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id="toc-Oric-1" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Oric-1"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Oric-1</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Oric-1-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Technical_details" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Technical_details"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.1</span> <span>Technical details</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Technical_details-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Oric_Atmos" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Oric_Atmos"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Oric Atmos</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Oric_Atmos-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Oric_Stratos_and_Oric_Telestrat" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Oric_Stratos_and_Oric_Telestrat"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Oric Stratos and Oric Telestrat</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Oric_Stratos_and_Oric_Telestrat-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Technical_specification" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Technical_specification"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Technical specification</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Technical_specification-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Technical specification subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Technical_specification-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Keyboard" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Keyboard"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Keyboard</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Keyboard-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Display" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Display"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Display</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Display-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Character_mode" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Character_mode"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.1</span> <span>Character mode</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Character_mode-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Screen_graphics_mode" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Screen_graphics_mode"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.2</span> <span>Screen graphics mode</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Screen_graphics_mode-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sound" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sound"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Sound</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sound-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cassette_interface" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cassette_interface"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Cassette interface</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cassette_interface-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Expansion_port" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Expansion_port"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Expansion port</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Expansion_port-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Printer_port" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Printer_port"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Printer port</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Printer_port-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Peripherals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Peripherals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Peripherals</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Peripherals-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Peripherals subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Peripherals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Colour_plotter" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Colour_plotter"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Colour plotter</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Colour_plotter-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Prestel_adaptor" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prestel_adaptor"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Prestel adaptor</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prestel_adaptor-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Clones" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Clones"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Clones</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Clones-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div 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id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Oric_1&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Oric 1">Oric 1</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">UK-manufactured 8-bit computer</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output 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Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Oric%22+computer">"Oric" computer</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Oric%22+computer+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Oric%22+computer&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Oric%22+computer+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Oric%22+computer">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Oric%22+computer&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">May 2023</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_footnotes_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-More_footnotes_needed" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/40px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/60px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png 1.5x, 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href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> </div> </div><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox hproduct vevent"><caption class="infobox-title fn summary">Oric-1</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Oric1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Oric1.jpg/200px-Oric1.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Oric1.jpg/300px-Oric1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Oric1.jpg/400px-Oric1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="724" data-file-height="436" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Developer</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Tangerine_Computer_Systems" title="Tangerine Computer Systems">Tangerine Computer Systems</a><sup id="cite_ref-free.fr_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-free.fr-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Manufacturer</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Tangerine_Computer_Systems" title="Tangerine Computer Systems">Tangerine Computer Systems</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Home_computer" title="Home computer">Home computer</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Generation</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/8-bit" class="mw-redirect" title="8-bit">8-bit</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Release date</th><td class="infobox-data">United Kingdom: 1 September 1982<span class="noprint">; 42 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1982-09-01</span>)</span><sup id="cite_ref-free.fr_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-free.fr-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Discontinued</th><td class="infobox-data">1984</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Units sold</th><td class="infobox-data">210,000 in 1983</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Media</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Compact_Cassette" class="mw-redirect" title="Compact Cassette">Cassette tape</a>, <a href="/wiki/Floppy_disk" title="Floppy disk">Floppy disk</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Operating_system" title="Operating system">Operating system</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Oric Extended Basic v1.0</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Central_processing_unit" title="Central processing unit">CPU</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/MOS_Technology_6502" title="MOS Technology 6502">6502A</a> @ 1 MHz</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Memory</th><td class="infobox-data">16 <a href="/wiki/Kilobyte" title="Kilobyte">KB</a> / 48 KB<sup id="cite_ref-old-computers.com_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-old-computers.com-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Display</th><td class="infobox-data">40×28 text characters; 240×200 pixels, 8 colours</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Graphics</th><td class="infobox-data">Custom <a href="/wiki/ASIC" class="mw-redirect" title="ASIC">ASIC</a> (HSC 10017 <a href="/wiki/Gate_array" title="Gate array">ULA</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Sound</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/AY-3-8912" class="mw-redirect" title="AY-3-8912">AY-3-8912</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Predecessor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Tangerine_Microtan_65" title="Tangerine Microtan 65">Tangerine Microtan 65</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Successor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Oric_Atmos" class="mw-redirect" title="Oric Atmos">Oric Atmos</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox hproduct vevent"><caption class="infobox-title fn summary">Oric Atmos</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Oric_Atmos_01a.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Oric_Atmos_01a.jpg/200px-Oric_Atmos_01a.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Oric_Atmos_01a.jpg/300px-Oric_Atmos_01a.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Oric_Atmos_01a.jpg/400px-Oric_Atmos_01a.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2126" data-file-height="1333" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Developer</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Tangerine_Computer_Systems" title="Tangerine Computer Systems">Tangerine Computer Systems</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Manufacturer</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Tangerine_Computer_Systems" title="Tangerine Computer Systems">Tangerine Computer Systems</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Home_computer" title="Home computer">Home computer</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Generation</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/8-bit" class="mw-redirect" title="8-bit">8-bit</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Release date</th><td class="infobox-data">United Kingdom: 1 February 1984<span class="noprint">; 40 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1984-02-01</span>)</span><sup id="cite_ref-old-computers.com1_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-old-computers.com1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Discontinued</th><td class="infobox-data">1985<sup id="cite_ref-64KB_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64KB-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Media</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Compact_Cassette" class="mw-redirect" title="Compact Cassette">Cassette tape</a>, <a href="/wiki/Floppy_disk" title="Floppy disk">Floppy disk</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Operating_system" title="Operating system">Operating system</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Oric Extended Basic V1.1</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Central_processing_unit" title="Central processing unit">CPU</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/MOS_Technology_6502" title="MOS Technology 6502">6502A</a> @ 1 MHz</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Memory</th><td class="infobox-data">16 <a href="/wiki/Kilobyte" title="Kilobyte">KB</a> / 48 KB<sup id="cite_ref-old-computers.com_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-old-computers.com-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (16 KB more available with hardware hack<sup id="cite_ref-64KB_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64KB-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Predecessor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Oric-1" class="mw-redirect" title="Oric-1">Oric-1</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Successor</th><td class="infobox-data">Oric Stratos</td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox hproduct vevent"><caption class="infobox-title fn summary">Oric Telestrat</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Oric_Telestrat_White_BG.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Oric_Telestrat_White_BG.jpg/200px-Oric_Telestrat_White_BG.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="123" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Oric_Telestrat_White_BG.jpg/300px-Oric_Telestrat_White_BG.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Oric_Telestrat_White_BG.jpg/400px-Oric_Telestrat_White_BG.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1648" data-file-height="1012" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Developer</th><td class="infobox-data">Eureka Informatique</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Manufacturer</th><td class="infobox-data">Eureka Informatique</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Home_computer" title="Home computer">Home computer</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Generation</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/8-bit" class="mw-redirect" title="8-bit">8-bit</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Release date</th><td class="infobox-data">1986</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Discontinued</th><td class="infobox-data">1988</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Units sold</th><td class="infobox-data">6,000</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Media</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Compact_Cassette" class="mw-redirect" title="Compact Cassette">Cassette tape</a>, <a href="/wiki/Floppy_disk" title="Floppy disk">Floppy disk</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Operating_system" title="Operating system">Operating system</a></th><td class="infobox-data">HyperBasic</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Central_processing_unit" title="Central processing unit">CPU</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/MOS_Technology_6502" title="MOS Technology 6502">6502A</a> @ 1 MHz</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Memory</th><td class="infobox-data">64 <a href="/wiki/Kilobyte" title="Kilobyte">KB</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Predecessor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Oric_Atmos" class="mw-redirect" title="Oric Atmos">Oric Atmos</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Oric</b> was a brand of <a href="/wiki/Home_computer" title="Home computer">home computers</a> sold in the 1980s by <a href="/wiki/Tangerine_Computer_Systems" title="Tangerine Computer Systems">Tangerine Computer Systems</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tangerine was based in the United Kingdom and sold their computers primarily in <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a>. All computers in the Oric line were based on the <a href="/wiki/MOS_Technology_6502" title="MOS Technology 6502">MOS Technology 6502A</a> microprocessor. </p><p>With the success of the <a href="/wiki/ZX_Spectrum" title="ZX Spectrum">ZX Spectrum</a> from <a href="/wiki/Sinclair_Research" title="Sinclair Research">Sinclair Research</a>, Tangerine's backers suggested a <a href="/wiki/Home_computer" title="Home computer">home computer</a> and Tangerine formed Oric Products International Ltd to develop the <b>Oric-1</b>. The computer was introduced in 1982.<sup id="cite_ref-register30_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-register30-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During 1983, approximately 160,000 Oric-1 computers were sold in the UK, plus another 50,000 in <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> (where it was the year's top-selling machine). This resulted in Oric being acquired and given funding for a successor model, the 1984 <b>Oric Atmos</b>. </p><p>Oric was bought by Eureka, which produced the less successful <b>Oric Telestrat</b> (1986). Oric was dissolved the year the Telestrat was released. <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Europe" title="Eastern Europe">Eastern European</a> legal clones of Oric machines were produced into the 1990s. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Models">Models</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oric_(computer)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Models"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Oric-1">Oric-1</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oric_(computer)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Oric-1"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Based on a 1 MHz <a href="/wiki/MOS_Technology_6502" title="MOS Technology 6502">MOS Technology 6502</a> <a href="/wiki/Central_processing_unit" title="Central processing unit">CPU</a>, the Oric-1 came in 16 <a href="/wiki/Kilobyte" title="Kilobyte">KB</a> or 48 KB <a href="/wiki/Random-access_memory" title="Random-access memory">RAM</a> variants for <a href="/wiki/%C2%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="£">£</a>129 and £169 respectively, matching the models available for the popular ZX Spectrum and undercutting the price of the 48 KB version of the Spectrum by a few pounds. The circuit design requires 8 memory chips, one chip per data line of the CPU. Due to the sizing of readily available memory chips the 48 KB model has 8 * 8 KB (64 KBit) chips, making a total of 64 KB. As released only 48 KB is available to the user, with the top 16 KB of memory overlaid by the <a href="/wiki/BASIC" title="BASIC">BASIC</a> <a href="/wiki/Read-only_memory" title="Read-only memory">ROM</a>; The optional disc drive unit contains some additional hardware that allows it to enable or disable the ROM, effectively adding 16 KB of RAM to the machine. This additional memory is used by the system to store the Oric <a href="/wiki/Disk_operating_system" title="Disk operating system">DOS</a> software.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2013)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Both Oric-1 versions have a 16 KB ROM containing the <a href="/wiki/Operating_system" title="Operating system">operating system</a> and a modified BASIC <a href="/wiki/Interpreter_(computing)" title="Interpreter (computing)">interpreter</a>. </p><p>The Oric-1 has a <a href="/wiki/Sound_chip" title="Sound chip">sound chip</a>, the programmable <a href="/wiki/General_Instrument_AY-3-8910" title="General Instrument AY-3-8910">General Instrument AY-3-8910</a>. </p><p>Two graphics modes are handled by a semi-custom <a href="/wiki/ASIC" class="mw-redirect" title="ASIC">ASIC</a> (HSC 10017 <a href="/wiki/Uncommitted_Logic_Array" class="mw-redirect" title="Uncommitted Logic Array">ULA</a>) which also manages the interface between the processor and memory. The two modes are a "LORES" (low resolution) text mode (though the character set can be redefined to produce graphics) with 28 rows of 40 characters and a "HIRES" (high resolution) mode with 200 rows of 240 <a href="/wiki/Pixel" title="Pixel">pixels</a> above three lines of text. Like the Spectrum, the Oric-1 suffers from <a href="/wiki/Attribute_clash" title="Attribute clash">attribute clash</a>–albeit to a much lesser degree in HIRES mode, since 2 different colours can be defined for each 6x1 block of 6 pixels, </p><p>The system has a built-in <a href="/wiki/Television" title="Television">television</a> <a href="/wiki/RF_modulator" title="RF modulator">RF modulator</a> as well as <a href="/wiki/RGB" class="mw-redirect" title="RGB">RGB</a> output. A standard <a href="/wiki/Compact_audio_cassette" class="mw-redirect" title="Compact audio cassette">audio tape</a> recorder can be used for external storage. There is a <a href="/wiki/Parallel_port#Centronics" title="Parallel port">Centronics</a> compatible printer interface. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Technical_details">Technical details</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oric_(computer)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Technical details"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_processing_unit" title="Central processing unit">CPU</a>: MOS 6502 @ 1 <a href="/wiki/MHz" class="mw-redirect" title="MHz">MHz</a></li> <li>Operating system: Tangerine/<a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Extended_Basic" class="mw-redirect" title="Microsoft Extended Basic">Microsoft Extended Basic</a> v1.0</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Read-only_memory" title="Read-only memory">ROM</a>: 16 <a href="/wiki/Kilobyte" title="Kilobyte">KB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Random-access_memory" title="Random-access memory">RAM</a>: 16 KB / 48 KB</li> <li>Sound: <a href="/wiki/AY-3-8912" class="mw-redirect" title="AY-3-8912">AY-3-8912</a></li> <li>Graphics: 40×28 text characters/ 240×200 pixels, 8 colours</li> <li>Storage: <a href="/wiki/Cassette_deck" title="Cassette deck">tape recorder</a>, 300 and 2400 <a href="/wiki/Baud" title="Baud">baud</a></li> <li>Input: integrated keyboard</li> <li>Connectivity: Tape recorder <a href="/wiki/Input/output" title="Input/output">I/O</a>, <a href="/wiki/IEEE_1284" title="IEEE 1284">Centronics compatible printer port</a>, <a href="/wiki/RGB_color_model#Personal_computers" title="RGB color model">RGB video</a> out, RF out, expansion port</li> <li>Voltage: 9 <a href="/wiki/Volt" title="Volt">V</a></li> <li>Power consumption: Max 600 <a href="/wiki/Milliamp" class="mw-redirect" title="Milliamp">milliamps</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Oric_Atmos">Oric Atmos</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oric_(computer)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Oric Atmos"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In late 1983 the funding cost for continued development of Oric caused external funding to be sought, and eventually led to a sale to Edenspring Investments PLC.<sup id="cite_ref-register30_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-register30-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Edenspring money enabled Oric International to release the <b>Oric Atmos</b>, which added an improved keyboard and an updated V1.1 ROM to the Oric-1. The faulty tape <a href="/wiki/Error_checking" class="mw-redirect" title="Error checking">error checking</a> routine was still there (See "Cassette Interface" under <a href="#Technical_specification">Technical specification</a>, below). </p><p>Soon after the Atmos was released, the <a href="/wiki/Modem" title="Modem">modem</a>, <a href="/wiki/Printer_(computing)" title="Printer (computing)">printer</a> and <a href="/wiki/Floppy_disk_variants#3-inch_"Compact_Floppy_Disk"_/_"CF-2"_format" title="Floppy disk variants">3-inch floppy disk</a> drive originally promised for the Oric-1 were announced and released by the end of 1984. A short time after the release of the Atmos machine, a modification for the Oric-1 was issued and advertised in magazines and bulletin boards. This modification enabled the Oric-1 user to add a second ROM (containing the Oric Atmos system) to a spare ROM-socket on the Oric-1 circuit board. Then, using a switch, the users could then switch between the new Oric Atmos ROM and the original Oric-1 ROM. This was desirable since the updated ROM of the Atmos contained breaking changes for some games which relied on certain behaviours or memory addresses within the ROM. This led to tape based software often containing a 1.1 ROM/Atmos version of the software on one side of the cassette, with a 1.0 ROM/Oric-1 version on the other. Earlier titles from publishers that no longer existed or had stopped producing software for the Oric were unlikely to be updated. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Oric_Stratos_and_Oric_Telestrat">Oric Stratos and Oric Telestrat</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oric_(computer)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Oric Stratos and Oric Telestrat"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Although the Oric Atmos had not turned around Oric International's fortunes, in February 1985, they announced several models including the Oric Stratos/IQ164. Despite their backers putting them into receivership the following day, Oric was bought by French company Eureka, which continued to produce the Stratos, followed by the Oric Telestrat in late 1986. </p><p>The Stratos and Telestrat increased the RAM to 64 KB and added more ports, but kept the same processor and graphics and sound hardware as the Oric-1 and Atmos. </p><p>The Telestrat is a telecommunications-oriented machine. It comes with a disk drive as standard, and only connects to an RGB monitor / TV. The machine is backward compatible with the Oric-1 and Oric Atmos by using a cartridge. Most of the software is in French, including Hyper-BASIC's <a href="/wiki/Error_message" title="Error message">error messages</a>. Up to 6000 units were sold in France.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In December 1987, after announcing the Telestrat 2, Oric International went into receivership for the second and final time. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Technical_specification">Technical specification</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oric_(computer)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Technical specification"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Oric_(computer)" title="Special:EditPage/Oric (computer)">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">May 2023</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Oric_Controller_and_DOS_diagram.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Oric_Controller_and_DOS_diagram.svg/220px-Oric_Controller_and_DOS_diagram.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Oric_Controller_and_DOS_diagram.svg/330px-Oric_Controller_and_DOS_diagram.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Oric_Controller_and_DOS_diagram.svg/440px-Oric_Controller_and_DOS_diagram.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="979" data-file-height="265" /></a><figcaption>Controller and DOS architecture for Oric computers</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Keyboard">Keyboard</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oric_(computer)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Keyboard"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The keyboard has 57 moving keys with tactile feedback. It is capable of full upper and lower case with a correctly positioned <a href="/wiki/Space_bar" title="Space bar">space bar</a>. It has a full <a href="/wiki/Typewriter" title="Typewriter">typewriter</a> <a href="/wiki/Pitch_(typewriter)" title="Pitch (typewriter)">pitch</a>. The key layout is a standard <a href="/wiki/QWERTY" title="QWERTY">QWERTY</a> with <a href="/wiki/Esc_key" title="Esc key">ESC</a>, <a href="/wiki/Control_key" title="Control key">CTRL</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carriage_return" title="Carriage return">RETURN</a> and additional cursor control keys. All keys have auto repeat. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Display">Display</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oric_(computer)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Display"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The display adapter will drive a <a href="/wiki/PAL" title="PAL">PAL</a> <a href="/wiki/UHF" class="mw-redirect" title="UHF">UHF</a> colour or black and white television receiver on approximately Channel 36. <a href="/wiki/RGB_color_model" title="RGB color model">RGB</a> output is also provided on a 5 pin <a href="/wiki/DIN_connector" title="DIN connector">DIN 41524</a> socket. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Character_mode">Character mode</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oric_(computer)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Character mode"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In character mode the Oric displays 28 lines of 40 characters, producing a display very similar to <a href="/wiki/Teletext" title="Teletext">Teletext</a>. The character set is standard <a href="/wiki/ASCII" title="ASCII">ASCII</a> which is enhanced by the addition of 80 user-definable characters. ASCII characters may also be re-defined as these are down loaded into RAM on power-up. Serial attributes are used to control display features, as in Teletext, and take up one character position. All remaining characters on that line are affected by the serial attribute until either the line ends or another serial attribute. </p><p>Display features are: </p> <ul><li>Select background colour (paper) from one of eight.</li> <li>Select foreground colour (ink) from one of eight.</li> <li>Flash characters on and off approximately twice a second.</li> <li>Produce double height characters (even line top, odd line bottom).</li> <li>Switch over to user-definable character set. This feature is used to produce Teletext-style colour graphics without the need for additional RAM.</li></ul> <p>Available colours are black, blue, red, magenta, green, cyan, yellow, and white. </p><p>Each character position also has a parallel attribute, which may be operated on a character by character basis, to produce <a href="/wiki/Reverse_video" title="Reverse video">video inversion</a>. The display has a fixed black border. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Screen_graphics_mode">Screen graphics mode</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oric_(computer)&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Screen graphics mode"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The graphics mode consists of 200 pixels vertically by 240 pixels horizontally plus 3 lines of 40 characters (the same as character mode) at the bottom of the screen to display system information and to act as a window on the user program while still viewing the graphics display. It can also be used to input direct commands for graphics and see the effect instantly without having to switch modes. The graphics display operates with serial attributes in the same way as characters, except that the display is now considered as 200 lines by 40 graphics cells. Each graphic cell is therefore very flexible by having 8 foreground and 8 background colours and flashing patterns. The video invert parallel attribute is also usable in this mode. ASCII characters may be painted over the graphics area, thus enabling the free mixing of graphics and text. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sound">Sound</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oric_(computer)&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Sound"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Oric has an internal loudspeaker and amplifier and can also be connected to external amplifiers via the 7 Pin DIN 45329 shared with the cassette interface. A <a href="/wiki/General_Instruments_AY-3-8912" class="mw-redirect" title="General Instruments AY-3-8912">General Instruments AY-3-8912</a> provides 3 channel sound. </p><p>For <a href="/wiki/BASIC" title="BASIC">BASIC</a> programs, four keywords generate pre-made sounds: <code>PING</code>, <code>SHOOT</code>, <code>EXPLODE</code>, and <code>ZAP</code>. The commands <code>SOUND</code>, <code>MUSIC</code>, and <code>PLAY</code> produce a broader range of sounds. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cassette_interface">Cassette interface</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oric_(computer)&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Cassette interface"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The cassette recorder connects via a 7 Pin<a href="/wiki/DIN_connector" title="DIN connector">DIN 45329</a> socket shared with the external sound output. The interface includes support for tape motor control. Recording speeds offered as standard are 300 baud or 2400 baud. A tone leader allows tape recorders' automatic level control to stabilise before the filename, followed by the actual data with <a href="/wiki/Parity_bit" title="Parity bit">parity</a>; finally, <a href="/wiki/Checksum" title="Checksum">checksums</a> are recorded to allow overall verification of the recording. </p><p>The circuit was designed using a <a href="/wiki/Schmitt_trigger" title="Schmitt trigger">Schmitt trigger</a> to remove noise and make input more reliable. The system allows for verification of stored information against the tape copy, to ensure integrity before the information is flushed from memory. There was however a <a href="/wiki/Bug_(engineering)" title="Bug (engineering)">bug</a> within the <a href="/wiki/Error_detection_and_correction" title="Error detection and correction">error-checking</a> of recorded programs, often causing user-created programs to fail when loaded back in, this bug persist in the updated ROMs for the Oric Atmos. </p><p>Available basic commands are CLOAD, CSAVE (for programs and <a href="/wiki/Core_dump" title="Core dump">memory dumps</a>), STORE, RECALL (for arrays of string, integer or real, added with Oric Atmos roms). Filenames up to 16 characters can be specified. Options on the commands exist for slow speed, verification, autorunning of programs or specification of start and ending addresses for dumping memory. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Expansion_port">Expansion port</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oric_(computer)&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Expansion port"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The expansion port allows full access to the CPU's data address and control lines. This allows connection of add-ons specifically designed for the Oric, including user designed hardware. The range of lines exposed allows external ROM and RAM expansion, thus allowing for <a href="/wiki/ROM_cartridge" title="ROM cartridge">ROM cartridges</a> or for expansion devices to internally include the required operating software on ROM. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Printer_port">Printer port</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oric_(computer)&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Printer port"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The printer port is compatible with the then standard <a href="/wiki/Parallel_port#Centronics" title="Parallel port">Centronics parallel interface</a> allows for connection of many different types of printers from low quality (e.g. low-resolution <a href="/wiki/Thermal_printer" class="mw-redirect" title="Thermal printer">thermal printers</a>) to high quality printers, such as fixed font <a href="/wiki/Daisy_wheel_printer" class="mw-redirect" title="Daisy wheel printer">daisy wheel printers</a> or <a href="/wiki/Laser_printer" class="mw-redirect" title="Laser printer">laser printers</a>, though the latter were uncommon and expensive during the period of commercial availability of the Oric range. Most contemporary computer printers could produce text output without requiring specific <a href="/wiki/Device_driver" title="Device driver">drivers</a>, and often followed de facto standards for simple graphics. More advanced use of the printer would have required a specific driver which, given the proliferation of different home computers and standards of the time, may or may not have been available. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Peripherals">Peripherals</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oric_(computer)&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Peripherals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Colour_plotter">Colour plotter</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oric_(computer)&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Colour plotter"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tangerine's MCP-40 is a <a href="/wiki/Plotter" title="Plotter">plotter</a> with mechanics by <a href="/wiki/Alps_Electric" title="Alps Electric">Alps Electric</a>. The same mechanism was also used as the basis for similar low-cost plotters produced by various home computer manufacturers around that time. These included the <a href="/wiki/Atari_1020" title="Atari 1020">Atari 1020</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Commodore_1520" class="mw-redirect" title="Commodore 1520">Commodore 1520</a>, the <a href="/wiki/RadioShack" title="RadioShack">Tandy/Radio Shack</a> CGP-115,<sup id="cite_ref-faqs_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-faqs-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/Texas_Instruments" title="Texas Instruments">Texas Instruments</a> HX-1000, the <a href="/wiki/Mattel_Aquarius" title="Mattel Aquarius">Mattel Aquarius</a> 4615,<sup id="cite_ref-hexbus_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hexbus-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and probably also the <a href="/wiki/Sharp_Corporation" title="Sharp Corporation">Sharp</a> MZ-1P16 (for MZ-800 series). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Prestel_adaptor">Prestel adaptor</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oric_(computer)&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Prestel adaptor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Prestel" title="Prestel">Prestel</a> adaptor produced by Eureka (Informatika) was the first adaptor produced for the Oric-1 and Oric Atmos computers. However this adaptor was only furnished with very limited software.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Clones">Clones</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oric_(computer)&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Clones"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Atmos was licensed in <a href="/wiki/Yugoslavia" title="Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia</a> and sold as <i>Nova 64</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-old-computers.com1_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-old-computers.com1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The clones were Atmos-based, the only difference being the logo indicating <i>ORIC NOVA 64</i> instead of <i>Oric Atmos 48K</i>. This is to indicate the installed 64 KB of RAM – which was also true of the Atmos –, 16 KB of which is masked in both by the ROM at startup, leaving 48 KB to work with the <a href="/wiki/BASIC" title="BASIC">BASIC</a> language. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pravetz_8d_with_manual.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Pravetz_8d_with_manual.png/220px-Pravetz_8d_with_manual.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Pravetz_8d_with_manual.png/330px-Pravetz_8d_with_manual.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Pravetz_8d_with_manual.png/440px-Pravetz_8d_with_manual.png 2x" data-file-width="1488" data-file-height="905" /></a><figcaption>Pravetz 8D</figcaption></figure> <p>In Bulgaria, the Atmos clone was named <i><a href="/wiki/Pravetz_series_8" class="mw-redirect" title="Pravetz series 8">Pravetz 8D</a></i> and produced between 1985 and 1991.<sup id="cite_ref-old-computers.com1_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-old-computers.com1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Pravetz is entirely hardware and software compatible with the Oric Atmos. The biggest change on the hardware side is the larger white case that hosts a comfortable mechanical keyboard and an integrated power supply. The BASIC ROM has been patched to host both a <a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-1" title="ISO/IEC 8859-1">Western European</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cyrillic" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyrillic">Cyrillic</a> alphabet –  the upper case character set produces Western European characters, while lower case gives Cyrillic letters. In order to ease the use of the two alphabets, the Pravetz 8D is fitted with a <a href="/wiki/Caps_Lock" title="Caps Lock">Caps Lock</a> key. A <a href="/wiki/Disk_II" title="Disk II">Disk II</a> compatible interface and a custom DOS, called DOS-8D, were created in 1987–88 by Borislav Zahariev. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oric_(computer)&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Oric_games" title="Category:Oric games">Category:Oric games</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oric_(computer)&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-free.fr-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-free.fr_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-free.fr_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFHaworth1992" class="citation web cs1">Haworth, Jonathan (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://oric.free.fr/STORY/chapter1.html">"Oric, the Story so far"</a>. <i>oric.free.fr</i>. Chapter 1: Conception and Birth<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-06-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=oric.free.fr&rft.atitle=Oric%2C+the+Story+so+far&rft.pages=Chapter+1%3A+Conception+and+Birth&rft.date=1992&rft.aulast=Haworth&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Foric.free.fr%2FSTORY%2Fchapter1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOric+%28computer%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-old-computers.com-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-old-computers.com_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-old-computers.com_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.old-computers.com/museum/computer.asp?c=180">"OLD-COMPUTERS.COM : The Museum"</a>. <i>www.old-computers.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 June</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.old-computers.com&rft.atitle=OLD-COMPUTERS.COM+%3A+The+Museum&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.old-computers.com%2Fmuseum%2Fcomputer.asp%3Fc%3D180&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOric+%28computer%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-old-computers.com1-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-old-computers.com1_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-old-computers.com1_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-old-computers.com1_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.old-computers.com/museum/computer.asp?c=79">"OLD-COMPUTERS.COM : The Museum"</a>. <i>www.old-computers.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 June</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.old-computers.com&rft.atitle=OLD-COMPUTERS.COM+%3A+The+Museum&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.old-computers.com%2Fmuseum%2Fcomputer.asp%3Fc%3D79&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOric+%28computer%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64KB-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-64KB_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-64KB_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rigpix.com/vcomp/oric_atmos48.htm">"Oric Atmos 48K"</a>. <i>www.rigpix.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 June</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.rigpix.com&rft.atitle=Oric+Atmos+48K&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rigpix.com%2Fvcomp%2Foric_atmos48.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOric+%28computer%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ricomputermuseum.org/collections-gallery/foreign-market-personal-computers/tangerine-computer-systems-oric-1">"Tangerine Computer Systems, Oric-1"</a>. <i>www.ricomputermuseum.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-10-09</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.ricomputermuseum.org&rft.atitle=Tangerine+Computer+Systems%2C+Oric-1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ricomputermuseum.org%2Fcollections-gallery%2Fforeign-market-personal-computers%2Ftangerine-computer-systems-oric-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOric+%28computer%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-register30-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-register30_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-register30_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theregister.co.uk/2013/01/28/the_oric_1_is_30_years_old/?page=4">"The Oric-1 is 30: The colourful story of a would-be Spectrum killer"</a>. <i>theregister.co.uk</i>. 28 January 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 May</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=theregister.co.uk&rft.atitle=The+Oric-1+is+30%3A+The+colourful+story+of+a+would-be+Spectrum+killer&rft.date=2013-01-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theregister.co.uk%2F2013%2F01%2F28%2Fthe_oric_1_is_30_years_old%2F%3Fpage%3D4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOric+%28computer%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlexios_Chouchoulas" class="citation web cs1">Alexios Chouchoulas. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://machine-room.bedroomlan.org/computers/977/general.html">"The Machine Room :: Oric :: Telestrat :: General"</a>. <i>machine-room.bedroomlan.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 June</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=machine-room.bedroomlan.org&rft.atitle=The+Machine+Room+%3A%3A+Oric+%3A%3A+Telestrat+%3A%3A+General&rft.au=Alexios+Chouchoulas&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmachine-room.bedroomlan.org%2Fcomputers%2F977%2Fgeneral.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOric+%28computer%29" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged January 2018">dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-faqs-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-faqs_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.faqs.org/faqs/atari-8-bit/faq/section-32.html">"What are the Atari 1020, 1025, 1027, and 1029 Printers?"</a>. <i>faqs.org (Atari 8-Bit Computers: Frequently Asked Questions section)</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-03-22</span></span>. <q>= Commodore 1520 / Oric MCP40 / Tandy/Radio Shack CGP-115 /..; made by ALPS</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=faqs.org+%28Atari+8-Bit+Computers%3A+Frequently+Asked+Questions+section%29&rft.atitle=What+are+the+Atari+1020%2C+1025%2C+1027%2C+and+1029+Printers%3F&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.faqs.org%2Ffaqs%2Fatari-8-bit%2Ffaq%2Fsection-32.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOric+%28computer%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hexbus-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-hexbus_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hexbus.com/TI-99_4A_Home_Computer_Page/Hexbus_HX-1000_Printer_Plotter.html">"The Texas Instruments HX-1000 Printer/Plotter Photos"</a>. <i>Hexbus.com</i>. <q>Other printer plotters that use variants of the ALPS DPG1302 plotter mechanism include the: Commodore 1520, Tandy CGP-115, Sharp CE-150, Atari 1020, Mattel Aquarius 4615</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Hexbus.com&rft.atitle=The+Texas+Instruments+HX-1000+Printer%2FPlotter+Photos&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hexbus.com%2FTI-99_4A_Home_Computer_Page%2FHexbus_HX-1000_Printer_Plotter.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOric+%28computer%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oric_(computer)&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120204034150/http://freespace.virgin.net/james.groom/oric/oricfaq.htm">Oric FAQ</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://oric.free.fr/STORY/contents.html">Oric: The Story so Far</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gondolin.org.uk/hchof/review.php?id=71&mcid=52">Oric Atmos review</a> March 1984 <i><a href="/wiki/Your_Computer_(British_magazine)" title="Your Computer (British magazine)">Your Computer</a></i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.old-computers.com/museum/computer.asp?c=166&st=1">Microtan 65</a> –  <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.old-computers.com/museum/computer.asp?c=180">Oric-1</a> –  <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.old-computers.com/museum/computer.asp?c=79">Oric Atmos</a> at the Old Computers Museum</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oric.org">Oric.org</a> community portal (French)</li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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