%B1%A1%E5%AD%A6" title="动力气象学">动力气象学</a>》 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Subject:%E6%95%B8%E5%AD%B8" title="Subject:數學">数学</a></b> </td> <td>《<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E5%AD%A6%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%A6" title="小学数学">小学数学</a>》《<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%AE%E7%A7%AF%E5%88%86%E5%AD%A6" title="微积分学">微积分学</a>》 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Subject:%E8%A8%88%E7%AE%97%E6%A9%9F%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8" title="Subject:計算機科學">电脑</a></b> </td> <td>《<a href="/wiki/Solaris_10" title="Solaris 10">Solaris 10</a>》《<a href="/wiki/Haskell" title="Haskell">Haskell</a>》《<a href="/wiki/Java" title="Java">Java</a>》《<a href="/wiki/JavaScript" title="JavaScript">JavaScript</a>》《<a href="/wiki/IRC" title="IRC">IRC</a>》《<a href="/wiki/BOO%E5%85%A5%E9%96%80" title="BOO入門">BOO入門</a>》 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Subject:%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8" title="Subject:社會科學">社科</a></b> </td> <td>《<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2" title="基督教會歷史">基督教会历史</a>》《<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2" title="世界歷史">世界历史</a>》 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Subject:%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80" title="Subject:语言">语言</a></b> </td> <td>《<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD" title="汉语">現代標準漢語</a>》《<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E8%A8%80" title="文言">文言</a>》《<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E8%AA%9E" title="拉丁語">拉丁語</a>》《<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="法語">法語</a>》《<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="日語">日語</a>》 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Template:%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A6%E6%9E%B6" title="Template:工程学书架">工程学</a></b> </td> <td>《<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99" title="工程材料">工程材料</a>》《<a href="/wiki/%E5%B5%8C%E5%85%A5%E5%BC%8F%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="嵌入式系统">嵌入式系统</a>》 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Template:%E8%97%9D%E8%A1%93%E6%9B%B8%E6%9E%B6" title="Template:藝術書架">艺术</a></b> </td> <td>《<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%87%E6%9C%AC" title="劇本">剧本</a>》 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Template:%E6%9D%82%E9%A1%B9%E4%B9%A6%E6%9E%B6" title="Template:杂项书架">杂项</a></b> </td> <td>《<a href="/wiki/%E9%A3%9F%E8%B0%B1" title="食谱">食谱</a>》 </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> </div> </td> <td valign="top" width="35%"> <div style="box-shadow:gray 1px 1px 4px; margin-bottom:1em; margin-left:1em; padding:1em;"> <div align="center" style="color:gray; font-size:1.5em;">每日提示</div> <p><big><a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E6%95%99%E7%A7%91%E4%B9%A6" title="Wikibooks:中文维基教科书">中文维基教科书</a></big> </p><p>中文维基教科书与其他语言维基教科书计划拥有一些共同的核心方针和价值观，也拥有自己的地域文化特色。 </p> </div> <div style="box-shadow:gray 1px 1px 4px; margin-bottom:1em; margin-left:1em; padding:1em;"> <div align="center" style="color:gray; font-size:1.5em;">参与其中</div> <div align="center"> <p><a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:%E6%96%B0%E5%BB%BA%E8%AF%BB%E6%9C%AC" title="Wikibooks:新建读本">创建读本</a> <a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:%E6%94%B9%E8%BF%9B%E8%AF%BB%E6%9C%AC" title="Wikibooks:改进读本">完善改进</a> <a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE%E5%A4%9A%E5%AA%92%E4%BD%93%E8%B5%84%E6%BA%90" title="Wikibooks:贡献多媒体资源">贡献图片</a> <a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:%E7%BF%BB%E8%AF%91%E8%AF%BB%E6%9C%AC" title="Wikibooks:翻译读本">协助翻译</a> </p> </div> <div align="right" style="font-size:0.8em"><a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:%E5%A6%82%E4%BD%95%E5%8F%82%E4%B8%8E" title="Wikibooks:如何参与">更多参与方式</a></div> </div> <div style="box-shadow:gray 1px 1px 4px; margin-bottom:1em; margin-left:1em; padding:1em;"> <div align="center" style="color:gray; font-size:1.5em;">姊妹计划</div> <table align="center" cellpadding="2" width="100%"> <tbody><tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikimedia_Community_Logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Wikimedia_Community_Logo.svg/36px-Wikimedia_Community_Logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="36" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Wikimedia_Community_Logo.svg/54px-Wikimedia_Community_Logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Wikimedia_Community_Logo.svg/72px-Wikimedia_Community_Logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="900"/></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/%E9%A6%96%E9%A1%B5" class="extiw" title="m:首页">元维基</a><br/><span style="font-size:0.9em;">协调各维基计划</span> </td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikipedia-logo.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Wikipedia-logo.png/36px-Wikipedia-logo.png" decoding="async" width="36" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Wikipedia-logo.png/54px-Wikipedia-logo.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Wikipedia-logo.png/72px-Wikipedia-logo.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200"/></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:%E9%A6%96%E9%A1%B5" class="extiw" title="w:Wikipedia:首页">维基百科</a><br/><span style="font-size:0.9em;">自由的百科全书</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/36px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="36" height="48" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/54px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/72px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376"/></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/%E9%A6%96%E9%A1%B5" class="extiw" title="c:首页">维基共享资源</a><br/><span style="font-size:0.9em;">共享的多媒体资料库</span> </td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikispecies-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/36px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="36" height="42" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/54px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/72px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="941" data-file-height="1103"/></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/%E9%A6%96%E9%A1%B5" class="extiw" title="species:首页">维基物种</a><br/><span style="font-size:0.9em;">自由的物种资料库</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikiquote-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/36px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="36" height="43" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/54px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/72px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355"/></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><a href="https://zh.wikiquote.org/wiki/Wikiquote:%E9%A6%96%E9%A1%B5" class="extiw" title="q:Wikiquote:首页">维基语录</a><br/><span style="font-size:0.9em;">名人名言的集锦</span> </td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiktionary-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/36px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="36" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/54px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/72px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="370" data-file-height="350"/></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><a href="https://zh.wiktionary.org/wiki/Wiktionary:%E9%A6%96%E9%A1%B5" class="extiw" title="wikt:Wiktionary:首页">维基词典</a><br/><span style="font-size:0.9em;">多语言字典和词典</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/Wikisource:%E9%A6%96%E9%A1%B5" title="s:Wikisource:首页"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/36px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="36" height="38" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/54px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/72px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430"/></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><a href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/Wikisource:%E9%A6%96%E9%A1%B5" class="extiw" title="s:Wikisource:首页">维基文库</a><br/><span style="font-size:0.9em;">自由的图书馆</span> </td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikinews-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/36px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="36" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/54px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/72px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415"/></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><a href="https://zh.wikinews.org/wiki/Wikinews:%E9%A6%96%E9%A1%B5" class="extiw" title="n:Wikinews:首页">维基新闻</a><br/><span style="font-size:0.9em;">自由的新闻资源</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/36px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png" decoding="async" width="36" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/54px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/72px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="626" data-file-height="512"/></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><a href="https://zh.wikiversity.org/wiki/Wikiversity:%E9%A6%96%E9%A1%B5" class="extiw" title="v:Wikiversity:首页">维基学院</a><br/><span style="font-size:0.9em;">自由的研习社群</span> </td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikidata-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/36px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="36" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/54px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/72px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590"/></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:%E9%A6%96%E9%A1%B5" class="extiw" title="d:Wikidata:首页">维基数据</a><br/><span style="font-size:0.9em;">自由的知识库</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://zh.wikivoyage.org/wiki/%E9%A6%96%E9%A1%B5" title="voy:首页"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/36px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="36" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/54px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/72px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193"/></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><a href="https://zh.wikivoyage.org/wiki/%E9%A6%96%E9%A1%B5" class="extiw" title="voy:首页">维基导游</a><br/><span style="font-size:0.9em;">自由的世界旅游指南</span> </td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:MediaWiki-2020-icon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/MediaWiki-2020-icon.svg/36px-MediaWiki-2020-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="36" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/MediaWiki-2020-icon.svg/54px-MediaWiki-2020-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/MediaWiki-2020-icon.svg/72px-MediaWiki-2020-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100"/></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/MediaWiki/zh" class="extiw" title="mw:MediaWiki/zh">MediaWiki</a><br/><span style="font-size:0.9em;">Wiki软件开发</span> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div style="text-align: center; color:gray;"> <p>若您在维基教科书受益良多，請考慮<a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Donate" class="extiw" title="wikimedia:Donate">資助</a>基金會添購<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1%E5%99%A8" class="extiw" title="w:服务器">設備</a>。 </p><p>If you do not write Chinese but need to contact zh-wikibooks, you can leave your message <a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Guestbook" title="Wikibooks:Guestbook">here</a>. </p> </div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">检索自“<a dir="ltr" href="https://zh.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=Wikibooks:首页&oldid=172707">https://zh.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=Wikibooks:首页&oldid=172707</a>”</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB" title="Special:页面分类">分类</a>：<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E9%A6%96%E9%A1%B5" title="Category:首页">首页</a></li></ul></div></div> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。83种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-83" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">83种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-aa mw-list-item"><a href="https://aa.wikibooks.org/wiki/Main_Page" title="Main Page – 阿法尔语" lang="aa" hreflang="aa" data-title="Main Page" data-language-autonym="Qafár af" data-language-local-name="阿法尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qafár af</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikibooks.org/wiki/Tuisblad" title="Tuisblad – 南非荷兰语" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Tuisblad" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="南非荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikibooks.org/wiki/H%C4%93afods%C4%ABde" title="Hēafodsīde – 古英语" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Hēafodsīde" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="古英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikibooks.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="الصفحة الرئيسية – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الصفحة الرئيسية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikibooks.org/wiki/Portada" title="Portada – 阿斯图里亚斯语" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Portada" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="阿斯图里亚斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikibooks.org/wiki/Ana_s%C9%99hif%C9%99" title="Ana səhifə – 阿塞拜疆语" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Ana səhifə" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="阿塞拜疆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikibooks.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B4%D3%99%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA:%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%88_%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Викидәреслек:Баш бит – 巴什基尔语" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Викидәреслек:Баш бит" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="巴什基尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikibooks.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%9E%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Галоўная старонка – 白俄罗斯语" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Галоўная старонка" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄罗斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikibooks.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0" title="Начална страница – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Начална страница" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikibooks.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A7%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE" title="প্রধান পাতা – 孟加拉语" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="প্রধান পাতা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="孟加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikibooks.org/wiki/Po%C4%8Detna_strana" title="Početna strana – 波斯尼亚语" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Početna strana" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="波斯尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikibooks.org/wiki/Portada" title="Portada – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Portada" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikibooks.org/wiki/Wikiknihy:Hlavn%C3%AD_strana" title="Wikiknihy:Hlavní strana – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Wikiknihy:Hlavní strana" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikibooks.org/wiki/%D0%A2%C4%95%D0%BF_%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0" title="Тĕп страница – 楚瓦什语" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Тĕп страница" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="楚瓦什语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikibooks.org/wiki/Hafan" title="Hafan – 威尔士语" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Hafan" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="威尔士语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikibooks.org/wiki/Forside" title="Forside – 丹麦语" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Forside" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikibooks.org/wiki/Hauptseite" title="Hauptseite – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Hauptseite" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikibooks.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CF%8D%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%B1_%CE%A3%CE%B5%CE%BB%CE%AF%CE%B4%CE%B1" title="Κύρια Σελίδα – 希腊语" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κύρια Σελίδα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希腊语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Main_Page" title="Main Page – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Main Page" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikibooks.org/wiki/%C4%88efpa%C4%9Do" title="Ĉefpaĝo – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ĉefpaĝo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikibooks.org/wiki/Portada" title="Portada – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Portada" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikibooks.org/wiki/Esileht" title="Esileht – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Esileht" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikibooks.org/wiki/Azala" title="Azala – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Azala" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikibooks.org/wiki/%D8%B5%D9%81%D8%AD%D9%87%D9%94_%D8%A7%D8%B5%D9%84%DB%8C" title="صفحهٔ اصلی – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="صفحهٔ اصلی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikibooks.org/wiki/Wikikirjasto:Etusivu" title="Wikikirjasto:Etusivu – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Wikikirjasto:Etusivu" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikibooks.org/wiki/Accueil" title="Accueil – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Accueil" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikibooks.org/wiki/Haadside" title="Haadside – 西弗里西亚语" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Haadside" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="西弗里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikibooks.org/wiki/Portada" title="Portada – 加利西亚语" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Portada" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikibooks.org/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%93_%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%A9%D7%99" title="עמוד ראשי – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="עמוד ראשי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikibooks.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A0" title="मुखपृष्ठ – 印地语" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="मुखपृष्ठ" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="印地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikibooks.org/wiki/Glavna_stranica" title="Glavna stranica – 克罗地亚语" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Glavna stranica" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikibooks.org/wiki/Kezd%C5%91lap" title="Kezdőlap – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kezdőlap" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikibooks.org/wiki/%D4%B3%D5%AC%D5%AD%D5%A1%D5%BE%D5%B8%D6%80_%D5%A7%D5%BB" title="Գլխավոր էջ – 亚美尼亚语" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Գլխավոր էջ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亚美尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikibooks.org/wiki/Pagina_principal" title="Pagina principal – 国际语" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Pagina principal" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="国际语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikibooks.org/wiki/Halaman_Utama" title="Halaman Utama – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Halaman Utama" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikibooks.org/wiki/Principal_p%C3%A1gine" title="Principal págine – 国际文字（E）" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Principal págine" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="国际文字（E）" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikibooks.org/wiki/Fors%C3%AD%C3%B0a" title="Forsíða – 冰岛语" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Forsíða" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="冰岛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikibooks.org/wiki/Pagina_principale" title="Pagina principale – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Pagina principale" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikibooks.org/wiki/%E3%83%A1%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3%E3%83%9A%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B8" title="メインページ – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="メインページ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikibooks.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%97%E1%83%90%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%92%E1%83%95%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%93%E1%83%98" title="მთავარი გვერდი – 格鲁吉亚语" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მთავარი გვერდი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="格鲁吉亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikibooks.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Басты бет – 哈萨克语" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Басты бет" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="哈萨克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikibooks.org/wiki/%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%96%E1%9F%90%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%8A%E1%9E%BE%E1%9E%98" title="ទំព័រដើម – 高棉语" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ទំព័រដើម" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="高棉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikibooks.org/wiki/%EC%9C%84%ED%82%A4%EC%B1%85:%EB%8C%80%EB%AC%B8" title="위키책:대문 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="위키책:대문" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikibooks.org/wiki/Destp%C3%AAk" title="Destpêk – 库尔德语" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Destpêk" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikibooks.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BA%D1%8B_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Башкы барак – 柯尔克孜语" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Башкы барак" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="柯尔克孜语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikibooks.org/wiki/Pagina_prima" title="Pagina prima – 拉丁语" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Pagina prima" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="拉丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikibooks.org/wiki/Veurblaad" title="Veurblaad – 林堡语" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Veurblaad" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="林堡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikibooks.org/wiki/Pagrindinis_puslapis" title="Pagrindinis puslapis – 立陶宛语" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Pagrindinis puslapis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikibooks.org/wiki/S%C4%81kumlapa" title="Sākumlapa – 拉脱维亚语" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Sākumlapa" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="拉脱维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikibooks.org/wiki/Fandraisana" title="Fandraisana – 马拉加斯语" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Fandraisana" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="马拉加斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikibooks.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0" title="Главна страница – 马其顿语" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Главна страница" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="马其顿语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikibooks.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A7%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8_%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BE" title="പ്രധാന താൾ – 马拉雅拉姆语" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="പ്രധാന താൾ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="马拉雅拉姆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikibooks.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A0" title="मुखपृष्ठ – 马拉地语" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="मुखपृष्ठ" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="马拉地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikibooks.org/wiki/Laman_Utama" title="Laman Utama – 马来语" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Laman Utama" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="马来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikibooks.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%96%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A0" title="मुख्य पृष्ठ – 尼泊尔语" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="मुख्य पृष्ठ" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="尼泊尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikibooks.org/wiki/Hoofdpagina" title="Hoofdpagina – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Hoofdpagina" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikibooks.org/wiki/Hovedside" title="Hovedside – 挪威语" lang="no" hreflang="no" data-title="Hovedside" data-language-autonym="Norsk" data-language-local-name="挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikibooks.org/wiki/Acu%C3%A8lh" title="Acuèlh – 奥克语" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Acuèlh" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="奥克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikibooks.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%81%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%96_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE" title="ਮੁੱਖ ਸਫ਼ਾ – 旁遮普语" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਮੁੱਖ ਸਫ਼ਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="旁遮普语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikibooks.org/wiki/Wikibooks:Strona_g%C5%82%C3%B3wna" title="Wikibooks:Strona główna – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Wikibooks:Strona główna" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikibooks.org/wiki/Wikilivros:P%C3%A1gina_principal" title="Wikilivros:Página principal – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Wikilivros:Página principal" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikibooks.org/wiki/Pagina_principal%C4%83" title="Pagina principală – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Pagina principală" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikibooks.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0" title="Заглавная страница – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Заглавная страница" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikibooks.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%96%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D" title="मुख्यपृष्ठम् – 梵语" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="मुख्यपृष्ठम्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="梵语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikibooks.org/wiki/V%C3%A1ldosiidu" title="Váldosiidu – 北方萨米语" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Váldosiidu" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="北方萨米语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikibooks.org/wiki/%E1%81%BC%E1%82%83%E1%82%88%E1%82%81%E1%80%B0%E1%80%9D%E1%80%BA%E1%82%81%E1%82%85%E1%81%B5%E1%80%BA%E1%82%88" title="ၼႃႈႁူဝ်ႁႅၵ်ႈ – 掸语" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="ၼႃႈႁူဝ်ႁႅၵ်ႈ" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="掸语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikibooks.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8A_%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A7%E0%B7%94%E0%B7%80" title="මුල් පිටුව – 僧伽罗语" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="මුල් පිටුව" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="僧伽罗语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikibooks.org/wiki/Wikiknihy:Hlavn%C3%A1_str%C3%A1nka" title="Wikiknihy:Hlavná stránka – 斯洛伐克语" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Wikiknihy:Hlavná stránka" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikibooks.org/wiki/Glavna_stran" title="Glavna stran – 斯洛文尼亚语" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Glavna stran" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="斯洛文尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikibooks.org/wiki/Faqja_Kryesore" title="Faqja Kryesore – 阿尔巴尼亚语" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Faqja Kryesore" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="阿尔巴尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikibooks.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Главна страна – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Главна страна" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikibooks.org/wiki/Tepas" title="Tepas – 巽他语" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Tepas" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="巽他语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikibooks.org/wiki/Wikibooks:Huvudsida" title="Wikibooks:Huvudsida – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Wikibooks:Huvudsida" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikibooks.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="முதற் பக்கம் – 泰米尔语" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="முதற் பக்கம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="泰米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikibooks.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%8A%E0%B0%A6%E0%B0%9F%E0%B0%BF_%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%9C%E0%B1%80" title="మొదటి పేజీ – 泰卢固语" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="మొదటి పేజీ" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="泰卢固语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikibooks.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D2%B3%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B8_%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BB%D3%A3" title="Саҳифаи аслӣ – 塔吉克语" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Саҳифаи аслӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="塔吉克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikibooks.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81" title="หน้าหลัก – 泰语" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="หน้าหลัก" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikibooks.org/wiki/Unang_Pahina" title="Unang Pahina – 他加禄语" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Unang Pahina" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="他加禄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikibooks.org/wiki/Anasayfa" title="Anasayfa – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Anasayfa" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikibooks.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%88_%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Баш бит – 鞑靼语" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Баш бит" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="鞑靼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikibooks.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Головна сторінка – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Головна сторінка" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikibooks.org/wiki/%D8%B5%D9%81%D8%AD%DB%82_%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%84" title="صفحۂ اول – 乌尔都语" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="صفحۂ اول" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="乌尔都语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikibooks.org/wiki/Trang_Ch%C3%ADnh" title="Trang Chính – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Trang Chính" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q5296#sitelinks-wikibooks" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> 此页面最后编辑于2023年6月14日 (星期三) 02:25。</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">本站的全部文字在<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.zh">創用CC 姓名標示-相同方式分享 4.0 協議</a>之條款下提供，附加條款亦可能應用（請參閱<a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use">使用條款</a>）。<br /> Wikibooks®和維基教科書標誌是<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org">維基媒體基金會</a>的註冊商標；維基™是維基媒體基金會的商標。<br /> 維基媒體基金會是在美國佛羅里達州登記的501(c)(3)<a class="external text" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Tax_deductibility">免稅</a>、非營利的慈善機構。<br /></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">隐私政策</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:%E5%85%B3%E4%BA%8E">关于维基教科书</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:%E5%85%8D%E8%B4%A3%E5%A3%B0%E6%98%8E">免责声明</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">行为准则</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">开发者</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/zh.wikibooks.org">统计</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie声明</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//zh.m.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=Wikibooks:%E9%A6%96%E9%A1%B5&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">手机版视图</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-8745688f8-jwrdc","wgBackendResponseTime":246,"wgDiscussionToolsPageThreads":[],"wgPageParseReport":{"discussiontools":{"limitreport-timeusage":"0.033"},"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.094","walltime":"0.122","ppvisitednodes":{"value":104,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":5416,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":0,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":4,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":0,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":368,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 16.321 1 -total"," 24.98% 4.077 1 Template:MAIN_PAGE_TIPS"," 13.25% 2.162 1 Template:MAIN_PAGE_GOOD_BOOK"," 12.82% 2.092 1 Template:MAIN_PAGE_SISTER_PROJECTS"," 11.46% 1.871 1 Template:TIPS/4"," 11.37% 1.856 1 Template:MAIN_PAGE_WIKIJUNIOR_BOOK"," 11.37% 1.855 1 Template:MAIN_PAGE_CHOICENESS"," 11.13% 1.816 1 Template:MAIN_PAGE_JOIN_US"]},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.eqiad.main-67456955cd-6r22d","timestamp":"20241121130457","ttl":3600,"transientcontent":true}}});});</script> </body> </html>